3/15/23, 3:14 PM. ‘Micro(nano)plastics and terrestrial plants: Up-to-date knowledge on uptake, translocation, and phytotoxi ae ScienceDirect’ Resources, Conservation and Recycling ‘hue 185, Ober 252, 106503 Review Micro(nano)plastics and terrestrial plants: Up-to-date knowledge on uptake, translocation, and phytotoxicity Fawn Wang? 2 5, Xueying Feng, Yinging.Liu*, Catharine A Adams, Yubuan Sun *, Shu Zhang* * College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266082, PRChina ® Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Unversity of Calforna Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States Received 2 March 2022, Revised 3 June 2022, Accepted 28 June 2022, Available online 2 July 2022, Version of Record 2 July 2022. check for upd Show less eg Share 53 Cite tpsfdot.org/10. 1016) resconres2022.106503 » Get rights and content» Abstract ‘Micro{nano)plastics (MNPs) are categorized as emerging persistent pollutants that occur widely in various ecosystems, However, their impacts on terrestrial plants (particularly crops) are pootly understood. Given the persistence and widespread distribution of MNPs in the soil, itis necessary to recognize their potential impacts on terrestrial plants, This paper highlights the uptake, translocation, and phytotoxicity of MNPs in terrestrial plants. Due to their small size and high adsorption capacity, MNPs can adhere to the surfaces of seeds and roots, and thus inhibit seed germination, root elongation, and absorption of water and nutrients, and ultimately inhibit plant growth. ‘Microplastics (MPs), especially nanoplastics (NPs), can be absorbed by roots, and be translocated to stems, leaves, and fruits, The adherence and accumulation of MNPs can induce oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in plants, leading to a series of changes in plant growth, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, toxic accumulation, and metabolites in plants tissues, Overall, the phytotoxicity of MNPs varies dependent on their polymer type, size, dose, and shape, plant tolerance, and exposure conditions. Of particular importance is that the accumulation of MNPs and subsequent damage in plants may further affect crop productivity, and food safety and quality, causing potential health risks, Finally, knowledge gaps and future research priorities are discussed. Graphical abstract https:/iww.sciancedirect.com/sciencelartcle/abs/pii'$09213442220034694:~ axt=Microplastics (MPs)%2C especially nano... 1/63/15/23, 3:14 PM. ‘Micro(nano)plastics and terrestrial plants: Up-to-date knowledge on uptake, translocation, and phytotoxi ‘Download: Download high-res image (161KB) Download : Download fullsize image Introduction ‘The wide application of plastic products generates a great deal of plastic waste. One estimation showed that the ajority of plastic waste is mainly accumulated in landfills or the natural environment (Geyeretal., 2017). Although the degradation of plastics is generally difficult, some large plastics can break into smaller plastic residues via natural weathering (Arkatkaretal, 2009), Originally, particles/debris with a size < 5mm were defined as microplastics (MPs) (Thompson,2004), Nowadays, itis generally acknowledged that MPs and nanoplastics (NPs) are defined as sizes < 5mm and < 100nm, respectively (Xuetal, 2020), Considering the large quantity of global plastics waste, concerns about micro(nano)plastic (MNP) pollution in terrestrial ecosystems are growing (deSouza Machado etal, 2018; Guoetal,, 2020; Rillig,2012; Riligetal. 2017; Rilligand Lehmann, 2020; Wangetal, 202d). Micro{nano)plastics (MNPs) are derived from a number of sources, and their wide occurrence in global soils, particularly agricultural fields, have been confirmed (Guoetal, 2020; Okekeetal, 2022; Wangetal, 202d; Xuetal, 2020; Yangetal, 20213; Zhangetal, 2020a), Asa result ofthe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, plastic wastes such as single-use face masks are increasing, which may release a great number of MNPs (Shenetal., 2021), ‘As emerging persistent contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems, MNPs may affect all ecosystem components directly or indirectly, and consequently alter ecosystem services and functions (deSouza Machado etal., 2018. Helmbergeretal., 2020), Rillig(2012) first proposed that the accumulation of MPs in the soil would potentially cause adverse effects on soil properties and soil biodiversity. Thereafter, numerous studies have confirmed the largely negative impacts of MNPs on soil properties (Wangetal., 2022a, 2020c; Xuetal. 2020), soil fauna (Wangetal, 2022d), and soil microorganisms (Wangetal. 2020c; Zhangetal, 2021b; Zhuetal, 2019). However, these impacts are generally inconsistent, varying with MNP shape and size, polymer type and degradability, and the associated additives and impurities. Rilligetal.(2019) was the first to discuss the potential impacts of MNPs on plants and food safety concerns for crops. Recently, several studies have confirmed that MNPs at the nanoscale (< 100nm, i. nanoplastics) or submicrometre scale (< 1pm) can be absorbed by plant roots and translocated aboveground to aerial tissues (Dongetal, 2021; Lietal, 2020a, 2021b; Lianetal, 2020a; Liuetal,, 2022; Zhangetal., 2022a). In addition, foliar uptake of MNPs is another source of pollutant loads in terrestrial plants (Lianetal, 2021a; Sunetal., 2021). These findings imply that MNPs can enter the food chain and pose health risks for humans and livestock, Crop plants feed the world. Undoubtedly, the effects of MNPs on terrestrial plants, particularly crops, should be addressed. To date, several excellent review papers have included the impacts of MNPs on plants (Azeemetal., 2021; Geetal., 2021; Khalidetal, 2020; Okekeetal., 2022; Wangetal, 2022c; Yinetal, 2021; Zhouetal., 2021b; Zhangetal. 2022c). However, systematic reviews on the uptake, translocation, and phytotoxicity of MNPs in plants are still lacking, especially reviews examining the underlying mechanisms of phytotoxicity. In our recent review, MNPs were confirmed to change soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties (Wangetal., 2022a), which implies that MNP can indirectly affect plants, Here, based on recent research, we systematically review the uptake, translocation, and phytotoxicity of MNPs in terrestrial plants, to provide new insights into this topic. Finally, we discuss current knowledge gaps and future research priorities. https:/iww.sciencedirect.com/sciencelartcle/abs/pii/$09213442220034694:~ axt=Microplastics (MPs)%2C especially nano... 2/63/15/23, 3:14 PM. ‘Micro(nano)plastics and terrestrial plants: Up-to-date knowledge on uptake, translocation, and phytotoxi Section snippets Adherence of micro(nano)plastics to plant surfaces Plants are exposed to and contact MNPs that occur widely in the natural environment, such as in soil (Wangetal, 2022a), water (Lietal, 2018), and air (Enyohetal., 2019). Due to their great adsorption capacity, MNPs easily adhere to the surfaces of seeds, roots, and leaves, and thus affect plant development and function, Several studies have explored the effects of MNPs on seed germination. Boskeretal.(2019) investigated the effects of three sizes of plastic particles (PS, with 50. Uptake and translocation of micro(nano)plastics by plants Considering food safety and health risks, one extremely important issue is whether MNPs can accumulate in crops, in patticular edible crop tissues. Increasing evidence has confirmed that MNPs can be adsorbed by roots and transported to aerial parts (stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed) (Table I, Fig. 1). Furthermore, leaves can also take up MNPs and subsequently transport them downwards to roots (Sunetal., 2021). However, the mechanisms of how MNPs enter, transport, and re-distribute in. Micro(nano)plastic damages in plants and the underlying mechanisms Numerous studies have documented the negative, nonsignificant, and positive biological effects MNPs exert on plants, and explored the underlying mechanisms (Table2). Such effects can be direct or indirect. MNPs change soil properties physically (soil structure, porosity, bulk density, and water), chemically (pH, organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants), and microbiologically (Wangetal, 2022a), and affect soil fauna such as earthworms and nematodes (Wangetal,, 202d), via which MINPs. Conclusions and future directions In conclusion, MNPs can affect plants directly, The most important issue is the uptake and accumulation of MNPs in plant tissues, which will threaten food safety and human health. Although positive and non-significant effects have been observed, increasing evidence confirms that MNPs largely cause negative impacts on plant performance, such as plant growth inhibition, poorer nutrition, pollutant accumulation, photosynthesis damage, oxidative stress, cyto- and geno-toxicity, and metabolic. Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (2R2020MD 120) and the Doctoral Foundation of QUST (0100229003}.. 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