(Introduction)

‫تكتب في صفحه منفصله وبشكل احرف كبيره‬

‫ويكتب الكالم الالحق في الصفحه التي تليها‬

There are several common electrolytes found in the body, each

serving a specific and important role, but most are in some part
responsible for maintaining the balance of fluids between the
intracellular and extracellular environments. This balance is
critically important for issues like hydration, nerve impulses,
and muscle function and pH level. Electrolyte imbalance is common
in patients with diabetes, which could be the result of an altered
distribution of electrolytes. and it is related to hyperglycemia induced
osmotic fluid shifts . Electrolyte disorders are common in clinical
practice.

Electrolyte disorders are usually multifactorial in nature.

Various pathophysiological factors, such as nutritional status,
gastrointestinal absorption capacity, coexistent acid-base
abnormalities , pharmacological agents, other diseases (mainly
renal disease) or acute illness, alone or in combination, play a
key role.

The primary electrolytes found in plasma are sodium, chloride,

bicarbonates, calcium and potassium. Within the body, electrolytes are
found in both the intracellular and extracellular fluid. Electrolytes also
play an important role in controlling blood clotting, and body fluid and
muscle contractions

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is included among the diseases correlated

with electrolyte disorder . Hyperkalemia occurs due to increase in
plasma tonicity that results from the redistribution of potassium from
intercellular space to extracellular space in patients with DM.
Uncontrolled DM also Induce the urinary electrolyte loss which
increases the renal sodium wasting .

There are contradictory reports regarding the prevalence of electrolyte

disturbances among patients with DM. Hence the study was designed to
assess the serum electrolytes in DM patients.The analyses of electrolytes
are blood dependent which is an invasive method. Hence, the focus of this
study is the determination of electrolytes in diabetics .

The aim of this study is to measure the serum Sodium, Potassium and
chloride levels in DM patients

Electrolyte disorders are common in clinical practice.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the
community. The diabetics may suffer from electrolyte disorders
due to complications of diabetes mellitus and the medication
they receive.
Serum electrolytes concentrations are most commonly used tests
for assessment of a patient’s clinical conditions.
Any derangements from the normal range of electrolyte levels
in the body is described as electrolyte disorders.
According to the data of the International Diabetes Federation from 219
countries and territories, diagnosed diabetes reached 381.8 million cases
in 2013 and is projected to reach 591.9 million by 2035 [1].
Patients with kidney disease are more likely than others to have
abnormalities in serum potassium (K+). Aside from severe hyperkalemia,
the clinical significance of K+ abnormalities is important. in diabetic
electrolyte disorders occurred often even if the renal function is normal,
the common electrolyte disorders are hypernatremia and hypokalemia.

Electrolytes are an essential part of how the body functions,

affecting everything from hydration to how the heart beats.
They can also help doctors diagnose a wide range of medical
conditions and problems. Understanding electrolytes and the
potential concerns that surround them can help to care for,
and help to avoid future health concerns.
There are contradictory reports regarding the prevalence of electrolyte
disturbances among patients with DM. Hence the study was designed to
assess the serum electrolytes in DM patients.The analyses of electrolytes
are blood dependent which is an invasive method. Hence, the focus of this
study is the determination of electrolytes in diabetics .
The aim of this study is to measure the serum Sodium, Potassium and
chloride levels in DM patients

In this study, electrolyte disorders were evaluated among outpatient

diabetics in Babylon governerate hospitals. The study consisted of
patients with diabetes mellitus who visited the hospital The Current
study was aimed to provides an overview of the electrolyte
disturbances occurring in DM and serum electrolytes disorder
and its associated factors among patients with DM disease
increased frequency of electrolyte abnormalities .