PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM E E] AUTOMATION Article Module EDITOR ARTICLE MODULE OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION PERIOD 2022/2023 Lecturer Team Of Production System and Automation Course Ayudita Oktafiani, $.T., M.T. Dr. Nova Indah S., S.T., MT. Hadi Susanto, S.T., M.T., M1 Ph.D. Dr.Eng, Murman Dwi Prasetiv, S.T.,.M.B.A, Production System and Automation Laboratory Advisor Dr. Pratya Poeri Suryadhini, S.T., M.T. Production Systems and Automation Laboratory Assistants Anggie Shefira Novian P. ‘Muhammad Zidan Fadlilah ‘Bagus Rahadian Niken Ayu Pramudita Galih Purnama Taryana Sinta Pahlevi Gita Fitri Auliya Syahidan Fauzan Prakasa Helena Dinda Putri Naila ‘Yumna Aqila Khairun Nisa Marsa Kalbu PratamaPRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module HANDS ON MODULE LOGICAL GATE AND LADDER DIAGRAM. 1. Programmable Logic Controller Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an electronic system that can be programmed to perform control functions. PLC is used in the industrial world in controlling machines and industrial processes automatically using pre-programmed computer programs (Frank, 2004). 2. Logical Gate A logical gate is a series consisting of several inputs consisting of only one output that is activated by a combination of ecrtain input conditions. Logical Gate operates under the Binary Principle (Frank, 2004) Binary Principle has two values, namely 1 and 0 which represent some conditions as follows: Table 1. Binary Principle I 0 On off Open Closed True False High Low 3, Basic Logical Gate a, AND Gate AND Gate is a device with two or more inputs and one output. The output condition of the AND Gate will be 1 (On/Open/True/High) if the condition of all inputs from the AND Gate is 1 (On/Open/True/High) (Frank, 2004). Table 2. Truth Table of AND Gate A emer Input | Output B ] A |B Y o o o Inpuis: Onput 0 1 0 1 [0 0 Figure 1. AND Gate eymbol 1 1 1PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY Article Module AND gate has a concept like two switches (A and B) paired in series. ‘Table 3. Truth Table of AND Gate / Input Output A B Y A B Open (0) | Open (0) | OFF (0) Open (0) | Closed (1) | Off (0) Closed (1) | Open (a) | Of (0) Closed (1) | Closed (1) | On (1) Lamp Figure 2. AND Gate circuit ‘The AND gate concept can be implemented and simulated with 10 as switch A and will be serialized with [1 as switch B with its output 00. [AR Or Figure 3. Ladsim Simulation of AND Gate b. OR Gate OR Gate is a logical gate that has two or more input signals with one output signal (Frank, 2004). ‘The basic rules in OR gate is: 1) fone or more inputs are 1, then the output is 1 2) Ifall inputs are 0, then the output becomes 0. Table 4. Truth Table of OR Gate Input Output A B Y Input, OEE EEO o ee, —) > Outpt ofa ™ Tees tO) 1 1 1 I Figure 4. OR Gate symbolPRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY Article Module OR gate has a concept like two switches paired in parallel. Table 5. Truth Table of OR Gate 14 / com Input Output A B Y Le / ol Open (0) | Open (0) | OFF (0) a Open (0) | Closed (1) | _On(0) Closed (1) | Open(0) | On(0) Closed (1) | Closed (1) | On (1) Lamp Figure 5. OR Gate circuit The OR gate concept can be implemented and simulated with 10 as switch A and will be paralleled with 11 as switch B with its output 00. Hung 0 3 ne. Figure 6. Ladsim Simulation of OR Gate c. NOT Gate (Inverter) NOT gate is a logical gate that has one input signal and one output signal, The NOT output condition will be 1 if the input is 0 and the output will be 0 if the input is 1 or commonly referred to as the inverter (Frank, 2004), Table 6. Truth Table of NOT Gate Input _| Output A Out A out 0 1 1 oO Figure 7. NOT Gate symbolPRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION Article Module LaAnorarony NOT gate has a concept like a switch that is paired in parallel with the lamp and beamed. with a resistor. Lamp Table 7, Truth Table of NOT Gate s Ss Lamp 7 Open (0) | On(1) Closed (1) | OFF (0) Figure 8. NOT Gate circuit The NOT gate concept can be implemented and simulated with 10 as the S switch (normally closed) with the output 00. Rung 0 q °, 7 > Figure 9. Ladsim simulation of NOT Gate d. NAND Gate NAND Gate is an AND Gate with an inverse output (Frank, 2004). Table 8, Truth Table of NAND Gate A Input _| Output Y Y B A 0 0 1 1 Figure 10 NAND Gate symbol Hlol-lole I 1 1 0PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY Article Module NAND functions are often used to solve complex logic. ‘Table 9, Truth Table of NAND Gate Input Output A B vi Open (0) | Open (0) | On(1) Open (0) | Closed (1) | Onl) Closed (1) | Open (0) | On (1) Closed (1) | Closed (1) | Of (0) Figure 11. NAND Gate circuit ‘The NAND gate concept can be implemented and simulated with 10 as switch A (normally closed) paralleled with I1 as switch B (normally closed) with its output 00. Rung 0 ‘ye 2¢ > He Figure 12. Ladsim Simulation of NAND Gate e. NOR Gate NOR Gate is OR Gate with output produced inversely. Table 10, Truth Table of NOR Gate Input Output > FRE B 0 0 1 1 Figure 13. NOR Gate symbol -lol-lol= eololol—PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION Article Module LaAnorarony Here is a form of simulation on the hardwired circuit: ‘Table 11. Truth Table of NOR Gate Input Output A B Y Open (0) | Open (0) | OFfF(1) Open (0) | Closed (1) | OfF(0) Closed (1) | Open (0) | Off 0) Closed (1) | Closed (1) | OFF (0). Figure 14. NOR Gate circuit The concept of NOR gate can be implemented and simulated with 10 as switch A. (normally closed) serialized with II as switch B (normally closed) with its output 00, Rung 0 Ly 1 2¢ yl Ko Figure 15. Ladsim Simulation of NOR Gate f, XOR Gate Exclusive-OR or abbreviated to XOR gate is a combination of gates that is most often used (Frank, 2004). Table 12. Truth Table of XOR Gate Input | Output B o | 0 0 ofa 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Figure 16. XOR Gate symtolPRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module Here is a form of simulation on the hardwired circuit: Apt \e OUT XOR GATE Figure 17. XOR Gate circuit ‘The XOR gate concept can be implemented and simulated with 10 (normally open) and 11 (normally closed) as switch A paralleled with 10 (normally closed) and 11 (normally open) as switch B with output its 00. ne, Figure 18, Ladsim Simulation of XOR Gate g XNOR Gate ‘The logic used in XNOR gate is, when the input values used are different, then the output produced is low (0), and if the input values used are the same, then the output produced will be high (1). Table 13. Truth Table of XNOR Gate A Input __| Output Y e A Y 0 0 1 1 Hlol-lol™ Hlolo|-PRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module Here is a form of simulation on the hardwired circuit: Figure 2), XNOR Gate circuit ‘The XOR gate concept can be implemented and simulated with 10 (normally open) and 11 (normally open) as switch A paralleled with 10 (normally closed) and 11 (normally closed) as switch B with output its 00. Rung 0 hy “ Figure 24. Output Address PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION LABORATORYPRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module 7. Debugging Simulator Function i pacccac5kiA aS eagaaegna woccoccod: aaasooesli anaaaR ARs AAAS Register: Regier: MSB 0000 0900 0000 0000 se Feastr2 SB 000 0000 0000 000 se Fesiter’ SB 0000 0000 0000 000 sé Fegstr# SB 000 0900 0000 0000 se Flags: Cori re rare rer? re rs rw rn Ce re Cu 06 Figure 25. Debugging Simulator There are several functions of the b-part of the debugging simulator: a. Inputs Inputs are used to activate the buttons that act as inputs can be sensors. b. Outputs Outputs are outputs from inputs, i.e. reactions when input control is activated. c. Timers Timers is a program to calculate time backwards or forwards changing several things such as: © T1,72,..., Ta : time address on ladder diagram * Pre Preset, the time set in the control ladder © Ace Indicates the running seconds that are being simulated until the time set on the preset. * DN If there is an"X" sign, it means that the time has finished running Counters Counters are counters to the number of repetitions * CLc2 counter address on ladder diagram © Pre Preset in the control ladder PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION LABORATORYPRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION TABORATORY PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module © Acc Indicates the running recurrence on the simulation arrive at the specified amount Here are the types of simulations that can be used in: (a) Traffic Light (b) Car Park (c) Packing Line (©) Bottling Plant () Elevator a, ~ PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND AUTOMATION LABORATORYPRODUCTION SYSTEM & AUTOMATION LAnoRATORY PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module 8. Self-Holding Circuit 1) Output Latching Latching is used to keep the relay contacts ON even if the control signal is omitted or disconnected. 2) Unlatching Output Unlatching is used to keep the relay contacts OFF or to the initial state even if the control signal is eliminated or disconnected.RODUCTION YSTEM & AUTOMATION Laboratory PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Article Module REFERENCES Petruzella, F. (2004). Programmable logic controllers. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Khan, M. S., Ahmed, T., Aziz, I, Alam, F. B., Bhuiya, M. S. U., Alam, M. J., ... & Mahtab, S. S. (2019, November). PLC based energy-efficient home automation system with smart task scheduling. In 2019 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC) (pp. 35-38) IEEE.