ORAL COMMUNOCATION

WEEK 1 – QUARTER 2
Types of Communicative Strategies

OBJECTIVES:
▪ distinguish various types of communicative strategy;
▪ engage in a communicative situation;
▪ use acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategy
Let’s wrap-up
1. Nomination – A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic.
2. Restriction – refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
3. Turn-taking – It pertains to the process by which people decide who
takes the conversational floor.
4. Topic Control – covers how procedural formality or informality affects
the development of topic in conversations.
5. Topic Shifting – involves moving from one topic to another.
6. Repair – refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that they encounter in a conversation.
7. Termination – refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating
expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
 ORAL COMMUNOCATION
WEEK 2 – QUARTER 2

Understanding Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and

Communicative Strategy

OBJECTIVES:
▪ identify the different types of speech context, speech style, speech act
and communicative strategies engaged in by people in various situations;
▪ explain that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategy affects various factors such as language form,
interaction duration, relationship of speaker/s to audience receiver of
message, roles and responsibilities of the speaker, the message itself and
the manner of delivery of the speaker;
▪ use effective communicative strategies in a variety of speech situations.

Factors affected by a shift in speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act, and
Communicative Strategy

Language form
▪ This refers to the formality or informality of the language used and it
involves the choice of words and how sentences or utterances are
structured.
▪ Formal language – is used when talking with professionals or persons in
authority in a formal, official or ceremonial occasion, situation, gathering
or event.
▪ Informal language – is used without much consideration to rules of
convention or etiquette.

Duration of interaction
▪ This refers to the amount of time a conversation takes between and
among communicators.
Relationship of speaker
▪ This refers to the speech style used by the speaker suited to his/her
relationship to the person with whom he/she is communicating.
▪ Intimate – the speaker talks to family members, best friends or romantic
partners. This may comprise private conversations or personal interactions.
▪ Frozen – the speaker addresses an audience in a formal gathering such as
ceremonial events. Eucharistic celebrations or even court hearings.
The style is “set” or “fixed” and thus, it rarely or never changes.
Audience feedback is not required.
▪ Consultative – the speaker communicates with a person whom he/she
may have to clarify things, discuss a problem, or seek advice.
▪ Casual – the speaker shares close and personal information with friends,
classmates or colleagues.
This ordinarily occurs in everyday life.
▪ Formal – the speaker has to deliver a pre-planned or written speech to
address a crowd of people such as giving opening remarks during a
seminar or the president making a public announcement or delivering
SONA.
This refers to the role and responsibility of the speaker which will
depend on the purpose and context of communication.

Role and responsibility of speaker

❑ Responsibility depends on the purpose which may be:
❑ To inform,
❑ To persuade
❑ To entertain
❑ The speaker may be a person who gives information and additional
knowledge to another person or an audience, someone who convinces
others for a cause or an individual who provokes laughter for diversion
and fun.
Message
▪ This involves the content of the message.
 ▪ The message may be facts, opinion, feelings, order, suggestions and
questions.
Delivery
▪ Extemporaneous – speaking with limited preparation and guided by notes
or outline.
▪ Impromptu – speaking without advanced preparation or unrehearsed
speech.
▪ Memorized – planned and rehearsed speech.
▪ Manuscript – reading aloud a written language.

Communicative competence
▪ Speech Context
▪ Speech Style
▪ Speech Act
Speech Context
▪ Speech context assumes a more or less direct relationship between
situational, societal, political or cultural “environment” in which
the communication transaction occurs.
▪ The type of audience, circumstances and setting are taken into
consideration.
▪ Intrapersonal communication – it is the basic form of communication
where the ‘self’ is the only consideration.
▪ Interpersonal communication – this kind of communication involves the
transmission of messages that is deliberately extended to others.
▪ Public communication – addresses a large number of people.

Speech Style
▪ A person may choose what style or form of language to use in
communicating with others; however, personal preferences may not work
at all times.
▪ There are controlled instances when one may just go with the flow of the
communicative process because that is what is required in the situation.
 ▪ Intimate communication – happens between or among family members
because they are bound by close affinity.
▪ It may be private or confidential.
▪ Casual communication – they feel comfortable and at ease with
one another.
▪ They laugh without ceasing over not-so-funny things and at times,
not even getting sensitive to one another’s criticisms.
▪ Consultative communication – is giving pieces of advice as in a guidance
counselor and a client who needs it.
▪ Example: between a doctor and his patient or parents who consult
with a teacher about their child’s academic performance.
▪ Formal communication – is well-planned in terms of structure, sequence
and coherence of ideas.
▪ Example: A principal presenting a school’s financial report to
teachers, parents and other stakeholders
▪ Frozen communication – those activities which are not changeable in
nature. It is set and it is very rarely or almost never altered.
▪ Example: Saying a prayer like Our Lord’s Prayer or the Hail Mary and
reciting the Patriotic Oath during flag ceremonies.

Speech act
▪ Speech Acts are part of people’s day to day transactions. They are
commonplace.
▪ Words that we have for a specific purpose or intention have to be
expressed.
▪ Otherwise, no transaction or negotiation can occur.
Communicative strategies
1. Nomination – A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic.
2. Restriction – refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
3. Turn-taking – It pertains to the process by which people decide who
takes the conversational floor.
4. Topic Control – covers how procedural formality or informality affects
the development of topic in conversations.
5. Topic Shifting – involves moving from one topic to another.
6. Repair – refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that they encounter in a conversation.
7. Termination – refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating
expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
 ORAL COMMUNOCATION
WEEK 3 – QUARTER 2

Principles of Effective Speech Writing

OBJECTIVES:
▪ discuss the principles of effective speech writing;
▪ analyze the importance of Audience Profile, Logical Organization,
Duration, Word Choice and Grammatical correctness) in writing a
speech;
▪ compose a speech applying the principles of effective speech writing
and deliver

Speech Writing Process

Just like events planning, or any other activities, writing an effective
speech follows certain steps or processes. The process for writing is not
chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That means you have the
opportunity to repeat a writing procedure indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts
first before you can settle on the right one.
Principles in Effective Speech Writing
When planning for writing your speech, you should consider the following
principles:
❑ Audience Profile
❑ Logical Organization
❑ Duration
❑ Word Choice
❑ Grammatical Correctness
 4. Word Choice

There are a lot of vocabularies available to describe one's idea. However, the speaker should
carefully use the correct word in writing the speech. The use of conversational language helps put the
audience feel at ease and creates a special bond between the speaker and the audience. However,
there are things that you should consider in choosing your words.

The following words should be avoided in a written speech. (Tandoc, 2016)

a. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people

b. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words
c. Language inappropriate for the audience
d. Language inappropriate for the occasion

Jargons are specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group which are
difficult for others to understand.

For example, the word idiopathic (which means unknown cause) and hyperventilate
(rapid breathing) are jargons because they are technical terms in medical fields. The word
affidavit (sworn) and circumstantial (specific details) are heard commonly in legal aspect or
terms in in the field of Law. These words can be confusing if you are speaking in front of a
general crowd or audience.

Guidelines in Speech Writing

1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by
your audience, not read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse
your audience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but
take care not to overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness
with your audience, use the personal pronoun “we.”
4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal
and conversational tone of your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes,
and nonverbal cues.
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your
point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time
limit.
 ORAL COMMUNOCATION
WEEK 4 – QUARTER 2

Principles of Effective Speech Delivery

OBJECTIVES:
▪ identify the principles of effective speech delivery
▪ demonstrate effective speech delivery
▪ realize the importance of using principles of effective speech delivery

Principles of Effective Speech Delivery

❑ Articulation
People always judge how well you speak in general. The perceived
intellect or education is sometimes used to measure how well you
articulate.
The instance on how well and precisely you form vowels and
consonants using your lips, tongue, jaw, and palate to form the sounds to
speak is crucial in making your message get crossed.
On the same idea, diction and enunciation are other forms of
articulation.
❑ Modulations
This happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your
voice as you try to lower your voice to a loud whisper in order to get the
attention of your audience as they find your message more appealing,
dramatic and mysterious.
Modulation has various meanings, such as a change of key in music
or of the sound of a person's voice.
❑ Stage presence
The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in
listening to him/her through his or her presentation style refers to stage
presence.
 Every time the speaker faces his audience, he is encouraged to
keep his poise, posture, gestures, and movements since they may make or
break the presentation.
It is the ability to make the audience connect with the speaker and
pull them into the story being told, and as a result, the audience are
affected by the feelings, emotions, and ideas being conveyed.
❑ Facial expressions
are essential in setting the emotional tone for a speech. It is really
helpful that facial expressions jive with the message being delivered.
To effectively communicate emotions and enthusiasm while
speaking, the speaker must use emphatic and descriptive gestures.
These helps enhance the verbal content of our speech. Gestures
should appear spontaneous but purposeful. Movements from the waist
down should be decisively used to emphasize a point or as a transition
during a speech.
❑ Movement of the whole body, instead of just gesturing with hands, is
appropriate in a speech.
This permits you to focus on overseeing nervousness and spotlight
on progressively significant parts of conveyance like vocal assortment,
keeping away from familiarity hiccups and verbal fillers, and improving
eye to eye connection.
❑ Rapport
It happens when you have everything in concordance or harmony.