You are on page 1of 299
11101 11011011 11 ono OL si 050, 8100001 101110 eS eS Hand written C++ Notes CONTRIBUTOR Santosh Kumar Mishra SDE @Microsoft ry ss ie: 9 ® ® @ Inknoduction nen . whak tp C++? C++ % om. object oriented Progne.mninyg Longuege - Buk ocbiect onienked © rok a Lamguoge. Ik ip Pnognomming principhe: Whak ip - programming principle ? a pnogno.mming Principle define set ob Ruleg amd. Regulortong. By following This principly complhercrty oma cleveloping prognam cay be Reoluce. Paregnomiming ele menkgQ Onno Ns Pregno-mming elememkg one bio Kype.l Thega che |. daa L INS knuctiang Eveny Progam nearer Lnput , OvEpUE. PHCCORQ amd TIypvt ._ VN The doko 0% imFfonmakion given €o The. Prognety ip coUlea of Tpvl- Phocegg :— er Prog matnming Some colculakrov) sp Colle of procegg. out pve : oN TE ga Regolt. eS Whak ap Pognem 9 A oO pPrognony 6 Seb oy dake ancl Amgrnuckteng. @ ashok & prognamming 7 9 ; Oo @ Prognemrring ip orgomezing a doke. eal Qo ENB R DUCE LON Recosding ko givem. problem. a ) Ligt of pspgnomming princkplg +. NN Thee one six. Eye ob Progne-mMining oO PAIMCIPAL. “Thege ose oF Folloug. o (- UNsEmUCELHeA PHOgHAMMing CuSP) oO 2 Procedunok onlenked prnognaimming C Pop) aan ‘od Mecluilanr (07) SERUCEUROd cmnenkeal Picgne-mring abieck onterked proxgnamming Coop) 7 \ 4 5. componenk Begeo phognemming CcBP) 6 mom i AZPeck oMeMKeA PHOghahmeieng Cc AcP) Ik Unstructured phognamming Cusp) - wren” ae Anns Accomoling bo UNStoucky eo Proegnemmive emcept , Pmogre-ti ftp developed by cagamizing doko anid () Amgzenuckteng tn seqguewntiok AdAe- TE Hy Menez; “ge sequemkiek of hey - DNAW HACKS dr UNSERNUCKUM Col Pragnamming + Verse NN nwo AAA ot % Redundenk CRepitakion) code/ INSEMUCET ONY QQ % Because de Redkndancy “he Mze dr prognem 7. doncrv€ogep. = a occupy WAR Spece, whrch Yyeolrce Speed- %* Thene ip no prepen oagomizakton de dake ame Spenaktenns- £2 +. Assembly Lamguege | Mo-chineg Languoge ome UMSEHMCEOVA A pHOgnamhivg Loynguogep. Precedumal omerkeal PROgHOMMANE CPeP) +- owe LN Ow none openaktong Provsoloal by o& PRIM kp didad into strait piecep and Gach piece Or a PRognam ky called SubRoVEXNE ————— @ whak iy SubRME Me 2 ® O&O SMelk — phog nen toikth bn a. prnognem Re called SubRovtine: The SubRovline con be Eithen pPhocedure Mm PeNCKIONEe AdvombtegeR of procedural omevvkedl Programming . wee ose aaa NYO > There reo Lor byped. [- Mooluhorc ty . 2: Reugobsltey, 3. Simpliccty. 4- EFFickom cy, 1 Moduthositcy »_ WIND O Bivioling programming ing caucttTong Recomoling to ike epemotions imko Stal Modualy. 2. Reugebeliey ._ aN ne write -once omed use many ki'meg. 2900b0000005 3. Simplicity . Tt @ eopy ko Uundenstena cpenorreve OF —O& PHOFM0-Hy- 4 EFF Ka cys WrrnnwnrK_— * By Reducing The Sire ob The PH999.0m ESF rato ey ob PIecAduAe arvevreol PHOGHIMR Lacreegep., Drnatubo-cKe ds procedusor omievrkert PrALAEMM NG | anon NILA weer. Veer * comeentnoked on development of fumctione. % LiteAe akkemtlor Ip gwen bo rhe olote being ugecl by Fumetion. . * Tr ao leoge prognom zip vesy diffecule ko Kdbovverdy whok doka ly ugeot by which Function: * when revising om Exkeannok oka, Stoucture aU The. s fumctrong That ACCePZ? The date elyo hop & be Revived Debugging Aepplicarion & on complex: K Thene Ip Yo prcpen CAgonization d& data ovial perchiong, f ChoMactenigties de PHecedumcl onienkedk Pacgse-miny NYYYY I wees VN POO * Emphagig kp on doing thinge Calgorikhwrs j * Lerge preggamg one divided into Stalk Pregame, ® IMRE os the Functiong shore globo dake aa " .F % Dok moveg cpemby omeund The Sygkem. : % FUMceIoMg EVangformg date From ond to anobhey, x Employ2 tee -doon oe ppacack. G 3 Stauctumedt orrenkeal Programming (cay Modukodr onrenkeot as 4 Progno-mhuivg Lomguege C Sep ©%)Mep) . _ 7 Neer wes. eee oe) Ppplicokt ovr oO © 9 © oy O “J Q %K Medurlon oxevkeat PrIRO-M kp ®~ SULPEAZet ob PRececlusol Q ORI OWEot Paogncomming oppnoach- \ * IM Ehig approach TeLgeabiley ds Sub joLciNg ode between The PHROGAO-H 2. * THe dhatvboeke ob ppeceadunol con bo Applecable fo prodiho optEWVK eA prnogaomnung Lomguage: - a ' Ke" fp ew Structured opierrtol ©) paroceclured optenkeal PROGHEMming Lo ange cooogoooooco0 0: yon, Nw chy Nae’ oO io Ne qos 4. Objeck osxenkeol PHOQHO-MrKNg +. Sr www. On @ Nowme Some pene object CRI Oke al Lemguageo <8 ® Smalltalk, JOVOL, Eisfer, : Sokhes. : QD hy cet ope o. PURZ obJeck onenkeal Longuege 7 ® Tk ooceproe FULFEU oth the Princphe ob ebject OR OKC C++ 2 an aodvonted ‘Cc! language The PAGO g cdevelopedl Ay “0? Longuage cutch 0 wekhork Iooky — -Steokiong mwvel ko Cet. obiect oACemkea COoncE pe + _ ww we LINO 1} EN cCopujakion . NY wr 7 ¥ Evcapzulasion % a proceso ob grouping dake sol HelereA ocperationg. % cmepeing up ob data ond cele ime o Single unk Colopp) % Dake i “net eccepecble by the otk siclo woalel, # oly The Func&rong t-eppeol Free2Qg de. up im The chloe? cam Boke H xoling . NON ONS re : * The Loguhakion ob Che olata fram ayvect Acce 99 from ‘the Prnogro-by * Hekpg The poogveammes Jeo buthol Secune PROPAaMg. > comkoatnen 3 ena progne-rn mer OPRHot ong ; a pean Fieopsuilase on AbZEHOCETON) \ 7 Irene ~~ i: PEELS ec bray Ape Phocepe by Wreck Raver Resutread OPA Qak-on yg Encepeularion-Zk YY & pSecepp ob gon z ing date owl Choke ws . . PEROK POM yy PRepeA orclas, PAelvon : Nectege © Udding @ Beroting ChedackencZe'cg cb object onconteot PB reba tntg «, awe nnn ane S # Emphezis ip on clata Rather The PRecocdlurve x PROSvEMP coe cliveoloct IMmko objeckp. * funct'on ‘Thek -ePEACHKA NM The lake ode Fred | kepethes, tin The doko styuctore. wy enn Cam Yrk 62 acceQpend Sy cnt re aee4 J Exkeanark Funcypongy,. ae * cbjectg Moy cammurk tare wxhkh Cach okhesy. * New clate~ ama Fux) ckion.g May be Copriss aotolert. #% Empleye bottom-up app%ach- clagg +. x clegz kp AO conrainen which contain clokA anol PeHOATONEZ. clepp ip Encapgularedl wth imfermation amok IRA ckiong, % chopR Av ao data kype} uIeN defined datahype- * clogeg ip a bluepaink or obieck. % blueprink ky vething but a Phomming he fore. cogkouckiing an abject. % clePk ip & hogicelh WED oo chject. K clely ip phoning be fore COMBAT Vag obleck- * cloPR AP oO. coM@ction oy mem berg t+ haderar them beng. 2+ Men ber, funckrong, % cloee Ap o collection of Vosvetbhep end Functrong, PM w¥en defect ate bYype, The entre Sok oly olokeon. ENA Cocke jo mMoyvipwlare oclera. * * objecty cog Wariebleg ob type chape, BS Puy “mbes, ob ebjocks oo chagg cam be cACakEdt. He ebeck WP ON imBkonce ob chops. 2K chjeck W 0 Hope vosuable . ® cbjeck ip a physicar mepregentarion of a Clopy, © whok 1 any Ser oF object 2 ; ® SBI Steond? fon Stoke Behaviour ool Tolortity. Evesy object heap above 3 Phopets ep Stoke +_ VMN : A velue given be vesiobhe/orkaibure ob chjcot define stokes PORNO) :- AN cpenakdon which change The Stare of objec 0% Mamnipulare conkenk? ob cbject. Tolonktky . i ; FL Umig vend to sdentkéfy Coch ely}: Toho ky { a TNO: fe lo 5 pore Nowe : L coor OF | ect, Nowne: Bala Stake SUbjeckr Subject: 6 Subject 3 SVbjecb2> 1 SUbjece3> B90 Yead-studg, | Sind-regubk feed -skuclewe i pohav ‘oun Find peg a Qoeocodosd a9 © “ODOCDODODOOCCOO \ Coo ia Ce Regi Layy has , ROS K Ct+t dp am object osvenred Pregrmrmnmiry’ Lailage. * Ct kp Supenset of © Lomnguoge.. 7 KR The Xhea ComeR ++ cperakos,. % C++ Ba advances 'e% Lorgiogé) eet : 1 why c++ 2 4 owe * ebject orenkeot Pregraain ung Lamguoge . * C++ Ip a porkabhe Longuage Podtob he ._ west HK C+ phogyaim2 cow be levelopedl on lcffer- TEM operating SyRremg, ' *% C++ pHagre My ode PMeCebha acres Mult phe PORK Yacems. % PoAkable Meang oatbe once onl More PROBYONY B Jeo Chenge ony cporeltdvg Syzkemg. K ctt dp o& plok form Aependenrk Becoupe when cet PRBVeAy corps heck comme Te CoNPKAH = FENERaLEP Plo fr hepern olen Coole. Ms * oC Setnpokebility >. nN ThE PHEGVeIME Which ome clevelopedl ku 'e' euch “ae ony Mody fication Weve ko C++ HK C++ $9 an EMbedcodt PPOBremmug Laguoge hich # howving The chosectewgricg dr - Low bevel, amal high hovet Lon guage. Appi cokionR of Cr+ ONY OOO APP hi cokion Soot Wong ie ONS wes ne LD con cleveltep Bpplcotion Sertuocsay oka — Deke bope Comecke 3 PD NORAPHECER ROW. _ MSL J > SpreaaA Sheet C mS-Excer y PF EktkOnY CNCbEPAd , L%ol pal) A Compeee; euhweh Solve The PrebleM of Enoluraa, AP coMedl Applicotn'oyy SolrtwoAe, SY8KEM ScbttoKe ._ woes noons > PCH NG SYRkO . D> comprhe gg, > Peuicep prrverg ae PHENO Teend\ mouse. Ly keyboosct. LS monibos. Cheoactes PBUPRMLPS APP ackron ._ = Yee rrr = 7 Bomk : J Super Mo 1ed a 2 Hogpkired TD Stvolenas Schook [colkege CONIA K Ca ov) *K Protocole CHT TP) mask ok Tleeemrnu” Micobton ip cle velopeot ky c++. 4 cccec XY s/ 20 3 - 2ooosd 7 ' 1) 2 a ¢ Cod cn el etd. bo QerSAST = Higkoay of Ctt -_ Tat eae : oem wn fin object onienteo! programming Lannguage. Tritvolly normed C wilh chepeey | Developed by Bioumne StmougstHUPp . Renomest 09 e+ by 1999 The Kohoo. comep from © intrement cporctoy +r Tk Po Supensek oc. RR Sobtiione Ip a ceolhoction of PREQVEADB, OW PHOGL-IM Ap 6H Sek oy POLE Cheionnp, RAM kmetsuemcen 47 & colRekiome oly Coleen. KA boeken fy colkectom of chosactess, chosactey Set de copy oo IN IYININONIVSNr - *K c++ ve AGETL cole Chosa.cteg, Sek - % Acceholing ANSZ no. of Chorackearl U~ek im c++ for, developeedg Progyemg ip 128. ° A-Z a-Z o-9 SPEION ChoSactErR ode Jeo 'tji\.2> 9-8 ts Hl iw LE t+--j)c H&A TaKOMQ of C++ +. ION Ns _ et+ dp 0 copesengrtive Lavguege Tk fendp O ck fference | bektecer copikal JEIKA2 ond Sol > AAI. Gg A boleany Ap & = Strablepk Anictivicluek Unkk cock o 0 The pReBroM. O PheBveMm Ip Hever developed O bekeh ok Tokeng. O Thene ose 5 .kYpeEF ds Cornemp -khoPe one. oO Le Key worl? O 2 Tclewikt Frege, oO 3- cperatong - 6 4 Doke-kypep. 7 5° CoMSk ones, 7 5 Ir Key cscordZ : An Key cromol Ay Lavguegé relored Co%d. howing i3 spectre Meaning wikh an Lowgucge -mewivg o3 THER CoH Corn wot b2 Changeot- a Peek RAMA +. There a KOYtutmol caltect book: th sp o doketgipe, clopp Eemplote, vigkuoh, Fracena , Publec, PrVake. cy PROLE CECA, Nome Speco, KW Cokch, Thro, ew, O Belere opedoter hepa ode. keyuonlp in CH. True | Folfe. ey % Fo et+ The wal vob Keyuondp #» 48 a * INC The betet Te ob Keyesonop coe. 32 f) Ooooo0o0o0os an sel a! Doro. HYPER > ny al Thene ose Fas, KYPEP ob. Dare. kypeP © Funda enrot Dokakypep. @ Derncved coro. kypep - @ vzeyndefined cloko-kypep, @& Empky doo. kypep. © Furcdlamentot Doo. OPEP s. oe SN ONOO Ir Ane a bY hep. 2. UNMANEA Ae = aby kep. B- Ske ve abytep. A Show int 2byte. 5 dorng dnd_____. 4. bytep CG Float — & bytep 7 oloubhe. & bytep S hong douphe lo byte. a. chag, — 1 bytep lo. unsigned chesx,——— byte Us Skgnek ches —— | byte 12. book | by be. Signed Meng Accepting The PeRitfve ond WE Gek( ye Valuer Sgned AP quelefiel me & GN SB Nel WA oS.0 Some. O OQ €) @ Derived daka kype ._ aa ns O Anaey @ pointes, @ Refegence, @® ven defiayek doe. kya ef wdiae ct ANN °@ senuct) OB uncom. ® Enum. ” @ clopg- @ Empky Doke. kypep. Nw nN Voxdl.- PRAOKOMZ iy CHE, en nan The cperotve. which ose cdot im C+ ase is Mev 2. dele to 3. tt Geope Regulution operator) D- K+ C poirkes to Mantes, Acee re operator 5 Rt: Cpoinkee bo member, Accepp CPegoker ) CONS EOWNUER <_ weer beokeonn congtemt2 cy brue. cin Felpe Ex - Ak KS Shear YY book bp, Mele; Jey b-tyue - Ai$fevencep werweer cout enol paint eoue FRE F Tk Ip am object ‘ (Zk wp an Fametiory 2+ FORA Makbeol anol Un goamattesl 2+ FuAmaktet output 3. Tk ceepn's spedisty F LE Hoquired eoneer FPR AH et mn Specifies ooo0o00o0o0oc5 MOoDaD = = ww © ° QO 7 ey a, ~~ cc ¢ Ilo S€reamge -_ AE = ws aT COMRE 2 Stream >- www > * A Stream 4p a chopg om objeck which = PRovle impuk anc oukPUr cpenakr'ong, * D SbreBm ap oO flow or bytep having Svac3o 03, deStinakion: : % In c++ ko cpessotconR cae, perdermad UPing tuo PredeFinedl objects. Cin OLY Clty Cove cout Coonmle ovtpuk) HR cout M on chjeck of type ostream chopg. * cout persons Fortnekkedt]tovepuk operakrong, * cove does wot uve Sormnoxting spect frerg *% Fo&mereing up on mnphicte Fumctioeity ol cout K THR object availble om declona cankh joy Zlo stream. Ciostyveam-h) HK THEP obJeck & bind with OM Prat, Govt chjeck Hepregenk2 moncron. * Te IP om WEA koala Abt SKFE cperate- 3 The behavious, oe THR cpesroter Chowgep eshen Poot with Puncla_meyvkak dota kyper. Syntax aw covt << None ble/congtent; €x a cove Ze “Hello”. ___s| uello | 7 (oF BEE A Govt <4 10,20 CWE LL Ie + J 7 3 ENR Couvk <éle, 7 eee Wie WP COMME CE * How bo Pink Mone Than ome \olure, ORKg “cove 9 ® Copcocking Wngertion eperatorg. %K UFing roe Hon ene Lageation epesakrov\ txkh cout Exc :- aric bras Cok 220 224 b. Wr cok Ze%as eee . day co =flo Cos ® The Evoluaren oly INGERECCM CPCHOLOY Ode. cone From Higher ko hele ema Pe gg 20 dowre Fo.0%m Jobt bk n5Ke cout tc" astetea C2 bo" 4e by os as Sy COVE ZEA AFALAARH Scart, a oy, € oodo0o00oc Go a! ~ es € 20 a ine) { "“OO00000000 fa ny rs “he ac! cout 42a ft cLoatt+lcort = Ase soph PE | p] Exe ~ —-- Amt a - , AS; cok Je t++a eot+ta 2efta; aise ++a-6 Are ++e27 a-7 ++acg Ex: Bk Oo Qig Saeed OF+=6 CHEE at+ Zea _- cdatt- ag O-- 25 Gig Of+= Cin - i t C4 7 CComsoke input ) K cin on object of istream cChope. %K ch -vepregey? Stavrolodol Arn pur levee. Cey boar) * cin Ugep >> C exkmactron perjotor ) RK which extracts dete, adil Key bok omcdl Sbore Angide me mony. K Te Yor we 1 Syntrax ~_ NNN CLM >> Voscouphe. Ps TR pesadarrn Feamolcesl! unfortrekbecd Lapubk opesak on, K Tb doer wot veep Foamorting specefrerg. CAM D> VNB) D> VENA D> VanZ -- c++ comprheng ee AV OS C++ -cornplleAR orvolloble io nuneok Se Turbo c++ Borland c++ Mico Sobt ert CHF OM Umig CF Oe Lau C++ on Sohasiep. S€muckUre dr c++ PXC99O4M . eres nm INNINOEN Oe Dacummenk Section Linkoge Sectiory Flobad declaration / Pekinction section PROALD PHBA SECHon ——.__| -Dlobor DoF nekyeyy o O oO oO Oo oC oO o oO oS her qc O! TY od COOD09000ROD000000000900 sinucture iol Cet. P2CDIAM corp, be.,eeyéeleg nts five type: L Docwmenk Section + 2. Lineage sector. 3+ Globo Dechesakion | peFirckion Section. 4 Moin pHIBRAIMN Section. ; 4 e 5. globa DeFinition Section, I Deeummenk Section +_ ONO * Lk A Nopkionod Section . K Th section congpty informakion about PRHAQYOM, RIK Y not undenstend by CON PLES, , RHE documenkolton ip PRIDE “upigg commowes, K C++ pseurolep EUo type de commenkg |. Sknghebine commen C/) 2 mudcrhine. comm enk C/% */) RK CONNER ome Menoned by comprlesd, Ex nk tro; // room ve 1 EWS iy logic fo Finding even co old -K/ ds Crown if, pore) 2 Linkoge Section (0%) Pre proces 20%, section An OO oem esa a TMS Section I Toandlokory section * THY wokion & execurer before comps Ling Linking The PRB enh Ue FP viper For edhe r pra iy eee Es ea a lpn BC Wh adienonly uRedl For propropter arecervep Ap t ff kanvchuohe. SF RSE mE | L if Fe berwueen Ff include oftnre 7 CD whew 47 his tevrence WCENY Ht es anaes) ond gH incucde " Frhe nome" O © 4 imcludle ec fitenomes | # snchude. “ Foe, ee Lee Sees Oo |) SeoKeh Fhe name in Ie See eh FA OMe jy oO amelrcle pest. Sumce pth ik wot 9 Fano Seach jay includ Perth. @ Ploeboh Declarton ov DeFnikton Seekron - LN oe ae er Rupe FH Pectaing global Ves cotrlop oar doko kypep amd functtong. 2K Tie Wp own oplionet Seckoy: % THE ogonépt object orenbed PArMciphe beceuwe | a de cee dele ot kee object optevred: Moun Seckioyy *«_ = ee o KR Even Execuceble C++ PHSSrOIM hur howe The Faun ckfor moin aia K Execurion dr CH+ PH@YTOHIM Stosxke From mown Fwoacreoy) : O 7 fy synkax-J : = bok Main ©) Q, R Henan o ., ° oF r wae O CZECH) KP an Cxlk COAG Value Herman ko cpedating Syzrem *o ker nirnate The Cxecvt : “korn oe Che PROIGeM, HEKUAN (5 D WVV™ I comes ip peraking sygkermn dogp nob execuk the PABOIM Tk gi vep The 23,909, Saran 11s empty doke type Voxel moat ¢ 9 L x * The Libsescep oboe n't have The moin PAQRLImM, #K Lk AX ony opttoyark Seckion. ¥@ Globor DeSaition Section aaa oer we KX ORMEMR The function? ancl oka kYypa. deFivigion which hove dleckasenl in Alobak BeCKaS Ok Cony Sector KX te kp on Cptromok Sectron, K Tumble C++ 3.9 loop w'k Suppose Exception barnobling end name Sprcop mol mine functronp. PUCIROM ISO + Sove pHoBroty -_ ote so So a [THD ip try FARE’ prepvetn * / r FE bo chluUdke 2 LoRER2-M. HD 9 are Main 3 go L oO Cove 22" welcome toct#") O Hewmwn ©, + 0 9 8 c++ PoeBrem 4y Sve by -cpp extenkiong K Tuo c#+ 3-0 Leche ‘ohne PRB andl CLBROWE 0 PRIM anal Cormpshag. MK TU pe Cet WS obep vet kmclucle Fhe buk Le vow gakee Prom cusnente PROGro-IN ko bnchudlea PROF VeIN) ad Oo comprling the prgrem —> Aletrg 9 RY The pHogaairy Sy cka+rg Oo ; i} @ othak ip comerlos, Unicom enol foodan 2 Oo ® Connprles + Cee - Which EYonglorep Sousjce phogyvety knto i objeck progyam. &} eee issn u which brongtokes objeck pomrmam inte. a Executable phogrom. at : i) Loakes ._ noe: 2 Provident by operoking, SYRLOM , Ns Cooo0g ogg c°o ol! f> at, oO “~ Nd Secondlory Stegg Ee main pero eee SOI09, * Cannpeling ond ‘Lin teding aol Exe cution eur cee Prgram +o woo am om pe Wie WRN Coul objeck AE include Cxogtreahy-h> FF irchuola. 2 conte h> donk toi C3 i CLHSeH% C ds COVE 221024 eMdh i cove Ze 6 2c emalh « W cous “£2 Erue Le emo’ Cove 24 “e+ t"£2 endl; ACLs oO, % ~—ms ale lo cs CHF Onn e ule be eee T DY Roe 7 ‘ © the. obeve pacsrem oktgploy compite Avie C9903, becouse AM The compihang Aoep ner Supper e boohoo Volindp btyue , folpe 3 a ; GS @ vhor ue oitFerence bextweeny fa onol enc 2 \.: o ®- = Ww ap cated Escape Sequence - Oo "> Zk eceupy ome byte ob spece- oO enn > - j oO 7 ~ Ik Bo tnowiputobor o J Tk loop Vet occupy ame BRS ony Spoce. oO . oO The fanctionekty ob \n ond endt YY Sewe becuupe bekh AMGenee oe vecskne. ao OO Locek voSvoblhep »_ oO own Nw ; iy og @ — whar sp Vorsoble 9 Fa OM > vorxreble A covveotnen , Which contained Value gy > Vosxobhe Y armored memory Iocettom Which hod Value, oO ns @ wher iy Loco voriobhe 4 7 oo @& K A voSvebhe dachkosecl pogthe Function yy © @UEA hocot vosve-ble Q K ctt+ atlorrg ke Aeclored Jocet \orablog ¢ we ony chene Cokh bn che Punce?ong- POOCOCKOCO0900DDO00DO ay Oo ° PK PHOBIA OW, OCR Corn be Aideol Avisignr4-tYypept = 2 Doke. ASea . a Heop Ax.ca.. = > Stack AXen. JF Text mea. ChemackeniZe(’e® ob Locok VoSwatbhep + _ wees mans —~_o > Tape -- oe : hota bi Deketupe which ip letra kype ob Value hebol by Vesvoble, DSOPE + THe scape ob ocak Vodtatple. re wekh ky Function. A nkttod volue i- wen wwe 7 gos bege | un lenowr > be Ertne + ene wrk The exectutron fuynctron, ? Stboxege ._ oes Stec. WK Eveny Phosrehy) the PEO VG SYZreH BOVeavEe The memony by oliveding tvto fous, bhectep. TENE Ao The Mcode- which hep tobe pP%ccope 47 hoodch MWe Tee o820. Sykes + Aorc-kK9PE — Voxkable-nawme, “--/ PREP) o> * R -Lecer vosvoblhog Se cothedl omkelmorrt vorcolecony Oke Vo3cotho MR euto 4 a Sbonage ds c~ chogp, PRODON) + VY UY ocak VoRleabiep, oF bycluocle. CLoRL.CAIM - WD FE bn clucke Zconte h > Le Met ¢ ) s ae wk x,y} CMA SCH, oy, Covk ZéAé% ce Oncdtk <2y) HetvanN o, ¥ ofp: - dMbeZe yosro-bhop, | o ) 0000000000 le é ) Oo 9 o a SZ oO eS 3 Pooogogoooo¢ Toi Ji LE 2S + _ ~N BRR RY ww %K cleckasung 2 VaXvable by PRG ing Value cee SUPPER ko EYpep oy Miki Lerokionp Ih Slade, ike i rekon - 2 Bynemte bnik Lizekion: Ex: 7 nk X54 Te Ip dechaxarion. AN KM ttoy —3 LY Inxki Maakon, Stokic IMtkt Kaoton. 7 TaN nr * Dechesing aAVowobhe by oPegnivg — - Volue - : Covgtowe *AY coed of Sktat’e miikkhizabeoy SYMON 6 NNN dokokype Vorablenowre = Compkowt Value, Ex:. me ot lo; ~ KR A Vole apegnol ko khe vad Varebhe ‘nam by Cowypshes, AY coted Steric Wiki ki zakvoy, Dynowntec Imckilizabron ann ww on J AP voluee wheth o&e ofegnen ko The VEebhe note jena by The COMPLE AY colleof Aynanic intke Maok on: 3 2m MVP Aype VoXNobhe Ho apUgnedt Expreggion, mo PROBA eo _ owt U Finck eo. ob Ahiong ho Te . Bepe 1.5 QO HE include CkoRtvectn-h> Heignk 2-6 oO HE bn cluole CcOMo hs A%Ce .S TE Oo ime Moin ¢ ) oe L oO Fleok bepe = 1.5 » heighk = VBE} Stoke oO Cove <2 "\n Dope" Lebo pe, eee COVE Le" wy Morgen hegnr: oO Feat arte - og x bere Rhegink 3-3 oynowmnic O 7 dnvikiligeke Cok ae \wn PAC oy banonghe 2a os20,, md hekuoaw o,' : oO y a] HOD, ee Oo YT WRMEC O PIOZre-hy Co Yeed Nome Three a , SubjeceP MoeKXteQ omnol coletlabe tohal onmot u Averege. O co) HE In clirole z *koReveam, hp 7 do cture Come hrs Ane bein 64 a cha ome Cio} L i wre SubI , Svb2, Svb3 ; ; 7 AN SCH C Fi () | { 20001 SPOOO000 090 9000 ey ¢ cout £2" 10 tapur reme.“ ° can >> ewe | cout 2a" \o Ivpurk 3 subject foe 9" CAW >> sub! >> subs >> Svb3} imk totel = sub} +Sib. +sub3 } © Phaetk avg - botos/3-0 : sey \ covEz 2 | Nowe.” Zename , \ COUE C4 "\ Totes" Ze bool ; cok ce" lo Auge aug , nekwan 0, Eee % K Exkroct'on Peover oY C77) com Feack LY One coRol hy St%ivg bub con wk veo Mere Thay NZ HORA Ay Seay, ® cout PES Ferm bby dodo le Lon Fer rrotteol cpeokonp Morripulokong ._ ww NYY Xe coupep & Speci fre operolvoy) bo be pes,fytnoct on H~ Streem. (UREA bo formot The oloko. li fploy. RK MRE commenty used mornipuoker? oe Sek yy and endh RK Set preaiwon ¢ ), Seb Cy SebiOS Flogh ec, ode othes, hod pubotor 2. coe 7 aa x Monip Wer AY oe Foun Ueto Erce nukes by re m4 ko pensecm asetgaon Serrrakedk orepur sperotrong K Thepe Fanct’ond one ovalkeble dn Lomonip.h Bleck Leyel Vostetohop”. OND C++ Supreme AF Fovenk Kypep oy block. 1- FUMmétion black. : 2- condlidtoynt blac. 3° Tketmaktones block, 4 Anvotnoup block. % Vesoblep decladecl wMm2velo-e function blocy, ore _ CoMead hocer vasa hep. oOoooo00c0o0o0 aco 2 RK The Veseblep decloread neicle ‘he. Hee && The black -ere cottact block hovel Vor'ctlep oO K CH SuppArk hree kypep ob Voobhep Globo WMobhe ama Aosat veecoble arwol black Aevel Vertebleg, ny fy chomactexrigtrce oly bloc Aoves Vox oblep . —oee oon aN QO “Seepe s- wkth nm bhocle- a ibe ba : : ie: : : AES Ee. tka The block Ay ere cuted Arvitres Value - - Bor.bage Nn > SERGE 2- Stack, Q Oo © a) 2PoOoooooeooo Co oO 8 * SF hlecet ones blacks Aeve variolbhe cokkty Seema. nownge, sei VoSieble con't ncce re “wk in) block. Babel PERL, ‘= Cony Extenves vexerble + ® The Vosableg which ose oleckoreol OF 7he bop ob The P%9vem and ‘cur Bole Khe Fun ckroy Called Dhobar Voxcosshop. “here. vorsio-bhep ode Nee Seccvved| RK c++ MP ok & pure obJCck ovieneect become jk SLPPRA Ahobol VoSlolap hich sp ageingt Encapewation CXR eet inclule ZiStveohvh> FE enclude 2 commo-h> dv Plobor Vartabie ChSCCLER REIL ob @lobaA Vodtatsop . _ er wow io i. wees Stcpe + _ aw * wikh wn PHO ray ibe Gime ~ Teer urirk program v execureol Steve-ge ._ AKT Dake. Gype. Jrnileiok Value. o ODN OS ie —o Ff loaok —o-o9 Chos, pore CMM printable P\o - chase cees.p Ftimelude 2 xogexeam rh> Hf inclucle £eomte hy . Mk MO yd gotrat VoSwaphe 9 dine Moin cy 2 ¢ 0 dae re) 2D locel YorLable oO Cout& aoe Ie ° CUE eey dy 56 RELKVS, : = VAM oO : ; : oO Ex: ou £5 Ae ime 22.€ KORRES, h> 7 Hf boc lide £ comtehy ‘ Me K IJ0; ee Brave main © y = g 0 Anke Y 220, X =Jo,, ry COuk ce x) —>d30 Z COUE ZY yy tf , D do O Cove Zé tr y0 — 10 Av 6 SeepPe Heveloukion epeFoaro, Crs) - 7 wa BOT ROAR BRO Sere ZF jocart andl lobes vonreblep eihp Seme name Biloba vorroble 4 He FOveadk csckt () dry, Fun ction VIN YG Scxpe reveloveyten operates cz) ~ ce PA ¢ o oO »OoO00 000908 cso Ne 7 Modatugh ono @ Exod The ovl put AE NR sy Anke tale ——-—___ 5 globe! Véscoble ank MAC t . donk % 220; 2 hecor Vorrabls Cove 42 MOG E L wk Xs 30; ——3 block hover Vorohie Cur ce x; 26 COE 2 Fie 7 CUEPLE . CVEPVE t- 26 36 10 @ Fine ovbpur 7 ve OC = 20, ANE Moin (9 £ ane J = 30; CHE ZL 3 XX —3 26 Ceuk 2a J, 339 Recess 6, Cove Za x, ) 20 HELLA 6; % ovEPUE 3 20 30 46 oO See ys Cc J 7 my ee 7 > when fed wiih numrenice They wikk be ueeleged Rghk Guhti tied» Go EX .- cout 2e Setw Ce} Aa SUM Eo erolL; oO VepuUr 5 (2g oO 7 Go Ex. H include CkoRtream: h> o We include < conte h> o FE umclude Sf komorip-h> | 3 Due mon ©) 7 ofp 5 6 lo Me oe 210, Yr 200, 2 = 200)" oO 2.00 3000 ChASCY € dv pa COVE ZE SetweS) Ze x Ze ernolL a] cue fe Setweegy C4 Y LL end oO cove ee Setwos) C42 Le ert, Cy retuay, oy Cy x £ SeEFIUC) ._ oO wees > Inthe divploy the Urrvped PORLECOWE ob the Oo Fahd ose FiMek wilh white spaces by detnule.- G3 By Ling SCEAAC1 we con AM Lhe umvueeet POL ee op us wkh the degs neo chojactes . QO Sy” Cane oe Q ; See Fi C"#"). O "> 7 o> o > ~ a a cOCO9 OC OO O08 cout cesee sr Cteé J 22 Sétw cio) 226250 Keer; Ut pub > *X KX ¥K 5150 Set precésron C) . VV wae > By eee Meee Fleoking numbesp axe printed wih Ligith abeer The decctnot point. D we can specefy whe mumbes of gree to be ARplayed aber the decchwl peak - > MHP caw be lone hy uging The setpreci zon ¢ 5 Momipwlokorr EX - Court ce SCEPYC céQtom ¢ 20, Sloot n = 12-122uUS COU £290 226 OC Y OvEpue 2 (2-123 Fim atpur 7 # inclwole. FE bachucte. Kconichs # include Zko3t3.20n b> donk trot ¢ ; t Flok as lo; Cev Fee SC preci gion, co. Jffa; retuvan o, 3 Ot pwr + lo. *% SekpreccQion veep rot ALphay Pprectyion umtrh wnkopg Tha Volud oxe Same. ,precigcon..' a? m or O90050 06 G3 ™, @ pene epur ? Ft include CLR ERO. > # include ovepve FH kincluoe Ziemonip-hs 1-23 ink moi co) (-4s% = : Fook O=N224G bs bhUséET, Ahasen cy Cee Le. SLE MKON C27 Led 22 enol; Cork se See Prec’ gon 63) Zab 7 e Heber 0; e % O Ste prec’Zien perform Kuo PEA OK MOY re ras) TroMcok(ng (ity Rome. O O ee. : _ SebiosflegZ cy ._ = nN IO 2 KMD tp used fos FUN juge;frcarion e.g. lobt & MEH EX - cout ec Sekxos Flog oChoS 2: rKghe),: oO y SOVEZL SC Sebros Hoge cxoS 2: Lobe} 7 o *% UPA Foy dkogployeng Pak field tn fexedt cacgaent)fre MNotekion o ad Ex '- covt 22 sotsossfheg? Cros ti KueA) CUE LE Sek sos Flagg ¢ sors: Screw fte9 \ 1 eoo0o oo 0000090 © Q yn Oo 20 oy see *K UREA For, oipphory ing MPatlng FIP. Mapuqtherte Feta . EX! coutee Sekiog flogZ ca 2 Shesporyr) y clegg K Ufo SoH ARploy ing pogekives PEs coves Sak sos Flagg C ios clapg PROBA vw TE bncluole Ztomonp. b> F bnoclucia. ZLOBEMOM-h> FE Ion chrrda. £ conao-h> done trac ) & anne Arto, b=-20 . ELASCAH C y; xBn.- 21, ShowPos); Vv. Paki nidaniputero9, ofp +lo CoUe ZL. Seb Los Flags cxos:: Shevspos) 22.0 Zeon, COVE LS Set £08 Slog g chide: HAetvan oj Phogaanm + oom TE include. Zio t3acm-hy # boclole 2 conte: h> HE kneluole £ Fomannt P-h > Ane brain ¢ y L Floor aio » Chaser Cy Cove 2a Setkosfhoge Cioe:: Hetvsn Oo 3 SheoposyZe fy 7 ve {0- 000009 Shewpoine cea, % Sholspotres bp ploy Py” pre cizion? C ole Farle wien ben 9 of PreaiRtevigy 2207 eo Es 9 PRODRA AN « a Pe tchucle £LogtReein-hs o 7 # dr cducle. 46K e-h> : 93 # Fncluche 2 omamip-hs pat ime Mein cy rs te o 1-Setoo $ : oO hook =I £ OES oO CAASCA © ) 6 . cout ce oO Ze enol / . oO COU Le Set Los Flogg Cros: + SaemkiFre yeaa 7 reran 0, o % oO : oO TP Stroy Flo.gQ Cree: rect ) +s octet Fovinat SeEKS FleERCcoS:: hex) : hexa fommate 7 0) Note ._ oO octet ounck here. uRedt OY cocky Ay C€BER come Q UFCA Wwikh Flock 2. - i PHB VON +, oy WIN , FE include ZKOZEA CoMsh>S €) FE RCA ZY conte b> O 4 ky cluco. Lfotmowtprh> C3) dave Main 4 Fe ~t L. dove X65: gO LAVA, c oa Oo COVE cee Le ent; on Cove £4 RN tios$ ogg Coos rocky eey QO la cove 2z. Sek /og Flagg Cios:+ hex) 2or,: rebvgn oe, ? 7 ComeEnok Semrckumeg 07 Stake menkR m CI nae own Om 9 Thege oe dividad - imko Three Eypep, © condtkional . Stake tenkp > Oo @ UN—Conditfomoh -Storetrenle?, o @® Looping Stokerene, 9 De Foude Shoes oF eee PHOBYa i SOquenks ° oh. Zn aug oM TheP Skotemenke oe pecegged yin ora © by one C Sequantiok o1da) Zn Holes +e chommge The flocs : oF ExCcuk Vy o progYeh) LO UH contqmh SbeocLOMeneh, ° seomnoliktorah StcakemenkS 1 oO ® Moving Execution corks,ei FYomn one place be oxvtha Oo place beget on Condikton, * Thepe Ba AWo kypep. D peergron MeKINg Statement Cik) QD selection Staremenk CSetkeh y €} i Sore ee oa Ie ® Mevep The exe@cuklon conk%od boveot on velo) oO Value oF comadckton] hooclaon ExXpregecen, Oo there wo eYypep, i oO Sit ple he @ +M-ebe UO . Q Grrrreeeeeeedeeertee reat O- QD vested ig: ©) NY © — simpla-ie +- nee Are Ke Ls sterement wither elpe bloc. XH Uy Seckemenk wikhorly ona blocte C True blocky SY rroNt + wees Gy Mr Cencprergeony StokeMenve} Cony Ge Cempreperony 1\] as Q Stokem erect “SEoFeMenk 2,' Flow chaste . DARA TOR CXPVE LO oY) ' i 5 H w w Oo9Oeocoogacoa3 Gg ooo 000000000039000| oO Oo oO Ly PHOG TON) rn WALER co Progve-ty ‘ko Aeool Meme, age, of PEAYN ara Elgibhe ko vote FE imeludla. < fem jostrest. h> FH smclude < conte-hy de fat 7) - 7 é ) chor, meme C207» Ane ge, AA SEA, ¢ YY COVES "ag Tnpue Nomol’. “72 can >> ~MIane._ cei “Wy Enpve ages, CM >> age. _ As Cogoa >a 13) eovtece ° Eleg bho Soy voke “ze \t" LE MOMe : webu, °; : OvEPUE «+ ae * Eapue Nowe + blo Enpue Age: ar ELigbhe Ser vote. bala. * le skakement con bo EerArvinared with Semicolen (7) de doe mt hae ee block, Me KY Rene makeol erckh Seinicoham feamR de doep nok eve omy Stareinenk ip executed Tha Condition ay krue. . Ay -Cexprepgcon) ‘Stokr!emenk —} , £3 Stokemenk-xv,' K Excpregewog - ae crue The Kwo Storemenr? ora Emcee Cok, i ee Stokemenke - 1: Skarement- a RR Exprepeion Fale the Searemenk 2 #Y Execued Ae Skakemenk-2,. @ ib- ee. fe IIe * An fe skorement Followed oy onckhes, bheck Celye ) Syke? 5 Ye # As C ereprepgion) Qo “SEakeMm en) ,* QO pe 2 Storement 2," O Me Ome prema YeCU_N Ven -z0%,9 CEYUC) Cxeee £3 SkabremM ey | © RLF Ore preegrony YeEVGM ZoEr C falley Execure oO Sbokemente 2, i) Synken . O Ses * a . ; oO Ar CREP TER Bon » 7 5 oO Stokement 1, QO Skaremenka » oO eooooo oo CGGO 4 " i D D 2.0 4 oO SEareIM ee 3; Stokremenk 43: i ~ * The abwo Syren yp Execucing tr ( pha. Seohemery PHog9rom + Ten WHEE eo progyain to Yeoh a Chodackes ora Fina vowed oy Mole FE tmcludle < ostream, h> # Beye Lick, Jak trata © 4 is choy ch, chy §em ¢ Lt Covkee ny Teput Pry characte; " . cim o> ch; AeC ch =2'A‘ ll chea'g¢'1 che ='z! Ir chea'o! I ches 'u') Ove Za." Wy Nowe"! + ‘ COUELE “Vay ok Vowes | Y vretuny o; % bt. eu. 7 Fopue Ref chaecten: A \rowek Enpuc Ory choactes, : a, TOE Vowel. Mr C erpreggoeng y ge Staxemeni | Storement s_. eRe Stokemenc3,: 4 WR Me exprepgion Ap true Ak execurer Straremont ome, Fwo aml Three, KR EF exprepwon 7 felpe ih Steremenk| 4p skip onot * RRCOUEP ~SareMent ond Storementk3- PROG aN) a Nnns * WES & Program ke Fol Fiven NUNN ben, Ay NEY) O% odkaly FH bn clude cost reo-m. h> # imchuole Loomte-h> ‘ Coven" WM Enpuk Any Numba 2s ckne> ium, ooo00o0o00gocgo 2 an Sw! © oO ooo$s ary © qo ocoocoono ooo s0og ) oy a Me Gccecacooocosn y Ls uy) ko sso) Cole? ce Y Even Numnbed,". epe cout 4 2“ odd Numbes," . 4 rebuay °; t ove ple Don pue Avy inumbes, La Eveyy Numbes,, , Zopve Pry Num bes, . 7 odel Num bes, PHOFTON) - Nr ” WARES Oo PYOgKat bo Find given Yeon iy Heap Yeo or mole. HE Pnduote Knic train © 5 t ' vane Och, RASCH C jy cote a "S\N Txnyput Avy Yeas: SAN >> Yeos,,: be © Feo /. 4 = =o) couUtec “ Leop yeos, ebpe coutea'. Toe Leop Feo," 4 retuny oy * ‘. oUlePueE 3 owen TN Pvt YoX t 20q9 Inpve yes + 2016 pA % To Evaltake Tre mubkdpla comolitrorn ko vk Abe Olpo - bp . at SYWro-n + © : - S Ms CerxepreK2ony-1) o Stren ek ly eve © Me Cereprergon.7 5 Oo SEOFEMe Ws ope 7 oO Sbakement — x 9° 9 oO o odo © ke oocoo0go oo Oos » ococ oor Ur Cex pregeor-t) Soke Mee Ly ee ils C exprepeon-2) Stokem ent 2 Ape Me Cexepreegion 3, Storem ernk 3," 7 eye. : i Storementc x PROP rO--Y) At ait 1 ORE oO Program ko Send Mariof Three Nurybes,p, Hf inclucle. node tree cy Q mk rb, ©, ASCs C7) coteea “WW Input oa, bc: e CIN ADbS> cy le Carb mare ) coe ce “An a AF maximums 22a 7 ebpe ke Choe) coubce “Vo b maretmunn:" 22 b> ape coucce * “ne Je Masvimun + § ‘eee, YeEUVAN o,' % ove puc + Topic e,b,c Volueps lo 20 30 wer : Cc Ap maximum + 30 EOpVe ayb.c! Value. (9 G 2 om Fay Mmoximem : io Progron ; EEEEE OUEC a PYegvan bo find Znpue choectes Alphaber, digit om Spector Choroctes, FF include c, Joskveam. h> # imetude < conco-hy de main cj : t Chas, ch; clasem cy, cout > ch; Me Cech >z'a! BK Che='y! I Ch>slo! ae chéc'2! Cok ce"\n Alpha ber “) eve Lr Cch ?olo! R& che='q!) Cove ce “\y degre * eye COVE Ze "\ Specrak Cho acter, oe yetvan 0, P - SUepUE Tan put fry -chonackey~ 9 olpheber Inpve Fing chesiacteo, » 5 deg Fumpve any chonochon> 2 2

You might also like