Amazon web services

● Development of flexible applications by providing solutions for elastic

infrastructure scalability, messaging, and data storage.
● Accessible through SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) or RESTful
(Representational State Transfer) Web service interfaces
● Expenses computed on a pay-as-you-go basis.
1.Compute services
● fundamental element of cloud computing systems.
● Amazon EC2, which delivers an IaaS solution.
● Amazon EC2 allows deploying servers in the form of virtual machine
images. (The processing power is expressed in terms of virtual cores)
● Images come with a preinstalled operating system and a software
stack.
Six major EC2 instances/categories:
1. Standard instances.
2. Micro instances.
3. High-memory instances.
4. High-CPU instances.
5. Cluster Compute instances.
6. Cluster GPU instances
2. Storage Service -Amazon S3
• S3 stands for Simple Storage Service.
• S3 provides developers and IT teams with secure, durable, highly
scalable object storage.
• It is easy to use with a simple web interface to store and retrieve any
amount of data from anywhere on the web.
• It is Object-based storage, i.e., you can store the images, word files,
pdf files, etc.
• The files which are stored in S3 can be from 0 Bytes to 5 TB.
• It has unlimited storage means that you can store the data as much
you want.
• Files are stored in Bucket. A bucket is like a folder available in S3
• S3 is a universal namespace, i.e., the names must be unique globally.
Bucket contains a DNS address.
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) provide EC2 instances with
persistent storage in the form of volumes that can be mounted at
instance startup.

• EBS volumes normally reside within the same availability zone of the
EC2 instances that will use them to maximize the I/O performance.

• Amazon ElastiCache implementation of an elastic in-memory cache

based on a cluster of EC2 instances.
• ElastiCache cluster can be dynamically resized according to the
demand of the client applications.
Structured Storage Solutions
Amazon provides applications with structured storage services in three
different forms:
1. Preconfigured EC2 AMIs,
2. Amazon Relational Data Storage (RDS), and
3. Amazon SimpleDB
Preconfigured EC2 AMIs are predefined templates featuring an
installation of a given database management system.
EC2 instances created from these AMIs can be completed with an EBS
volume for storage persistence.
IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Sybase,
and Vertica
• RDS is relational database service that relies on the EC2 infrastructure
and is managed by Amazon. Developers do not have to worry about
configuring the storage for high availability, designing failover
strategies, or keeping the servers up-to-date.

• Amazon SimpleDB is a lightweight, highly scalable, and flexible data

storage solution for applications that do not require a fully relational
model for their data
3.Communication services
➢ Virtual Networking
● Virtual networking comprises a collection of services that allow AWS users to control the
connectivity to and between compute and storage services.

● Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and Amazon Direct Connect provide connectivity
solutions in terms of infrastructure.

● Flexibility in creating virtual private networks within the Amazon infrastructure and beyond.

➢ Messaging.

● Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS),

● Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS), and

● Amazon Simple Email Service (SES)

 Google AppEngine
• Google AppEngine is a PaaS implementation.
• Distributed and scalable runtime environment that leverages Google’s
distributed infrastructure to scale out applications.
• The platform is logically divided into Five major components:

1. Infrastructure- (Servers in the Google Data center)

2. Runtime environment –(Java, Python, and Go--Sandboxing which is

isolated and protected)
3. Storage

Static file servers

➢ ● Dynamic and static data.

➢ ● Dynamic data - logic of the application and the interaction with the user.

➢ ● Static data constitute of components that define the graphical layout of the application

(CSS files, plain HTML files, JavaScript files, images, icons, and sound files) or data files.

DataStore
➢ ● DataStore is a service that allows developers to store semistructured data.

➢ ● DataStore is based on Bigtable a redundant, distributed, and semistructured

➢ ● data store that organizes data in the form of tables.

4. Application services –
➢(Caching services by means of MemCache)

UrlFetch-
➢The sandbox environment does not allow applications to open arbitrary
connections.

➢HTTP/HTTPS by means of the UrlFetch service

➢Mail and instant messaging

➢Account management
5.Compute services
➢Immediate feedback and notification once the operation is completed

➢ Task Queues:allow applications to submit a task for a later execution.

➢Cron jobs : Schedule the required operation at the desired time

➢Set up a billing account and be charged on a pay-per-use basis.

➢ Developers to identify the appropriate daily budget.

 MICROSOFT AZURE
Built on top of Microsoft datacenters infrastructure and
provides with collection of services.

Services range from compute, storage, and networking to

application connectivity, access control, and business
intelligence.
1. Compute Services
• Virtual machine role
➢ allows to fully control the computing stack of compute service by defining
a custom image of Windows Server OS & their applications.
➢ Hyper-V virtualization technology.
➢ Developers can image Windows server installation into a Virtual Hard Disk
(VHD)
➢ Roles are managed by Azure OS.
• Web role
➢ The Web role is designed to implement scalable Web applications.
➢ hosted on the IIS Web Server
➢ .NET technology supports Web roles; developers can directly develop their
applications in Visual Studio, test them locally, and upload to Azure.
➢ Used to run and scale PHP Web applications on Azure.
• Worker role

➢Worker roles are designed to host compute services on Azure.

➢Quickly provide compute power or to host services.

➢ Runs continuously from the creation of its instance.

➢Azure SDK provides APIs and libraries that allow connecting the role
with the service provided by runtime and easily controlling its startup
2 Storage Services
• Azure Blobs: A massively scalable object store for text and
binary data.
• Azure Files: Managed file shares for cloud or on-premises
deployments.
• Azure Elastic SAN (preview): A fully integrated solution that
simplifies deploying, scaling, managing, and configuring a SAN
in Azure.
• Azure Queues: A messaging store for reliable messaging
between application components.
• Azure Tables: A NoSQL store for schemaless storage of
structured data.
• Azure managed Disks: Block-level storage volumes for Azure
VMs
3. Networking services for applications are offered under the name
Windows Azure Virtual Network, which includes Windows Azure
Connect and Windows Azure Traffic Manager.

Windows Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN) is the content

delivery network solution that improves the content delivery
capabilities of Windows Azure Storage
4 AppFabric
AppFabric is a comprehensive middleware for developing, deploying, and managing
applications on the cloud.
Access control
AppFabric provides access control to resources in Web applications
Applications can leverage Active Directory, Windows Live, Google, Facebook, and
other services to authenticate users
Service bus
Messaging and connectivity infrastructure
Service Bus allows applications to interact with different protocols and patterns
over a reliable communication channel that guarantees delivery.
Azure cache
Azure Cache is a service that allows developers to quickly access data persisted on
Windows Azure storage or in SQL Azure
 SQL Azure
➢SQL Azure is a relational database service hosted on Windows Azure
and built on the SQL Server technologies.

➢The service extends the capabilities of SQL Server to the cloud and
provides developers with a scalable, highly available, and fault-
tolerant relational database.

➢Service is manageable using REST APIs, allowing developers to control

databases.
 Scientific Applications
• Healthcare: ECG analysis in the cloud

• Cloud computing technologies allow the remote monitoring of a patient’s

heartbeat data, data analysis in minimal time, and the notification of first-
aid personnel and doctors
• Wearable computing devices equipped with ECG sensors constantly
monitor the patient’s heartbeat.
• Heart information is transmitted to the patient’s mobile device, which will
eventually forward it to the cloud-hosted Web service for analysis.
• The Web service constitute the SaaS application that will store ECG data in
the Amazon S3 service and issue a processing request to the scalable cloud
platform
• Each of these jobs consists of operations involving the extraction of
the waveform from the heartbeat data and the comparison of the
waveform with a reference waveform to detect anomalies.

• If anomalies are found, doctors and first-aid personnel can be notified

to act on a specific patient.

• advantage is the elasticity and ubiquity

• Biology: protein structure prediction
• Protein structure prediction is a computationally intensive task
• The computational power required for protein structure prediction
can now be acquired on demand from Cloud
• One project that investigates the use of cloud technologies for protein
structure prediction is Jeeva .
• The prediction task uses machine learning techniques (support vector
machines) for determining the secondary structure of proteins.
• A popular implementation based on support vector machines divides
the pattern recognition problem into three phases:
• initialization, classification, and a final phase.
• Scalability and Parallel computing
Biology: gene expression data analysis for cancer diagnosis
Gene expression profiling is the measurement of the expression levels
of thousands of genes at once.
It is used to understand the biological processes that are triggered by
medical treatment at a cellular level
Together with protein structure prediction, this activity is a
fundamental component of drug design, since it allows scientists to
identify the effects of a specific treatment.
Another important application of gene expression profiling is cancer
diagnosis and treatment
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and
proliferation.
TO provide a more accurate classification of tumors.
• the eXtended Classifier System (XCS) has been successfully utilized for
classifying large datasets in the bioinformatics and computer science
domains
• Cloud-CoXCS (see Figure 10.3) is a cloud-based implementation of
CoXCS that leverages Aneka to solve the classification problems in
parallel and compose their outcomes.

• Because of the dynamic nature of XCS, the number of required

compute resources to execute it can vary over time.
• Therefore, the use of scalable middleware such as Aneka offers a
distinctive advantage
Geoscience: satellite image processing
Geoscience applications collect, produce, and analyze massive amounts
of geospatial and nonspatial data.
Geographic information system (GIS) applications capture, store,
manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically
referenced data.
wide variety of application domains: from advanced farming to civil
security and natural resources management.
Satellite remote sensing generates hundreds of gigabytes of raw images
Large images need to be moved from a ground station’s local storage to
compute facilities
SaaS application provides a collection of services for such tasks as
geocode generation and data visualization
• CRM and ERP
• Customer relationship management (CRM) and enterprise resource
planning (ERP) applications are market segments that are flourishing in the
cloud
• Cloud CRM applications constitute a great opportunity for small enterprises
and start-ups to have fully functional CRM software without large up-front
costs and by paying subscriptions.
• The possibility of having access to your business and customer data from
everywhere and from any device, has fostered the spread of cloud CRM
(Salesforce)
• Pre sales, Post sales service, marketing campaigns, customer DB, SaaS
• ERP systems integrate several aspects of an enterprise: finance ,
human resources, manufacturing, supply chain management,
project management and CRM.
• SAP and ORACLE
• Productivity
• Dropbox and iCloud
• document storage Availability anywhere, at any time, and from any
Internet-connected device
• Dropbox provides users with a free amount of storage
• iCloud, a cloud-based document-sharing application provided by
Apple to synchronize iOS-based devices
• Documents, photos, and videos are automatically synched as changes
are made
• Google Docs is a SaaS application executed on top of the Google
distributed computing infrastructure
• Applications, called cloud desktops, are rapidly gaining in popularity.
• EyeOS is one of the most popular Web desktop solutions based on
cloud technologies.

• It replicates the functionalities of a classic desktop environment and

comes with pre-installed applications
• Social networking- Facebook

• LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP).

• querying a distributed cluster of MySQL instances, which mostly

contain key-value pair
• Media applications-Animoto

• Quickly creating videos out of images, music, and video fragments

submitted by users
• Users only have to define the storyboard by organizing pictures and
videos into the desired sequence.
• video-rendering request is entered into a queue
• implemented on top of the Amazon Web Services infrastructure
• Worker nodes pick up rendering requests and perform the rendering.
• EC2 instances is controlled by Rightscale, which constantly monitors
the load and the performance