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Antiplatelet Drugs Overview

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Neil Tungbaban

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discuss the different antiplatelet drugs

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Antiplatelet drugs are medications that inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clot formation and
reducing the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. There are several types of
antiplatelet drugs available, each with its own mechanism of action and clinical indications. Here are
some of the commonly used antiplatelet drugs:

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid): Aspirin is one of the oldest and most widely used antiplatelet drugs. It
inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing the production of thromboxane A2, a potent
platelet aggregator. Aspirin is primarily used for secondary prevention in patients with a history of heart
attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular diseases.

P2Y12 receptor inhibitors:

Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel is an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor that blocks ADP-mediated platelet activation.
It is commonly used in combination with aspirin for the prevention of stent thrombosis after coronary
artery stenting and for secondary prevention in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Ticagrelor: Ticagrelor is an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor that reversibly binds to the receptor, preventing
ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It is used in patients with acute coronary syndromes, both with or
without stenting.

Prasugrel: Prasugrel is another oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor that irreversibly blocks platelet aggregation.
It is primarily used in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent
placement, particularly in those at high risk of cardiovascular events.

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors:

Abciximab: Abciximab is an intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor that blocks the final step of platelet
aggregation. It is mainly used during PCI to prevent acute closure of the treated coronary artery and
reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Eptifibatide and tirofiban: These are other intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors used in the setting
of acute coronary syndromes or during PCI.

It's important to note that antiplatelet drugs increase the risk of bleeding, so their use should be
balanced with the individual's overall risk profile and clinical indications. The choice of antiplatelet
therapy depends on the specific clinical scenario and should be made in consultation with a healthcare
professional who can assess the patient's unique circumstances.

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