LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN

COURSE COMPACT
COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE COMPACT FOR: 2018/2019 ACADEMIC SESSION

Course
Course code: MCE 412
Course title (credit unit): Fluid dynamics and Aerodynamics
Credit unit: 2
Course status: Compulsory

Lecturer Data
Lecturer’s name: Engr. I. Ikpotokin
Qualifications: B.Eng. (Hons), M.Sc.
Unit: Mechanical Engineering
Department: Mechanical Engineering
College: College of Engineering
E-mail: ikpotokin.igbinosa@lmu.edu.ng
Office Location: Room A217 (Second college building)
Consultation Hours: Monday (3–5pm); Wednesday (10am–12pm)

INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

Course Description
Fluid can be represented as either gas or liquid. The behaviour of fluid in motion and their
interaction with boundary in the flow is referred to as fluid dynamics. The dynamics of fluid can
be classified into hydrodynamics, gas dynamics and aerodynamics. The study is essential for
predicting the forces, moments and heat transfer from body moving through fluid. The area to be
covered includes dynamics of inviscide flow, viscous flow and external flow. It will also treat
external flow, turbulence flow, boundary layer, thin airfoil theory, finite wing theory, and airfoil
design.
Course Justification
A good understanding of this course is require for the design, analysis and optimization of
engineering devices such as aircrafts, automotive, piping and transportation systems, process hat
transfer units, power generating and consuming systems, HVAC&R, etc.

Course objectives
At the end of the course, students should be able to
(i) Understand the fundamentals of fluid dynamics.
(ii) Know the flow variables affecting the performance of body moving through or
conveying fluid.
(iii) Design efficient aerodynamic body.
(iv)Determine the performance and sizing of body moving in air.
(v) Know the limitations of inviscide flow model
(vi)Choose and design suitable techniques for reducing flow separation.
Course Content
Inviscid flow concepts include: Euler equations, stream function, velocity potential, singularities,
vorticity and circulation laws. Viscous flow topics include boundary layers, separation and
turbulent flow. In addition, external flows lift and drag, thin airfoil theory; finite wing theory and
airfoil design will be discussed.

Course Expectations:
S/N GRADING SCORE (%)
1. Continuous Assessments
 C.A. I 7%
 C.A. II (Mid-semester) 15%
 C.A. III 8%
2. Final Examination 70%
3. Total 100

Course Delivery Strategies

Lecture, demonstration methods, writing on the board when the need arise, and PowerPoint
presentation.

Course Duration: 15 weeks

LECTURE CONTENT
MODULE 1: Fluid dynamics
WEEK 1: Introduction and basic concept
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
(i) Understand the importance of fluid flow in numerous field of applications.
(ii) Know the basic classification of fluid flow.
(iii) Determine the types of low in many engineering equipment.
(iii) Apply any of the method of study to evaluate fluid systems.
Description:
First Hour: Introduction, classification: inviscid and viscous flow, laminar and turbulent
flow, internal and external flow, compressible and incompressible flow, Second Hour:
Natural and forced flow, steady and unsteady flow, one- two- and three-dimensional
flow, uniform and non-uniform flow.
Study Questions:
1. Explain the following: hydrodynamics, aerodynamics and gas dynamics.
2. State difference between inviscid and viscous flow.
3. Under what condition(s) will flow be term as turbulent and laminar?
 4. What are fluids?
5. State five importance of studying fluid dynamics.

WEEK 2: Methods of fluid dynamic study

Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) Describe the methods for studying fluid dynamics.
(ii) Know some of the laboratory equipment for the experimental study.
(iii) Perform course related experiment in the laboratory.
(iv) Understand the advantages and limitations of each approach.
Description:
First Hour: Experimental method as well as the advantages and disadvantages. Flow
visualization method and its merits and demerits.
Second Hour: Computational approach and its advantages and disadvantages.
Study Questions:
1. What are the advantages of computational approach over experimental
technique?
2. Describe the flow visualization method.
3. State the limitations of flow visualization.
4. Can computational method replaced experiment in years to come? Explain.
MODULE 2: Invicid flow
WEEK 3: Fundamental of inviscid flow
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should:
(i) Understand the concept of inviscid flow
(ii) Write flow equations governing inviscid flow
(iii) Apply inviscid flow model in elementary flow
Description:
First Hour: Euler’s equation of fluid motion.
Second Hour: Rotational and irrotational flow.
Study Questions:
1. Using the Euler equation derive the Bernoulli equation.
2. Under what condition will fluid flow be term as rotational or irrotatioal?
3. What simplifications have been made, in the inviscide-flow, which result in the
elimination of the Reynolds number, Froude number, and Mach number as
important parameters?

MODULE 3: Potential flow

WEEK 4: Elementary flow
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should:
(i) identify conditions for potential flow
(ii) solve potential flow related problems
Description:
First Hour: Velocity potential and stream function
Second Hour: uniform flow, doublet flow, vortex flow.
Study Questions:
1. Derive the partial equations relating potential function and stream function for
two-dimensional polar coordinate system.
 u=− Ax υ= Ay
2. A two-dimensional flow and , where A is constant. Calculate
Γ
the circulation around the rectangular closed curve defined by ( x , y ) = (1,
1), (4, 1), (4, 3) and (1, 3).
WEEK 5: Vorticity, circulation and singularity law
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) Determine pressure distribution over a body without circulation.
(ii) Evaluate the lift over a body with circulation.
(iii) Understand the importance of singularity in aircraft wing analysis.
Description:
First Hour: vorticity and flow over a body with circulation.
Second Hour: Flow over a body without circulation and singularity law
Study Questions:
1. What are the sources of geothermal energy?
2. List the potential energy sources from the ocean.
3. What are the factors limiting the full exploitation of geothermal and ocean
energy?

MODULE 4: Viscous flow

WEEK 6: Resistance to flow
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) know the importance of fluid viscosity.
(ii) understand consequences of boundary layer.
(iii) know the velocity profile of flow over a body.
Description:
First Hour: Boundary layer theory and velocity profile.
Second Hour: Boundary layer equation (Navier-Stokes equation).
Study Questions:
1. Explain the phenomena of boundary layer development (diagram is essential).
2. What is viscosity?
3. Explain the role of viscosity in fluid flow.

MODULE 5: Flow separation

WEEK 7: Phenomena of flow separation
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) understand the effect of flow separation on body moving in fluid
(ii) know the techniques for reducing flow separation

Description:
First Hour: Phenomena of flow separation, effect on body moving in fluid and vortex.
Second Hour: Methods of reducing flow separation.
Study Questions:
1. What are the conditions responsible for flow separation?
2. What are the conditions for responsible for loss of lift?
 3. Explain the difference between a favorable and an adverse pressure gradient
in a boundary layer.
WEEK 8: Flow regimes: laminar and turbulent flows
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) classify flow into laminar and turbulent flow based on Reynolds number.
(ii) know the importance of turbulent flow.
(iii) calculate the drag and lift based on flow regime.
(iv) understand the flow regime commonly encountered in engineering
equipment.

Description:
First Hour: Laminar flow regime, boundary layer thickness and drag associated with
laminar.
Second Hour: Turbulent flows, boundary layer thickness, and drag applicable to
turbulent flow.
Study Questions:
1. Air flows parallel to a speed limit sign post along the highway at speed V =
8.5 m/s. The temperature of the air is 25°C, and the width W of the sign post
parallel to the flow direction (i.e., its length) is 0.45 m. Determine the flow
regime.
2. In order to avoid boundary layer interference, engineers design a “boundary
layer scoop” to skim off the boundary layer in a large wind tunnel (Fig. Q2).
The scoop is constructed of thin sheet metal. The air is at 20°C, and flows at V
= 45.0 m/s. How high (dimension h) should the scoop be at downstream
distance x = 1.45 m?

Fig.Q2.

WEEK 9: Mid-semester Examination

Objectives: To examine students in what has been taught in the course so far and evaluate
their preparation towards the end of the semester examination.

WEEK 10: Aerodynamics: External flow over airfoils

Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) know the importance of aerodynamics
(ii) understand key area of aerodynamic applications
(iii) know characteristics of airfoils
Descriptions:
First Hour: Importance of aerodynamics and airfoils nomenclature. Airfoil characteristics
and aerodynamic coefficients for some shape such as circular cylinder, flat plate, and
streamline body.
 Second Hour: Aerodynamic forces and moments centre of pressure for flow over airfoils.

Study Questions:
1. Describe the charateristics of airfoil.
2. What are the relevant aerodynamic forces on airfoils?
3. State the different between airfoils and finite wings.
WEEK 11: Thin airfoil theory
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) determine vortex strength distribution along the chord line
(ii) make the camber line a streamline of the flow
Descriptions:
First Hour: Quantitative development of thin airfoil theory. Development of equations
required for calculation of airfoil lift and moment with application to symmetric airfoils.
Second Hour: Using the resulting equation to solve some problems.
Study Questions:
1. Explain the concept of thin air foil.
2. Consider a thin flat plate at 5 degree angle of attack. Calculate the:
(i) lift coefficient, (ii) moment coefficient about the leading edge,
(iii) moment coefficient about the quarter-chord point, and
(iv) moment coefficient about the trailing edge.
WEEK 12: Finite wing theory
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
(i) know the difference between finite and infinite wing.
(ii) understand the geometrical characteristics of a finite wing.
(iii) know the effect of wing-tip vortex.

Description:
First Hour: Introduction, geometrical properties of finite wing, downwash and induced
drag.
Second Hour: Types of wings: swept wings, delta wings; Effect of wing-tip vortex,
vortex shedding

Study Questions:
1. Describe the geometrical properties of aircraft wing.
2. What are the consequences of wing-tip vortex?
WEEK 13: Airfoil design
Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
(i) Determine the forces acting on airfoils.
(ii) Evaluate the maximum lift-drag ratio
Description:
First Hour: Air design parameters: geometrical feature. Induced drag, parabolic drag and
lift.
Second Hour: Angle of attack and Maximum lift-drag ratio.
Study Questions:
 1. An aircraft has a wing span of 58 m, an average chord of 7.24 m, a C D0 =
0.016, and an   0.85. a) Write the expression for the parabolic drag polar
and b) find Emax and the corresponding CL.

WEEK 14: Revision

WEEK 15: Examination

Reading List:
1. Lecturer’s lecture notes.
2. Yunus A. Çengel And John M. Cimbala (2018). Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and
Applications, Fourth Edition, Mcgraw-Hill Education, Ny, USA.
3. John D. Anderson, Jr. (2011). Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill,
New York.
4. Erick D, (20150), Fundamentals of Turbomachinerm, Springer Science+Business Media
Dordrecht.

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