SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Assessing the Level of Acceptance of Portable Arduino-Based Health Monitoring Machine

(PArHMMa) as support for Community Health Care Needs

John Carlo Robles

Emily Jane Lepiten

Mafhei Al Thea Javier

Jomil Valdez

San Mateo Senior High School

SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

ABSTRACT

The Philippine healthcare system faces challenges in providing accessible and quality

care due to limited primary healthcare services, healthcare professional shortages, and a

lack of digitalization. Socio-economic disparities further contribute to unequal access and

high costs. Integrating technology-based solutions like the Portable Arduino-Based Health

Monitoring Machine (PArHMMa) can improve healthcare access and affordability, particularly

in remote areas. To assess the acceptability of PArHMMa, a study was conducted among 10

medical professionals and 15 non-medical professionals in urban communities of San Mateo

Rizal. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed, using validated survey

questionnaires reviewed by three experts in the STEM field. The study found that both

groups found PArHMMa highly acceptable, with no significant difference. The accuracy of

PArHMMa was comparable to standard temperature and pulse sensor instruments, with a

slight variation in readings compared to a standard thermometer and pulse oximeter.

Respondents provided suggestions to improve PArHMMa's accuracy, portability, and

materials

I. CONTEXT AND RATIONALE

Currently, Philippine health care systems is facing a huge problem in establishing its strong

foundation to support health problem of the Filipinos specially amidst the pandemic. According to

the article of MedHyve on 2021 titled “Problems Plaguing the Philippines’ Medical Care”, Philippines

face a lot more basic problems that prevent healthcare professionals from giving the best care that

they can. In the country, a significant portion of the population does not have access to essential

healthcare services. This is mainly due to insufficient availability of primary healthcare services,

which is further compounded by the lack of healthcare professionals in the country (MedHyve,

2021).In addition, the healthcare industry has not fully embraced digitalization, which could help

address some of the challenges faced by the sector. Furthermore, provincial hospitals have limited

access to medical supplies, further exacerbating the existing challenges. These issues have
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

highlighted the need for further improvements to the healthcare system in the Philippines, to ensure

that all citizens have access to quality and affordable healthcare services (MedHyve, 2021).

Moreover, significant social issues are reflected in the social health system in the Philippines

including the socio-economic and demographic differences in the Philippines. Particularly, these two

entities affect the delivery of health care system among Filipinos like the health care situation

experiences of the people who lives in the mountain ranges and remote areas in the Philippines. To

prove that, The Filipino Healthcare System has been characterized by the World Health

Organization (WHO) as "fragmented," with a track record of providing discriminatory and unequal

access to healthcare services, particularly impacting the underprivileged population. Due to the

limited budgetary allocation from the government, the program has high out-of-pocket costs,

contributing to the growing inequality between the affluent and low-income communities (Kenworthy,

2017). Within the country, traditional medicine, including the practices of "albularyo" or traditional

healers, remains an important aspect of healthcare for many people, especially those in rural areas.

While the government recognizes the value of traditional medicine and has created policies to

support its integration into the healthcare system, there are still concerns about safety, efficacy, and

quality control.

According to Deloitte's report, healthcare leaders should consider both the advantages of

medical technology advancement and the need to manage costs. The report suggests that some

Research and Development fields may offer innovations that are not accessible to low- and

middle-income groups (Bateman, 2022). Additionally, there is a lack of regulation and

standardization of traditional medicine practices, which can lead to potential health risks and

misinformation. The integration of traditional medicine into the healthcare system requires a careful

balance between preserving cultural heritage and ensuring patient safety and evidence-based

practice.

The application of computer technology in medicine has been steadily growing in the

Philippines, with the aim of aiding healthcare needs and improving health outcomes. Some
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examples of technology-based healthcare solutions in the Philippines include electronic health

records, telemedicine, and health information systems. These technologies help to streamline

healthcare delivery, improve patient care, and reduce costs. In particular, telemedicine has become

increasingly important in the Philippines, as it allows patients in remote or underserved areas to

access medical consultations and services without having to travel long distances. While there are

challenges to implementing technology-based healthcare solutions in the Philippines, such as

limited internet connectivity and the need for specialized training, their potential to improve access

to healthcare and health outcomes is promising.

The 21st Century plays a massive role in transforming the negative side of health care

system among the countries. Technologies greatly helps to assist primary health care needs of the

society and make it convenient for the health care providers to serve in a more population.

Technologies including Air Ventilation Systems, Heart Beat Monitors, Radiation equipment and

many more Health care machines greatly helps health professionals in supporting health care needs

of the people. As technology occupies the society, computer exist as one of the most functional

devices to be part of the health care machines. One of the most significant programmable computer

devices used in various electronic projects is the Arduino, a physical programmable microchip

controller.

Arduino is a platform that is accessible to the public for developing electronic projects. It is

an open-source software that comprises of a programmable circuit board that has physical and a

software package called IDE (Integrated Development Environment). The IDE is used to develop

and upload code to the physical board from your computer (Sparkfun). As cited in Sparkfun, the

Arduino hardware and software platform was created to cater to a broad audience that includes

artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, novices, and anyone with an interest in constructing

interactive objects or environments. The Arduino is compatible with a diverse range of devices such

as buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, smartphones, and

televisions. The affordable cost of hardware boards and free software, along with the user-friendly
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

interface, has led to the development of a vast community of users. The community members have

contributed their codes and provided guidance for an extensive range of Arduino-based projects.

Arduino boards are typically designed to run a single program on the microcontroller, with

the program serving various purposes such as blinking a LED or performing multiple actions in a

cycle. The specifics of the program's scope will vary based on its intended use. Once the

microcontroller is powered, the program loaded onto it will immediately begin executing, with a

function called "loop" allowing for actions such as reading a sensor, turning on a light, checking for a

condition, or any combination thereof. The program executes incredibly quickly, typically within

microseconds, depending on its size and the microcontroller's processing speed (Söderby, 2023).

Like any other computer based programmable software, physical Arduino also requires its own

language to make commands and prompts.

Arduino Language, is the most common coding language that is used to program an Arduino

board. The language commands for the Arduino were created before the hardware itself. In 2003,

Hernando Barragán created the language as part of his master thesis project, which involved

developing a system called Wiring. During the course of his research, Barragán tested the language

concepts with students from diverse programs. The language needed to be straightforward and

abstract enough to cater to artists, designers, as well as engineers (Laura, 2023).

Heart rate and body temperature are important parameters for monitoring human health.

Heart rate represents the number of heartbeats in a minute, which is also known as pulse rate. The

pulse rate can be measured by detecting an increase in blood flow volume and counting the pulses.

Monitoring heart rate and temperature of a person is crucial for maintaining good health and

preventing health issues from arising in the first place. Changes in heart rate and temperature can

be early indicators of health problems, such as infections or heart disease. Regular monitoring of

these vital signs can help detect issues before they become more serious. Tracking changes in

heart rate and temperature can also help determine whether a treatment is working effectively or if

adjustments need to be made.

SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The development of the idea of Portable Arduino-Based Health Monitoring Machine

(PArHMMa) was introduced to resolve the mentioned health care system issues in the country and

to imply the use of Arduino in making such equipment that will maintain health sustainability of a

community and to lessen the risk of the remote areas to have insufficient health care system. With

the aid of PArHMMA, remote areas and other health care providers will have a convenient yet cheap

health care machine to provide and serve the patient’s needs particularly those in a state of

emergency. This study will benefit the healthcare providers specially in the remote areas of San

Mateo Rizal, if developed in the future this study may be a stepping stone of the municipality to

maintain a responsive municipality to the health care needs of the individuals.

Studying the capacity of PArHMMa will build up the interest of the researchers to manipulate

health care control with the aid of computer-based innovations such as Digitalized monitoring of

patient’s records, Computer-Based detection of patient’s vital signs, and many more. PArHMMa will

also benefit the household areas specially those in the remote areas, this can be a great help for

them to know their possible illnesses and control it immediately, because mostly those are the

persons who became a victim of false information about their health conditions maybe due to the

“manggagamot” or “albularyo” culture.

Scope and Delimitations

This study will assess the level of acceptance of both medical and non-medical personnels

on the selected parameters and will also investigate the usefulness of PArHMMa in detecting vital

signs such as heart rate (beats per minute) and temperature (Kelvin) of the patient. The project will

solely rely on readily available Arduino source codes, encompassing languages, codes, and

commands generated by Arduino for the development process.

However, this study delimits itself in terms of the aspects of PArHMMa to be assessed

generally by the researcher, this study will only focus on its Accuracy, Usability or Functionality,

Maintainability, and Portability. Moreover, the study will involve 5 Barangay Health Centers available
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

in San Mateo Rizal, PArHMMa will be assessed by the health care providers working in the selected

health centers.

II. INNOVATION
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that is designed for building and prototyping

interactive electronic projects. It consists of a hardware platform, including a microcontroller board

and a variety of sensors and actuators, as well as a software platform that includes an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE) for writing and uploading code to the board. Arduino is widely used

by hobbyists, artists, and professionals to create a variety of projects, including home automation

systems, robotics, data loggers, and more. Its popularity is due to its ease of use, low cost, and

large and active community of users and developers.

Arduino has been used in a vast array of projects, attracting a global community of makers

who contribute to its wealth of accessible knowledge, suitable for novices and experts alike

(Arduino.CC, 2023).

Table 1

Project Components

Components Description

Arduino Uno arduino board

LCD Display 16 x 2 LCD Display

ESP 8266-01 Wifi Module

Pulse Sensor Pulse Sensor

LM35 Temperature Sensor

Connecting Wires Jumper Wire

BreadBoard Normal

2K Resistor THT

1K Resistor THT

LED 5mm Any Color

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PULSE SENSOR

A pulse sensor is a device that tracks the changes in blood vessel size that occur when the

heart pumps blood. The Pulse Sensor is a type of heart-rate sensor that works with Arduino, and it

makes it easy to incorporate live heart-rate data into projects. The sensor includes a basic heart

rate monitor and circuitry that amplifies and filters out noise, making it simple to take pulse

measurements. It is useful for students, artists, athletes, makers, game and mobile developers who

want to include heart-rate information in their projects.

LM35

LM35 is a sensor that measures temperature by producing an analog signal that

corresponds to the current temperature. To get a temperature reading in Celsius, you can simply

interpret the voltage output. Unlike thermistors, LM35 does not need to be calibrated externally and

is also shielded to prevent self-heating.

Figure 1.

ESP 8266

The ESP8266 is an affordable and user-friendly device that offers internet connectivity to

your projects. This module can work as both a hotspot (access point) and connect to Wi-Fi (station),

which enables it to gather information and upload it to the internet, making it easy to create Internet

of Things projects. Additionally, it can retrieve information from the internet via APIs, which helps

make your project more intelligent by giving it access to any publicly available data.
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Figure 2

Pin 1: Ground: Connected to the ground of the circuit

Pin 2: Tx/GPIO – 1: Connected to Rx pin of programmer/uC to upload program

Pin 3: GPIO – 2: General purpose Input/output pin

Pin 4 : CH_EN: Chip Enable/Active high

Pin 5: Flash/GPIO – 0: General purpose Input/output pin

Pin 6 : Reset: Resets the module

Pin 7: RX/GPIO – 3: General purpose Input/output pin

Pin 8: Vcc: Connect to +3.3V only

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 3
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The circuit/schematic diagram of the Portable Arduino-based Health Monitoring Machine is

shown below:

Figure 4

PROCEDURES:

I. Circuit

1. Connect Pulse Sensor output pin to A0 of Arduino and other two pins to VCC & GND.

2. Connect LM35 Temperature Sensor output pin to A1 of Arduino and other two pins to VCC &

GND.

3. Connect the LED to Digital Pin 7 of Arduino via a 220-ohm resistor.

4. Connect Pin 1,3,5,16 of LCD to GND.

5. Connect Pin 2,15 of LCD to VCC.

6. Connect Pin 4,6,11,12,13,14 of LCD to Digital Pin12,11,5,4,3,2 of Arduino.

7. The RX pin of ESP8266 works on 3.3V and it will not communicate with the Arduino when

we will connect it directly to the Arduino. So, we will have to make a voltage divider for it

which will convert the 5V into 3.3V. This can be done by connecting the 2.2K & 1K resistor.

Thus the RX pin of the ESP8266 is connected to pin 10 of Arduino through the resistors.
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

8. Connect the TX pin of the ESP8266 to pin 9 of the Arduino.

II. Setting up Thingspeak

Thingspeak offers excellent resources for IoT projects. Through the Thingspeak website,

users can monitor data and remotely manage their systems using channels and web pages

provided by the platform.

1. Create or open an account.

2. Create a new channel and setup.

3. Then create the API keys. This key is required for programming modifications and setting

your data.

III. Assembling the machine

1. To program the Arduino UNO, connect the circuit illustrated above and then upload the

code. Upon doing so, launch the serial monitor, which will automatically establish a Wi-Fi

connection and configure all necessary settings.

2. Make sure that the arduino board is connected to the computer via data and power

connecting wires.

3. Put the finger tip of the patient to the pulse sensor and the other finger tip to the temperature

sensor, data will be shown on the LCD display.

4. You can also access the changes in temperature and pulse rate of the patient via

ThingSpeak channel that you have made and connected to the arduino board via Wifi

Module

III. INNOVATION RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study generally aims to assess the acceptance of Portanle Arduino-Based Health

Monitoring Machine (PArHMMa) to support health care needs of the urban communities.
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

[1] To what extent do medical professionals and non-medical professionals accept PArHMMa in

terms of:

[1.1] Maintainability

[1.2] Portability

[1.3] Funtionality

[2] Is there a significant difference between the acceptability of PArHMMa assesed by the medical

and non-medical professionals?

[3] To what extent do data showed by PArHMMa is accurate in terms of:

[3.1] Temperature

[3.2] Pulse Rate

[4] In what ways can PArHMMa be improved?

IV. ACTION RESEARCH METHODS

A. Research Design

This study use descriptive design to accumulate the answers to the problem of the

study. This approach provides the researcher with a systematic means of articulating the

problem, which can enhance others' understanding of the underlying reasons for pursuing

this type of research, this design analyzes, describes, and investigates data, it also involves

in-depth analysis and observation in the topic of interest. (Pamplona, 2022). This study

aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the general characteristics of Portable

Arduino-Based Health Monitoring Machine to aid community health care needs.

SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

B. The Participants

The study implied convenience sampling, researchers select five (5) of the most

accessible health centers in San Mateo, Rizal for the pilot testing of the machine and to

accumulate assessment from ten (10) medical professionals. The study also select fifteen

(15) non-medical personnels to assess PArHMMa, selected participants is assumed to be

oriented by the researcher about the system’s specifications and functions before assessing

the general qualities of the device to ensure data reliability.

C. The Instrument

Printed survey forms are used during the assessment of the Healthcare providers to

the PArHMMa, four-Likert Scale were used in the questionnaires that includes both

qualitative and quantitative questions. The researchers conduct Accuracy Testing through

integrating the results between PArHMMa and the traditional or commonly used sensor

devices such as BPM monitors and Ambient Thermometers, comparison with the results will

be analyzed by the selected health centers.

D. Data Collection Procedure

To ensure objectivity and validity of the questionnaires, survey forms were

consolidated and evaluated by the following faculties of San Mateo Senior high School:

STEM Head, STEM Teachers, and a Grammar Teacher. After validation, two phases of

survey will be conducted, First Phase were conducted to accumulate healthcare provider’s

observation in the machine’s properties. Second Phase were conducted for the households

to assess and analyze the indicated properties of the machine. In general, satisfaction and

reviews of the selected medical and non-medical personnels will be collected during the Two

Phases of Data Gathering Process

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E. Data Analysis Plan

The data collected during data collection process were consolidated through

Microsoft Excel, GraphPad Prism 9, and Libre Office software to secure the validity of the

tests and results, the results are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed based on its

purpose. Quantifiable responses were quantitatively analyzed. Text or Verbatim words were

used to interpret qualitative responses of the participants.

F. Cost Analysis

This section analyze the cost efficiency of PArHMMA, this section details the amount
and price of the components and costs of PArHMMa, given its functions and purposes.

Table 2

Cost Analysis

Component Quantity Price

Arduino Uno 1 Php300.00

LCD Display 1 Php145.00

ESP 8266-01 1 Php140.00

Pulse Sensor 1 Php100.00

LM35 1 Php145.00

Connecting Wires 1 Php35.00

BreadBoard 1 Php25.00

2K Resistor 1 Php15.00

1K Resistor 1 Php15.00

LED 5mm 1 Php10.00

Sintra Board 1 Php100.00

Total: Php1,030.00
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Table 2 Shows that compared to traditional and standard thermometer and pulse sensor

PArHMMa is much cost efficient not only in its purpose but also in its price relative to the

components.

V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This section of the paper aims to establish the key findings of the study. This section

comprehensively explain in-depth data, implications, and significance of the results. This section

show critical components and outcomes of the study by discussing observations, statistical

interpretations, and conclusions of this study. This section is divided by four subgroups according to

the problem of the study.

Problem No. 1: To what extent do medical professionals and non-medical professionals

accept PArHMMa in terms of Functionality, Portability, and Maintainability?

Functionality

Functionality is the aspect of machine that is necessary to assess because it defines how

system or a machine works. A machine is a device with a distinct objective that enhances or

substitutes human or animal labor in completing physical tasks. This wide-ranging classification

includes basic tools like the inclined plane, lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw (known

as simple machines), as well as intricate mechanical systems such as modern automobiles ((The

Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998).

Table 3

Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Functionality based on Medical Professionals

Functionality N X SD Verbal
Interpretation
(Medical
Professional)
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

*The machine 10 3.50 0.5 Very Acceptable

performs the
tasks it intends to
do

*The machine is 10 3.40 0.5 Acceptable

functional as
Ambient
Temperature
Monitor

*The machine is 10 3.50 0.5 Very Acceptable

functional as
Pulse Rate
Sensor

10 3.47 0.5 Very Acceptable

Note: 1.00-1.80 Strongly Unacceptable), 1.81-2.60 (Unacceptable), 2.61- 3.40 (Acceptable), 3.41-

4.00 (Very Acceptable)

Table 4

Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Functionality based on Non-Medical Professionals

Functionality N X SD Verbal
Interpretation
(Non-Medical
Professionals)

*The machine 15 3.67 0.49 Very

performs the Acceptable
tasks it intends to
do

*The machine is 15 3.40 0.51 Acceptable

functional as
Ambient
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Temperature
Monitor

*The machine is 15 3.67 0.62 Very

functional as Acceptable
Pulse Rate
Sensor

15 3.58 0.54 Very

Acceptable

Note: 1.00-1.80 Strongly Unacceptable), 1.81-2.60 (Unacceptable), 2.61- 3.40 (Acceptable), 3.41-

4.00 (Very Acceptable)

Table 3 shows that PArHMMa is very acceptable to medical professionals in terms of its

functionality with general weighted mean of 3.47 and 0.5 standard deviation. Likewise, Table 4

shows that PArHMMa’s functionalities are also very acceptable to non-medical professionals with

general weighted mean of 3.58 and 0.54 standard deviation.

Portability

A portable device refers to any device that can be conveniently transported. It is a compact

version of a computing device specifically designed to be held and operated by hand. Portable

devices are gaining significance in personal computing as advancements in technology enhance the

capabilities of devices such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones ((Techopedia, 2013).

Table 5

Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Portability based on Medical Professionals

Portability N X SD Verbal
Interpretation
(Medical
Professionals)
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

*The machine 10 3.90 0.32 Very

is portable in Acceptable
terms of its
weight

*The machine 10 3.10 0.57 Acceptable

is portable in
terms of its size

*The Machine 10 3.40 0.70 Acceptable

is portable in
terms of its
dimensions

10 3.47 0.53 Very

Acceptable

Note: 1.00-1.80 Strongly Unacceptable), 1.81-2.60 (Unacceptable), 2.61- 3.40 (Acceptable), 3.41-

4.00 (Very Acceptable)

Table 6

Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Portability based on Medical Professionals

Portability N X SD Verbal
Interpretation
(Non-Medical
Professionals)

*The machine 15 3.60 0.51 Very

is portable in Acceptable
terms of its
weight

*The machine 15 3.47 0.64 Very

is portable in Acceptable
terms of its size

*The Machine 15 3.40 0.51 Acceptable

is portable in
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terms of its
dimensions

15 3.49 0.55 Very

Acceptable

Note: 1.00-1.80 Strongly Unacceptable), 1.81-2.60 (Unacceptable), 2.61- 3.40 (Acceptable), 3.41-

4.00 (Very Acceptable)

Table 5 shows that PArHMMa is generally very acceptable to medical professionals in terms

of its portability with general weighted mean of 3.47 and 0.53 standard deviation. On the other

hand, Table 6 also shows that PArHMMa’s portability are also very acceptable to non-medical

professionals with general weighted mean of 3.49 and 0.55 standard deviation.

Maintainability

The maintainability of a machine or equipment refers to its ability to be repaired promptly. It

also represents the likelihood of restoring a system to its designated operational state within the

desired time frame when maintenance is conducted under specific conditions, following prescribed

procedures and methods (Sourget, 2022).

Table 7

Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Maintainability based on Medical Professionals

SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Maintainability N X SD Verbal
Interpretation
(Medical
Professional)

*The machine is 10 3.40 0.84 Acceptable

less prone to
failure

*The machine’s 10 3.20 0.63 Acceptable

lid can be easily
open

*The surface of 10 3.80 0.42 Very

the machine is Acceptable
water resistant

10 3.47 0.63 Very

Acceptable

Note: 1.00-1.80 Strongly Unacceptable), 1.81-2.60 (Unacceptable), 2.61- 3.40 (Acceptable), 3.41-

4.00 (Very Acceptable)

Table 8

Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Maintainability based on Non-Medical Professionals

Maintainability N X SD Verbal
Interpretation
(Non-Medical
Professional)

*The machine is 10 3.00 0.65 Acceptable

less prone to
failure

*The machine’s 10 3.27 0.46 Acceptable

lid can be easily
open
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

*The surface of 10 3.40 0.74 Acceptable

the machine is
water resistant

10 3.22 0.62 Acceptable

Note: 1.00-1.80 Strongly Unacceptable), 1.81-2.60 (Unacceptable), 2.61- 3.40 (Acceptable), 3.41-

4.00 (Very Acceptable)

Table 7 shows that PArHMMa is acceptable to medical professionals in terms of its

maintainability with general weighted mean of 3.47 and 0.63 standard deviation. On the other hand,

Table 8 also shows that PArHMMa’s portability are also very acceptable to non-medical

professionals with general weighted mean of 3.22 and 0.63 standard deviation.

Problem No. 2: Is there a significant difference between the acceptability of PArHMMa

assesed by the medical and non-medical professionals?

Measuring significant difference allows a PArHMMa to be identified if it is acceptable to both

medical and non-medical professionals or it may only be acceptable and subjected to only one

group.

Hypotheses:

Ho: There is no significant difference between level of acceptability of medical and non-medical

professionals to PArHMMa’s generl functionality.

Ha: There is significant difference between level of acceptability of medical and non-medical

professionals to PArHMMa’s generl functionality.

Table 9

Statistical Data on Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Functionality

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Unpaired t-test with Welch's correction

P value 0.4802

P value summary ns

Significantly different (P < 0.05)? No

One- or two-tailed P value? Two-tailed

Welch-corrected t, df t=0.7187, df=21.08

Table 7 shows statistical data on level of acceptability of PArHMMa in terms of its

functionality, based on the table we can infer that the T-statistic belongs to acceptable region in

normal distribution. As clearly showed, there is no significant difference between level of

acceptability of PArHMMa’s functionality between Medical and Non-Medical Professionals.

To conclude, null hypothesis has been accepted that there is no significant difference on the

statistical results between the acceptability of two mentioned groups.

Table 10

Statistical Data on Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Portability

Unpaired t-test with Welch's correction

P value 0.8843

P value summary ns

Significantly different (P < 0.05)? No

One- or two-tailed P value? Two-tailed

Welch-corrected t, df t=0.1472, df=22.72

Table 10 shows statistical data on level of acceptability of PArHMMa in terms of its portability,

based on the table we can infer that the T-statistic belongs to acceptable region in normal
SAN MATEO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

distribution. As clearly showed, there is no significant difference between level of acceptability of

PArHMMa’s portability between Medical and Non-Medical Professionals.

To conclude, null hypothesis has been accepted that there is no significant difference on the

statistical results between the acceptability of two mentioned groups.

Table 11

Statistical Data on Acceptability of PArHMMa’s Maintainability

Unpaired t test with Welch's correction

P value 0.2237

P value summary ns

Significantly different (P < 0.05)? No

One- or two-tailed P value? Two-tailed

Welch-corrected t, df t=1.257, df=19.61

Table 11 shows statistical data on level of acceptability of PArHMMa in terms of its

maintainability, based on the table we can infer that the T-statistic belongs to acceptable region in

normal distribution. As clearly showed, there is no significant difference between level of

acceptability of PArHMMa’s maintainability between Medical and Non-Medical Professionals.

To conclude, null hypothesis has been accepted that there is no significant difference on the

statistical results between the acceptability of two mentioned groups.

Problem No. 3: To what extent do data showed by PArHMMa is accurate in terms of

Temperature and Pulse Sensor?

Table 12
Difference in Temperature between Standard Thermometer and PArHMMa
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Temperature
Sensed

ParHMMa 33°C

Standard 35.6°C
Thermometer

Difference 2.6°C

Table 13
Difference in Pulse Rate between Standard Pulse Oximeter and PArHMMa
Pulse Sensed

ParHMMa 75 bpm

Standard Pulse 73 bpm

Oximeter

Difference 2 bpm

Table 14.

Accuracy of PArHMMa in terms of its Pulse Sensor and Temperature Sensor

Difference in Verbal
Values (x) Interpretation

Temperature 2.6°C Accurate

Pulse Sensor 2 bpm Accurate

Note: x>5 (Very Inaccurate), 3<x<5 (Inaccurate), 0<x<3 (Accurate), x=0 (Accurate)

Table 12 shows that temperature data on PArHMMa and Standard Thermometer differs

about 2.6°C, while Table 13 shows that PArHMMa sensed 2 bpm higher than Standard Pulse

Oximeter. Having stated those differences, Table 14 clearly shows that PArHMMa’s detection on

temperature and pulse rate is accurate according to the stated indicators.

This is a prove on how PArHMMa can help utilize accurate monitoring system both via

displayed data and real-time data on PArHMMa’s Arduino IDE Serial Monitor.
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Problem No. 4: In what ways can PArHMMa be improved?

Accuracy. Respondents suggest to improve accuracy of the data, specially the temperature

sensor. Temperature sensor can be improved to detect both ambient and body temperature of the

person.

Portability. Respondents suggests to improve its portability making PArHMMa more handy

and compact.

Materials. Respondents commend how durable the materials is. However, they also

suggests to innovate and use plastic material for waterpproofing and safety purposes, since

electronic products were involved.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the yielded data, the researchers conclude the following: [1] PArHMMa’s

Functionality, Portability, and Maintainability were very accepted by both medical and non-medical

professionals. [2] Moreover, there is no significant difference on how PArHMMa has been accepted

by both medical and non-medical professionals, this has proved by Unpaired T-test conducted

between mean and standard deviation of level of acceptability of medical and non-medical

professionals. Having stated that, the results signifies PArHMMa were very accepted by two parties.

[3]PArHMMa were succesful in providing accurate data through its pulse and temperature

sensor. Respondents were pleased on the design, however, some suggest to improve its accuracy,

portability, and materials to make it more suitable for wide range use of communities.[4] PArHMMa

gives community a great help in increasing risk of potential helath care downs due to lack of health

care equipments. [5]PArHMMa is suitable for remote areas where people does not reach enough

health care support in case of need.

V. RECOMMENDATIONS
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Based on the results, the researchers were able to recommend the following:

To the Individuals with Health Care Needs. Digitalization and telemedicine plays a crucial

role for the development of health care systems and improving better health care service to

everyone, utilization of PArHMMa as supporting equipment to be used by individuals with health

care needs is recommended.

To the Clinic and Health Centers. PArHMMa can be an effective equipment to support

barangay and community health care needs. Utilization of PArHMMa in selected health centers is

advisable as it caters wide range of functions to aid needs in healthcare of the individuals.

To the Remote Communities. PArHMMa is suitable for areas without enough access to any

kinds of health-related technology. PArHMMa is energy efficient as well as function-wise equipment

to support the like communities.

To the Information and Technology. PArHMMa used the concept of block chain technology

and digitalized monitoring system through Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications and Arduino

software that can be improved to some sort of accessibility and software maintainability.

To the Future Researchers. The study about IoT based and digitalized monitoring systems is

important to imprve automation of things. Current researchers suggests to innovate more the

product in terms of the recommended parameters as well as focus on the computer system within

the device.

VI. REFERENCES
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Arduino. (2018, February 5). Arduino - Introduction. Arduino.cc.

https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/introduction

Bateman, K. (2022, February 1). 6 key issues shaping the future of global healthcare in 2022. World

Economic Forum.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/global-healthcare-2022-mental-health/

Kenworthy, K. (2018, March 20). 10 Shocking Facts About Healthcare in the Philippines. The

Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/healthcare-in-the-philippines/

M, L. (2023, January 1). What’s the Arduino Language and How to Use It for Your Arduino Board.

BitDegree.org Online Learning Platforms.

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ained/#introduction-to-the-arduino-language

MedHyve. (2021, August 15). Problems Plaguing the Philippines’ Medical Care. MedHyve.

https://news.medhyve.com/2021/08/15/problems-plaguing-the-philippines-medical-care/

Pamplona, F. (2022, March 2). Visual abstracts made easy with Mind the Graph. Mind the Graph

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Söderby, K. (2023, February 20). Getting Started with Arduino | Arduino Documentation.

Docs.arduino.cc. https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/starting-guide/getting-started-arduino

Sourget, L. (2022). How to evaluate the maintainability of your equipment with a CMMS. Mobility

Work.

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aintainability%20of%20an%20equipment,using%20prescribed%20procedures%20and%20m

eans.

Techopedia. (2013, June 28). What is a Portable Device? - Definition from Techopedia.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23673/portable-device

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998, July 20). Machine | Definition, Mechanisms &

Efficiency. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/machine

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What is an Arduino? - learn.sparkfun.com. (n.d.). Learn.sparkfun.com.

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pen-source%20platform%20used%20for%20building

World Health Organization. (2022). Primary health care. Who.int; World Health Organization: WHO.

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