The past has a vision control problem

Washington Crossing the Delaware

- The article discusses the painting Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 by Emanuel Leutze which
depicts a pivotal moment in the American Revolution when George Washington led a surprise attack on
British forces on December 25, 1776.

- The article points out several historical inaccuracies and artistic liberties in the painting, such as:

- The wrong time of day: The painting shows a sunrise, but the actual crossing happened at night.

- The wrong flag: The painting shows an American flag with 13 stars and stripes, but that flag was not
adopted until 1777.

- The wrong boat: The painting shows a Durham boat, which was too small to carry horses and cannons
as shown in the painting. The actual boats used were larger ferry boats.

- The wrong river: The painting shows a wide and calm river, but the actual Delaware River was narrow
and icy at that time of year.

- The wrong people: The painting shows a diverse group of soldiers, including an African American, a
Native American, a Scotsman, and a woman. However, there is no evidence that such people were
present at the crossing. Some of them may have been added by Leutze to symbolize different aspects of
America or to appeal to his European audience.

- The article also explains some of the reasons why Leutze painted Washington Crossing the Delaware:

- He was inspired by his own involvement in the failed German revolutions of 1848 and wanted to
celebrate democracy and freedom.

- He wanted to appeal to both American and European markets by creating a heroic and dramatic
scene that would resonate with both audiences.

- He wanted to showcase his skill and ambition as an artist by creating a large-scale history painting that
would rival those of European masters.
Black washington crossing the Delaware
- The article announces that the Lucas Museum of Narrative Art has acquired Robert Colescott's
landmark painting George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware: Page from an American History
Textbook (1975 which is considered one of the most important works of contemporary American art.

- The article describes the painting as a parody of Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware
(1851), which replaces George Washington and his troops with George Washington Carver and a group
of Black stereotypes. The painting challenges the dominant narratives of American history and culture
by highlighting the contributions and struggles of African Americans.

- The article quotes Sandra Jackson-Dumont, director and CEO of the Lucas Museum, who says that
Colescott's painting is a "masterpiece" that "speaks to our mission" of celebrating visual storytelling. She
also says that the painting will be a "centerpiece" of their collection and will inspire dialogue and
reflection among visitors.

- The article provides some background information on Colescott, who was born in 1925 in Oakland,
California, and became known for his satirical and provocative paintings that explored race, gender,
politics, and identity. He was influenced by jazz music, comic books, cartoons, and European art history.
He died in 2009 at age 83.
- The article also mentions that Colescott's painting was acquired from a private collector in Saint Louis
who had owned it since 1976. It was previously exhibited at John Berggruen Gallery in San Francisco in
1975 and at Seattle Art Museum in 2018. It will be on view at the Lucas Museum when it opens in Los
Angeles in 2023.
Death of Marat By david
This image represents **The Death of Marat**, a painting by **Jacques-Louis David** in 1793. It
depicts the assassination of **Jean-Paul Marat**, a French revolutionary leader and journalist who was
stabbed in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a royalist sympathizer.

Marat was a radical politician and writer who supported the overthrow of the monarchy and the
execution of King Louis XVI. He was also a friend of David, who was also a supporter of the revolution
and a member of the Committee of Public Safety.

David painted this scene as a tribute to Marat and as a propaganda piece to portray him as a martyr for
the revolution. He used realistic details, such as Marat's wound, his blood-stained papers, and his
wooden bathtub, to create a sense of drama and emotion. He also idealized Marat's face and body to
make him look more noble and heroic.

The painting became one of the most famous images from the era of the French Revolution and
influenced many other artists. It is now in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels.

Death of Marat by David

Charlotte Corday by Paul-Jacques-Aime Baudry
Death of Marat by James Aliprandi The assasination of Marat by J. J. Weerts

Death of Marat by Gavin Turk

Guernica
- Invasion of ukraine is a painting done by 10 year old Andres Valencia

- The painting is modeled by a painting done by picasso called - Guernica

- The original painting was supposed to be the German bombing of a small Basque town

- Addad Hannah made a backyard version of Guernica, and one with everyday items

- Guernica Redacted is made by Robert Longo

- Guernica remastered - was an art exhibition, that featured a lot of different versions of Picasso's
Guernica

Guernica

Invasion of Ukraine – Andres Valencia

Backyard Guernica Adad Hannah

Saksatoon Guernica
Guernica Redacted

Guernica in tile
Keiskama guernica
GettyMuseumChallenge
The article showcases some of the creative and humorous recreations of artworks from the Getty
Museum's online collection by people around the world. The challenge was inspired by a Dutch
Instagram account called Tussen Kunst & Quarantaine (Between Art and Quarantine) and was launched
by Getty on March 25, 2020. The article features some examples of recreations using household items
such as towels, pillows, clothes, pets, plants, food and more. The article also invites readers to join the
challenge by following three simple steps: 1) choose an artwork; 2) find three things lying around your
house; 3) recreate the artwork with those items and share it on social media with
#GettyMuseumChallenge.
Judith on the red square

The painting demonstrates the head of Josef Stalin, freed from his body and perched on a woman's hand

Article
The article is about how Judith Beheading Holofernes became an art historical icon of female rage. It
explores how different artists have depicted this biblical story of a Jewish heroine who decapitated an
enemy general to save her people. The article analyzes how Judith’s image has changed over time, from
a virtuous widow to a vengeful seductress, and how it reflects the social and political context of each
era.
Judith
Judith is a Jewish heroine who appears in the Book of Judith, a deuterocanonical book of the Bible. She
was a beautiful and clever widow who used her charm to seduce an Assyrian general named Holofernes,
who was besieging her city. She then beheaded him in his tent and brought his head back to her people,
saving them from oppression

Judith Beheading Holoferenes

Judith Beheading Holofereness
Judith and the head of Holofernes
Judith and Holofernes

Judith and Holofernes

 One Track Forward Two Track Backward
Beatles song
An important fact about the beatles song Beause is that it began with the idea of playing the familiar
chords in Beethoven's famous Moonlight Sonata—but in reverse

Flight of the bumblebee

Bob Dylan’s version is a reimagining of the original piece, as he adds lyrics and changes the melody and
rhythm significantly. It may be seen as a creative homage or a radical departure from the composer’s
intent, depending on one’s perspective.

- Al Hirt’s version is a reconstruction of the original piece, as he preserves the main melody and tempo
but adapts it to a different instrument and style. It may be seen as a faithful rendition or a superficial
imitation of the composer’s intent, depending on one’s preference.

- Our Shining Days’ version is a combination of reconstruction and reimagining, as they use both
Western and Chinese instruments to play parts of the original piece and also add new elements and
variations. It may be seen as a respectful fusion or a disrespectful distortion of the composer’s intent,
depending on one’s sensibility.

The shower
The article explains how showers were invented in ancient Greece and how they became an important
part of their culture and hygiene. The article states that showers were first used in public bathhouses
that were supplied with water through aqueducts and pipes. The water was usually cold and sprayed
from the ceiling or from fountains. The article also mentions that showers were used for religious
purposes, such as cleansing before entering a temple or participating in a ritual. The article concludes by
saying that showers were later adopted by the Romans and other civilizations, but they declined in
popularity after the fall of the Roman Empire.

The music sang in the shower

Recent developments in the reconstruction of ancient Greek music have led to a better understanding
of how it was made and even its performance. Despite being ubiquitous in classical Greece, ancient
Greek music has posed an enigma due to the complicated and unfamiliar terms and notions found in
ancient sources, as well as scarce and fragmentary notated music. However, recent projects to
investigate ancient Greek music, which have reconstructed well-preserved auloi, provide a faithful guide
to the pitch range of ancient music. Rhythms of ancient Greek music can be derived from the meters of
the poetry, while more documents with ancient notation have come to light, providing a better chance
of understanding how the music sounded. The reconstruction and performance of Greek music have
demonstrated that ancient Greek music should be recognised as the root of the European musical
tradition.
2001 A Space Odyssey
The director Stanley Kubrik, discarded all the music that his chosen composer, Alex North, had written.

He replaced all the music with classical pieces.

Experience
Experience was a piano piece, and it was made 9 years ago

- It became viral out of nowhere due to tiktok

- If you hear it right now it will sound very familiar

- Many clasical pieces have found new homes that would have surprised those who created them

- Rhapsody in Blue was written by George Gershwin for solo piano and jazz band in 1924, combining
elements of classical music with jazz influences. It has been used in various movies, such as Manhattan
(1979), Fantasia 2000 (1999), and The Great Gatsby (2013), as well as in commercials for United Airlines.

- Pomp and Circumstance is a series of marches composed by Edward Elgar between 1901 and 1930. The
most famous one is March No. 1, which includes a section known as "Land of Hope and Glory". It has
been used as a graduation ceremony music in the United States since 1905, as well as in patriotic events
and royal occasions in the United Kingdom.

- Ode to Joy is a poem written by Friedrich Schiller in 1785, which was later set to music by Ludwig van
Beethoven in his Ninth Symphony (1824). It is considered a symbol of universal brotherhood and peace.
It has been used as the anthem of the European Union since 1985, as well as a Christmas carol in Japan
since the late 19 th century.

London Symphony Orchestra

The article is a review of a concert by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Valery Gergiev at
the Barbican Hall on November 25, 2004. The concert featured two symphonies by Russian composer
Dmitri Shostakovich: his Fourth Symphony and his Fifteenth Symphony. The reviewer praises Gergiev's
interpretation of both works, especially his ability to convey the emotional intensity and complexity of
Shostakovich's music. The reviewer also notes that the orchestra played with remarkable precision and
power, despite some minor flaws in balance and coordination. The reviewer concludes that the concert
was a memorable experience that revealed new aspects of Shostakovich's symphonic legacy.

Nostalgia, again
The article explores why many young people from Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2012) and young
millennials (born between 1981 and 1996) are fascinated by nostalgia, especially for the 1990s and early
2000s. It argues that nostalgia is not only a way of coping with the uncertainties and anxieties of the
present, but also a form of creative expression and identity formation. The article cites examples of how
nostalgia influences various aspects of culture, such as fashion, music, film, TV, art and social media. It
also discusses how nostalgia can be both inclusive and exclusive, depending on who is represented and
who is left out. The article concludes by suggesting that nostalgia can be a powerful tool for social
change if it is used to challenge stereotypes and celebrate diversity.

Robot conductors
The article is about a bizarre performance in Japan where a giant humanoid robot conducted and sang
with a human orchestra. The robot, named Android Alter 3, was created by a team of researchers and
artists who wanted to explore the relationship between humans and machines. The robot has a realistic
face and body, and can mimic human expressions and movements. It also has a voice synthesizer that
allows it to sing in different languages. The article describes how the robot led the orchestra in various
pieces of classical music, such as Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony and Verdi’s Requiem, and how the
audience reacted to the spectacle
 Revisiting the Prologue: Reconstruction in
Poetry and Prose
Poems
The poems listed are all examples of reconstructing something or someone from the past, but they
differ in their scope and purpose. Here are some possible ways to compare and contrast them:

- “A Dog Has Died” by Pablo Neruda is a personal and emotional poem that pays tribute to his beloved
pet and reflects on their shared life. The poet uses imagery, repetition, and metaphors to convey his
grief and gratitude for his dog’s companionship. He also contrasts his dog’s naturalness and joy with
human’s artificiality and sorrow.

- “Dodo” by Henry Carlile vs. “The Dodo” by Hilaire Beloc are two poems that reconstruct the extinct
bird from different perspectives. Carlile’s poem is more scientific and factual, describing the dodo’s
appearance, habitat, and demise with precise details and language. Beloc’s poem is more humorous and
whimsical, imagining the dodo’s personality, behavior, and dialogue with a playful tone and rhyme.

- “Brazilian Telephone” by Miriam Greenberg is a poem that reconstructs a past relationship through the
metaphor of a broken phone. The poet uses enjambment, alliteration, assonance, and imagery to create
a sense of distance, frustration, and longing between the speaker and her lover. She also explores the
themes of communication, memory, and identity.

- “The Municipal Gallery Revisited” by W.B. Yeats is a poem that reconstructs his past friendships with
Irish artists and revolutionaries through visiting their portraits in a gallery. The poet uses symbolism,
allusion, irony, and contrast to express his admiration for their courage and sacrifice as well as his regret
for his own failures and losses. He also reflects on the role of art in politics and history.

- “On Shakespeare” by John Milton is a poem that reconstructs Shakespeare’s genius and legacy through
praising his works as immortal monuments of literature. The poet uses personification, hyperbole,
metaphor, and apostrophe to celebrate Shakespeare’s achievements and influence as well as his
humility and modesty. He also compares himself to Shakespeare as a fellow poet and admirer.

- “At the Tomb of Napoleon” by Robert G. Ingersoll is a poetic speech that reconstructs Napoleon’s life
and deeds through honoring him as a great leader and hero. The speaker uses rhetorical questions,
parallelism, antithesis, and anaphora to highlight Napoleon’s accomplishments and challenges as well as
his impact on history and humanity. He also contrasts Napoleon’s greatness with his enemies’
mediocrity.

- “Kyoto” by Basho is a haiku that reconstructs Kyoto’s beauty and history through capturing its essence
in three lines of seventeen syllables. The poet uses juxtaposition, imagery, sound devices, and kigo to
create a vivid impression of Kyoto’s scenery and culture as well as its impermanence and nostalgia.
- “A Brief History of Toa Payoh” by Koh Buck Song is a poem that reconstructs Toa Payoh’s
transformation from a swampy village to a modern town in Singapore. The poet uses chronological
structure, contrast, repetition, and symbolism to convey Toa Payoh’s development and identity as well
as its heritage and diversity.

- “Kubla Khan” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a poem that reconstructs Coleridge’s dream vision of Kubla
Khan’s palace in Xanadu. The poet uses rhyme scheme, meter, alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia,
simile, metaphor, personification, synesthesia, oxymoron, paradox, archetype, allegory, mythology,
biblical references, orientalism, romanticism, opium influence to create a fantastical landscape of
wonder and terror as well as a commentary on poetic creation and imagination.

- The Czar’s Last Christmas Letter: A Barn in Tobolsk Province” by Norman Dubie is a dramatic
monologue hat reconstructs the last moments of Czar Nicholas II before he was executed by Bolshevik
revolutionaries. The speaker uses irony, pathos, imagery, allusion, foreshadowing, tone shift to reveal
his thoughts and feelings about his family, his country, his fate as well as his denial.

The diffrience engine

The Difference Engine is a steampunk novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. It imagines an
alternative history where the Industrial Revolution is powered by steam-driven cybernetic Engines, and
the computer age arrives a century ahead of its time. The novel follows three characters: Sybil Gerard, a
courtesan and daughter of a Luddite leader; Edward Mallory, an explorer and paleontologist; and
Laurence Oliphant, a diplomat and spy. Their paths cross as they are drawn into a conspiracy involving a
mysterious set of punch cards that can alter the world's destiny.

The historian fantasy

his article is an interview with Guy Gavriel Kay, a Canadian writer of fantasy fiction. He talks about his
influences, his writing process, his views on fantasy and history, and his latest novel Children of Earth
and Sky. He also discusses his involvement in editing The Silmarillion by J.R.R. Tolkien, his mentor and
friend. The interview was conducted at the Festival Utopiales Nantes 2017 in France.

Extract from his book

- Alessan and Sofia arrive at night on a small boat near a town called San Giorgio

- They are disguised as merchants and have fake papers

- They have hired two local men to guide them to their target's house

- Alessan tells Sofia that their target is Count Ricci, who betrayed his father and helped overthrow his
kingdom

- Sofia remembers her past as a courtesan in Seressa, where she met Alessan and learned his true
identity

- She also remembers how she escaped from Seressa with Alessan's help after killing a powerful man
who tried to rape her
- They reach Ricci's house and see guards outside

- Alessan gives Sofia a dagger and tells her to wait for his signal

- He approaches the guards and pretends to be looking for Ricci's son, whom he claims to know from
Seressa

- He distracts the guards with his charm and wit while Sofia sneaks behind them

Another interview
The interview is a podcast episode by Danièle Cybulskie from Medievalists.net with Guy Gavriel Kay, an
international bestselling author of historical fantasy novels. The interview focuses on Kay’s latest novel,
A Brightness Long Ago, which is set in a world inspired by Renaissance Italy. The interview covers topics
such as:

- How Kay researches and writes his novels

- How he balances historical accuracy and artistic license

- How he creates complex and realistic characters

- How he explores themes of memory, fate, choice, and power

- How he uses magic and the supernatural in subtle was

- How he engages with his readers and fans

 Re-creation as Recreation
Historical video games
1st article
Historical video games can be a beneficial tool for education, as they bring history to life for students.

- Previous attempts to use video games for education date back to the 1970s with The Oregon Trail.

- Games have the potential to gamify learning and help people learn history, but academia has failed to
fully grasp this potential.

- Games offer more freedom to explore ideas that history students might not encounter in traditional
curricula.

- Games can represent neglected or marginalized perspectives in history, such as women, minorities,
and LGBTQ history.

- However, the dominant white male industry often views narratives through a highly specific lens,
resulting in a distorted or incomplete representation of history.

- The industry's risk-aversion leads to a need for indie developers to provide a more complete image of
history in their games.

2nd article
- Historical games provide lessons about the past but may not be 100% accurate

- Game creators prioritize authenticity over accuracy in their games to ensure an enjoyable playing
experience

- Controversy arises due to decisions made in the name of authenticity, such as the exclusion of non-
white characters in Kingdom Come: Deliverance

- Assassin's Creed Origins shows diversity over historical accuracy in depicting boys and girls attending
school together in Ancient Egypt

- The importance of historical accuracy in video games is debatable and raises questions about
inclusivity and diversity

- History texts are open to interpretation, making it difficult to determine the importance of accuracy in
video games
List of video games
The Oregon Trail
This game is considered to be one of the earliest educational games, and it accurately portrays the difficulties and
challenges of travelling along the Oregon Trail during the 19th century.

Seven Cities of Gold

This game is set during the Age of Discovery and has some accurate historical elements such as the Spanish
conquest of the Aztec Empire. However, the game's primary focus is on exploration and treasure hunting, so it may
not be the best choice for learning about history.

Sid Meier's Pirates!

This game is set during the Golden Age of Piracy and has some accurate historical elements such as the locations of
pirate hideouts and famous pirate ships. However, the game's primary focus is on piracy and adventure, so it may
not be the best choice for learning about history.

Call of Duty
This game series features various historical events, including World War II and the Cold War. However, the
accuracy of events portrayed in the game is often exaggerated or altered for the sake of gameplay, so it may not
be the best choice for learning about history.

Ghost of Tsushima
This game is set in feudal Japan during the Mongol invasion and has some accurate historical elements such as the
locations of important battles and the clothing and weapons used during the time period. However, the game's
primary focus is on action and adventure, so it may not be the best choice for learning about history.

Age of Empires
This game series features various civilizations throughout history, including the Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans.
While the game has some accurate historical elements, it also simplifies or alters history for the sake of gameplay,
so it may not be the best choice for learning about history.

Assassin 's Creed

This game series is set in various time periods throughout history, including ancient Greece, Renaissance Italy, and
the American Revolution. While the game has some accurate historical elements, it also greatly exaggerates or
alters history for the sake of gameplay, so it may not be the best choice for learning about history.

Railroad Tycoon
This game is set during the Industrial Revolution and focuses on building and managing a railroad company. The
game has some accurate historical elements such as the locations of important railroads and the types of trains
used during the time period. However, the game's primary focus is on building and management, so it may not be
the best choice for learning about history.
Military reenactments
Military reenactments have been a part of historical and cultural events for hundreds of years.

- The origins of military reenactments are not well documented, but they are thought to have started in
Europe during the Middle Ages, where they were performed as part of religious festivals and pageants.

- Over time, military reenactments evolved into more elaborate events that aimed to accurately
recreate historic battles and military conflicts.

- Military reenactments were not initially used as a form of training, but as a way to commemorate and
honor the memory of those who served in battle.

- In some cases, military reenactments were used as a form of propaganda or as a means of

demonstrating military strength.

- Today, military reenactments are often performed for educational or entertainment purposes, and
are typically organized by historical societies, museums, or hobbyist groups.

- Some veterans of the battles being simulated have chosen to participate in reenactments, and these
events can be a way for them to connect with their military heritage and to honor the memory of their
fellow soldiers.

- Military reenactments can also serve as a way for the public to gain a better understanding of the
realities of war and the sacrifices made by soldiers.

Renaissance Fairs
Renaissance Fairs originated in Southern California in the early 1960s

- The first fair, organized by the Society for Creative Anachronism, was held in Berkeley in 1966

- Renaissance Fairs provide educational opportunities through performances, lectures, and workshops

- Renaissance Fairs have inspired similar fairs dedicated to other periods in history, such as the Middle
Ages, Ancient Rome, and the Victorian era

- Whether or not Renaissance Fairs are considered a form of unhealthy escapism will depend on the
individual
 On a Nostalgic Note
Back to the future
Back to the Future is a classic time travel film that debuted in 1985 and starred Michael J. Fox as Marty
McFly and Christopher Lloyd as Doc Brown. In the film, Marty travels back to 1955 in a modified
DeLorean car and meets his parents as teenagers.

One of the songs that plays when Marty arrives in 1955 is Mr. Sandman by The Four Aces, which was a
popular song written by Pat Ballard and published in 1954. The song has a cheerful and nostalgic tone
that contrasts with Marty's confusion and shock at seeing Hill Valley in the past.

I think it matters a lot that movies set in the past use music from that same period because it helps
create a sense of authenticity and immersion for the audience. Music can also convey emotions,
themes, and moods that enhance the storytelling and character development. For example, Mr.
Sandman creates a contrast between the idealized image of 1950 s America and the reality that Marty
discovers later on.
Nostalgic songs
some of the factors that can make a song nostalgic are:

- The lyrics that reflect on past memories, relationships, or experiences

- The melody that evokes a certain mood or emotion

- The genre or style that is associated with a specific era or culture

- The personal connection that the listener has with the song or the artist

The songs you listed are widely celebrated as nostalgic masterpieces because they have some or all of
these factors. For example:

- Yesterday by The Beatles is a simple and melancholic song about longing for a better past.

- Memories by Maroon 5 is a tribute to loved ones who have passed away and how their memories live
on.

- Poorani Jeans by Ali Haider is a song about reminiscing about old friends and college days.

- You Who Sat Next to Me by Gao Xiaosong is a song about regretting not confessing to a crush in school.

- Sunrise, Sunset by Jerry Bock & Sheldon Harnick is a song from the musical Fiddler on the Roof that
reflects on how time passes and children grow up.

These songs may have different themes and genres, but they all share a common element of nostalgia.
They may not work on everyone, as different people may have different preferences and associations
with music. But they certainly have a universal appeal for many listeners who can relate to their
sentiments.
 All the Czar’s Horses The Politics Of Putting
The Past Together Again
c. 1950
The article is about photographer Jake Michaels' new book "c.1950" which documents life in Belize's
Mennonite colonies. The Mennonites are a conservative protestant sect that shun modern technology
and contact with wider society. They live in rural areas and practice farming, carpentry and other
traditional trades. The article explores how they maintain their culture and identity in a changing world,
and how they interact with their non-Mennonite neighbors. The article also features some of Michaels'
photographs that capture the daily life and scenery of the colonies.

Luddite Club
The article is about a group of teenagers in NYC who have decided to ditch their smartphones and social
media for a simpler and more authentic life.

- The group is called the Luddite Club, named after the 19th century workers who protested against
industrialization by destroying machines.

- The club members say they feel happier, more focused, and more connected to themselves and
others without the constant distractions and pressures of technology.

- The club also organizes activities such as hiking, camping, board games, and book clubs to encourage
face-to-face interactions and outdoor experiences.

- The article explores some of the benefits and challenges of living without smartphones and social
media in a digital age, as well as some of the reactions from their peers, parents, and teachers.

- Some of their peers are supportive and curious, while others are skeptical and mocking. Some have
even joined the club or tried to limit their own screen time.

- Some of their parents are proud and relieved, while others are worried and frustrated. Some have
also followed their children’s example and reduced their own smartphone use.

- Some of their teachers are impressed and inspired, while others are indifferent and unconcerned.
Some have also incorporated more offline activities and discussions in their classrooms.
Luddites
The article challenges the common misconception that the Luddites were a group of anti-technology
fanatics who opposed any form of innovation. It argues that the Luddites were actually skilled workers
who protested against the social and economic changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
It explains that the Luddites were not against machines per se, but against the use of machines to
undermine their wages, working conditions and autonomy. It also shows that the Luddites were not a
unified movement, but a diverse and decentralized network of local groups who used different tactics
and had different goals. The article concludes that the Luddites were not irrational or backward-looking,
but rather had a complex and nuanced critique of industrial capitalism.

Mussolini
The article examines how Mussolini and his fascist regime used the myth of Rome as a source of
inspiration and legitimation for their political project. It argues that Mussolini’s fascination with Rome
was not only based on his personal admiration for ancient history, but also on his strategic appropriation
of Roman symbols and values to create a new fascist identity and culture. The article analyzes how
Mussolini manipulated different aspects of Roman heritage, such as architecture, art, literature, law,
religion and imperialism, to construct a narrative of continuity and rupture between ancient Rome and
modern Italy. It also explores how Mussolini’s vision of Rome was challenged by internal critics and
external enemies, especially during the Second World War. The article concludes that Mussolini’s use of
Roman myth was ultimately unsuccessful in creating a lasting fascist civilization, but it left a significant
legacy in Italian culture and politics.

Nostalgia
The article explores how nostalgia can be used by populist leaders to mobilize their supporters and
undermine their opponents. It defines nostalgia as a longing for a past that is idealized and distorted. It
argues that nostalgia can create a sense of collective identity based on a shared memory of a glorious
past that is threatened by a corrupt elite or an alien other. It uses the case of Turkey under Erdogan’s
rule as an example of how nostalgia can fuel populism and authoritarianism. It also discusses how
nostalgia can be challenged by counter-narratives that expose its flaws and offer alternative visions of
the future.

Putin restoring Russia's pride

The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 left Russia struggling for relevance on the world stage, and Vladimir
Putin, a young KGB officer at the time, was left feeling humiliated. In the aftermath of the collapse, Putin
sought to restore Russia’s global importance and pride. He used his KGB background to convey a self-
controlled and confident style, and when he became president, he turned to Russia’s history to restore
national pride, focusing on World War II as a founding myth for the new Russia. Putin's focus on
restoring Russia's global status and pride has been a consistent theme throughout his presidency.
The 1950s
Summary
The article criticizes conservatives who idealize the 1950s as a golden age of American society. It argues
that nostalgia for the 1950s is based on selective memory and ignores the social problems and
inequalities that existed at that time. It cites examples of racial discrimination, gender oppression,
political repression, economic instability and cultural conformity that characterized the 1950s. It also
challenges the notion that the 1950s were a time of moral clarity and consensus, pointing out the
diversity and dissent that existed within American culture. The article concludes that nostalgia for the
1950s is a form of escapism from the challenges and complexities of contemporary society.

Summary of the summary

- A lot of nostalgia in america for the 1950 s

- Problem being, they weren't so great

- People only remember the good things about them

- Not the racism, sexism, and political represion

 Archaeology: The Telltale Art
Bro was found under a parking lot
- The car park in Leicester, England, where archaeologists found the remains of King Richard III in 2012
has been designated as a national historic site.
- Richard III was killed in 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth Field, ending his two-year reign and the
Plantagenet dynasty. He was buried without ceremony at a nearby friary.
- The discovery of his skeleton sparked a legal battle over where he should be reburied. In 2015, he was
finally laid to rest at Leicester Cathedral with royal honors.
- The car park site will be protected from any future development that could damage its historical
significance.
Buddhist temple in Pakistan
- A team of Italian and Pakistani archaeologists have discovered a 2,000-year-old Buddhist temple in
Swat Valley, Pakistan.
- The temple is one of the oldest in Pakistan and dates back to the first century B.C.E. or C.E., when
Buddhism flourished in the region under the Kushan Empire.
- The temple has a circular base that supports a dome-shaped stupa, a typical Buddhist shrine. It also has
a staircase leading to a platform where statues and offerings were placed.
- The temple is part of a larger archaeological site that includes residential buildings, coins, pottery and
other artifacts.
Fastest man alive
- The article reports on a study that claims to have found a 20,000-year-old footprint of a man who ran
as fast as an Olympic sprinter in Australia.
- The footprint was discovered among hundreds of others at Willandra Lakes Region, a World Heritage
Site that preserves evidence of ancient human occupation.
- The study’s author, Steve Webb, a biological archaeologist, calculated that one hunter was running at
37 kilometers per hour (23 miles per hour), based on his stride length and depth of impression.
- Webb suggests that the hunter was chasing prey or escaping danger, and that his speed was possible
because he was barefoot, lean and fit.
Major archaeological discoveries

Borobudur
Borobudur is a 9th-century Buddhist temple in Indonesia, built during the Sailendra dynasty. The temple
was abandoned in the 14th century, covered by volcanic ash and forgotten until it was rediscovered by
British surveyor Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1814. The discovery and restoration of Borobudur
allowed scholars to better understand the cultural, religious, and artistic achievements of the Sailendra
dynasty. The temple was preserved due to the volcanic ash that covered it, protecting it from damage
and decay.

Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of Jewish texts from the Second Temple period, discovered
between 1947 and 1956 in the West Bank near the Dead Sea. The scrolls were found in caves by
Bedouin shepherds and archaeologists, who initially did not realize their significance. The discovery of
the scrolls allowed scholars to better understand the development of Judaism and the origins of
Christianity. The scrolls were preserved due to the dry, arid conditions of the caves in which they were
found.
Lucy (fossil)
Lucy is the name given to a 3.2-million-year-old fossil of a hominid discovered in 1974 in Ethiopia. The
discovery of Lucy provided insights into the evolution of human ancestors, particularly the emergence of
bipedalism. Lucy was preserved due to being buried in sediment, which prevented scavengers from
reaching her remains and the lack of exposure to elements and erosion.

Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu: Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in Peru, built during the reign of the
Inca emperor Pachacuti. The city was abandoned during the Spanish conquest and remained unknown
to the outside world until it was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911. The discovery of Machu Picchu
allowed scholars to better understand the architectural, social, and political achievements of the Inca
civilization. The city was preserved due to being abandoned and hidden from view by the surrounding
mountains and vegetation.
Petra
Petra is an ancient city in Jordan, built by the Nabateans in the 1st century BCE. It was rediscovered by
Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812. Petra is known for its unique rock-cut architecture
and impressive water management system. The city was a major hub of trade, connecting the
Mediterranean world to India and China. The rediscovery of Petra allowed scholars to better understand
the Nabatean civilization and their role in the ancient world. Petra was preserved due to being
abandoned and hidden from view by the surrounding mountains and desert.
Rosetta stone
The Rosetta Stone was discovered by a French soldier named Pierre-Francois Bouchard in 1799 during
Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign. It is a stone slab with inscriptions in three scripts: ancient
Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic script, and Greek. The decipherment of the hieroglyphs on the Rosetta
Stone, by Jean-Francois Champollion in 1822, allowed scholars to understand the Egyptian language and
script, opening up a new understanding of ancient Egypt's history and culture. The preservation of the
Rosetta Stone was ensured by the fact that it was buried in the sand, which protected it from the
elements and damage.
Sue (fossil)
Sue is the nickname given to a 67-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex fossil discovered in South Dakota
in 1990. The discovery of Sue was one of the most complete and best-preserved T. rex fossils ever
found. Sue allowed paleontologists to gain insight into the anatomy, behavior, and evolution of T. rex.
The fossil was preserved due to being buried in sediment, which protected it from scavengers and the
elements.

Sutton Hoo
Sutton Hoo is an Anglo-Saxon burial site in England, discovered in 1939. The site contains several burial
mounds, including one with a ship burial that contained the remains of a high-ranking warrior and a
collection of grave goods, including a helmet, sword, shield, and jewelry. The discovery of Sutton Hoo
provided insights into the Anglo-Saxon culture and the burial practices of the time. The site was
preserved due to being buried and undisturbed for centuries, protected by the surrounding soil and
vegetation. The careful excavation and preservation efforts of the archaeologists also ensured that the
site remained intact and accessible for future study.
Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of the first emperor of
China, Qin Shi Huang, created in the 3rd century BCE. The army was discovered by farmers digging a well
in 1974. The discovery of the Terracotta Army has provided insight into the military and political
organization of the Qin dynasty and the emperor's quest for immortality. The army was preserved due
to being buried underground and covered with a layer of soil and vegetation.

Ancient roman city of Pompeii

- The article explores some of the new discoveries and insights about Pompeii and its people, based on a
documentary called Pompeii: Disaster Street.
- Pompeii was a Roman city that was buried by a volcanic eruption in 79 C.E., preserving its buildings,
artifacts and human remains for centuries.
- The article highlights some of the findings from recent excavations, such as:
- A street with shops, taverns and homes that reveal how people lived and worked in Pompeii.
- A bakery with an oven, millstones and bread loaves that show how bread was made and distributed in
Pompeii.
- A house with frescoes, mosaics and graffiti that reflect the social status, tastes and beliefs of its
owners.
- A garden with plants, seeds and pollen that indicate what crops were grown and eaten in Pompeii.
Paleoart
- The article is a gallery of images from a book called Paleoart: Visions of the Prehistoric Past by Zoë
Lescaze and Walton Ford.
- The book showcases various artworks depicting dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures from
different periods and styles.
- The article explains how paleoart reflects both scientific discoveries and artistic imagination, as well as
cultural and political influences.
- The article features 10 images from the book, each with a caption describing the artist, the date, the
medium, and some background information.
- but paleoart is also a field, and people that make it are called paleoartists
T-rex with feathers
- The article discusses whether T. rex had feathers or not based on fossil evidence and evolutionary
relationships with other dinosaurs.
- The article says that there is no direct fossil evidence of feathers on a T. rex, but this is not surprising
because soft structures like feathers rarely preserve as fossils
- The article says that indirect evidence suggests that T. rex may have had some feathers, especially as a
hatchling and on its head, neck, and tail
- The article says that feathers may have served various functions for T. rex, such as insulation,
camouflage, display, or communication
- The article concludes that T. rex was probably not fully feathered like a bird, but had a mix of scales
and feathers depending on its age and body part
Terms and techniques
1. Excavation: Excavation is a technique used in archaeology to uncover and study artifacts, structures,
and other material remains of past cultures. Excavations involve digging through layers of soil and
sediment to uncover these objects and features, with the goal of learning more about the people who
created them and the context in which they existed.

2. Remote Sensing: Remote sensing is a technique used in archaeology to study sites and landscapes
without physically disturbing them. This includes methods such as aerial photography, satellite imaging,
ground-penetrating radar, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), which allow archaeologists to
identify and map out buried structures and other features without excavating.

3. Zooarchaeology & Archaeobotany: Zooarchaeology and archaeobotany are subfields of archaeology

that focus on the study of animal and plant remains, respectively. By analyzing these remains found at
archaeological sites, archaeologists can learn more about the diets, economies, and environments of
past cultures, as well as the plants and animals that existed in those regions at the time.

4. Carbon Dating: Carbon dating is a technique used to determine the age of organic materials based on
the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14. By measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in a
sample and comparing it to the initial amount, scientists can calculate how long ago the material was
alive.

5. Dendrochronology: Dendrochronology is a dating technique that uses tree-ring growth patterns to

determine the age of wooden objects or structures. By comparing the width and spacing of tree rings in
a sample to a master chronology of tree-ring patterns, scientists can determine the exact year in which
the wood was cut and used.

6. Pseudoarchaeology: Pseudoarchaeology refers to claims or theories about the past that are not
based on sound archaeological evidence or methodology. This includes ideas such as ancient aliens, lost
civilizations, and other speculative or unproven theories that are not supported by the scientific
community.
 Make them Sing Again: Opera’s second act
Fashion in music
Female preformers
The article discusses how female classical performers are often judged by their appearance and clothing
choices, rather than their musical skills and expression. It argues that fashion is an important aspect of
classical performance, as it can convey the performer’s personality, mood, interpretation and message.
It also challenges the stereotypes and expectations that female performers face, such as being
glamorous, modest or feminine. It gives examples of how some female performers have used fashion to
make a statement, such as wearing African fabrics, fishtail gowns or unconventional accessories. It
concludes by calling for more attention and appreciation for what female classical performers wear, as it
reflects their artistic vision and identity.

Dress code
The article reports that the Philadelphia Orchestra has announced a new onstage dress code for its
musicians, starting from October 2021. The new dress code aims to reflect the orchestra’s commitment
to diversity, equity and inclusion, as well as to modernize its image and appeal to younger audiences.
The new dress code consists of black suits, shirts and long ties for men, replacing the traditional white
tie and tails, and full-length black dresses, skirts or pants for women. The article also mentions that
some other orchestras have adopted similar changes in their dress codes, such as the New York
Philharmonic and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.

Lady Gaga
The article showcases 19 of Lady Gaga’s most divisive fashion moments, from her early days as a pop
star to her recent role as Patrizia Reggiani in House of Gucci. The article highlights how Lady Gaga has
used fashion to express her creativity, challenge conventions and make a statement. Some of the looks
featured in the article include:

- The meat dress that she wore at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, which was made from raw beef
and designed by Franc Fernandez.

- The Armani Privé orbit dress that she wore at the 2010 Grammy Awards, which was inspired by outer
space and featured metallic hoops and spikes.

- The egg vessel that she arrived in at the 2011 Grammy Awards, which was created by Hussein
Chalayan and symbolized her rebirth as an artist.

- The Versace safety pin dress that she wore at the 2012 Milan Fashion Week, which was a tribute to
Elizabeth Hurley’s iconic look from 1994.
- The Alexander McQueen armadillo shoes that she wore at various occasions, which were part of
McQueen’s final collection before his death in 2010.

- The Brandon Maxwell white gown that she wore at the 2016 Academy Awards, which she
transformed into a jumpsuit by removing the skirt on stage.

- The Marc Jacobs oversized suit that she wore at the 2018 Elle Women in Hollywood event, which she
said represented her resistance to sexual harassment and gender norms.

- The four-in-one custom-made outfit that she wore at the 2019 Met Gala, which consisted of a pink
cape dress, a black gown, a pink slip dress and a crystal bra and panties set.

Founders
The article is about a new album by Founders, a New York City band that combines classical music with
folk, jazz and pop influences¹.

- The album is called Songs for the End of Time Vol. 1 and it features an arrangement of Olivier
Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time, a masterpiece composed in a Nazi prison camp during World
War II¹.

- The article explores how Founders reimagined Messiaen's work with their own instruments and styles,
creating a fresh and relevant interpretation for our times¹.

- The article also interviews some of the band members about their creative process, their inspiration
from Messiaen's life and music, and their hopes for the future¹.

Opera
Study in the resources - only 3.3 percent of Americans have sat down to watch a robust person sing

- 2-euro opera tickets in italy on the 18 th of September

Journey to the moon

The article reviews Somnium, a multimedia opera that premiered in Hong Kong on October 8, 2022. The
opera is based on a 17th-century novel by Johannes Kepler that imagines a journey to the moon and
explores the relationship between science and religion. The article praises the ambitious and innovative
production that combines live singing, orchestra, video projection, motion capture and virtual reality.
The article also mentions some technical glitches that occurred during the premiere, such as a battery
failure and a delayed start. The article concludes that Somnium is a remarkable achievement that
deserves to be seen by more audiences.
Giuseppe Verdi in Novi Sad
- The article reports on a multimedia performance of Rigoletto, an opera by Giuseppe Verdi, that
took place in Novi Sad, Serbia on September 4, 2021. The performance was part of Kaleidoscope of
Culture, a festival that celebrates cultural diversity and creativity. The article describes how the
performance combined live singing, orchestra, choir, ballet and video projection on a large screen in an
open-air venue. The article also highlights how the performance followed strict health and safety
measures to prevent the spread of Covid-19, such as mandatory masks, physical distancing and limited
capacity. The article quotes some of the performers and organizers who expressed their satisfaction and
gratitude for being able to perform and enjoy opera during the pandemic.

Biography of Yuval Sharon

- The article is a brief biography of Yuval Sharon, an American opera and theater director who is
known for his unconventional and innovative works. The article mentions some of his achievements and
awards, such as being the first American director to mount a production at the Bayreuth Festival,
winning the MacArthur Genius Grant, and directing operas in various locations such as train stations,
cars and warehouses. The article also lists some of his current and upcoming projects, such as co-artistic
directing The Industry in Los Angeles, artistic directing Detroit Opera, collaborating with composer John
Adams and choreographer Lucinda Childs, and creating a new opera based on Orson Welles’ War of the
Worlds.

Drive-thru opera
- The article reviews Twilight: Gods, a drive-through adaptation of Richard Wagner’s opera
Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods), presented by Lyric Opera of Chicago in a parking garage. The
article describes how the audience members drive their cars through six levels of the garage, each
featuring a different scene from the opera performed by singers, dancers and musicians. The article
praises the creative direction by Yuval Sharon, who condensed Wagner’s four-hour epic into 70 minutes
and used FM radio transmission, video projection and live sound to create an immersive experience. The
article also commends the performances by Christine Goerke as Brünnhilde, Sean Panikkar as Siegfried
and Morris Robinson as Hagen. The article concludes that Twilight: Gods is a thrilling and innovative way
to enjoy opera during the pandemic.

Short form opera

- Opera shorts: Carmen by Classic FM

Opera at the Cinema?

- The article compares watching opera in the cinema with attending live performances.

- Cinema screenings of opera can make it more accessible, affordable, and comfortable for
audiences.

- However, there is a risk of losing the magic, spontaneity, and intimacy of live theatre.
 - Cinema technology can enhance or distort the opera experience, such as through close-ups,
subtitles, and surround sound.

- Cinema opera is not a substitute for live opera, but a different way of enjoying it.

- Cinema opera can complement and expand the art form.

Trump opera?
- Trump on Show is a Cantonese opera inspired by Donald Trump and his long-lost twin brother
Chuan Pu, who lives in China.

- The opera is a satire that mixes historical events, such as Nixon’s visit to China and the US-
China trade war, with fictional elements, such as Chuan Pu’s romance with a female spy and Trump’s
encounter with Kim Jong-un.

- The opera features colorful costumes, elaborate makeup, traditional music and acrobatic
stunts. It also incorporates modern elements, such as rap songs, social media references and pop culture
jokes.

- The opera was written by Li Kui-ming, a feng shui master and political commentator who
claims to have predicted Trump’s presidency. He says he wants to use humor to bridge the cultural gap
between China and the US.

- The opera was a commercial success, selling out four shows in Hong Kong in April 2019. It also
received positive reviews from critics and audiences who praised its creativity and relevance.

- The opera has some controversial aspects, such as portraying Trump as a hero who saves the
world from nuclear war and mocking his political opponents. Some critics also questioned its accuracy
and objectivity.

Another Trump opera?

- A Cantonese opera in Hong Kong called "Trump on Show" reimagines the personal life of US
President Donald Trump and his fictional twin brother who lives in China.

- The show does not aim to focus on serious international politics, but rather uses popular
political characters to grab the audience's attention.

- The three-hour opera includes Trump's visit to China where he meets Mao and Zhou En-lai
and receives a visit from North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.

- The show features English dialogue in addition to Cantonese.

- The opera hopes to be performed at the White House or in Pyongyang for Kim Jong Un.

- The show runs until Monday at the Sunbeam Theatre, a long-established traditional
Cantonese opera venue in Hong Kong.
 - The lead actor, Loong Koon-tin, who plays Trump, portrays his special characteristics and
imitates the way he talks and his body language.

- The theme of the show is described as fresh, original, and unimaginable, with traditional
Cantonese opera elements and performing methods used to perform and interpret the roles of modern
world-leading characters.

- One audience member hopes the show will bring new ideas to improve the US-China
relationship.

X
The article is a review of Detroit Opera’s production of “X”, an opera about the life and legacy of
Malcolm X, a civil rights leader and activist. The opera was composed by Anthony Davis and premiered
in 1986. The review praises the opera for its timely and haunting portrayal of Malcolm X’s journey from
his childhood in Lansing, Michigan, to his assassination in New York City in 1965. The review highlights
the opera’s use of music, drama, and symbolism to convey Malcolm X’s transformation from a street
hustler to a Muslim minister to a human rights advocate. The review also notes the opera’s relevance to
contemporary issues of racial justice and social change. The review concludes that “X” is a powerful and
moving tribute to Malcolm X that deserves wider recognition and appreciation.
 Once more with new feelings | historical distortions
Actors and historical figures
Actors
Actresses who have portrayed [[Princess Diana]] in various films and productions have been highlighted
in a feature by The Hollywood Reporter. Kristen Stewart plays Diana in Spencer, while Emma Corrin took
on the role in season four of Netflix's The Crown, a performance that won her an Emmy nomination.
Elizabeth Debicki will play Diana in the fifth season of The Crown. Diana was portrayed by Naomi Watts
in the film Diana, which followed the princess's relationships with British-Pakistani surgeon Hasnat Khan
and Egyptian film producer Dodi Fayed. Other actresses featured in the list included Jeanna De Waal in
Diana: The Musical, Bonnie Soper in Harry & Meghan: A Royal Romance and Lesley Harcourt in William
& Catherine: A Royal Romance.

The second historical figure mentioned in the resources is Nelson Mandela. Nelson mandela was cast by
several different actors and those were: Sidney Poitier, "Mandela and de Klerk" (1997), Danny Glover,
"Mandela" (1987), Clarke Peters, "Endgame" (2009) -- "The Wire", Dennis Haysbert, "Goodbye Bafana"
(2007), David Harewood, "Mrs. Mandela" (2010), Lindani Nkosi, "Drum" (2004), Terrence Howard,
"Winnie" (2013), Morgan Freeman, "Invictus" (2009), Idris Elba, "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"
(2013).

Princess Diana
Princess Diana, born Diana Frances Spencer, was a member of the British royal family. She married
Prince Charles in 1981 and became the Princess of Wales, a title she held until their divorce in 1996.
Diana was known for her humanitarian work, particularly her efforts to raise awareness about and
support those affected by HIV/AIDS, as well as her advocacy for the banning of landmines. She was also
known for her beauty, fashion sense, and complicated personal life. She died in a car accident in Paris in
1997 at the age of 36.
The problem with cameras
There is a problem with the camera that was invented in the 1800s. and that problem is the fact it is
very hard to produce stories set in photographed times. You have to build realistic sets, and to cast
actors who look enough like their historical counterparts to be believable in those roles.

Although something that the resources haven't mentioned is the fact that this problem wasn't made by
cameras, it was a problem ever since painting was a thing.

And finally the third historical figure is Abraham Lincoln. over time around 14 "stars", have portrayed
this american president and they are: Joseph Henabery "The Birth of a Nation" (1915), Walter Huston
"Abraham Lincoln" (1930), Henry Fonda - "Young Mr. Lincoln" (1939), Raymond Massey - "Abe Lincoln in
Illinois" (1940), Hal Holbrook - "Lincoln" (1974) and "North and South" (1985), Gregory Peck - "The Blue
and the Gray" (1982), Robert V. Barron - "Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure" (1989), Jason Robards -
"The Perfect Tribute" (1991), Kris Kristofferson -"Tad" (1995), Benjamin Walker-"Abraham Lincoln:
Vampire Hunter" (2012), Daniel Day-Lewis-"Lincoln" (2012), Billy Campbell-"Killing Lincoln" (2013),
Michael Krebs "Timeless" (2016)

AI to recreate dead people

Bas Uterwijk
A Dutch artist is using modern technology to create realistic photo-style portraits of famous figures only
depicted in paint and sculpture. Bas Uterwijk, from Amsterdam, explained that he wanted to see if he
could create realistic digital renderings of key faces in history, including Vincent Van Gogh and
Napoleon. He also turned his talents to statues like Michelangelo's David and the Statue of Liberty. Bas
uses Artbreeder, a 'deep-learning' software which can create life-like images from scratch or based on a
composite of different portraits.

Otzi the Iceman

Archaeologic sensation, media star, research topic, museum object:

Ötzi is a mummy that was discovered on a glacier in Italy in 1991. He is over 5,300 years old, which
means he lived before the Egyptian pyramids and Stonehenge! Ötzi was a man from a long time ago
during the Copper Age. He had a copper axe, which was a really special tool back then. He was
murdered and naturally preserved in ice, which is why he is still around today. Ötzi is now in a museum
in Italy, where people can go and see him and his clothes and equipment. Visitors are amazed by how
clever people were even back in the Stone Age!
Color-blind casting
Color blind casting, the other way around There was a play where two different actors, one white and
one African American, played the role of MLK for three shows each. The director wanted to explore how
the words would sound different coming from two actors with different backgrounds. However, the
playwright was unhappy with the casting choice and wrote a strongly worded essay saying that the
characters should be played by African American actors unless she approves a different choice. Many
people have shared their thoughts on social media about this issue.

another article
-The production of a play about Martin Luther King, called "The Mountaintop", at Kent State University,
in Ohio, has caused a controversy. The play is a fictional account of King’s last night before he was
assassinated in Memphis. The controversy stems from the decision to have a white actor play the role of
King. The director, Nathan M. Oatman, wanted to explore issues of ownership and authenticity in
theatre. When the originally cast black actors dropped out, Oatman double cast the role of King, with a
white actor Robert Branch performing in all eight shows. Some criticised the decision as disrespectful to
the black community, and playwright Katori Hall wrote an angry column in The Root online magazine.
Others defended the casting decision, including black actress Cristal Christian, who said that “sometimes
you have to step outside the box and judge people based on character and not the colour of their skin”.
Unpopular Opinion Color-Blind Casting Isn’t Woke It’s Racist Color-blind casting means that people are
hired to act in a play or movie without looking at their skin color. This is supposed to make things more
equal for everyone. However, it can be tricky because it might not feel true to the story if someone who
doesn't look like the character is playing that role. In "Hamilton," for example, even though they cast
people of different colors, it still tells a story that might not be fair to those people. It's important for the
people who write, direct, and cast to think about how different people might feel playing certain roles.
Even though there are some problems with color-blind casting, "Hamilton" is a good example of how
theater can change and include more types of people. There is another article, actually a whole 40 page
pdf, that argues that his musical twists history into a simple tale of heroes and villains. There is another
article that says that color blind casting is good - Hamilton: The Musical is a hit production that uses
color-conscious casting to tell the story of American founding father Alexander Hamilton. This casting
allows actors of color to play historical figures who were traditionally depicted as white. The
production's creator, Lin-Manuel Miranda, was inspired by hiphop, a genre developed by Black and
Latinx artists, and this is reflected in the show's casting choices. Color-blind casting is an alternative
approach to casting actors of color in traditionally white roles. While this approach has been successful
in some instances, it does not offer the same opportunities for reinterpreting stories and addressing
issues of race and class as color-conscious casting does. Hamilton's use of color-conscious casting serves
as a model for both Broadway and Hollywood.
 1619 project
The 1619 Projectis a controversial project in the United States created by Nikole Hannah-Jones, writers
from The New York Times, and The New York Times Magazine. It is meant to change the country’s
history by talking about the effects ofslavery The project said that the United States was actually
founded in 1619 when the first slaves arrived to the country.

The project was first published in August 2019 for the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first
enslaved Africans in the Virginia Colony, The project was very controversial and had negative comments
from many historians

History and Presentism

The article discusses the problem of Presentism in the field of history, where historians interpret the
past through the lens of the present, resulting in an overemphasis on contemporary issues and a neglect
of the values and mores of people in their own times. The author highlights the consequences of this
approach, including the production of anachronistic data points for the articulation of competing
politics, and the disregard of change over time, neutralizing the expertise that separates historians from
those in other disciplines. The author also reflects on the issues with The 1619 project a best-selling
book that sits at the center of current controversies over how to teach American history, and its use of
narrow politics and historical erasures to convey its narratives.

Presentism
Presentism is a term used in historical analysis to describe the interpretation of past events or people
based on present-day values, beliefs, and perspectives. In other words, presentism is the tendency to
judge or view the past through the lens of the present, rather than in the context of the time in which it
occurred. This can lead to an oversimplified and inaccurate understanding of historical events, as it
ignores the complexity of the past and the nuances of historical context.
Portraying people in the past
sources to portray people in the past:
- Biographies
- Autobiographies
- Memoirs
- Journals
-Diaries
- Letters
- Newspaper Accounts
- Contemporary Footage
- Government records
- Interviews
- Transcripts
Autobiographies
In a nutshell, an autobiography is a self-written piece that reflects the timeline of an author's life story.

the difference between [[Biographies]] and [[Autobiographies]] is the fact that most if not all
autobiographies are about someone, written by that someone. Also autobiographies are written in first
person, while biographies tend to be written in third person.

However, an argument can be made that autobiographies' strength is also their weakness. Because that
autobiography is written by the person that it is written about, in some cases the person chooses to
leave some important parts of their life out, because they might not see the value of a normal person
reading about them.

Biographies
A biography is simply the story of a real person’s life. It could be about a person who is still alive,
someone who lived centuries ago, someone who is globally famous, an unsung hero forgotten by
history, or even a unique group of people.

It is usually written by someone else and that's where it falls short in authenticity.

In my opinion to truly know someone, you have to be that person or really close to them, and a
biography just doesn't fulfill that aspect.

While in some cases it is true that someone close to someone can write a biography about them, most
of the time it is just a random author that writes the biography, and not a person close to the person
that the biography would be about.

the difference between [[Biographies]] and [[Autobiographies]] is the fact that most if not all
autobiographies are about someone, written by that someone. Also autobiographies are written in first
person, while biographies tend to be written in third person.
Contemporary Footage
Definition

Video or audio recordings of events and people that were created at the time they occurred. This
footage may include news broadcasts, documentaries, home movies, or other recordings.

Advantages

- Provides a visual and audio record of events and people.

- Can capture nuances of behavior and interaction that may not be apparent in written sources.

- Can be compelling and engaging for viewers.

Disadvantages

- May be limited in scope or quality.

- May be edited or manipulated to create a particular narrative.

- May not capture all relevant aspects of a person or event.

Diaries
Definition

A diary is a written or audiovisual record with discrete entries arraged by date reporting on what has
happened over the course of a day or other period.

Journals vs diaries

The main difference between Journals and diary is that a journal is a personal record where you can pen
your thoughts, observations, and experiences, while a diary is a book where you note down important
things to keep track of them.

The strengths of diaries

I believe that diaries are a good way to Encapsulate the everyday life of someone and that can be very
useful when you are trying to portray people from the past
Government records
Definition

Documents and records created by government agencies that provide information on a wide range of
topics, including individuals, events, policies, and more. These records may be classified or unclassified,
and may be subject to access restrictions or other regulations.

Advantages

- Can provide detailed and comprehensive information about individuals and events.

- Often considered reliable and objective.

- May contain information that is not available elsewhere.

Disadvantages

- May be difficult to access or understand.

- May contain redactions or omissions for security or privacy reasons.

- May reflect government biases or policies.

Interviews
Definition

Conversations between a researcher or interviewer and an individual who has knowledge or experience
related to the subject of study. Interviews may be conducted in person, over the phone, or online, and
can provide valuable insights and perspectives on past events and people.

Advantages

- Can provide firsthand accounts and insights from individuals who knew or interacted with the person
being studied.

- Can offer a personal and human perspective on events and people.

- Can be tailored to specific research questions or areas of interest.

Disadvantages

- May be affected by interviewer bias or leading questions.

- May be subject to faulty memories or self-serving narratives.

- May not be representative of a larger population or perspective.

Journals
Definition:

a record of experiences, ideas, or reflections kept regularly for private use

Downfalls:

While journals can be a great way for someone to understand another person, I believe that journals can
be a bit to extreme, because I don't think that you would journal normal things into a journal, only
certain things. Which is why I think that using a journal might not be the best thing, however I do think
that if used right, it can be of use

Journals vs diaries

The main difference between Journals and diary is that a journal is a personal record where you can pen
your thoughts, observations, and experiences, while a diary is a book where you note down important
things to keep track of t

Letters
Definition:

A letter is a written message conveyed from one person to another through a medium. Something
epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing.

Use case:

The only use case of which I can think where letters would be useful is to see how a certain person talks.

Memoirs
What is a Memoir? “Memoir” comes from the French word for memory. It's a genre of literature where
the author writes about his or her memories, usually going back to childhood. Memoirs are typically
written by celebrities, world leaders, pro athletes, etc.

The difference between memoirs and autobiographies

A memoir is a nonfiction narrative in which the author shares their memories from a specific time period
or reflects upon a string of themed occurrences throughout their life. An autobiography is a factual and
historical account of one's entire life from beginning to end.

The double edged sword conserning memoirs

Memoirs have a double edged sword, and that is the fact that memoirs are emotion-focused. Which can
be a bad thing, but also good.

The good thing about memoirs being emotion-focused is the fact that it can show a persons' true
character and emotional strength unlike an [[Autobiographies|Autobiography]].

The bad thing about memoirs is that they aren't chronological or factual, sometimes things can be
overexaggerated.

Newspaper Accounts
Definition

Reports and articles published in newspapers that provide information and perspectives on past events
and people. These accounts are often written by journalists or other writers and may be subject to
editorial oversight.

Advantages

- Provides a contemporary perspective on events and people.

- Often easily accessible and widely available.

- May contain direct quotes and descriptions from individuals involved in the events.

Disadvantages

- May be biased or sensationalized.

- May contain errors or misinformation.

- May not provide a comprehensive view of the events or person.

Transcripts
Definition:

Written records of spoken language, typically created through the process of transcription. Transcripts
can include interviews, speeches, or other recorded conversations, and can be analyzed using various
linguistic or qualitative methods to identify patterns or themes.

Advantages:

- Can provide a detailed and accurate record of spoken language.

- Can capture nuances of language use and communication style.

- Can be analyzed using linguistic methods to identify patterns and themes.

Disadvantages

- May not capture nonverbal communication or other contextual information.

- May be difficult to obtain or to transcribe accurately.

- May be subject to bias or distortion in interpretation.

 ChatgenePT: Re-construction as
Reconstruction
De-extinction
To resurrect any type of species, the key element is its DNA. Unfortunately, when a living creature dies,
along with its body its DNA also degrades. Scientist for this state that DNA has a lifespan of 521 years
and if resurrection is able to happen within the limit span, yes it can be brought back. Take the dodo bird
as an example. You see, since it’s been proven of its “short” lifespan, you now know why it’s more
challenging and difficult to bring back something as remarkable as dinosaurs. Something that was alive
and breathing almost 6.8 million years ago is now impossible to consider its return because the DNA, as I
believe, is completely gone and probably perished from the surface of the earth.

1. Cloning: Cloning is known to be the only way to make an exact replica of something with its DNA,
however this is where a genome is needed for its rescue of only recent extinction or near extinction.

2. Genome Editing: Genome editing is quite tricky, but its creation won’t make the exact species just a
hybrid that resembles it.

Back-Breeding: This form of breeding is where only a particular trait is brought back into living. As a
process it doesn’t bring the species back just the genetic diversity that gives it a unique trait.

Biologists have been working to revive extinct species since 1999 when genetic material was taken from
the last bucardo, but the cloning attempt failed. Researchers are working on a similar project to save the
black-footed ferret.

Scientists may not be able to resurrect famous extinct animals like woolly mammoths, according to a
new study. The Christmas Island rat, a species that lived just over 100 years ago, could not be brought
back to life because its detailed genome wasn't complete enough. To bring back an extinct species,
scientists would first need to sequence its genome, then edit the DNA of a close living relative to match
it. The missing genes are unique to each species and are more likely to be missing the longer it has been
since an extinct species and its living relative have diverged. The thylacine, a marsupial that became
extinct 85 years ago, may be the best candidate for de-extinction, according to some scientists, as its
genome has been fully sequenced, and the missing 5% is mainly repetitive regions that won’t affect the
animal’s behavior or appearance.
De-extinction efforts:
- American chestnut
- Wooly Mammoth
- Pyrenean Ibex
- Passenger Pigeon
- Moa
- Dragon
- Dodo
American chestnut
The American chestnut tree was once a dominant species in the eastern United States, but it was nearly
wiped out by a fungus in the early 20th century. Scientists are currently working on restoring the
American chestnut tree population through a genetic engineering approach that involves introducing a
resistant gene from wheat into the tree's genome. The genetically modified trees are then crossed with
wild trees to produce offspring with the resistance gene.
Dodo
The dodo was a flightless bird that went extinct in Mauritius in the 17th century due to habitat
destruction and hunting. While there are currently no de-extinction efforts for the dodo, scientists have
been able to extract DNA from dodo specimens and study their genetics.
Moa
The moa was a flightless bird that went extinct in New Zealand around 600 years ago. Scientists are
attempting to bring back the moa through a similar process to the wooly mammoth back-breeding
technique. The DNA of the moa is being spliced into the DNA of its closest living relative, the kiwi bird.
Passenger pigeon
The passenger pigeon was once the most abundant bird species in North America, but it went extinct in
the early 20th century due to habitat loss and hunting. Scientists are exploring the possibility of bringing
back the passenger pigeon through a technique called "genetic rescue," which involves using genetic
engineering to introduce genetic diversity into the species.
Pyrenean Ibex
The Pyrenean ibex, also known as the bucardo, went extinct in 2000, but scientists were able to clone
the last known individual using DNA from skin samples. Unfortunately, the clone died shortly after birth,
but the experiment showed that de-extinction through cloning is technically feasible.
Wolly Mammoth
One of the most high-profile de-extinction efforts is focused on the wooly mammoth, which went
extinct around 4,000 years ago. Scientists are attempting to bring back the wooly mammoth through a
process called "back-breeding." This involves using DNA from well-preserved mammoth specimens to
splice genes into the DNA of an Asian elephant, which is the closest living relative to the wooly
mammoth.
Dragon
Dragons have never existed, you cant de-extinct them.
Next Messi
The article is about some young soccer players who were called “the next Messi” or “the new Pele”
because they were very good at playing soccer. But they did not become as famous or successful as
Messi or Pele because they faced many challenges and problems in their careers.

Some of these challenges were:

- Injuries that made them miss many games

- Pressure from fans and media that made them feel stressed

- Moving to different countries and teams that made them lose confidence

- Competition from other players who were better than them

The article gives some examples of these players, such as Bojan Krkic, Freddy Adu, Alexandre Pato and
Robinho.
Next Michael Jordans
quick summary
- The article is about the players who were called “The Next Michael Jordans” and how they handled
the pressure and comparison to Jordan.

- The article mentions four players: Harold Miner, Grant Hill, Kobe Bryant and LeBron James. Each
player had a different career trajectory and relationship with Jordan.

- The article also discusses how Jordan’s legacy and influence affected the NBA and its culture, such as
his competitiveness, style of play and endorsement deals.

- The article was written by Jonathan Tjarks for The Ringer website in May 2020. It was timed with the
release of “The Last Dance” documentary series about Jordan’s final season with the Bulls.

specifics
- Harold Miner was a high-flying guard who won two slam dunk contests and was nicknamed “Baby
Jordan”. He struggled with injuries and expectations and retired after four seasons in the NBA.

- Grant Hill was a versatile forward who was a seven-time All-Star and co-Rookie of the Year. He was
seen as a potential successor to Jordan until he suffered a devastating ankle injury that derailed his
prime years.

- Kobe Bryant was a five-time champion and one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history. He
modeled his game and mentality after Jordan and became his closest rival and friend. He died in a
helicopter crash in 2020.

- LeBron James is a four-time MVP and four-time champion who is widely considered as one of the best
players ever. He faced constant comparisons to Jordan throughout his career and has been involved in
debates about who is the GOAT (greatest of all time).
Obama 2.0
The article talks about a man named Hakeem Jeffries who made a really good speech in Congress. He
talked about how Democrats and Republicans should work together for the good of the country, but he
also said that Democrats will always stick to their values. He also made fun of Republicans a little bit.
Many people on social media really liked his speech and some of them even said he should become the
next President of the United States, calling him Obama 2.0

The article discusses how former President Barack Obama's legacy is playing a significant role in the
2020 US presidential campaign. Many Democratic candidates are attempting to lay claim to portions of
Obama's mantle, as they look to retake the presidency. The article notes that while some candidates
have tried to out-Obama each other with their reverence for the former President, there have been
flashes of discord over his legacy, particularly related to immigration and healthcare policies. Obama has
urged candidates to acknowledge his administration's accomplishments and build beyond them.
However, he also warned that candidates should be rooted in reality and pay attention to where voters
are to avoid becoming out of step with them. The article concludes that former Vice President Joe Biden
has the clearest claim to the Obama mantle.

UK problems
Boris Johnson has resigned as leader of the Conservative Party and the UK is now in the process of
selecting a new Prime Minister, with Rishi Sunak and Liz Truss being the final two candidates. Whichever
candidate is chosen will have to deal with high levels of inflation and potential strikes from labour
unions. Truss has announced her intention to limit the unions' ability to call strikes, with a proposal to
increase the minimum threshold for union members to approve a strike from 40% to 50%, as well as
raising the minimum notice period and introducing a cooling-off period after each strike. These
proposals have been compared by unions to the infamous Victorian workhouses, but are necessary to
curb wage growth and reduce inflation. Without these measures, the Bank of England may be forced to
raise interest rates, which could lead to a housing and financial crisis in the UK.
Character.ai
Character.AI is a new chatbot tool that allows users to create and talk to virtual characters based on
anyone, dead or alive.

- The tool uses natural language processing and generative AI to produce realistic conversations with
fictional or historical personalities.

- Users can choose from a library of pre-made characters or create their own by providing some basic
information and personality traits.

- The tool also lets users customize the appearance and voice of their characters using deepfake
technology.

- The creators of Character.AI claim that their tool is not meant to deceive or manipulate anyone, but
rather to provide entertainment and education.

Man talks to his dead GF

The article tells the story of Joshua Barbeau, a 33-year-old man who lost his fiancee Jessica to a rare liver
disease in 2012. Eight years later, he discovered an online service called Project December that allows
users to create realistic chatbots using artificial intelligence. He decided to use it to create a simulation
of Jessica, using her old messages and social media posts as data. He then started to chat with the
simulation, hoping to find closure and comfort. However, he soon became addicted to the virtual
conversation, spending hours and money on it. He also faced ethical dilemmas and emotional challenges
as he realized that the simulation was not really Jessica, but a reflection of his own memories and
desires.

The article explores the implications of using artificial intelligence to recreate lost loved ones, and how it
can affect people’s grief and mental health. It also raises questions about the morality and legality of
such services, and whether they can provide genuine healing or only temporary escape. The article is
based on interviews with Barbeau, his family and friends, experts on grief and AI ethics, and the creator
of Project December.

Neanderthals
"post-mortem facial reconstruction" helps forensic artists identify victims of crime or archaeologists to
imagine how people who lived and died long ago might have looked like. The article talks about a man
called Shanidar 1, who lived and died around 60,000 years ago, and whose remains were found in
Shanidar Cave in what is today Kurdistan, in northern Iraq. Although he was a Neandertal, the study of
his skeletal remains revealed signs of social relationships and ritual, indicating a cultural complexity
previously thought to belong only to modern humans. Shanidar 1's skeleton remains in Iraq, but in the
1970s a mold of the skull was made, and now through facial reconstruction, visitors to the Museum’s
Sphinx Gallery can view the face of this man who may have died 60,000 years ago.
Modern facial reconstruction techniques use anatomical knowledge of the human skull, as well as
advanced technology and software, to create a 3D model of a person's face. Forensic artists and
anthropologists work together to add layers of digital flesh, muscle, and skin onto the 3D skull model to
create a more lifelike representation of what the person may have looked like in life.

The process often involves analyzing the shape and structure of the skull, as well as taking into account
factors like age, sex, and ancestry. The facial features are built up gradually, and depth markers are used
to ensure that the proportions are accurate. The final result is a detailed, 3D facial reconstruction that
can provide insight into the appearance of a deceased individual.

This technique is often used by law enforcement to identify victims of crime and by archaeologists to
learn what people who lived long ago may have looked like.

Supercow
De-extinction

1. De-extinction, the idea that extinct species might soon be resurrected, receives considerable
attention in both popular and scientific literature, in particular with regard to its potential ecological and
ethical consequences.

2. Here, I review the three main pathways that are being considered at present for de-extinction: back-
breeding, cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and genetic engineering. I present the state of
the art in each pathway and discuss the limitations of each approach as a mechanism to resurrect
extinct species.

3. Back-breeding aims to concentrate ancestral traits that persist within a population into a single
individual using selective breeding. In back-breeding, ancestral phenotypes may be resurrected after
many generations, but the genes that underlie these phenotypes may differ from those that were
present in the extinct species.

4. Cloning aims to create genetically identical copies of an extinct species from preserved somatic cells.
These somatic cells are fused with egg cells from a closely related and living donor species, which causes
cellular reprogramming and embryogenesis, a scientific process known as SCNT. The developing embryo
is then brought to term within a surrogate host. Because biological remains degrade post-mortem,
cloning of long-dead organisms is not likely to be feasible.

5. Genetic engineering aims to edit the genome sequence within cells of living species so that these
genome sequences closely resemble that of a closely related extinct species. This approach draws on
recent advances in both ancient DNA and genome editing technologies and is a particularly promising
approach to de-extinction. After the genome of a living cell is edited, that living cell can then be used for
SCNT.
6. Because the phenotype of an organism is the consequence of the interaction between its genotype
and the environment in which it develops and lives, even species with cloned nuclear genomes will not
be exact copies of the extinct species on which they are modelled. We should therefore consider de-
extinction as a means to create ecological proxies for extinct species.

Supercow
Ronald Goderie, a cattle breeder trained in ecology, is collaborating with geneticists at Wageningen
University and ecologists at a non-governmental organization called Rewilding Europe to revive the
aurochs, an extinct species of wild cattle, by “back-breeding” modern cattle to take on aurochs-like
traits and then introducing herds of these doppelganger herbivores into landscapes where aurochs once
roamed. He is introducing his first 40 animals in the Côa Valley, Portugal. The goal of this project is to re-
establish a wild bovine that can help preserve biodiversity by performing the key processes of natural
grazing. There are other conservation organizations like Arbeitsgemeinschaft Biologischer Umweltschutz
that are also raising back-bred herds of faux aurochs grazing in various nature reserves in northwest
Germany. Aurochs roamed most of Europe, Asia, and northern Africa until the spread of agriculture,
which led to the demise of the species by the early 17th century. The Heck brothers, German
zookeepers, first tried to revive aurochs in the 1930s, crossing some of the most primitive and
aggressive breeds to attain a superficial resemblance to old depictions of aurochs. With the
abandonment of agriculture in Europe, the project to revive aurochs is significant for maintaining
biodiversity as ungrazed land will rapidly grow forested, crowding out wildflowers and butterflies,
leading to a loss of half of the landscape’s biodiversity.

Wax museum
Boston’s brand-new wax museum opened on July 31, 2017 at City Hall Plaza.

- The museum features more than 100 wax figures of celebrities, politicians, athletes, and historical
figures.

- The figures are arranged in themed rooms such as sports, music, Hollywood, and presidents.

- The museum also has interactive exhibits such as a replica of the Oval Office and a selfie station with
Tom Brady.

- The museum aims to provide an educational and entertaining experience for visitors of all ages.
 Breaking World Records
Time Capsules:
Arctic time capsule
Researchers buried a time capsule on an Arctic island to preserve science and technology for the future

- The capsule contains artefacts such as a hard drive with scientific papers, a piece of synthetic DNA,
and a vial of tar sands

- The capsule is designed to last for 500 years and will be opened by future generations or visitors from
other planets

- The project is part of an art installation called Future Library, which also involves planting 1,000 trees
and collecting 100 unpublished manuscripts

Importance of time capsules

Time capsules are more popular than ever, as Americans take history into their own hands

- The memorabilia we bury is often less important than what it reveals about our efforts to bypass
traditional gatekeepers of history

- Time capsules can be seen as a form of self-expression, collective memory and civic engagement

- Some examples of time capsules include a 1795 cornerstone from the Massachusetts State House, a
1939 World’s Fair capsule in New York and a 2020 pandemic capsule in Virginia

- Time capsules can also pose challenges such as preservation, vandalism and forgetting

- Time capsules reflect our hopes and fears for the future, as well as our desire to communicate with
posterity

Library of the international time capsule society

The article introduces the Library of the International Time Capsule Society (ITCS), which collects and
oversees time capsule registrations from all over the world

- The Library aims to preserve the records of time capsules in a digital format and provide public access
to them through the International Time Capsule Registry

- The Library also offers resources and guidance for anyone working with time capsules, such as
suppliers, researchers, educators, and enthusiasts

- The Library is part of the ITCS’s mission to promote time capsule science and technology, including
artificial intelligence, genealogy, and storage mediums
Oldest time capsule - 1876 century safe
1. The 1876 Century Safe: The world's first planned time capsule, containing a range of relics from the
19th century, was assembled by Anna Deihm and exhibited at the U.S. Centennial Exposition in
Philadelphia.

2. The Massachusetts State House Time Capsule: In 1795, Samuel Adams and Paul Revere placed a brass
box containing a trove of artifacts, including newspapers, coins dating back to the 1600s, and a copper
medal with an image of George Washington in a cornerstone at the Massachusetts State House. It was
rediscovered in 2014 during a water leak repair.

3. The Crypt of Civilization: In an effort to preserve all of human knowledge, Oglethorpe University's
president, Thornwell Jacobs, converted an underground chamber into a museum of civilization in 1937.
The chamber features over 640,000 pages of microfilmed books, an early television, a container of beer,
and a set of toy Lincoln Logs. The vault is set to remain closed for 6,177 years, until the year 8113 A.D.

4. The Westinghouse Time Capsules: During the 1939 New York World's Fair, Westinghouse Electric and
Manufacturing Company buried a torpedo-shaped cylinder, which they called a "time bomb." A second
capsule was buried nearby in 1965, and both are scheduled to be opened in the year 6939 A.D.

5. The Detroit Century Box: On January 1, 1901, Mayor William C. Maybury sealed a copper time
capsule at Detroit's Old City Hall containing a range of artifacts, including photographs and a list of
Detroit's mayors, to be opened on January 1, 2001. However, the box was forgotten and only
rediscovered in 2009.

6. The Expo '70 Time Capsule was a kettle-shaped capsule built by Panasonic to remain unopened for
5,000 years, containing 2,098 culturally significant objects including a ceremonial kimono, a Slinky, and
the blackened fingernail of a survivor of the 1945 Hiroshima atomic bombing.

7. The Juneau Time Capsule, located in Alaska's Federal Building, is filled with thousands of pieces of
memorabilia from the 1990s, including letters written by schoolchildren to the students of the future,
and is scheduled to be opened on New Year's Eve 2094.

8. The Future Library is a literary time capsule project that invites a new author to submit a written text
each year for 100 years, to be published in 2114, with the manuscripts held in a public library in Oslo
until their unveiling. also see [[Arctic time capsule]]
House of wisdom
The article tells the story of the House of Wisdom, a famous library and intellectual center in Baghdad
that was destroyed by Mongol invaders in 1258

- The House of Wisdom was founded by Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 8th century and expanded by his
son al-Ma’mun

- It attracted scholars from various fields and religions, such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine,
philosophy, literature and theology

- It also housed a large collection of books and manuscripts from different cultures and languages,
some of which were translated into Arabic

- The article describes how the House of Wisdom contributed to the flourishing of Islamic civilization
during its golden age and how it preserved and transmitted ancient knowledge to later generations

- The article also recounts how the Mongols under Hulagu Khan besieged Baghdad in 1258 and
massacred its inhabitants

- It was during this siege that all the books from the House of Wisdom were thrown into the Tigris
River. Many books were ripped apart and burnt, while their leather covers were kept to make sandals

- The article laments the loss of priceless knowledge and culture that resulted from this act of
barbarism

- It also reflects on how history can repeat itself when ignorance and intolerance prevail over reason
and dialogue

Library of Alexandria
The article explores the history and myths surrounding the burning of the Library of Alexandria, one of
the most famous and influential libraries in ancient times

- The library was part of a larger institution called the Museum, which was founded by Ptolemy I Soter
in 283 BC as a center of learning and culture

- The library contained hundreds of thousands of scrolls and books on various subjects, such as
philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, poetry and history

- The article examines three possible events that may have caused or contributed to the destruction of
the library:

- The first one occurred in 47 BC, when Julius Caesar set fire to his own ships during a civil war with
Pompey. The fire spread to the docks and warehouses where some of the library’s books were stored
 - The second one happened in 390 AD, when Emperor Theodosius issued a decree banning pagan
worship and ordered the destruction of temples. Some Christians attacked and burned down the
Serapeum, a temple complex that also housed part of the library

- The third one took place in 642 AD, when Arab invaders conquered Alexandria. According to a
legend, Caliph Omar ordered all books that contradicted the Quran to be burned as fuel for heating
water

- The article argues that none of these events can be conclusively proven as the sole or final cause of
the library’s demise

- It suggests that other factors such as neglect, decay, theft and censorship may have also played a role
in its gradual decline over centuries

- It concludes that while we may never know exactly what happened to the library or how much
knowledge was lost with it, its legacy lives on as a symbol of human curiosity and enlightenment

Mongol Hordes
- The article explains how a team of researchers used historical records and climate data to find out
why the Mongol invasion of Europe stopped abruptly in 1242

- The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and his successors, conquered most of Asia and parts of Eastern
Europe in the 13th century, creating the largest contiguous land empire in history

- The article describes how the Mongols used their superior mobility, strategy and weaponry to defeat
their enemies, such as Russia, Poland and Hungary

- The article also mentions some of the factors that may have influenced the Mongols’ decision to
withdraw from Europe, such as political instability, internal conflicts and resistance from local
populations

- However, the main reason that the researchers found was that the climate played a crucial role in
shaping the Mongols’ movements and actions

- The article reveals that the Mongols relied heavily on their horses for transportation and warfare,
which meant that they needed vast amounts of grasslands for grazing

- The article shows how the researchers used tree rings to reconstruct the climate conditions in
Mongolia and Eastern Europe between 1200 and 1300

- They found that Mongolia experienced a period of warm and wet weather that boosted grass
production and allowed the Mongols to expand their empire rapidly

- However, they also found that Eastern Europe experienced a period of cold and dry weather that
reduced grass availability and made it harder for the Mongols to sustain their horses

- The article concludes that this climatic mismatch was a major factor that limited the Mongols’ ability
to conquer more territories in Europe and forced them to retreat back to Asia
Triptaka Koreana
- The Tripitaka Koreana is a collection of over 80,000 wooden blocks that contain Buddhist scriptures
carved in Chinese characters

- It was created during the Goryeo dynasty (918-1392) to invoke divine protection against foreign
invasions

- It is considered one of the most complete and accurate versions of Buddhist canon in existence

- It is stored in Haeinsa Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in specially designed halls that preserve
the woodblocks naturally

- It was digitized in 2000 after nine years of research

Disaster proofing
- Using high-quality birch wood from Korea’s southern islands

- Soaking it in sea water for three years

- Cutting it into blocks and boiling it in salt water

- Placing it under a shade for three years

- Carving it with a special knife and black ink

- Coating it with poisonous lacquer to prevent decay and insects

- Framing it with metal to prevent warping

 Journalism And Expose
Brazilian Journalism
Meet Rubens Valente, a renowned Brazilian investigative journalist who in 2014 published a book
entitled "Operação Banqueiro." The book detailed the story of a 2008 police operation that involved the
imprisonment and immediate release of one of the most powerful bankers in Brazil, Daniel Dantas. The
book exposed the role of Federal Supreme Court Justice Gilmar Mendes in ensuring that Dantas evaded
prison and the collusion between Dantas' bank and members of the judicial system, including Justice
Mendes.

Shortly after the book was published, Justice Mendes sued Valente for defamation, citing "damage of
image and honor." But this was just the beginning of a years-long legal process where Justice Mendes
used his connections to completely railroad Valente. In 2016, an appellate court sentenced Valente to
pay compensation for defamation and in another appellate judgment, Valente was ordered to print
Justice Mendes' original petition and the judgment in every new copy of his book and pay BRL 310,000
which is approximately 60 000 US dollars in damages.

Independent journalism and an accountable judiciary are integral to a free and democratic state where
human rights are respected. But in Brazil, journalists are facing a crisis of increased persecution. In 2020,
580 attacks were carried out against the media in Brazil and the country's ranking in the World Press
Freedom Index continues to plummet, ranking 111th in 2021.

Valente's case exemplifies how a corrupt judiciary protects wrongdoers and perpetuates human rights
violations. Valente's lawyer, Cesar Klouri, along with Media Defence, Abraji, and RFKHR are taking the
case before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to hold Brazil internationally responsible
for the violation of Valente's human rights.

The case was submitted to the IACHR in December 2021 and is currently under initial review.

First newspaper in Africa

First newspaper in Africa was established in Mauritius in 1773 by the French

- Annonces, Affiches et Avis Divers pour les Colonies des Isles de France et de Bourbon was the first
newspaper in Africa, published on January 13, 1773 by Nicolas Lambert

- Printed in French and published weekly, contained local announcements, posters, and miscellaneous
notices for the colonies of Isles of France

- Cape Town Gazette and African Advertiser was the second oldest newspaper, first South African
newspaper printed weekly from August 16, 1800, to around 1929 by the British South African
Government

- Published in both English and Dutch, used as the government's mouth-piece

- South African Commercial Advertiser was the first independent newspaper in South Africa, first
published in 1824, printed in both English and Dutch, censored several times by the Governor of Cape
Town

- Newspapers played an important role in Africa's history, providing access to government information
and services to the public

- Critics of the government and colonies used newspapers to air their grievances and opinions

- Government used newspapers for most of its advertisements and announcements to reach a larger
audience

- Publication of newspapers was restricted by government policies and lack of sufficient technology for
frequent and bulk production

- Censorship was used by the government to redeem its image

History of interviewing

- The interview is one of the most important parts of modern day journalism, but it did not exist just 2
centuries ago.

- While newspapers in America date back to the late 1600s, it wasn’t until the 1830s that leading urban
dailies started hiring reporters to gather news.

- The rise of commercially minded penny papers in the 1830s made local news reporting a specialty of
the press.

- The newspaper interview was invented in the mid-19th century, with Gordon Bennet in 1836 and
Horace Greeley in 1859 as possible inventors.

- From the beginning, this new form of journalism in which a reporter questioned and then quoted a
public figure by name came under heavy criticism.

- American journalists taught Europeans that their own elites would submit to interviews, and by 1897,
an American named James Creelman became the first person to interview the president of France.

- Interviewing developed its own etiquette, with early interviewers taking pride in their recall rather
than their stenography.

- Can an interviewee retract what he has said? Yes, but it was standard practice to submit the interview
to its subject for corrections before publication.

- In the late nineteenth century, politicians ordinarily spoke only to reporters whose papers supported
them, and interviewing was often only puffery.
Investigative journalism
- Investigative journalism is a crucial aspect of modern day journalism

- Major components of investigative journalism include systematic, in-depth, and original research and
reporting

- Often involves unearthing secrets, use of public records and data, with a focus on social justice and
accountability

- Story-Based Inquiry defines it as "exposing to the public matters that are concealed, either
deliberately or accidentally"

- VVOJ defines it as "critical and in-depth journalism"

- Should not be confused with "leak journalism," which is quick-hit scoops gained by leaking documents
or tips

- Best investigative journalism employs a careful methodology with heavy reliance on primary sources,
hypothesis forming and testing, and rigorous fact-checking

- Investigative journalism is important in pioneering new techniques, such as using computers for data
analysis and visualization

- It raises the bar for the entire profession and ensures those in power are held accountable while
keeping the public informed
 Here We Go Again: History Redux
Dioramas:
Names:
Aaron Delehanty
Aaron Delehanty is an artist who specializes in constructing dioramas, which are three-dimensional
miniature models of animals and people in their habitats. He describes himself as "building time
machines" as dioramas are intended to build a replica of a specific ecosystem and to do it with such
precision that they become time capsules for that environment. He studied studio art and painting at
the Art Institute of Chicago and the San Francisco Art Institute before getting a job constructing
dioramas for the Field Museum in Chicago. He has transported museumgoers back to places such as
southern China in 5500 BC and east Africa in 1896 through his dioramas. He steeps himself in research
to provide verisimilitude in his dioramas, by looking at satellite imagery, videos, books and journal
articles.

Carl Akeley
Carl Akeley was a taxidermist who worked at the Milwaukee Field Museum and is considered the "father
of the habitat diorama" and "father of modern taxidermy". He is known for creating the “Akeley
method” which involved creating a custom artificial environment, including rocks, soil, trees, sky, and
whatever else was seen in the field for a group of animals. He went on to work at the Field Museum in
Chicago and the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, and his exhibits influenced
science and art institutions worldwide. He was an ardent conservationist and believed that if
museumgoers could immerse themselves in the natural world, they would be more likely to protect it.
He travelled to far-flung locations to collect specimens and know their subjects and surroundings
intimately. He collected four striped hyenas in 1896 and his collection was used to build a diorama in
2015.

Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. He was a
hunter and an ardent conservationist who believed that if people could immerse themselves in the
natural world, they would be more likely to protect it. He was a friend of Carl Akeley, the "father of the
habitat diorama" and "father of modern taxidermy" and together they influenced science and art
institutions worldwide. His sons Theodore Jr. and Kermit collected the specimens for the giant panda
exhibit at the Field Museum, which was unveiled in 1931. He also established the U.S Forest Service, the
National Park Service, and signed the 1906 American Antiquities Act, which created the first national
monuments, such as the Grand Canyon, to protect natural areas for public use and enjoyment.
Theodore Jr. And Kermit
Theodore Jr. and Kermit were two of President Theodore Roosevelt's sons. They collected the specimens
for the giant panda exhibit at the Field Museum, which was unveiled in 1931. Theodore Jr. served as a
Brigadier General in World War II, and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his service. He also served
as Governor of Puerto Rico and Assistant Secretary of War. Kermit, on the other hand, was an explorer,
big game hunter, and author. He accompanied his father on several expeditions, including an expedition
to the Amazon and an exploration of an unknown tributary of the River of Doubt in Brazil, later named
Rio Kermit. He also wrote books about his adventures and was a member of the Explorers Club.

Emily Graslie
Emily Graslie is a science communicator and the host of the YouTube series "The Brain Scoop" which is
filmed at the Field Museum. She led a 2015 crowdfunding campaign that raised $155,165 to create a
suitable diorama exhibit for four striped hyenas collected by Carl Akeley in 1896, the first diorama at the
museum in decades. The exhibit was built by a team which included artist Aaron Delehanty, who was
thrilled to work on the project as the taxidermist was Carl Akeley, the "father of the habitat diorama"
and the "father of modern taxidermy". Emily Graslie's work through her YouTube series helps to educate
and inspire people to appreciate and understand science, natural history and the workings of a natural
history museum.

Definitions:
Diorama
A diorama is a three-dimensional miniature model or display of a scene or setting, often used to depict
historical or natural environments. They are typically found in museums, science centers, and natural
history exhibits, and can be used to depict a wide range of subjects, including historical events, natural
landscapes, and scenes of wildlife in their natural habitats. Dioramas often include detailed replicas of
plants, animals, and other elements of the environment, and are often lit and arranged to create the
illusion of depth and movement. They are often used as a tool for education and storytelling, allowing
visitors to experience a scene or environment in a lifelike and immersive way.

Akeley method
A method Carl Akeley used when doing taxidermies, which consisted of: getting the skeleton, adding a
layer of clay, and then adding the skin that came from the animal
Poble Espanyol
Poble Espanyol is an open-air museum located in Barcelona, Spain. It was built for the 1929 World Fair
and features replicas of traditional buildings from different regions of Spain. Visitors can stroll through
the complex, immersing themselves in the authentic Spanish way of life, and admire the architecture,
watch local craftsmen work, and buy local crafts and souvenirs. The museum also features a multimedia
area, where visitors can immerse themselves in five different regions of the country, and a Museum
Fran Daurel with works by famous artists such as Picasso, Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró. The admission
ticket includes entrance to the museum and the sculpture garden. Visitors can also take a break at the
picnic area and enjoy the Mediterranean atmosphere. There are events and concerts held in the
evenings and on weekends during the summer season. The history of Poble Espanyol is that it was built
for the 1929 World Fair, and it was supposed to be demolished after the exhibition. However, it was so
popular that the residents successfully prevented the demolition. The Poble Espanyol underwent
restoration and modernization from the 1990s.

Heritage Park
Heritage Park Historical Village is a living history museum located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It
recreates an 1870s prairie town and has over 150 exhibits and attractions, including historical buildings,
costumed interpreters, and vintage transportation. Visitors can experience what life was like in early
Western Canada and learn about the history of the region. Some of the highlights include a steam-
powered train, an antique midway, a replica of an early oil boomtown, and a working farm. Heritage
Park is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Calgary, and is open seasonally from May to
September.

Millennium City park

The Millennium City Park is a large-scale historical and cultural theme park located in Kaifeng, China, on
the western shore of Longting Lake. It was founded in 1992 and opened to the public in 1998. The park
recreates the social customs, lifestyle and architecture of the ancient city of Kaifeng during the Northern
Song Dynasty. Using the painting "Millennium City" by the famous artist Zhang Zeduan as inspiration,
the park allows visitors to experience what life was like in Kaifeng one thousand years ago. It features
streets, shops, hotels, mansions and houses along the Bianhe River, as well as an imperial garden,
pavilions and other buildings that showcase the imperial lifestyle of the time.
Frontierland
Frontierland at Disneyland Resort is a themed land that recreates the wild west era of America's past
through its architecture, sights, sounds and attractions. The land is designed to take guests on a journey
through the history of America's western expansion, from the bustling river fronts of the Mississippi and
Missouri Rivers of the late 1700s to the raucous and dusty desert southwest of the 1880s. The land
features historical elements such as the Mark Twain Riverboat, Sailing Ship Columbia, Davy Crockett's
Explorer Canoes, and Tom Sawyer Island that are designed to give guests a sense of what life was like
during the days of covered wagons and stagecoaches, and the advent of the railroad and romantic
riverboats. Furthermore, Disneyland Resort has incorporated more cultural influences into Frontierland,
such as Mexican culture, to give guests a more authentic and diverse experience of the past. Overall,
Frontierland at Disneyland Resort is an immersive and educational experience that allows guests to
learn about the history of America's western expansion in an interactive and fun way.

Food:
Medieval times food
- Medieval Times is a popular destination for entertainment and dining

- The author and a companion visited the castle in Lyndhurst, New Jersey

- They evaluated the food and drinks offered, including the grog, garlic bread, tomato stew, starch
tuber, fowl leg, and boar rib

- They also mention a heated towel provided for cleaning hands

- Overall, the food was not highly praised with the exception of the garlic bread and the heated towel
was considered a luxury.

Thermopolium
- The name means hot things, or hot shop

- it was a bar for snacks and drinks in roman times

Understanding ancient menus

- A recent tasting in New York City featured food reconstructions of ancient dishes from various
continents and eras.

- The dishes were prepared as part of a scholarly symposium called "Appetite for the Past" hosted by
New York University's Institute for the Study of the Ancient World.

- The recipes were created using a combination of molecular evidence, archaeological analysis, and
culinary instinct.
- Yitzchak Jaffe, an anthropological archaeologist specializing in ancient China, was puzzled by the
patterns of use on a ceramic cooking pot found in a Chinese cemetery.

- He joined forces with Karine Taché, an anthropologist at Queens College, to analyze the ancient food
residue on the pot.

- Using lipid extraction, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, Taché identified millet as a
potential ingredient in the dish.

- The team recruited a chef to experiment with different ways of preparing millet that might result in
the unusual soot and oxidation pattern observed on the ancient pot.

- They found that cooking millet stew with a clay pot tipped on its side came closest to emulating the
patterns on the ancient vessel.

- The team still has unanswered questions about the pot, such as where it was used, what else was in
the pot, and how it was exposed to heat.S

Titanic first class meal

- The RMS Titanic met its tragic fate on April 15, 1912, sinking after hitting an iceberg

- On the evening of April 14th, the first-class passengers enjoyed a final meal on the ship

- The first-class passengers were some of the wealthiest and most prominent members of society

- The ship had multiple dining rooms, including a Parisan café and a tropical-themed Veranda café

- The first-class menu consisted of 10 courses, including oysters, salmon, filet mignon, lamb, roast
squab, and various desserts

- Wines were paired with each course

- in honor of the centennial of the Titanic's sinking, many restaurants and supper clubs are recreating
the final meal

- The Balmoral cruise ship will re-create the menu as close as possible as it sails the same course as the
Titanic, but will only have 7 courses.
Living Future Museums:
Tomorrowland
- Tomorrowland is an electronic dance music (EDM) festival held annually in Belgium.

- Started in 2005, it has grown to be one of the largest and most popular EDM festivals in the world.

- Takes place in the town of Boom, Belgium, and features top DJs and musicians from around the world.

- The festival's atmosphere emphasizes a positive, futuristic and optimistic outlook on life.

- The festival is known for its large, elaborate stages and decorations, as well as its use of cutting-edge
technology to enhance the experience for attendees.

- In addition to the music, Tomorrowland also offers a variety of other entertainment and activities,
such as art installations, theater performances, and interactive games.

- In recent years, Tomorrowland has expanded to include editions held in other countries, such as the
United States, Brazil, and Portugal.

- Tomorrowland has a strong online presence, with its own YouTube

Museum of the Future

- The Museum of the Future is a futuristic museum concept aimed at showcasing and exploring cutting-
edge technology and innovations.

- It is a space for visitors to experience and learn about new technologies, as well as their potential
impact on society and the world.

- The museum offers interactive exhibits, workshops, and events that allow visitors to actively engage
with technology and understand its implications.

- Topics covered by the Museum of the Future can include AI, robotics, biotechnology, energy, and
more.

- The Museum of the Future seeks to inspire visitors to think about the future and to consider how they
can contribute to shaping it.

- It also serves as a platform for collaboration between scientists, engineers, artists, and other creative
individuals, to drive innovation and spark new ideas.

- The Museum of the Future can be found in several cities around the world, including Dubai and
Moscow.

- It is a unique and innovative institution that offers a glimpse into what the future may hold and how
technology will continue to shape our world.
World of Tomorrow
- "World of Tomorrow" is a 1939 World's Fair in New York City, USA.

- It was a major cultural event that showcased the latest advancements in technology, design, and
industry.

- The fair was attended by millions of people from around the world and was a celebration of human
progress and a vision of a better future.

- The theme of the World of Tomorrow was "Building the World of Tomorrow" and it aimed to inspire
people to think about the future and to imagine the possibilities of what could be achieved.

- The fair showcased numerous exhibits, including innovations in transportation, architecture,

medicine, and communication.

- The World of Tomorrow was also known for its iconic structures, such as the Trylon and Perisphere,
which symbolized the fair's futuristic theme.

- The fair left a lasting impact on American culture and had a profound influence on the way people
thought about the future.

- Many of the concepts and ideas introduced at the World of Tomorrow, such as the use of nuclear
energy and advanced communications technology, later became a reality.

Crystal Palace
- The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass building originally constructed in London, England in
1851.

- It was built for the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, an international exposition
showcasing the latest advancements in science, technology, and culture from around the world.

- The building was designed by Joseph Paxton and was known for its innovative and expansive use of
glass, which created a light and airy atmosphere inside.

- The Crystal Palace was widely praised for its stunning architecture and was considered a marvel of
engineering and design.

- After the Great Exhibition, the building was moved to a new location in South London, where it was
used as a venue for various events, exhibitions, and concerts.

- The Crystal Palace also became a popular destination for recreation and entertainment, with its large
park and various attractions.

- The building was destroyed by fire in 1936, but its legacy lives on as a symbol of innovation and
progress in the Victorian era.
American National Exhibition
- The American National Exhibition was a cultural event held in Moscow, Soviet Union in 1959.

- It was a major exhibition showcasing the latest advancements in American technology, design, and
culture.

- The exhibition was organized as part of the cultural exchange program between the United States and
the Soviet Union and aimed to improve relations between the two countries.

- The American National Exhibition was held in Sokolniki Park in Moscow and was attended by millions
of Soviet citizens.

- The exhibition included a range of exhibits, from cutting-edge technologies such as computers and
nuclear power, to American consumer goods and design.

- The exhibition also included an iconic "Kitchen Debate" between then-Vice President Richard Nixon
and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, where the two leaders discussed the merits of capitalism and
communism.

- The American National Exhibition had a significant impact on the Cold War and was seen as a
powerful symbol of American strength and cultural influence.

- Today, it is remembered as an important moment in the cultural exchange between the United States
and the Soviet Union, and as a testament to the power of diplomacy and cultural exchange to improve
relationships between nations.

Pilmoth Patuxet
Plimoth Plantation is a living history museum in Plymouth, MA that recreates a 17th century English
village

- The exhibit includes actors portraying historical residents in a carefully researched and reconstructed
environment

- The museum also includes a fort, water-powered mill, and barns with heritage breeds of livestock

- Visitors can also visit a Wampanoag village and a replica of the Mayflower

- Costumed interpreters act as guides, explaining daily village life and answering questions

- The Wampanoag Homesite includes traditional "wetu" huts and staff demonstrate time-honored
crafts and activities

- Mayflower II is a full-scale reproduction of the ship the Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth in 1620, located in
Plymouth Harbor near Pilgrim Memorial State Park

- The Mayflower II has been away for restoration and will return in time for the 400th anniversary
during Memorial Day Weekend, 2020.
Critic of Pilmoth Patuxet
- Native Americans in Massachusetts are calling for a boycott of Plimoth Patuxet Museums, a popular
living history museum featuring colonial reenactors

- Members of the state's Wampanoag community and their supporters say the museum has not lived
up to its promise of creating a "bi-cultural museum" that equally tells the story of the European and
Indigenous peoples that lived there

- They say the "Historic Patuxet Homesite," the portion of the mostly outdoor museum focused on
traditional Indigenous life, is inadequately small, in need of repairs and staffed by workers who aren't
from local tribes

- The museum changed its name from Plimoth Plantation to Plimoth Patuxet as part of a yearlong
celebration of the 400th anniversary of the Mayflower landing

- Museum spokesperson Rob Kluin says the museum has expanded the outdoor Wampanoag exhibit,
raised more than $2 million towards a new Indigenous programs building and has "several initiatives in
place" to recruit and retain staff from Native communities

- The statement also cited a pair of grants the museum received to boost its Native American education
programming

- Carol Pollard, whose late brother Anthony "Nanepashemet" Pollard played a key role in the
development of the museum's Indigenous programming, was among those dismayed at the state of the
site and the lack of traditional attire among the staff

Ulster American Folk Park

- The Ulster American Folk Park is a living history museum located in County Tyrone, Northern
Ireland
- The park tells the story of the emigration of people from Ulster to America in the 18th and 19th
centuries

- Visitors can experience what life was like for immigrants on both sides of the Atlantic through
exhibits, demonstrations, and re-enactments
- The park features over 30 historic buildings including a thatched cottage, a church, and a printing
press
- The park also has an exhibit about the RMS Titanic, highlighting the story of the ship and its
connection to the local area

- The park is operated by the Northern Ireland Environment Agency and is open to the public year-
round with seasonal hours.
 Out of CSight, out of Mind
CSI effect
Article 1
The article is titled "The CSI Effect" and it is a chapter from the Oxford Handbook of Topics in Law¹.
It discusses how television shows that depict forensic science can influence jurors' expectations and
evaluations of forensic evidence in real trials. The authors review four aspects of the CSI effect: the
theory behind it; the perception of it among legal actors such as judges, lawyers and police; the
academic treatment of it in terms of empirical research and theoretical models; and how courts
have responded to it by issuing jury instructions, admitting expert testimony or limiting forensic
evidence. The article concludes that the CSI effect is a complex phenomenon that requires more
nuanced and rigorous investigation.

Article 2
The article discusses how forensic evidence and the "CSI effect" can influence criminal law cases.
The "CSI effect" refers to the phenomenon that jurors who watch forensic crime shows have higher
expectations and demands for forensic evidence in real trials, which can affect their verdicts. The
article explains how forensic evidence is collected, analyzed and presented in court, and what
challenges it poses for both prosecutors and defense attorneys. The article also provides some tips
for lawyers who deal with forensic evidence cases, such as hiring experts, challenging unreliable
evidence, educating jurors and using visual aids. The article concludes by emphasizing the
importance of having a seasoned criminal defense attorney who can handle complex forensic
evidence cases.
Definitions
- Alternative Light Sources: These are specialized lights used by forensic investigators to reveal
evidence that is not visible to the naked eye, such as body fluids, fibers, and bruises.
- Toxicology: This is the study of the effects of toxins or drugs on living organisms. In forensic
investigations, toxicology is used to determine whether drugs or other substances played a role in a
person's death or impairment.

- Ballistics: This is the study of the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, such as bullets,
firearms, and explosives. In forensic investigations, ballistics is used to determine the trajectory of a
bullet, the type of weapon used, and the distance between the shooter and the victim.
- Bloodstain pattern analysis: This is the examination of the size, shape, and location of bloodstains
to reconstruct the events that led to their creation, such as the type of weapon used and the
position of the victim.
- Patent vs. Latent print analysis: Patent prints are visible prints left by fingers or other body parts,
while latent prints are invisible prints that require special techniques to reveal. Forensic
investigators use both types of prints to identify suspects or victims.
- Forensic entomology: This is the study of insects and other arthropods to determine the time of
death or other aspects of a crime scene.
- Forensic ecology: This is the study of ecological relationships and patterns to help solve crimes,
such as determining the origin of soil or plant material found at a crime scene.

- Forensic genetics: This is the use of DNA analysis to identify suspects or victims, determine
paternity or kinship, and provide other forms of evidence in criminal investigations.
- DNA phenotyping: This is the use of DNA analysis to predict physical traits, such as eye and hair
color, from DNA samples found at a crime scene.
- Geolocating with stable isotopes: This is the use of stable isotopes found in soil or water to
determine the geographic origin of a person or object.

- Cloud forensics: This is the use of forensic techniques to investigate crimes committed using
cloud computing or online services, such as cyberbullying or identity theft.

Recreating scenes
Lincoln's assasination
On the morning of April 14, 1865, Booth learned of President Lincoln ’s intention to visit
Ford’s Theatre that evening. He and his co-conspirators planned to attack not only Lincoln, but also
Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward). Familiar with the
theatre’s layout, Booth entered the Presidential Box at 10:00 p.m. and fired one shot into the back of
Lincoln’s head. He also stabbed the Lincolns’ guest, Major, before escaping into the night.
Article 1
The article discusses the rise of animated news videos that recreate or dramatize real events using
computer graphics. It focuses on Next Media, a Hong Kong-based company that produces such
videos for various markets, especially Taiwan and China. The article examines the ethical and legal
implications of using animation to report news, as well as the potential benefits and challenges for
journalism. It also features some examples of Next Media’s videos, such as Tiger Woods’s car crash,
Gordon Brown’s alleged bullying and Steve Jobs’s health problems. The article concludes by asking
whether animated news is blurring the line between fact and fiction, or offering a new way of
storytelling.