Abbreviations
CD: Conduct Disorder
AA: AlcoholicAnonvmous
AAMR: American Association on Mental Retardation
AN: Anorexia Nervosa
ABPN: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
ACT: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
AD: Alzheimer's Disease (or) Adjustment Disorder
AIMS: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
ADD: Atention Deficit Disorder
ADHD: Atention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
APA: American Psychiatric Association
ARDSI: Alzheimer's &Related Disorders Society of India
ASPD: Antisocial Personality Disorder
ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder
ATS: Amphetamine-Type Stimulant
AvPD: Avoidant Personality Disorder
BAL: Beck Anxiety Inventory
BDI: Beck Depression Inventory
BDRS: Bipolar Depression Rating Scale
BED: Binge Eating Disorder
BDD: Body Dysmorphic Disorder
BEHAVE: AD Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease DMHP: District Mental Health Program
BHS: Beck Hopelessness Scale
BMI: Body Mass Index
BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
BPSD: Behavioral and Psychological
Dementia Symptoms of DSM-IV:
CATIE-AD: Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of
Effeciveness for Alzheimer's Disease. Intervention
CA: Chronological Age
CAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
CAMQ: Common Mental Disorder
(Questionnaire
CAPU: Child and Adolescent Psychiaric Unit
CAT: Cognitive Analytic Iherapy
CBCL: Child Behaviour Checklist
CBT: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
XX
CG: Clinical Global Impressions
CGI-C: Clinical Global Impression of Change
CID: Critical Incident Debriefing
CIT:Crisis Intervention Team
CIMH: Center for International Mental Health
CLF: Community Living Facility
CMAI: Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory
CMHN: Community Mental Health Nurse
CNS:Central Nervous System
CPRP: Community Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program
CRH: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
CROMP: Centre for Rehabilitation of Mental Patients
CRSD: Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders.
CT: Computed Tomography
CVA:Cerebrovascular Accident
DBS:Deep Brain Stimulation
DID: Dissociative Identity Disorder
DiG: DiGeorge Syndrome
DLB: Dementia with Lewy body
DBT: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy
DISC: Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children
DMHT: District Mental Health Team
DOES: Disorder of Excessive
Somnolence
DPN: Diploma in Psychiatric Nursing
DSH: Deliberate Self Harm
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 4th Edition
DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 5th Edition
DT: Delirium Tremens
DXM: Dextromethorphan
DZP: Diazepam
ED: Emotional Disturbances
EBP: Evidence Based
ECT: ElectroconvulsivePractice
Therapy

ECG:Electrocardiogram
Disorder Not otherwise Specified
EDNS:Eating
EEG: Electroencephalogram
EMG:Electromyogram
Intervention Team
EIT:Early Mobile Psychiatric Services
EMPS: EmergencyMental IlIness
EOMI: Episodes of Depression scale
EPDS: Edinburgh PostnatalQuestionnaire
EPO:Eysenck Personality
EPS: Extrapyramidal Symptoms
EQ: EmotionalQuotient
ERP: Exposure and Response
Prevention
Disorder
EUPD: Emotionally Unstable Personality
FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
FAA: Food Addicts Anonymous
FAP:Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
FAST: Functional Assessment staging
FGA: First-Generation Antipsychotic
FTD: Formal Thought Disorder (or) Frontotemporal
Dementia
GA: Gamblers Anonymous
GABA: Gamma Amino Butyric Acid
GAD:Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale
GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning scale
GAI: Geriatric Anxiety Inventory
GAS: General Adaptation Syndrome
GBL: Gamma-Butyrolactone
GGT: GammaGlutamyl Transpeptidase
GHB: Gamma Hydroxybutyric acid
item version
GHQ-12: General Health Questionnaire, 12
Assessment,
GRADE:Grading of Recommendations
Development and Evaluation
GTS: Gilles de Tourette's Syndrome
GIP:Global Initiative in Psychiatry
HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
HGH: Human Growth Hormone
HT: Healing Touch
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Abbreviations
IDS: Inventory of Depression Symptomatology
ITP: Inferior Ihalamic Peduncle
ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th
Revision
IEC: Information Education Communication
IED: Intermittent Explosive Disorder
IOP: Intensive Outpatient Program
IPT: Interpersonal Therapy
ILA: Indian Lunacy Act
IQ: Intelligent Quotient
IR: Immediate release
IRF: Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility
IRR: Incidence Rate Ratio
ISMH: Indian System of Medicine &Homeopathy
Online
ISMO: International Society for Mental Health
ISPN: Indian Society of Psychiatric Nurses
ITAQ: Insight and Treatment Attitude
Questionnaire
ITT: Intention to treat
LAAM: Levacetylmethadol
LSD: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
MA: Mental Age
Scale
MADRS: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating
MAOIs: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
MARIs: Mono Amine Reuptake Inhibitors
MBCT: Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy
MBSR: Mindfulness Based Stress
Reduction
MDAD: Mixed Depressive Anxiety Disorder
MDD: Major Depressive Disorder
MDE: Major Depressive Episode
MDMA: Methylene Dioxy Phenethylamine
MDP: Manic Depressive Psychosis
MFT: Marriage and Family Therapist
MHA: Mental Health Act
MI: Motivational Interviewing
MMD: Major Mental Disorder
MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination
MPA: Medico Pastoral Association
MR: Mental Retardation
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MSIR: Morphine Sulphate IR
MSW: Master of Social Work
People
MHCOP: Mental Health Care of Older
MH Hx: Mental Health History
MHW: Mental Health Worker
 Nursing for BSc
Textbook of Psychiatric PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post SSRI Sex
PSSD: Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (or)
Disorder
NA: Narcotics Anonymous
Diagnosis Association PSW: Psychiatric Social Worker
North American Nursing
NANDA:
Alliances for the Mentally
Ill PANSS-EC: Positive and Negative Symptom Scal.
NAMI: National Complementary and Excitement Component
for
NCCAM: National Centre
Alternative Medicine
for Mental Health
NCMH: National Council
NE: Norepinephrine QTc: Corrected QT interval
NES: Night Eating Syndrome
NIA: National Institute on Aging
Health
NIMH: National Institute of Mental
Institute of Mental Health and RAS: Reticular Activating System
NIMHANS: National
Neurosciences REM: Rapid Eye Movement
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
NCMH: National Council for Mental Health (or) National REBT:
Center for Mental Health RLS: Restless Leg Syndrome
NINCDS/ADRDA:National Institute of Neurological and RTC: Residential Treatment Center
Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease
and Related Disorders Association
NMS: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome SAD: Seasonal Affective Disorder (or) Separation An:
NMHP: National Mental Health Programme Disorder (or) Social Anxiety Disorder
NPI: Neuropsychiatric Inventory
SDMI: Severe Disabling Mental Illness
NPI-NH or NPI/NH: Neuropsychiatric Inventory-
Nursing Home
SCC: Subcallosal Cingulate Cortex
NPI-Q: Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire SDD: Specific Developmental Disorders
STN: Subthalamic Nucleus
NREM: Non-Rapid Eye Movement
NQF: National Quality Forum SAS: Simpson-Angus Scale
SFRS: Schneider's First Rank Symptoms of Schizophre
SGA: Second-Generation Antipsychotic
OCD: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder SIB: Severe Impairment Battery
ODD: Oppositional Defiant Disorder SMD: Standardized mean difference
ODDRS: Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale SSRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
OPQ: Occupational Personality Questionnaire SNRI: Selective Serotonin and
Inhibitor Norepinephrine Reupt
SPD: Schizoid Personality
Disorder.
SUD: Substance Use Disorder
PCP: Phencyclidine
PD: Parkinson disease SZA: Schizoaffective Disorder.
PBD: Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
PCIT: Parent Child
PCLN: PsychiatricInteraction Therapy
Consultation Liaison Nurse TAT: Thematic
PDD: Pervasive
PDD: PersistentDevelopmental Disorder TBI: TraumaticAppreciation
Brain
Test
PE: Prolonged Depressive Disorder
Injury
TCA: Tricyclic Antidepressant
PET: Positron Exposure Iherapy TCL: TraininDyskinesia
g in Community Living
PESU: Emission Tomography TD: Tardive
Psychiatric Emergency Service Unit
PHP: Partial THC: Tetrahydrocannabinol
Hospitalization
PLMD: Periodic Limb Program
PPD: Paranoid
Postpartu
Movement Disorder
Personality Disorder
PRS: Psychiatricm Psychosis
PPP:
THP:Trihexyphenidyl
TLE: Temporal Lobe
Epilepsy
TMD:Transitory Mood Disorder
TMS:
Xxi Rehabilitation Services Transcrani
TRADA: Total al Magnetic Stimulation
Response to Alcohol and Drug Abuse

TRD: Treatment-Resistant Depression
TRH: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
TS: Tourette syndrome
TT: Therapeutic Touch
TIA: Transient ischemic attack
Abbreviations
WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
WIAT: Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
WHO: World Health Organization
WRAT: Wide Range Achievement Test

XR: Extended release

vCA/S: Ventral Capsule and Ventral Striatum
VNS: Vagus Nerve Stimulation
VTA: Ventral Tegmental Area
VH: Visual Hallucinations YBOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
VTE: Venous thromboembolism YGTSS: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.

WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

WFMH: World Federation for Mental Health
 Know the Differences
,
Defense
Mechanism and Coping Mechanism
pefense mechanism 3. Hallucination and Illusion
ris a false Coping mechanism Hallucination Illusion
cves that acoping mechanism It
rom the temporary relief
helps to deal with the Misperception without an external Misperception with an
psychological stressors and cope up with stimuli
Fxample: Rationalization.stressors. situations
external stimuli

Types - Auditory, visual, olfactory, Types- Pareidolic,

subiimation, Regression, Example: Yoga, Meditation, gustatory, tactile or haptic, hypnagogic, Completion and Affect.
Repression etc.
Relaxation therapy, Play hypnopombic, command or telological,
Psychosis and Neurosis therapy, etc. liliputian, kinesthetic, functional, reflex,
extracampine and Autoscopy.
Categories Aspects 4. Echopraxia,
Etiology Psychosis Neurosis Echolalia, Perseveration and
Stressful events More Coprolalia
Genetic factors More significant Less significant
Clinical significant Less significant Echopraxia Echolalia Perseveration Coprolalia
manifesta Personality Affected Not as a whole
Mimic the Mimic the Persistent Repeated
activities words spoken repetition of words use of
tions (Only part of done by
the personality by others beyond the point of obscene
others relevance
is involved) Words
Disorganized Present Absent
5. Ambivalence and Conflict
speech
Ambivalence Conflict
Disorganized Present Absent
behavior Co-existence of two opposing Co-existence of two opposing
forces or impulses, desires, forces or impulses,desire,
Delusions and Present Absent ideas or emotions in one
ideas or emotions between
hallucinations individual two individual
Cognitive Common Rare 6. Flight of ideas and
disturbances Loosening of Association
Disturbances in Common Aspects Flight of ideas
Loosening of
Rare
perception and association
Definition Rapid shifting of one
thinking Rapid shifting of one
idea to other idea idea to other idea
Insight Absent Present with the presence of
Reality testing Common context
without having any
Absent Present Common context
and Judgment Example Nurse asking patient,
Risk of Self Did you have
Nurse asking patient,
High Low breakfast? Did you have breakfast?
harm Answer: Ilike to eat Answer: | like to travel
|Treatment Medications Major Minor
idly. Ifeel biryani is
good always. Sweets
more. Ihate the rich
persons. Ifeel sleepy
Tranquilizers Tranquilizers are available in the now. Idon't know
ECT Useful canteen.
Not useful where my mother went
Psychotherapy Not much useful Very useful
Explanation The common context
now.

Prognosis Poor Good in the above example is

There is no common
Example Schizophrenia, Anxiety
of the
Example
context in the above
'food'. Patient is shifting said example.
Schizoaffective disorder, from one idea to other
disorder and Phobia and but all are about food
Bipolar disorder Obsessive whereas association is
Compulsive not good. There is no
Disorder Common context
 Textbook of Psychiatric Nursing for BSc
13. Retrograde amnesia. and
7. Circumstantiality and Tangentiality
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
ItAnterograde amnesia
Circumstantiality Tangentiality
It means loss of memory to
Speech of the individual does means loss of
events happenedmemory
Speech of the individual the events happened before to the
not reach the goal or center after
reaches the goal or center
point of the question raised point.
the injury or onset of illness or onset of illness the injuny
only after the unwanted 14. Delirium and Dementia
speech
Aspects Delirium
Nurse: Did you have your
breakfast?
Nurse: Did you have your
breakfast? Other Names Acute confusion state, Dementia
Patient: like to go home now, Patient: Ilike to go home now, Organic brain syndrome, Chronic Brain
Ifeel sleepy, Iwould like to see Ifeel sleepy, Iwould like to Acute organic reaction, syndrome and
chronic brain
my mother, ! had my breakfast see my mother (Patient talks Toxic psychosis and failure
(At last, patient verbalized the something but never answers Metabolic Encephalitis
answer that he had breakfast to question whether he had
Onset Acute
after unwanted speech) breakfast or not)
8. Delusion and Overvalued idea Nature
Duration
Reversible
Days to weeks
Gradual/Insidious
Irreversible
Delusion Overvalued ideas Months to years
Delusion is a strong fixed Course Fluctuating
unshakable belief irrespective of
Overvalued ideas giving
more importance to one's Attention Impaired Progressive
their socio-cultural background. Own idea Normal until
severe
e.g. when patient says, 1strongly e.g. when patient says, 'It is Consciousness Fluctuating/Altered rarely alters/Clear
believe that I am a god' denotes mandatory topray to god
the Delusion of grandeur Decreased Present
before every meal' denotes awareness of Present
overvalued idea. self
9. Functional andReflex hallucination
Perception llusions, hallucinations
Functional hallucination Reflex hallucination Common
Hallucinations not
Commnon
|Misperception within the Stimulus in one sensory field Speech slow, incoherent
same sensory stimuli (In produces hallucination in another Repetitive
example, both hallucination (For example, one sensory field difficulty finding
belongs to auditory sensory was touch i.e. feel of pain and words
stimuli) other sensory field was auditory Disorientation To time is common To time, person
i.e. hearing sneezing sound) and place occurs
Patient verbalizes that, "l am Patient verbalizes that 'I feel Illness, med. Often
hearing voices when I hear painful when I hear a Rarely
the birds sound. sneezing toxicity
Soun'
Outcome Excellent if corrected early
10. Hypnogogic and Hypnopompic Hallucination Poor
Diurnal Present
Hypnogogic hallucination Hypnopompic hallucination disruptions
Present

Misperception when going to Misperception while

sleep Psychomotor Increased/Decreased Often Normal
awakening from sleep changes
Patient verbalizes that, Ifeel Patient
verbalizes that 'I feel of 15.
of ghost is speaking to me daily
while Iam getting into sleep' ghost is speaking to me daily Dementia and Pseudodementia (Depression)
when Iam awakening from Aspects Dementia Pseudodementia
sleep
11. Micropsia and Macropsia (Depression)
Micropsia Complaints
of Cognitive Rarely Mostly
Macropsia
Objects appear smaller than
the original size Objects appear larger than the Impairment
12. original size Emphasis
Pelopsia and Teleopsia Patient emphasis Patient emphasis
Pelopsia Achievements Achievements Disability
Teleopsia Patient be Patient communicate
People/objects/thing:s
appear closer than the People/objects/things appear
away than the original far unconcerned on distress
originai place place Mood
symptoms
Labile affect Depressed
416
 Aspects Know the Differences
Dementia Pseudodementia Aspects Lewy body dementia Parkinson's
Mental Status (Depression) disease dementia
Exam Makes mistakes Say Don't know Type of Dementia Cortical Sub-cortical
Impairment recent Not such
memory Motor symptoms 50% 100%

Confabulation
Poor performance
at diagnosis
Cognitive Present Absent
History
test fluctuation
No such history
Age History of depression Visual Present Absent
Elders Hallucination
Organic
Yes Non-specific
symptoms No Resting tremors Not prominent Prominent

CT and EEG
18. Mood and Affect
Abnormal Normal Mood Affect
Cooperation
Behavior
Cooperative Uncooperative It is a sustained and persistent It is outward expressionof
With Cognitive Not such
emotional feeling thoughts as feelings
impairment 19. Hypomania and Mania
Benzodiazepam Worsen the disease Aspects Hypomania Mania
Barbiturates May improve sleep
16. Cortical and only Duration of symptoms 4 days >1 week
Sub-cortical dementia Psychoticfeatures Absent May or May not
Aspects Cortical dementia Sub-cortical Social and Occupational Absent Present
dementia Dysfunction
Presence of Lesion in Frontal Thalamus Insight into illness Present Absent
Parietal Basal Ganglion 20. Endogenous and Exogenous depression
Temporal Brain Stem
Occipital Aspects Endogenous Exogenous depression
Hippocampus depression
Severity Severe Mild to Moderate Meaning Prefix 'Endo' Prefix 'Exo' Means outside
Means within (caused byexternal
Motor activities Normal Tremors (due to hereditary factors - unemployment,
Dystonia or biochemical divorce, sudden death of
Dysarthria imbalance) loved ones)
Flexed or Other Narne
Extended Posture
Psychotic Neurotic depression
depression Reactive Depression
Chorea
Ataxia
Autogenous
depression
Rigidity Biological
Decline in Short Term Bradyphrenia Recal! by cues depression
Memory/Cognition/ (Decreased cognitive done in Partial Predominant Biological factor Environmental factor
Recall Speed) and Recail way factors
by cues done in very Stress Present Present
little way Premorbid Cyclothymic Anxious Personality
|Depressive symptoms Not Common Common personality Personality Obsessive Personality
Delusions Simple Complex Dysthymic
Personality
|Miscellaneous (5A's) Aphasia Nil
Insomnia Eariy morning Struggle in getting into
Amnesia
awakening sleep
Agnosia
Apraxia Psychotic Psychomotor Psychomotor agitation
Acalculia feature retardation Suicidal attempts is not
Suicidal attempts common
I7. Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson's disease Delusions Other features are absent
Dementia Lewy body dementia Parkinson's
Individual Better when alone Better in group
Aspects disease dementia
feeling
Mood Sad in Morning Sad in evening
Mostly precedes Mostly follows
Onset of motor symptoms or motor symptoms
Treatment Antidepressants and Antidepressants and
Dementia within onset of motor ECT
Psychotherapy 41
symptoms Relapse Common Not common
Contd..
 Textbook of Psychiatric Nursing for 8SC
24. Type l and Type II Schizophrenia
21. Endogenous and Atypical depression
Aspects |Endogenous Atypical Aspects Type
Type il
depression depression schizophrenia
Appetite
Weight
Decreased Increased

Loss of weight Gain of weight

Symptoms
Course of illness
Positive Symptoms
Acute
schiziophrve Symptenla oms
Negat
Worsening of symptoms Morning Evening Cognitive deficit Absent
Chronic
Insomnia Middle or in
Late phase of
Initial phase of sleep
and sometimes
Ventricles
Response todrugs Good
Normal Somet
Dilatedimes present
sleep hypersomnia Poor
|Prognosis Better
Interpersonal Absent Present Poor
hypersensitivity (fear of 25. Transference and Counter Transferenes
|being rejected by others)
Transference
22. Primary and Secondary Transsexualism
AspectsPrimary transsexualism Secondary
Aspect
Meaning Transfer of client's feeling
Counter transference
Nurse is emotionally
transsexualism towards the nurse
Onset Early childhood Late Types Negative or Hostile
dependent on patient
"
Prognosis Good Poor
transference (Feel of Reactorionscaringintense
love
of
anger or enmity that .
Category Homogenous Heterogenous the client has express Reactionsor hostlity
disgust
of
intense
Types . Male to female primary Majority are male towards the nurse "
transsexualism to female secondary Positive or Dependent Reactions of intense
" Female to male primary transseXualism transference (client is anxiety,especially
in response to
transsexualism emotionally dependent
Common Wish to change anatomical on nurse) resistance by the
patient.
feature sex organ
23. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia 26. Reassurance and False Assurance
Nervosa
Aspects Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Reassurance False assurance
Age of onset 14-16 years 18-24 years It is a therapeutic technique of It is a
Life time prevalence 1-3% 0.5-1%
non-therapeutic
communication (or) counseling technique of communication
Gender technique
Female
Giving psychological support
Main symptoms Fear of being obese by providing assurance with Assurance given to the patient
Weight loss with manipulation of fact
85% of expected Normal or the original fact
weight Decreased Nurse verbalizing to If nurse verbalizes to the
Menses Amenorrhea (3 HIV patient that, taking
Irregular menses patient that HIV willget cured
Consequent cycles) (Sometime Antiretroviral medications SOon, is an example of false
Amenorrhea) will prolong your life span
Sexual desire and enhance the reassurance.
Absent or Normal or increased capacity of
Decreased libido libido daily living is an example of
Complication reassurance
Starvation, Dental/Enamel
Decreased Blood erosion, 27.
pressure and Phobia and Anxiety
temperature and Dehydration, Phobia
shock Hypokalemia, Anxiety
Post binge anguish Esophageal tear Phobia is irrational fear of
Absent Anxiety is defined as 'feelings
Aware of illness Absent
Present
something of uncertainty, apprehension,
Types Present uneasiness or tensed feelings of
Restricted type (Not Purging type
eating food)
an individual to any situation
Direct - Vomiting 28.
Binge eating/ Indirect - Laxatives Obsession and Thought insertion
Purging type Usage, Enema Obsession Thought insertion
Non-purgi
type ng
(Starvation,
It is one's
own intrusive Thoughts of other are inserted
418 Exercise) thoughts that puts an into patient's mind
individual into compulsive acts.
 29.
Adjustment Disorder and Post
pisorder
Know the Differences

Adjustment disorder traumatic Stress 30. Depersonalization and Derealization

Depersonalzation Derealization
Presence of significant
hehavioral or emotional |Pitost-traumatie
is
an anxiety
stress disordet Detachment from one's own Individuat feels that people or
aumptoms in response to the the disorder, in which identity or oneself things around him/her are unreal
sychosocial stressors. stressindividual
after an might experience 3i. Abstract thinking and Concrete Thinking
ere the overwhelming extreme
traumatic event Abstract thinkng Concrete thínking
ehe human stressors
are within
Here,the stressors are It refers to the hidden meaning It gives the literal meaning of
as job loss, experience such the
outside of the concept or phrase which the words or sentences and
marriage, child human
as experience such are not directly seen. do not go beyond the level to
birth, divorce, economic sudden disaster (e.g. Earth explain it.
problems, etc. quake, flood, drought etc.), 32. Autistic thinking and Realistic thinking
Terrorist attack, severe Realistic thinking
accidents etc. Autistic thinking
Thinking which is not real or logical, Thinking which is logical
composed of fantasies and day and based on the reality.
33, Déjàvu, Jamais vu, dreaming
Deja pense, Dejaentendu and Jamais entendu
Déjà vu Jamais Vu
Faniliar of Deja pense Jamais pense Deja entendu Jamais entendu
Unfamiliar of the Familiar of
unfamiliar situations familiar situations Unfamiliar of the Familiar of unfamiliar Unfamiliar of the familiar
unfamiliar thought familiar thought auditory perception auditory perception
34. Tics and Tourette syndrome
39. Suicide and Homicide
Tics
Tourette syndrome Suicide Homicide
Itis a sudden, repetitive Georges Gilles de la Tourette
and nonrhythmic Killing of oneself Killing others
was the first to identify this
motor movement or
neurodevelopmental disorder. Tic 40. Conversion disorder and Somatization disorder
VOcalization which disorder for at least one year duration Conversion disorder Somatization disorder
involves discrete with the presence of one vocal tics
Internal Psychological complaints of recurring and multiple
muscle groups and two motor tics denotes Tourette conflicts exhibited as
somatic symptoms which are no longer
syndrome physical symptoms considered as diagnosis
35. Eustress and Distress 41. Conduct disorder and Antisocial Personality
Eustress Distress disorder

Perceives the stress in positive Feel unpleasant due to the

Conduct disorder Antisocial personality
disorder
way which improves the overall stress which decreases the
performance with the effective overall performance which Disorder in which the pattern It is a type of personality
of disruptive and violent or disorder in which the pattern
use of coping mechanism might lead to physical or
mental fatigue antisocial behavior are present. of disruptive and violent or
Individual will have problems in antisocial behavior is present.
36. Mental Ventilation and Catharsis following rules.
Mental Ventilation Catharsis It is usually termed when the It is usually termed when the
antisocial behavior is elicited antisocial behavior is elicited
Sharing of thoughts or ideas Technique to release the below 18 years of age. above 18 years of age.
which may or may not be felt emotional tension by 42. ICD-10and DSM-I\
as psychological burden to an ventilating the psychological DSM-V
burden along with emotions. ICD-10
individual International Classification of DiagnosticStatic Manual 5th
37. Attention and Concentration Diseases - 10th revision edition
Concentration
Attention Codes given by World Health Codes given by American
attention is termed Psychiatric Association
roCus on the particular thing or Sustained
as concentration
Organization
and Decerebrate Posture
Concept behavior
43. Decorticate
. Normal, Abnormal and Maladaptive (Figure is given on next page)
Normal behavior.Abnormal Maladaptive Decorticate Posture Decerebrate Posture
Aspects
behavior
behavior Arms Adducted, flexed Adducted and Extended
Behavior which has Abnormal behavior
Wrist Flexed on the chest Pronated
Behavior which strong deviation persists for the
Plantar flexion of the feet Plantar flexion of the feet
adhere to the from the socially longer duration Feet
Cerebral hemisphere and Pons and Midbrain 419
Socially acceptable acceptable norms Problems
norms in the Brain Cervical Spinal Tract
 Textbook of Psychiatric Nursing for BSc
Flexed

Decorticate rigidity

Flexed Adducted
Internally rotated
Plantar flexed

Decerebrate rigidity

Pronated Extended Adducted

Plantar flexed Flexed

44. Typical and Atypical antipsychotics Grief Depression

Typical antipsychotics Atypical Withdrawal from the activities or Withdrawai from the
Aspects
antipsychotics meeting the person or situations activities in general
Second Generation due to death
Other Names First Generation
Antipsychotics (or) Antipsychotics (or) Intrusive images about the Intrusive images are
Older Antipsychotics Newer Antipsychotics deceased uncommon

Extrapyramidal High risk to get Low risk to get Preoccupied with the deceased. Preoccupied with tne sense
symptoms sense of guilt, shame and low self of guilt, shame and low self
More likely to cause esteem related to the deceased. esteem
Side effects More likely to cause
neurological side effects metabolic side effects Pervasive dysphoric mood is Emotions might be triggered
Less present by the reminders of loss.
Withdrawal High
symptoms 47. Sedatives and Hypnotics
Example Haloperidol, Clozapine, Sedatives Hypnotics
Chlorpromazine, Olanzapine,
Thioridazine, Risperidone,
Drugs produce the calming and Drugs that induce sleeo
relaxing effect
Fluphenazine, etc. Quetiapine, etc.
It reduces anxiety It initiates and mantans the
45. Stereognosis and Barognosis
sleep
Aspects Stereognosis Barognosis Hypnotics in larger aoses
Sedatives in larger dose
Other Names Haptic Perception or Baresthesia produce the effect of general
produce hypnotic effect
Tactile Gnosis anesthesia
Definition Ability to perceive Ability to evaluate Site of action of this drug is Site of action of this drug is
the object with tactile the weight of the Limbic system Reticular Activating system
perception in the objects
absence of auditory 48. Hallucination and Pseudohallucination
and visual perception. Pseudohallucination
Hallucination
46. Grief and Depression
Misperception without any It is false hallucination
Grief Depression external stimuliwhich ocCurs involuntarysensory experience
Intense emotional pain due to in objective space which occurs in subjective space
the loss of loved ones Example: Voices heard from Example: One's own thought
Loss of interest or pleasure due Pervasive loss of interest or Outside is termed as complex being heard is termed as
to loss of loved one pleasure auditory hallucination pseudohallucination
420
Contd..
49. Yoga and Exercise Know the Differences
Aspects
Meaning
Yoga Exercises
Integration of body, Physical activity which Aspects Yoga Exercises
mind and spirit Toning of Enhances muscle
Oxygen
promotes the health muscle tone Primary concern
Reduced strength but it is not
consumption Increased a primary concern
Calorie Moderate to high Special Not required
Low Required
consumption equipment
Movements Rapid Risk of injury LoW High
Slow and dynamic Age No Elders need to avoid the
Contd.. restrictions strenuous activities
50. Euthymia, Euphoria, Elation, Exaltation and Ecstasy
Euthymia Euphoria Elation Exaltation
Normal Mood Mild elevation of mood Ecstasy
Moderate elevation of mood Severe elevation of mood Very severe elevation of mood
(Seen in hypomania) with psychomotor agitation with grandiose delusion with extreme blissfulness
51. Weber's test and Rinne's test

Weber's test
Rinne's test
Test is performed to assess cochlear nerve function. Test is performed to assess cochlear nerve function. Keep the tuning fork
Tuning fork is kept in middle of head. Normal individuals in mastoid bone and then near to patient's ear after striking it. When
will hear the sound equally by both ears. If lateralization air conduction is more than bone conduction, it is normal. If the bone
towards one side is felt it denotes hearing loss conduction is more than air conduction it denotes conductive hearing loss.
52. Indian Lunacy Act and Mental Health Act
Aspects Indian Lunacy Act Mental Health Act
Year of commencement 1912 1987

Chapters 10

Act Number 14

Terms involved
Authority
License system
Out Patient facility
Psychiatrist and Social workers
involved as Visitors Board
Member
Voluntary admission
Involuntary admission
Human rights protection
Inspecting officer
Lunatics, Lunatic asylum and Criminal Mentally ill, Psychiatric Hospital, and Nursing homes
Lunatics
Central and State Mental Heaith authority established
License has to be obtained to commence and maintain the
psychiatric hospital or nursing homes
No such provision Established for those who doesn't need admission
Included
Medical officer has power to admit the voluntary
patient.
Medical officer can admit the voluntary
obtained
patient with the permission
visitors
from at least two board of
Medical officer can admit the involuntary patient with 2
No such provision
medical certificates
Guidelines established
Appointed to monitor the hospital facilities, medical
No such provision records, patient care and report the same to licensing
authorities.

flexible Permitted to all patients except the patients in prison

Guidelines made are less
Leave of absence
 Textbook of Psychiatric Nursing for BSc
53. Epileptic Seizures and Dissociative Convulsions (or) Hysterical Fits
Aspects Epileptic seizures Dissociative convulsions (or) hysterical fits
Clinical pattern Stereotyped Purposive body movements
Place of incident Safe place
Anywhere
Time of day Anytime. Even happen during sleep. Never happen during sleep
Speech Absent May present
Tongue bite May present Absent
Injury May occur Very rare
Urine and fecal incontinence May occur Very rare
Duration Shorter Prolonged
Turing of head Unilateral Side to side turning is present
Eye gaze Staring gaze if the eyes are open Avoidant gaze
Neurological signs Present Absent
Amnesia Complete Partial
Stress 25% of patients have stress Majority of them have stress
Post-ictal confusion Present
Absent
EEG Abnormal Normal
Serum prolactin Raised in post-ictal period Normal
54. Oral Movements in Rabbit Syndrome and Tardive
Dyskinesia
Oral movements in rabbit syndrome Oral movements in tardive
Chewing movements are regular and rapid dyskinesia
Orofacialchoreoathetoid movements are present with
Tongue and other parts of the mouth are not decreased rapidness.
involved