GIVE BRIEF EXPLANATIONS FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: L WHAT ARE THETYPES OF MICROORGANISMS STUDIED IN MICROBIOLOGY? *Microorganisms differ From each other not only in size, but also in structure, habitat, metabolsm, and many other characteristics Prokaryotic Microorganisms Bacteria are found in nearly every habitat on earth, induding within and on humans, Most bacteria are harmless or helpful, but some are pathogens, causing disease in humans and other avimals Archaea are algo unceluar prokarytic organisms Ewaryotic Microorgantms Protists are unceluar ewaryetes that are not plants, animals, or Fung Algae Their cls are surrounded by cel wals made of celulose, a tye of carbohydrate Fungi not photosynthetic, and their cel walls are usualy made out of chitin rather than cebulse Muticeular parasite worms called hebninths are not technically meroorgansns, a5 most are large enough to see without a miroscope Viruses are acelular microorganisms, which means they are not composed of cell 2. WHAT IS PATHOGENIC BACTERIA? GIVE EXAMPLES AND THE DISEASE THEY CAUSE, ‘Pathogenic. bacteria and other organisms are often difficult to detect in water that has been treated effectively. If present, their univers are likely to be very small Pathogenic bacteria: Pathogenic bacteria are the ones that are capable of causing diseases. 2 They are also called infectious agents 3.They cause damage to the cels and tissues by releasing toxins. They enter through the mouth, ears, nose, eyes, open wounds, or uragental openings 5.They spread through skin contact, body fluids, air, contaminated items, Feces, and water: Examples of pathogenic bacteria [Pseudomonas aeruginosa - can cause pneumonia and bleed infections Z.Mycobacteriam tuberculosis - causes tuberculos's B.Usteria - causes Foodborne infections and Flu-ixe symptoms, .Salmoneta - causes typhoid. 5.Ecol - causes intestinal infections with symptoms lke Fever and diarrhea. 3. WHAT IS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION? Spontaneous generation refers to the previously popular thinking that a living thing could arise or develop from a non-living thing Spontaneous generation may algo pertain to the process that supposedly led to the Formation or development of a lving thing From a non- ving thing 4. WHAT IS GERM THEORY OF DISEASE? Germ theory of disease is based on the concept that many diseases are caused by infections with microorgansms, typically only visualized under high magnification, Such microorganisms Can consist of bacterial, viral, Fungal, or protist species, Although the growth and productive replication of microorganisms are the cause of dsease, environmental and genetic factors may predispose a host or influence the severity of the infection. For example, in a host that is immunacompromised (eg, due to AIDS or old age), an infection may result in more severe ‘outcomes than in individuals who are uly immunocompetent 5, WHAT ARE KOCHS POSTULATES? “As originaly stated, the Four criteria are: (I) The microorganism must be Found in diseased but not healthy individuals, (2) The microorganism must be cultured from the diseased individual (3) Inoculation of a healthy individual with the cultured micreorganism must recapitulated the disease, and finaly (4) The microorganism must be re-solated from the inoculated, diseased individual and matched to the original microorganism Kech's postulates have been critcaly important in establishing the criteria whereby the scientific community agrees that a microorgansm causes a disease 6. WHY ARE BACTERIA OR THE STUDY OF MICROBES IMPORTANT? sBacteria are microscopic, single-celed organisms that exist in their miions, in every environment, both inside and outside other organisms, Some bacteria are harmful, but most serve a useful purpose. They support many forms of life, both plant and animal, and they are used in industrial and medicinal processes. In addition, the Study of microbes is pivotal to the study of all ving things, and microbiology is essential for the study and understanding of all life on ths planet,