er on Cowecmeumento une Coujectaurenno ume CowectentenoTo nme e nexcnko-rpamaTavecka Kareropita, Konto o3Ha¥asa npegNeT 8 WHPOK CHHCBN Ha AyNaTa, CamOIO ha3Banne CoulecTeHTeNHO NoKasBa, 4 OOOOWEHOTO 3HaYeHME Ha SCHYKM CHUIECTAUTENHH © Na ORKAUARAT CHIU, HEUIO CLYecTEy- Ballo 8 peanHus CAAT Uni 8 CART, KOTO e npOeKUMR Ha PeanHnat Ma, KUBOTHM, pacTeHHA, npeAKeTH, aBcTpAKTHH NOHTHE, NpH- PoRHH ABNeHUR, reorpadcKH oGeKTH H ND. Couecrourensire mena npwrexasar rpanarnveckire Karero- Di: pod, 4ncIO, onbeueneHOcT. CowecrentensiTe HMeHA Ce enaT Ha jee OCHORHM rpynu ~ co wecmeumentu Hapuyamensu u cruyecmaumennu cobcmeenu. (Chujectaurenin HapHuatenHM uMeHa Ca Hazaahitn Ha npeA- Metu (8 WHPOK CMHC” Ha ayMara). CbulecTeHTenHoTo HapHya- ‘Tenlo MMe Ha30Baea NOHATHeTO H BceKH OTACKeH npeAMeT, OT- acaul ce Kom Toba noHATHe: cowecTBMTeNKOTO 36e30a o2Hayasa Kako He6ecHo TANO, KoeTO ce Habniojasa Ha HOWHOTO Hebe, Taka W ecaKo oTaento HeGecHO TANO, 4inaIO CHEIIMHa BHsNpMENaME ~ Tonspna 38e300, 380300 BevepHuya. Coulecreurennu coBcraeHu umexa ca viguenayanin Ha3- aHuA Ha nulla, KMBOTHM, reorpadcKM OoBeKTA H Ha npeAMe- 1 ~ Maan, Mapua, Bsneapus, Copus, Yepro ope, Cmapa nna- ‘una, Zlywas, Kyma Jluca, Meo, xomen ,Buazepun, qumanuwe ‘Mpob yea". Npasonncno npasnno! Couecrsnrenkte coOcTseHu mmena BHHaIH ce MWar C masa Gykwa. Koraro ChujecTeMTenHO HapMUaTeNHO HMe & ynorpeGeHo KaTo CbilecTalTenka catictReHo, Ta ce nuille c maria Gykra ~ nponemHomo yseme KoKuYe ~ demcka WIKO- sna, Koxuue™. Mpasonucto npasuno! Crmapna 6yxea ce nviwe npeara ayna Ha cecrasHnre Ha3~ Balina. AKO 8 HasBanMeTo Mba CoBCTEEHO MMe, TO CMO ce nnwe ¢ masha Gyxsa. CoLiawnn HastaHinn La: 1 UI pALRN oGekTa, HaseaHnn Ha CenMWa, Ha3eaHin Ha MHCTHTYUAK, YS peers. Npepn: YepHo Mope, Ceaepna Auepuxo, KneH pcm, Compuuicku yaurencumem, bwnzapcKa axadeMUR Ha ayxume, Cmapa Sazopa, enuko TspHo80. Ee eeea ean \Ccowecmaumento ume Npazonucio npasuno! C rnaouia 6yKea ce nnwar u ceuecteHTens HapHuaren- Hn mena, KoraTo ca ynotpeGeHn Karo coBcrociIM MMC Ha Ha KoHKpeTan CoGHTHA WAM naTh, HCTOpHecKH enoxn H niog,: Anpuckomno secmnanue, lepeama csemoska eotina, Csedunenuemo. Obepwere eHuNaHne Ha ynorpedara Ha rasa 6yksa npM ‘cuujecronreniitre: Buspandariemo, No Byn2apcKo esspaK- Gane; Npoceewerue, wo Hemcro npocsewjenue. Npasonucno npasuno! © rnanwa 6yeRa ce nuilar M oSpaayaaKure or coBcTBEHA ‘TMH W aMANH UMeHa OTHOCHTeNHM NpHTeMaTeNHM MPH smararentin, o6paaysaH c HacTaBKN -08, -e8, -uh: Bomeno ‘emuxomooperiue, Ba2oou moop6u, Padunu exnnouua. Koraro npittexarenvioro npuararentio e obpaayeaHo oT coBcraeHoro m dbamunloTo HMe Man OT ABE cOBcTaeHM HME a, w ele Ce NMWAT C Masha GykBa H Ce CBbp3Bar c THe (nonycnsro nuicave): Enur-Nenunos pasKus, Meiio-Aleoposo ‘milxamaoneuiie, Kuplino-Memodueso Geno. Or cnosoobpaayearenta rnenpia Towka aynre ca HenpousAOR- hv w nponaeonH. NpovasogHire ayan ca ceupaaHn c onpepene- in cnovoobpaayoarentin mopenut. Tes Monenk oGeAMHABaT CbOT- BeTHiTe AYHH WB CeMaHTHYKH NopKacoBe, KOHTO MAT H OGM rpamarneckn ocoGeHocrH. ChulecremTensire meta, KoWTo osHaNasar aeATeNKM mMua, Ca oSpaayeaHin ¢ HacTaBKn -ap, ~7en, eu, -u¥: oB¥up, cmipyeap, nuca- ‘men, yaumen, nemeu, niyeeu, KOBOY, 2MypKON. ‘Couecreurennn unewa, obipaayaaki ¢ Hacraska -ocm, o3Ha¥a- av a6crpakrist CBIKHOCTA H Ca OT rpamaTuNeCkwA WeHCKM Pon: padocm, unadocm, cmapocm, 6odpocm, sudumocm. Hacraaki -ve, ~¥Ko, -Uya cnyMaT 3a O6pasysaHe Ha yMannren- hu (gennuyrHBHH) cuulecroHTeni: apabue, Home, maKUIKa, COC mpuya. Hactaoka -uuje ce ceepsea ¢ HMeHa, KOMTO O3HayaBaT MAC- To, 4ecto cBbp3aHO C HsiKaksa AeliHocT ~ cnowTakka (noxapuuye) nw ceaHarenka (vumanuwe, ysuuue, mopmuwue). Teait CbulecTBHTenHi ca OT cpeneH pon. 32: 7d a Couyecmeumennomo UNE Pog Ha CbuyecTBMTenHOTO MMe Beako cowecTauTenko une B BearapcKs Hapaansa egNo or auexennaTa na rponaniecnarawareropnn pon: muni pon, xen {CaMRernaR au pon man cpenex pon, OcHosanneTa 3a npiinuceane Ha Aane- | agua cana sa Ho aHaNenHe 3a pon Ha CbLleCTaHTeNHOTO HME ca rmasHo @opNan- | wHOKecTEeHO sicnO HW ~ Xapantepor na OKUNMaRNETU, EMMHCIseMU tIpM Hane Ha | (plural atu, AceH cemakTHYeH noxaaaTen ~ GwonOrHMeH non = aHaveHMeTO Ha | HaMaTaHaventie 32 rpamaruueckus pog Mowe ja He chenaga c bopmanuua oBnmK Ha oR, Hanp.: gunancu mero. Comectsnrenn mena oT MBIKKH POR B Goiitapckn nMeHata, KONTO sabepuiBat Ha Cormaces 3ByK (T. wap. HyNeaO OKONWaHMe), Ca TmaBHO OT MbMKM POR ~ YOKE. MBM. Spam, nba, a6, msm, nposopeu, yeHuk, cmon, KOMMIOMEp, KOMU- (OH, unnpecuonusee, ac, OKO. Weropuecio o6ncwenues 8 crapo6unrapeus wnewara oF won poR C8 HMAnH OKOH'IaHMe FORAM ep ® HAM Manek ep &. C vanajavero wa kpaecnoBsinTe epose o cna6a nosK4ia npe3 cpeA- HoSwarapckia nepwog TeaM CbujecTeHTenHn saBppulsar Ha 3aT- sopena cpiuka, T.e. Ha cbrmacka, Ho npasonuchara pedbopma or 1945 r., KORTO cnengaMe M cera, Te3n epose Ges seyKUBa CIUHMOCI cumacuo ucropueckus (eTHMonorHMecki) npHAWn ca ce nH Wenn 8 Kpan Ha ayMiTe —T. Hap. HAMO & (2pad%, Byneaandn, yale mens, cone). Coujecrourentinre uneHa, KONTO HaBAH2aT @ GunrapcKi OF Hy AW esmu, ce npucnocoBasar Kum ocoGeHocrHTe Ha GvnrapcKara rpamaravecka cucrena, MMeHara oT Syn npOMSKOA, KOTO 3aBbp- wear Ha cormaceH sayk, nonysasar 6 Gonrapcki sHaveHHe MuKK oa, HesaBHCHMO OT Dona, KOTO MAT 8 e34Ka, OT KOMiTO Ca 3aeTH. He 2a6panaiire! fie curnacen aayx. Cuilectanrensure Umeda, KONTO 32B8p- wear Ha d, ca oT MEKKM pon - gpxueped, mpodbeil, cnasell yecti, mpaneat, nponemapud, nnebad, 20pod, cmpod, auka- pud, wait 33 Ma\_Pod na comecmsumennomo une Waxmowenun: Ceujecreurenin uMeHa, KoHTO HazoBaBaT ‘aMYa OT MLMKH Non, NonyyaBaT rpaMaTHNeCko sHa¥eHMe BKKH pon HeSABMCHMO OT OKOHMAHHETO, TaKisa ca penMua Meta, O3Ha4aBaulH PORHMHCKH OTHOWeHHA ~ Gawo, man- 0, Ga60, vu4o, xavtexo, MloxasarenHa 8 TOBA OTHOWEHHE € penuiyara: amex, ~ Kawa ~ mamwa. Maxap rpure syMu fa mar pasnw4nu oKoHYaHiNa (xapakTepHH 3a TpiTe rpamarit— ‘eck poga), nopagM nexcHKanHoro cH aHaMeNiNe H TpHTe ca or mumicH pon. Or mn pon caw ayMH Karo esnaduKa. nua, KODE. O3HaNa~ BAUM AMTBKHOCTA, KOMTO MOTaT fa Ce 3aeMaT CAMO OT MEW. KM TOaM THN MONeM a NpHMUCRHN HAYA KATO CBdUR, KAKTO M BCUU- sat coulecTenTenin 2a npodecim, obpaayeann c HacTaeKa -dxU-A. Or tax ce o6paayear choTaeTH CbulecTaHTeNHH 2a AMYa oT MeHC- si non ¢ HacTasKa -H-a. ‘ouecaiensn ie -Euia rpyna cumecrentensn Karo RoMaWHHTe podkuna, xalina- tesee xoW!_——_ a nan szeTuTe amawe, Kondbepancue ce nanonsear 3a Ha308052- Gmaramrpenam, NEM HO Miu OT MDKKH H Ha nua OT meHCKH non. MaaH (mod)/ ecvara cherena a —-Mapus (ma) mu e podwuxa.; focnoma/2ocnodus X e Hosama/Ho- ‘Genrapcuna e3uK. ‘guam amauwe @ nocancmaomo.; Taii/Ta e mHaozo satsaReH/2atiaa- Hanpnmep, avmnTe 44a KoHMpepaHcue. Kem 103K TUN Moe Ja NPMUMCAMM H HeronAMa- OF rPBAKHMPONXOR ra rpyna cHAHO eKcnpeCHBHH HMeHa OT HapoAHUA cnoBoobpaay- Mpaneia (Wp) 4 | saree MoReN, KONTO ca CbCTaReNi OF ABe AY, Karo mepaaTa © ninca orepenen pog, ‘AON 8 noBenHTenHa (bopa — HexpanuMailKa, eapuKne'a, Bym- asGumrepcan Gop. Huxonu6o, nanvtunyxa, Teaw AYN ca c orpanindexa ynorpe6a, Karo hare un €9 €e npe Hapeg ¢ Tosa ce nognarar n na cboneTHYHH npomeHn — HexpaHu- cwucnunN TEND aK. annenar on 280 ans pat aieeiaoke CbueCTEMTERHM HMeHA OT KEHCKM POA one KM Hp. CouectsirenuuTe mmeHa, KouTO ca oT KeHCKM pop, B HmNrapc~ ku untar oxouUaHe -, «2: wen, matika, Babe, cacmpa, ene, Kule 24, cmas, naanema, memo, udes, mena, ce060da, nosuyus, KoM6U- wayus w np. Tonana rpyna cuwecroureniis nica a6erpaurito auiavewne, owTo ca o6pasysani c Hacraska -Ocm, spnpeKN Ye Sasepwear Ha Ccornacen 38yK, ca OT MeHicKH poA: padocm, M”adocm, BuduMocm, ‘osocm, cnenocm, enaxnocm, Mourocm m Ap. CewecrBMTeNHH linleHa Karo KOCT M MOCmI He Cbllbpmat HACTaBKA -OCrn, BENpEKM se CoubpKAT CbuULMA 3BYKOB KOMNMeKC. Te MMaT pasnHveH rpama- THMeCKH Pon ~ KOCM @ OT MEHCKH, a MOCT OT MEAKKH POA, TH KATO “Cerawnwat wm saBypulek Ha CurnaceH 3ayK e cneqcTBMe oT paa- nuunn GoweTHuHH npoyecH. Or weHckH poa ca H apyrH CoulecrBHTenHH, KonTO SasbpuisaT Ha UbUIaLEH SYR. Takia Ca HaIIPHMED HaNMEHUBAHMATA Ha 1U- AMWHHTe BpeMeHa ~nponem, eceH; Ha YaCTM OT NeHOHOWMETO ~ cympur, se4ep, HOW; Ha CyBcTaHWMM ~ npax, Kan; BeUecTBa — 2Hol, 200, 30xap, COM, NPAX. Coulecrentensite uMeHa HNar pon, Ho He ce H3MeHAT no pon, Tasn xapakreprictika qasa spsmoxHoct npn KoneGaHinS pona Aa o6pasysame cnoBoceueTanne OT CbuECTBHTENHOTO M CbrmacyBaHo C Hero NO pog M 4MCAIO NpHaraTeNHO ~ KpUCTMONHO saxup, iodu- ava con, 3ampszHana nou! (a He xpucmaned saxap, uodupaH con, 0upeaHan rol), 2a Aa ycraHoaum popa Ha CauecTeHTenHoTo. NIpA aKou Cuujecrauronhu una crpeMen paaniiuaT poR Aa Ce Cop 383 C pasnMinH 3HaeHHA Ha MHOrOSHauNaTa aya, Hanp. eqbex- mused npax 3a npaxe (w.p.), Ho domauita npax (1K.p.). B nosexe- ‘To yriorpeGn oGave snavennero 32 pos, KOETO TaKNBa CouecTEN Tenn nar, ce yenwaKenea, CbuyectauTennu ot cpenex pon one CouectauTenuTe MMeHa, KONTO MMaT OKOHYAHHE -2, -0, 8 BhN~ ‘MoMUYe H MOMYE ca rapcKu ca oT cpeneH pog. Taxuea ca: deme, none, Hebe, nue, ywanurensi ene liye, oznedano, muHano, 6sGeuwje, cnucaHue, yeeme, KOKUYE M AP. eee” Monon na npearonovci, ie Weyrpanvir®cpene pon cee MOAN SHON aT oGoco6un no HasBaHnaTa Ha ManKHTe Ha NMua H OAYWeBeHH Co- See yin (HiTO MOK, HITO KEHCKH). OceeH deme, vedo, noBeYeTO or epeneN poms Haswannn Ha manknre Ha KHBOTHM Ca OT CpeweN Dow: dene, KoMe, ‘mene, nune. KbM TAX npH4MCnaBaNe MT.Hap. YMannrendM Cowect BWTeNHH (AENMHYTHBAM CouecTaHTeNH), O6pasyBaHH C HACTABKa -tre/-i-0: voReue, gpabive, wxpmulue, coKanue, apne, nmiiue, npn ‘mie, Kpave, o2nedanye, Mecmenuye, oveHuye, 2padve, cenye.. Kiem rpynara Ha cbuecrarennure oT cpegeH pon ce oTHacaT H coujecTeHTeniiW HMeHa, 32eTH OT ApyTH e3HYH, KOMTO 3aeypulBaT Ha macet sey, pasnnve# or-a,-a. Taxwea ca Hanp. maxcu, KeNlzy Py, Ouky, KueU, MeHIO. Kanto ce sna, sa snavennero pou Ha cowecrBnTenHorO MMe 8 Gunrapckn onpenens € (PopMaNHNaT NoKa3aTen ~ OKOHYAHH- ero Ha CnillectauTenkoTo une. OkoKWaKweTO onpenens O6pasy- eavieTo Ha opm: Kanp. TpuTe Ayu omey, Gaya, mamKo, Ha30- Baballt pogTen OT MEMKH Nl, ca OT MEXKH PoA, NopaAM Koe- To npunicear Ha BcHKM NpHnaraTeNkH, YHCAHTeNHH, MpHYACTUR 35 MiiCos roa Ponor (nar. genus) ‘npwt coayecronreni- ye wnewa e evrpeu- Jao npursano wae ToRHO rpamariuec- no anavenne, Poubt raacnbnynpa com ‘wecrenrenninre wine aa eqiucreeno ssura nn en 36 Sueno 4a comjecmeumenwomo ume Poa wa camjecmaumenwomo UM W mecTonmenns, Kouro ce cernacysar no Pon, HbxKH pon: caam omey, 2o8vp Gaya, omopu Gaw, no6nuy mamro, eur omeu, edun 6awya, edun mamko. CoespemenHo sneHysanitTe Sopmn Gleabar saxonomepHocinie, unpeqemenn Ut UNUHSanMetU: Ue” usm, Gawama, mamxomo (Ko cvemusim omeu, do6puam Sawa, modauyuam mama). No Chujua Hau UMaMe edHa even, xyGa- a aevep, mwa sevep, aevopma (wo Lobxp sevep! Karo nozapas ‘io avanorua Ha lo6ep dex!) w edHo maxcu, mosa makcu, c60600- Uncno Ha cbuecTBMTenHOTO MMe Kareropusra uicno una age 2kaueNus, Koro uapaznBar en HMGHOCT HM MHOKECTBO ~ CEOTBETHO EAMHCTBEHO 4CHO M MHO- .kecTBeHo HitCNO. 32 Aa MMaT opMH 3a EAMHCTBeHO H 3a MHO- 2KecTOCHO 4icNo, CoUjNHHNTe, HasoBABAHH Cue CHOTRETHHTE Co lwecrenTentn nieHa, TpAGsa na ca Gponmn. Koraro 8 sHayeHneTo a CbulecTeHTenHoTO OTCBCTBa CeMaHTAYHMAT NpMaHAK Gpom- ocr, CoulecrnTendiTe NpORBABAT T. Hap. NetpeKTHBHOCT NO OT- Howesve Ha Kateropuata. Vina ChilecTaMTendi, KOWTO MMaT chop- mu camo 2a equcraeno uncno (singularia tantum) unui camo 23 HomecreeHo icno (pluralia tantum). B crapo6enrapcKia esHk ‘e usiano TpH opm 2a 4NCKO — eAHHCTBeHO, ABOlicTEEHO M MHO- ecTeeHo. Dopmute 3a AsoiicreeHo “iMcno (ayan) ca ce orHacn- ‘nw 3a Bcaka ooliKa npeaMerH. Pena CowecTBHTeNHH, KOHTO ce (CocTOAT oT ABe 4aCTH, KATO: AreUlU, O¥UG, Yema, HOMUYA, MMaT ‘popma camo 3a MHomecTBeHO 4HCHO (KnewU, O¥UNG) MNK Ce Npe- OCMHCAAT KATO (POPMa 32 EAMHCIBEHO 4MCIO H Ce UGpasyBa CbUT- BeTHo (bopma 3a mHoMeCTaeHO (yemu. HOXUKU). 3a ChileCTRHTER- HU, KOWTO Ce MCAT KaTO UiKT, hopmara 3a AROIKCTREHO YUCNO ce fe mbanpwena 34 MHOKECTBeHO NMCNO: OKO — OWL, xO — Yul, PaKa — ue, KpaK — KpaKa, HO20 - Ho3e. O6pasysane Ha MHomecTBeHO 4MCnO Ha CoilecTBMTenHHTe OT MBMKKM POA, Eqnocpnsnn cowmectsnrennn Cowecremreniiie meta oF Meakin pon o6pasysar dbopmn 3a ‘mwoMeCTBeHO HCO C PasnNHH OKOHYAHMA B 3ABMCHMOCT OT ToBa fan Ca egHOCDHYHM nM MHOrOcpMYEN. EAHOCPHUAWTE Ch WeCTATeNHH OT MWKKU pop e GenrapcKH oBpaayrat MHOKeCTee-