Appendix

Countries, nationalities, and languages

This is a partial list of countries, nationalities, and languages, many of which are presented in this book.
Countries Nationalities Countries Nationalities Countries Nationalities
Argentina Argentine Germany German the Philippines Filipino
Australia Australian Greece Greek Poland Polish
Austria Austrian Hungary Hungarian Russia Russian
Bolivia Bolivian India Indian Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian
Brazil Brazilian Indonesia Indonesian Singapore Singaporean
Canada Canadian Ireland Irish South Korea Korean
Chile Chilean Italy Italian Spain Spanish
China Chinese Japan Japanese Switzerland Swiss
Colombia Colombian Lebanon Lebanese Thailand Thai
Costa Rica Costa Rican Malaysia Malaysian Turkey Turkish
Ecuador Ecuadorian Mexico Mexican the United Kingdom (the U.K.) British
Egypt Egyptian Morocco Moroccan the United States (the U.S.) American
England English New Zealand New Zealander Uruguay Uruguayan
France French Peru Peruvian Vietnam Vietnamese

Irregular verbs
Present Past Participle Present Past Participle
(be) am/is, are was, were been make made made
bring brought brought meet met met
buy bought bought put put put
come came come quit quit quit
cut cut cut read read read
do did done ride rode ridden
drink drank drunk run ran run
drive drove driven see saw seen
eat ate eaten sell sold sold
fall fell fallen set set set
feel felt felt sit sat sat
fly flew flown sleep slept slept
get got gotten speak spoke spoken
give gave given spend spent spent
go went gone take took taken
grow grew grown teach taught taught
have had had tell told told
hear heard heard think thought thought
keep kept kept wear wore worn
lose lost lost write wrote written

Comparative and superlative adjectives

Adjectives with -er and -est Adjectives with more and most
big deep heavy nice small attractive dangerous expensive outgoing
busy dirty high old tall beautiful delicious famous popular
cheap dry hot pretty thin boring difficult important relaxing
clean easy large quiet ugly crowded exciting interesting stressful
cold fast light safe warm
Irregular adjectives
cool friendly long short wet
good ➞ better ➞ the best
dark funny new slow young
bad ➞ worse ➞ the worst

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Nouns planet its Verbs
School subjects semester our am
biology sister their are
business space has
star
Other
chemistry beautiful is
English student love
cool
geography teacher spell
exciting
history vacation
famous Adverbs
literature Pronouns favorite
math Responses
Subject pronouns friendly no
physical education good
I yes
physics great
you
Other he interesting Other
actor she next actually
birthday it nice here
brother we old (over) there
city they popular not
class same now
classmate
Titles trendy pretty/really/very (+ adjective)
college Mr. unique
Mrs. unusual Prepositions
family at (2:00/City College)
friend Adjectives Articles from (Seoul/South Korea)
hobby Possessives a in (the morning/the same class)
moon my an
name your the Conjunctions
parents his and
person her but
or
EXPRESSIONS
Saying hello Exchanging personal Introducing someone Checking information
Good morning. information This is . . . /These are . . . How do you spell . . . ?
Hey. What's your name? Nice to meet you. Sorry, what’s your (first/
Hello. I'm . . . /My name is . . . last) name again?
Hi. Asking about It’s . . .
What's your first/last
How are you?/How's it name? someone What do people call you?
going? It's . . . Who’s that? Everyone calls me . . .
(I'm) fine, thanks. When's your birthday? That’s . . . Please call me . . .
Great. It's . . . His/Her name is . . .
Pretty good. Who are they? Making suggestions
What's . . . like?
OK. They’re . . . Let’s . . .
He's/She's/It's . . .
What's up? What are . . . like? Their names are
. . . and . . .
Apologizing
They're . . . (I’m) sorry.
Saying good-bye Where’s your friend?
Where are you from?
Bye. He’s/She’s . . . Agreeing
I’m/We’re from . . .
Good-bye. OK.
Good night. Thanking someone
Sure.
Have a good day. Thanks.
That’s right.
See you later. Thank you.
See you tomorrow.
Talk to you later.

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Nouns social media manager phone start
Jobs/Professions sociologist piano stay up
accountant software engineer posts study
babysitter taxi driver schedule take (care of)
carpenter teacher snack teach
cashier tour guide social media track
chef tutor thing wake up
cook vendor time wear
dancer web designer work work (in a hospital/
dentist in the afternoon)
Types of jobs Adjectives write
doctor entertainment business boring
engineer food service different Adverbs
fashion designer office work difficult Response
firefighter travel industry exciting yeah
fitness instructor
fantastic
flight attendant Workplaces Other
favorite
front desk clerk (computer) company a lot
full-time
graphic designer hospital early
great
lawyer office exactly
incredible
mechanic restaurant home
part-time
musician school late
nurse store Verbs usually
office assistant university answer
office manager behave Prepositions
Other after (midnight)
pilot cook
app around/about (10:00/noon)
police officer do
clothes at (6:00/night/midnight)
receptionist exercise
dessert at (a school)
reporter get (home/up/fit)
dinner before (noon)
restaurant host go (to bed/to school/
fabrics in (a restaurant)
sales associate to work)
fashion design in (the morning/the
salesperson have (a job/lunch)
food afternoon/the evening)
security guard know
job like (= for example)
server leave (work/for work)
lunch on (weekdays/Fridays)
singer like
meeting until (midnight)
social media assistant sleep
music

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about school/work Asking for more information Expressing interest
What do you do (exactly/there)? What time . . .? That’s cool.
I’m a/an . . . Which . . .? Really?
Where does he work? Why?
He works in/at/for . . . Expressing surprise
How do you like your job/classes? Talking about daily schedules Wow!
I like it/them a lot. What time do you go to work?
I start work at . . . Starting a sentence
I love it/them. Well, . . .
Where do you go to school? When do you get home?
I usually get home at . . . Oh, . . .
I go to . . . So, . . .
What’s your favorite . . .?
My favorite . . . is . . .

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Nouns Other Adjectives perfect
Clothes and jewelry acre Colors powerful
backpack armchair black pretty
bag bid blue reasonable
belt birthday brown sad
boots cent(s) gray stylish
bracelet certificate green truthful
dress (sales) clerk orange
customer
Verbs
earrings pink
design Modal
flip-flops purple
dollar can
jacket red
jeans electric guitar white Other
ring flea market yellow ask
shirt headphones buy
item Other
sneakers compare
land attractive
socks cost
mug boring
suit help
notebook cheap
sunglasses look (= seem)
opinions confident
sweater look (at/for)
pet rock crazy
tie mean
phone creative
T-shirt pay (for)
present digital
watch prefer
price each
say
Materials* printer expensive
try (it on)
cotton skateboard extraordinary
gold style friendly Adverbs
leather tablet happy more
plastic (price) tag hopeful (shop) online
rubber treadmill huge
silk jealous *Names of materials
silver Pronouns light can be used as nouns or
wool one loving adjectives.
ones nice
online

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about prices Getting someone’s Talking about Thanking someone
How much is this/that attention preferences Thanks anyway.
T-shirt? Excuse me. Which one do you prefer? You’re welcome.
It’s . . . I prefer the . . . one.
Offering help Expressing doubt
That’s not bad. Which ones do you like
Can I help you? Hmm.
How much are these/ better/more?
those sneakers? Identifying things I like the . . . ones Pausing to think
They’re . . . Which one? better/more. Let’s see . . .
That’s expensive. The blue one.
Making and declining
Which ones?
Comparing an offer
The gray ones.
It’s nicer/more stylish Would you like to . . . ?
than the black one. Oh, no. That’s OK.

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Nouns Musical instruments kind (of) Other
Movies guitar (text) message chill out
action piano platinum come
horror violin record go (out/platinum)
musical ticket have to (+ verb)
Entertainers victim
science fiction know
actor
video game meet
TV programs actress
need to (+ verb)
game show athlete Pronouns play (an instrument)
reality show band Object pronouns visit
soap opera group me want to (+ verb)
talk show musician you win
performer him
Music* rapper her Adverbs
classical singer it just
country songwriter us never
electronic
them tomorrow
funk Other
(not) very much
hip-hop album Adjectives
jazz award free (= not have plans) Prepositions
Latin clothing designer million about
pop concert for (dinner)
rap contract Verbs from . . . to . . .
R&B (rhythm and blues) date Modal with (me)
reggae fan would
hurricane *Names of musical styles
rock
inauguration can be used as nouns or
salsa
(musical) instrument adjectives.
soul

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about likes and dislikes Refusing an invitation
Do you like . . . ? I’d like to, but I have to . . .
Yes, I do. I like . . . a lot./I love . . . I’d like to, but I need to . . .
No, I don’t. I don’t like . . . very much. I’d like to, but I want to . . .
What kind of . . . do you like?
Asking about events
Who’s/What’s your favorite . . . ?
When is it?
Inviting someone Where is it?
Would you like to . . . ? What time does it start/end?
Do you want to . . . ?
Let’s . . .
Accepting an invitation
Yes, I would.
Thanks. I’d love to.

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Nouns Other Adjectives raise (money)

Family/Relatives age Quantifiers spend (time)
aunt attention a lot of tell
brother barbecue all travel
children college few vote
cousin couple many wait
dad effort most
email
Adverbs
daughter nearly all
fact Time expressions
father not many
family tree always
grandfather some
foreign language regularly
grandmother
housework Other right now
husband
only child dear (+ name) these days
mom
(medical aid) lonely this year
mother
organization married
nephew Other
people old
niece alone
percent only (child)
sister together
population related
sister-in-law
son (birthday) present rural Preposition
women stay-at-home (dad) of
uncle
wife
Pronoun Verbs Conjunction
no one enjoy because
get (married)

EXPRESSIONS
Asking about family
Do you have any brothers and sisters?
I have . . . brother(s) and . . . sister(s).
I’m an only child.
How old is your brother?
Exchanging information about the present
Are you living at home?
Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
What is your brother doing?
He’s traveling in . . .
What are you/your friends doing these days?
I’m . . . /They’re . . .
Expressing interest
What an interesting . . .
Expressing sincerity
I’m serious!

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Nouns Other Adjectives Adverbs

Sports and fitness athlete active Frequency
activities couch potato average almost always
baseball country fit almost never
basketball energy good at (something) always
bike riding fitness healthy every . . .
bowling fitness freak middle-aged hardly ever
football free time real never
golf fundraiser regular not very often/much
ice hockey gym tired often
jogging gym rat once a . . .
martial arts junk food Verbs sometimes
serving (= portion of chat
Pilates three times a . . .
food) do (yoga/card tricks)
running twice a . . .
sports nut eat
soccer usually
talent exercise
swimming
teen (= teenager) keep (fit) Other
tennis
tip lift weights sometime
volleyball
treadmill play (a sport) well
walking
vitamin relax
weight training/lifting
sing
Prepositions
yoga in (my free time/great
Pronoun spend (time)
nothing shape)
work out
like (that)

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about routines Asking for more information
How often do you . . . ? What else . . . ?
Every . . .
Expressing surprise/disbelief
Once/Twice/Three times a . . .
Seriously?
Not very often.
Do you ever . . . ? Agreeing
Yes, I often/sometimes . . . All right.
No, I never/hardly ever . . . No problem.
How long do you spend . . . ?
Thirty minutes a day./Two hours a week.
Talking about abilities
How well do you . . . ?
Pretty well.
About average.
Not very well.
How good are you at . . . ?
Pretty good./OK.
Not so good.

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Nouns surfing free-time stay (home)

architect swimming giant stop
building test handmade take (a day off/photos)
cable car tour incredible worry
chore town lucky
cloud trip manmade Adverbs
vacation prehistoric Time expressions
desert
waves special all day/weekend
engineer
weather spectacular as usual
guide
tiring last night/week/weekend
homework
lake
Pronouns whole the whole time
anything windy today
land art
something yesterday
laundry
Verbs
(open) market Adjectives call
Other
monument amazing also
cook
mountain breathtaking anywhere
disappear
neighbor broke downtown
drive
noise ceramic unfortunately
forget
party cloudy
satellite cold
happen Prepositions
invite on (business/vacation)
snorkeling cool make (a phone call) over (the weekend)
spaghetti excellent read

EXPRESSIONS
Asking about past activities Giving opinions about past experiences
Did you go anywhere last weekend? How did you like . . . ?/How was . . . ?
Yes, I did. I . . . It was . . .
No, I didn’t. What was the best thing about . . . ?
How did you spend . . . ? Was the . . . OK?
How long were you . . . ?
What did you do . . . ?
What time did you . . . ?
Where did you . . . ?
Who did you . . . with?

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Nouns hospital fashion Verbs

Neighborhood/ hotel festival check out
Recreational facilities laundromat haircut drive
airport library (traffic) light dry
apartment (building) (shopping) mall nightlife wash
ATM (outdoor) market parking
avenue movie theater pollution Adverb
museum price too (= also)
bank
newsstand traffic
bookstore Prepositions
boutique park trash
across from/opposite
café post office
school Adjectives around (the world)
(college) campus convenient between
clothing store shopping center
creative in back of/behind
coffee shop stadium
expensive in front of
concert hall suburbs
hip near/close to
department store theater
indie (music/movies) next to
district (public) transportation
industrial on
drugstore venue
live (music) on the corner of
electronics store Wi-Fi hot spot
locally made
gas station zoo Conjunction
narrow
grocery store so
Other perfect
hair salon crime safe

EXPRESSIONS
Asking for and giving locations Adding information
Is there a/an . . . near here? By the way, . . .
No, there isn’t, but there’s one . . .
Are there any . . . around here?
Yes, there are. There are some . . .
No, there aren’t, but there are some . . .
No, there aren’t any . . . around here.
Asking about quantities
Are there many . . . ?
Yes, there are a lot.
Yes, there are a few.
No, there aren’t many.
No, there aren’t any.
No, there are none.
Is there much . . . ?
Yes, there’s a lot.
Yes, there’s a little.
No, there isn’t much.
No, there isn’t any.
No, there’s none.
How many . . . are there?
There are . . .

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