RE-ENGL2112 READING AND WRITING SKILLS

Question 1

Forest fires destroy more forests that are used for making pulp and paper.
In the sentence above, the word "pulp" refers to ---.
Select one:
a. a crop that farmers grow
b. a type of field
c. a beginning
d. a kind of paper

Question 2
Fill in the blank with the appropriate transition word. Choose from the given set of words below.

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations.
__________, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer
nations in such areas.

Select one:
a. Despite
b. With this in mind
c. Because of
d. However
e. Since

The correct answer is: However

Question 3
This is a strategy during pre-writing stage that is also known as listing.
Select one:
a. clustering
b. free writing
c. brainstorming
d. mind mapping

The correct answer is: clustering

Question 4
The text does not have a meaning by itself.
Select one:
a. True
b. False

The correct answer is: True

Question 5

This stage in the writing process narrows your topic into the most important and relevant.
Select one:
a. Revising
b. Organizing
c. Pre-writing
d. Writing
e. Editing

The correct answer is: Pre-writing

Question 6
Read the given paragraph below:

Differences Between Tokyo and Kyoto

In recent decades, the title of one of the most popular cultures worldwide should be definitely given to
Japan. Millions of people all over the world study the Japanese language, watch dorama (dramatic TV
series on all kinds of topics) or animation, read and write haiku, and make pen pals with Japanese people.
Countless people buy tickets and fly to the country of the rising sun to see its wonders with their own
eyes.

Among the most popular destinations—mostly because these city names are most known to the western
public—are Tokyo and Kyoto. And perhaps for an inexperienced traveler, there is a dilemma: where to go?
Mostly, people know that Tokyo is a mega city of the future, and Kyoto has more to do with ancient
culture, traditions, and so on. Basically it is true, but at the same time, there also exist more subtle
differences one should consider when choosing their destination point in Japan.

The first of them is prices. Tokyo is expensive—as you might expect from the capital of the most urbanized
country in the world (the prices below are listed in Japanese yen: 1 USD approximately equals 100 yen).
So, to grab some inexpensive snack in Tokyo would cost around 850 yen. Having a three-course meal for
two people in a mid-range restaurant, in case you travel with your spouse, will cost you 5,230 yen. A one-
way ticket on Tokyo transport costs you 190 yen, and renting one room apartment outside of the city
center costs 77,853 yen (and this is probably a weekly price). Just do not expect this apartment to be big
and cozy; most likely it will be tiny, with basic utilities, and with no central heating (actually, there is no
such thing in Japan at all—everyone warms their house up on their own). If you think of buying an
apartment in Tokyo, forget it—one square meter of a room outside of the city center is around 1 million
yen (double the price if you want to live closer to the city center).

Kyoto is not much cheaper. Although dining in a restaurant is cheaper—only 4,000 yen for two persons in a
mid-range restaurant—transportation costs are surprisingly higher: 235 yen for a ride (however, if you
want to purchase a monthly pass, it is cheaper to do in Kyoto rather than in Tokyo: 8,410 yen compared to
10,000 yen). If you think you can save some money buying food in a market, you are correct only in
particulars: some products in Japan cost a lot of money no matter where you buy them. For example,
white rice costs 850 yen for 1 kg in Kyoto (453 yen in Tokyo). White bread, tomatoes, chicken breasts, and
especially cheese—these are the most expensive products both in Kyoto and in Tokyo. Speaking of
accommodation, renting or buying an apartment in Kyoto is much cheaper: for a one room apartment
outside of Kyoto’s center, you must pay 48,000 yen to rent, or 300,000 yen per square meter if you want to
buy it (Numbeo.com).

Tokyo is great to visit if you enjoy hustle and bustle, if you want to feel the heartbeat of a mega-city, dive
into its life, and experience all those crazy things people in the West usually tell about Japan. Be prepared
for the overcrowded subway— and “overcrowded” is a gentle way to put it; in fact, you can take a 60-
minute ride in the subway, and your feet will not even touch the floor, because you will be squeezed
between other people so tight that you can even take a nap in this position. Kyoto, on the other hand, is
good to visit for all those who feel inspired by traditional Japanese culture: haiku, hanami, court customs,
the No theater, and so on. In Kyoto, you will not see amazing skyscrapers, over 280 subway stations, and
the craziness of the famous Shibuya crossing; instead, get prepared for temples, tea houses, museums: all
things antique and authentic. But, if you want modernity, go to Tokyo, and you will not feel disappointed—
this city already lives in the future (Go Overseas).

It is difficult to say which city is better for an inexperienced tourist to visit, Tokyo or Kyoto. Kyoto is
cheaper, especially in terms of renting an apartment, and is more suitable for those looking for the old
Japanese culture weaved into sophisticated palaces made during Heian-jidai. Tokyo, on the contrary, is an
enormous metropolis, with crazy prices, crazy transportation, crazy everything. The atmospheres are
different, but both of the cities will make you awed, so if you have a chance, you should definitely visit
them.

Which of the two cities has the higher cost for transportation?
The correct answer is: Kyoto

Question 7
Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

Output is important, but an effective written work is still valued.

The correct answer is: True

Question 8

Read the following example of a job application letter and answer the following questions.

John Donaldson

8 Sue Circle

Smithtown, CA 08067

909-555-5555

john.donaldson@emailexample.com

Date

George Gilhooley

XYZ Company

87 Delaware Road

Hatfield, CA 08065

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

(1) I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I am
enclosing a completed job application, my certification, my resume, and three references.

(2) The opportunity presented in this listing is very interesting, and I believe that my strong technical
experience and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this position. The key strengths
that I possess for success in this position include:

I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live use applications

I strive for continued excellence
I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers
(3) With a BS degree in Computer Programming, I have a full understanding of the full lifecycle of a
software development project. I also have experience in learning and excelling at new technologies as
needed.

(4) Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

(5) I can be reached anytime via email at john.donaldson@emailexample.com or my cell phone, 909-555-
5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment
opportunity.

Sincerely,

Signature (for hard copy letter)

John Donaldson

Questions:

1. What type of job application letter is given?

2. What position is the person applying for?

3. In what paragraph number did the applicant summarize his experiences?

4. In what paragraph number did the applicant describe his/her skills?

5. What is the name of the applicant?

Question 9

This is the last stage of the writing process.

Select one:
a. Researching the article
b. Writing the first draft
c. Editing the draft
d. Publishing the article

The correct answer is: Publishing the article

Question 10

What does the 'Controlling Idea' do?

Select one:
a. controls the paragraph
b. ends the paragraph
c. tells the reader what the topic is
d. tells what the paragraph will say about the paragraph

The correct answer is: tells what the paragraph will say about the paragraph

Question 11

Read the sample project proposal below and answer the following questions.

A Proposal to Review How Geophysical Precursors

Can Help Predict Earthquakes
Christopher Gray
February 1995 (Retrieved from: http://writing.engr.psu.edu/workbooks/proposal.samples.html)

Introduction
Throughout the world, devastating earthquakes occur with little or no advance warning. Some of these
earthquakes kill hundreds of people. If the times, magnitudes, and locations of these earthquakes could
be accurately predicted, many lives could be saved. This document proposes a review of how monitoring
geophysical precursors can help in the short-term prediction of earthquakes. The proposed review will
discuss the physical principles behind the monitoring of three common precursors and evaluate how
accurate each monitoring is in predicting earthquakes. Included in this proposal are my methods for
gathering information, a schedule for completing the review, and my qualifications.
Justification of Proposed Review
On the morning of April 18, 1906, the population of San Francisco was awakened by violent shaking and by
the roar caused by the writhing and collapsing of buildings [Hodgson, 1964]. The ground appeared to be
thrown into waves that twisted railways and broke the pavement into great cracks. Many buildings
collapsed, while others were severely damaged. The earthquake caused fires in fifty or more points
throughout the city. Fire stations were destroyed, alarms were put out of commission, and water mains
were broken. As a result, the fires quickly spread throughout the city and continued for three days. The
fires destroyed a 5 square-mile section at the heart of the city [Mileti and Fitzpatrick, 1993]. Even more
disastrous was the Kwanto earthquake in Japan that devastated the cities of Yokohama and Tokyo on
September 1, 1923 [Hodgson, 1993]. In Yokohama, over 50 percent of the buildings were destroyed [Bolt,
1993], and as many as 208 fires broke out and spread through the city [Hodgson, 1964]. When the disaster
was over, 33,000 people were dead [Bolt, 1993]. In Tokyo, the damage from the earthquake was less, but
the resulting fires were more devastating. The fires lasted three days and destroyed 40 percent of the city
[Hodgson, 1964]. After the fire, 68,000 people were dead and 1 million people were homeless [Bolt,
1993].
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the Kwanto earthquake were two of the most famous and
devastating earthquakes of this century. These earthquakes struck without warning and with disastrous
results. If earthquakes could be predicted, people would be able to evacuate from buildings, bridges, and
overpasses, where most deaths occur.
Some earthquakes have been successfully predicted. One of the most famous predictions was the
Haicheng Prediction in China. In 1970, Chinese scientists targeted the Liaoning Province as a site with
potential for a large earthquake. These scientists felt that an earthquake would occur there in 1974 or
1975. On December 20, 1974, an earthquake warning was issued. Two days later, a magnitude 4.8
earthquake struck the Liaoning Province; however, further monitoring suggested a larger earthquake was
imminent [Mileti and others, 1981]. On February 4, 1975, the Chinese issued a warning that an
earthquake would strike Haicheng within 24 hours [Bolt, 1993]. The people in Haicheng were evacuated,
and about 5.5 hours later, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake shook the city of Haicheng. If the people hadn't
been evacuated, the death toll could have exceeded 100,000.
Using geophysical precursors, the Chinese have predicted more than ten earthquakes with magnitudes
greater than 5.0 [Meyer, 1977]. For example, the Chinese predicted a pair of earthquakes of magnitude
6.9 that occurred 97 minutes apart in Yunnan on May 19, 1976 [Bolt, 1993]. Despite these successes, the
Chinese failed to predict the earthquake that struck the city of Tangshan on July 27, 1976; this earthquake
killed 250,000 people and injured 500,000 more [Bolt, 1988]. This earthquake wasn't completely
unexpected, but the Chinese believed it to be a few years away. Other earthquakes have been predicted,
but the predictions didn't have enough precision for warnings to be issued. For example, in 1983, a young
geophysicist predicted that an earthquake of magnitude 8 would strike Mexico City within four years
[Deshpande, 1987]. Two years later, an earthquake of magnitude 8 did strike Mexico City. Because the
prediction was not more precise, no warning was issued and the earthquake took the population of
Mexico City by surprise. Other predictions have turned out to be false warnings. For example, an
earthquake warning was issued in August 1976 near Hong Kong [Bolt, 1988]. During the earthquake alert,
people slept outdoors for two months. No earthquake occurred.

I propose to review the available literature on how geophysical precursors can be used for short-term
predictions of earthquakes. In this review, I will achieve the following three goals:

explain three commonly monitored geophysical precursors: ground uplift and tilt, increases in radon
emissions, and changes in the electrical resistivity of rocks;
show what happens to each of these precursors during the five stages of an earthquake; and
discuss how each of these precursors is used for short-term earthquake predictions.
Geophysical precursors are changes in the physical state of the earth that are precursory to earthquakes.
In addition to monitoring geophysical precursors, there are other strategies for predicting earthquakes-in
particular, analyzing statistical data on prior earthquakes. Analyzing statistical data on prior earthquakes,
however, is solely a long-term prediction technique [Bolt, 1993]. For that reason, I will not consider it.
In my review, I will discuss three common geophysical precursors: ground uplift and tilt, increases in radon
emissions, and changes in the electrical resistivity of rocks. Earthquakes occur in five stages as there is a
build up of elastic strain within faults in the earth, followed by the development of cracks in the rocks,
then the influx of water into those cracks. The fourth stage is the actual rupture of the fault and the
release of seismic waves. The fifth stage is the sudden drop in stress in the fault. In this stage, aftershocks
occur.
During these five stages, the geophysical precursors follow distinct patterns. For instance, the ground uplift
and tilt increases during the second stage as the volume of rock increases. In my review, I will relate how
the three geophysical precursors relate to the five stages of an earthquake and how well this relation can
be used to predict the oncoming fault rupture.
Plan of Action
This section presents my plan for obtaining the objectives discussed in the previous section. Because of
the recent earthquakes in California and Japan, there has arisen a strong interest to predict earthquakes
precisely. As a consequence of that strong interest, many books and journals have been written on
earthquakes and earthquake prediction. I have gathered five books and several articles on the subject. In
addition, there are dozens of books and articles available in the library. These books and articles should
provide sufficient information for me to write my review. The following paragraphs discuss how I will use
these sources in my research.
The first goal of my research is to explain the physical principles behind monitoring geophysical precursors.
For example, why does the electrical resistivity of rocks decrease before an oncoming earthquake? Or,
what does a sudden increase in radon emissions reveal about the future likelihood of a massive
earthquake? The second goal of my research is to show what happens to each of these precursors during
the five stages of an earthquake. To achieve these two goals, I will rely on three books that give an
overview to earthquake prediction: Earthquakes [Bolt, 1988], Earthquakes and Geological Discovery [Bolt,
1993], and Earthquakes and Earth Structure [Hodgson, 1964].
A third primary goal of the literature review is to cover the accuracy of monitoring each precursor. By
accuracy, I mean how well does the method work in predicting the time, place, and size of earthquakes.
This discussion will not include many statistics on the predictions of earthquakes, because at present there
just haven't been enough successful predictions to validate these types of statistics. Instead, I intend to
evaluate the potential accuracy of monitoring each precursor based on the opinions of experts and
preliminary data. To achieve this goal, I will rely on two of my most recent sources: The Great Earthquake
Experiment [Mileti and Fitzpatrick, 1993] and Earthquakes and Geological Discovery [Bolt, 1993].
Should I require additional sources other than the ones I have, I will search for them in the library system
at the University of Wisconsin. Should I not be able to find that information, I will modify the scope of my
research accordingly.
Because the primary readers for my proposed literature review are engineering students who are probably
not familiar with the theories behind earthquakes, I will have to provide selected background information
frommy sources. These engineering students already know that earthquakes are devastating. They also
know that if earthquakes could be predicted, people would be able to prepare for them and lives would be
saved. However, they may not know the different methods of predicting earthquakes. My intent is to
inform these students of three methods of predicting earthquakes.
A secondary audience for the review would be non-technical readers who either live in earthquake-prone
areas or are affected financially when earthquakes occur. My proposed literature review will provide this
group with an unbiased discussion of three methods for earthquake prediction. This discussion, drawing
much from overview chapters in Earthquakes, Animals and Man [Deshpande, 1987] and California
Quake [Meyer, 1977], will put into perspective how accurate, or inaccurate, the named methods are and
what hurdles face engineers who try to predict earthquakes.
Management Plan
This section presents my schedule, costs, and qualifications for performing the proposed research. The
proposed research project culminates in a formal report that will be completed by December 6, 1995. To
reach this goal, I will follow the schedule presented in Figure 1. Because I already possess several books
and articles on earthquake prediction, most of my time will be spent sifting through the information,
finding the key results, and presenting those results to the audience.

Figure 1. Schedule for completion of literature review. The two triangles represent milestones for the
project, the first being the formal presentation on November 11, 1996, and the second being the formal
report on December 6, 1996.

Given that I can obtain all my sources for the literature review from the library, there is no appreciable cost
associated with performing this literature review. The only costs, which will be minor, are for copying
articles, printing the review, and spiral binding the review. I estimate that I can do these tasks for under
$10.
I am a senior in the Geological Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. In my
undergraduate courses I have taken rock mechanics, soil mechanics, geophysics, and stratigraphy, all of
which have included the principles of seismology and stress-strain relationships. In addition, I have taken
field courses on structural geology that have introduced me to subsurface behaviors. I believe that these
courses and my hands-on experience will aid me in assimilating the proposed literature review. For further
information about my qualifications, see the attached resume (not attached on this web site).

Questions:

1. What is the main goal/objective of the project proposal? Answer

2. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"Given that I can obtain all my sources for the literature review from the library, there is no appreciable
cost associated with performing this literature review. The only costs, which will be minor, are for copying
articles, printing the review, and spiral binding the review. I estimate that I can do these tasks for under
$10." Answer

3. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"I am a senior in the Geological Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. In my
undergraduate courses I have taken rock mechanics, soil mechanics, geophysics, and stratigraphy, all of
which have included the principles of seismology and stress-strain relationships." Answer

4. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"Because I already possess several books and articles on earthquake prediction, most of my time will be
spent sifting through the information, finding the key results, and presenting those results to the
audience." Answer

5. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"A secondary audience for the review would be non-technical readers who either live in earthquake-prone
areas or are affected financially when earthquakes occur." Answer

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What is another name for the body sentences?

Select one:
a. supporting sentences
b. conclusion
c. paragraph
d. topic sentence
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: supporting sentences
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Which of the following words does not signal a statement of opinion?
Select one:
a. probably
b. according to
c. think
d. believe
e. Maybe
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The correct answer is: according to
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This builds relationships and connections among social meanings. What is being described?
Select one:
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext
c. Context
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The correct answer is: Intertext
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Pre-writing requires an Answer mind.
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The correct answer is: open
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Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

Descriptive paragraphs may or may not appeal to the five senses of the readers.
Answer:
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The correct answer is: False
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Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

It's best to think of different topics and discover various points of focus so you can keep your options open
before writing.
Answer:
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The correct answer is: False
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In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?
How does this contribute to the variety of texts done discussing the same topic?
Select one:
a. Research/Sources
b. Author/s
c. Style
d. Proof/Evidence
e. Topic and Position
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The correct answer is: Research/Sources
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Answer refers to the technique that suggest hints on future events in a story.
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The correct answer is: Foreshadowing
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Outlining is commonly done before any actual writing.

Select one:
True
False
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The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 21
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Which of the following is not a transition word?
Select one:
a. in addition
b. first
c. firstly
d. true
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The correct answer is: true
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This is a strategy under pre-writing method where the writer keeps on writing with single focus without
minding about technical errors.

Select one:
a. quoting
b. clustering
c. paraphrasing
d. free writing
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The correct answer is: free writing
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Everything is TRUE about writing critically except one.
Select one:
a. The writer uses the title as a hint of what the discussion will be all about.
b. The writer rewrites something to suit his personality.
c. The writer reads the text slowly or uses close reading.
d. The author designs texts for specific audience.
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The correct answer is: The writer rewrites something to suit his personality.
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Which of the following questions is not beneficial in exploring your topic?
Select one:
a. When is the issue most apparent?
b. Why is it an issue or problem at all?
c. At what place is the cause or effect of the problem most visible?
d. How does the issue relate to other public issues?
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The correct answer is: How does the issue relate to other public issues?
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Identify the topic sentence in the following paragraph:

(A) Gone with the Wind is not just Scarlett O’Hara’s story; it is also the story of another remarkable
woman, Melanie Wilkes. (B) The author describes Melanie as having “the face” of a sheltered child who
had never known anything but simplicity and kindness, truth and love, a child who had never looked upon
harshness or evil, and would not have recognized them if she saw them.” (C) Strangely enough, the
qualities that weakened Melanie in Scarlett’s eyes—loyalty, naivete, and simplicity—actually proved to
make Melanie a strong person.

Select one:
a. C
b. A and B
c. B
d. A and C
e. A
f. B and C
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The correct answer is: C
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This is also known as "interactive multimedia."
Select one:
a. Intertext
b. Hypertext
c. Context
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The correct answer is: Hypertext
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This refers to the logical transition of one sentence or paragraph to another
Answer:
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The correct answer is: consistency
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Read the following jumbled paragraph and answer the succeeding question:
(A) For the first time however, the waters of Laguna de Bay are serving a new and different purpose. (B)
Today, these lands can be planted to palay during off-season. (C) They are being harnessed to water rice
field along the shores which are idle during the dry season. (D) Fish abound in its waters and its shores
have been favorable breeding ground for ducks. (E) Laguna de Bay has, for centuries, been a major source
of livelihood for people living along its shores.

Which is the most fitting 4th sentence for the given paragraph?

Select one:
a. C
b. D
c. A
d. E
e. B
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: B
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What are the two parts of a topic sentence?

Select one:
a. body, conclusion
b. topic, conclusion
c. conclusion, controlling idea
d. topic, controlling idea
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The correct answer is: topic, controlling idea
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Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

The final draft does not require editing or revising.

Answer:
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The correct answer is: False
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In the analysis of this, even the way pictures are selected is scrutinized. What is being described?
Select one:
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext
c. Context
Feedback
The correct answer is: Context
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In writing a text, these two elements must be present: content and Answer.
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The correct answer is: form
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Farmers can grow hemp quickly and it is not likely to fall to disease. What part of speech is the word
"hemp" was used in the sentence?

Select one:
a. adjective
b. interjection
c. verb
d. noun
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: noun
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Which of the following statements is true?
Select one:
a. Organizing is when you express your thoughts in comprehensible sentences
b. Brainstorming shows relationships among a variety of ideas
c. You must come up with all the possible ideas from the pre-writing stage.
d. You may choose to find a topic that only a handful people are interested in.
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The correct answer is: You must come up with all the possible ideas from the pre-writing stage.
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This is called as the invention or brainstorming stage.

Select one:
a. Organizing
b. Reading
c. Pre-writing Stage
d. Proofreading
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: Pre-writing Stage
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As a writer, one has to group similar ideas together in doing the outline.

Select one:
True
False
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The correct answer is 'True'.
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Reading and writing are the two essential tools of learning. Critical reading is not a process of passive
consumption, but one of interaction and engagement between the reader and the text. Therefore, when
reading critically and actively, it is important not only to take in the words on the page, but also to
interpret and to reflect upon what you read through writing and discussing it with others.

Choose the statement that is NOT true based on the passage above.

Select one:
a. One has to learn to write before he or she can read.
b. Writing and discussing the articles to other is a helpful tool in understanding the text.
c. It is important to reflect and interpret what you have read.
d. Both reading and writing are essentials tools in learning.
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The correct answer is: One has to learn to write before he or she can read.
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It is never a priority to take note of main topics in logical sequence.

Select one:
True
False
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The correct answer is 'False'.
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These are the circumstances surrounding a topic. What is being described?
Select one:
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext
c. Context
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The correct answer is: Context
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At its whole, this will heavily affect the way the text is written. What is being described?
Select one:
a. Context
b. Hypertext
c. Intertext
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The correct answer is: Context
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This is one of the reading skills used in taking down notes.

Select one:
a. journaling
b. editing
c. proofreading
d. outlining
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: outlining
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A stage in writing where you look for any mechanical errors.
Select one:
a. Editing
b. Writing
c. Rereading
d. Revising
e. Writing the final draft
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The correct answer is: Revising
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Question text
Read the given paragraph below:

Differences Between Tokyo and Kyoto

In recent decades, the title of one of the most popular cultures worldwide should be definitely given to
Japan. Millions of people all over the world study the Japanese language, watch dorama (dramatic TV
series on all kinds of topics) or animation, read and write haiku, and make pen pals with Japanese people.
Countless people buy tickets and fly to the country of the rising sun to see its wonders with their own
eyes.

Among the most popular destinations—mostly because these city names are most known to the western
public—are Tokyo and Kyoto. And perhaps for an inexperienced traveler, there is a dilemma: where to go?
Mostly, people know that Tokyo is a mega city of the future, and Kyoto has more to do with ancient
culture, traditions, and so on. Basically it is true, but at the same time, there also exist more subtle
differences one should consider when choosing their destination point in Japan.

The first of them is prices. Tokyo is expensive—as you might expect from the capital of the most urbanized
country in the world (the prices below are listed in Japanese yen: 1 USD approximately equals 100 yen).
So, to grab some inexpensive snack in Tokyo would cost around 850 yen. Having a three-course meal for
two people in a mid-range restaurant, in case you travel with your spouse, will cost you 5,230 yen. A one-
way ticket on Tokyo transport costs you 190 yen, and renting one room apartment outside of the city
center costs 77,853 yen (and this is probably a weekly price). Just do not expect this apartment to be big
and cozy; most likely it will be tiny, with basic utilities, and with no central heating (actually, there is no
such thing in Japan at all—everyone warms their house up on their own). If you think of buying an
apartment in Tokyo, forget it—one square meter of a room outside of the city center is around 1 million
yen (double the price if you want to live closer to the city center).

Kyoto is not much cheaper. Although dining in a restaurant is cheaper—only 4,000 yen for two persons in a
mid-range restaurant—transportation costs are surprisingly higher: 235 yen for a ride (however, if you
want to purchase a monthly pass, it is cheaper to do in Kyoto rather than in Tokyo: 8,410 yen compared to
10,000 yen). If you think you can save some money buying food in a market, you are correct only in
particulars: some products in Japan cost a lot of money no matter where you buy them. For example,
white rice costs 850 yen for 1 kg in Kyoto (453 yen in Tokyo). White bread, tomatoes, chicken breasts, and
especially cheese—these are the most expensive products both in Kyoto and in Tokyo. Speaking of
accommodation, renting or buying an apartment in Kyoto is much cheaper: for a one room apartment
outside of Kyoto’s center, you must pay 48,000 yen to rent, or 300,000 yen per square meter if you want to
buy it (Numbeo.com).

Tokyo is great to visit if you enjoy hustle and bustle, if you want to feel the heartbeat of a mega-city, dive
into its life, and experience all those crazy things people in the West usually tell about Japan. Be prepared
for the overcrowded subway— and “overcrowded” is a gentle way to put it; in fact, you can take a 60-
minute ride in the subway, and your feet will not even touch the floor, because you will be squeezed
between other people so tight that you can even take a nap in this position. Kyoto, on the other hand, is
good to visit for all those who feel inspired by traditional Japanese culture: haiku, hanami, court customs,
the No theater, and so on. In Kyoto, you will not see amazing skyscrapers, over 280 subway stations, and
the craziness of the famous Shibuya crossing; instead, get prepared for temples, tea houses, museums: all
things antique and authentic. But, if you want modernity, go to Tokyo, and you will not feel disappointed—
this city already lives in the future (Go Overseas).

It is difficult to say which city is better for an inexperienced tourist to visit, Tokyo or Kyoto. Kyoto is
cheaper, especially in terms of renting an apartment, and is more suitable for those looking for the old
Japanese culture weaved into sophisticated palaces made during Heian-jidai. Tokyo, on the contrary, is an
enormous metropolis, with crazy prices, crazy transportation, crazy everything. The atmospheres are
different, but both of the cities will make you awed, so if you have a chance, you should definitely visit
them.

- See more at: https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/compare-contrast/tokyo-vs-

kyoto.html#sthash.JhMF8koN.dpuf

Based on the given example of compare and contrast essay, which of the two cities is cheaper in terms of
dining?

Answer:
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The correct answer is: Kyoto
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Always remember to create a thesis statement that will suggest what the paper will discuss.

Select one:
True
False
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Read the sample book review below and answer the following questions.

“The Lord of the Rings” is a book trilogy that is in many senses is precious to me. I tried reading the trilogy
several times, but every time I could not force myself to read through at least one book out of the three—
the scales of action taking place in these famous novels by J.R.R. Tolkien seemed to be overwhelming. I
could not remember all the names, locations, and historical events described in this trilogy, and thus I was
not able to catch neither the storyline, nor empathize with the heroes. However, being already in my 20s, I
took up the trilogy once again, giving it one final try—mostly because of the ado about the screen version
of “The Hobbit”—Tolkien’s prequel to the trilogy is just as famous with readers. When I read it at this point
in time, I realized what a rich cultural artifact I had been missing out on all these years.

“The Lord of the Rings” is not an easy set of books to read. The language Tolkien uses (and he was a British
professor of linguistics and philology), the aforementioned epic scales of storyline, the incredibly diverse
cultural background behind the novel—its characters, plot, described events—this and many other factors
make reading the trilogy rather an intellectual than entertaining occupation. While working on the book,
Tolkien invented at least two fully functional languages: Elven and Dwarven; he interpreted the
Scandinavian myths (“The Saga of the Nibelungs“, in particular) and used them to create his own unique
plot, world, and characters. The number of cultural and literary references used in “The Lord of the Rings”
is enormous.
The saga tells a story unfolding around The One Ring, created and lost by Sauron—an ancient demigod of
the world of Middle Earth, and the main antagonist of the saga. The One Ring granted its mortal bearers
unnaturally prolonged lives, and could make them invisible; however, only Sauron could use The One at
full power. Since without the Ring, Sauron exists as a spirit, he has to use his minions to seek for it. The
success of his quest would mean the end of Middle Earth. Thus, Sauron is opposed by another demigod—
Gandalf (whose unearthly origins are described in another book by Tolkien—”The Silmarillion”) and the
party of adventurers that he gathers. Their quest is to protect the Ring from Sauron and destroy it; to do
this, they have to travel to Sauron’s domain of Mordor, where the Mount Doom stands. In ancient times,
Sauron had smithed The One Ring in its fire, and only in it can the Ring be destroyed.

It is almost impossible to say more about the plot, because at the end of the first book, it branches into
multiple storylines. Each of them could easily become the basis for an independent novel, because all of
them are enthralling and self-sufficient. I tried to distinguish between them, seeking for my most and least
favorite storylines, but I failed in this attempt. Much easier for me would be to enlist at least several of the
greatest moments of “The Lord of the Rings,” which I can read through over and over again with the same
awe within me. These moments convey the spirit and the grandeur of the trilogy the most; those who
have read the books or at least saw the films would possibly agree with me.

And the books are indeed full of awe-inspiring moments; here are just a few of them: the first fight with
the Nazguls; the battle with the ancient demon in desolated Moria and Gandalf’s disappearance; the
death of Boromir (in my opinion, one of the most tragic moments in world literature of the 20th century);
the resurrection of Gandalf the White; the transformation of King Theoden; the siege of Helm’s Deep; the
uprising of the ents and Saruman’s exile; recruiting of the undead army by Aragorn; the battle for Minas
Tirith and the sortie to the Black Gate of Mordor; the defeat of the Witch-King of Angmar; the annihilation
of the Ring; Aragorn’s marriage with Arwen and honors to the hobbits; finally, Frodo’s departure to the
West.

I cannot say I disliked anything about “The Lord of the Rings.” It is a comprehensive myth, and a literary
masterpiece; to grasp its full scale, you might need to read it a couple of times—and each time you would
discover new aspects of the plot. “The Lord of the Rings” is a series of books which I strongly advise to
read—it is a must, a cultural legacy that none should ignore.

Questions:

1. What question does the following passage in the sample book review answer:

"The language Tolkien uses (and he was a British professor of linguistics and philology), the
aforementioned epic scales of storyline, the incredibly diverse cultural background behind the novel—its
characters, plot, described events—this and many other factors make reading the trilogy rather an
intellectual than entertaining occupation." Answer

Does the way a character speaks help you to understand how that character thinks and feels? If so, how?
Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

2. What question does the following passage in the sample book review answer:

"And the books are indeed full of awe-inspiring moments; here are just a few of them: the first fight with
the Nazguls; the battle with the ancient demon in desolated Moria and Gandalf’s disappearance; the
death of Boromir (in my opinion, one of the most tragic moments in world literature of the 20th century);
the resurrection of Gandalf the White; the transformation of King Theoden; the siege of Helm’s Deep; the
uprising of the ents and Saruman’s exile; recruiting of the undead army by Aragorn; the battle for Minas
Tirith and the sortie to the Black Gate of Mordor; the defeat of the Witch-King of Angmar; the annihilation
of the Ring; Aragorn’s marriage with Arwen and honors to the hobbits; finally, Frodo’s departure to the
West." Answer

3. What element does the following passage discuss in the passage from the sample book review:

"While working on the book, Tolkien invented at least two fully functional languages: Elven and Dwarven;
he interpreted the Scandinavian myths (“The Saga of the Nibelungs“, in particular) and used them to
create his own unique plot, world, and characters. The number of cultural and literary references used in
“The Lord of the Rings” is enormous." Answer

4. What element does the following passage discuss in the passage from the sample book review:

"The saga tells a story unfolding around The One Ring, created and lost by Sauron—an ancient demigod of
the world of Middle Earth, and the main antagonist of the saga." Answer

5. What element does the following passage discuss in the passage from the sample book review:

"It is almost impossible to say more about the plot, because at the end of the first book, it branches into
multiple storylines." Answer

Question 46
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The supporting ideas must be included as evidence to information.

Select one:
True
False
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The correct answer is 'True'.
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Identify which group the given quotation could come from: "The rain forests are quite simply the richest,
oldest, most productive, and most complex ecosystems on Earth".

Select one:
a. CEO of EMCEE Yellow Paper Industry
b. environmentalist
c. illegal loggers
d. farmer
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The correct answer is: environmentalist
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Read the following sample of a resume and answer the following questions:

(1) Social Media Resume Sample

123 Your Address

(2) City, State, Zip Code

(xxx)-xxx-xxxx

your@email.com

(3) Marketing professional with 5+ years of experience in social media management, content marketing,
and branding. Possesses a B.S. in Marketing and expertise in marketing analytics. Excellent
communication skills for outreach and digital copywriting, ensuring strong brand presence.

Professional Experience
TAROKO TECHNOLOGIES, San Francisco, CA
Social Media Manager, September 2013 – Present

Successfully spearhead campaigns on social media platforms including Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram (4)
Manage social media planning for execution of marketing strategies and community management
Implement marketing and promotion tactics that led to 34% growth in total social media shares
and 27% increase in website traffic from social media posts
Monitor online presence of company’s brand and engaged with users, strengthening customer
relationships

FLASHSTARTS, Cleveland, OH
Social Media Coordinator, June 2010 – August 2013

Assisted the marketing team with developing and implementing social media strategies
 Maintained strong social media and brand presence across Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram
platforms
Developed online marketing campaigns, effectively increasing followers by 1,400+ and driving brand
awareness
Utilized social media analytics tools such as Crimson Hexagon to track consumer engagement and
draw conclusions about user data

Education
(5) CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, Cleveland, OH
Bachelor of Science in Marketing, May 2010

Graduated Cum Laude

(6) Additional Skills

· Expert in Marketing Analytics and Social Media Management

· Excellent communication skills, for online CRM and outreach

· Google Analytics and Google AdWords

· Strategic Planning, Business Development, Market Research

Questions:

1. In the resume, where does the information number 6 fall under?

Answer

2. In the resume, where does the information number 5 fall under?

Answer

3. In the resume, where does the information number 3 fall under?

Answer

4. In the resume, where does information number 4 fall under?

Answer

5. In the resume, where does information number 2 fall under?

Answer

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This is described as "a structural analysis of texts in relation to the larger system of signifying practices or
uses of signs in culture." What is being described?
Select one:
a. Intertext
b. Hypertext
c. Context
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The correct answer is: Intertext
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Identifying the purpose of the paper is the last stage of outlining.

Select one:
True
False
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The correct answer is 'False'.
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Learning to write is a Answer process.
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The correct answer is: sequential
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What are the 3 parts of a paragraph? (In the correct order)
Select one:
a. topic sentence, body sentences, conclusion
b. topic sentence, conclusion, body sentences
c. conclusion, body sentences, topic sentence
d. body sentences, topic sentence, conclusion
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The correct answer is: topic sentence, body sentences, conclusion
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In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?
In what tone did the author write the text?
Select one:
a. Author/s
b. Style
c. Audience
d. Organization
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The correct answer is: Style
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A nonlinear way of presenting information. What is being described?
Select one:
a. Context
b. Intertext
c. Hypertext
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The correct answer is: Hypertext
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Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

The subject in a descriptive paragraph may be conveyed in detail through an explanation of its
significance.
Answer:
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The correct answer is: True
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Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
In brainstorming, you must find the related ideas to the topic you have in mind and link it to subtopics.
Answer:
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The correct answer is: False
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The first level of outlining is known as the sub-topics.

Select one:
True
False
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The correct answer is 'False'.
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This is a strategy that is purposefully writing a passage leaning towards a single perspective.
Answer:
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The correct answer is: slanting
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Through this, the text related to the topic you are reading may be easily found through search engines.
What is being described?
Select one:
a. Intertext
b. Hypertext
c. Context
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The correct answer is: Hypertext
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For the curious, the dispute can be reduced to Jesus. Mormons assert that because they believe Jesus is
divine, they are Christians by default. Christians respond that because Mormons don’t believe — in
accordance with the Nicene Creed promulgated in the fourth century — that Jesus is also the Father and
the Holy Spirit, the Jesus that Mormons have in mind is someone else altogether. The Mormon reaction is
incredulity. The Christian retort is exasperation. Rinse and repeat.

From the article above, choose the most appropriate thesis statement.

Select one:
a. Christians and Mormons are two different religions.
b. The Mormons and Christians have different opinions regarding Christianity.
c. Mormons are also Christians because they believed that Jesus is divine.
d. The Jesus in Mormons is the same with Jesus of Christian.
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: The Mormons and Christians have different opinions regarding Christianity.
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Which among the following choices is the most suitable/strongest inference for the given sentence?
"This group has garnered the most music awards for this year."
Select one:
a. They produced more songs this year than the previous years.
b. They were overjoyed that they held concerts all over the world.
c. They have received multiple awards from different award-giving bodies.
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The correct answer is: They have received multiple awards from different award-giving bodies.
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This can be divided into static (or something prepared or stored in advance) or dynamic (something that
continually changes). What is being described?
Select one:
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext
c. Context
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The correct answer is: Hypertext
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What do you call the terms used in a text that need further definition as they are exclusively used in a field
of study?
Answer:
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The correct answer is: jargon
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This is a strategy during the pre-writing stage that is called mind mapping or idea mapping.

Select one:
a. journal writing
b. clustering
c. brainstorming
d. free writing
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The correct answer is: brainstorming
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This is the stage where ideas would be expressed in complete sentences.

Select one:
a. Writing
b. Pre-writing
c. Revising
d. Editing
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The correct answer is: Writing
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A pre-writing strategy which is the process of pouring out all your thoughts nonstop in an exact order,
language and form as you think them.
Select one:
a. Clustering
b. Brainstorming
c. Looping
d. Freewriting
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The correct answer is: Freewriting
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This refers to the occasion or situation in which the reader can consider while analyzing. What is being
described?
Select one:
a. Intertext
b. Context
c. Hypertext
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The correct answer is: Context
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Read the following jumbled paragraph and answer the succeeding question.
(A) Guerrilla movements can exist only when they have some support from the people in their area of
operations. (B) This is because in all lands where a strong, ideologically motivated guerrilla force looks in
struggle with the government, ultimate victory goes to the side which succeeds in rallying people. (C)
Conversely, when the people deny or withdraw their support, the guerrilla lose their ability to disengage,
disappear and exist and shortly are down and wipe out. (D) The decisive factor in the twilight war in South
Vietnam is the support of the rural masses. (E) The greater the support the more effective the guerrillas
become.

Which is the fitting 3rd sentence in the paragraph?

Select one:
a. C
b. D
c. E
d. A
e. B
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The correct answer is: B
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In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?
Where was the text published or found?
Select one:
a. Purpose/Context
b. Research/Sources
c. Audience
d. Author/s
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The correct answer is: Audience
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This is the stage where written work is being check if there are basic errors like grammar and spelling.

Select one:
a. Writing
b. Editing
c. Peer Reviewing
d. Organizing
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Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: Editing
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IDENTIFICATION.

This refers to the set of basic questions that can start the exploration of your topic.
Answer:
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The correct answer is: journalists' questions

Question 72

Cause and effect requires a Answer arrangement of ideas.

The correct answer is: coherent

Question 73

This is also known as quality writing.

Select one:
a. Chronological Writing
b. Descriptive Writing
c. Good Writing
d. Effective Writing

The correct answer is: Effective Writing

Question 74

Type TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

The rising action refers to events caused by the climax.

The correct answer is: False

Question 75

This is the stage where order of ideas and filter of information would be polished and reviewed.

Select one:
a. Publishing
b. Editing
c. Pre-writing
d. Revising
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: Revising

Question 76

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?
Is the stand of the author clear?
Select one:
a. Purpose/context
b. Drawing conclusions
c. Audience
d. Author
e. Topic and position

The correct answer is: Topic and position

Question 77

This is the stage where you polish the order of your ideas and filter the information needed to get your
point across and correct any mechanical errors.
Select one:
a. Pre-writing
b. Revising
c. Organizing
d. Writing
e. Editing

The correct answer is: Revising

Question 78

Filter the gathered information based on the chronological needs.

Select one:
True
False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 79

Which of the following statements is not true?

Select one:
a. Learning to write is a sequential process.
b. You must start thinking about writing a completely unfamiliar topic and explore it along the way.
c. Editing is the stage where you go over your written work to look for errors in grammar.
d. In clustering, you enclose a subject in a circle or underline it and then link it to other ideas using lines

The correct answer is: You must start thinking about writing a completely unfamiliar topic and explore it
along the way.

Question 80

Which among the following choices is the most suitable/strongest inference for the given sentence?
"Drug use is detrimental to society."
Select one:
a. The government is eradicating the use of drugs through the establishment of new policies.
b. More people are often lured into using drugs and drug lords haven't been captured.
c. The number of drug-related cases are increasing every year.
d. There has been multiple instances and cases displaying the dire consequences of drugs on people.

The correct answer is: There has been multiple instances and cases displaying the dire consequences of
drugs on people.
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It focuses in arranging ideas and thoughts into a sensible order.

Select one:
a. Organizing
b. Editing
c. Publishing
d. Writing
The correct answer is: Organizing

Question 82

Read the following paragraph and identify what type of description is used:
Back in 1999 this fearless athlete posed in this football picture. In the far distance below the cloudless sky
stands an off-white stadium. Embedded in the center is large, cracked, blue, painted, letters that spell out
BISON. Beneath the old stadium are rows of worn-out bleachers which are completely empty. Up in front
stands the competitor down on one knee. As you observe more, the sport player is wearing a blue Bison
jersey sporting the number 60. To the left above the freshly trimmed green grass that engulfs this player’s
figure lays a football. In the center of the picture, you see her pale white face and dark brown eyes.
Around these features you can not help but notice the bronzed hair; which appears to be pulled back
around this slender face. Her stern look shows how proud she is; nonetheless, all the confidence she
carries on her padded up shoulders. This unique woman is not only elegant and brave; she is my sister,
Margaret Eva Hoyt.

The correct answer is: Subjective description

Question 83

What type of definition is used in the given paragraph?

Newton’s First Law: If the total force acting on an object is zero, its center of mass continues in the same
state of motion.

In other words, an object initially at rest is predicted to remain at rest if the total force acting on it is zero,
and an object in motion remains in motion with the same velocity in the same direction. The converse of
Newton’s first law is also true: if we observe an object moving with constant velocity along a straight line,
then the total force on it must be zero. You may encounter the term “net force,” which is simply a
synonym for total force.

The correct answer is: Denotation

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Complete the following sentence: "Writing without Answer is like a human body without skeleton; writing
without ___________ is like a skeleton with no flesh."
Separate your answers with the word "and."

The correct answer is: form and content