| have done (present perfect 1) He has cleaned his shoes. (© his shoes are clean note) Jas [pu ee | They are at home. They are going out. They have gone out. (= they are not at home now} has cleaned / have gone et. is the present perfect (have + past participle): past participle a: . cleaned cleaned? we | have (ve) finished have | & | finished? | } regular verbs you | have not (haven't) | gated you | searted? they lost they | Jost? = done done? he | thas ¢5) hoe He. eee irregular verbs ib , has } she has not (hasn’) | gone | genet Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (che same as the past simple): clean [have cleaned finish we have finished start she has started Irregular verbs: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes different (=> Appendix 2-3). For example: ihe same: buy > [bought / I have bought have — he had / he bas had different: break + I broke / I have broken see you saw / you have seen fall + it fell / it has fallen go > they went / they have gone We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now: © [’ve lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now) © ‘Where's Linda?’ “She's gone to bed’ (= she is in bed now) © We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now) . . Its Rachel's birthday tomorrow and [ haven’t bought her a present. “Bob is on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?” © Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with i present perfor = present perfect and past simple => [QE] istegular verbs => DEIR15.2 EXERCISES Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from: gotobed clean-hisshoes stop raining close the door unrr 15 fall down have a bath before now 1 He has cleaned. his shoes. 2 She 8 They 4 It 5 He 6 The Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see take tell 1 ‘Can Ihave this newspaper?” *Yes, 1 ve. finished... with it? at some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3 ‘Where is Liz?” ‘She out 4 Pmllooking for Paula. you her? 5 Look! Somebody that window. 6 ‘Does Lisa know that you're going away?” “Yes, 1 her? 7 I can't find my umbrella. Somebody it 8 I'm looking for Sarah, Where... she. ? 9 [know that woman but I ” her name. 10. Sue is having a party tonight. She ... sew lot of people, 11 What are you going to do? you ? 12 ‘Where are my glasses?” ‘don't know. 1 them! [30ve just... I've already... haven't... yet (present perfect 2) A pve just ... just = a shoxt time ago Are Diane and Paul here? Yes, they've just arrived, Ate you hungry? No, F've just had dinner. Is Tom here? No, I'm afraid he’s just gone. ‘They have just arrived. (= he has just gone) oe PEP E> Bs tve already ... already = before you expected / before I expected © A: What time are Diane and Paul coming? B: They've already arrived. (— before you expected) © Ic only nine o'clock and Ann has already gone co bed. (= before I expected) © As John, this is Mary. B: Yes, | know. We've already met. C Ihaven’e ... yet / Have you ... yet? yet = until now You can use yet in agative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end. yet in negative sentences: @ A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: No, they haven’t arrived yet. (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) © A: Does John know that you're going away? B: No, [haven't told him yet. (but B is going to tell him soon) © Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn't worn it yet yet in questions © A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B: No, not yet. We're still waiting for them. © A: Has Linda started her new job yet? No, she starts next week. © A: This is my new dress B: Oh, it nice. Have you worn it yet? 140] present perfect => IEEE) wor’ onler> EIEEE) still, yee and aleeady = (TIE“164 EXERCISES ‘Write a sentence with just for each picture, 7 START. 2595 i ar i 1 They've, just arrived. 2 He 2 = 3 They é 4 The race Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect. ‘What time is Paul arriving? Do Sue and Bill want to see the film? Don't forget to phone Tom. ‘When is Martin going away? Do you want to read the newspaper? When does Linda start her new job? ousene He's already arrived. No, they it. i He : She ‘Write a sentence with just (They've just ... / She's just ... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven't... yet /She hasn't... yetetc.). {the bus / go) ‘open / it) (they / finish /their dinner aT {it / stop / raining) Write questions with yet. 1. Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her: Have you. started. your new job yet? 2. Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him: YOU wn 3. Your friend must write a letter. Perhaps she has written it now. You ask her: 4 Tom was trying to sell his car, Perhaps he has sold it now. You ask a friend about Tom utr 16 [41rr sym Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) A Cave you been to Rome? as ee ‘Yes, I have. Many times “Have you ever been bo yapant ~ No, I've never S_been to Japan, _ ‘We use the preseut perfect (have been / have had / have played eft.) when we tall about a time from the past watil now —for example, a person's lite: HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO JAPAN? time from the past until now past now © ‘Have you been to France?’ (in your life) ‘No, T haven't? @ ve been to Canada but I havent been to the United States @ Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many plac @ I’ve seen that woman before but I can’t remember where. @ How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? © ‘Have you read this book?” ‘Yes, Pve read it twice? (twice = two times) B present poyic+ ever (in questions) and never: © ‘Has Ann ever been to Australia? “Yes, once! (once = one time) @ ‘Have you ever played golf?” “Yes, I often play golf” @ My mother has never travelled by air. . . T've never ridden a horse. ‘Who is that man?" ‘I don’t know. P've never seen him before? So eres BP) 5 away. Hes gone to Spain. Bill hae gone to Spain. Bill has been to Spain. (= he isin Spain now) he went to Spain but sou he is back) C gone and been favo weeks later Gan Bil Compare © I can't find Susan. Where has she gone? (= Where is she now?) @ Oh, hello Susan! | was looking for you. Where have you been? 2] presen pect = IRESRERET present perfect an pst imple =eEXERCISES 71 You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ? Write the questions. (2 (London) Have, you ever been to London? 1 No, never. 2 | qplay / golf) . Have. you ever played golf? ‘Yes, many times. 3 | (Australia?) Have No, never. 4 | dose / your passport?) Yes, once. 5. | (fy / ina helicopter?) No, never 6 | (eat / Chinese food?) Yes, a few times. 7 | (New York?) ‘Yes, twice 8 | (drive /a bus?) No, never. 9 | (break / your leg?) Yes, once. ‘17.2 Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.) | (New York) Helen has been to New York tivice.. as. 2 (Australia) Helen 3. (Chinese food) te 4 (drive / a bus) Now write about yourself, How often have you done thase things? 5 (New York) I 6 (play / tennis) T (fly / ima helicopter) 8 (be / late for work or school) 17.3 Mary's 65 years old, She has had an interesting life. What has she done? have be all over the world a lot of interesting things do write aiaydiferentjobs a lot of interesting people ORT travel meet ten books married three times 1 She has, had. many different jobs... 2 She 3 4 5 = 417A Putin gone or been 1 Billis on holiday at the moment. He's $Me... to Spain. 2 ‘Where’ Jil” “She not here. I think she’s to the bank? 3 Hello, Sue. Where have you Have yon 4 ‘Have you ever wre to Mexico?” ‘No, never! 5. My parents aren't at home this evening. They've out 6 There’.a new restaurant in town, Have you toie’ 7 Ann knows Paris well, She's there many times. 8 Helen was here earlier but T think she’s now. to the bank?Prd st) §=©How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) A. jittis on holiday in Ireland. She is there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. Today is Thursday. How long has she been in Ireland? since Monday. ~ he has been in Ireland { ShehasheeminTedand 65 vitee days, Compare is and has been: Shiis in ieeland now. is = prosent since Monday: She has been in Teeland | Foy three days. has been = present perfect Monday ‘NOW Thursday Bo Compare: present simple _present perfect simple (have been/have lived /have known et) Mark and Liz are married. ‘They have been married for five years. (not “Phey are married for five years’) Are you married? How long have you been married? (not ‘Hows long ate you married?) Do you know Sarah? ‘How long have you known her? (not “How long do you know her? I know Sarah. ve known her for a long time. (not ‘T know her for ..") Linda lives in London How long has she lived in London? She has lived there all her life, Thave a car. How long have you had your car? Pve had it since April present continous present perfect continous (have been + ing) P'm learning German. How long have you been learning German? (not ‘How long are you learning German?’} V've been learning German for two years. David is watching TV. How long has he been watching TV? He’s been (= He has been) watching TV since 5 o'clock It’s raining. It’s been (= It has been) raining all day. (44) for and since =—EEOEM18.3 18.4 UNIT EXERCISES 1 8 Complete these sentences. 1 Jill isin hospital. She .M@S been... in hospital since Monday. 2 Tknow Sarah. 1..have. Known... her fora long time. 3 Linda and Frank are married. They married since 1989. 4 Brian isill. He .. ill for the last few days. 5 We live in Scott Road. We sccm there for ten years, 6 Catherine works in a bank. She os ina bank for five years. 7 Alan has headache. He aheadache since he got up this morning, 8 meaning English. 1 English for six months. Make questions with How long ~ 1 Jills on holiday. How. long has, she been on holiday. > 20 | Mike and Judy are in Brazil. How long, 2 3 T know Margaret. How long, you ? 4 Diana is learning Italian. 2 5 | My brother lives in Canad: 2 6 Tma teach ? 7 Ieis raining. z Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with ane of these: for ten minutes all day all her life forter-years since he was 20 since Sunday 1 They have, been married. for ten years. 2 She ~ 3 They ~ ~ ~ 4 Thesun ... os . 5 She . ws 6 He : Which is right? 1 Mark is/ has been in Canada since April. has been 2 Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her very well ine isa good friend of mine. T know / have known her for a long time. jorry I'm late. How long are you / have you been waiting?” ‘Not long. Only five minutes, ‘Martin works / bas worked in a hotel now. He likes his job very much. Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been reading. it for two hours. “How long do you live / have you lived in this house?” ‘About ten years? “Is that a new coat?’ ‘No, I have / I've had this coat for a long time. Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / has been there for the last three days. Cou anes 145(46) for since ago for and since ‘We use for and since to say how long: for three days. ¢ Jilisin Irebnd, She has been there { fOr ues d os We use for + a period of time (three days / We use since + the start ofthe period two years et): (Monday / 9 o’clock ete) start of Moncey —> Tuesday —> Wednesday the period ~<— for three days ——» — since Monday > Monday past now past Now for since three days ten minutes Monday Wednesday an hour two hours 9 o'clock 12.30 a week four weeks 24 July Christmas: amonth six months January I was ten years old five years along time 1985 wwe arrived © Richard has been in Canada for six ‘@ Richard has been in Canada since months. (nif ‘since six months’) January. (= from January to now) © We've been waiting for two hours. © We've been waiting since 9 o°clock. (wot ‘since ewo hours’) & from 9 o'clock to now) @ I've lived in London for a long time. @ I've lived in London since T was ten. years old. ago ago = before now: ‘@ Susan started her new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now) @ ‘When did Tom go out?” “Ten minutes ago! (= ten minutes before now) @ [bad dinner an hour ago. © Life was very different a hundred years ago. We use ago with che past (started/did/had/was etc.). Compare ago and for: ‘© When did jill arrive in Ireland? She arrived in Ireland three days ago. @ How long has she been in Ireland? She has been in Ireland for three days. present perlbet + for/since => IEE from/until/since/for => for and during >19.1 uNrr EXERCISES 1 9 Write for or since. 1 fill has been in freland since... Monday. 2. fill has been in Ireland 0F.... chree days. 3 My aunt has lived in Australia 15 years 4 Margaret is in her office, She has been there T o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country 1947. 6 The bus is late. We've been waiting 20 minutes. 7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years. 8 Mike has been ill along time. He has been in hospital October. Answer these questions. Use ago. 1 When was your last meal? Three hours. ago, 2 When was the last time you were ill? 3 When did you last go to the cinema? 4 When was the last time you were in a car? 5. When was the last time you went on holiday? Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets (...) + for orago, 1 Jill arrived in Ireland Hhree. days ago. (three days) 2 Jill has been in Ireland ,for, Hare, days: (three days) 3 Linda and Frank have been married (20 years) 4 Linda and Frank got married .... (20 years) 5 Dan arrived as = (ten minutes) 6 We had lunch (an hour) 7 Silvia has been learning English (six months) 8 Have you known Lisa 2 (along time) 9 Tbought these shoes (a few days) Complete the sentences with for or since. 1 Jillis in Ireland now: She arrived there three days ago. She has been there for three days. 2 Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has 3 Tesraining. It started an hour ago. It’s been 4 [know Sue. | first met Sue two years ago. ['ve 5 [have a camera. I bought it in 1989. I've oo 6 ‘They are married. They got married six months ago. ‘They've 7 Lizis studying medicine at university. She started three years ago. She has = 2 8 Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. Dave has ve ‘Write sentences about yourself. Begin with the words in brackets (...). (I've lived) 7 (I've been} 7 (I've been learning) 7 - (ve known) “ . (ve had) : wees ta(48) | have done (present perfect) and I did (past simple) A With a finished time (yesterday / last week etc}, we use the past (arrived /saw//was ec) past simple + finished time tun yesterday. | yesterday last week. last week We arrived | at 3 o'clock, six months ago in 1991 six months ago —— = past wow Do mot use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been cic.) with a finished time: © I saw Paula yesterday. (of ‘I have seen’) © Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (rot ‘Where have you been’) © We didn’t have « holiday last year. (not “We haven't had’) What did you do last night?” ‘I stayed ac home’ © William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems. Use the past simple to ask When ... ? or What time ... ?: © When did they arrive? (ito: ‘When have they arrived?) Compare: present perfect past simple © [have lost my key. © [lost my key last week can’t find it now) © Bill has gone home. © Bill went home ten minutes ago. he isn't here now) @ Have you seen Ann? © Did you see Aun on Saturday? = where is she now?) time until now finished time | past NOW ‘past Now © Have you ever been to Spain? © Did you go to Spain last year? = in your life, until now) © My friend is a writer, He has written © Shakespeare wrote many plays and many books. poems. © ‘The letcer hasn’t arrived yet. © The letter didn’t arrive yesterday. © We've lived in Singapore for six years. © We lived in Glasgow for six years but (© we live there now) now we live in Singapore. pascsimple => present perfect =EXERCISES 20 20.1. Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions, “1 1 Have you seen Ann?) [(5 minutesago) | .Yes,.! saws her 5 minutes, ago. 2 | Have you started your new job? last week) | Yes, L last week. 3 Have your fiends arrived? (at 5 o'clock) | Yes, they 4 Has Sarah gone away? (on Friday) | Yes, 5 | Have you worn your new shoes? (yesterday) | Yes, 20.2 Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined! ) I've lost my key. I can’t find it. RIGHT. Have you seen Ann yesterday? WRONG: Did. you see. we finished my work at 2 o'clock. Fin ready nove I’ve finished my work. ‘What time have you finished your work? ¢ isn't here. She's gone out m's grandmother has died in 1989. “Where have you been last night? 20.3 Putthe verb in the present perfect or past simple. My friend is a writer. He has, woritten (write) many books. 1 2 We..didn’t have. (not/have) a holiday last year. 31 (play) tennis yesterday afternoon 4 What time (you/go) to bed last nightZ 5 (you/ever/meet) a famous person? 6 The weather {not/be) very good yesterday. 7 My hair is wee. [ (Gust/ wash) it. 81 (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning. 9 Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) many countries, 10 ‘IsSonia here?” ‘No, she {not/come) yet! 20.4 Putthe verb in the present perfect or past simple. 1 A: Have, you. ever been (you/ever/be) | 3 Rose works in a factory. She to Florida? (work) there for six B: Yes, we .... Went... (go) there on holiday months. Before that she ‘wo years ago. (be) a waitress in a restaurant, She A (you/have) (work) there for two a good time? years but she ’ B: Yes, it (be) great {not/enjoy) it very much. 2 A: Where's Alan? 4A: Do you know Martin’ sister? (you/see) him? BI Gee) her a few B: Yes, he (go) outa times but I few minutes ago. (never/speak) to her. A: And Julia? S (you/ever/speak) to her? B: [don't know. I zs A Yes. 1 (meet) her (not/see) her. ata party last week. She's very nice,