CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

By:-VEDANT LADHE
TOPIC :- FORMATION OF BIODIESEL
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I have taken an effort in this project but it
would not been possible with out the kind
support and help of many individuals I
would like to extend my sincere thanks to
all of them I would like to express my
gratitude to our Principal Ma’am Ms. Biny
Paul for providing me with all facilities that
were required for the completion of this
project I would also express my special
thanks to my physics teacher Mr.
Subhranshu Kumar Gupta for his guidance
and constant supervision as well as for
providing the necessary information
regarding the project and also for their
support in completing the project finally.I
also extend my heartiest thanks to my
parents and friends for being with me and
extending encouragement throughout the
project.
THANK YOU!
 INDEX

 ABSTRACT

 USES OF BIODIESEL

 MATERIAL REQUIRED

 PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS

 REACTIONS

 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ABSTRACT
Biodiesel [1–5] is a liquid biofuel obtained by
chemical processes from vegetable oils or animal
fats and an alcohol that can be used in diesel
engines, alone or blended with diesel oil. ASTM
International (originally known as the American
Society for Testing and Materials) defines
biodiesel as a mixture of long-chain monoalkylic
esters from fatty acids obtained from renewable
resources, to be used in diesel engines. Blends
with diesel fuel are indicated as ‘‘Bx’’, where ‘‘x’’
is the percentage of biodiesel in the blend. For
instance, ‘‘B5’’ indicates a blend with 5% biodiesel
and 95% diesel fuel; in consequence, B100
indicates pure biodiesel.It refers to a
nonpetroleum- based diesel fuel consisting of
short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters,
made by transesterification of vegetable oil or
animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone,
or blended with conventional petrol diesel) in
unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. Biodiesel is
distinguished from the straight-vegetable oil
(SVO) (sometimes referred to as “waste
vegetable oil” “WVO” “used vegetable oil”
“UVO” “pure plant oil”, “PPO”) used(alone, or
blended) as fuels in some converted diesel
vehicles. Biodiesel is standardized as mono-
alkyl ester and other kinds of diesel-grade
fuels of biological origin are not included.
 Uses of Biodiesel
Generating Electricity

Fuel-cells have power-generation applications that

could utilize biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used in backup
systems where the substantial reduction in emissions
really matters: hospitals, schools, and other facilities
usually located in residential areas. It can also be used
to supplement solar power in off-the grid homes.

Producing Hydrogen from Fuel Cell Vehicles

Fuel cell vehicles turn hydrogen fuel and oxygen into

electricity. The electricity then powers an electric
motor, just like electricity from batteries powers the
motor of an electric vehicle. Fuel cells combine oxygen
from the air with hydrogen from the vehicle's fuel tank
to produce electricity. When oxygen and hydrogen are
combined they give off energy and water (H2O). In fuel
cells this is done without any burning (combustion).
 Cleaning up Oil Spills

Biodiesel has been tested as potential cleaning agent for

shorelines contaminated with crude oil, and has been
found to increase the recovery of crude oil from
artificial sand columns (i.e. the beach). It’s also been
used in commercial biosolvents shown to be effective in
coagulating crude oil and allowing it to be skimmed off
the surface of water.

Adding Lubricity to Diesel Fuel

diesel fuels are required to reduce their sulfur
concentration from 500 ppm to 15 ppm. Since sulfur
provided most of the fuel’s lubricity, a substitute is
required to keep diesel engines functioning properly
and avoid premature injection pump wear (i.e. failure).
Biodiesel naturally has less than 15 ppm sulfur
concentration anyway, and adding just 1 to 2%
biodiesel can restore the lubricity to diesel fuel. Apart
from these uses, biodiesel can be used in heating our
homes, cleaning up tools & grease, removing paint and
adhesives, can extend the life of catalytic converters,
can be used as the best alternative for the other fuels as
it doesn’t produces toxic &harmful substances as
compared to other fuels.
MATERIALS REQUIRED

1. VEGETABLE OIL

2. ANTIFREEZE (METHANOL)

3. LYE (NAOH)

4. BLENDER

5. SCALES

6. PLASTIC CONTAINERS

7. FUNNELS

8. PLASTIC BOTTLE WITH LID

9. DUCT TAPE

10. THERMOMETER
 Procedure For Analysis

• Measure out 200 ml of antifreeze and put

it in one plastic container.

• Add in lye so that the antifreeze is

absorbed.

• Cover container and mix well by shaking

it. It is mixed when it starts to feel warm
and is foamy.

• The mixture has now become sodium

methoxide.

• Blend 1 liter of vegetable oil with the

sodium methoxide in a blender for 20
minutes.
• Pour mixture into a bottle and wait 8
hours until the byproduct, glycerin,
separates form the biodiesel. The glycerin
will be on the solid on the bottom.

• Separate out the biodiesel by pouring into

a glass bottle.

• Prepare a wash bottle by poking a small

hole in the corner of the bottle and
covering it with duct tape.

• Wash the biodiesel by pouring it into the

wash bottle and adding in ½ a liter of
water. Roll the bottle around to mix it and
then remove the duct tape and drain the
water.
• Repeat the washing process until the
biodiesel is clear.This may need to be done
numerous times over thecourse of a week
to complete the process. Store the biodiesel
in a glass container until ready to use.
REACTIONS
 Conclusion

Biodiesel is currently about one and a half

times more expensive than petroleum diesel
fuel. Part of this cost is because the most
common source of oil is the soybean, which
only is only 20% oil. However, the costs of
biodiesel can be reduced by making biodiesel
from recycled cooking oils rather than from
new soy beans, or by making it from plant
matter with higher oil content.

 It takes energy to produce biodiesel fuel

from soy crops, including the energy of
sowing, fertilizing and harvesting.

 Biodiesel fuel can damage rubber hoses in

some engines, particularly in cars built before
1994. You should check with the manufacturer
before using biodiesel to see if you need to
replace any hoses or rubber seals.
 Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the engine.
This dirt then collects in the fuel filter, which
can clog it. Clogging occurs most often when
biodiesel is first used after a period of
operation with petroleum diesel, so filters
should be changed after the first several hours
of biodiesel use.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• htpp://www.icbse.com/

• http://www.sciencedaily.com/

• http://www.biodiesel.org/

• http://www.gas2.org/

• http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/

• http://www.digg.com/