tee given motion ofthe CG. “G* 6 =xeesinsXaecosO Euaons of inl motion ae obtained by taking sin 8 ating inal vas of # and jin the last three “ = Yee — 50 mae @=ing = ety From (1), 2) and 3) on eliminating 8, we get fae Omg . Pap ach 88OE Yang (2+ By (2404 ¥ f Py mg or Y=. e+e a aero aatan (4 me Since 0 tel esto ¥. 1 te redcton emits eater, en fom (i) 8 Gi) eho Sigs 2=2 2 2S moe 24322422 NG) sagas (king moment about the centre of gravy g con On a 6 Ep nm os en a ag r= Seba) ese asad ¥ ui lotion + Normal kt det ad mre ss a Peering ene sai, Thee eronnan ny tes pa tar ve Lagrange’s Equati ions Small Oscillations aM (tert 9) (era 90) id spec the postion led the mabe of ges of Sarrber of independent toons Ganptom of one oF mor pores i cl oso ofthe sem Eet"A panic moving fey in pace rue 3 coon, ep (x 4.041 spect ts postion. Thus the tamber a depts facion eS Eek” A sytem containing of Npaicls moti fee hse ute 3B coonlnater spec thers The mbes tp of fon ‘rig ody which can move fel in space hs 6 ders redo {e.6 co-ordinates are required to pei the poston Le 3 non-colinear points of a Fg bod be fed nse, then the tig body alo. aed in space. Let these pins hae coocises (ay) 5g odgu sag dye) especie, tl of 9. Size the bodys igi, we must have (= 9+ O1- Pt (= + O2- Wt ae (y~ 4? + (oy yp? + Gy 4) = constant Hence 3 co-ordinates can be expressed in tems ofthe remaiig Sit Ws si adcpendent cova ae teded To dsr he aon Le Ser ut age Ps ‘degrees of freedom. 2p constant Scanned with CamScannerDAMES OF A nance's EQUATIONS etree by, J0 58 bot ppton ee Oh py : F spc ptcourimats gun. Te reonting ah ng | goa SO Me Moe tue Eg a, te posi Met ae ee it | ll te MTN Te zane See Spe apogee 3D ryose hat 2 931 Underoe ing Bee He Greta eral coordinate 9. gy, EME dy 5 (ys 9309 0 | Maaplacement date the win rye ofa de iD jn 2 Tae Enka, a eA 3 The mechanical Stem it which tthe time, does not ener exp S lity 4 | Nowlet a= E quatons (1) o¢ (2) i ald Sleonomic stem (2) Rhconoe stem, The mechanical sen in which the moving constraints arin the timer des ener explicit called a Rheonomie sytem, ax | en (5) {0 slonomic sem and Non Holonomie stem, MEW, | 18 ow aw sf fnou ie ancl coortnaes describing a nggy | Wedsve dW= ESE dag, Mg em 1 jag 0 ‘ote (varies om (1) tthe amber afdeees of elon, cables deuce Yolcoumas ase tae oo nha She on ee ec a oem ost sudo be Holoromic otherwise tis be Non Hom Hema PP ree em, (2) Conservative and non conservative sytem, {ik foes acing one sytem are derable om a potential fxn ‘tem i aed conserve eet (hci ee mirdte tretin A : The KE of the system can n : : sea om ene a _ Ge Mf the system is indepen eu, yy We ete yo wmf he - ‘srstem of panicles by forces F , a0tist (on the wth panicle, then lenbal toorpy, V= $4.) 1° tli) | Scanned with CamScannersects EQUATIONS ons ay). ed am 35. wend mona oct wi ptidc2-PlAaS tO Be ong moena ete ote i cota, wee ty ev Ft ode ope aT) QLAE) + avi " pois YAOI)” BLAiD AVRID. auniy oe We Ef Be doesn pnd aon paz (@L/244) She te angle Omade bythe a petite pendulum and the orotate the length of OA i ghen by te fata tm (62= LaF stacem is the mass of the bob. Te poenial energy of mass ms pee by V= mg(OA~ OC)= met fcosO)= malt cs) mi?P- mgl(\~ cost) ges 8 equation gives s{3)-% o£ emi ~ matsnd= 0 ar SE is called the generalised monesn ia general associated with the general co-ordinates gu ig Bae 8 potential function V, then "18 — prin daabe - fain Ph is he required equation of mation be os eer {inet the postion ofthe ¥™ parle (us) lent rem delved’ f dened yr then KE, i 8 Y afar) a av ata 1 dig) Pam svalge 9]-(& 0 Teh Sid nore a8 UM ————— Scanned with CamScanner: me, og mm a sen eget get ot et x ary Ory oy, ary? Sin aie oa + 3 = Hoy ie ond -* Sane Dadar 2a ig 5 » + ah were pp £ mh 81) «eA (03 » Meyda + Em (an $ mi 00q 207.0, £-(¥) or he eee From (2), we se that T 8 8 quadratic function of y Sone Fee isnt ey moe f conser in stenicy impo we ve Oand here (2) pis hat Te Huds eat ound? 26d) oy = iE Banded, here 04= a, ow wing ues orem for homogeneous factions, we gt ne eT 4 et (= 12.09) A tion we know that tf 417+ ang Ft Oy G24 Days dy Gi tat m Im + 20,29 93+ ~ Aha 7 ca be exresed as a quadratic expression in ites. Hence aphing Burs ose ae ert! ' 2) fat & 7 7 6 cov ml BEM EHAon oy 9, wen aatig we et fr repel and ae) 7 uct UTM 2 sell explintory fo ie oe Sane 0 i ctned a8 and Gta or oe ze nay rs 47 cos Ora os wee 7 os ea 2043 (Gem wr enw os) lB pit oP = (vlosiy?* or Hgts Oe 2G Moco Or ER ae, toy ‘ (Od ¢ atone gen Aine 7b he Rint bean ite et an a eon ee nee (Hew ezeu)] az ste wads unt of We ml Se cor + «| Laganges gongs a(ar)_ar_aw 122 ese 0h san 4 1 a 5g)- 36-8 a lie 7 , seem) » 0 a5 ngealte, Og ro cegpma tee 8 Re Aa f o mgaymoonts ernie? Fe eens New ting gbetores se to eens (SDP 129 (1602+ 12-01 8°9 Scanned with CamScannerce ($044 6eD2+ 360 090, f we Geatcoetgee By DOH pA snr a) " pine — pdcos(ts B= — #0 and D'0m py sutsitting tg aes ft (3. 86 FE 36) 82 0 = (59 — We: a "0g, 72s ls 2 an 2% The periods of exilatons are and se a(S) eae Vic 2 Y() ans (3) Ex 8 A unjfom rod, of mats Sm and length 2a tums freely Si8), Bs Ani at age Merl 2 te ple ter opketeht Se enon che rr fou saeco of sop ptm of gh and - str mig an 8 tem Serica ta tne The pare of mass m bed We ig Co sine Now 5 22 sin + 2a sing 22 (cos 86+ cos9 6) * 2a c0s8+ 2a cor I 2a (6in 88% sing 6) oo 2 aa (Gelocty)? of m =a 5 ; . (G+ $+ 28%) Aaain co-ordinates of G are (a sin 8,0 cos 8) “ (velocity)® of Ga a? Now lt be the kinetic en ‘ion et T be the kinetic energy, and W the work funtion ofthe ss Total KE. = KE. of rod + KE. of particle of mass m 3 Top sm| G06 ls Sm. ah Ps gk 206) mina ( EOP 426 pansers FOUN We SAIeH8F ME 2646 yy Tg ©2884 2ngn “rt=tna “4B cquation i sien yt” “afin) tae 36)" 267 30 4(32o 46) =- 2 ob 6) =~ Bont. ag auty Files # ewation ten by : Sais y= 289 ie yp Gaba cio’ ngewe fod 2070 (20? 0190 were Lee ow ciminating °” Bevee8() an (me ge (G20 210) 20" 9-24 0600 oc [00 '+ Med? + 21e*}0=0 Row O=A cos (p+ B) 08=~ pk sn ge my DBO pA cos (pr B= pnd Dove ps, suing these in (3, we get Cop's Hep + 2121 Oe, apt nep + 22-9 (ep 20 209-79 = 7 mf 040 Be 9. A unifom rod, of length 2, can um fry cow on end. nich fice. Inia itis incind ata angle the dovn-watdrao eiak ‘and i sae tating about a vertial axis though i fd nd with anlar loi ea Show dha, ding the ma, hed ita cine 2 te Yertical at an angle. which is > or<@ Sc > or < <3 — and that in each case i motion is ile Breen aerate ‘ie intination and 2 ate shen = a . ‘ cos! f= ne V(1="2n cosas Ih anya fi cont ge {8 be ah ded when rigs ‘haw that the ime of a small osciain i fees Scanned with CamScanner1 1. The cod 4 ituring about f ‘he the-end ©. Take 3 point P on od such that OP = & and the ee iment PO= dB . mass of element PO= 346 where mis the mas ofthe rod Fare ot any tpe te the rod Be MES OF 4 gy Incind at an ange Bo the vertical dnd let the plane throug the rod ep emp sok erat ey, P= sito, ra Pee “ape (eloiyy?of and Kinetic energy ofthe element PQ fae G+ Gsinte) ge ow, et 7b the KE. ofthe od OA, then we have Ima a2. 62 cg? " sin?) Also the work fanction, W= mga cos 8+ C. Lagrange’ ¢-equation gives G [226 sto Joo ie £ i sntono 0 6 sin? (constan, @ Iniialy a, Geo, Ke w sinter Thus (2) ges § sin? O= «si? and Lagrange’ Bequaton is 4 (27) _ ar ‘fy Wen = (1 Bh te pid ie (1+ 8) tepid om gen by T= 2, tre Pe sing alent pends, ve hve ’ TameVuip ated 7 paxce's EQUATIONS se ome 8 F tn0 He Lng evminaing 6 eIMEN 4 040) “ giante 2 Se cote Bing ata sg e) ate MAES. H eonoe “ saaty O00, eal ate Be, satan 6 be oA in) ae pe pp FOO 3 soy at ity 3 Be I BOs oe Mag oe Peo sita( 1 Se), ae ng [ ye sie) ae coe. aut site = He Mesa cs esas en HE ET atcosat cot) sa 2g con= e088 13 fe Ga HE O89 e024 De ds ese HO) From (7), we see that 6=0, when (c0s e~ cos @) {(cos? 8+ 2n cos 8+ Incas. N)-0 iether cox a~ cos ie. B @ (ei stem) 9 cos OF 2n cos 0+ Incosa~ 1=0 = dns V fants aie 2 os) te her ae awe th Hehe on eed women 0 8 8 fon Se etiam emo tei ianonae fe er ene Scanned with CamScanner= crt A 3s te. itat> or < seit Bh corr core a oo ames ready motion -— The motion Pek a estes he sen ation = TM ation ay Se gis pcrrourd coe? ae scat if ee (rougout te mation then 0 SEEPS traos a ev 8 — Wnt asgn~ sind ie. = Greera = 5 arte eww dn (er a cos sin? (a+ W) « a . sel sntatconacos= $02 38) Gin acosy+ cove say) ee ratana cosy coe sav) » | steers Sesing, (6cot a+ tana) yap. nett ion « P= 2 ‘a con ig (1+ 3 coma) Ex 10. A uniform bar of length 2a i hung fom a fiaed point by a sing ‘of lengh b fastened 0 one end ofthe bac’ Show that when the sien ‘makes smell nomel oscillations in a verical plane, the Tengh | of te punaept simple pendula i a or of the quadratic 2 [fas eis [fas ois Boo Sol. Figure is “self explan- tory. At anytime let the string OA and the rod AB make angles Gland withthe vertical. Ag= bsinO+ a sing (Gelocity? of G = FO a6 20b 8§ cos (0- 4) jg8_ EQUATIONS pie 26% ab 06 bee bn [FFE PRS 2A agg ss @equationis ee" alsa sbi POD RB oy ar) at « vin “9 Fee's reunion gen by Af (fe tary ge 2-388 BEE ncn evn * Arps p 0+ 00) 6c0 © st 20284 (ad 39) @=0 “0 Fiminating @ between these equations, ve obin (@D% 9) (4aD% 39)- 3ebD ‘I= 0 le [ab D'+ (4a+ 3b) gD*+ 341 f= 0. 15) Wowie = A oly fee ces the lng of the a wa pend t ne o=— Va) sol Vf] ee] a= #A cos| V4] r+ Ponta as[ V[ Toa vt £0, fons ote <9 =[a8- comnts] so SH dat 3b) 4 bao (v 8F0) 14 Heo. a (Saa0 3 3 ve ta i 2.1L “A uniform stright rod of leh 26 Ine cece by @ {Gi and apne of mse “aha of he se "inexensble sting, of length a 10 ON € ie Pad of ince onion v1.5 *N Uy __ Scanned with CamScannereo es edb mw ath OM Ae gt ont aisha nals a My teas Ritine et and be the Aon of the fos nd Eat Sonnac SES a eras ahem bind Beate ag? + 2a? cos (O- #06 is self em b mone a ig Vassyten ie a sin 00~ sing § coe ose on (3) aie x = 2 Ag (A mas m KON: rm oft poy g kaa A oh ome ef gt sel plane show Bat eps ofp at vepzn ihe powers of nl quate] (lacy? othe pale C= B= oe oP autos ‘Acdveocgy ofthe CG. ofthe rod Le. of O.is zero. [Now eT be the netic energy and W, the work function of the ye, then we cay get Wa SE (a cos+ a o0s4)+ C 1,291) tere age 2 ant To tm Site A) ithe ge 206) BE iat 6 2h). 2 Te a {ira stern peta reel} pee mente, mT ‘Atany time let the steps Sadned st angles ® and 9 (0 bevel Co-ordinates of m are Tintt e056). (loci? of m= 128 thie coordinates of m’are ge sin U sin, = - os28+ fo. We Leranges¢-egnton ges alte 1 050+ 1” cosh = ie be Fe Ay, 20) (sin 00+ 1” sing) quations (1) and (2) again give i ee 2G OW where ¢: ‘Now let T, be. etic energy and, W the wok fneton of be Eliminating 6 in beeen 3) and (4), we get Svea oat ” (0's 9 D's oD odie tr 320% 2 020. <1 | Namal acon mint cst 1c Boke yO A cos eB oe oe Ae Dion 9A cos wre Der toe Wh the satay gg 78 a4 O° #8 Gh igs oomph dao & oe ME Te Li (BGR Ln Ute Ut 2D Hl my 12m 12 eH) Scanned with CamScannerv o is oF gy gate TENS 4(2t)_ ar aw ss poe 16 be py Lagange’s Oequton gen by 42) a. wy oe ogg . 09" (22) and 2 V Mato cad ume myi2be mh Gl== alm +m) 8 ne) et) a 5 arforone pica! meds of ecdaig, OUT 1 sats mij Be mit Ba~ gins m0 oy [ieiienhe ener the er pe mas aeeie Seana Bee Ste cent ofthe Fiat Serbs Witte wae Bcc Seo é sg frat time then OC ° 1s te ai 9 Bd § Eguton (0) ap (2 sn ge | mie (arm) doe perm D= 0 a eereete ers a 0 |e AE eas 0s a cong timing, we wt llne ) (D4, BUD* 2 wrongs | So de. [ml D's (mem) (1+ 1") 2D (vt m') 18: Now Om 4 cos(nt> B= DO=~ nA sont 8) 2G ~ mA cor(nt+ B) =~ 170 and D40= no 6 cx 0 0 28 Hi anh ean! = (9) and (ge mill a (mem) (U4 Uo (ms mpd es amt (1,1) a (ot me = BBs a Ge 2 Bh con (8-0) = ABs 2 ag en wt EL At et 0 { neghcting smal qs ee 13. (0) "s mts Mang fom fed pont at the end of avery | B80 CH (8 Hn, 088) ig whove lenght oil truspended a mass by og he, lengh i amalleop pound wha prove that he tne ofa malo it yl 7. 8) | penciy? of A= 34 52 (nts)? of C= (a cos B+ (— 0 sn b= PP Nowlet 7; be the kinetic energy and W tework Rac of te sem . sien we readily obtain W= Mga cosO+ M's (coe « cud) K Mim’ = m, l= at (Ms M) ga con OM” gu cos K T= KE, ofcrcular whe + KE. ofparce =U PBs ABs LM CePs AP HH) gms Vt Sol Here, we hate a (ted 24 Oe me ie ot Ment, laa, Wee me BL pee Meme tee | eu apy recy wed MI SM De Ls Phe Mea a Bit a is large compared to 1, 4 Lagrange's equation gives epee the equation (9, gies” 4 a at oe (OM + My Pe M'a? Ge (Mt MDB Me Eadie 9 SOM Wy Ba a Ge cae MDE ° Tine of a small osiltion = 2 = ap A * aay ea Ex 13.(0) Atte lowest point of smooth ck 4 | PM eang's g-equation gies : fad paced a pail of mass M's the be hangovers | AOA + a pe og batt 8 8 ‘Som its highest point, which is fized, and can tum freely in ts I ms (3) and (4) can be re-write a ~_ 0 Scanned with CamScannerfame Moot Une MV dOe MDG =O and D204 (D4 e160 where om minting @ beeen tes wo equations we get [ices MDE 4M’) 1(D2* = MDM Ong Le 2D 4s € (BM4 2) D24 AM + M9000, ae ( trae ean gue 0y:D0%- nA sin (te D20— = pPA cos (ptt Y= ~ 970 and D* Om pho P 2 (and (eG € GH IPE Cs 9K ep OM 4 MVP EME M=O Eggi e+ M)1=0 “, ich again gives (2p? 6) (Mp saan 2 te ded Hence pes ofits gen by 2 and 2 be by 22V Qa/e) od 28 x 7 wri; Muiphing (6) by and sddng to (3), we have DE GM M6 90% W's 9 )=~ (M+ MY 04 24) 0) Nos! hove ch tat DW Ae we We Be Me MEM ae a’ ond hem (M4 ting 2M guaton (9) reduces to D+ MYO Mg == He (Me M04 MC 6) nd when he ~ (M+) equation 8) reduces to 30. g)=- MEM’ 0g 4) j, Pinal coocdinaes are 0 @ and ( (M+ M°) 0% M6) Forth fest mode 0 a: Om Th shows that he pa the wbe. For ‘ihe second mode’ we ME le | the second mod Farther, the xeoordintes of CG, ofthe particle and the tbe = Ma sins M” (a sn0s a sind) (since 6 and ¢ are 9 :. sin@= @ and sinp**? = Tear (M+ M04 MG) 0 using adove el (M0 M°(04 6) i, I woes ee See, a te i Teepe ra nen et Sir ce which vote nally Bea nse ns, sere egies V and 9 oth oe imi orter let O be the angle t he line joining centre makes ihe ver MD was the pin of contact teal lrizontl plan, which ined as origin. There i no ese bstwcen the cylnde, Hiveh | lane and between ie Niner sphere: thertor, we pt QBeacAB= ay and a APs we np ig a(8+ VI=b (0+ 4), ie. BO (0~ 518s ai Tetereg to the horizontal snd vets hoops O's co-ordaue sey rene 3 E'= ays a(a~ b)sinB, yo" @ (a~ Heard (coortinnss of) + bwlociy)? of C7 HC" jm (alge (a b) cos 8% manl(- b sn08)* BPH (a- HRs Zale BH) YBeasd Bais (a- bP + 2a(0- VE 0 ‘Alo co-ordinates of C are (a¥.a)- Oeiciy? of c= cyte oF amt YEW et T be the kinetic energy and W the wok C 9 We (a~ bymg cos 0+ C A wrt (ee ovofe (b 8F| STM Pee A) Scanned with CamScanneri o LT yes ene tg | gee BY (a BP tn [Beare 2 Co mea ema fa Glle= Bor 4 116-9 26 aa ys = Mls nag, Mya HPs ae hoy 1 cy dh te bt BN oO eat Mh ei et ee ge “4f tm cg- 9% o(e- B91] = ~ C~ Dyme in ee ihe atte bye Sas ~ 50 (s Osea, = (a= 98 =6= (0 ‘Mo Laganss vcutn 8 9 | ie be of Bao Oe Tee ame Soh ct beng Tf iue g ac-wo= ‘Bits te a5, arab 6] <0 a (10M + Im) aie Tm (a~ 6) B= 0 2m (a= 8) B+ (10M + Tm) 20. Eliminating @ between (3) and (6), we get 5(10M + 7m) 0 6 17 (LOM + Im) ~ 49m) (a 6) 8: or TOM (a~ 6) e~ 5(10+ Tm) g0 «time ofa small oscitaton = 3% = a=) 14M Hoxitin = Fe on V2. HM) Bx 15. A pefecty rough sphere of mast m and radius , rest ie lon peo ed pel ny of ais Toth pe at fio ihre ated a pre ems Wa a Sinise Show hte ena of eg Cor hed a particle of mass m and the sen ‘oscilaions are the same as those of snp @-» (agen 195,99 fined cavity, C the cente ofthe sper st ed. Illy NB was verte, and Sol. 0 is the centre ofthe 1B, apatcle of mie atch ‘ith seg ea (veloc)? of B= iP 5g? = (a~ #) C08 Ot cos 06174 {— (2-1) sits b ing6y? = a= We PF 0-H Uncplectng small uate of nd and Nhe re) » saa 2d (velocity)? of C= ((a~ b) cos 82s {- oe ok ton ofthe sem, Now et 7; be the kinetic energy and ‘mg(a~ b) cosO+ mg (a~ 8) cos8 b cox9) + D (a= b) (m+ m') gco88 pb costs D ’ s)ewteeo tb @b) = (a= 6) (m+ mg cos = ba ite? 3 sense + (a- HM) “(28 ve] pauper Scanned with CamScannerame 20m" =F came 2m ale, A ce mesg] msn e ; ae ey Eins ti) 9m = (mt mb 54+ m £66 app, “fo: Srecasleee dom mem (2-2 eee Hye : fe TR ATO Hm Fay «Leng ofthe simple equivalent pendutom = tnt Dm = @-p— 3 ‘ me m2 ELI6 4 pepe ouph pen reste ows pono «xo ee om ats Toe highest ole of he So 4 atached a poi of mats Z tines that ofthe sphere andthe mca ‘arb Show tate escilations ae the sae as toe ofp Pend of len tins the rds ofthe sphere. tage Sol Js ie BX. 1. Pat’ © @ey Mom ors ATONE fe ea ae sin are BaVNE patos oy et ‘m5 aD and 4 ed theough an angle y Somes en he wes no slipping between Epica eat FS saays 0 wamrenny Me Sray= - aviaays tone WW) ewye ets, berg Be oy sips 10° YW and pe bY aye 18 » act? of Pe ip site BBS ap Tas Kinetic energy fm at P= Lm WP A on) = He bye Leys Lig gay {put v for y aed 9 for in 2) the co-ordinates of G ate (a siny~ ay exry.e sy ay say) ; bz | (electing higher poser ovat saath «eae + (lociy? of G= abyhy fe i= ov. (eecing sat, gua, Tarkate Pn = EM pe BA MEF serait Beet (Gi tv igs tet eee Pe weer. Vf y and @ for 8 ‘Soilarly kinetic energy of m at O= 4 Aa yo-ordinate of @ Scanned with CamScannera ream et maar ane 4, $mst @P- 0%) fe (M+ 2m) avs and To de (204 BG elm C2 FV Laney aby) We MP ee tS? i (ar) _ ar aw Lagange's Gequnton s (22) 35= Se san ad (nt? Bh=- mg 2B £0, a ‘engi of the simple equislent pendulr ‘Also Lagrange's y~ eq® gives Glas ant = - a(t may a¥= ~ oe ' M+ an length ofthe other equivalent pendulum = (Me Onda Ex 18 A smooth cular wi, of mass 8m and mds swings ba vera plane being upended by an ensble sing of length a atached io one point of tka pole of mars m can side onthe wie. Prove tae Se a s % a8) 2) ary (ens) Sa Aone Bn it nd te a Ate ne ites ed @ woe ead ir etc (a) bene) Sa nce yw ees Nowco'rinacs opene Ye tet oss EQUATIONS you web #509 AEH cere eostpof C= OO 2, 1, 2 oe a om | pie 2+ 2706 srroxony , ee 002 004+ acosgs Fem ~ a(n 00+ singg) Tpordinates ofthe patil m (i Hoe re (in 0+ sin + siny, ftp ac jp a(608 8 C085 + cony, onocytof m= a8 se Po abby a, fal te te tne eneray a We a teitpe realy set Gio img(acosO+ Aos9)+ meleets ects com, wimg 9080+ 96086 + avy) at Te Lm (as (CB CHS 2206) 28 an, funcinn oe sem, a0 + Lima Ps Ps 26625 96 0 se To Sm ote 1762 WP 106s 2654 2081 0 { Lagangs’s 8, and y equa ge the oe Go — 980 0) eee Ay 8 md Ube Hey 1 ch canbe rewiten as 7 (.D*+ 90) 6+ 9D*O+ D'y=0 re so'es (170+ 94+ DY=® o set Dios vig + (ots aye o Flinjtig @ and. yin.) (0 a0 P= ms 9D" + 9¢. oo a so phen t [e® mS ated ls aos 99 tveqan?s oye DeeD# S91? (aD? 9e)taat 27eD"+ 918° Scanned with CamScannerEQUATIONS PRAMS OF A sy oe Noy | Tg a origi andthe tora ke [60% 99 (80+ 30 (D+ 30)}8% 0 p8eh es te8 Ca ag eh ag fede maeecgms Bee rene ee om = pA sin prs B).D?0=— PA C08 t+ B)=— py 24 20+ a) 55D gives (Bp? — 9) (Re = ng fs Ong | ph 107 SH ae am ~(e- 8) (@2) [ea side Os Ce ay en in he Bae 1 Mordnaes of he parce pA een ee caan 2 2 tage sna a og le hus pri al nian ate 2, 22 ee V{%). 2 vf fay bs? of MD = (0-6 HBB sage te VB). 2 V(). 20 Vg : Dag nao aap dc ity ory 7 bee Kn eney a 2 SO et an fee wi on a peony magne | eel St bain Be Ee. A of rains which res and fe 10 ll on & peecty ugh here “A heavy particle whose mass is n times that of plank is embame. In he ctnder ats owt pone If be stom tr igh dpe ot tht pend of escort vale of e a ife ames 5 ~ meal © 6 | amp Pant in| Ze ate |e ier by te equation Sp! (nt 12) + 3 (n= 1 sos T= tm] S6% a | 4 bom D2? eng? Sat" Cite come fhe einer whose radian 2 : re mas ofthe particle embedded in| $4 4c?) + Lom ae sting mss othe pk em ere ie oes po ft ir ose and are he anges toh vbch the eyes and pla ive ted ine fom tinal postions nt Eni se cig wi hw eM po fe ogee on) ine Sa Se There is no slipping between the plank and the cylinder, hence Lagrange's O-equation is given by 4 | “=|-Z= Fare bering between nr andthe onal a, | APSE Osteation sen ty |g) 2 ¢ 28 | rroinas, shin) —ampts angatb- ote 0 ‘carers pagan ee @{ ma 7 sao ome gle me gi 20-9 s[efs)- = ae euaions (1 at 2) can be re-iten 2 WD?# RIE A= OY Hideo (02+ 30) 0 where c= (70 einting ¢ in between (3) and (8) [aD 7+ ney (D2 + 36) - 3219 45) ‘bmw 06 « PG atckP= a(g- 9) \ Rees cine 12) 2+ 30 IED, R lotr angele = 28 where O vas the ina point ofcons® | "Vit the periods of esiiation ae the | the cylinder and the horizontal plane. aries Parody of ee - Scanned with CamScannera PME OF tpg : wee | goes EOUATINS 2(2)ie aero yan Ps, V [ee pe coordinates of G «(Sues then te solatop of jh sbow ston must Be of he frm i fon) 4] pet vel ora co (Jr 7 CPA be the Kit ney ane yg, pon 1 sJon Joe] we on Wnt 2 fe (4 MEOH Dip pre -(4}p% ooe[ [E +8] 4 ty | ee == [oe a0 and D°0= op, ure [Ze Psa Susi ese vas (5) We et fer (as type 3(0~ DAOO os shal satph= (n+ IB)pPe Bla =O F Boo nn Iapoma/a sit hare se ofa ytt0, | ake 4 9 HP Ee ny hinged one end of a homiagencous rod, of mass nM andthe ou) Js equation is: 4 fet ied fie ot he em aks mal sey | tasters eaten ent S(t ide ry cb the poston of ella the cent of asp ered bang ens we ee lane pang ug helt |b a os 3) Mt AME) =— Kees ggg ‘how thatthe periods ofthe pincpaloxilatons ar the values of ® | itn 7 | anor 984 6 =— 3004 940 2 sien by th equation She Lagrange's @-equatign gies 7 3 2eb (6+ Te) p*~ pa 100(3+ m)+ 210 2+ mb + 152 2 meq | LEE wher ais the eng of he rod and her ofthe sphere AI de ab MO} =~ 6 aes Sol." At any ime t, Tet the rod and the sphere have turned thou | Seo 2) ati 5a ‘ese can be re-uriten as (2a (n+ 3) D243 (nt DelOr G20 td SoD 20+ (bd? + 599 =0 6 ig @etveen any ma . (aab (Ins 6) D+ (0a (ne 3)+ 2Ib(r+ 210" Lise adie ae (5, ets put A cos ue » Doe psn HONEA ial nee One 2 Ace atten Pn cas en oat oer" aera + b sin = tuting these values in (5), we have jon asm + Dag, yom a conOe b corp weecetge Mai yyeaet “Gels of = ike ie Be 6% 20405 cn(0- 01 TE Hotow nda adn li fa cok low ice en = aPtPs OG 20606 (> @ and ¢ are small im on the axis of the eyinde 3 Scanned with CamScannerDYNAMICS ¥ © ay og rt and tide ain. Ima ncntn, show that 78 goon By ay, Hieies yt a= Gs 0 vo where M and M” are the masses of the roller and counte 7 ra fan of bot ace eee Pa ‘Fic coie of ma fom eat ed Sol Suppose O° isthe centre ofthe cylinderial rote, 7 ‘entre of ravi of the counterpoise, whose mass is yrs ise'o x te taeda rar and eine oN © ounerpie wich wee italy rea. appcesnG ind oh te vena a te tne ial ed Thr itm sling vee te slider and he hore OFT we Ka a Now sting O's gn se "eialthoh Gas counts se, Weve crt saa Sg= 00+ hing, yg a= heos$, ~ (ecg of C= s+ 3c (a8 eos 98)? ching 2O HG 2ah06 Ines neglecting higher powers Bat rads of gyration of the couerpoie show o O'G=h, Herce the square of radius of gyration about G Also (velocity)? of 0” = (a2 a2 [+ co-ordinates of 0” are (a8, a)) [Now let T be the kinetic energy and W, the work function ofthe gen 4) it kate a then we pt Ta pM (Bs a+ LM (U2 Hy Se GPs 1G 2th Mowe EH PRs IH 8s ans. We M° gheoso + D, Useranee's Begeaton ses 4 (244 410% Mahé 3 GMM + 0) 3B Me ab ged OM Habs M’hgn 0 0 While Lagrange's ¢-equation gives Seger GEES Mah 14" hg 3 BR oht= - = att P 6 aA ~ oo, you EQUATIONS 0-0-4, O' Gan uw eliminating 8 betwee (1) and) pt (007 OMe EI us Hy He oe (OM MERE ce arya at if 2% is the tine of sal oxion, hen we stone ge Aeon) Ge= pain ges Bat = “Equation @) gies = POM + MV B= MR |=~ Me A) g Le Ge 0} x22. To equal mds AB ond BC eh of ng Linon ited 2B are apchded fom A don veel ple ong Show that the. period of nrg excilatins ox sk x i 0 Pacorges 8) = 9% 28 here n= [32 So. "at any ine te ‘AB and BCbe inclined sands and 9 to the vec Co-ordinter of © #8 t este Leong ge tind fondng 00" : Liat POG (and @ are smal) ___ a, beste = FO an Pe PRS r Scanned with CamScannerDIANE OF 4 yet SQUAT . Whe Work fiction, , : tet 7, be the Rint enya f ton. ob, fal 8h eg ison rae me (1208 08 2 cg) "My |g Frm at NO cone ag C2 rey tung then we have W= mec me 209 * | ional Ng NO Leama mel et eit ne et herd mat ih ie of i elke eS g 2S len rere 2 ft wa gi(3cos+ 0089) etn he rz Pe, ihe gh ee BPO MERE PO He, a given = ime dete 1474 06) Shae. Lapange’s Bequtons @(az)_ar_ aw iy 2 tie 360-%o . ; While Lazanges@ equation gies P £di6+ hy je0 938+ 26 — Hy 4 Eguains (1) and 2 cam be writen a8 0" 90,04 3029 = 0 y and 30784 (20% 30) $= 0 where (4) 4 Eliminating @ between (3) and (4), we get pent ani sed. (oy 500239 tem 0 16 cos0 cos Hsin sn ie (1+ A2e*4 772) O= 0 r Haas Letuesssume, Om A cos(nr+ B) => DO= nA sin urs 8) ~9 = 1 cos0 cos0+ If sin cog, = Aang DO a? A cos(nts B)=~ n°6 and D“= n*9 26 1? sin? 06? f ‘Substituting these values in (5), we get colt Pe Oat C8 Mas BVO Oe Tem Bast P00 ts 008 | a nf eee pte aire gs 2a Ret V UeR0"- ap are) ; te ate ENUF 4 1A) =n 22 re rate foe 6 6 - ene) seg Lisiven]es ree feé}e. aos ae] nears ere 4 sd uno pie has tg od cached oh mente ae ‘Passes through its centre. This rod is so ted t0 a fixed vertical ats 8% | ang Ww meicos x marsin Ist ‘weer oe Lagrange Sequnton ses 1 in ing, pes Ucn eh pte a Pest © beruten the mod and the ate mop shee on tk ania it Ye verical as be forced wot conser ale Ap tag 2 sind cs sno tow ae er cenit ih a(S] o eee = 1? (cos 6~ c0sB) (cosa cos adiive® se gt he pon ardor nl sind SP? nd 8 10 6 varies as e090, ~ costa, [Meerut 1989, Agr Scanned with CamScanner| | f fi ce 0a, Motipving both sides by 29 and integrating, we got + 1 Oe 291 cos= 37a? cos?0+ G = @e n*(cos @— cos) (cos a~ cos @) ae : [= PR Por sin?@ rls keto we mol c08 8 ma? ity, + D)+ 1? aPaitgy * = msi cos 0 mi%a? sind, ~ Ja"? cos90- Lmart+ A where Ais constany #1? cos'0+ B where B is constant = tm Ula cos 0~ 517 cas eiecpege [ Inet ates a], Emel? cos? wich varies as (cs? ~ cos?y Bx 24 Four anor rds eck of length 2, a hinged at hi ede g 31 fom a thombus ABCD. The anges Band D ok conte ct sing and he lowest end A reson hoon cena dC tetova smooth src whe ping hroegh di Sepia te ings acted ets tae et feet IAD i 20 Show that te tne of mall oselaion teak 08 y ~ cota ey ‘cos G 3¢ cos 2a ‘Sol. In the postion of equitscum, rods are making angles @ with the e sertical. When the sptem is sey ifeplced from he postion of equi librium, Jet the rode make. snele " (a8 wih the ‘ere Siete all diplacement. Now a the fixed end A” as origin and the horizontal and vertical lines through it as co-ordinate axes, the coer gol G2" (WONG 9, 21s S38 OL, ME Tana 0 6, ines oF ie 59) |" 7 = Fe ot, le | = ee tot 9) soars aig pest nton W een by We aI mactnies + 2{- ms Becta 0)}~2) Santen a Smgacos (a+ 0) ~* (rasinlas ey? e's @ equation gives ‘ a (14 Sein O)O- tomesnias Qealas OF ce epn(as 8-2 arate ter mat 2 28 14 asin? (ar O18 = tenant 9~ towargtimerea 0 | sing ence (0) es , B= 0, iy when 0 0,6 an Pag sue of Lin eqn (0, = Mad i143 sg2(ar 018 cos ayia 1 (as SESE A arsninr 9) ee wee heh = mgs: we Tao a os = WT SO" oti toe om te ver OF Ewe W iu gee reece dinates of Gy “are {asin (a+ 9), Sacos(a+ ) ‘ OW is he wot anton of ee | __ Scanned with CamScanner(14 3st) = tmpsinas cone = BOE atone nine Boe) a 32605 2a = SMBIS0526 9 op, hu 2 oa 2acona (te 3sinPay © op Tine of sal oi theta ry [ascos act 3s? by 29} f “Seconda Ex 28 4 unio rod AB, of length 2a can tum freely i ngle the horizon Pai distance ¢ from its centre, and is at rest at an angle 0.10 the Lotion het SEA ane by ah sing of lengh from one end I en Beige ae oe tale pas in, he aan tine Ge simple pendulum of tit Sac coe a 32 sit hee dete mam Sol_Let Af be the mass and G the cente of gravity of the rod. Further let © be the point aboat hich i can tum where OG =e Let BP bea sing of length land im the nas ofthe particle ted 1a the end P ofthe sting BP. Initily rod was making an angle & ‘sith the ovizontl andthe sing was vertical Let By be the iil positon of 2 80 that ZION = a After a time « tet the rod make an angle 8 with OB i.e. an angie Gs 2 wit he hrc andi he sng be inclied at an age With the vertical. wag be “ si pont PREM ware, hence aking moments about 0, Ga i Position), we get Me= m(a~ o. id eee eri 3206 athe borin and te vei rough co-ordinates axes, we obtain the following results me Bnd cos as Hs ing. ym tan) cin (x4 04 Teas * (velocity)? of P= (~ (a~ c)sin(as 6) be 1 cos 96)? + a~ c) cos(as 6)0~ 1 sin 46)? na" Os HR aa 086 sna 04 9) s oe caves, ete eae le Pe oe T= iM Larppte Ccauaion tics tPF g5un) 4 ne 2]+ mien oie. 8 mito 9@inan 9 (d+ 300 B~ Sesn a8 0. Woe Lapa et ars 4 {nP §— mia o)dsina ls I~ (a~ )Bsinae = — 55 a Seine inning in (1) and), we he ff dna 2+ 3ac~ se(a- 0) site aot ecm ela- asia gs gy ; ot Bac + 30c cos? a+ 3esin?a o Stic cor a sesinha igs 9p a+ Bac Pe ag gta UGS accot ax ane) °F S Length of the simple equivalent pendulum = 5 + Le teccotas 32st, a Jae Scanned with CamScanner” BYRNES OF & Ron TM Ae ntti nt apt nso Bette oct cetiteg ote Soubaelciseranatee ss nya ae) mee) Sol. We have Xo= Wasing + de sind and yg IBacor9+ decosO dt ihe W964 10h + 106704 cos(@- 9) Thus, T= Zw (PP Gi 5 2d he work incon Ws mptisacts6' da cos8) Laganges Bequaton ges afar). ar 3[F]-B oe wie 20 “0 While Lagrange’ ¢-equatic: gi tis ha E @ run (a) = D400 3-3 3 and D?(126~ 139) = — Faze- 139) Now putiag 0+ 3) X Sx i. fd 120-139» Yin these equates e De SE x and C sha ore ih bi epetdent simple harmonic man Hence X and ¥ ae principal oad cnt (0+ 36) and (120-1: are pri ets ted de 28 V/ 22) ana on Vf 2 joss BQUATIONG yO as ore OD 4) 84 (— me PE (2) at 20 V2 ' abe sof he he Lag eae Mes Bonet cent afk Fae stk is Srdiantes Of the point P are 4 Be, gin d+ sng) Hs east od) t sige ie ORs Oe 2h) 2 and gre am Ponta oF aso, ca SP et ca _ orbs? of O°» AR STFS Bacay of ceca hp ey tg fn (als os Sas sai nds my |. so the work function W= mga cos 8+ mg (acor8+ ecu np (eB coy Lagrange's equation gives 38+ § fn Lagrange’s $-equation gives 8+ §=- £4 2) Now adding (1) and (2) and mabiphing (2 by 2d sbncing (1) ‘fom tha, we get D® (20+ ¢)=~ (20+ 9) ad D7 @- =~ 4@- ‘hing 20+ 9 = X and ¢~ 0= Yves Di=~ Lx and D2 BY; sich obviously represen two independent np ami aan, X and ¥ are principal coors ta (B+ #) 84 0-9 4° principal co-ordinates sof small os lalate 4 's Equations with impulsive frets hes the ores arte we Bie 9701 ions are given by [ Mewrat 1951 Scanned with CamScannerPIMA OF roy > Xm, spnses EOUATIONS oe vB: O26 he se ee adoining diagram, we gree! ty, a ate ate ga he code ce reas th pn Bro Mee teeta ioe eget FE Get feos 814 sshd 4 far) a, 2 Ba)” He naan Inca bl ies of (9 8 9 = O10 om white Ga= EF, [fe], Beedrereltee} a) | ee eee 1 ET Gta or Fo" F188, Ge agg, van Fam GF Fn 8I 66 Ge : S894 G+ sey we REO nite tag of the ro C= Lo 2 ny, o Utes sibs O and 1 denote respectively quantities before a the application ofthe imple fore oom Ee Menten known Laan equations ander impli fmide tate. KE, ofthe rod CD KE. ofthe rod DAs Lmtd dy Bem ee mais hinged a dee Fiat enamine lis KE. of system= Sm (E+ i+ tad G Leroy ‘ately afer the appcuton of the im es a7 Pe Pe es = mP+ + SmPGs 9 {8 now assume that intl the ambos i qe ae wis “és parallel to the co-ordinate anes and is cent bese he or Se Wen te sue Sh, fie in greta be ae Spe th ante ple by Ses AD ora he (or eB Yuh ieee) ad Bd 8; ad 6 respect wih ee ordi ofthe cente ae Nahagleaae ae ce ore reece Sr ase the notion, ad (tee ais eae or "tater the impulse is applied, we have ae te | 7, or ar Fert 3g] = md, = 0f 22] = aie her € repens atime nena, The We call, impli es and 1, ae ale *) ai) Imps M2, 1 he grt ip) nb wien ag Scanned with CamScannerances EQUATIONS -u ations 2) 808 (3), (4) ago oe 20.0 284 sin O-4mj= LA, Tri ™9 6. pom (2+ tml? 3s 43 - v 2 oom [oe gua ven?) | eas ait sat inmeditely the pk oe ae = 48 and 00 approtinaey son ests 28, Three eal ior mis 48.26. coenray Ean nds hd Ba ft inc ent Pd 8 fa ut he igh of ter cpa, fbr of the sare Bow png mee pt and in the plane of square Show hat he eur sap re 1, athe impulse forces the mas ofeach od 4a, ‘ery Za np Find also the blows at the joints B and C. Dm” Op = gy Si The tow Ji shen a Foe tee Be ye 2 16 | Gitte C6. of a5 at hee 3 tt angles to AB nll 9 | erode AB and CO wi wn pees, rough the same angle 8 but to ‘hetod BC wll remain parlet a? (8) WAD. ie * Now lt 7 be the KE. of the 9 | oem then ve have = Te adal Sa « F4= (= 1 6050, 1e088) 1+ (y= Isin 4 sin (19 Fa 6 font) ese Ge tande anes a | © Hie exe oe Fer (4 1eos0\+ eord) ts Ge hinge ent) 3)- S| -toae ee FX (x4 1 6088, Icos)i+ (y+ Isin 0, + Isin Oj {19 M at Bu ial the imple fee 4 iin he denon fem Tig gay 7 sont 92 32 as a Bing 72S Goud Scanned with CamScanneras © ey SECOND PART LecP and be the implies i B and CrEAPECCD Wiha ‘sow te fig then conning be oon aA tng, ‘oments abou Awe Bet = ‘Change ithe seul pomentom about the axis through A “Srnomens ofthe impules about this axis ‘Asin considering the motion of CO and taking moments about p, bain aoe 34, Time glo ms AB BC, eh fa Bar ln tS ft on Be made ae desl Bond $ incon perpen it show hat he intel veloc of 0 ts Lg ‘thatthe intial angular velocities ofthe rods are Ge 81 et So 9) Oma Sma? Oat oases 2 Sol "Tost ater the Blow kt Aa 4 be the linear velocity of 0, and let 8. 9. be the inclination of BC. 'CD and AB to thee ntl postions Now let 7 be KE. of the system, then a Te i[e% Plat few = ob oir} 26 os abe a} +n atm] a ey Me, 4 ae ‘ [se $26 side ign nai A jb bation o pte * Lapanges equation for bows gs” "= hve T= 0 Ot) (2) oy ami L a) [ay], 7 1 Im mabe mae 1 935s abe ab= Similarly Lagrange’s 8, $ , y equations give Sonne we te, 4 Jae ob oF Sob aeons ag 5 Fa Sag ne Bit Dabs ag 5 wie usin 2 ESHELF oN a eee fost we wet hy ogy fle fe habe 0 we aes fale Bea gen 5y Si —_ ne? uo sbatitating IN fj and Bin eguatin joy tc ye 1 Sma t 120 0 or ex sor ion nae Oma? fom mon anes pag ee nin Be erat anna pee site am pf mgr aor : Chace ett tall point of AB in the direc. fi as showm in the figure 20 ‘mation of BC, AF Therefore they have after im ple same angular velocity s2) ‘so the rods AB and DE will tepin to move at ight angles to tenets. Now let and j be Jeloctes just afer the c+ Se of impose of C in the dtecton off 17 oF Bs wy of Cette 8 Scanned with CamScannerFo 2a in 30" = 0 44 4: (0) and 2) =9i4 a= j= 00 = a0 fw aca veel of the CG ofthe rod BC Is wos 9% Now actual selacy ofthe 2°, AD and sn 30a ight anges to A (oelociyy? of 6; = (aw cos 0+ (2+ a sin om? This KE. of BC = Im tbat ((00 839% G+ ao sin 392 =n detals Pr eaive fm SPP AVIET S96 oo: ‘A Kinet ery of CD Im tfete?+ ((a0 c0530)*+ (j~ a sin 30) = niftots F aoy = a= Tay 4: Total Kneis Energy Tis gven by T= 27) + 273+ Ty+ 1, where 75 and T, ate KE.s of AB and DE respectively c Te Lm Life 2 msm (826 27 £51 + Remsiey iP 22-5) or Te dm(S24 57-53) « Lagange’s equation i GL Lagrange’ equaion ges 4m (105) =0 fm oe yar Solving (1) and (2), we get = Alo = (4/10) and aw=1¢j— ) a0 - FOG and 00=365- down — hy (0 Some Cert Suppose fia pail ore Dem of Npanicles moves subject pore onsomins, as for example a pale moung along a cea we oS Fal body moving along an inckined plane then he wl be nee, hint eb of inne odes hrc 6 ooh motion These co-ordinates denoted yg tp called Ww aoe equations, ges, THEE O-OHE m8) ed, oe oa ae iy Giggs of te Riess ord aid way Wer, ies cad ak Mnf ny ue eg et caration eatin Bert II 2K Be the postion ee 1g 47260-00616 Se, The elaom PRE th ere maioneauations. es we oe ye (de te Yee WO A = God BE 5G dom 4 0 a ag T= Flys Gy onl) 7 os tae tron WD ei te er eiesfication of Mechanical sens. cs re corp Se aid chomant a Same ot Bo chs ty nett eget i en nd pln Nae _ ™ ‘(Meerut 1983 (P)) Lay ey a eet he peed vette ce seca ne meno Me pei ‘epressed as equations having the for {(sy- $~ %e!™ My tein he yen dw Bask a Tan * ee ues cin seemed eae uni rot eet he ee ee a a Nene. ofthe suena =} Emde The KE. ofthe system can be writen 14 ak e8 Safe ‘ ily ie. Scene he peeled nice ‘te W the system is independent He is Rheonomic, near tems i 0 Generalised Forces. Scanned with CamScannerSP arate mene oP, ev pore, _— . cave F baile the 0" EE Tq pee cmd fore seid WM SMe yy, 2 me ml oy aw Hic)” He” 81" te foran 2 knee © fort etteons hick ety tan aE called the ow te Toe gant fo eH cae the Beneraied ng, sented i eae ie forces ae derivable from a potential Y then eu sc Bia” Ha sioe the poeta or potential energy isa fonction of aon peste etme ¢) then, we have We fat} Fer ee Sala 7» (- a me [: thd bn TV iit oe Leming Pea We dened p= 2 seen crit, Mena ey oredr ene inca ota e he 1 = Gri) Lis.) A= i= O14) OVA) au because Y the RE. sytem does not depend upon — Oe 19 be the generalised momentum associated 5 the momentum cone where subirpts 1 ad 2 plano age ete guns ete le euations are known as La for 200m a Legange'sequatious underimpuis a a ewors scons snr ct ET sc sees irk manatee et iyi as ot ma Sau ann ny sees fed pots a he dame peed eer eae ‘ine of team he pasa Se lef Sp se ae . cae» te gh con gh 7 ute ae each sin. (gra 1994) _— ‘atest ntl ne, Wea okey ge ae ae (1+ 3 sin? 0) d= m (w+ aw sin, Soatiemn Lore TRS ceas rena Srvapelmanun bomen eae sts of avy on snot ht te wi aa wey ven Oat port miner epee ed rede rrr htarteg 2 dean ag Seen eesece oaceee FE poe er eetecitrretinre anunsiee yee fined ce ee ee sl werk E Scanned with CamScanner