UNIT-3 PRINT REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT |. Anew reading public Il. Religious debates and fear of print IIL Print & Dissent |. Anew reading public FEATURES: After the coming of Print: a. Printing reduced the cost of books. b. Time & Labour required to produce each book came down. c. Multiple copies could be produced with greater ease. d. Access to books created a new culture of reading. e. Common people lived in a world of oral culture. f. They heard sacred texts read out loud, ballads recited and folk tales narrated. CHALLENGES TO READING: Books could be read only by literate, and the rates of literacy in most European countries were very low.How to overcome challenges: . Printers began publishing popular ballads and folk tales. 2. Books illustrated with more pictures 3. Books were sung and recited at gatherings. 4. Taverns in towns. Il, RELIGIOUS DEBATES AND THE FEAR OF PRINT a. New world of debate and discussion began b. Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas. c, Persuade people to think differently and move them to action. FEARS ABOUT PRINT a. Easy access to printed word and wider circulation of books could have on people's mind. b. Rebellious and irreligious thoughts might spread. c. Authority of valuable literature would be destroyed.MARTIN LUTHER AND NINETY FIVE THESIS a.Criticised many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic church. b.Printed copy of this and posted on Church's door at Wittenberg in Germany. c.He challenged the church to debate his ideas. d. Division of church e.Protestant Reformation f.New Testament of Bible. g.Luther said " Printing is the ultimate gift of god and the greatest one. Ill. PRINT & DISSENT Example: of Menocchio, Miller in Italy a. Reinterpreted the message of Bible and formulated a view of God and creation of this world. b. Enraged by this the Roman Catholic church resisted his publication. c. He was being hauled, threatened and finally executed by the Roman Catholic Church.PRINT CULTURE AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION |. Print popularised the ideas of enlightened thinkers. Il. Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate. lll. Print mocked the Royalty and criticised their morality .