TRIAM UDOM SUKSA SCHOOL

NAME:________________________________________ M.5/______ No.______

DESCRIBING CHARTS, GRAPHS, AND DIAGRAMS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHARTS, GRAPHS, AND DIAGRAMS

EXERCISE 1: Describing Figures and Table

Directions: 1. Complete the names of each graph or diagram by using the words given.

map table pie chart

flowchart or diagram line graph bar chart

2. Complete the descriptions 1-8 of the figures below with the words a.-f.
(Words can be used more than once.)

a. column b. features c. axis

d. row e. stage f. segment

A ______________
linegraph typically illustrates trends. Here the
horizontal (1.) __________
axis represents time and the vertical
axis
(2.) __________represents the characteristic that changes
over time.

A ______________
Bar chart is often used to make comparisons
column
between categories of items. Each (3.) __________
represents one category.
 pie chart
A ____________ shows how a whole is composed of parts.
segment indicates a percentage of the whole.
Each (4.) __________

A ______________
table is often used to categorize data when
precise figures are needed. This example contains four
(5.) __________
vsh and five (6.) __________.
column

A _____________
flowchart diagram illustrates a process.
or _____________
Here each box represents one (7.) __________
stage in the
process.

map
A _____________ featuresof a
illustrates the (8.) __________
location, such as roads, bridges, and railway lines.

EXERCISE 2: Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the following extract from Industrial Relations and Employment in
Sweden and look at the following statements about the passage.
Are they true (T) or false(F)?

Labor Market Trends During the 1960s and 1970s

Since the mid-1960s the number of people employed in Sweden’s business sector has
declined. The sharpest drop has been within agriculture and forestry, but industrial
employment has declined as well. During the 1970s employment also fell within the
construction field, while growth in the private service sector, i.e. retailing, transportation,
etc, was slower than in the 1960s.

Taken as a whole, this meant that almost the entire increase in the number of jobs both during
the 1960s and 1970s consisted of public sector expansion. In the 10-year period 1968 – 1978,
employment in the public sector nearly doubled. It totaled just over 1.2 million jobs at the
end of the 1970s.

The decline in business sector employment has not, however, meant a drop in production.
During the 10-year period ending in 1974, the number of employees in industry fell by more
than 40,000 but production climbed by roughly 60%. Production per working hour nearly
doubled. Since 1974 production has stagnated or declined, and industrial employment fell
 relatively sharply in the late 1970s. At the same time, it appears likely that production in
Swedish industry can grow without causing employment to climb.

The Swedish labor market thus underwent fairly major changes in the 1970s. Despite the
decline in industrial employment, the number of job holders rose by about 250,000 during
the decade. The entire increment consisted of part-time employees. This trend, which
commenced during the 1960s as an increasing number of women joined the labor force,
became even more pronounced during the 1970s. The latter decade saw 315,000 more
women begin gainful employment. This meant that by the end of the 1970s, just over 70%
of all women aged 20-64 in Sweden belonged to the labor force. The number of males
holding jobs remained fairly constant during the period.

_____
↑ 1. Since about 1965 there has been a fall in the number of people employed in
agriculture.
_____
F 2. In the same period, industrial employment did not drop.
_____
↑ 3. Between about 1965 and the 1970s growth decelerated in the private service sector.
_____
~
1 4. Production went up by well over a half between 1964 and 1974.
_____
↑ 5. It is possible that an increasing rate of production is not dependent on more jobs.
_____
F 6. In the 1970s, the number of jobholders fell.
_____
# 7. The ratio of women in the labor force has been falling since 1970.
_____
+ 8. The number of male jobholders was steady from about 1965 to around 1975.

LANGUAGE SUMMARY
Some of the most common expressions used to describe trends are set out below.

To indicate upward movement () To indicate downward movement ()

a rise to rise a fall to fall
an increase to increase a drop to drop
to go up a decline to decline
a climb to climb a decrease to decrease
a jump to jump a dip to dip
a peak to peak a reduction to reduce
growth to grow to plummet
a boom to boom a plunge to plunge
to soar a slump to slump
to rocket to go down
to skyrocket

Indicating stability and fluctuation

Verbs Definitions
1. plateau at to stay at a steady level after a period of growth or progress.
2. level out to stay at a steady level of development or progress after a
period of sharp rises or falls.
3. level off to stop rising or falling and stays at the same level.
4. bottom out to reach a lowest or worst point usually before beginning to
rise or improve
5. stagnate to stop developing or making progress.
 Indicating stability and fluctuation
Verbs Definitions
6. remain steady/ constant to be still in the same state or condition.
7. stabilize to make something become steady and unlikely to change.
8. fluctuate to keep changing, becoming higher and lower.
9. flatten out to stop rising or falling, staying at the same level

EXERCISE 3: Indicating Stability and Fluctuation

Directions: Complete the boxes with the words from the table above.
level out plates at
reach a peak
level off
level out level f
of

remain constant
remain steadyflattenert

flatten out

has stabilize

stagnate out

bottom ou

plater at

fluctuate

hasstabilize
flatten out
level off
LANGUAGE SUMMARY: INTENSIFIERS AND DOWNTONERS
The following bar charts show some of the most important intensifiers and softeners which
indicate the extent of change.

fractionally higher marginally lower slightly higher a little lower

200 198 200

190

somewhat lower considerably higher substantially lower

200 200
160
100

a great deal higher far lower

much lower
dramatically lower
200 significantly lower

40

LANGUAGE SUMMARY: RATES OF CHANGE

The following graphs show some of the ways in which the rate of change can be indicated.

Sales rose dramatically.

sharply.
rapidly.

millions
25

20

15

10

2017 2018 2019 2020

 There was a gradual fall in population.
steady

5 millions
10

2019 2020 2021 2022

EXERCISE 4
Directions: Complete the table with the correct adverbs.

Amplifiers/ Intensifiers Diminishers/ Downtoners

Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs
considerable considerable gradual gradualy
dramatic dramatically marginal marginally
marked markedly slight slightly
remarkable remarkably steady steadily
steep steep slow slowly

LANGUAGE SUMMARY: USE OF PREPOSITIONS

Here are some of the most often used prepositions in the context of trends.
The percentage rose from 60% to 80%.
The figure fell from 80 to 60.
The amount stood at 234,000.
The amount stayed at 390.
The figure rose by three percent.
There was a rise of six percent.
EXERCISE 5
Directions: Match the following expressions with the appropriate curve.

a. a dramatic rise b. a barely noticeable decline c. a sudden drop

d. steady growth e. a fluctuating performance g. a stable situation

Fig 1: _____
I d
Fig 2: _____ Fig 3: _____
D

Fig 4: _____
a Fig 5: _____
e Fig 6: _____
2

EXERCISE 6
Directions: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the words.

Number of visitors to Grand Ville Museum between 2016 and 2017

Numbers of visitors
Age
2016 2017
10 – 14 7,000 7,500
15 – 24 25,500 25,000
25 – 44 18,500 17,500
45 – 64 15,000 6,500
65 – 74 12,000 11,500
75 and over 6,500 6,000

higher fall lower displays

dropped jumped marginal dramatic

1. displays
This statistics ______________ the number of visitors to the Grand Ville Museum
between 2016 and 2017 by age group.
2. lower
Visitors in the youngest and oldest age groups tended to have a ______________ rate of
attendance.
3. marginal increase in the number of visitors aged 10 to 14 years
There was a ______________
between 2016 and 2017.
4. According to the survey results, there was a slight ______________
fall in the number of
visitors aged 15 to 24 years between 2016 and 2017.
5. drop
The number of respondents in the age group range of 45 to 64 years _____________
significantly in 2017.

EXERCISE 7
Directions: Study the graph and then read the interview published in the magazine Marketing
in Wessex between Mary Rogers and a reporter. Complete the interview.

Situation: After Mary Roger’s presentation, Wessex Information got the go-ahead to carry
out a market survey on behalf of Vinoitalia. A year later, the product that resulted from that
survey-Cocktail 8- was on the market. As you can see from the graph below, sales for the
first year did not correspond to the forecast.

55,000 lower continued peak

40,000 fall increased rise

Cocktail 8 bottles/month
thousands
60
50
40
30
20 Sales
Sales
10 forecasts

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Reporter: Mrs Rogers, as I understand it, you conducted a market survey. There were no
distribution problems, so what went wrong?
Mary Rogers: First of all, I wouldn’t accept that anything ‘went wrong’, as you put it.
Cocktail 8 was launched in January, and immediately sales (1.) __________
v3s2
continued
quickly, and from April to June this trend (2.) ____________.
Reporter: Yes, but surely the forecast for April was for higher sales around (3.)
__________
48080 bottles and isn’t true that actual sales were consistently (4.)
__________
lower than forecast?
Mary Rogers: Yes, but that’s only true for the last month. We’d forecasted a (5.) __________
rise
in the summer months because of barbecues, the warm weather. And, in fact,
I admit we were overoptimistic, because sales tended to (6.) __________
fall even
towards the Christmas holidays.
Reporter: So you predicted a (7.)__________
peah of about (8.) ________
58888 bottles around July
followed by even better sales towards the end of the year?
Mary Rogers: Yes.
Reporter: So, to return to my first question. What went wrong?
Mary Rogers: Frankly, I believe that in the analysis of Cocktail 8 certain factors were not
taken into account..
WRITING MODELS

Example 1
The line graph shows the percentage of New Zealand population from 1950 to 2050.

The given chart (1.) illustrates past changes and future predictions of the New Zealand
population over a 100-year period from 1950 to 2050.

Overall, people aged 65 and over (2.) accounted for the highest percentage of the New
Zealand population throughout the period, including the predicted future figures. In addition,
while the figures for the 25 to 37 year-olds and over-65 year-olds are predicted to (3.) decline
over the 100 year period, those aged 14 and under and 38 to 45 years-old are expected to
(4.) increase.

From 1950 to (5.) approximately 1990, the percentage of people aged 38-45 and those aged
65 and over both increased from around 25% to 50%, and 60% to 70% of the population
respectively. Both these age groups then started to decline and are predicted to continue
declining until 2050 to reach approximately 40% and 55% (6.) respectively.

The graph (7.) shows the opposite trend for the remaining age groups with 25- to 37-year-
olds making up around 20% of the population and people aged 14 and under making up
about 5%. By 2050, it is predicted that the population of those aged 14 and under will stand
at 20%, while those aged 25 to 37 will only be a (8.) very small percentage.

(203 words)

EXERCISE 8
Directions: Write the synonyms of the highlighted words.

1. show 2. made up 3. fall 4. rise

5. about 6. corresponalng 7. illustrates 8. tiny
Writing Example 2
The bar chart below shows the amount of money invested in each category from five
organizations.

EXERCISE 9
Directions: Complete each gap with the correct answer (A, B, C, D, or E)

The bar chart illustrates how five organizations invested money into four different aspects
of the company, including machinery, building, staff training, and research.

B
Overall, organization _____ invested the most money in all aspects of its business, while
organization _____
D invested the least.

Organization _____
B spent the biggest proportion of their investment on construction, at
approximately €1.7 billion, while organizations _____,A _____,
C B
_____, E
and _____ only
invested around €0.5 million each. The second biggest investment of organization _____B
was in research, at approximately €1.6 billion, which was double the investment of
A
organization _____ in the same aspect. Organization C invested approximately €0.7 billion
in research, while organizations _____
⑦ and _____
E both invested around €0.3 billion.

Staff training was the third biggest investment of organization _____, 3 at €1.5 billion,
however it was the biggest investment of organization _____ A at €1 billion. Meanwhile,
organizations _____,
P _____, and _____
F all invested approximately €0.4 billion. Machinery
was the smallest investment of organization _____,
1 at €1.3 billion, but the biggest investment
of organization _____,
[ at €0.7 billion. Organization A invested €0.8 billion in machinery,
while organizations _____
D and _____
E only invested half of that amount.

(199 words)
Example 3
The charts show the information on internet usage in five countries in Europe in 2000.

EXERCISE 10
Directions: Choose the correct answers.

The bar chart illustrates the percentage of people in five different European countries
_____(1.)_____ the internet in 2000, _____(2.)_____ the pie chart shows the average amount
of money spent shopping online.

Overall, Sweden and the UK were the two countries with _____(3.)_____ percentage of
internet users, and also the two countries with the highest average online shopping expenses.
_____(4.)_____, Spain had the fewest internet users and the lowest average spending on
internet shopping.

In 2000, 35% of the Swedish population used the internet, while 20% of Brits were also
internet users. Only 5% of people in Spain used the internet, which was half of the figure for
France (10%), and one-third of the figure for Germany (15%).

British internet users had the highest _____(5.)_____, at €87, _____(6.)____ by the Swedes,
at €76. The French and Germans had similar average internet budgets, at €57 and €46
_____(7.)_____, while the Spanish only spent a mere average of €10 on online shopping.

(163 words)
1. 1. use 2. uses
3. using 4. have been used

2. 1. while 2. however
3. consequently 4. on account of

3. 1. less 2. greater
3. the least 4. the greatest

4. 1. However 2. Undeniably
3. Furthermore 4. Accordingly

5. 1. average online shopping expenses 2. average shopping expenses online

3. average shopping online expenses 4. average expenses shopping online

6. 1. followed 2. following
3. were followed 4. have been following

7. 1. orderly 2. annually
3. respectively 4. consecutively

References
Kerridge, D. (…..). Present facts and figures. English: Longman.
Williams, A. (2019). Writing for ielts. Second edition. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers.
Writing review vol.5