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    14 views274 pages

    Elementary Chinese Volume I Author Defense Language Institute

    Uploaded by

    Jon P Co
    basic chinese

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 274
    Hit 2B ELEMENTARY CHINESE Chinese Characters RE Volume I April 1977 Revised December 1977 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER Preface This sequel to Chinese Characters I is based on the PRC text Elementary Chinese, and is designed to increase your reading vocabulary to 821 characters through the introduction of 521 new characters. Since Elementary chinese represents current usage in the People's Republic, Tt is to be expected that many words and their usages will not have been introduced elsewhere in this course; thus, you will need to learn not only the 521 new characters in this volume, but many new terms and their applications as well. At the same time, this inconvenience should be more than compensated for by the rewards of being able to read Chinese as it is used in the PRC today. Design of this book. Since Elementary Chinese was designed as a text of spoken Chinese, using it as a reading text presents some problems. First, many of the characters and words considered new vocabulary in the original EC are already familiar to you from CCI, Speak Chinese, and Chinese Dialogues. Thus it was necessary to restructure the lesson’ introductions, limiting vocabulary to unfamiliar words and characters. Second, the resulting learning load was very uneven--too few items in one lesson and too many in the next. So the next step was to regroup vocabulary and lessons with the goal in mind of keeping as near as possible to 15 characters per lesson while preserving BC lessons intact. In some of the later lessons of EC, vocabulary far exceeds optimum limits for a two-day lesson eycle, and it may be necessary to spend more time on these lessons. Meaning of symbols HGR to) Parentheses around characters following : the main entry indicate "long forms" or alternate forms of the character, (You are not required to learn these.) (Ay ® aiché Parentheses around a character or Characters in a subentry or usage example indicate that the character(s) rao R has not yet been introduced, and need zhao not be learned at this point. Parentheses around a syllable or shéng (xr) Syllables of Pinyin indicate that shi jia(zi) the enclosed is optional to the gaihdo(le) meaning of the term or phrase. ii BH céngyi* An asterisk folowing the Pinyin marks a word that has been introduced earlier in the course, or a phrase whose components are familiar. Large brackets surrounding an entire entry or entries indicate that the enclosed is provided for your interests such items are intended to enhance your understanding of character meanings and word building, but they need not be committed to memory. [Parse otensod jue A? without realizing =] before one knows it Usage Examples. In most cases, new terms or expressions are Foliswed By che or more sentences illustrating the usage of the item. Using a sheet of scratch paper, translate each example as you come to it. Then turn to the end of the vocabulary section and compare your translation with the version in the book. The models we have provided are merely suggested renderings, but your translation should come fairly close to ours. Always be as accurate and literal (that is, faithful to the sense, feeling, and structure of the original) as good English permits. rs BE BE TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Lesson 1 Grammar Notes 1A (EC 13) 1B (EC 14) 1c (EC 15) Lesson 2 Grammar Notes 2A (EC 16) 2B (EC 17) 2C (EC 18--Review) 2D (EC 19) 2E (EC 20) Lesson 3 Grammar Notes 3A (EC 21) 3B (EC 22) Lesson 4 Grammar Notes 4A (EC 23) 4B (EC 24~-Review) 4c (EC 25) 4D (EC 26) Lesson 5 Grammar Notes 5A (EC 27) Lesson 6 Grammar Notes 6A (EC 28) 6B (EC 29) 6C (EC 30--Review) Lesson 7 Grammar Notes 7A (EC 31) 7B (EC 32) Lesson 8 Grammar Notes 8A (EC 33) 8B (EC 34) iv He fh Lesson 9 Grammar Notes 9A (EC 35) 9B (EC 36) Lesson 10 Grammar 10A (EC Lesson 11 Grammar 11A (EC Lesson 12 Grammar 12A (EC 128 (EC Lesson 13 Grammar 13A (EC Lesson 14 Grammar 14A (EC 14B (EC ‘Lesson 15 Grammar 15A (BC Lesson 16 Grammar 16A (EC 16B (EC Appendix I Appendix II Appendix IIT Notes 37) Notes 38) Notes 39) 40) Notes 41) Notes 42) 43) Notes 44) Notes 45) 46) 96 100 101 104 108 112 113 117 122 123 127 130 132 136 139 144 146 149 154 155 158 163 167 169 174 182 184 189 192 210 229 EERSMETHERA Méo. Zniixt bul jian Jixingé Guéwigqing Chairman Nao meets Secretary of State Kissinger vi Lesson 1 New Words with Old Characters a. Kt bénzi New Characters and Words 1. SiC) sh x af 1foshi Ne Ne Ne notebook, exercise book RHA? teacher} (military) division teacher Evp Arta Ke? 2. tte ta 3. nin 4, ma 5. né Ne Ne Pz cv: she you (polite form) (question particle) and, with (like FR E fowe- tk Kee! 6. FA) gang 4A & gangbi* 7 qian GRE qianbi* 8. nan yh q hanzi Zz fa BF: steel pen lead pencil China, Chinese (from the Han Dynasty--206 B.C. to 220 A.D.) Ni Chinese character(s) AIAG £048 ER 12 FG rrvht 1 % xf BF: review, practice, study (again) % xuéxt V/N: study ¥ FA sr F oovtse , BPARFR, 10. , ub BF: history ll. shiv BF: history Tay vist Ni history YORLAFOAL 12. ke Ni class period (M: jié ¥ 4 course (Mi mén 74 M: lesson £ a shangké* VO: go to class, hold class te xidke* VO: get out of class, dismiss class - 4k aie lesson one, the first lesson Les kéwén Ni text (of a lesson) Pate KES RHR? LIVIA, 13. fa cf(r) £ 74 shéngct Ne Ne ab - POO tinh CBS 14, & ying BF: R a yingguo* Ne FL vnwene Ni word, term, expression (vs. , single character) new word(s), vocabulary (of a lesson) sublime, noble, eminent; used in transliterating 2 England English (language) Translations of the Usage Examples fe oe 8. %. a. 12. 13. Which student didn't have a notebook? Why is the teacher crying? Why don't you go with her! Is it okay to use pens and pencils to write Chinese? When you study Chinese characters, the teacher is very important. China has a 5000-year history. Why doesn't lesson 53 have any text? This course isn't too tough. I've already forgotten the vocab from that lesson. Be Yura Gram 1) Ina sentence of the pattern “A ff BY, ©” is pronounced in the neutral tone “shi”. If pronounced in the 4th tone, €” implies emphasis: “A i B”. 2) The interrogative particle “1% is put at the end of a declarative sentence to make it a question. e.g. RRB SI 3) The Chinese personal pronoun in 3rd person shows no difference in gender, but the waitten form has differentiated into fi, #& and , all pronounced “ti”. 1) 4% and i both are adverbs. 45 in a sentence shows that the word or ohrase before comprises the entire of what it stands for. ‘When 45 and 4h, are used together, th precedes 4. ¢8. AMAA, URE LAE, AVR EA, RADAR A, 2) The suffix {11is put after a singular personal pronoun or a noun denoting person to show plural number. Other nouns cannot take {[], so we can’t say $80, #11, ete. If the context is quite obvious that the noun is in plural number, 1 is not used, e.g, AsATREI. and we do not say 641% 2H0 (1. Lesson 1A (EC 13) —. 64) Fania Models 5 RRR, 2 Fa, 6. MR RRAF, BA Hi, 7 RRAFT, FR 4H, oS k $2 Be kM Se 2 4 Be 2 AF =. WK Kewén Text R F2 Be R FA, XR FF Be A: & 2 £m a B: RRR, 2 Ba, ‘ eee ee 7 B Re AL MR 4 Be B: RR, MRAF, Lesson 1B (EC 14) =. 8 Fanji Models o “ga ae BA, 2. ‘et a REI Be 3 ei RR BM, BOR BA, eo 4 RR GRUR H, “* 2 $4, 8 we Fa, ail a RR FA, 6. en & 2 4, AM w& am R FA, R 2 Fe, te 2 FE, ww 2 $42, RN mw R FA, KAN a RR BS wi 2 FA, Mil wx Fa, 4h fe Wi aR OR FAL RM OR R 4, 2 BM, © 4, B® wk He as AF, & B&R AF, de Rk WME, B&R WE 2 BE, KR BR BE, RR th, BOR AAR RRR, KR wR KR Lesson 1¢ (BC 15) =. 4 Fanji Models o EM KR PR, ee a gn 5 RF. QQ “gu hb, AS AOR, 5 we ML, RA IAL, “eR ARR ERA mR, RM a RR, =, BX Kewén Text RMN RFA, RAT A FQ PR, 2 RN PL, &w HK AM KR, HA] BE HR, AN WB HR, tel Fo fei an FE HR, Hei) & RK, thi B RF WAM & Ri, BS 4M, A & RL, & 28, & 5 RF, A) aR OA BE, A ME me, RABE Nl HAT, BA ee BU a AF, ea OK AT a RAT, BRAM, 10 Lesson 2 w Characters and Words 1, AH) 14an BE YR A rianxi V: practice, drill, train Rai AEZ, : explain speak, talk practice, drill, train 2. UEGH) jing See ee : ike 2¥% <4 ais jidnghua VO: speak, talk (like it > 3. fa issue, emit, send, shoot 4. yin Ni sound, musical note R x fayin* pronounce pronunciation 5.8 nit BP: exert 6. wi power, force, energy Hea ni do one's best, work hard diligent, industrious with great effort, industrious1: HOG ARAYR. 7. th Ni topic, problem (ah ae f(8) tf{mu* problem, question topic, theme, title 8. ak answer, reply, respond s @ & nufag* + answer zni BF: concentrate, fix (one's eyes or mind) upon yz % zhayi* : pay attention = pay attention to MAES BREE. 1 lo. B 1fng Nu: zero BF: fragment, fraction, part p iingqidn* Ni small change K 1h 009 ‘ Eh inesut* SV? sundry, miscellaneous w28- 4B, 2 - 2482, ll. ) 2& BF: random, miscellaneous 12. #8) znd BF: remember, record} written record R _ zhznix Ni magazine, periodical vas 13. zhi Mz long thin object - HS yizhi bi* a pen 14, HE b&o SV? thin 15. hdu SV: thick 16. A. fa BF: return, repeat, review, revive, ry restore, renew} multipie, complex GR fade SV: complicated, complex GA fixf Vi review inh Za * ak, 17. a BF: beforehand, pre- th q vant V: prepare Ak Limam, -LERARAR, 12 @ 1s. i BF: language yi His ri Ni English, the English language RIF ranytt Ni Chinese, the Chinese language yhK yite Ni grammar ® GANDA BK A KiSiGshAp 4 BR. Translations of the Usage Examples 1, I haven't practiced the text yet. 6. She's working hard to learn Chinese. 9, You need to pay more attention to pronunciation. 10. 43015. 3002. 16, First let's review the first five lessons. 17, Be sure to prepare lesson 6 before coming to class tomorrow. 18, I don't think Chinese grammar is as complex as English. 13 wk Yura Grammar 1) Some verbs may take 2 objects with the indirect object preceding the direct object. eg. RBBMEL, 2) Besides nouns and pronouns, adjectives, verbs, ete. can also be used as objects. eg. FUE ADF, LID BH, BMAP XK, 3) “”R" used in front of 2 verb shows pure negation oF will, fand has nothing to do with tense. eg, REBEL, HEERK, (He does not read the text.” or “He would not read the text.) 4) 75" is usually pronounced in the 4th tone, but when it is followed by another 4th tone, it’s changed into the 2nd tone: KA, RA, KR 1) Numeration The decimal system is used for numeration in Chinese TACKS 2) “J” and “7b” are interrogatives for numbers. If one asks about a number from 1 to 10, he uses “JL. “ >" can be used for any number. 8. RAN? RRS, MRF TY RR, RRIF, 14 3) Change of Tones of "2 (D , When standing by itself, or atthe units or tens of numbers, ““—"is pronounced in the Ist tone: “BB 8—" (Na shy), “= e}—-+—" (Grbai yi shi yD. @) When “—" precedes a 4th tone or a neutral tone changed from a 4th tone, itis pronounced in the 2nd tone: “—ig" (yk one lesson), “—-/h" (sig one). “—" is pronounced in the 4th tone when followed by the other tones: “—#" (yibail) “>” (igi) “4” (yibén), @ As an ordinal number, “—" is always pronounced in the first tone: “— J” (yiyue January). 1) In modern Chinese @ numeral cannot be put immediately ‘before a noun and there must be a measure word in between. Many ‘nouns have their respective measure words and the measure word ‘“/s"* is most extensively used. eg. KG, ARE, ORR, FEDER 2) When an adjective is used as the predicate, an adverb of egree is usually put before it and ‘7" is the most frequently used. But here “{Q" is very much weakened and has almost lost its function as an adverb of degree. In an alternative question one does not use “RR. eg. MADRE, PABRH, MADBB? AABR RR? RE OM RAR RAR if2”) ‘When an adjective alone is used as the predicate it parison. eg. AHHH SAH, SS Note: When an adjective is used as the predicate, no * used. 1) Im Chinese, an attributive always prevedes what it qualifies ‘When a personal pronoun or a noun is used in the genitive, it generally takes the structural particle “fy”. e.g. ENF HH AR, Hg 15 © 2) Am alternative question is formed by joining together the af- {irmative and the negative forms ofthe main element ofthe predicate. c.g. MERE? KA BH RI the verb takes an object, there are two possible ways to make an alternative question: MARLEY. = BRATZ MERA PLP MEP LBB? MANA RAK? RMARLGLAT 16 Lesson 2A (EC 16) —. $84) Finjo Models oO ‘27 ke FR, Fe FB BR, 3. eK AM AR, 3) 4 RE AW, R SRE, 5. eR KR MTEL, KR Hei RH, 6. FL MARL MRA FR, 17 =, RX Kewén Text 1 BN Re PK, 2 2 RA AAT #06 2 aM 2 AN #F “gun ENF AA 2 ail Bi ae RAN PK. B® RL MER, FA PR. hu PR, AM BEF A MM, al BS, $A %, & A th. oe AW, & H RX, & Ri ff 2A, x RN KG. KA RG, Km AM RF. 5 RF. mh #1 FA, ae FA, a GA FA, 18 Lesson 2B (EC 17) —, Pa; 4y Cini he fanja Word Groups and Models oO KR AR Le x +, 3. RB R +e 4. MB R +a, 5. RB R Fy 6 27 =+-. 19 =. WX Kiva tat “& BR te 7. a. AB R MG? mL “By “MR 2B pe Xx =8 w(t), =F wAtA “RR FI? x 4, +-. RX ata, RAG K+), -t € 2, 20 Lesson 2C (EC 18) (Review) =. 9% Jizi Sentences () en) x [PX RX RR Re RF RF CPD] He & % : er re toa] te RL BRK Fa & se = 5 | a | eee Re af ZF : Fa Ed & RE RF HLS © & CN) 4 CN) Fe 3 ‘ 2D | pe ¥ x R a cs AF me BE 21 RUD 4 AD) fe AID #8 (4) (Bi) a An = Coe | L ¥ 40471 “A R263? [GORb. [GOAH. Meee PLB (ADE PL) MOLE PT SOBA | EIB) HAR | CEI) HH PLB? HTP Le HP x. cas, (GAB. [GoRAt. | 22 w 3&2 ILE 123456789 ATI 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ALT? 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 21 22 23 34 35 36 47 48 59 ALT G2 73 84 95 99 100 200 300 400 500 ALA? | G00 700 800 900 1 2 5 12 2 38 41 AFI? | 52 73 84 96 100 =. BK Kewén Text AMAFS RMF A, | MAHL, EPL RATAN EP Ko RATAN FAD, RINE RT, USA, EM, FA MESH, ZI RAR, HITS RAVER RAN DF, AH, WH AD SLEPT, WBF EK FKL REPL, LEP Te Fhe LANE Fj Lo RAE PL AKRELo 23 Lesson 2D (EC 19) —. FRG) Cin he fanjt Word ak RA . HE ES RK aH AR AS Groaps and Models oO HRA F KFA AF RETA BE—RR BE RK 2H OR KH +R eo OR ih, BE Bh KF fh oR, (=) bOR t, BER B, AF RR, 24 cy Bk 2 LA He “HB OR KVR) KP 5. de A SLA AE 6. th A F(R) HAR? @ 1 &K 4 OH Be 8 RH BE HH HP 3 BS AF K Bl =. 8x Kenta Txt oO Lk 2 Kk 4, BR jw s 2% R Kk Hh, B® R +k 2 OR kh BE fe oF, wah, 5h OH Kk fe 2h RF, 25 © 6 & A KK Hi. aK G RH, RA HR HF, 8k 2 RS, BM & R HE, RK HA H, BK RE wK Bh HH, RK BR F te nk 2 +R KR, RB Bw R +k A, 2k +R RM HR 8, MB FH KR © fk a, BK 2h AF KR, ® BH AF 26 MEAT 1 ay a es aX KR % 45 a Lesson 2E (BC 20) —. RA07E4] Ciztt RE anja Word Groups and Models ©) BR RRR be (EA HR RD “i 2 RR th Be GER tH HOR AD wR RR BR PR Hr GRR PR HG RK RD 6k RR RH te GAH HOR AD Se 1K OM OR Be BRR PR BOB RK Mr wt PK BS RK $2 OR RL KR Kr 27 2. ARR RK ME HT =, BX Kewén Text o RAK HH BAH GH RF, RH wR FRM BRR FAN H RK HS, PR HB y, RA PL HR, MA PR HA. RRR AG HAF, BA FA AF, RN A AAT. KN HH AF Ah MRF, AUN ER AM He HAS Qo RM ER MED RK RK, KR RA K, PR RL MM RL EF, KRL wR H, AFR GIO R, & MI HR, RBI HR AW RT f BR, 28 Lesson 3 New Words with Old Characters ag VE gdngzud V/Ni work ROA A He LAK? New Characters and Words 1. OF xi BF: split (wood, etc.); analyze 1 f8nxi V: analyze A Ft Ni analysis NBER 4h Ap > A 69 VB OK. 2. jié BF: (bamboo) joint, juncture, festivali section, Segment, spanj regulated, rhythmic; to regulate or restrict Mz class period de BARS FIR, 3. Hf ft BF: help, support, aid ah # fiiddo Vi coach £ Bop a $e BAN, BF: lead, guide 5. AGH zni BF: only (B®) zn Mi one of a pair g zhihao* A: the best thing to do is..., Adt all one can do is... a ee ee RA vient sndw one hand 29 6. nin BF: peoples citizen A RK vénmin Ni people ue Regen huab’o China Pictorial 7. BE ban N/M: shift; class; squad (of soldiers) shangbén* VO: go to work, go on duty, be at work £ yt or on duty F oh xitpme« Vo! get off work, get off duty ix - Hh zhéyiban* this class (shift, squad) number (#), day of the month 8. BCH) nado + 2% shisanndo* #13, the thirteenth of the month 24 9. shi BF: room, office KE jidoshi N: classroom RHUL THB 44S FH, 10. [Al jidn M: room : juncture, interstice; middle or midst of; among, between four classrooms wit noon &£ 4+ shangwi* Ni morning, forenoon F F xidwi* ‘i afternoon y & zhdngwi* Ni noon $4 wiifan® lunch, noon meal 12. By zhi 48 9A bangzhu* assist, help help, assist & help, assistance 30 © BF: altogether, share At altogether, in all, all told Translations of the Usage ples a. Where does she work? . The teacher analyzed the grammar of that sentence for us, 2. There are three hours (periods) of class a day. 4, Professor Wang often coaches us. 9. There aren't enough desks here in our classroom. EMYKEE 31 iB Yuta Grammar. 1) In modern Chinese,*5” cannot bs used immediately before ‘@ noun and a measure word must be put in between, Some nouns are also measure words and s0 do not take a measure word, e, 2, “SER”, “AUR? (every lesson, ep. “Ag 451k? every class), There are a few nouns which may take a measure word or not ek. “HA, “FETA 2) Sentences with “#5” very often have ©4f or a word or phrase denoting number to go with it (both may occur at the same time), ©,2, RINER AD A 2 HR, EVAR SAPP, RMA AMB KK, EP EARAP TA When “sp? is used, it emphasizes that. there is no exception to the case, 1) Both*="and*Rj*mean two, but they are not interchange- able: (1) ¥=%is used as the ordinal number. e, g. = fl(February), : (2) As the last digit of a number: larger than ten, *=? is used, ©. 8 $=,= BRS (3) Before “+7 and “Ef”, $=" is used. e.g. = but before “-F, both #=” and £75” can be used: =F, BF. (4) Before a measure word, $7? is used. e.g. BAB, GBI (Ovo months, op. — fi). But if the number before the measure word is larger than ten, the last digit must still be ¢=" and not $5", }-—heial, the 2) When *9—, 9 come before a noun, there must also be a measure word, e. g. “9 —/P(H BI" and not *—(A1 BH, Dut ifthe noun is also a measure word, no measure word is used! SHIR” (lesson 2), $36 =”. 32 Lesson 3A (EC 21) =, 9 Finja Models Lop BA om HAF Be a+ FL ® A LA H LD KFT aA A At. 3 He RR ERA a? Rl AR 4 HAL KD Re RR? RH, HR RD HR Mm, Ae] AR PK AT, RN FD PL AR. 33 a 3? A RF =, WX Kéwéa = Tert MN A OE HA? a Re F PR, UR RA A Fu Be? DR, eB I BR RR, AN # Px. teil BR A HR Be aT, BR a OH, ER OH LH Re i HR A 2H, RL MR hey A, ER RK MR BB, EM Da OF Be Ha aT. EU RE RR eA Be RR RIN, RM a Re PK He BRM BS A mA PR HR, 34 sth WR i HR ARK Ho A, KR R A PR BR, eI A RK He wi aR A EK HR Be ADT, WA BD A MR RK Hh, WI R & BR OB, F we PR Re tk A PX BR RH A? BR ORR & KAR Gt, wh A RR AR Birr RR We R & th -Kk CAR Gi, HOR <3, HH dey 35 Lesson 3B (EC 22) BA BA AR pelea Ce By my aR ae —. a 6 co wae AF at BN RL = x BA Cink Word Groups Kewén Text oO %® RE. RM =). RN ae RM ORE F ( 36 ail $R a A RO LF OW AG RR, TH & HF AG BR, SR LP R-P FA MH RK, Rat 2 Ho A Fr BH RRM 4 eH HA, SR BE AM BE ZA RA, 2 FH R He RM, RitRKR KR HB FH AP WA, FR BE MO BM, oS ® A BK PR BR, KR FA +kK PR Gh, RN -#H A +ak PR BR, e-k Ho ++ 2H, FAR OT +a 424, AR aa a ata 2, 37 © Lesson 4 New Words with Old character: a rg E zneii (zhe1i) here (like i UL ) Ope n&li (nit) Ni there (like Qf sL > c “ff @ ndii (nd1i) Ni where (like vp yey a. R jia BF: (suffix for professionals and specialists) wy & nuajid Ni painter, artist AE R gud jia Ni writer LER shixué jid Ni historian jEKER yiifdxuéjia Ni grammarian New Characters and Words 1.40 héng SV: red 2. WEGE) én SV: blue 3.3 hufng SV: yellow, brown 4, RRC) 1d SV? green 5. Fl tong the same in the same (class, group, etc) 1a ge téngxué* VO: be a schoolmate of Ni schoolmate téngban* be in the same class tal v2 classmate (a = téngshi* VO: be a colleague of : colleague, fellow worker MA: [laf tongsns« © at the same time CATR OTIA, 6. ACH) te Ne BFE tisniguine Ne POA ars Ne 7. st BF 8. BCR) she BE ES sish’* Ne o. He gia BF: M - AE (fn) £538 f8iji Ag jidzi* NE PAZ snajiacire Ne 10. FRG) chudng Ne ABD FF chudngdan(zi)* Ne - ah yizhadng chudng* 11. fat yi BF: yizi* Ne hiewyt witb’ yizi 12. && gong BF: ARH (sh) H eSrgedne atche* Nz As GE dangsng* vo: Ihe & bangéngshi. NE RAM aEE- Be diagram, chart, illustration library 2 map : spend the night, stay (somewhere) : dwelling, hostel dormitory framework, structure, shelf, rack ? (aircraft, machine, radio, etc.) one aircraft rack, shelf bookshelf bed (Mi 4> or BR) bed sheet one bed chair chair (Mi /> or $6) five chairs public} office, official duties bus conduct official business office 4. 13. CH, zhuan HD [ $B wwinjia concentrate, focus, specializes exclusive, Specialized} specialty specialist, expert ] RE- THLER, 14. Mb 3B) y BF: % we zhuany® N calling, trade, occupation, profession major field, specialty, profession KievwZAyr. 15.46 nud BF: change, transform; transformations civilization, culture DAG wénnua + culture AG® nudxud N: chemistry Att? chemical Ae Ae nvdsud ji Ne chenist | WEKEE OF, 16.8 xing BE: star, heavenly body [EZ & xinexing stars) | 17. at BF: period, time limit or duration BxA ingot N: 18. BR hud BF: hudshi* MA: 40 period (of time) week or or 19. zhé BF: (as a V he who, ZH xuézhé Ni one who LAE H eSnazudené Ni one who KA hudzhe MAz or Translations of the Usage Examples 5. 12. 43. 14, 15. These two things aren't the same. My teacher's office is #103, © or VO suffix) they who, one who} (suffix particle) studies, scholar works, worker She's an expert on history (or a history specialist). My specialty (or major) is history. She studied chemistry in college. 41 eRe ing Bk iti Grammar 1) A noun, personal pronoun or adjective plus *y? forms a nominal construction.e.g. KG RAI, CEE A = 2 5) RHERR, (RH- RHE) RARELHH, H-MRS) 2) «$ or */>” as an attributive must take "74° before it, eB. BB” not’ SAPO LIB" BDA” DOH APO DIA” ‘The word order of a question with an interrogative pronoun is the same as that of a declarative sentence.e,8, Be is Ay _ # fy RAFRARE MATA RMEM OO = RAFRABG? REA LATR? FRIAR ER a ‘The order of a date is as follows: AREF AA FHA (LMS) 42 Lesson 4A (EC 23) =, 8%) Finja Models - a Lkk HR A OH RK HR RAR 2S AF Re Hh OMA HE KR FA oH, 3 RH ME AR Hk HO WKH BE KR we HH, 42K BR ZR FA 4H, 2 SMA RE 2 2M HD RK HR RAR th Hr 6 6 RR Xx i 6, (RA OR te WH OR RD Ce BRK Bh 2 RR FL Or a we (Zk BR LR FL HH OK 2A) 4k BE ZK Rw HH? kh BE 2 & H FH RD) 43 =. RK Kewén Text Loe | & 2 AM H BE AM Be HR AR RL BR RF fe At HF, BH BD HR, 2B 6 BR 2 R HH, BW %H (C4HR) XR Rk AF H. RN HR F HL KF f BR, RP AF RM H, BE AFR RH &h H AF ZAK 4H, Ry F AF RXR PH MAR 4, zt GR 2 KT BE A Hh Pi Gh * R ADH 4. © fe -#% A +h BE. 2 (HE) RR He 3 A HE) AR BH, 4H CE) RR HH Swe (45%) Re HH, 44 Lesson 4B (EC 24) (Review) —, WA Cizii = Word Groups oO —14l mk = [aI eo [ae [| ai ik x a a | & aR RID HRCI) eA) 2D eM Fe Px HR Ratt RF be a K Be oF 45 46 te 2 ke | HR | Pz 8 Qe 1 © a a x54? ThE RRR | RR RFAF, RRR? eA HH ar » RRBRER RAGA | RATA tee? AH, | RH, Lk A528 He 4 RA? ee PB? Hie ER EP 3] x? REPL) REP lim ak Ar | A +B? Ate 5m a2 RAB bk & 5 ag | RAP ca a , =, Wk Kiwi Text ae AMBEAFASFA, MEDPR, H AP REMAN, MNGAAO AR, FL FFARR, MINEARRL, HRA RL, MMNFRARL, RRL, PUNO RE RRA, AFLRRF. H DRAFT, RFPMHFMRAHH, ro) A ARATE RK FARA RG? RMNLFAR, FH. REAR, 2 REAM DRL AP LA. AIP AHERN? KR, MERMATLA, BF TH H As ARAN OY RK AE AR ARE B RR, RLAMRED. Sree 47 4. 5. G 1 8 Lesson 4C (EC 25) =. $4) Finj Models oO we R MB AP te MAK RE a me % te 459 te R ih? eK te PR Ke BF Rm MR BE PK? z& 2 # th BA? zA BR AR HK 47 ©) te # tar te A Ha BFF kK R HA Gtr co) @ te MIL? 1s. teil a) RR RAH RE A ABLE 6 kK RE BAR? ML XR Be? 7. BR AE BAH 48 =. 8% Kann Tat oO tk RX MBE) AP aH & Ko tM A tA BF? (® > stk BA FD tae * (CR RA) FA PR, te fe tA Bate R & ___, stk We FF tA edb? (RUB) # GR, th RA # tA ear RRA F RE, Ht ON BARE & #& ——_. 49 = e& RES 2 BR Hr RE $ 2 AM H, RR HA 4 sk R Bk BA Bk 6 BAH? : KR a OR OF, aR ARI GI? ROA Gk RT HR). ke 2H RA A ML? : OLA KR EM) A wt BAB, Hk 2 Hh DRE AK B H&L CK EM 0 DAE) RK A BW, & APL, 50 Lesson 4D (EC 26) =. FALE] Cin he nj Word Groups and Models /

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