$

%

K





 #   
  ?
 
?
 1 ''  ' 

. <  '     
#   '  
  
  4
2KLLM39 1 .  .> 
?
N?
    #
O2IPP,391!
?
' 
!&&'&()*+&' & ' O '
O !  ?
O # 
?
N?
 



,
)     Q 
! 1   .  +  
!2KLLM391R
!R QN!   #
 !9    2IPP,39 1 !  R 
!. 
 ()*-(& . O . O
R  !O !#! 
!N


./!01

$    #   #
##. <&S'
'
1# T2)U

9KLVW&VW3B'
 S#   ;   1 

1
Professora Doutora do Departamento de Línguas e Letras da Universidade
Federal do Espírito Santo.
#
    PXOKHU SHGUD DOPD IDGD
ORELVRPHP D -XVWLoD 2.3T 2)U

9 KLVW& VW3 
B '  
 1 1  S#
19 9  <    T
2)U

9 KLVW& VL3  9 9 ' S!  ' 
1     #9   19  <9 
99
  1  T 2B)
 +4
9 KLLW& MM3 

  ' 9   2KLLW& MM3
''9#"&

 1 S# VHUHV 1 ; ; 9 
1 1
 X   
9    T 9 
 
  1 1 S#   TXDOLGDGHV9
Do}HV  HVWDGRV Y    #
1';91 
.T2B)
+4
9KLLW&MM3 
4 2KLLM39  #  B A 
Z
9#1
ST 
#'; 
!9.

 
    '  
  !  .  1  
   9 !   .   '
 2 (&9 3'    &   
4&4 9 (56  
* + *2     9  . ! ' 
O99
!9.4 
#G9  N !  1
 
#    .?"     !
.8  )   . "#?
  X      
 
!1!
  
  ## 
   
#?
9  1  ! .#89  
  9   <   . 1 
    2?
  ?
3
X# 
Z '       
9 4 2KLLM3 <  # !& 
99.9
. 

 /,000

$!19DSULRUL9
    .?  #?
 
'    1    4 2KLLM39 
1  !  ! 8#9  !    
.;  B #.   
   
&

!1
!#.& 1
  1 ! '9  1 
    
 1  ' &  ' 
   ! 
9 ?  1   ! 9 ! ? 1 
X1!XOB
 #. '   
 1 !  '
  O  #    !
 24
7+Z9KLLM&[K3 

) . 
 ' ' 
'(7    &  2 '9  
9   39
  &8497  2 9  9   3O
  :&  2.   '39  
'#& 2'3 
4 2KLLM3 < ; !9  & 
9   .     .
9'#
 

/./!



 *#    1      !
    4 2KLLM3 '"  
 # & VRXOHYHU XQ SRLGV  FDOFXOHU OH SRLGV
GHDYRLUXQSRLGVVXUODFRQVFLHQFHHUJXHUXPSHVRFDOFXODU
R SHVR GH  7HU XP SHVR QD FRQVFLrQFLD *8  
#    &  5 (   #
X Z95 ( !&
9 1 "    
 'O  9 1  5 (    8  
 8#  1  ' 5 (    #
. 
 :   ';9  
     Z 1
  9  ? !   &
?
#.#6'9

?89' <9 
 4"" .    4 
 
 '&'1


 1 
   9   
 


/ /!00;

 4 2KLLM3      
 .  (X VRQKHL HVWD QRLWH FRP XPD
PXOKHU H[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWH EHOD TXH HX MDPDLV KDYLD YLVWR

?
   !  &  1 
#    !      
 
 1
 
 ! 8  $ 1  
# 9  89  9    Z 


#X.' 
!"';" < 
 B    '   .& !
  X 1 . '     
  .;   .   1 1  
 4 2KLLM39    
  1 
'1.111'
'9
 . 
  .    . 
*.9.
        B  . 

 #         
#  '     1 ' 
1
  49   9    
     # .'  
 < 


/</
;
000

 :        . 
   4 2KLLM39    .  
 B9
.9. 
 4 2KLLM3 9  9  
11 9 ' 1 
   
   (& !      0
6&2 (& !* (&9  &4&4 

4&4 !! :.!.
 2       639 1  .
 2    D LQGLYLVLELOLGDGH GRV Q~PHURV SULPRV9 

     3  4   *&3 =
 5 5 4&4 9  >8&4&4 &  ' 

RX  RX  #  
 1 ! .
 
B '9     
.9 
      &
  #    .9
      $     
X 8&  5&&'& !   
#.9    #.9   
69. 
 :
&4 & !  X 9  ! !
O (&4& = 2
 2&
(6& 
 9  # 4 2KLLM39 
  
     .   Y
11'! 
$        .
 
# #
  '&  .9 
.9     B  .  #8 
 !&  6     9 
 

   
 
   X  & 
1 !     .'9 9  1 
.  ?9 9     
' 9   
     
#1.9 <
 
     . <
'  Z '9     ." 2
 #G3   8  4! ! 
    9 #9 

# &  !9   ';     
 X
  N    
 N
?
'! 4!
?1
!1
8 
   1   
 
 1
!
'
91 
!   '    4
2KLLM39'9!# 
'#2!!O!
#
3 
     1 .?  1 
'!1! 
4 2KLLM39 '"    * *84&9
 2-4*    :?( :  *
  '  
4 1     !  
'9 
       
.8.O 1  !9 "     B  +&4 
!1&
<  ?
     :  ! 
  ) 9      4
 < !  
 .   
1??91
 .
 < 

! 9 !     S  
T S  T :+ & ! #
     1  4& 2' 
6 ?   
3O 2@( !   
1  &  2'     <  3& 
X;
1!

 
 !  #  =#  
X'9   ''9 1 19   
'#9 "   9    X'9
1  #9 1 '   '
   
 ' 
 4 2KLLM& [,39 !  " C
';&    
 
    1
.  49  9 '? 8   
! <99#
#  
# 
 1   '  
.;9 499
  # #G9  '? 1 S
#G9
S8#T 

</,



</./!000
,

  
4 2KLLM& [[3  '   1< 1
''  .
      
'  ! #G9  & '
9
# ' 

</././4 '&97 

*
 &
(& (  ' ' 
X' 2( A&3   ' 22 4&97 3  B   "
#?  
 
   1    
"; 2  #&  X'  
' ? #   '9  '! ? #
  X'9  '   3  B '
'   X    . 1 
# 
42KLLM&[[39


'  &
37''X'
#.
S   1 ! \ X' 2  & 48 A&
S   1 ! T3 
9  28*5&4&4  
 ! 
S   1 ! T9  S  9 
X1T 4
1S 1!T9824&4 #S'9
]^ # 1 #  X   #T 27A3 , B
  1 ' .  ' 9 1 
  '&  ' 1 
 ' 2
'3
##S.\'T
S 
  \ 'T 2&5 '&97  S .  'T9
&>8 *2   S
  1T 3 &  * (897  ! S
1 ! TO  & B&2   S #   XO
  & 2!S1
#TO+ &9&S11O

2
Em português, municipalidade pode ser Câmara municipal; vereação (2); o
edifício onde funciona a Câmara municipal; município (2); A prefeitura.
(HOLLANDA, 1986: 1171)
3
Exemplos traduzidos do francês, discutidos por Martin (1996: 44).
3 +'9  ' 
 ' 
. ' 

</./ / &   2&*4&4 

" #   !  '

  #   #  B
#   O  # 
   4 2KLLM9  _+=9 KLWK3
# 1  ' ! #  9 
 '9  ?  1  ?    9 
9"! +
     ' 1 #   
  11[9   
  11   11 2'
113 
 &4&4 !1!#O
 ( A&  !   1 1   O * &97  ! 

  11   11  11  B '
#   
  #   
.  *' S'T9   9
. 9  
 C  

 2 ( A& ! .  1  #!39
  #  2
  ' '  ?&
 !  '  11 3 
 
 S"T  S"T  
#9  ' #  #"
   '  2  #9 ! 
#11`#!O! . 
 #  3  . 1    
#  T&  ? !   2  Y
S#  T39   # 

211!3 
 S#  T 2 S1 T9 S 
T9S.S9S
T 3!#
 

'# .

 '9  
   )."   
 8+ = &2 )5?5 = *&3 = >8&4&4 =
>8&4&4     B !   #9
9 
      

4
qqc (qualquer coisa) / qqn (alguém).
4 8&= *@*&=  &9   '  C(2 
2*(&(2 = 2&D(2   1    
  1 1    1 1  39     ;
2>862*&9 2 &=: ( :& 3 +'""
'
1# <
2*&+ =2&*+&=5&((  =(&  3 

</./</ 3' 

4 2KLLM& [a3   
  !&  '9   
.9  '? '  : &  #  '
S#T9   ' 
  '  " 
' &( 
4&4 (O  "9   9 
' 2 
4&4  4  D5 ((7 9  
4&4  4 
5 (&2  3
; 
 49>!!&

3  '  '+  2@( '+ (9 
 ; S
 'T9 ; '3   . 
.
O
3 ' '  5  (( 9 4 *(7 9
 : D7 9 >8&4&4 = 5 5 4&4 = *&&* 6(*&9
#  ' 
 '   
.; 
9 S'T
 ST
  ST 
  ''    S
'T 
 4 2KLLM39  . .8 &
'? .     !   ! 
1'&8! 

</ /  2
&?& 4 ( *- (E & 5 5 (& 4  &
.FFG &4  *+& HH<

4 2KLLM& [M3 <  8  #
!&  O  #9   ' 

199
! 
    1 ' ' 
';
 42KLLM3#
&
 3'5&&  &2 9*6*8 5(2&1
#   9 1 ';  . <
91
 < 
99
      4   < 

. '" 

 '*&((:*&97 9?*&9
& &2& 
3 +' 5&&= &2& 8 + 2 2 2  
S T39  #  
'9 
 '   '   
'      
N1 & 4  1   .?;"9
 9#99' 
     4      
  9 X 
 !  
2   '  
9 
 
3 7!'5&&=
&2& 8 + 2 29  .   
 '9

13'  =&  828+  

 8  1 ! . 
42KLLM3?1'  Z
!23
' 
 # "    1  8 ! !
#'99;9.1
1
 
 & &  5 ( 3'   3'  &   2 
 3* 
K \ \ \ \ 49
#
'9

I \ \ " \
9
' 
, \ \ \ " )9
9
9

[ " \ \ \ )9

#9

 
a \ " \ \ 9
9

M \ " \ " )9
. 
V \ " " \ ? 
W \ \ " "
?9
#
9 9
.#9
 
L " " \ \
9
#
2
3 

9
;9
9 
K " \ \ "  9
P 9

9


K \ " " " .
K 9
.
 
K " \ " " B
I 9

9
 9



K " " " \ U
, 9


K " " \ " #
[ 9

9
.

9

9
1
 
K " " " " 
a 9
?9
#
 

 42KLLM39'91 !' '
C  
. 1  
 
   !
 ' 
2IPP,39'?9<1
1
'?
 



!0
&I*J
/  ' 
 4& :&(   & " ' 1 
1    '  1  
? ! #  B ' PRVWUDU9 
9    
9 #. S.? '9
 C '9 T9   X DJHQWH 
#   FRQFUHWR 2).   0RVWUHLOKH D
HGLomRHPHVSDQKRO3 *9'
' 
$/  2 4:*&4  &4B '& ) '# 1
X'  1  < X' ' 
?
Z BX'PHWiOLFR99
!  .    
"9
#.ST999
  Z ST9 " 9   
S
O1T 
/  (85   2& & Y  =# 2KLLM3 1

5
Para ver este trabalho na íntegra, consulte: Rocha (2003) - referência completa
no final deste artigo.
         9
1    ]\'^9 "  
 ?    !   
#;9      
'* (897  5&&97 
0/ !&3:&(  &* 3'  4  5  K*  >8 L M 
&(  "
0.1  b 2KLLM3  1  
'     ?
 '
.?    #  '  1 !
'      .  '  
K NL M 
&(  2.  SURGXomR S1 1 
?TO FRQVWUXomR S1 1  8TO HGLILFDomR
S1 1  .TO REVHUYDomR S1 1 
'T3 
/ !&*8&4&4 ( (3*&( 4 ( 4 ' 
&(
* * A&4 ( Y  Z    1 
 1 
   &/ 
9  .
&5 ( 9?"&
&/(M*M
! 5M5&&M
YHUVXV
/(
M & M   O * 2 M
 M
 2& S
 <     8 
 
'T Y A* " K,NPLNP,3    9
1   DFRPRGDomR     9
1    ]\^9   ' 
20:9IPPI9 IK3&S

.#T 2=3 
 5 (97  ) B   DSRVLomR    1
            .   *Z 
   # *Z9      Z 
 9     < 1 
    .   & S2 3
'   c'9 Ia9 1 '  +#X 
d9 XPD FRQVWUXomR GH 9    
  *
 4#   5   *
 
2 3T2A*"IPNKINLW32#.3 

;/* 2
&97 * 2HVWDGRGHYHUVXVXPWLSRGH
  ' 1  1  
  '
DFRPRGDomR#HVWDGR
GH9  1    ]\ ^  1 
9'1 ]\^ 
 
 0  1 9 . 
1.' FRUSXV&
3B'
 . O =3 B . X'O )3 B 
    '     
 1 
  1 
& &2 &97  
&2&97 
"#1I
K *  L F X  6  1  '
"&(UDPDLViJLOGRTXHHOHHSRGLD
YLYHU FRP DOLPHQWDomR PDLV SDUFD 2

3 .H E
3UHYLV}HVGHXPDTXHEUDPXLWRJUDQGHLQGLFDYDPTXHRSUHoR
GD DOLPHQWDomR SRGHULD LPSXOVLRQDU D LQIODomR 2A*3O +RMH GH
PDQKm UHFXVRX UHFHEHU TXDOTXHU DOLPHQWDomR 2
%3  2=B=
9
A*' 9IPPI3 

     1   DOLPHQWDomR
1 ]\^9#&

B'.
= B.X'
) B

/' 
4&:&(  &

.8(&

S2 3 
  1  '    

2 1#<
      3T 2)ROKD GH 6 3DXOR Y
P,NKINLW3 

 B'XVDU
"9X#9
      
"9
#. S 9 ? ! #"T  7
   #  UHVWRV GD
DOLPHQWDomR  
 ' UHVWRV9   
9 #.
S1 1    T 2= HW DO IPPI9   K,VM3O
9   2IPPK9   I[[I39 !  !9  

9S191.1
' T 

= B4.X'

2K3'
S)'.?119 9
    
 '9  9 ; 
#  *#  .# 0' :9  ' 

!1#'.
 T2)ROKDGH63DXOR"IKNKINLW3

B X' OHYH9 1.   9 
1 
     =    2IPPI9   Laa39
#.S. #
T 9 2IPPK9
 KV[L39 #!
9#.
S1 
   >#9 .   # 2?" 
3T 

) B

2K3?
S4      ' 9 ! 
. "*= *
/!9
*9
 2?   *
 39 .   ?
#
 T2A*"KVNKINLW3

 Z  9     ' FR]LQKD9
    ?
  S.
O 

 T .?  1      1   
]\^  
 
"#1I
K *  L P O  & XPD DUPDomR HP IRUPD
GH $ FRP XP SrQGXOR DPDUUDGR QR WRSR 2*:3O HLV D FDVLQKD
GH 3DFXHUD >@ XPD DUPDomR WRVFD GH FDLEURV H ULSDV 23 Q
   #& 3RGH YHU GH RQGH HVWi D DUPDomR
GH ORQD H D ILOHLUD GH OX]HV HP FRUGmR TXH GHVFH GR PDVWUR
SULQFLSDO DR FKmR 203 F X     
8&XPDGDVYHOKDVWLQKDXPHVSDUDGUDSRQRVyFXORVSDUD
PDQWHUDSDUWHGDDUPDomRTXH VHVROWDUD2)3.HX
&HVFROKHUDVyFDEUDVGXURV$UPDomRSRXFDXP
WUDEXFR SDUD FDGD MDJXQoR 2/3 .. # 
 & GLIHUHQWHV DUPDo}HV SDUD SHVFD HVSDOKDGDV GD
%DKLDDWp6DQWD&DWDULQD23
 
     1  ' DUPDomR
1 ]\^9#&


B'.

2K3
S0  9  8     <9 
 2    3   8 #  S
2A*YK[NPINL[3

B ' VROGDU    
  
  
' SLQWDU9  ;    '
DUPDo}HV B ' VROGDU9 
"9 9  

9 S#  T 2=  9 IPPI9   KaW[39  
'SLQWDU9
"9#.9
9
 2IPPK9 IIKV39S.#
 <T 

= B.X'

2a3.
S
47# ?=
8#e7e
*#  )  <   .9  8 


 T2IaNPVNL[3


 BX'GRXUDGDVVRILVWLFDGDV9X
9    ?
   
   B X' GRXUDGDV9 1.    

"9   #     =   
2IPPI9   aIM3 9   # 
9 #. S 
 T    X' VRILVWLFDGD9 1.9  

9 #. SO T  2= 9 IPPI&
K[Va3 



 B897 4 ( ( (=$ 
.5 48&4 (= *&' E 2&2&9R (=2 4:*&4 S4 
2&4 &

S 
    <   
#  /
  ) 2.3 
   #9
KL,V9';. Z

    
   X T 2)ROKD GH 6
3DXORYI[NPWNL[3 

 B ' SHQGXUDU9   . 
SHQGXUDGRV9  
"  X #9 
  # '9    
   '9 #. S.? . 9
9 .? . 9  9 
T2=9KLLP9 LL[3 
 B  DUPDo}HV ?"  '9 !  8
O?.GHPDGHLUD


T/!#

7  1< 1 ''  .
 
   9   O 9  9 
   #G 1 '   
]\^    9  #G9
   # ' 1?  B 1   
       ' 1  
"' 
 )  4 2KLLM3  1  < 
?
  ?
 
  1
  # 
!
9'?.
'
1'#G91
 ! 
  .   
#G  * 9 
 .  ' 
 ' 9       9
'1 ]±N±f
1
98 1
6 
  !   4 2KLLM3 1 2
3 
 #& S . 1 1   . 
9#ST T


 : @*&(

)U

9 0  /  '6((2& &23*& 4& 68&
5 88 (&  KW    *
 & )  Z9
KLVW 


=
7Z+ZU9 +  S  !'   *Z

'#!g#.
!.  1  g NT 2
 
1  0@19 KLLI9 %' g
139  (  2(
&
(&(E +(    +-  ( &  :'
*9KLLM9 ,I,",,M 

=B=
9 A   DO  0* 3  4  8( ( 4  5 88@(  4 

$&( * &J9IPPI 

=B=
9 A   DO 0* 3  &2&*& 4  ' 

( 4 
5 88@( *  25 U  4  $&(  *  & :9
KLLP 

hhhhhh  2&  & 4  '&@*&( 5&&  5 88@(   *


&J9KLLM 

0A
Z)i9 =   b+4*9 0  0   & 

.
      '  +& * (
48*  >8 4 48V >8 9KLLI9%'g
12Z3 
/HV QRPV DEVWUDLWV KLVWRLUH HW WKpRULHV 23& 
:'9KLLM 2 IIK"I,P3 


U+%jZ9 7  & F   b#  +&

)
+U9 )  23   8 *&(( ( &4 *&  A& / Z'
k@&
9KLWM 


B:
+**9
> 0* 3 4&68&5 88 (&
/&BX'9IPPK 

+UZJ)+B9 *
   3(  (3*& 2 @(
42 (R (   #8# A& 

U .9IPPI 


4
7+Z9     .>      +
 

1  @19 KLLI9 %' g
1 2Z3    (
 2( &
(&(E +(    +-  ( 23& 
:'9KLLM  ,I,",,M 


B)
 +4
9 ) 1  &23*&  2&'& 4&
68& 5 88 (&  ,M      1   
/&/!B9KLLW