¥* —— Teel ee lwrlmUhrrmlUherwrmUmhErmUhOTmhCUCCmCU OCC RPUhCU TCU OCUWOhUOCUVCUFUCUMD PGleLation ef DveN Typ wy pBer DU! Deqtte of, untatana tion THD: Index of nplragen de pereney DEES Doble bend equivalent: / Due 2M 2 -My- x — Np 2 ‘ RIC Neo of cosben atems ' Me = ne of hategen akon Ny = Noe of hgdropen abems nye no of; Nibtegen atom DTp D0, compound in saturated (Atchehils 0 thu) > bf Doe , Compound contains tne delle bond (er) one pee + Of purr sComprund Confouns -bwe dmcble bend ty one triple bend tet) ene Ring and one Aeuble bona. Ad DL=3, compound Contains & double bonds (or) 1 -tacple drond and ene double bond (e4) Hing ond > double bonds DI PU-4 compruncl contains 4 double Lends to) 2 triple Jards et) | ing and 3 double bonck - Dv ch Cpe = 2(e)errb > Ae BEANE IE pe isnt 2) a Pt Chg ~ Cth, ~ Cela -th CH gC -CHly ICnlete parpane pUnlete prepane Chee HONG) Ste aRMomoate deme, fet Genee er Qu y { DP Wack the posslele Mens he hemers fet Ged Dv: goat aan > Wits the possilole CON So) A S ie a ea 1 3 oS « B® oH => Tromeriume Existance of compound in a sont [fj amenaement oh ater oth amt meliater btm A Lsemerise « ab alletnt) 7] Contibideonal of Chau y Ss fecitinnal » Oy > tancbonal . ~# “) chain 1 Corb prncbiveed ? » Metamoum | a | Sautemauim w > j x Chain wuomenctnt Stomsrinn vhicn aru dus te Bs ep | < defistence tn Se anrangt ment rf Coren oSvart bf pout i ~) v ' . a | Carbon chain As GW Chain ibranrizer A> Jo eahibit chain isomerism tninimumn ty tetlten etek o74 | Acgyrinedl bne Cth 54 ) “fae Ctly CH, CH Cy - CH, -CH, - CH, - n-butane Ct, ! CHy- CH tty Serta (orth aaal FOEEEEEC SECOAlkane Coty CA 4} Ca Mig | C1 te | Cp» Cy Ury Co the t Jo of Chen orrua 855 | Pesitional csemeriem: Tsomerturn ushich anrites due fe the Aifference din athe position of multiple Lends of Beclesbet ij) suvstibuents functional yer 4b calhd poritionsl { Abe mehu- Catla Has CA CH, ty 1 butene | Gaig j Hcec = Cth Ay Fale Butyre | Cota cay Cy CHa p- Clilete prepare Clty -CH = CH~CLy, 2 2-bukting CHa =C-cH, 2- Bane i CHa -CH-CHe 2 - thlete “prepaneCH ov ~ CH CH, Ct -OH CH, « CH-CHy Iv f&R opane | 2 propane Ct, cH, Cth C-Cth-CH, g Methyl portant CHa CH, -0H - Cth ~CHy~ Cth, |b Plethyt pentane > x > | oO x A x - S | @, @ ye | x ae | > | => Functional Uomenism: Teomeiism ushich aaises due te the ° ° | chifferentes lin the qunclienal poup of compound as tlle As5 junctional omni ~ i) | D Aleohels- Ethers i) Qed > Cth Ct, ~EHOOH Cth-0- He oo Eth alechal Dimethyt othe a d Be i) |) Allele - Ketone M5 | Guo o4, ° > | CHlg-cHly~ CHD Cthy-e ttl, “ { propanal p a ws 1p Grbenlic acids Cates 0, H 0, es Cy- CH, -Coot Cits-coo-ct aL Propanvic atid ; el” Methyl ethaneateW Capenites - Theeganicle Callen i CAs ~¢tl CN Ctly- ctl, ~ NC | Htgl cyanide Ettgl Hecg ide 8s : i | 5) Nitae alkane - ally alhye nikatte | f Cuno» CH ON | Netaemethone te me thal nitaete ON 8 amines | C3HqN Cty CHy-C# Nth amine Ctl cla NH -CHy amine | | cts- oi sramine | cts 4) Galen Gylutore (Cot O%) Gaucbeee (CoH O) -CHO, >¢-e , hing chain inomercim + Guemerceen which Mises lug to th. | asrangment 4 cathen adorns in epen chain and ts elosecf cloin : Cate Cty -cHe th oN | propos ae (atest. Cyt cr weet CH cycle butens| | Diethug eth G,Hea ea Cye (p butane called mrrtamerism Cate 0 Cols - O- Hs Cyt CoH6 - NH -Cr He Diethyl amine CoH 0 0 Glg-C -GHs Dietigl ketone Cot NO 0 Cyt -E-Nt ~ CH, -CHy N-eBbgl proprramide iyi Meds o-CHy Natta pupenon: Metamesizrn: pomesian ushich ater opiser due ty the | in the alkyl ginpt Lrondid te the functional qnerp dt | A re Testa ene C4hy-O-GHt, Methf propyl Her Cy - nit Ca Hy Mabbof Pp amine 0 u CAE Gy Methyl ert ketone 0 i Cy eH ee ee Ne methye Sudanarniole ° pC. -0-CHy Cth “Cy pepe methan cal| smetomestam: Lromenitn ushich arises oe to the Rodanaement ai bed Lond and Ake melerle ix COL tar ternerce Tsomers ane called tautomers Ss Je Sautomans alas ent Conditions fet tautomerizm: 1) Component must cenfain An which casbon atte ix ended fe Wghly EON atom ui ip ° ° na triogen atom wtlen ™ (t i} ec Sa gana Nes ) Ng 7 OND i) dhs onou, iJ Peep rusk be bonded sy cp cantron atom conte: | ' abheak one hydrogen eo BA ae eg ct - cd, = — CHy-C =H, nnnnnnnonananne CH | Neti Gabon atom which ic bonded te | ol aaben- The H abem bonded fs thir ao | ee | Types thy ta komeniznn | Diad Aystim: H atom Anansterned hen 4 atem to and | Paces eae C=N-H ee a ae panmnnagaea @ @ cjaiod systern: H adkom tanstemed fiom 1 atem to vw On 0 > CH32C CHa == eee CH, aan te ° oH 1) Keke enc tourtemaim + aye -cu, ews | “Ct | Keto unel TT A A FF Fe LUG, UMUDSCUMDLUDLCU =: 90DMale ii) Nitae - acinitre: 4 ae - rs aaa Nae eae ; Yo ie Se a > Nitis purities rs Cun iil) Pride - imidet a = ° ad iv) Nikiese - euimine + ee = Sraligghion: The prec oh Conversion ok Lewpeurd inte dddd dem it alld enelizetion- ) a packers affecting 7 eneligation G) Conjugation: H compound 4s in mete Cory 4 z content if mere- CUT “22 arD7rNANNDOD a Tt 3a compound L (Mete tnt content) i) Aromatics Comppurd a arematic haracts +4 tock then / enol tercpeoral centerd & ° jee koe Al Pee Sel ° - SUSE Canis 6 i v N : : \ se | L + r mt mies Ene? roe' tr) Bend angie Bend eal b]w the south att PL phi, | yy abadility 8.” 1. enel oven (cucu an cet) c-¢ Wy ) es ae Gh oe : —— (CHy)3C-2 = c-4 H € Sp er tor 28' 120° Keto é Enel WY) Grtsamolecutar H in bond: Trttamolecular regen vondling in wat conbend Be en fem ‘dt oe tl - 5 Ctlg-C =CH- C-Ctty I I | City C-Cth © -CHte SS ou f 1 Hyc= C- CH, -e CMs pleats YD folverd: Pplar potwent: Solvent whieh contains Chase Aeperadion Ext 4,0, CHgOH, CHC Cty loa protic vihich denates paste. ect H,0, CHs0H foto aprotic 4 Cty co - Hh lon plan: Golyerds usitlerak change Aeptiation. €x: Cote » Hexare stuenti “fs enol ton at Jess and in ren pret Aolvent i meeeeeooreteanennnnnar.i.......ee oe @« — ee se ee >? 0909006 ¢ ¢ j UUUUUUOC ECO oe Perea vuds oa a Ze vu - v 1p F ? i Oader ely ) are ¥ NS He temporalliire 4S cnet fee + Onder ef ST enelization Aleatadl Z helene CHy- CHO CHy- C- CH / Kekeogker usitt, ,e : : Sal Tg ie a fbx, —ewot tty OnC-CH, CHO Ct < Dikutene a pote < Di ketone with CHy-C- CH -C —Ctts E wilh phan groups 2 withe with drast ae th-¢- cH -e- ph fj D> writ the pose comstifilional berms I the rrobeatar spiral. CytoO- Du= 2(u)t27!0 nO Ketone, aldeyde net possible ae a Cyto >F @ Catz -Cth Ct -cH,- On oF © cry ca —cty “CH Cty @ Ct -CH -CH, OF chy Ctty-ec -Clty owOD — pasitional | OL —s chan ) O.@ —> chain, pos leone! 0.0.0, and OOD —s Functional | ©,0,@ — Metamers OQ .O—> patitionss Patio Wack the possible amine ttemrert per Gat N DU= 23) 2-71 do | CH, ~ CH, - CH, -NH | Oat nie “thy | Cit g-CH -CHs CHEN is > Stereo isomerion domerizm which arise due te Ha Aiftprence in the Aposiel ostangement atoms & ot Pre coshen atoms called es ie ie ne 1) Geometrical: Somenisn which ants dus to Be ole ene i IK, fpaciol cavongemink of atoms 0% gourd torn: Atourd He double bonded 0° aboms Ms Olle Gop een es a O. C Wa a. ore Bt it 1 c by, os F Ay f fl f : : J ° v at ee ee Vie6 om oY eee SSS) yl GOdOdd dd bd EeES d PYCCUCCEGEDdCUd Ee > Stercegen o- c " il c c AN . Ld Od 6t qt = Spores Spormer in uebich dirnilar qtoup pruterk on Hhe same Bie ob Hae double Uoondud'C’ abem at abled cit Uemce « > Gromer sn which similar prank on posite aide of Phe Asulele eondect'c’ atern cold thank Uemes. 2 wid +f the ‘plowing eahibite Gr? 1) Cth -CH=CH -CHy il) CHCl Cu - CHO ii’) Cte Cece C 00H W) CooHe-cH =CH -COOH wal \ Coon WA cook i aT Cc Cc. yf Coot coon ws tank pomatie aud: te Conte Place at ushich melecule eahebity steace Jspereniton it Oabled Aereopenic. evctre CHa cH = CH-CH,-CHECH cH cety Sere > Hoa Ph 1 vom Hci Wen] W Tho wo jet (iad2 eer - >) Gleulation of ne-oh GT: e : ') dt molecule contains ditimilar endl, ne -of Gt = 9” And ni no- Cy double bends s Fs Qs - ec = CH “CH= CHCl rs Ne of, GI = yey wma! AE metcule cortains similar ends. nook Gr > ~~ S nb even n is odd oy | nt om! nck og! > | 214g! er 42 SD | SD CH a-CH aCH CH acH-CHecH CH © CH ~CHs _ | Nn ds even sy | Say | zee 210 =~ | Sa | Cayce ct -CH=eH -cmcH-CHt, Cay vy is odd) = a = May Oa eC, Sa Sue ge comp Ws. Sutsstibubed cgelie Compounds exhibit my Gt. es | op. ale | eee AN aN, ; C4, x W tt oe ] Os Ch + PRE TY Hs 2 vd epbbawne 3 cus caDGlI wn onirnlss and ark > Atoms in ushich +H and dee pan are in oppoerte dcrection ws ayn iors and on Lhe Lame Aide it andi A4Orv0, Pecuen-cn (Atdenime) iN H r 1, r { é a © § H ve Anke nu an Le substituked other yt G = NH, NAC He, NHCONt Heborimus: Kakenim with Linilar abhyt rep / exhibit Go Ketenivns vith distimilar alll maps eabubil SR CHs L2N-oH > NoGl Sn? On Not Sp mabbigl ards meth 1s 1a Seen tt Cts og | oN on GT Bye : ae OH OH ayn ethyl ante may ¢ buume i Gis SN cum ithe arb cf cH, OH ogn mnthl anti ethyl Chime GI in orimes is arprustrcted rill, 440 | autadionv9 a) > ==> a) a) a) a = “Sp at “p> ==> =) s. a 2 oa males. 2 | u REPPEETS DE-Z notation: dL molecule containe fpun difterent qroupt, gpornetaical emears ane Aeprcuented usith E-Z notation, G Entgrgen 2 opprsite Z= Zutamen = Same => Ssomer in ughich hgh A preity qo patient on Aarne Aide 4b (ed 2 somes = Aromas in which drigher prietity pops present en opp aide Ab called E- cbomen- } ) 88 a? | Ge . ¢ | XO Seo Pon | 2 omer eo. 2 | E isomer 2D Order of prioriby of gongs 4 given hrased on CIP rules: Danert onan ako , digher atomic weight ib Giver Anighes priority. D>I>BA>Usr => Sr Promn7ec i ee) | é bg Uo E- Asormer, fi )-Frseng isotopes Sages mast number Lb given dighes priority >T>D>H 4 4 PO C=c 7 5) TO £ - somosout ater ib commen, then ierity 4 aver teitl tn Bi atomic wight fp aed ably e ee Cig ea Oa 4, “Hy p ea 7) CHg-CHa Hy >ebh-CHescy, 7 x . CH cay, £ - Berney Y Wd ended err cmntains Lame we- C! ateme then high priority As qn drondud chain Clty Cth Cy, eile V2 ere O Cac” tH CoH a So “Ha Cth ca, - cy, 2 ornes © Se i ns t = ck OH cu GCs > Cth bela — CH, -Cly ; Sts V) Of Hott and second ater deb with multiple bends N 7 Ott >COOH >CHO > CH, —9999999979799999999990N NH> Conventional duorneavarn: Tapert which causes dict dp dhe Aolation of Ce single bond () UU calbd ton pirmational AMNTOR GA > Asomens are cablecl Confotmers > Confixmess aK0 re precentent codh Newmann's projection ‘a > while worn New mann projection Amita Hon bt cortwry atom Us xX presente A with dot antl back °C" adem woth | ) Art btw the plones H% called dihydral angle | d ) Confirmer cin which qouph of, back 'C° oAem aru cwdly Lehird the gon front ciatomi called ecli ped | > Congsmen with ero dibdia al b)w the qe’ ds tabbed» ec Ciptet Confiamer | > Confrimer with te! dihedral wf bv Ube geet 1 | | Aregqauel Conpixmen : | J > aged confinmu 4 more Halole ran 6 Upsed Confer | >) Newman sous hotse a ees res , hy 4 Ve 7 Ni, wom A fein Ne i K Wy it ae ZN Hs nn Hy ay uy 4 . He us bo Y 2 &. M4 to, se "ye iene h: n ny Tye yj | | | O° WBE ne 8 210" tone Ko? | > Jetrimal ster strain: Repulsion bw the qieups 1 Confismes (et) Pepubtion Luo the opps with o oft j ounglt X wlhd Aetional staain- 4 > puc te torsional stracn energies a, Atability | din eclipecl hgdeal Interaction Enc ak Paolo ChS mele) a 1 saa = 4) CHe-H 4 ry (| Solipseal i CHy-CHy 4 a j EcLipseal Cig Cs oe 2 9 $ Ht { aot j ip i ¥ + Felipted . Bag ered axy =14 Ce ET opabiiy FOEGdGd @ @ i RRP TIVSIV9AMF d { GuUu0NGGaeE cs aeeeene vVuUdK0UUEG ee vi) db bended gree contains cu and: trans isemes , then higher purity a qe ty cis Abomer Gis tn > o£ a el Vo ews i ex a At oO ‘ee aaa ee we “a ® Z uomer >A the : : SE Pe Plimwing Ginpe i4 Be dersating ood st wt 4 if { ° a) ac Ou >) ise ee ek OH, <0 ai bserascsad | "opie eee the Ba BC ateon Ainge oe rer Be with § ot mote than 8 Car bernntans Aing eahibils 2,9, 10 Canons Cis iddrmen 44 ree dtable than mere stable than | | + Oe with ; 3 | Ring with more Aban 10°C ates) Prans jd }% Us.“cH, m A by ws tard AGI {7 Decline ~ d DGT sn Cumeberer: Cob Cunnline with even ne en bende ahibib GT - - ay A A A \ {| C2 Caage ENuGSh eta ga ea zg P, vg VG DGL in ee wsith even noch Rings cake dew exhibit G.T. Spirane vsith old wo. exhibit GT. ' at A ae & ba BP OCG .9.2 pit ay Eee doen't exhibit GL. Cimelene with odd neve of ahehle Jeord 7997998 H 00H O10 0 Ow 7 ® | eee eedo v > —» om, | ay fs | Oey pO, oN, 22? 2? Cp pe P?? a PEPE: 0 VuUUUD tf ; oN cte a Fully ccliguad Gouche a eH CH ae (askially Anak Chipsed |e Fit > Gauche > PE >FE A 3 eee Voie VomTor 8 tof QQ ae : 4 cH fs : : h TaN, fe a y @ a 0° “Go? > a roe , Aut => Confinmackions of Cthuplene Cntelehgdrine 2 Chlete ethane? CHO-CH.-G aC) Ge Me a a ot Otticonee TN at ’ ft Bt 60, é s # Lh.Nr erecta teen teEt T iecth tcc Leer : : “a — rt) Guile > Anti > PES EE a worn ep | Gauche c ation is more table than anti due ti inbes { | laa mricculer HR i re | 2 planers CECH) : \P l~ ne b re bad ia ‘wy i Brg, fst oe) v felipe Lt’ | es a in 4 different con finmadions. = 5 | : : ic sees ee | ~ eal SS YS ba t Twirted = -— } beat ~ bk, ™ pet cheik — | 2 Bader of stability : Chain > susited boat > beak = half « es — | >4n cycle Arenane, rphetente of, ae ne eat = i —— qos mete Atabi iby rr a — = OF Cad aa e (belie oe sane Bader ‘t Meabilety €Cbeleve | bs , ) fl Seta SEaaraa et— Nc (atm) reore pert yy _——Wee ee 6 Cee, u ud ae ee ee ee Th u 5 wl VOUT Carton atoms fosilion of Cis Shona mat —- C, and C, aelea Cs a,4| e,e Trans Cy ard Cy aa Jere cu ae [ea Dos Cyandly aa] ee 4 hans oye ]ere Cus chy Ct rt i te Ct Cu i Cag Cu S WM rv>r7k SAN => er Laan aces Sk gives the Atability +b deathanes ate the angle Head rt leky of LE Stability ee Pe Akaain « Lp [to%".o8- ea oNaN Bfior-23-60) = see Cycle propane . I 01-28 -Fo) = 4 Ip” Gale bulane Cyete 1 z (09. 28- J20) e-5 Curd pentane ane O + (tog 8-178) = 3 Cote henane — ~ ? ) Cycle herane is Mote Ababa Ring Athoin> HC > hn658.7 } ef eceal t Stability Rig Attain } (Chat 520,—> nC +ht,o > Heak of Combuction of Lycle prepane AS 09L bT mole.” Colerlete RS and HAC fet cocker RG 2091 - 3658.7) any te ci Cjeleherane I$ IS kT Probe eve caterer R.o bs H-C fet tach Cte ; RCo : jie HF each CH, 4% minimum 4 cyelehexanc and max | a vgcle prepare » . [Reoctonk 2 hey * Ceeoctork J ((froductis A a a a a en a ee Oe > ‘Oe >é 4 ' - | > Key C Reactant) P) by Ss = : (Products) 2) g &) 1 ors k aaa > ems LY oon I c)ReH &) eyee erm oaalR D) Re Gs s) 6 eT A= SBR, Co® DeP on : c | ° | >In eget crane 1,4 diet beat confiarnaclion Mt p% poud ' | a nfirmatien due H-bondin Cc I > | on i « rela 9g Cc > oH o ey & D Sat, 4 diteritiale Aifsi b Coherent tasted Leak Confinmation Oven ahaa at tH Minimize Whe Nplate a > Sn a mintire of ff confiamess sum of dhe mole factions of que and page =( ‘ i [ee Minin = Mant Xt t Ayats pas | : | Gn 2. dichlere ethane » Umin > 1 debge , | > Molafpactien + anti conbiwnttion = 0-8 , Find the wt of gree | ca cnfitatior RRP ———_ ouiud ) » OW ¢ Raa fan # oe FR a 2 Karki Mande t gauche Ygasebe p< ofo-& + Mypuste ® Od De eo 75) pe? Up | note tal Udmertom: Léomeaidm which arises dug ty the ow of plane polariged Hight is called optic! icomewtn ap p Aight ig produced . “posting netmal slight hae’ pial { pum |) SD Nicel prism is made of caleite Ca Comprand ef Coleimabenit D> Gomer which sototes pr: tight stewards night “s called dextre isomer (A) orc) |), =) Jaomner which Avtates p.p Light dovards Aft it ox teecl Leave (L) tC) i PDSpecshic satedliene) = Ey Ox angle of 2crtetion C> Concentration (ar|ce) Le L Boe Aiche (doo Snag > €xChital @1) assymmetate Clatem: S* Cathon aterm thick us dvended te 4 aie arr is cabled higal: atem. { AS DSL at nak a com condition te eahitit optinl g eae puleony tion eabitit sptcaal a => Compounds with chiral te L Ae Ser wi aon ag iy t ch (3 79HRHOH9H9H OO HHHOHHHAO O.C ee pe ee COP eee eeeSS a a € 6 ¢ ¢e¢ Wu 4 @dgdddd¢ddee¢ / vudduud PSUCUI DULY => Symmetaic Clementi 3) Plane of suymeneag (Pos) | a) | fi) Contre Aymmetry (C08 | i) dae of Agmractig Caos) | = POS: 4 eu ee thin thak molecule is taving POS: Equal ralves are nrurrert Arras: coo 4y~—_}— ow iS 4 , y—t—ou > dj, mctecule ea pen rt ak ie optically dinackive + > Meso compound: Compound which it ged inackiye. due fe plane of tym ag called mete Compmina Mese comproind vis eplically® inactine due a) Pos YD internal okion >cos: Ina eqelic, compound sith even nev of ‘c’ atoms wher ating ib drawusn frern the contac ae molecule if tt dees y Alene, (ist Aken roclecute + chaning Cos rp ets | ots, >AOs: A, melee ele an ans atana x of x0" i nila fous Oppeat at ee intervals then | sha a At having ois of Symetoy | | con | | | nner cbaaehieteaeesnmmam SS {\ ae ct 2 fled Ag = Fhe ection mule: 4n fiche de prone, tly lide Ec’ bt of vertical Lr ‘ mire sed ee wtibn wet 1 Like 90.9 O.D\fc |e | ¢ the h | bine | Remaining Co votitten on oigental : i OH le le CH le | Consvouin ef Sischer praection forrmala dite useage dost. | om > Grr prep which -is at the botlem ef vrtital Line in | el Cee tw ta de, | el tt Group which 4 ak the night ve on ti pregection el fprrmila. 34 written on krie, ~ el Coon q | X La Hi cate 5 oe el SKS i ient 1 Se Sinnester : > R tenfiqurdion: £ pit il) ~ (Aap sited | Sn 0. given stiches jection fe Mound the chiral AL °C! afer, oe padey ae priority,” of POM AS qivern bated oy ZLLLLLLZ. ? aTSeeder tte et er ee gee CIP Aukes 7G KX >A Jeosk prety eee Gaon yortiad bine a) Remaining 4 peups ase rm, evieg in Cechwise disecton Hun it & v2 cen fptation b) Reyraining rr ae G.N PF drost trict 4 2) Remaining oheup q b) Remaining Ger 24 weedge dash fimala, de 4b Acast pists Jt om One ding: 2) Ore Rare eeng Semai vibe. hen our vides of acued wee wey ie nalien . Ba meving in erticleckwile. Angin Jhon GE is S cenkquction vq ae (nc ration ve Lical Sire ake in cleckwite direction, then is 2 © Conkiquraction. f eps old ht prin ih Ga in ar vleeeert Cece (ea on 7 cH,| j china '¢ ‘ater ak met £.N On o is Aide, then ik os D configuration andl yy ; Bde thn 8 UL contiaunaion, CHO CHO 4 on HO! H CHLOH i. Chon L Ghjealdehude: : cro CHO 4 —§}+— 04 < (BES Woe eae u—t ou OH er 4 oH ore oH Ho—| 4g | a ana D- Ghacese ne | Pbayte- Doce configuration: his confiqurnhin, ss ward | te tnt Comprunds with > chiral *e “aferns ception din which Atmilaar oe att om the Aner, “ be chinal *c' afem exyttac ms eons im sn wshich sires anvags Peles side cite chiral 'c' ators is talledl thue conkqurabim . 7PO 0 8 8 0 6 6 ¢ ~rr*e at | @ © COdd Gos aedceoe te = el? ce ptt Cook oH —pn Hs Eaytheo Ctl, i a —th | fi"! | cus Enter CH | Thue | > Enortiomers: frvmens (apical) which arc nen: Au perim pero tle mmivipt mages ane caltedd enantiomers | Cele, CHy | Ht —>— Ba Be t w—,— Ba Ba H catty, Cty >> Diastereemens 1 Ofhical uuemers which “QAL nm, Aupeatmpesabl and no mimes imags one Called cliastercemens. CHy cA #—}———& 4#—$}— t — Ps Gc—_+_ Cts cy |lj | He. of “ adie Aernurs (a) = gh | Nod mise yemers Ln) = 0 | Hal nerf cnfiquaclirnal, Jaemun = sh =? Enanliernehis have Aumelat pric propetins, | > Diasteseomen p have di foent phgeicod porphin | > Saem the mintous at crankiomery ate nct teprat f | 4 phgtica! methods onl Aiattertomis gps 4 Py ital mcthods PO Wg | DCalelatin fret optical vernwes: Deri Recenic morture’ Equurn lan rrittore (1:1) 4 ean D asomens 6 Called Accemic minteine 7. rplicatly Unactive due te eaternal Lompertakion Seperation of 4 = i and L ems fer ete pric ynintir lt 1) bh compound covctaine cittinilar end ( Witham plane cf “ance 4 Need enardiemess pai - Ned Meme mirlurus = & Ne nef Attemic mirtuus i) 4 compound contains : ite et Dred is pa pri cro Nef plicll athive asemrs(a)> Q” No-of ise ddorrurs (m) = gh! f ; fda wo-4f ornfiquatisnal duemeas (atin) 2 gle g* | No- of ears) pow pass Q Ne ee fecuimie: enincton = a . wi) 4 tomnptund Cordains POS withodd no 4 chivel cents Nee opty active werd (a) » ant A (nly, Ne 4 muse oma? 2 ee yl ORO RAPA ITII IA IFFO FFD OOO* cee <= VVUEUUEUEUUBUUBEUUFCUOEGUGORMUUG SEES > | waite no: of ef {4 ational Yorrs (an) © arty gy Ne: unanliomus = F Ne- of Ricemic mirlurer — > Camel ith of double bends : tive Mew etn "° of ane optically ad C=04C0 : we Si : > Sprares wath, even no- of aig Ainge one optically active: | a 4 OX | eeElutronse fed, s x 0) Induction afc i) Dndes Sernerse fe = ‘ fn) Ect ones ie oe jx) terrronnce feet ile r i rabenass fet ‘le r Hv) syper emg confucgahion é r ) Trduchioe effects She proces of deueleping induce dd r Un 6 molctule i tal Arend stn, ae “ pry e rn jt talted indusckive ebfect PO ator Col | Tt a o pm nent fd Tt opetadis Ae! - 2 Ic r ze dapends on dustone AL te dis Mh, DEeg.- |e I é hare JA 0 nen- ; i veda d : puter eel tnt Hota lane is 0. poles |e I Hi vedecule dus ty Jndue iy. | “a ! wt ie I Poe dele oT “on ie é 9 Sndudiv. fheck us te i © aes daca nn £) -ve inductive effect -1) ec L 40 feck: ‘he process in which atero ot ater. el H) Seda plasty an adjount dds Jy dering 2s eed — gal Hr ft oll ' C#CxeC#CeG ENC >G LL) oll wy Mem of) roe ef eles asich cnate #T fect Of Fe destiny Cal or Me ead Cates elt Re on HF ce, 1) -1 Hi. ») coo |, 2 5) -CHR Oe? ma b, 2)-Cr, | 3 6) CH, gH lew ol SSt aM 2 7E tf 200" Acause in 0” ve chat us Lee ™” I o mly one 0 atom whereas 1 COD - ve change UA shared blo dwe 0 atoms Ve > +I effect of Om Ce In anionic system 1 T effet a NW > PH =a > dn olke rt as branching Mix fet ft. ~Cfs >-CHR, >-CH,R >CHs = Pimeng Abe isclepes as the mass nef +I effect 0. ee le ee ee COOIDCObdddddd ddd e v5 T>D>H J-L effect: The procs ain which otem et tf edame\ odes | polarity in adjacent dbends 44 Sseararer @ is callecl ~Teffect Cor Cx CxCorG En-ceg(-T) } Atorn (et) qenp f atoms vohich cause 5 effect are called e withdrowsring rr OCH ~E Gps NRS > NR SRL > NH > NO > SOR>EN> 60, Cotes PO, COOH S E> mr BA > T 7 OCH 2COOR >OR > COR > SH > SR POH > CECR > AA SCHECR, CoH | Bi) Srductormoric effect The pk procs in which larity tn snduced in a phar — berg bordl stn a dtactant molecule when Aagen’ appreches Bhe seacent molecule + ie pene obfpet- St eperatis duning Bu eeactien: uGG —p> Sct oF ae iii) Eleckwernesie effec The cess of complete trander f Te duning the seaction in prcsente f ee Aeagent 44 al Lecteomeac. effect a Aempetary effect Je Ut wetetved Un alkenes and carbonyl As (dehyde % ketonet)- & place only in presence, ot attote:, ing Magers ent UU CHy-ont U7 l Ae adkabe’ a Faecal dt Removed fet ikeyen ag bh aus 4 tow tapes. a) te efget © b) -£ deck a) She -plocas an which Tem are trandtowd Hawords actteh,. attacking. Stagint ae a Sens TENG CA, SS , (Blacker ~ NO -OK L) the process in which Te ase Hransfrned aso fren . perce” ewe tL eae. +Nu —»> Noli oes Dee cr -€£) (Nucleophile) SS ieee NS é Ne & Gs) Me rulic atids: Praasretioh 4 ele aaa qoup staerath Puente e ( witrdrouoing sip hae srt (+I) & Jesh acidic PPM DA9MDAHRANDAOGD DOOM AD é op oh ey my a oo ve — km eeedd dr f eee es ee ee ee ee & IeKOKCdCdCdde — Brrr a| Ae Ne Ty 3 : = - . | Ss | F «OH, «Kd ~O«KH (-T) > mote acidlee | , Ew + [PP |] > Aeidic staength «- T effect “ [> j <5 ofgeet © Ps +] ¢ | 2 od Ka (teid ditsociation const») ii be XL (Pha - tog ba? ct | Pha 0 | | > | [Spe ee | od fq: T. HCCOH Se TL) Hcoow S a a i © Cs c a CH, Coot 4 3 | ] > aes i. €-cHu,-COOH | & > TE CttgCttCOoH ” > | qi | ed > W. CHs- Ci, -CHy “Coot Wirt ole I> >i >w i Eq: T. F-CH, ~ Coon | > Kaz 7 Kar > kag > Kagy 4- i 7 fT. A- CH et ° Peas < Pha < Flag < Phar ; el ff, BA- Cth -6 yy? Epa etal pe me © Gb ca-c -coor iW T-ct, ~Coe f cH, XS | : o rr T: cHy- of aoe We CP Cf, -CH-COOA k Cth, -C (Hy-CHh- CH, - COOH FPF hte , x3ci TCH, (00H T. Ch F- COOH (00H Tt CHA - CoH DoH | | 1 Ch - COOH No, | | | 1 Yrn-i i Ob -CoH € Coo4 q ri of on &q: T: Coon CH,-OoH ¢ as r-9 LT coca - a 37 Ha-CH, -LooH the Conor Te - CH, -CooH _ oon tik Ww Coon 7 T. Hy C=CH -CH4y-cp0H 1 Ger: END Sp >Sp?rsp* Cr) “rt Py 2 Acilic Mig oa alerhels fuduc Prenat, LET effyct ol ee effet hk ba ape: pS © dl 4 % ) Gh -CH,- On 2) CH -CH, yr a) |_F _—_——_— — — a | 999909000 oo oon0o9 oOe ei 4: T- CH,-O : Ott 4 ° 4 7 Cilg-CH Cty T: CH, CH, -O# D. CH, Ge Oe gr. HCE CHO on Sucre JP HC= CH-cH, “OF W CH -d Cts - chy f- GIN Cty Cena? soy rmw toyed > Basic strength of Amineg Arvind, aa. ab Adiphatre Aiomatic CR-NH,D CAR NHL) => Miphatlic amines are rote Josie than Ny , atemabic aminis are Jess basic than Nie > R-NH, > Nt > Aa Nt. > Banic strength dLefyect & deeb WK, (Batic disorsbon antt> bts Clas oq 4s) 4n apices phate, Arasie nativne depends oe rly om electronic tr chet (gndecctive effect) | Beton osdes x Tf > >t si CO / Es City NH Os 2°) H idan Fie tng oh orninud to Ns () ) Electronic faetot “ b) Stevie yee j c) Solvation foctes d) Hybaduaton : e) Bathe ektect pst2 oad of Maric Hen gs Saced on Ssetu flor and Adwahon factor wu Wee yet —— copvack bt of base Aer bution Hate 7 (rnb ER 42H) 3 NH, ey Ve tiel’> NHs ( Sposp>sp? 4 D got: Sy gs- DI ob - Toi © I CHy-b nt, CH Cty Ne IL 1 => Hyper os She process in vehich = bended e of CH benah nyo, in A ecaliogtion ay called hyper Conjgation- p StH ale known ab ne bond fe Resonance (or) deeher Racke- Nathan effet. rion ie engin tin Spectes aut contain 4 °C ‘akon with CA) Cm) =c ! ai) spe mutt be bended to spd ic’ wilh atleast One of SY aber | ‘ pC Hye CH op? a we Oy ¥ Cit, - Hemet Clty CH” ’© Udee NN ee Ee Oe Ee rud re 4. 4 wgption CoH ot bended & involve 17 sp ‘c! atom > Dri prconjuge Comju ae with emply r ' erbital of CUUGCuoncoouuoorcee 0, 9 c ome o- a ae ee ke a 0. ui 0 > Ne. of hype ae Miuctuned = 10> of eH + Ne-of, pec structs of Stability | t L necclivity ( Hea hydacgenclien Wa CH CHa CH CHa Ctl CG = CH CH T focee w fue 0, HC=O ages WHY ene Vaca CRE Ot | CaCh Cts, a: ae S cy CHy Cts wD am | lhe, HCP pape Cm aoe cs ho CL. Peo ; Hoo" | Weed | ete \ 0 othe 4 Liejor eee a5 HORS i ie ate wees Stability > Me Hed HORE Yom orerokMe 5 ‘ CHECH, ¢ eve lepa al f pro ele (Ne c cleveleg pa end Length y | Louse bond characher dovelef il Aingl bend charac +. ' bond fenghh A poe. & ) Heat of Hydxeqenation: : brat of taturalid bh veuse II 4 tke 6, hei ! the amount of Aneel encigey diberotas un natid hydeoathon is converted catben oy adding A fo fit 4 Clad Kant XC atom contains marke mete £N adorn Abous Aeviase HC ef I , tte CHA CH £-G f 3 "| 4 6 cece CH-CH, f t f 5 9° s H.9 O 5—> Resonance : Piffesent Clecienie Atruclines o Rame molecule (eh) ton ysith dame aternie atranghment amA—neith is called sAcsnance struct and frneess as called Arsenance - 2 Co, eo. © fe ~ . Van 1c. 20: OF “0: “O° oe : > Due te the olelecalization the i it Acsenance Shtuctius oar formed which arc known as uanenical structions. ae delocalization of € enen eneugy is Lebertadl heh AS Known O4 Resonance enedgy- => Due te acsenance , neg vb, stability = As the no of PusBNOLNCe Atnuctinus T, stabitoty = pp c [been RE (SEG ester) r [sts] Lee (Genel => Cond cfiens fet Acsenance Melee (ot) Len must Contain planarity and con jugativo: Di ferent Ayes ch Confgation: i) a-1 Cte t)g-Lep oy iW) N- -vec ” wre ans ” y) 1. enpaw v 0 ee ees es Lr ene_—X— — ee ya? Conjngstion : Seperation +t 27 bonds by a shingle Looad we called qa cong ction c czc- Cec | G : | which of Ahe i following contadnd Th 1 « enjeepstion | ¥) 1,3 butacliene 1) Ud butadiene Wi) Chep: rencol iv) @xt-2 cnet . ° ry - Y ¢ i GaGa C Mt Dac =a-c-H : . ° >) W) ccre-c W) teC=cH-cHy ett u As => r ~ s, | ’ =C+c dena th An 1,%-butadiene 1b Xn? and inethene ib | Ye ae ee é COOK 2)"*LN DX>Y y)aevy es é ae te onan omc’ length 4 CoC >} Dc Gb Juexiwarletn Ethane yA % in (t)3-butadiene) Fp Youy in) Te LPeonjugation: Seperation of 1 brnd and Li by 5 ; Ainge bd WZ called al P Conuugation Tr this conjugation LPs cory converted ante 1 bona and (7 lend i converted ints LP , ats we dcu-& ED CH CH ah 7 adh vingt cbbesile C208 bard Aeagi U8 Ailend Edel choice coh Arnd Jergths 4s YA’, ncecn et (Ving ehltidd esomante) © : : Mane cot i te CHs-Ch Rete oo 9d 2 oon & @ oeCC sya CHC Oty . Cec 2A" | CHy-ctl, > Ct ceyscw ict S j XoI7Z |} Gr chlate sbengenc GAratte bend chatackes 6 merethan Vingk | chtete ¢hloriale i >t ve) change tion: Sepation 4 1 bend onal a ve charge dy Aber ainate re Ne Change =\L- r Dey During arcsonance - ve « change WB converted Inte T bend and Tl bend js converted inte = which of the fottnving Combains, Tl € ve) conj xg ation AD CHt3-Coo” cu, 2 -o SE) CO, ye “oe ~O UsiCosg f 79N 1 oF aaO) ON GHeo” d he nore C Phares) SD Flo Conjuplim: es Abies and tue change dng ne binge bend: ye Lowe ch, E> Hye cH ce Seaconin ciety ‘pjeratinttfat Und ond unpaited & by” ola bend wou cn ACH caothe- CH= Ch=a Ruls te stork wate petonante Stentor! chy ALL atoms in ameleewle of ion must be planas (617 almost Plan ot planar A AL N O Ms 7 Aesonane CD ALL sexprance Atiuctiones Ay mly in potttion of eT bat not position >} atem- ae ic © ANA ==> ow CH, tH Ch SS cH cH Sa & te de bem ieee: s Wi) Jn all atsenanee sbructines woofs pod aA enyadtad oe gumain Same. iv) Sn all Aesenance Sauter euety atom JpUleves valeney PLL futonante structures oo hypothetical ubet and pusenance Ayud is Aral CT © (Chyrrteete i er a © Ces | oy the energy lid frente b[v most Atable atienance SbAuctore and gbaid ds Called adenante cnet: nesonante | ~~) As dhe Aulonane Crergy te Abobility Hove, ausonane pbiuctone & NO ef Conjugestion sports LRE of Geability KBE \‘S\ ie) =) \ ee \ PeEPaercrey:VV VCO GUOCCCUGGOGCGEOGCGCGORCEE SE & | : Renckivity ail a Bond length | 12 DEDos10 a @ £ Oar a oO OO <2 op Nh foal /4 ERI BRC Sab the ne- of T bends t, stability 2) A the sing ay t, Stability * O>e g > Stability putes of Aubnance struetines: HS as NE 7 1 Uy) Neutral foam Ab bel mote stable than charaecl jem Stability TL aT > Dadet of Stebibity I PIL2 ' # f t ~ EH >t K, q u = Che C oe & Vac emmed => Sc ee HBG og «6 my Messmeric cffect: Prwcess in ushich aterm er) Neup ef ators pment in a molecule dake part in getenane soy donated ey by with daawring is called retorneece. epee > reups are Seneuen a4 mutprneric yous) Attonante yor | > 4 as of by pes: OO+M (oxy R effect! The pects vn vehich ater (et) o Be 4 atoms stake past in Arsenance aby denading cu wth +Mer) ER effect o oe Ga, N ne NAL . H&G? NH, ¢ Conditions fromedrr efpet: on n0# Ks 9 DH > Bee eae a | NH : rigs ® <> ©-ot ® -cH =cR, D-Moy—Refpect The preces on which atom (es) aseng 4 otters dake port in hedenance a4 en edioin, eT ate iv cabled -17 (61) Gig « ( 1) pe LZ lL Z 0. os Kaye?Conditions por -M OC) - R effeets Ww Keg atem should cain tye charge: ci) ey atom must Ae enoled te mete £.N atom with renltip le « Amd 1S) ae @ - Re a Q ® -cv @ -C-on A © “Sot ® -L nytt acct 2 @ -¢c-4 > ALL electamic displacement groups one, chssitied ante y OemktT @+aMkl @mkeT CHs NR ~ NO, Gre a ante aa Cyr CH-CHy - te ott ~OH — tHo -OR Co -COOH © tlogent: Hologens on bengene fing act as me gee and oe ' ' “t feet 2 a eed HantM fleet +M y 6 9 ¢ w i> , © 26 @ 6 uv w6 CITT N po on fy F Of a. & raf 5 © a rede Bt Types ef Atdenante Gate r (Saovalent) ° ate 0 CHy-C SC, -c0 \ ENS on ‘° oO A Cyc os b S a det Sena gee SCI may Fe QoBed (ness conjugation: bn polyenes choct doudsle Mond participate én ‘pendralene) Conjugation a peed ate excluded ftom intiwackion « ; ‘Caps onjugstion ul eee in a Tendtaleree ) Radiadencs ) Benge 0 optinene. ) Razer quai ghenen age A “ O- ‘) phinme |Dendralenes Ky \ NS t i AN Radialencs => Stee inhibrtien of Atsonance elect CGIR effect) She proces fe dnhibition >} pesonane due ; ne te the presen oh to at ad jaunt portions U called gine. i ie - te of; bulky qpoups at adjacent position, one of a Prom a plane tr put sf the plane eee mL, Ruane 44 in) T ~ a Ney N on Nt, CH, in HS Gh i 4 cy Hy é H HON Planarity NOL ce (Resonate) No Lanasity NOL (No fesmance) Basicity + T ot I Coot - OA ct, se \ ' ( flarasity) A QQ ees He BC Cty “So 2 ON ibity TH Pe| € OCCCGCGCKBCGGOGCEEE p _— = @ —_— t |> Bond fusion (A) Bend cleavage! Breaking ef covalent Lend- \ Homelgtic puter: Equal Arteaki q covalent trend: # | During the hemolytic fiaions free Rodicals ate formed AxdeB ele | 1 |S He mrelgtie fissen Jb favoured; a) then the EN difterence blo the ates su Ca dese: hwy im) Sn pacbence of nm- polar advent, | | ce) At high emp d) 4n -peusence f sucnlight @) an -paisence of -poonide: Dilelinaybie frien: Unespat necking of trvelent Arenal is Called a | Dosing the defer sit, wpprilly chasgadl Jims ane foemecl Adxx B e => Heterotytre frssimm 44 jarowed ale lice bo Haat se , D) Ja prusene of lar Arbvent: D Hetiadybic fision Reapinas mate energy Mon hemalyh fetion > Fat radicals: Odd & species ate known os te aadical- 2D) Shey one neutral apecits- D tur sadicals ore unstable and mete raclive > They out Paani tie vin natin 5 Magrtic moment Cut) of fe sodieal ix fen Cis CsCl, (Uy) cH (Cuadge e ' - - 9? 2 order of stability a°>o° 1° ctspene) | i Lew > ella - =) Pader of Reactivity: CH m1 2-7 ES As ve € lectiephiles Nucleephiles ue he i) Species which have mele i) Species which hawt meete | Tw affensty Aewards & offenty fowauls +e charg N Electie eer Nuclee = yve char nN = affinity he [Pini ve phile = afhinity sphile = olf y Ny ji) Slectaen ole ficrent Specter i) @lectton xick © | . CWith 1 ot mese Lone pours) -, : : e iti They are Kewis acids ii) Shey ee pee Pa : iw) Shey ow ou netial and ve jiv) they in nr eye len ety & > chataed: ps 7 J; BCLs « BBA; + BIg, Acts Newtial: Hi0..NHz /Pis ASH; p- _|* & ALBA; ALT; Becls » Pe BBs, 1 SOx a I e aevecbanged: HT XT, Ob, eF ~vechaaged x7 CN? (He Coo” a L* (ih Gite ---~ Nen- atomatic > Arte. aromatic i (n2®) 4 Q A Aa fae 0 O G ® f | aA te AR | “i a i NZ iV/ un (net)} = Annlene: | diy mmecglic -plyene with complete conjugation Jt called annalene fl 9 (Annutene) 4) © we Qy | Qe) Xr) ot yD Met thable (-Arlematic) a g ae = sa) hos Hodole (Nen-otematic ) ane => Ehectrophrilicity : See f Lecrephile fe accept the fone pace e uh called electarphili hy: = As the charge rm elicttphilet , electasphile OZ Cute mnt? Zoot Cue. fe A: ? u ° \ © } Jaa 35 soins esgvas q On) ee Voda ts'o9 2797229977 ) =(HA AhAA BABEL BBA AABDB A RBA RRAa aés pec-u RU -NHE fi g R-C-R R-C-OR eee zs g-e-ot ~~ [D> Plat solvent ci) Polar prstic bohich olmuate 44 (tho. CHOON) ti)Aputics Which denstolervete 47. [rmeo. te \-0) Clty 2» which of Ane Apllowing Can conily give wh eS Wa at ¥ > Nucleephilieity of _| sk ppt rolth Agno, f U O a Oo + uw) NA Ty CY) Nme Divhich me 4 the {plowing id rote pelat: o o ra) ies cy oA ° \y | 9a GgOnVPGTOHONNOOnnOnED re@ | = ty | ) || R | i ; > | ® is Fyfene + Alma abl the we (C0) we ib as anktatematic. ; | Ah ips ge (me) ot Lu anomatic. 3 | 9 | Dd Anulensié cs AA | > | 5 | => Freleng WUT ove 4 > | ° > | PB . “s Be wwewvwevVwe Ff ee=s Reaction inteimidiates : When C-C undergecs but v Lusien Ctand cm ote ad: hae fem acc Gxbeaium ten oe i) tye ly change “C% i) ~Vedy charged \C Contains 6 whence & Wi) 8 valence” ii) opr hybridization. it 16 p§ pltidisatcon iy) Plana & trigenal 7) Pyramidal din Ahape dhe . aa v) ge te bovis dona v) St Ua lews acid | ae ds a cleckaghile a) CHS > Methyl athenturn ten: yy coke Eth ene de) °) CHty-CH -CHy—> boptepyl wtbrniem stn. ('1") PA) Cry Che = Furitinny util carbrmium Lens) Cs ecH—CHy > Allyl caxboniurn ten vi) gt ane uclecphile e) CH: of) a > benyy! oxtlenium 49 Senn ) cathe, Ss Stability 4 cob enh WA talend* Crabilty x Taped ave charge a erMagnitude qt» } A yy ve charge ccmnmugaanaen | Stability | Ewe | Gatility « @ ERG ; ee y} Tch, TCH, DCC -e, » | ; : | BrGeaa oY . y | a F . |S: Cty CH, J. NO CHa Ch | a >| WV: No, eC Wart | La &: T- CHy-Cth TD. CH=ce ; Tot Fc Z| H a zy | a rcneck pened | ce 3 oH CH Ce ars Tam, FB > ENG ERG > Gl of >T | > 2 4p rockon position ne musemetic effet > | ch, ch, Ga | | ct, Ib G a he | lee & ob "O26 | ° > T+ * > wt +1 cuz >er ee re re ate te ret cee ree retort TE aCHech, | & © ce, ~ Cts t+ ® ‘eC CA-CHy T Pedy BoP oT Ctabitity £ ERG of EwG T-CHy DCH ch, Gh Gay Hct We-c ee CH G>a >i > L ets ace th > © > Bon BB \AEWG EKG GL >t > til S ree ON | ae =) Gability qf crbanionts Stability g J Magnitude of ve Change “i Magnitude 1 - pee ERG {>i ! D Cale preparw propyl methyl car becat'rr t Sch ~t ow OcH,-c, @chy-ce @ check S>271 CE.ND Oo ee ae B>2>1 (Conjugation) © clas vr ie -_— CHO DT. Ey Cr EOE CH, CH e — Be CHS < c -Ctk Cc Cty OHO N = o T -firil eS S a Ch Hy > {oy S 3 ec G “a % a {o> tout +3 Ch on le = +My Ww>th>i ot\ iii eee ree ee er ee eee ok OY iS 3 ey Kay a a > oe 4 = S D0 roe cH Gs, 0 e anes) O © Wr + me:Do >> +I, eM CNe f thenyligtenps BENG . : S -I (Ne Lavan "Np + Mot -M) > Stability of, fee Aadionlas i : ’ 7 Tk Hc er, Maeteel cl, I O-¢ ety 0 Cee © 6 Oe ee = us y > D >t | frw>L | < Gal Gi Ses Lia. Fea, SINK | i 2 ; | FOFO2Q soe | : | - i : le 4 i) Lt I> Bz *’D Bee fr ST >f 7 oa- A § 1 i en tla Co Aingit Carlene, Triplet carbene & mgt 1)twe Len pas | Lp 9 eco Pe u H ai) opt jrgvridisation | in’) Argqulas dn dhape in) apn raltiphicitey =! V) Diarnagratic Vi) Unstable ds £5 lp, bp papas i a Aturee aclective DGrlene: A divalent 'c'r with oe tn Ha valence Abell 14 cabled he Simplest crleene id omethylene Corben Ge) Baud en the Apin mulkplicity » ¢ Jenes ae of Jon dupe, Aniptt 1) hws b p+ 2unpaired em it) Sp hag bridlitction|Gomebiones Ni) Linema in Ahape i) Apia reultiplicity = 3 v) Poramagnelic : vi) Mable due de by bp sxpuldion vil) Nom stereo clective r ° A edouieciea 990997TT9UNT TAFT SEEEPL 999009999797 29D Diagomettane en heating fmt tastens : () CHyNs—Z> ICH + Ne 1) Keteme on Heating fom Canora Cty =C=0 x tc +CO =) U Alkyl Aralide en ‘it! els A CH ioe Base : i“ 35 Sanne Cth +t K+ Ho mination Lots cathene => Nibene: Nibiegen pone COOGGOCCCCECECEOES que of Catlene is called nite Singlet Jaipte Spr sp ae -e a en ‘ r bron nes ogy agen Lrwe ony ie Srobility vrdu d carbene: > Hoe CG 2 icc ae Chr a icy) D> Bergyre 1,2 Didehyhe dengene and ob derivatives st Colle Iserrzyne oq Hole Lenazne with “Ht! abe tn treatment with Asdamide fees chengyne ¢ Wb onemetic Jn noting Re nye VY VOVOUVUITEUDUSGK 9 ee t ons Look, Dike 9) ben ) BRA (= ) vA BAR (eo) Y [ey CH, Achy ee 2) NO, . ANA (oN aN Noy, eats + A ) Cb, 84) CE a> 3>4 (Back eo capacity ) 2) INA ) UALA oO \ \ ation) pire. is prsenk piles is dame fot carbocation, catlarimns 99999 HHH MD HHO Geode Oo Oo &| S Re attangenent in Carboce _ ns! ' The mest Somportant - prope qt { | vwrbocationg is Xe ' X carltocclion AGE (ot? Searrangee nly more Stabe ert Stalle drebecation Acaranas > Mo Rgderde ship CV) thyt sept (ei ph “Y Asy 1,2 by Aina expansion v > Srifting ten devey ( qrenp is known a4 migratory oplctade > 4 us direetly popetlional te dhe € density | S Orde of shifting tndency A> Ph 3D 2 >IP> Cts + i . rer V— Un ) Py + for FB ‘ WV/ aay (Resonance) (9) fas J Nv —— Remains same 2°) 3 ae eV ET VV FFU VeUeUsEUeCeUEeeeHee a8X0 DCB) Na HELE Gn, > Rin 4 erpansion: gh °C ons acent fe He tiny ik coals Clie , ( Bhan Ab dsb Atabilige ty ¥ "4 eX pansion v 2 Jn hs ds 7 Ce Cer cee z ; See =k rs % 4— — — — -_~ 997 OODH9DMO MMO OTHHOKMTK OTH Oe a L201 702a ee ee O- (HAR &y => Acichic AtAungth of phencli: Sn depends en: Mere hyper corjugabon > Aen | A) Natire 4 Aubstituent pers 1b) dnductive effect ¢ rer c) Mesemenic effect of qe“ A) fesitien of Mubstituent on ai 2) Nakise of subttibunt in etthe pasctin Acidic trungth xk EWG v- I x-M A Egy w +r KIM (yg 4 Z-(o)-2 B) -M = Noy ec mall VT Wot >er Sn DL, Ho bend & decrenses acicbic Attength:T>M>Wst wrG 9 (0+ M As merle in para postion) 4M Js more deminecting un para position: Z gq mT oH On OH Or é o SO Cus cH,-CH % cm & Biv fi N Gai of Qe © ; J NAL ‘9 CHD =—L a + kM oy HCH CH =o CH CH CH, Hy o-Uy o n & © - =~ mp hr freHtrnrhththnAA ARH AHANo, We@sf>c ely i. 4 £ © i oH CHy CHy “NOL No, L>L CSIR effect) No p~pesonante© \ if le oe o° 000000000000 999 9 Q 9 7FO ee ee ee ee => Radic stiength ¢ St depe nds onze a) Nature | Sulistituent b) Inductive effect 4 apoup ¢) Metemeric effect 4 gee A) Position Ades beep €) Orthe effect cds: 4 ae => Gathe effect r drrespective of nating 4 ep fers prank nt ele fetid Shuai cate ad vila the digg of the gtonp | ctent ok orthe pesthien f elect B acidic Abseng th an P ens =) A He ne. q Groups at ctthe postion *) ithe effect q audic nabare f warberylic acid f | i Ex: Je 7 a fi > " ze - = cen pie f Coon Ly wv 3 a -e Ceewt Coot ew oes ech Woy I [OVS CMs oO NV >WsG>O sp z tp Coo ots : ; on CCH, CHz Co emg ‘ey Ma DL g om B cout cooH Cee oon a NOv OQ No, uenntnnnnennnnnnrnane =wvvVvuMvVvvu eee vu uvewvwdwoewwewoeovueovdvvvvvt CcoH Coet- ¢ Coo Ceoy a a CooH ) 1o : ie 1, fe O aS . Y 2 OGH ou ( are iran ocn VY sy > 7 >i > ot! a \ CooH oH (oy ores MN ei > When vin ithe postion, the ee ane acidic i a GD Coot ; cco Coos , e ee, OCH cL +M SE -I +I Ge Now >t >i bp No COOH D Ox. Noe Coot Cpow On No, No, NO, I> >f >y with H-bond ot lege fv =) \ 5 3 2 AN, Oy© oi >t > i 4p pot prttion MoT fr haleens I>mM pt) Necture 4 dubstituent AP relive effect of goer meric oft +f yer oe substituent 4 Toh tc thon Nite ic than Nit qa NO, un por > - i b&b oo weae ae ee Oe ee —llllt—e P fin, T. NH, WL Ro NH by Ce) foorohi => In aliphatic amings RK your Js +I qroup Ik ineseases c denaity Basic nature =) In aromatic amin, Up f N aterm is petticipates in Con jug ation: ; ~ Basic natine v * Sathe effect decrucves bosic patie | amines. 1 in wr & Paes Ni ty Nov ° o ” S NO» 7 —) T>& > > i tT fi a NH Nth NA on 2 NOL NO mp eo a Gr Kean : © NO, ToPet ow ag T v ‘te Nip NH, NH, Mt, otytls , o Oy g le OGY T -f OC) He — Z EM Wood WoL yee OUUUbOe rVKFOVV I dc CH N= Cee Sit — SH cH, dn, cig ( Back bending’ DIn Se vacant ad erbitals ore ~prusert Lap 4 N ws uw» Conjugactizn with it t- -CH-N fl. CMe -cH= NH ST cH-ceNn Le CH Sent AL Oty ~ CH ED se L>f > CEN) ae ZT. y-E-Na SDH, N-C-NA i >L Aw f.. yi Eoin, CGnanidinn) — ahi E-in, = Guanidiine Ab rnetk Leadic » NH, NH, ek > Get 7 ae Y. Ol Soy Stew 1B CHa cH CH, ee ae ek —o o meg ro (site fpecty UY >0 ~~ r ‘ iH \ ie SC 7 G ) { 1 1@ o Se at . 4 > Order of acidic £tacnath 4 hupdrecatton n MH, - CH, Cdl, = CH, Uc=cH srt op sf ti >a mL >) badeor rl stability CH -cHh CH=CH CH =¢ M>f >t Onder 4 acidic Atacngth Clty CHa CH CH Ct CH Tae, e Hye H-CtR ol » a) a2eeeses @ ® wramets seems tee erence eee TEES = a ee ee ee CH, OF Chhy- CH-OH TO? > R-ou R-St = GT T. Cts-coot of. HCH Lom mL E-HLOOH Ff. coon l oe Coort LoL Ctly - CH - CHa ~Olt lL CHz OH H,0 R-oM CR other than ea i] — ® T> coon 2) o