University of Sargodha BS 7 Semester Examination 2022 * Subject: Mathematics -aper: Numerical Analysis-I (MATH-401) ‘Time Allowed: 2:30 Hours ‘Maximum Marks: 80 Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part, Objective Part (Compulsory) Ql. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each. (2 x 16) i) Define zero of a function, give example, ii) State fixed point theo- rem. ili) Define fixed point of a function. iv) Descibe differnce between relative and absolute error. v) Define linear equation and give exam- ples. vi) How Regula Falsi method works, explain vii) What is the difference between Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi method. viii) What is an ill-conditioned system. ix) Explain difference between Cholesky’s and Crout's method. x) Explain convergence criteria of bisection method. xi) How you define Eigen vector. xii) Descibe advantage of Regula Falsi method over Bisection method. xiii) Define Condition Number. xiv) Define norm of matrix. xv) What is the difference between direct and iterative methods. xvi) What is partial pivoting. Subjective Part. (3 x 16) Q2. Solve the system of linear equations using Doolittle’s Method. ztytz D+ Wy +22 at dy +32 Q3. Apply Jacobi method toSpproximate the solution by performing three iterations, 4x) + 22-23 2) + 322+ 2g 2x, + 2my +523 =1 Q4. Apply power method to find dominant eigen value and corresponding eigen vector of the matrix 41-2 23-1 Pale A Q5. Find a real root of the following non-linear equation using fixed point iteration of — 4a + 62? — 2.95 =0 Q6. Apply Newton Raphson procedure to find real root of the equation. 8 432?-1=0, [-3, -2] LK-6167University of Sargodha BS 7° Semester Examination 2022 Subject: Mathematics Paper: Number Theory (MATH-403) Time Allowed: 2:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 80 Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Q.1. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet. (2*16) i. Prove that ifn is any odd integer then 8 divides (n*-1). Define L.C.M. of two integers. Define Mobius function. Evaluate 9(9(500). Define linear congruence in one variable Prove transitive property of equivalence relation for congruences. Define prime number. Define order of an integer. Find G.C.D. of 35, 66, 205. Find primitive root of 5. Find residue classes of modulo 7 for remainder 3 and 6. Define complete residue system. Find sum and number of divisors of $4. Find the solution of the congruence 3x = 4 (mod5). xv. — State Euler's Criterion. xvi. Evaluate the following Legender symbols (-1/19) and (2/23). Subjective Part Q2. a) State and prove Euclid's theorem. (10) b) Find integral solutions of 69 x+111y = 9000. (06) Q3. a) If pis prime number then (p-1)! = -1 (mod p). (08) b) Ifa and b are non-zero integers and (2,b)=d then ( a/d, b/d) = (08) Q.4. a) A composite number n has a prime divisor < Va. (08) b) Solve the following congruence with the help of indices. (08) 17x2 = 10 (mod 29), provided that 2 is the primitive root of 29. QS. a) Prove that if is an integer and y,2>0 then ps/2I- besa) (08) b) Prove that all primitive solution of equation x°+ y= 2? are of the form. (08) xea?—b?, y=2ab and z=a*+b?, where (a,b)=1 and exactly one of the a and b is even. Q.6. a) State and prove Lagrange's theorem. oo ) Evaluate the following (-1457/2389).‘Time Allowed: University of Sargodha BS 7" Semester Examination 202: Subject: Mathematics Paper: Partial Differential Equations (MATH-405) :30 Hours Maximum Marks: 80 Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective part. Qs. Q6. Q7. Objective Part © (Compulsory) ‘Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet. 2°16) Define order of the partial differential equation. Define linear partial differential equation. Define Neumann boundary conditions. Formulate a boundary values problem that governs the heat conduction in a rod of constant cross section Aand length L that is insulated laterally and its two ends are perfectly insulated. Classify the equation tz, — 2uyy + Uyy = 0 as parabolic, hyperbolic or elliptic. Covert the partial differential equation 9H/,, = k9°t/.» into ordinary differential equation through suitable substitution. Verify that the function u(x, y) = x? — yis the solution of the equation ux + Uyy = 0. Give an example of a boundary value problem having Dirichlet boundary conditions. Write Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform of a function f(t). Find the Fourier transform of the function f(x) = e~*** Find the Fourier transform of derivative of f(¢). Convert the equation 3?u/dt? = c?(0*u/Ax*) into ordinary differential equation by Fourier transform. Define Laplace transform of a function. Show that Laplace transform of t” is nl/s™**, Find the Laplace transform of t?e%*, Find inverse Laplace transform of 1/s(s? + 1). Subjective Part (4*12) Derive the one dimensional wave equation, Solve the boundary value problem by the method of separation of variables. du/at = k 0?u/dx? O g* forall g¢G need not to be an automorphism. Find all sylow's 2-subgroups of D,. ‘Show that order of conjugacy class of permutation (1 2)(3 4) in A, is 15. LetG bea group. If H = {aeG:a" =I) isa subgroup, then show that His fully invariant. Define fully invariant with an example. Show by an example that a normal subgroup need not to be characteris If vis acycle of length k then show that order of ais aso k. Let H be a Characteristic subgroup of K and K be Characteristic subgroup of G. Then show that H is also Characteristic subgroup of G. Define External Direct Product. Define principe series in groups Find the number of automorphisms ofthe group Zy4. Express the permutation [(123)(145))” as a product of di Show that Aut Ze) has no element of order 4, subgroup. int cycles. Subjective Part (412) Define stabilizer subgroup of a group and find al stabilizer subgroups of| 1, (132)(465)(78), (132)(465), (123)(456), (123)(456)(78), (78)} State and prove Sylow's second theorem. ‘Show that every permutation is either a cycle or can be expressed as a product of disjoint cycles, except for the order ofthe cycles this expression is unique. Prove that isthe only proper normal subgroup of S, Find all Sylow’s 2-subgroups and Sylow's 3-subgroups of (a2, +)- Let Ge a group and ae G. Defined, :G> G by 6,(8)= aba for all 6 ¢G, then prove that 0GUniversity of Sargodha BS 7" Semester Exami ination 2022 Subject: Mathematics aper; Modern Algebra-I (MATH-409) Time Allowed: 2:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 80 Note: ive part. Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjecti Objective Part (Compulsory) + QL. Write short answers ofthe following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet, @n16) Show that fe) = 2x? + 4 is ireducible over Q but reducible over Write the irreducibility of pth cyeltomic polynomial. , ‘Whether the polynomial aS + tse" - 2x? + 10x + 20 is jmreducible over Q- Show thatthe ring of integers is Euclidean domain. Define Zero divisor. Define irreducible polynomial. State third Isomorphism Theorem. Define Prime Ideal domain with example. Show that ideal <4> of ring of integers is not prime ideal. Define prime element ofa ring with example. + Define simple ring with example. Define GCD in polynomials. Write the units of Gaussian integers. Find the : HCF of x? + 2x and 2x + 4 in Z[z]. Consider the matrix ring Mo(Zz), List all units in the ring. Find characteristic ofthe ring of polynomial Za[2]. Subjective Part (4*12) Q.2. a) Show that if R is an integral domain then R[x] is an integral domain. b) Show that i Fis a field then a non-zero polynomial f(x) € F[x] of degree n 2 O has at most n roots in field F. Q3. a) Let R bearing and f(x), 9(x) be two non-zero polynomials in R[x], then i. deg(f(x),g(x)) S max{degf (x), degg(x)} ii, deg(F)g()) S deg f(z) + dega(x). by Show that if F isa field and p(x) be an ireducible polynomial over F then F[z]/< p(x) > is field. Q4. a) Show that fF isa field and p(x) € Fx}, then < p(x) > is maximal ideal in F(x] iff p(x) is reducible over F b) Let f(x) € Z[x]. Show that if f(x) is reducible over Q then itis reducible over Z. Q.5. a) Show that in a PID, an element is reducible iff iti prime. b) Show that Z, the ring of integers is PID. Q.6. a) Show that every field is a UFD. by Show that if Fis afield and let p(x), a(x),b(x) € F[x). If p(@) is reducible over F and p(x)|a(x)b(x) then p(x)|ax) or p()IbG). Q.7. a) Show that every ED is UFD. b) Show that a field has no proper ideal. ~-- LK-6210 —