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The Oxford Advanced American Dictionary is an advanced-level monolingual dictionary for learners of American English. It includes 145,000 words, phrases, and meanings and 85,500 examples showing how words are used. Choose ‘American English’ from the search box options to look up words in this dictionary. Easily find any word: use the search
box, follow links within entries and see other results for your search word.

Check pronunciation: American English pronunciation is included at every entry, with a written transcription and accompanying audio. All definitions and example sentences are suitable for learners of American English. Sample entry Use the colour illustrations to explore related words and phrases. Expand the usage notes to find out how words and
phrases are used in context. See which words are on the Oxford 3000 and AWL lists. Sample entry What is African American English? African American English (AAE) is the variety of English spoken by African Americans. AAE, with its roots in African languages and creoles, has been a major influence on the development of English vocabulary,
particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries, contributing full categories of words and phrases that have had a profound impact on the way that English is used in the United States and the rest of the world. A large body of research has shown AAE to be a distinct, rule-governed, systematic, robust, and stable language variety with much depth for
serious linguistic scholarship and documentation.

Its lexical features are the results of the natural evolution of a living language used by a people with a rich, diverse history and vibrant culture. How has the vocabulary of African American English been documented? Since the early 20th century, there have been several attempts to document the AAE lexicon in dictionaries and glossaries. In 1938,
jazz bandleader and singer Cab Calloway published Cab Calloway’s Hepster’s Dictionary, considered to be the first dictionary to be written by an African American. A similar work of around the same time is Hepcats Jive Talk Dictionary, by Lou Shelley, published in 1945. Taking a wider view was Clarence Major’s Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-
American Slang, which was published in 1994 with this title, but was originally published as the Dictionary of Afro-American Slang in 1970. As its title suggests, Major’s dictionary covers AAE slang from as early as the 18th century—juba being a dance performed by enslaved people from the 1790s—to contemporary times, as represented by jive.
Other works documenting African American slang are The Third Ear by Herese E. Roberts (1971), Lexicon of Black English (1977) by Joey Dillard, and the more recent African-American Slang by Maciej Widawski (2015), which features a glossary with definitions and example sentences. Another noteworthy dictionary is Black Talk: Words and Phrases
from the Hood to the Amen Corner by Geneva Smitherman, published in 1994 and revised in 2000. Again, as suggested by its title, Smitherman’s dictionary contains words and phrases that are used in both secular and religious environments. There are also some works that record the lexicon of specific African American subcultures. Notable
examples are Edith Folb’s Runnin’ Down Some Lines: The Language and Culture of Black Teenagers (1980), an ethnographic survey of the vocabulary of black teenagers in south central Los Angeles, and two dictionaries of hip-hop: Street Talk: Da Official Guide to Hip-Hop and Urban Slanguage by Randy “Mo Betta” Kearse (2006) and the online
dictionary The Right Rhymes by Matt Kohl (2013-). Some general dictionaries of English also include coverage of lexical items characteristic of AAE. The Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) and several volumes of the Publication of the American Dialect Society (PADS) explicitly label their entries for words used by African Americans
during certain time periods. The Oxford English Dictionary also contains hundreds of entries that it identifies as being exclusively, chiefly, and/or originally in African American usage. What is the Oxford Dictionary of African American English? The Oxford Dictionary of African American English (ODAAE) is a dictionary based on historical principles
documenting the lexicon of AAE. The dictionary will be based on examples of African American speech and writing spanning the whole documented history of AAE. What is a historical dictionary? A historical dictionary is very different from dictionaries of current English, in which the focus is on present-day meanings. You will still find present-day
meanings in a historical dictionary, but you will also find the history of individual words, and of the language as a whole. One of the world’s most renowned historical dictionaries is the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), widely regarded as the definitive record of the English language. The OED shows the full history of the English lexicon, traced
through over three million quotations illustrating more than 600,000 entries. To learn more about the OED, click here. To learn more about the OED’s work on different varieties of English spoken around the world, click here. Will the ODAAE take a descriptive or prescriptive approach? The ODAAE will be an evidence-based, descriptive dictionary,
like the OED. Its purpose is not to influence what words are used, or how they are used, but to provide a record of how language is being used. How will the ODAAE team track the development of AAE? Historical lexicography is based on the principle that entries should be based on actual linguistic fact, chiefly drawn from examples illustrating
contemporary usage over different periods of time. The practice of historical lexicography thus requires developing and analyzing a large and representative corpus of evidence. An essential part of the ODAAE project is the development and maintenance of evidence resources to support lexicographical analysis and description. Entries in the ODAAE
will be supported by quotation evidence with real examples of words in use shown throughout the documented record.
The primary function of these quotations will be to illustrate the way a word or sense is used through its history from its earliest use to the present day. Just as OED entries are exemplified by quotations from names such as William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and George Orwell, the entries in ODAAE will be illustrated by quotations from figures such
as William Wells Brown, W. E. B. Du Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, Ralph Ellison, Martin Luther King, Jr., Toni Morrison, John Edgar Wideman, and August Wilson. The work of African American artists and musicians will also be represented, as lyrics from jazz, blues, hip-hop, and R&B can provide quotation evidence just as much as
novels, essays, poems, and plays. The role of African Americans in shaping the vocabulary of their language will also be highlighted by quotations taken from sources such as slave narratives, letters, diaries, newspaper and magazine articles, even posts on “Black Twitter”. When will this project end? The initial phase of the project will last for
three years, with the dictionary currently slated for release in 2025. How can I stay informed about the project? You can sign up to a newsletter specifically for the ODAAE by filling out the form in the ‘Sign up to receive news about the ODAAE’ tab above.. Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! # symbol $ symbol % symbol
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