Y An Architect's TU aT: Te ee be Fire Coie of the Philipines of 2008 and its IRR ARCH. EDISON CHING M. PADILLA ARCH. FERDINAND B. ESTEPA 2015, FIRST EDITION ea ee ee) | ee eePE iA ed ‘Arch, Edison Ching M. Padilla and Arch, Ferdinand B, Estepa Philippine Copy'ight ® 2015 by ‘Arch. Edison Ching M. Padila ard ‘ ‘Arch, Ferdinand B. Estepa Manda, Philippines i i ‘All rights reserved, No partof this publicabion may ba cor ullized in any form or by any means, electronic including photocopying, recording, or by any infor and retrieval system, withaul patos wrilten porminsige! authorsipublishers. NOTICE CONCERNING LIABILITY: Fubsoation of thik WOK the purpese of circulating Information and ‘oploion ame coaberved for budding planeing and dunigi, fire and felajod subjects, While every effort hag bean made Ho lity, neathor tha muiord, conterbulony An tantoo the accuRey or complolenaes Of i i ‘work cf high any lability ‘Contained in this work. The authors, coniibulon snd ai ‘shall in no ewedl be Mable for any porsonal Injury, ppaperty at damages of any nature whathoover, whather special, M Consequential, of coeponsatory, ditwctty et indirectly thie publication, use of or reBence upon thin work This work is published with the understand) ag authors, contributors and consultants to 1his wrath aro 9 information and opinion but are not mtteespfing to reReer ‘ongineering or otber professional services. I allch requirnd, the assistance of an appropriate protanslonal sought ie io a Printed in the Philippines using FUJITEG INKS First Printing 2085 wow W An Architect's ILLUSTRATED GUIDE to R.A. 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 and its IRR PRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS ARCH. EDISON CHING M. PADILLA ARCH. FERDINAND B. ESTEPA 2015 FIRST EDITIONDEDICATION ip Wi ibTABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Vil Acknowledgement ix Foreword xi Introduetion xii I. An Architect’s ILLUSTRATED GUIDE to R.A. 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 and its IRR) PRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS Chapter 2 - Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities DIVISION 5- MEANS OF EGRESS, Section 10,2.5.1 Application 2 Section 10.2.5.2 General Provisions 3 Protective Enclosure 6 Capacity of Means of Egress 10 Minimum Width 1 Occupant Load im Number of Means of Egress 12 Arrangementof Exits 13 Dead End Limits 14 Measurement of Travel Distance to Exit 15 Access to Exits 16 Discharge to Exit 17 Headroom 18 Section 10.2.5.3 Doors 19. Locks, Latches, Alarm Devices 21 Swing and Force to Open. ee Door Width and Floor Level 23 Panic Hardware 24 MaintenanceSection 102.5.4 Stairs Dimensional Criteria 27 Smokeproof Enclosures Section'10.2.5.11 Illumination of Means of Epress Section 10.2.5,12 Exit Markings 13 Emergency Es Notes Aboutthe Authors:re 4 No Relea aa on Means of Egress, to esteemed individuals and organizations: bership; their support and assistance since the conceptualization of this book. help and involvement have been invaluable in completing this book. this book. students, aspirants and design professionals safety provisions of RA9S14 being a Fire Safety Enforcement Section Chief. (Freeware) for this book. USA to be used as reference materials in the completion of this book. and proof-reading. in this project. We owe the completion of this book, An Architect’s Mlustrated Guide to R.A. 9514- Primer The United Architects of the Philippines (UAP), the Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects ([APOA) National Officers and General Mem- Bureau of Fire Protection OIC Gen. Carlito $. Romero (Ret), Gen. Rodrigo Abrazaldo, (+)Engr. Nelson S. Se, Sr., Engr. Mariano V. Joseph, Engr. Ariel T. Miranda, Col. Edwin ©. Co (Ret), Capt. Jan Gary D. Lunas and Capt. Estrella-Luz M. Lantion - for Arch. Rozanno C. Rosal, FUAP - who served as adviser in this endeavor, whose Arch. Maria Elena Carlos-Cayanan, FUAP, ASEAN ARCHITECT - who spent sleepless nights and offered her time in correcting, editing and proof-reading the contents of Arch. Norma I. Alarcon, FUAP - who provided valuable insights, advise and encouragement to continue this research project as it is a very useful reference to all Maj. Felix F. Abad, BEP - who unselfishly shared his insights and expertise in fire Ms, Jessele L. Lapena, UAPSA - who tirelessly converted all the manual sketches and drawings to computerized three-dimensional drawings using Google™ SkeichUp ‘Mr. Domingo Manozo - who continuously sent updates and publications from the Ms. Liezel Fulgencio - who served as project coordinator and editorial manager, organizing and collating files to and from the layout artists, composing and editing, checking Mr. Edward Thomas M. Padilla - who served as the liaison officer and coordinator ‘Thank you very much for all your work, patience, understanding and sacrifices.FOREWORD The old maxim, “Iwo heads are better than one” best exemplifies the distinct collaboration between Architects Ed Padilla and Banger Estepa in the creation of their first book, “An Architect’s Illustrated Guide to R.A. 9514 PRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS.” Architect Ed participated and completed the first United Architects ofthe Philippines (UAP) Fire Safety Practitioners and Enforcers Training conducted by Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) National Office in 2009. ‘This was the time when R.A. 9514’s Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was being completed. Architect Banger followed suit in 2010. Architect Ed held the chairmanship of UAP’s Committee on Fire and Construction Safety for almost three terms. He also chaired UAP’s Fire Safety Practitioner’s Training Committee for two terms. With Architect Banger as his co-chair in these committees, both of them had the firsthand exposure: on the hardships and problems in the implementation of R.A. 9514, specifically on the part of design professionals and the enforcers. They decided to come up with a book that could easily explain the fire code through graphic illustrations. Having in mind that since both of them are practitioners of the same field of specialization, and that they fortunately share the same advocacy on fire safety, they thought that perhaps they could provide reference to other design professionals in accurately) understanding the provisions writen on he code, This way, archilesteand dei utes sould necporne oman Their initial idea to simply, provide three dimensional visual presentations ofthe provisions of the code, forensy understanding, took thom more than three years before they have finally accomplished this very ‘helpful and timely book, Their mutual stance is that, all design projects ean become compliant with the Fire Code without limiting the creative process if the provisions are wel-comprebended by concemed design professionals and enforcers as well. This book is intended to be useful to architects, design professionals and enforcers, as well as to the general public. This will be their USER- FRIENDLY reference on R.A, 9514 provsions on Meansof Egress. ee pr oe {ntemational FIRE and LIFE SAFETY Codes. Inthe Philipines the inrrationa standards such sth National Fire Profetion Agency (NEPA) ‘The key to the successful implementation of all the local and ‘international eodesand the compliance to such standards rely on the architect's depth of knowledge, training, and understanding of the said technical field, Designing or planning using R.A.9514, enables an architect to prevent an emergency from happening on his designed projeet, before it isactually built‘This book provides a Visual presentation and an overall view on the: provisions ofR.A..9514, focusing on MEANS OF EGRESS and itseompliance OBJECTIVES OF THIS BOOK; 1, To be knowledgeable on R.A. 9514 or Fire Code of the P provisions to understand various approaches of compliance eo technologies in fire science by the design professionals and ee ice F and properties. 2 rosea saul nl sep a tes 2 beat par with global standards in terms of planning, designing, and upha public safety as itis being incorporated in the design. 3. Toembed the value of FIRE and LIFE SAFETY not just for c and as part of the planning and design process butas a WAY OF LIF nation builders who are the forefronts in the developement of the | PU ie Cte ey ILLUSTRATED GUIDE Oe LTT Et PRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESSays CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITICS DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS APPLICATION DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS DEFINITION SECTION 102.51 MEANS OF EGRESS Application -is a CONTINUOUS and UNOBSTRUCTED SecrOn mize rea (ty) toute of EXIT from one paint in a building, structure Se er nso cain fae ae or faclity to a PUBLIC WAY. inal ootpancies ty Ovens a SECTION 70.2.5.2 ee G Provi SECTION 10.2.52Para(A) _. Exit components shall be PERMISSIBLE EXIT COMPONENTS ‘constructed as an integral ‘An exit shall consist of the approved part of the building or shall be components that are described, regulated ® permanently affixed thereto. and limited as to use... ~ Section 10.253 DOORS Section 10.25.4 STAIRS, SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURES Section 10.255 OUTSIDE STAIRS Section 10.2.6.6 HORIZONTAL EXITS Section 1025.7 RAMPS 10.258 EXIT PASSAGEWAY SECTION 10.2.5.{ Para (8) ‘Any change, alteration or addition that would reduce the Hikistreted Guide to R.PRIMER OD CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS DEFINITION 1. EXIT ACCESS - that portion of means of egress which leads to an entrance to an exit. CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS Lb) aed me) MEANS OF EGRESS CONSISTS OF THREE (3) SEPARATE AND. DISTINCT PARTS: HORIZONTAL EXIT — a way of passage through a fire barrier to an area of refuge on approximately the same level,CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES CHAPTER 2 = FIRE SAFETY TN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS —— DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS = SECTION 10.25 2 Para (B)(1) PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE OF EXITS ee ond - __ he construction of the separation shall = meet the following requirements: m : — % = 1 ——— —s fs Section 10.2.5.2 Para B(1)(a) The separation shall have al least one (1) hour fire || resistance rating when the | ~ exit connects three (3) [F= = ; eas a storeys or less, regardless an 2HRS connecet ot) SO = Section 10.2.5.2 Para B(1)(0) A below the storey at which the L. exit discharge beans’ The separation shall have at least two (2) hour fire resistance rating when the exit connects four (4) storeys or more, whether above or below the floor of discharge. It shall be constructed of noncombustible materials and shall be supported by construction having at least ‘a two (2) hour fire resistance rating.PINs ae) DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS. CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES GENERAL PROVISION i SECTION 10.2161 e Construction and Compartmentation i Secs: ane Band Suction 10.2.6.1 Para(B) anise “ Appropriate provision'of | __tevaenwaineat : P.D.1096 and its IRR_ [ee (NBC) shall be used to determine the requirements for the construction classifications. BES Es includes additions) ition sification of the Avast 4c ect ra. mnt ra em a \siony trae ‘q, Seotion 10.2.5.2 Para(B)(2) ' No exit enclosure shall be used for any purpose other than for MEANS OF CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS GENERAL PROVISION Section 10.2.5.2 Para(B)(4)(c) Any opening in the separation wall/ construction shall be protected by an APPROVED SELF-CLOSING FIRE RESISTIVE DOOR.CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS Es DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS CAPACITY — MINIMUM WIDTH SECTION 10.2! CAPACITY OF MEANS OF EGRESS ‘The egress capacity for approved components of means of egress shall ba based on the capacity factors shown in Table 1. SECTION 10.2.5.2 Para (F) The width of any means of egress shall not be less than NINE. HUNDRED FIFTEEN MILLIMETERS (915mm) : : except when specifically provided under Division 8 to ____GOMPUTATION ace : Division 17 of the IRR of RA 9514. Assume: Width of Stairway is 0.0m, Capacity Factor, say 0.0076m; that will 2 — SECTOR ESI) -_ 118 PERSONS PER MINUTE can exit usi heres yey oe stainwayPRIMER. ON MEANS OF EGRESS ETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES - MEANS OF EGRESS NUMBER OF EXITS SECTION 10,2.5.2Para(GH1) NUMBER DIVISION ee EGRESS The Sere A eiis ol egress from any balcony, mezzanine, storey, or portion thereof shall not be less than TWO (2), except when specifically provided under Division 8 to Division 47 of the IRR of RA 9514. SECTION (0.2.5.2 Para (G)(2) NUMBER OF ME) IEANS OF EGRESS reof is MORE When the occupant load for any storey or portion the THAN FIVE HUNDRED (500) bu pt more than ONE THOUSANS (4000), the means of egress shall not be less than THREE (3); in excess thereof, the means of egress shall not be less than FOUR (4); ig Tf Velcro atlas ee oi aad Te eae ea PRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS ARRANGEMENT OF EXIT SECTION 10.2.5.2 Para (Hifayb) ARRANGEMENT OF EXIT When TWO (2) exits or exit access doors are required, they shall be located at a distance from one another NOT LESS THAN ONE-HALF (1/2) of the length of the maximum over-all diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served, measured in a straight line between the nearest edge of the exit doors or exit automatic erinkien system, the minimum separation distance between TWO exits or exit access doors measured in accordance with Para(b) hereof shall NOT BE LESS THAN ONE- THIRD (4/3} the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served. eo eee CL ue la ea iadSRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRES DRIMER ON MEANS © CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS DEAD-END LIMITS a SECTION 10.25 2Para (0) MEASUREMENT OF TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXIT SEC peAD-eND wits A= = wee ‘Means of egress shall be so r ‘arranged that hoon io q Starting from the most remote END POCKETS, hallways, ag point of the room or area and corridors, passage ways or courts , ending where the exit begins ig 4 tae ‘ SECTION 10.2.5.2 Fara specified in individual occupancies MEASUREMENT OF TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXT by Division 8 through 17, Ee = The travel distance to an exit shall be measured on the floor or other walking surface along the center line of the natural pall of travel, starting from the most remote point subject to occupancy, curving around any —s comer or construction with a thirty (30) centimeter clearance therefrom, Section 10.2.5.2 Para H(5) and ending at the center of the doorway or other point at which the ARRANGEMENT OF EXIT —= exit begins. Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be taken in the place of the tread nosing, Interlocking or —— ' scissor stairs shall ® be considered only _—= asa SINGLE EXIT = for new buildings. Meee re co ate tae Tian eer eater Pee er kel Lae IRRPRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS SECTION 10.2.5.2 Para (K)(1) ACCESS TO EXITS A door from a room to an exit or toa way of exit access shall be of the side-hinged, swinging type. It shall ca PRIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS: CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS = SECTION 10.2.6.2 Para (M)(1) “DISCHARGE FROM EXITS All exits shall terminate = directly at a public way val = f or at an exit discharge. =. Yards, courts, open space, or other portions of the exit discharge shall be of required width and size to provide all occupants with a safe access to a public way. Paro SECTION 10.2.5.2 Para (MI(3)_ DISCHARGE FROM EXITS ‘Stairs and olher exits shall be so aranged Re ee ee ee a tree ae‘CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS HEADROOM SECTION 10:2:5.2 Para (N) HEADROOM The minimum headroom shall not be less than two. meters (2m) nor any projection from the ceiling be less than two meters (2m) from the floor. SECTION 10.2.5.2 Para (P) INTERIOR FINISH IN EXITS The flame spread of interior finish shall not exceed Class B in accordance with Section 10.2.6.3 of this IRR in exit enclosures except when allowed in Division 8 through 17 of this Section. fee foe RIMER ON MEANS OF EGRESS CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS DOORS SECTION 70.2.5.3 Doors SECTION 10.2 5.3 Para (A)(1) APPLICATION A door assembly, including the deonway, frame, door, and necessary hardware, may be used as 4 component in a means of egress when it conforms to the general fequirements of Sechon 10.2.5.2 af this IRR and to the specific requirements of this Secton, SECTION (0.2.5.3 Pa (B)(t) Any DOOR in.a means of egress shall be of the side- hinged or pivoted- swinging type. ..DOORS required to be of the side-hinged or pivoted- swinging type shall syring in the direction of egress travel where serving a room or area with an occupant load of fifty (50) or more persons. SECTION 10,2.5:3P ore 8/21 A DOOR shall swing inthe direction of egress travel when used in an exit enclosure or where serving a high hazard contents area... SECTION 70.2.5.3 Pam (AN3) APPLICATION The door assembly required by this Section shall comply with the fire protection rating and, where fated, ts self-closing of aulomatic-closing by means of smoke detection in accordance with Section 10.2.5.3 para “G" of this IRR, and is installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. Cieee CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS Section 10.2.5.3 Para B(2) SWING AND FORCE TO OPEN «DOORS SHALL NOT OPEN DIRECTLY ONTO ASTAIR WITHOUT A LANDING. The landing shall have a width not less than the width of the door. CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS SECTION 10.253 Para(C)(2} LOCKS, LATCHES, ALARM DEVICES A latch of other fastenang device on a door shall be provided with a knob, handle, panic bar. or other simple type releasing device, the method of operation of which is obvious, ‘even in darkness. ‘SECTION 107.5 3 Para(GHa) aa LOCKS, LATCHES, ALARM DEVICES FIRE EXT __ Adoordesigned to be kept normally closed ina means. - | of egress, suct/as @ door to a stair of horizontal exit, shall be provided with a reliable self-closing mechanism in accordance with paraG of this Section, | and shall not at any time be secured in the opan position. A door designed to be kept normally closed shall bear a sign feading substantially as follows; reo Regular KEEP DOOR CLOSED _| rie t Luminous: : EEP DOOR es 7 i _ CLOSED __| SECTION 10.2.8.3 Para ici(4) LOCKS, LATCHES, ALARM DEVICES There shall be re-entry mechanism every four(4) floors that provide a way out of the stainway. SECTION 10.2.5.3 Parn (C)6) Doors not allowing te-entry shall be provided with a sign indicating the location of the nearest door, in each direction of travel that allows re-entry or exit. | NO RE-ENTRY FLOORCHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS 7 =) Section 10.2.5.9 Pam (B)(2) SWING AND FORGE TO OPEN ..During its swing, any door in a means of egress shall LEAVE NOT LESS THAN ONE-HALF OF THE REQUIRED WIDTH of an aisle, comdor, passageway, of landing, UNOBSTRUCTED and SHALL NOT PROJECT MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT MILLIMETERS (176 MM) INTO THE REQUIRED WIDTH of an aise, corridor, passageway, or landing, when fully open. WALL Force needed to open is not more than 7kg, FULLY OPEN HALLWAY ONE-HALF OF THE REQUIRED WIDTH CHAPTER 2 - FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES. DIVISION 5 - MEANS OF EGRESS ‘Séetion 10.2.5. Para (EN(4) WIDTH AND FLOOR LEVEL Door openings in means of egress shall not be less than seventy ‘one centimeters (71 cm) In clear width. When.a pair of deors is: provided, nol lass than one of the doors shall provide at least seventy ‘one centimeters (71 cm) clear width opening. SECTION 10.2.5.3 Para (E}(2) No single door in a doorway shall exceed one hundred twenty two contimetors (122 cm) in width. s (1.3 cm) in M.exoess of si RA