BIODEGADATION OF PESTICIDES USING NITROGEN FIXATION

BACTERIA (BIOFERTILIZER) AND EFFECT ON PLANT

INTRODUCTION

The breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms is known as biodegradation. This

process may take a few days, weeks, or perhaps years, depending on the substance.
Biodegradation helps the substances disintegrate into less dangerous and also reduce the
environmental effect of products that are released into the environment as water, biomass, and
CO2. It also aids in recyclability since it makes it simpler to recover and reuse raw materials at
the end of a product's lifespan.

Pesticides are the chemicals which are used to protect plants against pests, illnesses, and weeds
to improve the quality of food items. Active constituents in pesticides which will pollute the soil
environment and have an adverse effect on the microorganisms that live in soil which acts
symbiotic nitrogen fixers. And also disrupt the proper flow of biochemical processes in soil
biogeochemical cycles. Over use of pesticide buildup adversely effects on soil enzymes, which
are crucial catalysts affecting the habitat of soil microorganisms and also inhibit the nitrogen
fixation. Due to the structural complexity and wide range of breakdown mechanisms it is easy to
assess the enzymatic and microbial responses (Rajmohan et al 2020). The quantity of pesticide
that affects the soil varies depending on the soil's physiology, soil humidity, temperature,
sunshine, and plants (Arias-Este´vez et al 2008).

Biofertilizers are organic fertilisers made of microbial biomass. Biofertilizers are triggered by
interactions with seeds or soil in the rhizosphere. Biofertilizer are used on soil which promote
plant growth and development by increasing the availability of nutrients or helpful living
bacteria which helps to undergo the nitrogen fixation. Biofertilizers used in the fields to resist
pesticides lethal effects (Warjan et al 2020).

There are currently about 7 billion people on the planet, and by the year 2020, that number is
predicted to increase to about 8 billion (Conway 2012). Feeding the vast population at the
moment which will certainly grow presents a big difficulty. Due to the extensive use of chemical
fertilisers in agriculture, which also significantly harms the environment (Sujanya 2011). In
terms of the rising need for healthy food supplies by using Biofertilizer which also increases the
soil fertility. To know how biofertilizers will aid in the degradation of pesticides in the soil and
minimise pesticides adverse effects on biological soil activity. Examine how pesticides alter
when conjugated with biofertilizers and influence on the microbial habitats and enzymatic
activity in soil.

OBJECTIVES:

 Isolation and identification of nitrogen fixation bacteria

 Degradation of pesticides using isolated bacteria
 Optimize the degradation of pesticides
 Effect of nitrogen fixation bacteria on plants and its analysis metabolism

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Isolation and identification of nitrogen fixation bacteria

 Collection of soil samples

 Isolation of nitrogen fixation bacteria using selective media
 Screening for degradation of pesticides
 Identification of microbes or pesticide degrading bacteria

Degradation of pesticides using isolated bacteria

 Bioremediation

Optimize the degradation of pesticides

 Effect of temperature
 Effect of pH
 Effect of Incubation time

Effect of nitrogen fixation bacteria on plants and its analysis of metabolism

 nitrate reductase,
 nitrite reductase,
  glutamine synthase,
 glutamate dehydrogenase

 Glutathione reductase (GR)

 Ascorbate peroxidase (APX)

CONCLUSION:

Biofertilizers will combat the deadly effects of pesticides. Biofertilizers are utilized in the
biological system for naturally occurring nutrient mobilisation, which greatly boosts soil fertility
and crop productivity by increasing the symbiotic nitrogen fixers which encounter the nitrogen
fixation to promote plant growth and development.

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