BC220409454

Assigiment no .1

Pak301

Fall 2022

 “Indian National Congress always claimed to be representative of all the segments

of Indian society”; Keeping in view of this statement, critically evaluate the
emergence of All India Muslim League as a counterforce. Justify your answer with
five valid points. (5 Marks)

1. Congress' indifferent attitude towards Muslims: The All India National Congress was a
predominantly Hindu body. Her interests were always at odds with those of the Muslims.
By 1906 the Muslim leaders were convinced that they must have their own party which
could speak for the community on all important occasions.

2. Educational and Economic Backwardness: Muslims lagged far behind Hindus in

education and economic progress. Educational and economic conditions could only be
improved by establishing a separate Muslim organization that could represent the wishes
of Muslims.

3. Urdu-Hindi Debate: The Urdu-Hindi Debate started with the demand of Hindus to
replace Urdu with Hindi as the official language in the Deva Nagari Script. Sir Anthony
Macdonal, the then Governor of UP, banished Urdu from public office. Congress clearly
sided with Hindi and supported the anti-Urdu movement and there was no other political
party that supported Urdu. Thus, the need to form a Muslim political party was strongly
felt.

4. Save the Muslim entity: The belief expressed by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan that Muslims are
somehow a separate entity. Muslims did not believe that Hindus and Muslims were one
nation. They differ in religion, history, languages and civilization. It became essential for
Muslims to establish their own political party.

5. 4. Development of Minto Marley's reforms: The turning point came in the summer of
1906 during John Morley's budget speech in which he hinted at constitutional reforms. At
 that time Muslims had no political platform to claim their share. It was reaffirmed that
they wanted a separate political platform.

 What socio-political contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan made him a ‘saviour’ of
the Muslims of Sub-continent amid British Raj? Explain your answer with five
relevant points. (10 Marks)

1 Sir Syed khan, the father of the two nation theory, started the Aligarh movement
because he wanted to revive Islam and the conditions of Muslims in the
subcontinent. After the War of Independence in 1857, the British criticized
Muslims as the main culprits of the war and began to provide greater
representation and relaxation to Hindus and Sikhs by giving them more jobs in
government services. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan believed that in order to improve the
situation of the Muslims, he must first resolve the misunderstanding between the
British and the Muslims. He founded the Aligarh movement so that Muslims
could educate themselves and fight sophisticatedly for their rights
1) Sir Syed's objective was to sway the British to become more understanding of the
Muslims and
2) their hardships. For Muslims, his goal was to open their minds to European literature,
science,
3) and technology. So, to attain these goals, Sir Syed launched the Aligarh Movement.
4) Sir Syed's objective was to sway the British to become more understanding of the
Muslims and
5) their hardships. For Muslims, his goal was to open their minds to European literature,
science,
6) and technology. So, to attain these goals, Sir Syed launched the Aligarh Movement.
2 Sir Syed's objective was to sway the British to become more understanding of the
Muslims and their hardships. For Muslims, his goal was to open their minds to
European literature, science, and technology. So, to attain these goals, Sir Syed
launched the Aligarh Movement.

3 Seeing the plight of Muslims under British and Hindu oppression, Sir Syed began
his attempts to revive the conditions of the Muslim community. He believed that
Muslims failed to realize that mankind had advanced to an era of science and
learning. Modernization therefore became the main objective of his movement for
the revival of Indian Muslims
4 Sir Syed started an educational program to uplift the deprived Muslims who had
lost their past glory. In 1859, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established a school for
Muslims in Murdabad where English, Persian, Islamic, Arabic and Urdu were
compulsory subjects

5 In 1864, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan laid the foundation of a scientific society at
Ghazipur. The purpose of this company was to translate English books into Urdu.
But later in 1866, after its shift to Aligarh, the head office of the scientific society
was also shifted to Aligarh and he created the Aligarh Institute.