Moment Strength

Moment strength of shapes is functions of the unbraced length, Lb, defined as

the distance between points of lateral support, or bracing.
1. If the unbraced length Lb is no greater than Lp , the beam is considered to
have full support (No Instability) Mn = Mp

2. If Lb is greater than Lp but less than Lr, the strength is based on inelastic LTB
𝑳𝒃 𝑳𝒑
Mn = 𝑪𝒃 𝑴𝒑 𝑴𝒑 𝟎. 𝟕𝑭𝒚𝑺𝒙 𝑴𝒑
𝑳𝒓 𝑳𝒑

3. If Lb is greater Lr,the strength is based on elastic LTB Mn = FcrSx ≤ Mp

𝑪𝒃𝝅𝟐𝑬 𝑱𝒄 𝑳𝒃 𝟐
Fcr =  𝟏 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟖
𝑳𝒃⁄𝒓𝒕𝒔 𝟐 𝑺𝒙𝒉𝒐 𝒓𝒕𝒔

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Summary Moment Strength
Procedure for computation of nominal moment strength for I‐ shaped
sections bent about the x – axis:
1. Determine whether the shape is compact
2. If the shape is compact λ ≤ λp, no need to check FLB (flange local
buckling) and WLF (web local buckling)
Check for lateral‐ torsional buckling (LTB) as follows
𝑬
Lp = 1.76ry
𝑭𝒚

𝑬 𝑱𝒄 𝑱𝒄 𝟐 𝟎.𝟕𝑭𝒚 𝟐
Lr = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝟔. 𝟕𝟔
𝟎.𝟕𝑭𝒚 𝑺𝒙𝒉𝒐 𝑺𝒙𝒉𝒐 𝑬

• If Lb ≤ Lp, there is no LTB, and Mn = Mp

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Summary Moment Strength
• If Lp < Lb ≤ Lr, there is inelastic LTB, and
𝑳𝒃 𝑳𝒑
Mn = 𝑪𝒃 𝑴𝒑 𝑴𝒑 𝟎. 𝟕𝑭𝒚𝑺𝒙 𝑴𝒑
𝑳𝒓 𝑳𝒑

• If Lb > Lr, there is elastic LTB, and Mn = FcrSx ≤ Mp

𝑪𝒃𝝅𝟐𝑬 𝑱𝒄 𝑳𝒃 𝟐
Fcr =  𝟏 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟖
𝑳𝒃⁄𝒓𝒕𝒔 𝟐 𝑺𝒙𝒉𝒐 𝒓𝒕𝒔

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Summary Moment Strength
3. If the shape is non‐compact because of flange λp < λ ≤ λr, , the nominal 
strength will be the smaller of the strengths corresponding to flange local 
buckling and lateral torsional buckling
a. Flange Local Buckling: 
𝒑
Mn =  𝑴𝒑 𝑴𝒑 𝟎. 𝟕𝑭𝒚𝑺𝒙
𝒓
𝒑
b. Lateral‐ Torsional Buckling
• If Lb ≤ Lp, there is no LTB, and Mn = Mp
• If Lp < Lb ≤ Lr, there is inelastic LTB, and
𝑳𝒃 𝑳𝒑
Mn = 𝑪𝒃 𝑴𝒑 𝑴𝒑 𝟎. 𝟕𝑭𝒚𝑺𝒙 𝑴𝒑
𝑳𝒓 𝑳𝒑
• If Lb > Lr, there is elastic LTB, and Mn = FcrSx ≤ Mp

𝑪𝒃𝝅𝟐𝑬 𝑱𝒄 𝑳𝒃 𝟐
Fcr =  𝟏 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟖
𝑳𝒃⁄𝒓𝒕𝒔 𝟐 𝑺𝒙𝒉𝒐 𝒓𝒕𝒔
XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Nominal Bending Strength of Compact Sections
Example 2.0
Select an ASTM A992 W-shape beam with a simple span of 35 feet
(10.67m). Limit the member to a maximum nominal depth of 18 in
(460mm). Limit the live load deflection to L/360. Live load of 0.75 kip/ft
(3.34 kN/m) . The nominal loads are a uniform dead load of 0.45 kip/ft (2
kN/m) and a uniform braced.
• Wu = 1.2DL+1.6LL
• Wu = 7.744 kN/m

Mu = 110.206 kN-m
1
Mn = 122.451 kN-m M u  Wu L2
8
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Nominal Bending Strength of Compact Sections
• For continuously braced beam, Lb = 0
E = 200000 MPa E
fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) ASTM 992 LP  1.76ry
fy
Lp = 42.375 ry
If L b  L p then NO LTB
Try  W460x97
For W460X97
M n  M p  Fy Z x
ry = 42.9 mm   Zx =2179000 mm3 Ixx = 445x106 mm4
Lp = 1817 mm
Mn = 345(2179000) = 751755000 N‐mm
Mn =  676.58 kN‐m > 110.206 kN‐m 
`

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Nominal Bending Strength of Compact Sections
• Check for deflection:
• Allowable deflection = L/360 = 29.638 mm

• Actual deflection:
• Y = 14.684 mm
Conclusion:
W460x97 satisfies flexural and deflection requirements.

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Nominal Bending Strength of Compact Sections
• For continuously braced beam, Lb = 0
E = 200000 MPa E
LP  1.76ry
fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) ASTM 992 fy
If L b  L p then NO LTB
Try  W460x82 M n  M p  Fy Z x
For W460X82
ry = 42.4 mm   Zx =1835000 mm3 Ixx = 370x106 mm4
Lp = 1795 mm
Mn = 345(1835000) = 633075000 N‐mm
Mn = 569.77 kN‐m > 110.206 kN‐m 

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Nominal Bending Strength of Compact Sections
• Check for deflection:
• Allowable deflection = L/360 = 29.638 mm

• Actual deflection:
• Y = 17.66 mm
Conclusion:
W460x82 satisfies flexural and deflection requirements

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-
Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points
Example 3.0:
Verify the strength of the W18×50 (W460x82) beam selected in Example F.1-1a if the beam is braced at the
ends and third points rather than continuously braced.
• Solution:
• Lb = 10.67m/3 = 3557 mm
Properties of W460x82
E= 200000 Mpa Fy = 345 Mpa d = 460 mm tw = 9.9 mm
bf = 191 mm tf = 16.0 mm Ix = 370x106 mm4 Iy = 18.7x106 mm4
Sx = 1611 x 103 mm3 Sy = 195 x103 mm3 rx = 188 mm ry = 42.4 mm
Zx = 1835 x 103 mm3 Zy = 303 x 103 mm3
𝑬
Lp = 1.76ry
𝑭𝒚

Lp = 1796 mm < Lb
Solve for Lr
XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-
Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points
.
Lr =
.

Cw = 6

Cw = 9.15745x 1011 mm6

rts2 = 2568.696
rts = 50.6823 mm
XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-
Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points
J= 4

J = 665161.5853 mm4
ho = d – tf, distance between flange centroids (mm)
ho = 444 mm
c = 1.0, for doubly symmetric I‐ Shapes
= , for channels

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-
Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points
.
Lr = 1.95rts 6.76
.

rts = 50.6823 mm
E = 200 x 103 MPa
Fy = 345 MPa
J = 665161.5853 mm4
c = 1.0
Sx = 1611 x 103 mm3
ho = 444 mm

Lr = 5306.99 mm, Lp < Lb ≤ Lr (Inelastic LTB)

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-
Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points
𝑳𝒃 𝑳𝒑
Mn = 𝒃 𝒑 𝒑 𝒑
𝑳𝒓 𝑳𝒑
Mp = FyZx = 345MPa (1835 x 103 mm3)
= 633.075 kN – m
Using Cb = 1.0
,
Mn = 1.0 633.075𝑥106 633.075𝑥106 0.7 345 1611𝑥103 633.075 kN – m
, .

= 510.68 kN – m

ØMn = 0.90 (510.68 kN‐m)

= 459.61 kN‐m

XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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