THE ECORAIN SYSTEM ADVANTAGE High drainage capability, reduced use of gravel & aggregate during construction, reuse of excess irrigation and rainfall, reduced depth of topsoil, and lower construction costs — are the advantages; the EcoRain System creates an efficient system of aquifers and cisterns that mimic natural hydrological processes. EcoRain drainage products are made from 60% post- consumer and 40% post-indust ial polypropylene specifically designed for subterranean drainage applications. The EccRain Tanks have a surface empty space & void volume of approximately 95%. The 1" Drainage Cell has a surface empty space & void volume of approximately 85%, and the 2" Drainage Cell has a surface empty space & void volume \ of approximately 80%. Compare this to aggregate which provides about 40% or less of its total volume as void space for drainage. In addition, the tanks and drainage cells are lightweight, easy to store, lft, move, and install ‘The EcoRain System is a highly permeable drainage system that provides for instantaneous infiltration of irrigation and rainfall and transports excess water to a subterranean system of cellular, horizontal drainage layers and permeable under- drains designed to enhance vertical drainage into natural and/or artificial aquifers. WHY USE THE ECORAIN DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR A SPORT FIELD? + An EcoRain System allows every day use of a sport field even during rainstorms because it provides void drainage space under the playing surface, Drainage rates exceed 4" (100mm) / hour. +The EcoRain System creates a perched water table beneath the topsoil, maintaining ‘field capacity’ - optimal moisture and ait in the root zone for the most favorable turf. Strong turf Is better able to prevent disease and lives longer. + Sport fields using the EcoRain System will have a reduced surface temperature, providing a cooler environment thereby reducing transpiration, and increasing player stamina. +The EcoRain Recycling System recovers excess rain and leached irrigation water, thereby reducing irrigation costs. +The EcoRain System works most efficiently with the use of organic fertilizer, which is better for the turf and the environment. Less fertilizer Is needed because the turf is healthier. Leached fertilizer can be recycled and made available to the roots for full use, providing effident use of resources. * The EcoRaln System allows quick recovery of turf after heavy use. The surface stays level with no ponding al owing for optimal ball bounce, there is reduced compaction of soil profile; and because the soil is stable, roots live in optimal condition; turf maintains strong growth even after heavy use. + EcoRain products are made of 100% recycled polypropylene, projected to last 500 years. underground. This type of system has been in use worldwide for over 20 years with no failures. Fields will last indefinitely with proper maintenance. + Reduced costs: turf lives longer, less use of imported water, less application of fertilizer and. herbicide, no rescheduling of events due to rain. + EcoRain Systems help to clean rain irrigation, and runoff water of pollutants.ECORAIN DRAINAGE DESIGN OPTIONS RECTANGULAR SPORT FIELD ECORAIN INSTALLATION PLAN: OTE ‘BEE SFECIMCATIONS AND PLANS PLAY FIELD DRAINAGE CEL SPACING VARIES WITH NATIVE SOIL SUBGRADE ANO LOCAL SEASONAL OPO BIEN RAINFALL, MIN. SPAONG 10%, MAX. SPACING 20° ECORANN 2* ORANAGE CELLS: DIRECTION OF nLOW oe — DikecTiOn ‘OF Flow EOE SSS ae or [EXTEN PLAY FIELD DRAINAGE CELLS 5° 10° ECORAIN TANKS AS CISTERNS FOR BEYOND UNIT OF PLAY SURFAZE WATER. PELSE OP DIFIL-TBATION EXAMPLE NEW CROWNED NATURAL TURF ATHLETIC FIELD Heavily used sport fields require full immediate drainage. Install a blanket of EcoRain 1” Drainage Cells under the entire field, with EcoRain 2" Drainage Cells installed in a chevron pattern beneath. Intermittently used sport fields can use either EcoRain 1” or 2" Drainage Cells installed in a chevron pattern. A qualified professional will calculate spacing based on rainfall and use. ‘Sub-grade Design for Level Sport Fields #1 Form the sub-grade to create a central, linear peak that runs the length of the field. 4#2Form the sub-grade into a high area on one side for the entire length of the field. +#3 Form the sub-grade into a flattened pyramid. ‘A minimum 1:100 (196) grade provides drainage to the edge of the field, Install EcoRain 2” Drainage Cells along the edges of the field to transport water to an EcoRain Tank cistern for reuse or to the storm drain system. ‘The EcoRain System design is in use with consistent and successful results. Design options are flexible to accommodate funding available for the sport and/or the site.ECORAIN DRAINAGE DESIGN OPTIONS NEW SPORT FIELDS Midfield Drainage Cell Installation Section (Ze ecromas Norns —_/-SORTTURT Son BY OWNER OCA. ANY Fox ASoonn wo NEW SPORTS FIELD NATURAL TURF DRAINAGE CELL INSTALLATION SECTION AT MIDFIELD NEW SPORT FIELDS Field Edge Drainage Cell installation Section ‘Zerecncarons morass SPOR TURF SPCIFED BY OMNER ORCA AGENCY oe Ss robo tenet so sae RoOTTOAE SanDORGENE AMBENENT CLEAN COARSE SHND OVER ORANAGE CEL, MINIM 2° COVER [AROUND ORAKAGE CEL WPM OVER UNV uN RAHA R01, /DRANAGE COL CCOMPACTED ATIVE SOL SUBGRADE NEW SPORTS FIELD NATURAL TURF DRAINAGE CELL INSTALLATION SECTION AT FIELD EDGE 4ECORAIN DRAINAGE DESIGN OPTIONS EXISTING SPORT FIELDS Midfield Drainage Cell Installation Section EXISTING SPORTS FIELD NATURAL TURF DRAINAGE (CELL INSTALLATION SECTION AT MIDFIELD. EXISTING SPORT FIELDS Field Edge Drainage Cell installation Section PXISTING SPORTS FIELD NATURAL TURF DRAINAGE ‘CELLINSTALLATION SECTION AT FIELD EDGEDESIGN OPTIONS EcoRain Sport Field Drainage Systems General ‘The EcoRain Sport Field Drainage System design is a combination of the best available technologies and the basic principle of how nature cleans and recycles water. EcoRain Drainage Cells and Tanks are made from 100% recycled polypropylene [60% post-consumer/40% post-industrial], utilizing discarded plastics. EcoRain products are manufactured in the U.S.A.and other countries. Basic EcoRain sport field designs include efficient drainage through creation of a true void space under the topsoil. Enhanced designs include use of EcoRain Tank cisterns with energy-saving irrigation pumps and water sensing devices for increased efficiency of water resources. Designs provide for a basic cleaning of pollutants from water that runs through the system. Cleaned water discharged into surrounding waterways provides for enhanced protection of the native ecosystem”. Use the EcoRain System for all types of sport fields including: + Baseball Fields + Football/Soccer/Cricket/Hockey Fields + Bowling Greens “Tennis Courts, + Golf Courses + Race Tracks + Polo Flelds + Stadiums — permanent and temporary installations ‘Studies Aveilable Upon Request Design and Construction Considerations All Weather Use of Sport Fields EcoRain sport field designs provide immediate drainage of the playing surface. A blanket installation of the EcoRain 1” Drainage Cells, with proper top-soil composition, will allow for use of the playing field during rain events ~ no ponding, dips or compaction will occur, allowing for optimal ball bounce. Infiltration Traditional closed pipe/cistemn systems transport water away from surrounding soil and promote anaerobic bacterial growth within, elther depositing pollution in waterways or necessitating the installation of costly water purification systems. EcoRain Systems mimic the natural system of soil Infiltration and aeration to move, store, and use water. EcoRain designs allow water to infiltrate the soil profile quickly and maintain topsoil at field capacity given proper soil profile composition. During construction of any kind that displaces land, the removal of vegetation exposes top soil to direct sunlight, destroys the intricate root system that holds soil in place, destroys the micro- organisms, and the balance of soil structure that allows water to flow through the soil air pores. ‘The natural exchange of ait and water particles from the atmosphere into the soil and vice versa suffers due to the reduction of biological activity n the soil layers, Soll looses its ability to accept and move water through the profile,One result of this disturbance is a reduced vegetative growth capacity. Fewer roots equal less infiltrative capacity. To compensate for this loss, scme land managers will apply inorganic fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers - which tend to raise soil salinity, and herbicides if applied, leach into the storm water system or nearby waterways, catrying an excess of nutrients and toxins. Subsequently, alteration of the natural systems of waterways occurs and we see things like algae blooms, threatening the existence of life that relies upon an aerobic environment for survival. To avoid physical compaction of the soil profile, iis critical that earth moving is done when the soil is dry. Infiltration Informati Infiltration Rate (inches/hour) Full cover Crop Soil Type (Incl. Mature Grass) Bare Soil sand (85-90% Sand, <10% Clay) 2.0 1.0 Loamy Sand. (70-85% Sand, <15% Clay) 18 09 Sandy Loam) (50-80% Sand, <20% Clay) 15 075 Loam (60-70% Sand, <25% Clay) 10 05 Silt &ClayLoam (20-50% Sand, <25% Clay) 05 025 Clay (240% Clay) 02 1 “ype infiiration rates me Krotts Handbook ar Vegetable Growers by Oscar Lorene Donald Maynard Wiley nfescenc, 1988 Runoff Surface runoffincreases proportionately with reduced infiltration. Surface runoff carries soil sediment, dissolved chemicals, and gross pollutants. These contaminants settle to low points, dogging the surface, reducing infiltration further. Ground water levels decline. Water that once filtered though natural aquifers is carried across the surface unfiltered and discharged directly into above ground waterways or storm drain systems. In some cases, the increased runoff volume creates flooding. EcoRain Systems can balance the alterations, providing soil infitration, substantial reduction of suspended pollutants and elimination of gross pollutants carried to the waterways. However, a5 the chemical nature and high volume of many modern urban pollutants exceeds the biological remedial capability of natural soils, additional remediation may be necessary. Perched Water Table within the Soil Profile Soil profile composition ~ percentage of sand, size of sand particles, percentage of organic material, silt, and sub-soil drain type all have an effect on tre percentage of moisture retention in the upper soil profile. Use of EcoRain Drainage Cells assists with creation of a perched water table, When water reaches the Drainage Cells - an artificial aquifer - the surplus water flows to the engineered edge of the field. However, a portion of the wate” remains in the bottom of the Drainage Cells and mixes with oxygen to create a humid layer. The humidity feeds moisture to turf roots. The top sail is kept close to field capacity when irriga:ed at regular intervals. In addition, the Drainage Cell’s true void space allows for dispersion of heat, cooling the soil and turf. The turf grows under optimal conditions and recovers quickly from use. EcoRain System, drainage designs remain consistent for all sports and countries. Only the turf species, soll composition and style will vary, according to the climate, soil type and sport.Runoff Volume Example A general numeric example, as follows, details the interruption to the hydrological cycle created by land clearing and the resultant runoff increase. Assuming: Net Surface Area of 100 m? (10 m x 10m) Runoff Coefficient-C Forest = 08 Turf 06 Impermeable = 1.0 Rainfall Intensity = 200 mm/hr, with 6-minute storm duration Catchment Area~A 0.01 hectares RunoffGenerated: — q=CIA/0.36 Forest: = 0.556 litres/second, maximum runoff/100meters* Turf: = 3.33 litres/second impermeable: q=5.56litres/second Compared to the natural forest area, a turf cover will generate up to six times the runoff volume. An impermeable cover will generate up to ten times the runoff volume. Infiltrated Volumes for a Six-Minute Storm Duration: determined by sub~ tracting calculated runoff rates from the impervious runoff rates, as follows: Forest: 556-051 Turf 556-33: Impermeable: NIL 5,00 litres/second = 1,800.0 ltres/100 meters* 2.23 litres/second = 802.8 litres/100 meters* Transpiration Rates Mature Tree - 25.00 litres/meters* of Foliage/day (Sm x 5m x Sm crown) Turf ~ 3.25 litres/meters'/day Natural Forest Area Pre-development: Assume four mature trees/100m*, 100% rainfall infiltration. This equates to a potential net transpiration volunne of 12,500 litres/100m'/day. Thus, 1,800 litres infiltrated from the above storm readily transpires within one day. If not transpired, the water infiltrates into underground aquifers. Denuded Forest Area Post-development: 100m’ turf cover. This equates to a net transpiration volume of 325 litres/day/100m?. Thus, a remaining 477.8 litres (802.8 - 325) is required to be drained as excess sub-surface water, assuming underlying soils have insufficient permeability {this is generally true after massive earthwork). In this example, approximately 1,000 litres will be generated as surface runoff and requires a drcinage destination. This reflects a massive reduction of water infiltration to ground water reserves.Drainage Rate Between Sub-soil Drains Because water has a limited capacity to flow horizontally, sub-soil drains must be spaced according to the topsoils ability to drain. Slower draining soils require drains be placed closer together. Use the following formula to determine drain placement on relatively flat surfaces. Hooghoudt’s Formula. D=4xKxH/S* D = Drainage rate, mm/hour K = Hydraulic Conductivity of Topsoil, mm/heur H=Height of the Saturated Topsoil Layer, meters (less than or equal to the depth of the topsoil layer) S- Drain Spacing, meters Source: Meintyre,D.K. and Jakobsen, B. 998 Drainage for Sportsturf & Horticulture. Horticultural Engineering Consultancy, ACT Australia & Mcintyre, Keith, 2004 Problem Solving for Golf Courses, The Landscape, Sportsgrounds and Racecourses Fertilizer, Nutrient & Herbicide Control When fertilizer, additives, and herbicides are applied, only a portion is immediately utilized by the turf. Some leaches through the topsoil, and in a traditional design migrates into the surrounding area, potentially poisoning aquatic life and native plants. The EcoRain System captures unused leached fertilizer and herbicide in EcoRain Tanks. Use of recycled irrigation water redeposits unused portions making it again available to the turf, thereby fully utilizing additives and reducing pollution of nearby natural areas. The University of California, Riverside Turfgrass Research Program reports in the UCRTRAC Newsletter: “The benefits of organic amendments 2s soil conditioners, mulch and planting rmix. additives are well documented.” Consultation with a professional agronomist will determine how to achieve optimal care of turf Mr. Dave Wilbur of Sierra Pacific Turf Services in Rocklin, California has conducted extensive turf research and written articles such as Phosphorus Facts Myths and Legends for California Superintendents: California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo has turf grass instruction, as does the University of California at Riverside. In Australia, there is Horticultural Engineering Consultancy in Kambah, ACT for consultation. Dual Duty - Stormwater Detention Beneath Sport Fields Municipalities often need large areas to filter and detain storm water. Sport fields are ideally suited to provide large underground water vaults. EcoRain Tanks have a 95% void space, and configure ‘easily to accommodate the needed volume. The Tanks stack together and are wrapped with Geotextile material as one unit. Use of a liner prevents infiltration and keeps the water available for irrigation with use of a pump. Pre-treatment of water is necessary either through a bio-swale, catch basin or a large filter. Filtration of the water through pre-treatment and passage through the EcoRain tanks, which use sand, allows release of excess filtered water into the storm drain system. Position of tanks is dependent on what the manzger and engineer want to accomplish. They can be aligned the full size of the sport field about 12" below the surface and provide the same advantages of using the Drainage Cells. EcoRain Tanks range in depths from .79' to 7.12...Recycle of Irrigation Water Using EcoRain Tanks EcoRain System designs strategically bury EcoRain Tanks, commonly known as cisterns, at the ‘edge of a sport field for detention, infiltration and reuse of rain and irrigation water. Water that falls on the surface drains vertically through the topsoil into the blanket of Drainage Cells, and then flows horizontally to the EcoRain Tanks at an engineered fall ratio. Rainfall intensity and site particulars guide the engineer's design and placement of the EcoRain Tanks. Designs include one large tank with one large pump for irrigation, or several smaller tanks with smaller pumps. Sprinklers irrigate sections of the field directly from each pump. OM SAND, AOR ORGANIC WATER ip te LEAN SAO R40 2° DRANAGE CEL uve PUMP A=, R505 ECORAN TANK WRAPPED WRAPPED N E101 GEOTBLE CHRIST BOK IN ERO GIOTEATEE FARR FABRIC FRO SPORTRED EDGE CORK DRANAGE SYSTEM oie ort Wht ta Sy X DPSS OPE SUMP Fu BXLOSURE BX IMPERMEABLE UNER WT E101 GEOTENME sve Poe Wr TETERNE ATACHED FABRIC OR 2 CLEAN SAND BASE |v Fe ACCESS Pe 101 core rabac TYPICAL SPORTFIELD WATER HARVESTING TANK Deep Watering of Trees Surrounded by Turf Irrigation specialists have a challenging task to ensure an adequate deep level of water available to trees on golf courses or sport fields. Use of either the 1" or 2" Drainage Cells buried vertically to the appropriate depth for the tree root zone will provide water saturation of deep root levels. EcoRain Drainage Cells are either buried close enough to the surface to capture sprinkler action, or buried lower with connection to a direct water pipe. As the tree grows, water remains available throughout the reach of the roots as they spread outward. Roots do not penetrate cells wrapped in the prescribed Geotextile material. 10Subsurface Irrigation EcoRain Systems is currently testing the use of 1" Drainage Cells approximately 8" below the surface as a means to conduct subsurface irrigation. Pumping water to an underground blanket of void space allows for the use of stormwater runoff that may carry contaminants, without spraying it into the air and onto the surface. The following diagram illustrates the, design currently under research: Zerccmeas moras _/2PORT TF SROMED 8Y OMEROR OCA. AGDIY es ee ENGINEERED AMENOMENT MIX HONE MN NCO NN NAAM \Qee201, onanace eu SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION NATURAL TURF DRAINAGE CELL INSTALLATION SECTION Maintenance of EcoRain Systems The basics of soil science dictate design of the EcoRain System. When soil is disturbed, the bonds that hold it together are broken and movement of soil particles occurs. After construction, when the Drainage Cells are in place, the topsoil laid and seeded, a small amount of silt movement ‘occurs. Soll particles look for’ and find cohesion, which creates micro and macro alt pores for toot growth, water storage, and water movement. ‘The silt, or fine particles, flush through the sand and Geotextile that surrounds the Drainage Cells and down to the sub-soll. This is a small amount and does not have enough volume to clog the system. Water coming from the system will initially have a cloudy appearance from these suspended solids. Several weeks after the soil has stabilized, the movement of fines ceases. Installed to technical specifications, it is unnecessary to clean out the system. Fines do not clog the system, and deleterious microbes do not grow due to the aerobic condition, However, at the request of engineers, EcoRain has developed a Clean-out Plate that allows movement of a camera and flusher through the EcoRain tanks to check for debris, structural integrity and/or clean out. “Its critical to use the proper Geotextile material, non-woven needle punch polypropylene ~ speatfications are available, uNGOLF COURSE DESIGN OPTIONS General Original golf course architecture followed the natural lay of the land and required little disruption. of the soil. A rather contemporary design is the Desert Course, which is popular in the USA, Mexico, Australia, and in the Middle East. Desert courses require heavy irrigation for maintenance of the turf leading to concerns about the ecological consequences of excessive water consumption and pollution of the waterways due to erosion, use of herbicides, pesticides, and inorganic fertilizers. {A desert course also violates the widely accepted principle of golf course architecture that an aesthetically pleasing course should require minimal alteration of the existing landscape. Nevertheless, a market exists for these courses ard the EcoRain System can help make them. environmentally friendly and cost efficient. Two Traditional Golf Course Construction Methods There are two basic methods of golf course construction: the Texas USGA method and the Cambridge method. Greens built to the USGA m2thod include a 4-inch (100mm) minimum gravel layer installed beneath the 12-inch root zone. The gravel layer is an integral part of the drainage system of USGA greens. In some parts of the country, properly sized gravel is hard to find and can be expensive. Gravel Is heavy and expensive to haul, particularly given the rising cost of fuel. ‘The Cambridge method uses permeable sand trenches cut into the topsoil and sub-soil, that drain to equally spaced drainpipes laid under a bed of aggregate. Highly permeable topsoil supplements the drainage system, but at a cost of increased irrigation. Vertical drainage is reasonably efficient. However, horizontal drainage is poor. ‘The EcoRain System Advantage High drainage capability, reduced use of gravel &aggregate during construction, reuse of excess irrigation and rainfall, reduced depth of topsoil, and lower construction costs ~ are the advantages; the EcoRain System creates an efficient system of aquifers and cisterns that mimic natural hydro- logical processes. EcoRain drainage products are made from 60% post-consumer and 40% ost industrial polypropylene specifically designed for subterranean drainage applications. ORANAGE CL SPAENG VARES WT NAVE S08 SUBEADE AD] “ie OF amet 10 STORY tote: (REPEC IO NeW SFORSS FELD NATURA. TURE ranace Ge NSTALATIN OFA Pen cour course SNR NEW # RETROFITTED GOLF COURSE GREEN DRAINAGE ‘CELL INSTALLATION CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT PLAN 12DRANAGE CELL SPACING VARES VAT NATWE ‘SOIL SUBGRADE AND LOCAL SEASONAL FRANFAL, MI. SPACING 6, MAX, SPACING 6 211 SLOPE MAK OF BUNKER, UNCER SUBSURFACE GRADE PER GOLE ‘COURSE DESIGNER Nore (RAN TO WATER RECHCLNG TANK OR REFER TO NEW SPORTS rIELO NATURAL TURE DIRECTLY TO STORM DRAN SYSTEM [DRWHAGE CELL NSTALATION DETALS. NEW RETROFITTED GOL" COURSE BUNKER DRAINAGE CELL INSTALLATION CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT PLAN. ‘TaN OR DRECTLY 10 STORM ‘Deak SvSTEM sore. iJ ano ware eer imecTION OF ROW nore: DRANAGE CELL SPACING VARIES ATH NATIVE ‘REFER TO NEW SPORTS MELD NATURAL TUR ‘SOL SUBGRADE ARO LOCAL SEASONAL RAINFALL DRANAGE CEU. INSTALLATION DETALS, MN, SPACING 10, MAK: SPACING 20° NEW @ RETROFITTED GOLF COURSE TEE DRAINAGE CELL INSTALLATION CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT PLAN. BECORAIN 1” (25 mm)DRAINAGE CELL ‘Standard Used Metric Size of One Piece Width Biological & Chemical Unaffected by molds, algae, soll-borne_ Resistance. chemicals, bacteria, & bitumen Flow Rate per Unit Width ASTM D4716 231.70 gal/min 2120 It/mir Service Temperature -22°F to 248°F -30 °C to 120 ECORAIN 2” (50 mm) DRAINAGE CELL 0.150 m2 50mm, 300mm, 500 mm) 100% Recycled Polypropylene Unaffected by molds algae, soitborne ‘chemicals bacteria & bitumen Biological & Chemical Resistance ‘Compressive Strength-Maximum Load ASTM 01621 £4053 psi £283.90 t/m? Flow Rate per Unit Width ‘ASTM 04716 256 gal/min > 212 Ivmin Service Temperature “22°F to 248'F =30°C to 120°C Compressive Strength Area Load Compressive Filled with Sand ‘Product must have maximum Aeformation of 25%) 14ECORAIN TANKS™ Assemble In Six Sizes — 500 Half Tank R501 Single Tank 502 Double Tank 503 Triple Tank R-S04 Quad Tank R505 Pent Tank Mave musa City of Los Angeles Approved Research Report #5654 Surface Aree 5040 95% void space Material 700 recycled Plyproptene Biological & Chemical Resistance Dray ek ses NT Temperature Tolerance BE MeF (30101209 Flow Rate ASTM DATIO “G71 Pacond (O19 mPsecond) Test ‘Standard Used Imperial Mee Unconfined rush Test | _ASTHNC3905 323 pa 372: komen on AASHTO S00 re Displacement aa Vem Temperatare Parameter toa SPF eeeBecause each field is different, this Manual offers general information with reference to additional sources to access for your specific situation. Electronic versions of Technical Specifications and CAD’s available upon request for designers. ‘Telephone 818 905 7145, Tol ree: 1466991 RAN (7246) EeaRain Systems Ine 14320 Ventura Bh #402 Sperman Oaks, CB 91423 r= seseEcoRa com inte@ecofaincom ‘won. Eeofan.com