Contents

Chapter 1 Functions and Introductions to the Instrument....................................................................................1

1.1 Instrument Introduction................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Instrument Composition.............................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Accessories................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Host..................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Sensor.................................................................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Hand Hammer, Force Bar............................................................................................................... 3
1.3.4 Power Adapter...................................................................................................................................3
1.4 Technical Indicators..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Note................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Chapter II Functions Introduction............................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Boot up...........................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Measurement and analysis.........................................................................................................................6
2.2.1 New Works and Pile Files............................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Engineering Settings........................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3 Open Projects..................................................................................................................................11
2.2.4 Start Sampling.................................................................................................................................12
2.2.5 Waveform Playback....................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.6 Waveform Editing........................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.7 Data Analysis...................................................................................................................................15
2.2.8 Save data.........................................................................................................................................17
2.2. 9 Exit Measurement......................................................................................................................... 18
2.3 Data Management..................................................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Metrical Testing...........................................................................................................................................19
2.4.1 Detection Parameters.................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.2 Test Steps........................................................................................................................................ 20
2.5 System Settings......................................................................................................................................... 21
2.6 Auxiliary Function.......................................................................................................................................22
2.6.1 Status Bar........................................................................................................................................ 22
2.6.2 Soft Keyboard..................................................................................................................................23
Chapter III Guide to Fast Operation...................................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Preparations before testing...................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.1 Cleaning pile head..........................................................................................................................25
3.1.2 Sensor Installation..........................................................................................................................25
3.1.3 Select the appropriate striking equipment..................................................................................25
3.2 Testing of New Foundation Pile............................................................................................................... 26
3.2.1 Parameter Settings.........................................................................................................................26
3.2.2 Parameter Settings.........................................................................................................................26
3.3 Data Processing.........................................................................................................................................27
3.4 Precautions for on-site testing................................................................................................................. 27
3.4.1 On-the-spot detection key points................................................................................................. 27
3.4.2 Influence of Pile Surrounding Soil on Waveform Curve...........................................................28
 3.4.3 The Advantages and Weaknesses of the Index Amplification................................................ 28
3.3.4 The Rotation of Curves..................................................................................................................29
3.4.5 About "blind zone".......................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.6 Test Technique of Large Diameter Pile....................................................................................... 29
3.4.7 Elimination of Signal Oscillation...................................................................................................29
3.4.8 Protection of Connection and Signal Line..................................................................................30
3.4.9 The Limitations of the Low-strain Reflection Wave Method and the Improved Analysis
Method........................................................................................................................................................30
Chapter IV Maintenance of the Instrument.......................................................................................................... 32
4.1 Power supply.............................................................................................................................................. 32
4.2 Charging...................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Sensor..........................................................................................................................................................32
4.4 Storage........................................................................................................................................................ 32
Chapter V Introduction of Software....................................................................................................................... 33
Chapter VI Software Installation.............................................................................................................................34
Chapter VII Foundation Pile Testing and Analysis Software with Reflection Wave Method........................35
7.1 Software Introduction................................................................................................................................ 35
7.2 Pile Information Area................................................................................................................................. 36
7.3 Waveform Parameter Area.......................................................................................................................36
7.4 Pile Document Area...................................................................................................................................37
7.5 Waveform Display Area.............................................................................................................................37
7.6 Menu Bar..................................................................................................................................................... 40
7.6.1 File Menu......................................................................................................................................... 40
7.6.2 Editing Menu....................................................................................................................................41
7.6.3 View Menu....................................................................................................................................... 42
7.6.4 Setting Menu................................................................................................................................... 42
7.6.5 Tools Menu.......................................................................................................................................43
This manual states that:

1. The text with a gray background and square frame represents a button or indicator state on the screen,
such as The Measurement Analysis.

2. The text with a gray background refers to the information displayed on the device, such as Boot.

3. In addition to the contents described in this manual, the instrument will automatically display some
prompts automatically. Please operate according to these prompts.
 Chapter 1 Functions and Introductions to the Instrument

1.1 Instrument Introduction

The pile integrity tester is a kind of test and analysis instrument for pile body structural integrity of
engineering foundation pile under impact or vibration load in the process of pile foundation integrity
detection and pre-pile driving monitoring.

The basic principle is to produce the stress wave by applying the excitation signal on the top of the pile.
During the propagation of the stress wave along the pile body, when the discontinuous interface (such as
honeycomb, mud entrapment, fracture, hole and other defects) and the bottom surface of the pile are
encountered, the reflected wave will be produced, and the propagation time of the reflected wave will be
measured and analyzed. With the characteristics of amplitude and waveform, the integrity of the pile can
be judged.

The product complies with the following specifications

JJG930-1998 "Verification Regulations for Dynamic Measuring Instrument of Foundation Pile"

JGJ106- 2014 "Technical Specifications for Building Foundation Pile Detection"

JTG/T F81-01-2004 "Technical Specification for Detection of Foundation Pile in Highway Engineering"

JGJ340-2015 "Technical Specifications for Building Foundation Detection"

TB10218-2008 "Technical Specifications for Detection of Foundation Pile in Railway Engineering"

JJG (Construction)003-1996 "Dynamic Measurement System of Foundation Pile"

JG/T3055-1999 "Foundation Pile Dynamic Measuring Instrument"

Features of the instrument:

（1）Newly-upgraded wireless cloud transmission function;

（2）The operation of the instrument is convenient and fast. From the requirement of engineering
inspection, the user can quickly master the usage method;

（3）Small in size, light in weight, and easy to carry;

（4）The user operates through the touch screen. The interface is simple;

（5）Support a variety of wave processing methods to make the defect location more accurate;

（6）Large capacity data memory, support mobile storage;

（7）Built-in rechargeable lithium battery, long standby time;

（8）The analysis software under Windows platform has comprehensive functions and flexible printing
settings, can print previews and output processing results, and can generate test reports.

1.2 Instrument Composition

The composition and function description of the instrument accessories are shown in the table below.

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 Serial No. Name Descriptions

1 Main unit instrument body

2 Sensor Connected to the host computer for signal acquisition

3 Hand hammer

4 Force bar Selective

5 Power adapter For charging the main unit

6 U Disc For exporting data and updating software

7 Service Manual

1.3 Accessories

The main accessories of the instrument are shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Accessories to P800

1.3.1 Host

The host display part adopts touchable screen to display interface and man-machine interaction. At the
same time, three interfaces (sensor interface, USB interface, charging port), one switch (power switch)
and one indicator light (charging indicator) are arranged at the top to connect different peripherals.

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 Figure 1-2 Host Display and Interface

Pressed state of the Power switch for start-up, and the pop-up state for shutdown.

Charging indicator light in red state indicates charging point, and the green state indicates charging
completed.

1.3.2 Sensor

The sensor is directly connected with the measured pile, to replace the mechanical vibration parameter
with the electric signal. The performance parameter of the sensor directly affects whether the data of the
converted electric signal truly reflects the reflection information of the pile itself.

The acceleration sensor is configured by default, because the sensor has no charge amplifier constraints
and the frequency response is wider. Because it has become voltage and low resistance output, it
requires less connection and is more suitable for outdoor needs.

1.3.3 Hand Hammer, Force Bar

In the use, strike the pile head with a hand hammer or a force rod , to generate an elastic stress wave
disseminating along the pile body. When the stress wave of different frequency disseminates along the
pile body, it has different attenuation characteristics. In practice, it is often used through on-the-spot
percussion test, such as changing the weight of the hand hammer or the shape of the exciting rod, the
hardness of the material and adding different material cushion to the pile head, to produce stress wave
with different frequency components, so as to meet the need of judging the shallow and deep defects of
the pile.

1.3.4 Power Adapter

The power adapter is used to charge the host. Do not use the instrument in charge as far as possible,
because this may lead to inaccurate measurement results because of the power interference.

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1.4 Technical Indicators

Name Technical Parameters

Specifications and model iwin-P800

System noise voltage Less than 2mV

Dynamic range More than 138 dB

Amplifier band 10Hz ~ 10kHz

A/ D resolution 16 bit A/ D

Sampling interval 2us~32768us

Sample length 1024,2048,4096

Time indication error Less than 1%

Channel number Single channel

Magnification factor 1 ~ 128

Trigger mode Signal trigger

Sensor sensitivity 100mV/g

Sensor band 1-10000Hz

Continuous working time More than 10 hours

Power supply mode Built-in rechargeable lithium battery (7.4 V)

Working environment: Temperature: -10 ~ 40 ℃ Humidity <90% RH

1.5 Note

1. Avoid water in.

2.Avoid high temperature (> 50 ℃).

3.To use it in wet, dust, corrosive environment, necessary protective measures should be taken.

4.Avoid using in a strong magnetic field.

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5.After use, charge it in time. Charged once a month if it is not used for a long time.

6.After use, put it into the instrument box in time to prevent dust from entering into the instrument.

7. Do not dissemble the instrument at will so as not to affect its service life.

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 Chapter II Functions Introduction

2.1 Boot up

Press the Boot key at the top of the host, the instrument enters the start-up state, and the system enters
the main interface after the progress bar is loaded, as shown in Figure 2-1.

a) Boot-up Interface

b) Main interface

Figure 2-1 Instrument Start-up

At the top of the main interface is a line of status bars that display information such as current time,
U-disk insertion status, and battery capacity. There are 4 functional modules in the middle, which can be
operated by clicking the function key according to the key label.

2.2 Measurement and analysis

Click the Measure and Analysis on the main interface to enter the measurement analysis interface, as
shown in Figure 2-2.

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 Figure 2-2 Measurement and Analysis Interface

The interface is divided into cursor parameter area, waveform area, engineering information area,
analysis parameter area and function key area.

1. Cursor Parameter Zone:

Clicking a waveform in the waveform area takes the channel as the current path and displays the
acoustic time difference T (relative to the top of the pile), depth L, and wave velocity C in the cursor
parameter area. Two auxiliary buttons at the top of the area <,> are used to move the cursor left and
right.

2. Waveform area:

The number of display channels in the waveform area can be set to 1-4 channels in the project settings.
Click on one of the waveforms, the waveform is selected, and the drop-down bar on the right side can
scroll to show the waveform information of other channels.

The think black line in each waveform is the baseline. Scale is marked under the waveform. The scale
value can be time or length.The upper left corner of the waveform shows the waveform serial number.
For example,5/9, where 5 represents the number of channels of the current waveform,9 represents a
total of 9 waveforms. The upper right corner of the waveform shows the maximum signal value as a
percentage of the full range (the ratio should be controlled between 10% and 90%).The two vertical
dotted lines are marked with pile head and pile tail, and the defect marks indicated by vertical dotted lines
can be set on each wave form.The bottom gray columnar strip is the schematic diagram of the pile, which
is used to directly reflect the state of the pile.

3. Engineering Information Area:

Used to show common parameters such as pile length and wave velocity. There is also a new pile button
at the top for the new pile.

4. Analysis Parameter Areas:

The analysis parameter is used to display the current selected waveform.

5. Function key area:

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Each button implements a common function. When the button color is gray, it means this function is
invalid in the current state.

2.2.1 New Works and Pile Files

In the measurement and analysis interface, new pile files can be created by the following two methods:

1) Click on the Engineering Settings to enter the Engineering Settings interface, create a new project or
select an existing project, create a new pile file, and then set or modify the corresponding Settings
parameters.( Refer to 2.2.2 for the Detailed Settings Introduction)

2) After opening a pile file, click on the New Pile to quickly create a pile file with the same set parameters
as the current pile. Click on the new pile to pop up the input pile name soft keyboard. The default value is
the current pile name plus a suffix of a sequence number. Users can also enter custom pile name by the
soft keyboard.

2.2.2 Engineering Settings

Clicking on the Engineering Settings, it will enter the Engineering Settings interface. If the pile file has
been opened and the contents of the file have been changed, the information shown in Figure 2-3 will be
prompted. Clicking on the confirmation will save the previous changes, otherwise it will not save the
previous changes.

Figure 2-3 Save Prompt

The Engineering Settings page consists of 3 Settings Tag Items, which are Engineering Information,
Foundation Pile Information, Measurement Settings. Click Different Label Items, different Settings
Options will display. At the bottom of the page, there are three function buttons that Yes, Restore the
Default Parameters and Cancel, as shown in Figure 2-4.

If the pile file is currently open, the parameters in the Engineering Settings page are set to the
parameters corresponding to the current pile, and some of the parameters cannot be modified.

If no pile files are currently open, the parameters in the Engineering Settings page are the pile files
parameters setting opened last time, and the default parameters can be recovered by clicking the
Restore Default Parameters to restore the parameters to a set of default parameters set by the
instrument when exiting the factory.

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After setting the project, click Yes to modify the parameters and save, and make the parameters effective.
If click Cancel, the modified parameters will not be saved, and the project will still use the previous
parameters.

a)

b)

c)

Figure 2-4 Engineering Settings

1. Engineering information:

Select an existing project or a new project on this page. Clicking on the drop-down list box of the project
name can select the existing project folder. Click on the New Project, a new project soft keyboard will pop
out. After entering the Project Name on the soft keyboard, press Enter to create a new project folder. If a
same-name project is found when the project is created, it will prompt the corresponding tips and return.

Click on a New Pile, a new pile soft keyboard will pop out. After entering the Pile Name on the soft
keyboard, press Enter to create a new project folder. Same as the project establishing, if a same name is

9
found when the pile file is created, it will prompt the corresponding tips and return.

Click on the edit frame after the Expected Pile Length, a digital soft keyboard will pop out. Input
designed (or the actual) pile length (unit: m). The pile length should be as accurate as possible. After the
input, the instrument will automatically set sampling interval. An accurate pile length will be conducive to
pile shape analysis.

Click on the edit box after the Expected Wave Speed, a digital soft keyboard will pop out. Input the
measured pile concrete’s wave speed value (unit: m/ s). The wave speed should be as accurate as
possible. After the input, the instrument will automatically set the sampling interval. An accurate wave
speed will be conducive to pile shape analysis.

The wave speed value is usually estimated according to the strength grade of pile concrete and
experience. Its reasonable range is 3000 m/ s ~ 4500 m/ s.The wave speed value of other types of piles
are as follows:

Concrete pile:

Concrete strength grade C15 C20 C25

Wave speed range (m/ s) 2500 ~ 3000 2800 ~ 3500 3300 ~ 3800

Strength grade C30 C35 C40

Wave speed range (m/ s) 3600 ~ 4000 3800 ~ 4200 4100 ~ 4400

Prefabricated pile:3600 ~ 4200 m/ s

Steel pile:5100 ~ 5400 m/ s
Cast-in-place pile:3400 ~ 4000 m/ s
Powder spray pile:1400 ~ 2100 m/ s

2. Pile information:

Set the type, shape, and size information of the pile.

3. Measurement settings:

It contains parameters that control testing and display. These parameters generally do not need to be
modified frequently after the engineering test is set.

Sampling interval is the time difference between two samples when the signal is sampled.This value
can be self-selected or not set, but must be set before sampling pile length and wave speed, so that the
sampling interval value can be calculated automatically.

Sampling length is the number of points to be sampled, usually set to 1024. For the same pile length,
the larger the sampling length, the smaller the sampling interval, that is, the higher the sampling

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frequency, the more it is in line with the sampling law, and the smaller the signal distortion.

The number of sampling channels is the total number of channels for each pile to be collected, with
multiple file options, at least 1 channel, up to 12 channels.

The trigger level is the signal level of the starting instrument. There are three levels as Low, Middle,
High. The higher the level setting, the stronger the receiving signal that the starting instrument is required
to collect. When measuring piles, "Low" should be used when the general gain is not greater than 8.
"Middle" or "High" levels should be used when the gain is greater than 8. If the field interference signal is
strong and there are signals after the sensor is installed, the level can be set to "Middle" or "High".

Sampling mode consists of two types: single sampling mode and continuous sampling mode. Single
sampling means that only one type of waveform be collected at a time according to the setting of
parameters. Continuous sampling means continuous sampling under the same parameter setting, until
the user stops sampling.

The number of hammers per channel can be selected between 1 and 6. If the number of hammers per
channel is greater than 1, it is superimposed sampling, i. e., all signals are superimposed and averaged
when collected many times on the same channel.

Gain is amplification factor for the instrument to the electric signal received by the sensor, that is, the
fixed-point amplification. There are multiple levels to choose. The size of the Gains depends on the
length of the pile, the surface condition of the pile head, the excitation equipment and so on. When the
signal is weak and not easy to trigger, the gain value can be increased. When the signal is too strong, the
gain should be reduced.

The number of channels per screen, i.e. the number of waveforms displayed on each screen, for which
1,2,3,4 can be chosen. The number of channels per screen may not be greater than the number of
sampling channels.

In the field test, the quality of the collected signal will be affected by the impact of the quality of the knock.
With too strong knocking, the signal will be distorted. With too light knock, the signals under the pile may
not be out. Therefore, the strength must be moderate. The size of the striking force can be determined by
the strength of the signal. There are three kinds of Reception Modes, automatic, manual and both.
When selecting automatic mode, if the tap is too heavy or too light, the dynamic measuring instrument
will automatically abandon the signal, and prompt the corresponding information. Only when the strike is
moderate, the collected signal will be useful signal. When the manual mode is selected, if the tap is too
heavy or too light, the dynamic measuring instrument will prompt the corresponding information and
inquire whether to save this signla. When Both mode is selected, the waveform is saved regardless of the
force of the tap.

The horizontal coordinate can be set set to show whether the horizontal coordinate unit is time or
length.

2.2.3 Open Projects

Click Open Projects to enter the Open Project interface, as shown in Figure 2-5.

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 Figure 2-5 Open Projects

The list on the left side of the interface shows all the stored project names. After clicking on a project
name, all the pile files on the right side of the pile list will appear in the project folder. Click on the pile files
to be opened, and press Yes to open the corresponding file.If a project has been opened before and the
project information changes, the corresponding message will pop up, as shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6 Open Projects

2.2.4 Start Sampling

Click on Start Sampling, the instrument starts to wait for sampling. The Start Sampling changes to Stop
Sampling, and several other function keys become unusable state. At this time, if tap the pile head, the
waveform area will show the result of tapping.

At this point, the Sequence No. on the left side of the Tap Channel changes to n-m/ N (n represents the
n-channel waveform. m represents the current display of the n-channel m-hammer. N represents the
current pile to test the N-channel data), as shown in Figure 2-7.

Figure 2-7 Waveform Sequence Number During the Tap

If the "Reception Mode" in the project setting is set as "Automatic", if the tapping is too strong or too little,
the sampling waveform will be automatically discarded and the corresponding prompt will be given, which

12
requires re-tapping, as shown in Figure 2-8.

Figure 2-8 Prompts in the Waveform Area

If the "Reception Mode" in the project setting is set as "Hand-set", if the tapping is too strong or too little,
the prompt dialog box will pop up to inqure whether to save the waveform. If Yes is selected, the sample
waveform will be saved. If Cancel is selected, a re-tapping is needed, as shown in Figure 2-9.

Figure 2-9 Prompts in the Dialog Box

If the "Reception Mode" in the project setting is set as "Both", the sampling waveform will be realized and
saved regardless of the tapping strength.

If the "Sampling Mode" in the project setting is set as "Single Sampling", the sample will stop
automatically after tapping a waveform, and the key will be changed to Start Sampling again.To tap the
next wave, manually select the next one, and then click Start Sampling again.

If the "Sampling Mode" in the project setting is set as "Continuous Sampling", the next wave will
automatically jump to the next one after tapping and wait to display the waveform of the next tap.

Note: If there is a waveform before the wave channel to be tapped, the waveform of the channel
will be overlaid after clicking Start Sampling for re-tapping.

2.2.5 Waveform Playback

Pressing one waveform for a long time, if the waveform is overlapped sampling, i. e. the number of
hammers is greater than 1, it will go into waveform playback mode, as shown in Figure 2-10.

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 Figure 2-10 Waveform Playback

In waveform playback mode, the tap of each hammer is displayed, and the "m－n" is shown in the upper

left corner of the waveform (m is the number of the current channcel, n is the hammer number of the
superposed waveform).

In playback mode, the superposition waveform can be eliminated and retained. After selecting the
waveform to be removed or retained, the selection waveform will be eliminated or retained by clicking the
Eliminate or Retain below. The waveform elimination will display the "Eliminate" mark below the
waveform, as shown in Figure 2-11. Clicking on All Eliminated will elimiate all the waveforms
superimposed. The waveforms eliminated will not participate in waveform superposition and waveform
analysis.

Figure 2-11 Waveform Elimination

Click Exit, return to the test interface again, and automatically calculate the average waveform
(waveform eliminated will not participate in the average) and the display of the waveform area will be
refreshed.

2.2.6 Waveform Editing

Clicking Waveform Editing in the test interface, it will enter the Waveform Editing mode. At this time, this
button becomes Exit Editing button, as shown in Figure 2-12.

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 Figure 2-12 Waveform Editing

Click Reverse, to display all channcel waveforms in the current pile file in reverse.

Click Compress, Stretch to compress or stretch all channel waveforms in the current pile file horizontally
(time or length axis). After compression to a certain extent, the compression button will not work. After
stretching to a certain extent, the pull button will not work. After stretching or compression, click Original
Scale, it will restore to the original display scale.

If a signal in the waveform area is found to be of poor quality, after selecting (clicking) the waveform, click
on the Single-channel Deletion button to delete the waveform in this channel. The waveform number will
be reduced by one. To delete all waveforms, click Delete All.

After editing, click Exit Editing to exit Waveform Edit Mode.

Note: Different from the waveform elimination function in waveform playback, the waveform
deletion function in waveform editing will make the waveform completely deleted and
unrecoverable.

2.2.7 Data Analysis

After selecting a waveform from the test interface, click the Data Analysis button to enter the data
analysis interface. In this interface, the waveform can be analyzed and processed, as shown in Figure
2-13.

Figure 2-13 Data Analysis

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The parameters modification on the interface can be realized by selecting editing frame to be modified,
so that the edit frame is in selected state. Then click +,-button to increase or decrease, or click▲ to
open the soft keyboard to enter specific values.

When the bottom of the pile is selected, the position of the pile head and the bottom of the pile will be
automatically marked by the dotted line in the waveform area according to the predicted pile length and
the expected wave velocity. If this option is not selected, set manually the Pile Head and Pile Bottom by
moving the cursor in the waveform area to the position where the pile head is to be set.

When the acceleration sensor is used for detection, the signal taken is an acceleration signal. It seems
“complex”. When the waveform integral is selected, the signal will be integrated so that it becomes a
speed signal. It will look clearer.

The deDC option is used to remove the DC component of the original signal so that the end of the
integrated signal returns to the midline.

To amplify the acquired signal digitally, set up the type of amplification (exponent, linearity), the
starting point of amplification, and the amplification factor. The starting point of amplification is the
beginning position of exponential or linear amplification of signal (relative to pile head, unit: m). Exponent
or linear amplification should not be too large, as long as the signal at the bottom of the pile can be seen
clearly.

Digital filtering includes three filter wave types: low-pass, high-pass and band-pass. Low-pass filtering is
to filter out signals larger than a certain cut-off frequency. High-pass filtering is to filter signals less than a
certain cut-off frequency. Band-pass filtering is to filter signals larger than a high-cut-off frequency and
smaller than a low-cut-off frequency. In the analysis, the general low-pass filter is used more.The cutoff
frequency can be set according to experience. The longer the pile is, the lower the cut-off frequency
should be. It can also carry out the spectrum analysis on the signal, and then set the cut-off frequency
value. If the signal is low-pass, high-pass or band-pass filter.

Rotation is used to process the signal for integration and so on, the end of the waveform will be warped.
At this point, it needs to rotate the waveform, so that the end of the signal back to the baseline position.
The percentage of rotation is relative to the direct amplitude, which can be positive or negative (clockwise
or counterclockwise. The larger the value is, the more it rotates).

When there is a high-frequency "clutter" in the signal, it can be filtered by setting smooth points. The
larger the smoothing points, the more "flatness" the smoothed waveform becomes.

When changing each calculation parameter, the user can select the corresponding parameter and press
+, -to increase or decrease the parameter according to the fixed value (it will not change when the
parameter reaches the upper and lower limit). Or click on ▲ to prompt the soft keyboard and enter
the parameter directly.

When the waveform area shows the time domain waveform, click the waveform area. When the cursor
moves to the click position, click Defect, the dialog box as shown in Figure 2-14 will pop out. After
selecting the type and severity of the defect, click Yes button, to set the corresponding defect in the
current cursor position. A vertical marker line will appear at the cursor position of the waveform and the
defect symbol is displayed at the corresponding position. The severity of the defect is indicated by the
shade of the color.

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 Figure 2-14 Defect Marker

Removing defects will remove all of the marked defects.

When clicking Spectrum Analysis, amplitude spectrum analysis will be carried out on the current channel
signal and display its spectrum in the waveform area, as shown in Figure 2-15. Fm shown in the upper
right corner of the figure is the main frequency value, F0 as the frequency resolution, F1 to F5 as the
peak frequency, Fn-Fn-1 as the peak frequency difference.

Figure 2-15 Spectrum Analysis

When the waveform area displays a spectrum diagram, click Compression, Stretch can horizontally
amplify and reduce in frequency domain display range. After the cursor is moved to a certain position, the
frequency value of the cursor position is displayed in the cursor parameter area. At this time, click Set
Frequency Peak , the current frequency at the cursor is used as the peak frequency, and it will calculate
all the difference of the peak frequency. Up to 5 peak frequencies can be set. To identify the frequency
peak automatically, select Frequency Peak Identification. To clear a frequency peak mark, move the
cursor to a position near the mark and click Remove The Frequency Peak. To clear all frequency peaks
on the current channel, click Clear Frequency Peak. Click Return to return to the Waveform Analysis
interface.

2.2.8 Save data

Clicking Save Data on the measurement page will save the currently opened pile file, and it will pop up

17
Save Complete after the save is successful, as shown in Figure 2-16.

Figure 2-16 Save Completed

Note: It takes a little longer to save when there is more data in the file. Please be patient until you
see the instructions for save completed.

2.2. 9 Exit Measurement

Click Exit in the measurement interface to return to the main interface. At this point, if the current data is
not saved will pop up a prompt box asking whether to continue to exit.

2.3 Data Management

Clicking on data management in the main interface, it will enter the data management interface, as
shown in Figure 2-17. In the data management interface, the user can export and delete project files and
pile files, and display the remaining space of the memory card below.

Figure 2-17 Data Management

Select the selection box in front of a project and click Delete Project to delete the selected project. Also,
select the selection box in front of a file, click Delete Pile File to delete the selected Pile File. Clicking on
the selection box above the list title bar allows you to do all of the selection boxes in the list.

Insert the U-disk, an icon will show above the status bar. Click Export All Data, a Project File folder will be
established in the U-disk, and copy all the data stored in the machine to the U-disk. To export only a

18
portion of the data, the user may select the selection box one wants to export the data. Click Export
Selected Data , only the selected data will be copies to the U-disk.

Note: Delete will remove the data completely from the memory card and the data will not be
recoverable. If there are files with the same name in the U-disk at the data export, it overwrite the
same-named file.

Click Exit in the data management interface to return to the main interface.

2.4 Metrical Testing

The products must be inspected according to the company's enterprise standard before leaving the
factory. After the user buys the product, they also need to check regularly in the metrological verification
department. The verificatio shall be subject to the "Verification of dynamic measuring instrument for
foundation pile (JJG930-1998)".

Click Metrical Testing in the main interface, to enter the metrical testing interface, as shown in Figure
2-18.

Figure 2-18 Metrical Testing

2.4.1 Detection Parameters

Click Detection Parameter, the parameter interface as shown in Figure 2-19 will pop up, in which the user
can set the detection-related parameters. Other parameters employ the default values.

Sampling interval is the time difference between two samples of a signal. This value can be set
according to the frequency of the signal source. Refer to Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Corresponding Table between the Signal Frequency and Sampling Interval

Signal source frequency (Hz) Sampling interval (us)

10 1024

20 512

19
 40 256

80 128

160 64

320 32

640 16

Greater than 1280 8

The sampling frequency is the reciprocal of the sampling interval. After selecting the sampling interval,
the sampling frequency is calculated automatically.

Sensitivity is calibrated by the metering department. It generally has been set when leaving the factory.
Users needn’t modify it. Only when the system makes the re-calibration and sensitivity changes or users
change it to other company’s sensor may the user modify it.

Gains is the instrument's magnification of the electrical signal received by the sensor.

Figure 2-19 Parameter Settings

Click Yes to save the parameters and return the verification interface. Click Cancel to use the default
parameters still.

2.4.2 Test Steps

Insert the sensor into the instrument interface, turn on the instrument power supply, after starting, click on
the Metrical Testing in the main interface, to enter the metrical testing interface.

Click Check Parameters, an interface as shown in Figure 2-19 will pop up. Set the parameters according
to the need, and click Yes button to return to the testing interface.

When the frequency and amplitude of the signal source are adjusted to the specified value in the code,
after the vibration table is stable, click Sampling in the testing interface, the signaling starts and the

20
signals collected will be displayed in the waveform area.

After the acquisition is complete, click the wave peak (the position with the maximum signal amplitude) or
the wave valley (the position with the minimum signal amplitude), a vertical cursor will show in the click
position. Click the <, > button in the cursor parameter area, to carry out precise fine-tuning for the cursor
position, and time, amplitude and other information will be displayed in the cursor parameter area. Find
the maximum or minimum position of the amplitude and read the signal amplitude record.

Repeat the above steps until the test is complete.

Click Clear Data to clear current sampled data. Click Exit to return to the main interface.

2.5 System Settings

The system setting function is mainly used to set the instrument information, common display parameters
and so on. Clicking the system settings on the main interface will enter the system settings interface, as
shown in Figure 2-20. Interface contains three tag items as System Settings, Display Settings,
Instrument Information. The user may enter different label item to change settings. After setting, click Yes
button, the settings will be saved and returned to the main interface. Click Cancel , it will return to the
main interface.

Click Software Version, the user could check the current in-machine software version number. After
inserting a U-disk with an update program, click Software Upgrade to automatically complete the
software upgrade operation.

1. System Settings

In the system settings, users can set the system date and system time, as shown in Figure 2-20.

Figure 2-20 System Settings

2. Display Settings

Display settings include the color of the waveform display area, the waveform display line width and
the screen display brightness settings. Users can make changes as needed, as shown in Figure 2-21.

21
 Figure 2-21 Display Settings

3. Instrument information

In instrument information, users can set the test unit, verification information, etc., as shown in Figure
2-22.

Figure 2-22 Instrument Information

To change the contents of the tab page, users need to enter the password (the instrument did not set the
password when leaving the factory, the password input inquiry pop up, input the soft keyboard box and
click the Enter key to edit). Users can click Change the Password to complete the modification of the
login password.

2.6 Auxiliary Function

2.6.1 Status Bar

The status bar is used to display the system's time and battery capacity, as shown in Figure 2-23.

Figure 2-23 Status Bar

The most right-hand battery symbol in the status bar represents the battery capacity. Users can judge the
battery power according to the symbol.

22
 — Full power

— No power

— Charging status

On the left of the Battery symbol is the U-disk state. When there is an U-disk insertion, will display,
which will disappear when the U-disk is pulled out.

2.6.2 Soft Keyboard

When the user needs to enter information, the character or digital keyboard will pop up, as shown in
Figure 2-24.

a）

b）

Figure 2-24 Soft Keyboard

Backspace in the character soft keyboard is the delete key. After clicking it, the position of the input box
cursor or the selected character will be deleted.Esc is the exit key. After clicking it, the soft keyboard will
exit and it makes no change to the previous values. Enter is the confirmation key. After clicking it, the
input character will replace the original character and exit the soft keyboard.

23
When the language switch key displays as Eng, it converts to English input, as shown in Figure 2-24 a).
Under this state, users can enter letters, numbers and symbols. Click the ↑ button, users can shift

letters from Capital or Figures form. Click Lanaguage Shift button, the button will change to 拼 (Madarin)

and switch to Chinese input, as shown in Figure 2-25. Chinese input is a full-spelling input mode. After
the users input the Pinyin for Chinese characters, the corresponding Chinese character list will display.
Input the corresponding number to choose the desired Chinese character according to the Chinese
character number. By clicking << , >> buttons, users can carry out the page-turning operation on
the Chinese characters list.

Please pay attention to the character input range above the soft keyboard when entering characters. If
exceeding the range,the corresponding prompts will pop up and return.

Figure 2-25 Chinese Input

Digital input soft keyboard and character input soft keyboard operation is similar, and no further
explanations will be given here.

24
 Chapter III Guide to Fast Operation

3.1 Preparations before testing

3.1.1 Cleaning pile head

The coupling point of the sensor and the striking point of the hammer must be clean, smooth and hard, so
it is necessary to treat the pile head before testing, remove the floating slurry and other sundries on the
surface of the pile head, and polish two or three pieces of flat surface of the pile head for placing the
sensor and force hammer respectively.

3.1.2 Sensor Installation

In "Technical specification for building foundation pile detection JGJ106", the installation of the sensor is
required as follows:

1) No defect or crack shall be found near the installation point of the sensor;

2) When the hammering point is in the center of the pile top, the distance between the sensor mounting
point and the pile center should be two-thirds of the pile radius, as shown in Figure 3-1;

3) When the hammer striking point is not in the center of the pile top, the distance between the sensor
mounting point and the hammer striking point should not be less than half of the pile radius;

4) For pre-stressed pipe piles, the installation point of the sensor, the angle between the hammer point
and the round center of the pile top should be 90 degrees, as shown in Figure 3-1.

5) For large diameter piles, it is advisable to select 2-4 test points at different positions.

6) Avoid the location of steel bar and concrete quality problems.

Fig.3-1 Coupling point and striking point of sensor

When installing sensor, the butter with greater consistency, Vaseline, plasticine and so on can be used as
coupling agent. The coupling agent should be as thin as possible. Its stickiness should be big. The
adhesion had better not be affected by water and so on. After installation, the sensor must be
perpendicular to the top of the pile and close to the top of the pile. No slip or looseness may occur during
signal acquisition.

Note: After the sensor is glued with the coupling agent, the sensor side is flabbergasted with the
finger. If the sensor does not move, the sensor is installed and can be tested.

3.1.3 Select the appropriate striking equipment

The vibration excitation technique is one of the important links to detect the integrity of foundation pile by

25
reflection wave method. For different length and type of foundation pile, different materials and different
energy excitation equipment are needed. In general, large and long piles are made of strong rod (large
energy, low frequency), short and thin pile or test shallow defects with hand hammer (small energy, high
frequency), intermediate pile can be used with small force rod (energy and frequency are laid between
heavy stick and hand hammer). Of course, the choice of striking equipment is also related to geological
conditions, and the users can choose according to experience. In some complicated cases, the complete
signal of pile body can be obtained by combining high frequency with low frequency. That is, to obtain the
reflection of pile bottom by using low frequency pulse wave, and detect the defect of pile body by using
high frequency pulse wave.

In general, when striking, the device needs to be raised to a certain height (the higher the height, the
greater the energy), and then released so that the free vertical fall. In the rebound after the fall, users
should grasp it, so as avoid multiple striking.

The quality of the strike will directly affect the quality of the test results. It shall be operated by
experienced and skilled workers. The hammer should fall to the spot when striking. The direction of the
hammer and the top of the pile shall be perpendicular to the surface of the pile, so as to avoid the second
impact, producing the instantaneous point source, narrow incident pulse and accord with the
semi-sinusoidal law.

In addition, the force should be moderate. Too light or too heavy striking force will affect the signal quality
(If it is too light, the pile bottom or defect reflection signal will be weak. If it is too heavy, it will cause
"noise" and other interference signals). Therefore, under the precondition that the signal is strong enough
(the bottom-pile reflection signals can be observed), users should strike as gently as possible.

3.2 Testing of New Foundation Pile

3.2.1 Parameter Settings

In the measurement interface, click Project Settings, to set parameters for the new projects and pile files
according to the situation of the site. Click Yes to complete the settings of the parameters and return to
the test interface. For details, refer to section 2.2.2.

3.2.2 Parameter Settings

After clicking Start Sampling button in the test interface, it starts to wait for the user to strike. At this point,
strike with a hand hammer or force bar. After one strike, wait for 2 seconds before making the next strike.
Keep the striking point and strike force each time consistent as possible. When there is a prompt for Too
Heavy Strike, please reduce the impact force or strike height. When there is a prompt for Too Light Strike,
increase the impact force or strike height. After the collection is complete, click Stop Sampling button to
stop the sampling. See Section 2.2.4 for details.

After the sampling stops, click Data Analysis to enter the analysis interface. In the analysis parameter
adjustment area, select the integral, set the appropriate index magnification parameters and so on. After
changing the parameters and carrying out real-time analysis on the current channel waveform, refresh
the display. After the parameter adjustment, click Return, treat all waveforms according to the set
parameters, return to the main interface and refresh the display of the waveform area. See Section 2. 2.7
for details.

26
The better waveforms after processing should be:

1) The waveform of multiple hammering has good repeatability;

2) The waveform reflects the actual situation of the pile, and the reflection of the pile bottom is obvious.

3) The waveform is smooth and should not contain burr or oscillation waveform;

4) The waveform eventually regress to the baseline;

If the collected signal does not meet the above requirements after processing, click Return to return to
the test interface. Then, analyze the reasons. Carry out researches in the test site, and carry out the test
again after excluding the adverse factors affecting the test. After testing the better-shaped waveforms,
click Save Data to save the data.

After replacing the sensor coupling point or the striking point or the striking equipment, click Start
Sampling again. After the signal is collected, carry out analysis and treatment on the signal according to
the parameters set up last time and displayed it in the waveform area. If the waveform collected is good,
click Save Data directly.

If one pile is tested and needs to test another pile, click New Pile in the test interface directly, then input
the pile number to couple the sensor to the grinding position of the pile head of the base pile to be tested.
Then, click the Sampling button to collect the signal. The following steps are the same.

Repeat all these steps until all the piles have been tested. Click Return button to return to the last level of
the interface. And then, turn off the instrument power switch to complete the field test.

3.3 Data Processing

After the field test is completed, the test data stored inside the instrument can be copied to the computer
via U disk. The analysis software under Windows platform will analyze and process all the test data and
issue the test report.

3.4 Precautions for on-site testing

The reflection wave method is suitable for detecting the pile body integrity and determining the degree
and position of the pile body defects. It is a kind of semi-direct method to quickly survey the pile body
quality. Especially, it has the advantages of fast detection speed, low cost and wide detection coverage. It
has become the most widely used method in pile integrity detection.

There are many problems in the application of reflection wave method, which should be paid attention to.
Otherwise, it will have a great influence on the effect of pile integrity detection.

3.4.1 On-the-spot detection key points

To fully understand the characteristics of the instrument, site and pile, and prepare carefully for pre-test:

1) Choose suitable hammer. Prepare special hand hammer and small size force bar for the general small
and medium piles. Long piles should be equipped with enough weight of force rod.

2) Choose reasonable sensor according to pile type and pile head condition.

3) Choose suitable coupling agent and installation method according to weather condition, pile head

27
preparation and selected sensor.

Test the first few piles carefully. Pay attention to whether the wave form is reasonable, and whether the
pile bottom and shallow the reflection of defects is normal.

The sensor, vibration source, installation method and parameter setting can be quickly expanded in the
remaining pile after debugging on the first few piles. In this process, note the questionable piles (or spend
more time on the questionable piles), and attention should be paid to the pile bottom reflection and
shallow defects of each pile. At the same time, pay attentions to signal consistency. Each pile should
ensure that there are more than three of the better consistency of the signal.

3.4.2 Influence of Pile Surrounding Soil on Waveform Curve

In the test of low strain reflection wave method, take full into account of the influence of soil around pile
on collecting waveform curve. Generally speaking, the better mechanical property of soil on pile side is,
the greater the loss of stress wave in soil on pile side is. When the soft soil layer changes to the hard soil
layer around the pile, the waveform curve will produce the reflection wave similar to the diameter
expansion at the corresponding position. When the soil around the pile changes from hard soil layer to
soft soil layer, the waveform curve obtained will produce the reflection wave similar to reducing diameter
in the corresponding position, as shown in Figure 3-2.

a) From soft soil layer to hard soil layer

b) From hard soil layer to soft soil layer

Fig.3-2 Influence of Pile Surrounding Soil on Waveform Curve

If we don't consider the influence of the soil around the pile on the waveform curve and don't know the
geological situation of the pile, it is easy to misjudge.Therefore, in order to better analyze and judge the
quality of the pile, it is necessary to collect and understand the relevant data of the test site, including the
geological data of the site, the physical and mechanical indexes of the rock and soil, and the distribution
and direction of the soil layer. In particular, it is necessary to know the recommended values of water
content, pore ratio, compression modulus, bulk weight, internal friction angle, bearing capacity of
foundation, side friction resistance and end resistance of each stratum within the length range of
foundation pile.

3.4.3 The Advantages and Weaknesses of the Index Amplification

Exponential amplification is a very useful function in the process of on-site signal acquisition, when the
reflection signal of pile bottom is not obvious, as it can ensure that the signal of pile bottom can appear
clearly without clipping the signal of pile head. But some testers argue that it distorts the waveform and
over-highlights defects in the deep part of the pile, which makes sense. Excessive exponential

28
amplification may even create an artificial reflection of the bottom of the pile. But if combined with the
original waveform, properly exponentially amplifying the waveform, as a means to display deep defects
and pile bottom, it is still a very useful function.

3.3.4 The Rotation of Curves

The signal collected by acceleration sensor usually needs integral processing to get the velocity signal.
Because of the drift characteristic and soil resistance, pure linear drift may occur from a certain point, so
that the waveform has more negative or positive components, and the tail does not return to zero.At this
point, it is usually necessary to rotate the curve counter-clockwise or clockwise, so that the curve begins
to increase or decrease from a certain point, so as to ensure the rationality and accuracy of the curve.

3.4.5 About "blind zone"

From the point of view of stress wave dissemination, the strike of hand hammer on pile top can be
regarded as a point source of vibration. A semi-spherical wave can be produced after striking. Only when
the dissemination reaches a certain depth will the spherical wave can be approximately regarded as
plane wave, to satisfy the assumption of flat section. In this depth, the stress wave dissemination is very
complicated and the signal interference is very serious. Theories and measurements show that the "blind
zone" range is once the diameter of the pile below the measuring point to 1/ 2lambda.The low strain
excitation frequency is in the range of 1000 ~ 4000 Hz, so it is the "blind zone" of reflection wave test
within 2 m below the measuring point. Due to the existence of "blind zone", the defects existing in the
shallow part of the foundation pile itself are concealed, so the effect of "blind area" on the test results
should be minimized, so that it, in the actual measurement, needs to reduce the effect of blind areas on
test results by changing the weight of the handhammer, the contact surface stiffness, using appropriate
sensors and test parameters.

3.4.6 Test Technique of Large Diameter Pile

When testing large diameter cast-in-place piles, oscillations often occur due to the interference of shallow
defects, local three-dimensional effects and surface waves, and the signals obtained at different
measuring points (sensor coupling points) and striking points are often not uniform. In this case, it is
generally possible to use the superposition average of the signal to obtain an ideal non-oscillatory signal
that reflects the actual situation of the pile body. Fixed sensors and striking mode, multiple knocks, each
test signal to average. Generally speaking, the average results can eliminate shallow interference,
three-dimensional effect and surface wave effect, making ideal signal outstanding.

3.4.7 Elimination of Signal Oscillation

The causes of signal oscillation are many, such as the sensor coupling is not good, the striking
equipment is not suitable, the strking point concrete is loose or too close to the reinforcement, the pile
head exposed and steel bar is too long, there may be defects in the pile body. All these may produce
oscillation signal. 50Hz interference will also cause low-frequency oscillation. Spectral analysis can be
used to distinguish the oscillations caused by different factors. Whether there is any oscillation in the
acceleration sensor test signal should be observed after integrating into velocity.

If oscillatory signals occur during on-site testing, check first whether the sensor is located properly,
whether the coupling agent is appropriate, and whether the coupling is good (the bond is firm and there is
no loosening). Then, change the striking point. Find a flat, dense concrete surface to strike on. In the

29
strike, try to locate it in the center of the pile, and be away from the steel bars.

In addition, it is best to measure several points on a pile, that is, to change the position of the sensor
coupling point, change the point of strike, and then carry out the test and compare the signals. If the
oscillation signal still exists through the improvement of the above-mentioned aspects, it should be
caused by the defect in the shallow part of the pile. In the broken pile head is easy to produce shallow
cracks around the pile, the core can not be taken, can be excavated to see. For the hand-dug pile, there
will be a similar oscillation signal due to the influence of retaining wall.

3.4.8 Protection of Connection and Signal Line

The instrument and the sensor are linked by the signal line. The joint position is the most easy place to go
wrong, no matter the sensor joint, the signal line connection and the power line connection. They are
generally all welded, therefore the load-bearing ability and the anti-bending ability is poor. So, in order to
strengthen the connection of these parts at the same time, in the actual use process, we should try our
best to avoid bearing weight and strong folding pull. When turning the field, hold the sensor with hands. If
the sensor is suspended, it is very easy to cause the joint to fall off. In addition to the key protection joint,
the aging and folding deformation of the signal line will seriously reduce the life and reliability of use.
When storing and packing, the signal line should not be in the folding state for a long time, nor should it
be associated with corrosive substances for a long time. The mud sand, salt and stain should be cleaned
in time. During on-the-spot test, users should try to avoid pulling and flinging signal lines. To prevent
pedestrians from stirring, the front end of the signal line must be fixed. Once the insulation resistance is
reduced or the contact is not good enough to use the signal line, it’d better abandon the old one and buy
a new one.

3.4.9 The Limitations of the Low-strain Reflection Wave Method and the Improved Analysis
Method

1. Limitations of low strain reflected wave method:

1) Only by analyzing the relative variation of the generalized wave impedance can we distinguish the
reduction and expansion classes, and calculate the defect location. But the defect property and
orientation can not be determined. For example, shrinkage diameter and segregation, serious
segregation and pile-breaking, interlayer and fracture are not well divided. Further identification of the
nature of the defect requires testing experience and other supplementary information.

2) The quantitative analysis of defect degree is difficult to achieve ideal effect, so it is only possible to give
the defect degree qualitatively. Due to the inaccuracy of wave velocity calculation or selection, it is
difficult to calculate the degree of defect location quality reduction.

3) The relation between average wave velocity and concrete strength cannot be given accurately.

4) Low strain reflection wave method cannot measure correctly for piles with a length-to-diameter ratio
exceeding a certain limit, extreme shallow or too small defects, such as, the high-frequency signal
transmission can not go on, the test range is limited, low-frequency signal resolution is insufficient, easy
to miss defects and so on.

5) If there are many defects in the pile body, the deep defect is easy to be misjudged. If the first defect is
in the shallow part, it can be re-detected by digging and chiseling the upper defect, otherwise it can only

30
be further detected by other methods.

6) It is difficult to judge the defects of the impedance gradient class and may even draw the opposite
conclusion. For example, shrinkage, segregation and enlargement occur at a certain section of the pile
body, the defect degree is from light to heavy or heavy to light, the corresponding wave impedance
decreases or increases slowly, and the measured signal can not reflect this change. In special cases,
such as sudden recovery to the original cross-section after the shrinkage of the pile, it may be possible to
conclude that there is a "favourably" defect such as enlargement of the pile body, which is very
dangerous.

2. In order to accurately analyze pile body defects, it is necessary to:

1) Based on geological data and construction records to analyze the integrity of foundation pile. Pile type
and construction technology have great influence on pile integrity and defect type. For example:
Prefabricated pile, hand-dug hole pile can not reduce diameter. Many defects or quality accidents occur
at the point of flowing water or in the change of strata. Stratigraphic changes can also have an effect on
waveforms (which can produce reflected waves) and so on. So it is very helpful to check the geological
data and know the construction record to determine the defect location.

2) Using quantitative analysis software to judge the defect degree of foundation pile. Although there are
some shortcomings in the quantitative analysis software itself, it analyzed the detailed process of stress
wave propagation in pile body. As long as the parameters of soil around pile are selected reasonably, its
function is far greater than our judgment of the defect degree of wave form with naked eye.

3) Comprehensively analyze all the tested piles in the same project. The geological and construction
conditions of the same project are almost the same. By looking for the commonness between the tested
piles and analyzing the situation of each pile, the analysis result can be improved effectively. Sometimes
it is easy to make a mistake to analyze only one pile without understanding the whole project.

31
 Chapter IV Maintenance of the Instrument

4.1 Power supply

This instrument uses the built-in special rechargeable lithium battery for power supply. Please pay
attention to the power indicator when use it. If the power is insufficient, use the external charger power
supply to charge the instrument as soon as possible. Otherwise, sudden power outages may cause test
data loss or even damage to the system. When the rechargeable battery is close to the battery charging
and discharging life, if you find that the battery is not working properly (not charging at all, not satisfied
with charging or short time after each charging), it is likely that the rechargeable battery have been
damaged or the life has ended, contact our company to replace the new batteries. It is forbidden to
short-circuit the battery or close to high temperature heat source.

4.2 Charging

When charging the internal battery with the AC-DC power adapter matched with this instrument, it is only
necessary to connect the power plug end to the AC220 ± 10% V socket, and connect the DC output end
to the power outlet of the stake measuring instrument. When the charging indicator lights up on the side
panel of the instrument, it means charging the built-in battery of the instrument. When the indicator light
turns green, it indicates a slow charge.

If the equipment is not used for a long time, the rechargeable battery will discharge naturally, resulting in
the reduction of electricity. It should be recharged before use. During the charging process, the
instrument and AC-DC power supply will have a certain heat. This is normal. Under this situation, keep
the instrument, AC-DC power supply or charger well ventilated and easy for heat dissipation.

NOTE: No other power adapter shall be used to charge the instrument, otherwise it may cause damage to the
instrument.

4.3 Sensor

Stronger shocks or vibrations can cause the sensor's performance to decline or damage, so the sensor
should be prevented from falling from height or being pressed under heavy objects.

4.4 Storage

After each use of the instrument, properly clean the host, sensors, etc. to prevent water, mud and other
access from entering the plug-in or equipment which would result in the performance of the instrument or
damage. Please put the instrument in the packing box when you don't use it. The instrument should be
kept in a ventilated, cool, dry and room temperature environment. If not use it for a long time, check it
regularly.

NOTE: Do not put instrument and accessories in water or scrub with wet cloth! Do not scrub the instrument and
accessories with organic solvents!

32
 Chapter V Introduction of Software

The Gaotiejian Reflection Wave Method software is a multi-function analysis software developed by
Beijing Gaotiejian Technology Development Co., Ltd., which is used to analyze the data of Gaotiejian
foundation pile dynamic measuring instrument. It can run on Windows operating system.The software is
processed in accordance with "Technical specification for building foundation pile detection"
(JGJ106-2014).

This software mainly has the following functions:

1. It can modify and process the project information.

2. It can delete and superimpose the detection waveform.

3. It can integrate, filter, magnify the detection waveform, so that the useful information in the
waveform is more prominent. Moreover, it can carry out spectrum analysis on the waveform and
carry out auxiliary analysis on the the pile integrity.

4. It can zoom, stretch, compress, rotate the waveform, being convenient for users to adjust
the viewing effect.

5. It can adjust the pile head and the bottom of the waveform detected.

6. It can make multi-position defect mark on the waveform.

7. It can restore the waveform in picture form.

8. It can generate Word report document and Excel report document, the users only need to
modify it slightly to complete the test report.

33
 Chapter VI Software Installation

This software can run on Windows operating system.

This software does not need to install, directly runs the EXE file

Figure 6-1 Runnable program

You can switch languages in Settings

Figure 6-2 Software Interface

34
 Chapter VII Foundation Pile Testing and Analysis Software with

Reflection Wave Method

7.1 Software Introduction

Gaotiejian reflection wave method foundation pile detection and analysis software is developed by
Beijing Gaotiejian Technology Development Co., Ltd. The processing object is the files with data tested
by iwin-P800 foundation pile dynamic measuring instrument.

This software mainly has 7 parts, including the title bar, menu bar, toolbar, pile transmission information
area, wave information area, pile file area and waveform display area composition.

Figure 7-1 Software Interface

The title bar displays software icons, current window names and three standard Windows application
buttons from left to right. The three standard Windows application buttons are - ---Minimization button,
□--Maximization button, ╳ Close Program button.

The menu bar consists of five drop-down menu items, as shown in Figure 7-2. Click on each menu item,
a drop-down menu will appear, with each corresponding to a set of functions.This function is invalid in the
current state when some menu item is in ash state.

Figure 7-2 Menu Bar

The toolbar consists of a series of buttons, as shown in Figure 7-3. Each button implements a common
function that is exactly the same as what is on the menu. If the users pause the mouse over a button, the
function of the button will automatically be displayed on the screen. This function is invalid in the current
state when the button color is in ash state.

Figure 7-3 Toolbar

35
7.2 Pile Information Area

The pile information area displays the basic information of the currently selected pile, as shown in Figure
7-4. Users can modify the items.

Figure 7-4 Pile Information Area

7.3 Waveform Parameter Area

The waveform parameter area shows the processing parameters of the selected pile waveform, as
shown in Figure 7-5. Users can modify the items. After the parameters modification, the software will treat
the waveform according to the parameters modified.

Figure 7-5 Waveform Parameter Area

Application scope: select the scope of waveform parameters. It is default for the selection of the current
record. To modify all the current pile waveform unified, it needs to select the current pile.

DeDC: Treat the DC component so that the end of the waveform does not bend after integral processing.

Integral: When the acceleration sensor is used to detect, the signal collected is the acceleration signal. It
looks more chaotic, and it generally needs to carry on the integral processing, turning it into the speed
signal, and it will look more clear in this way.

Wavelet factor: Wavelet analysis of waveform processing.

Amplification: When the signal at the bottom of the pile is weak, it is generally necessary to amplify the
waveform to make the signal at the bottom of the pile stand out. Users can set the type of amplification,
magnification and magnification starting point, to amplify the waveform processing.

Smoothing Points: Smoothing the waveform to 0 – 512.

Filtering: Filter the waveform. Low cut-off frequency range 0-500. The high cut-off frequency range
500-5000. When the filtering mode is low-pass, the low cut-off frequency is gray and cannot be edited.
When the filtering mode is high-pass, the high cut-off frequency is gray and cannot be edited When the
filtering mode is bandpass, both high and low cutoff frequencies are editable.

36
Waveform rotation: Carry out rotation the waveform. The positive number rotates clockwise. The negative
number rotates counterclockwise, with the range-10000-10000.

Spectral analysis length: The spectral analysis length value can be modified in the spectral view state.

Tensile-compression ratio: the waveform can be transverse tension or compression.

Default parameter: Modify each parameter value to the default state, as shown in Figure 7-5.

7.4 Pile Document Area

The pile file area displays all the pile files contained in the current project file, as shown in Figure 7-6.
Double-click the name of the pile file to display the information detected by the pile.The checklist before
the serial number determines whether or not to output information to the pile file, such as image report,
report generation, etc.

Figure 7-6 File Area

Click the left mouse button at the currently displayed pile file name to modify the pile file name (Note: The
suffix must be. Pip).

7.5 Waveform Display Area

The waveform display area shows the measured waveform of the current pile, as shown in Figure 7-7.
When the waveform viewing effect is not good, the users may modify the length of the waveform by the
tension-compression ratio in the waveform parameters. Through the options box in the toolbar, modify
the height of the wave display (pixel) numeric change the height of the waveform display.

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 Figure 7-7 Waveform Display Area

Each waveform has a scale display below it, and the scale can be length or time.

The order number, the channel and the hammer are displayed in the upper left corner of each waveform,
in the form of fractions. If being red, it indicates the current selected waveform, other waveform shows
blue. The denominator in the sequence number is the number of all the waveforms of the current pile,
and the molecule is the position of all the waveforms of the current pile file. The denominator in the
channel is the number of channel measured by the current pile, and the numerator is the number of
channels measured by the current wave form.The denominator of the hammer is the number of hammers
per pass, and the numerator is the number of hammers measured by each channel.

Each wave shows two vertical lines indicating the position of the pile head and the pile bottom
respectively.The green dotted line represents the defect location set by the user. The number next to the
green dotted line indicates the position or time corresponding to the defect.

The red check in the upper right corner of the waveform is the print mark. The image output in the toolbar
is only for the waveform with the print mark. Print IDs can be removed or added.

Click anywhere in the waveform area, and the corresponding position will show a black vertical line, and
the bottom left corner of the screen will show the corresponding information for that position, as shown in
Figure 7-8. When T is acoustic (relative to the beginning of waveform), DT is acoustic time difference
(relative to pile head), L is length, C is wave velocity and Y is wave amplitude.

Figure 7-8 Position Information Display

Right-click in the waveform area and pop up the menu shown in Figure 7-9.

○1 Pile head: Set the selected position to pile head. The pile head position can not be behind the pile
bottom.

○2 Pile bottom: Set the selected position to pile bottom. The pile bottom position can not be before the pile
head.

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○3 Defect: Set the defect type at the selected location.

○4 Clear: Clear the waveform defect.

○5 Automatic calculation of pile head: The position of pile head is calculated automatically by software.

○6 Graphical output: output selected waveform.

○7 Delete Waveform: Delete the selected waveform.

Figure 7-9

When the spectrum view is displayed, the following frequency scale is displayed. The green vertical
dotted line represents a peak frequency and the upper right corner shows the correlation frequency data
of the spectrum (main frequency Fm, frequency resolution F0, each peak frequency and its frequency
difference).As shown in Figure 7-10.

Figure 7-10 Spectrum View

Clicking the left mouse button in the spectrum view , a black vertical line will display. Press the left mouse
button and drag the mouse, on the right side of the black vertical line, the corresponding position of the
frequency value will show.

Right-click in the spectrum view and pop up the menu shown in Figure 7-11 to clear or add peak
frequencies.The maximum peak frequency in a waveform can be set to 5.

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 Figure 7-11

7.6 Menu Bar

7.6.1 File Menu

1. New Project:

Figure 7-12 Project Information Settings

2. Open an Project: Open the Project File (Prj) to view and process.

3. Save the project: Save the modified pile file into the project file.

4. Project save as: save the currently opened project document as a new project document.

5. Close project: Close an opened project file.

6. Add files: Add pile files to an open project or new project. Multiple pile files can be selected to add. The
mthod to select multiple pile file: open the folder where the pile file is located, as shown in Figure 7-13.
Click on a pile file, then press the Shift key in the keyboard, and click on a pile file below, so that all files
between the two pile files are selected. Users can also hold down the Ctrl key in the keyboard to select
multiple files.

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 Figure 7-13 Select File Dialog Box

7. Remove files: Delete one of the pile files in the project.

Click on the file button in the menu bar and a drop-down menu shows. Click on the remove file, and the
prompt box shown in Figure 7-14 pops up.

Remove only: Only remove the selected file from the list, without deleting the file. The pile file still exists
when the project file is reopened.

Remove and physically delete: Remove the selected file from the list, and delete the file thoroughly.

Figure 7-14 File Removal Prompt

8. Open pile file: only open one pile file (with the extension name of Pip).

9. Save Pile Files: Save the modified Pile Files.

10. Save Pile file as: save the currently opened pile file as a new pile file.

11. Close the pile file: Close the open single pile file.

12. Generate bitmap: output the printed signature waveform in the selected pile file in the form of
picture.

13. Exit: Exit the software.

7.6.2 Editing Menu

1. Cancel the operation: Cancel the previous modification of the current waveform.

2. Restore Operation: Restore the last cancelled operation on the current waveform.

3. Pile Head Alignment: Align the position of the most backward pile head in the current pile file from all
the channel waveforms in the file.

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4. Automatically locate pile head: Calculate and relocate the pile head automatically for all channel
waveform software in the current pile file.

5. Waveform Overlay: superikpose multiple waveforms and add the superimposed waveforms to the end
of the pile file.

6. Delete Waveform: Delete the current selected waveform.

7.6.3 View Menu

1. Sampling parameters: Look at the sampling parameters set in the instrument during testing, as shown
in Figure 7-15, and no parameters can be modified here.

Figure 7-15 Sampling Parameters

2. Spectrum view: to display the waveform in the waveform display area in spectrum form.

3. Pile information: show or hide the pile information area, default as Display state.

4. Waveform parameters: show or hide the waveform parameter area, default as Display state.

5. Pile file: show or hide the pile file area, default as Display status.

6. Toolbars: Show or hide toolbars, default as Display status.

7.6.4 Setting Menu

1. Options: Set the software interface display effect.

Figure 7-16 Options

Horizontal coordinate: Modify the horizontal coordinate display unit, which can be shown in length or time

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form.

Defect location: Modify the defect location display unit, which can be shown in length or time form.

Wave Display Height (Pixel): Modify the height of waveform in the waveform display area. The input
range is 50-500, default as 120.

Display Grid: Displays or hides the grid in the waveform display area.

Display ordinate: Displays or hides the ordinate scale in the waveform display area.

Standardization: Let each waveform display full of waveform area. No matter what the maximum value of
waveform, it will display as maximum.

Locking pile length, wave speed: When the current option is selected, after modifying the pile length or
wave speed in the pile information area, the software automatically calculates the position of the pile
bottom.

Sets the pile bottom type: When setting the pile bottom, may set the pile bottom type. The type at the
bottom of the pile can be displayed in the bottom of the waveform.

2. Project information: Set up or modify project information.

7.6.5 Tools Menu

1. Graphical output: output the waveform with the print ID in the currently selected pile file to the word
document.

2. Generate reports: Generate the first draft of the test report document. This operation requires that the
computer be equipped with a Chinese version of Word 97 (or later).This report is the first draft, and users
need to modify and edit according to the actual situation to form the final test report.

3. Generate summary table: generate test report.This requires that the computer be equipped with an
Excel 97 Chinese version (or later).

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