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Newproductdevelopment 120827035622 Phpapp02
Newproductdevelopment 120827035622 Phpapp02
ABSTRACT
1. Introduction 03
6. Case study 1 13
7. Case study 2 18
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INTRODUCTION:-
Before knowing about what is new product development we must know what is a product for
which an organization has to go through a lot of stages and phases? Then an organization
comes up with his new product in the market.
In business and engineering, New Product Development (NPD); is the term used to
describe “the complete process of bringing a new product or service to market”. We
must also be aware of the fact that companies must grow through New Product
Development to survive and flourish in the long run. The core technology must be
grown in the organization. Technology is growing at an ever increasing rate and must
be integrated into product development otherwise the market niche of today will be
absolute and displaced by companies with the new technology. One of the major
challenges in marketing planning is to develop ideas for new products and to launch
them successfully. There are two parallel paths involved in the NPD process:-
Companies typically see new product development as the first stage in generating and
commercializing new products within the overall strategic process of product life cycle
management used to maintain or grow their market share.
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TYPES OF NEW PRODUCTS:-
“There are several general categories of new products some are new to the market (ex.DVD
player into the Home Movie market). Some are new to the company (ex. Game consoles for
SONY), some are completely novel and create totally new markets (ex. The Airline Industry).
When viewed against a different criterion, some new product concepts are nearly minor
modifications of existing products while some are completely innovative to the company. In
the area of new product development, here are some commonly accepted new product
terms- Bozz, Hamilton and Allen identified six categories of new products:-
1) New to the world products- New product that create an entirely new market. These
products are new to the market. Consumers are going to use these products first time in their
life. These products are innovative kinds of product.
Example:- Apple i-Pod
2) New product lines - New product that allow company to enter an established market for
the first time.
3) Addition to the existing product lines: - When new product add supplement in the
established product market. This is called as the addition to the existing product lines.
Example: - Nokia add features in their hand sets.
4) Improvement and revisions of existing products:- New products that provide improved
performance or greater perceived value and replace existing products.
Example: - Intel Centrino, Duo processor etc.
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5) Repositioning:- Existing product that are targeted to new market or market segments.
Through this a company repositioning its products and goodwill in the market. For Example:
- Gillette Company launched the new Mp3 power wet shaver for men in 2004.
6) Cost Reduction:- New product that provide similar performance at lower cost.
Example: - Tata sky provide set top box at the lower cost with similar features which are
present at the time of launching the prod
GREAT RISK:- When a company launches a new product in the market, it faces a lot of
problems. There are lots challenge faces at the time of launching of the product. A company
can add new products through acquisition or development. The acquisition route can take
three forms. The company can buy other companies, it can acquire patents from other
companies or it can buy a license or franchise from another company.
The development route can take two forms. The company can develop new product in its own
laboratories, or it can contract with the independent or new product development firms to
develop specific new products. We can identify six categories of new products.
Less than 10 percent of all new products are truly innovative and new to the world. These
products involve the greater cost and risk because they are new to both the company and the
market place. So company faces lots of challenges for launching the innovative product. So
the companies have adopted some principle to guide its new product development.
Cost of developments.
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Capital shortage.
There are some successful factors which help in making the new product a success
one. One key product is making superior product and another is well defined product
concept prior to the development. Other factors are market synergy,quality of execution
in all stages & market attractiveness.
9. Over optimism about the market plans leads to forecast that cannot be
sustained in the real world.
10. Questionable pricing strategy implementation.
11. The advertising campaign generates an insufficient level of new product / new
service awareness.
These are the main failures which are hinder in new product development. And must
be considered before launching a product in the market.
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1) Generation of the new idea
2) Idea Screening
3) Concept Development and Testing
4) Business Analysis
5) Product Development
6) Marketing Strategy
7) Test Marketing
8) Commercialization
.
CONCEPT MARKETING
DEVELOPME STRATEGY
NT & &
TESTTESTING DEVELOPME
NT
IDEA BUSINESS
SCREANING ANALYSIS
THE PROCESS
OF NEW PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCT
IDEA
DEVELOP-
GENERATION
MENT
COMMERCIA- MARKET
LISATION TESTING
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Step 1. Idea Generation
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The new product development process starts with the search of ideas. The objective of idea
generation is to gather as many ideas as possible & from any and all possible sources.
Possible sources include:-
In addition, there are number of marketing research techniques that may be used when an
organization purposefully seeks to generate new product ideas. These include brainstorming,
morphological analysis, scenario writing and demand forecasting. New product ideas can be
come from interacting with various groups & from creativity generation techniques.
The emphasis, at this stage, is upon the quantity of ideas with no source, no idea,
being rejected. Example, that Alexander Fleming, who is credited with the discovery of
penicillin, did not realize its practical application as an antibiotic. This development was left to
others scientists and it did not happen for a decade after Fleming first observed the chance
killing of a bacterial culture on a dish. Likewise, it is said that when ICI first developed
polystyrene no one knew what to do with it.
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A GO-ERROR occurs when the company permits a poor idea to move into
development and commercialization.
Many factors contribute to the failure of new products but a principal cause is the
inability to predict customer response to new products and services. Systematic tests can be
used to reduce expensive failures. These include; concept testing, market positioning tests,
product testing and market testing.
Concept testing involves presenting the product concept to appropriate target consumers
and getting their reactions. The concepts can be presented symbolically or physically. The
product idea has to be converted to a product concept.
The more the tested concepts resemble the final product or experience, the more
dependable concept testing is. Today firms can use rapid prototyping to design
products on a computer, and then produce plastic models of each. Potential consumers
can view the plastic models and give their reactions.
Concept 1: A snack food for people who, on specific occasions, find that they have
insufficient time to consume a full meal. (The statement could be further
elaborated to specify whether it is intended as an alternative breakfast food or to
be taken at other times of the day).
Concept 5: A food for babies to sustain health and promote rapid growth.
It can be seen from these examples that a product concept statement will often reveal where
the product is to be positioned in the market. Each product concept would engage a different
set of competitors. If only one concept statement is used then this may or may not position
the product in the market in which it has the best chance of success or where potential profits
are greatest.
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1. Estimating total sales: Total estimated sales are the sum of estimated first-time sales,
replacement sales, and repeat sales.
2. Estimating costs and profits: Costs are estimated by the R&D, manufacturing,
marketing, and finance departments.
The most complex method of estimating profit is risk analysis. Here three estimates
(optimistic, pessimistic and most likely) are obtained for each uncertain variable affecting
profitability under an assumed marketing environment and marketing strategy for the
planning period.
• The first part describes the target market’s size, structure, and behavior; the planned
product positioning; and the sales, market share, and profit goals sought in the first
few years.
• The second part outlines the planned price, distribution strategy, and marketing
budget for the first year.
• The third part of the marketing-strategy plan describes the long-run sales and profit
goals and marketing-mix strategy over time.
When the prototype re ready, they must be put thought rigorous functional and consumer
tests. The functional tests are conducted under laboratory and field conditions to make sure
that the product performs safety and effectively. Consumer tests can ake a variety of forms,
from bringing consumers into a lab to test the product versions to giving those samples to
use in their houses.
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Step 7. Test Marketing
After the management is satisfied with the product’s functional performance, the product
is ready to be dressed up with a brand name, packing and a preliminary marketing
program o be tested in more authentic consumer setting.
The purpose of the marketing is to learn how consumers and dealers react to handling,
using and repurchasing the actual product and how large the market is.
For test marketing consumer goods, the methodology involves sales-wave research,
simulated store technique, controlled test marketing and test marketing.
New industrial products typically undergo extensive product testing in the labs to measure
performance, reliability, design and operating cost. The next most common method is a
product use test where the manufacturer selects some potential customers who agree to
use the new product for a limited period. A second common market test is to introduce
the new industrial products at the trade shows. Testing can also be done in distribution
and dealer display rooms.
Step 8. Commercialization
At this stage ,the company takes the decision to go in for large-scale manufacturing and
marketing of the product .It gets to this stage only when all the previous step provide
favorable single . At this stage, the company fully commits itself to commercialize the new
product with the required investment in manufacturing and marketing.
In launching the new product, the company must take four decisions:-
1) When: - when it is right time to introduce the product.
2) Where: - whether to launch in a single locality, a region, several region, the national
markets etc.
3) To whom: - within the rollout market the company must target its distribution and
promotion to the best prospect groups.
4) How:- company must develop an action plan for introducing the new product into
rollout market.
TITAN WATCHES
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Background:
It was seen as the first step into maturity, if not adulthood. This was also
the time when buying a watch was similar to buying a car -- the choice
It was in this scenario that the Tata’s decided to enter the Indian
watches as their starting point. Two factors seemed critical to the success
styling (whether elegant, sport or other). And the Tata’s believed that they
satisfied with what was available. HMT had a 90 %market share, and few
found reason for complaint with the product. Those wanting more could
Researching the market: The first step for Titan, as with any serious
product launch, was consumer research. The first round was conducted
consumers. Given the Tata backing, it would seem that Titan was on safe
ground. By 1987, just before entry, further research into the existing
affordable.
What then could Titan be? Titan sought to enter the market with quartz
technology, with the rationale that it was modern, international and cost-
effective. To this end a 16-acre ultra modern factory was set up at Hosur
at a cost of Rs.40 cr. -- one of the worlds’s most advanced and fully
Titan knew that the only way to be noticed and to be successful was to
redefine the product category itself. The Titan product, therefore, was
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After all possible research, Titan entered the Indian market courageously,
with a product that was aimed to enter the national mind-set as a personal
accessory.
It is worth nothing how, for its public face Titan’s stress was on the latter,
with other elements of the marketing mix being allowed to take care of the
were:
The Product
The Price
shops.
The Place
The Promotion
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This was one of the most visible faces of Titan. The innovative ‘showcase’
advertising in the print medium depicted the wide range. Prices placed
(1991-92)
Titan 57
HMT 27
Timex 00
IMFQ 16
(1992-93)
Titan 56
HMT 23
Timex 03
IMFQ 18
(1993-94)
Titan 52
HMT 13
Timex 19
IMFQ 16
(1994-95)
Titan 46
HMT 09
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Timex 23
IMFQ 22
(1995-96)
Titan 39
HMT 07
Timex 24
IMFQ 30
By all accounts, and after 10 years, the Titan strategy has outlined the
correct ways for pushing a mass brand. A quick look at the brand reveals
the following:
accessory, rather than as a timepiece, Titan has been able to keep on re-
The Titan Showroom has become a landmark on our cities’ streets. How
many other brands can claim that? Within 10 years of its inception? Today
any mass entrant to India in the same category would find it extremely
difficult to match its quality of distribution. Those who tied up with Titan (a’
Conclusion
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There is no question that Titan today is a successful branding story. I feel
quite strongly that Titan watches should always retain the ‘Titan’ name on
the dial. I am not sure as to what extent the brand image of Titan has
so as to increase not only the total watch market, but also its market
Case study:-2
The case study of Bajaj pulsar:
Bajaj has been synonymous with scooters in India, and scooters have
been the typical family transportation vehicle for urban middle-class consumers. There was a
time when the demand for Bajaj scooters far outstripped the supply, and the brand enjoyed a
near-monopoly status.
The policy of liberalization by the government and the changes in the
competitive landscapes transformed the market for scooters. In addition, economic progress
of the country- which improved the income levels of the people- and the rising aspirations of
the middle class enabled Maruti 800 cars to gradually replace scooters from their role of a
middle-class family vehicle. In order to buckle the trend in the market for scooters, the
company introduced technologically superior products.
The four-stroke engine and a sleeker design helped in slowing down the decline in the
demand for scooters. However, the major strategic shift for the company was in the market
focus: the company decided to concentrate on the motorcycles- the product strategy that was
increasingly becoming a lifestyle statement for the youngsters.
For achieving market dominance the company introduced an array of
motorcycles. This approach helped the company in keeping the brand contemporary and
relevant for consumers. Bajaj has also introduced various sections of motorcycles it includes
premium section as well as average section.
CONCLUSION:-
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As it was known that the trends of scooter had shown a high decline
in its sales and resulting from that, In order to buckle the trend in the market for scooters, the
company introduced technologically superior products.
The four-stroke engine and a sleeker design helped in slowing down the decline in the
demand for scooters. However, the major strategic shift for the company was in the market
focus: the company decided to concentrate on the motorcycles.
Jumping from scooter for which (Bajaj motors was famous and had its
monopoly in the market) to the motorcycle sections is the best example of new product
development as well as technological advancement. Due to moving towards the motorcycle
section Bajaj again capture the market. And all this occur due to new technological
advancement and technological superior products. As it is known that the bajaj products are
technically sound in mileage as compare to other company products. Like we can take
example of:-
• BAJAJ CT100 - 100cc
• BAJAJ XCD -125cc
Are some good example of the technological advancement of products and development of
new products. So, it is simply proved that how new product development is necessary and
beneficial for Bajaj motors. This new product development policy help Bajaj in making
technological advanced products and also played important role in the increase of market
share and sale. Simply we can say that not only Bajaj motors are benefited by new product
development process each and every company can take advantage of it.
Bibliography:-
Following are the reliable sources referred in project completion:-
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WEBSITES:-
http://www.google.com
http;//www.bajaauto.com
http;//www.metacase.com
BOOKS:-
“Principal of marketing”- Philip Kotler and Gray Armstrong
MAGAZINES:-
Business world Group- Business World
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