Keras

Keras is an open-source library that provides a Python interface

for artificial neural networks. Keras acts as an interface for the
Keras
TensorFlow library.

Up until version 2.3, Keras supported multiple backends, including

TensorFlow, Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit, Theano, and
PlaidML.[2][3][4] As of version 2.4, only TensorFlow is supported.
However, starting with version 3.0 (including its preview version,
Keras Core), Keras will become multi-backend again, supporting
TensorFlow, JAX, and PyTorch.[5] Designed to enable fast
experimentation with deep neural networks, it focuses on being
user-friendly, modular, and extensible. It was developed as part of
the research effort of project ONEIROS (Open-ended Neuro- Original author(s) François
Electronic Intelligent Robot Operating System),[6] and its primary Chollet
author and maintainer is François Chollet, a Google engineer. Developer(s) ONEIROS
Chollet is also the author of the Xception deep neural network
Initial release 27 March 2015
model.[7]
Stable release 2.13.1[1] / 27
June 2023
Features
Repository github.com
Keras contains numerous implementations of commonly used /keras-team
neural-network building blocks such as layers, objectives, /keras (https://
activation functions, optimizers, and a host of tools for working github.com/ker
with image and text data to simplify programming in deep neural as-team/keras)
network area. The code is hosted on GitHub, and community
Written in Python
support forums include the GitHub issues page, and a Slack
channel. Platform Cross-platform
Type Frontend for
In addition to standard neural networks, Keras has support for
TensorFlow
convolutional and recurrent neural networks. It supports other
common utility layers like dropout, batch normalization, and License Apache 2.0
pooling.[8] Website keras.io (http
s://keras.io/) 
Keras allows users to produce deep models on smartphones (iOS and Android), on the web, or on the Java
Virtual Machine.[3] It also allows use of distributed training of deep-learning models on clusters of graphics
processing units (GPU) and tensor processing units (TPU).[9]

See also
Comparison of deep-learning software

References
1. "Release 2.13.1" (https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v2.13.1). 27 June 2023.
Retrieved 6 July 2023.
2. "Keras backends" (https://keras.io/backend/). keras.io. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
3. "Why use Keras?" (https://keras.io/why-use-keras/). keras.io. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
4. "R interface to Keras" (https://keras.rstudio.com/). keras.rstudio.com. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
5. "Introducing Keras Core: Keras for TensorFlow, JAX, and PyTorch" (https://keras.io/keras_co
re/announcement/). Keras.io. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
6. "Keras Documentation" (https://keras.io/#why-this-name-keras). keras.io. Retrieved
2016-09-18.
7. Chollet, François (2016). "Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable
Convolutions". arXiv:1610.02357 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.02357).
8. "Core - Keras Documentation" (https://keras.io/layers/core/). keras.io. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
9. "Using TPUs | TensorFlow" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190604082736/https://www.tens
orflow.org/guide/using_tpu). TensorFlow. Archived from the original (https://www.tensorflow.o
rg/guide/using_tpu) on 2019-06-04. Retrieved 2018-11-14.

External links
Official website (https://keras.io/)
Keras (https://github.com/keras-team/keras) on GitHub

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