Unit 10

Matrices
• Definition (m x n)
a set of numbers arranged in rows and columns
The numbers are called the elements, or entries, of the matrix.

• Identify matrix (e.g. size, aij)

1 0
𝐼(2,2) = [ ]
0 1
1 0 0
𝐼(3,3) = [0 1 0]
0 0 1

 Properties of matrix

 0 matrix
zero matrix or null matrix is a matrix all of whose entries
are zero
 Unit 11
Differentiations
• Definition
process of finding the derivative, or rate of change, of a
function.
• Differentiation of simple functions
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 1−1 = 𝑥 0 = 1
• Differentiation of trigonometric function

Unit 12
Integration
• Definition
Integration is the calculation of an integral. Integrals in maths
are used to find many useful quantities such as areas, volumes,
displacement, etc

• Indefinite integral of simple functions

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥2
𝑥 1+1 𝑥2
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∫ = +𝐶
1+1 2
 • Integration of trigonometric function

 Definite integral of simple function

The definite integral is defined to be exactly the limit and
summation that we looked at in the last section to find the
net area between a function and the x -axis

Complex Numbers (Rectangular form)

Complex numbers are the numbers that are expressed in the form of a+ib
where, a,b are real numbers and ‘i’ is an imaginary number
The main application of these numbers is to represent periodic motions
such as water waves, alternating current, light waves, etc., which rely on
sine or cosine waves, etc
Complex number (rectangular form)
𝒁 = 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊
Polar form
𝒁 = 𝒓(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝒊𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)
𝒃
𝒓√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝒂