1.

UPPER LIMB AND THORAX

Index

cubital fossa 103 ulnar 120

A boundaries 103 anterior and posterior ulnar
Abscesses, breast 44 clinical anatomy 105 recurrent 199
Anatomical snuffbox 27, 114 contents 104 common interosseous 199
Anthropoid 5 posterior compartment 105 anterior interosseous 199
Aorta 311 clinical anatomy 107, 109 posterior interosseous 199
arch of 312 profunda brachii artery 110 superficial branch 199
course 313 branches 110 deep branch 199
relations 313 radial nerve 107 arch of the aorta 312, 334
ascending 312 branches and distribution 108 ascending aorta 334
clinical anatomy 316 origin, course and descending thoracic aorta 314,
descending thoracic 314 termination 107 334
branches 315 relations 108 internal mammary 333
course 314 triceps brachii 106 left common carotid 334
relations 315 shaft of the humerus 94 left subclavian 334
lateral epicondyle 94 pulmonary trunk 333
Aortic aneurysm 344
medial epicondyle 94
Aortic regurgitation 296 Arteries of thorax 341
supracondylar ridges 94
Aortic stenosis 295 Articular disc
surface landmarks of arm 94
Arches of hand 151 in acromioclavicular joint 155
greater tubercle of
distal transverse arch 151 in inferior radioulnar joint 168
the humerus 94
longitudinal arch 151 in sternoclavicular joint 155
Artery/Arteries 333
proximal transverse arch 151 Autonomic nervous system 338
anterior interosseous 121
Arm 94 atypical intercostal nerves 341
axillary 54, 180, 198
anastomoses around the elbow anterior circumflex nerve supply of heart 340
joint 101 humeral artery 58 nerve supply of lungs 340
anterior compartment 95 lateral thoracic 56 sympathetic nervous system 338
median nerve 99 posterior circumflex thoracic part 339
muscles humeral 58 typical intercostal nerve 341
biceps brachii 96 subscapular 58 Axilla 51
brachialis 96 superior thoracic 57 boundaries 51
coracobrachialis 96 thoracoacromial 57 anterior 52
musculocutaneous nerve 95 brachial 100, 180, 198 apex 51
branches and distribution 98 profunda brachii 198 base 52
origin, course and superior ulnar collateral 198 lateral wall 53
termination 96 muscular 198 medial wall 53
relations 96 inferior ulnar collateral 198 posterior wall 52
root value 96 deep palmar arch 135 contents 53
radial nerve 99 development 317 dissection 51
ulnar nerve 99 posterior interosseous 150 layout 53
brachial artery 100 radial 119 Axillary artery 54
beginning, course and radial recurrent 198 branches 57
termination 100 muscular 198 anastomoses 58
branches 101 superficial palmar 198 anterior circumflex humeral
relations 100 dorsal carpal 198 artery 58
changes at the level of insertion princeps pollicis 198 lateral thoracic artery 56
of coracobrachialis 102 radialis indicis 198 posterior circumflex humeral
compartments of 95 superficial palmar arch 133, 182 artery 58
349
350 HUMAN ANATOMY—UPPER LIMB AND THORAX
subscapular artery 58
superior thoracic artery 57
thoracoacromial artery 57
relations 54
of first part 54
of second part 55
of third part 56
Axillary lymph nodes 58
Axillary vein 58
B radius 4
Back 66
surface landmarks of 66
cutaneous nerves of 67
dissection 67
muscles connecting the upper
limb with the vertebral
column 68
latissimus dorsi 69
levator scapulae 69
rhomboid major 69
trapezius 69
structures under cover of the
trapezius 70
Back of forearm and hand 143
anatomical snuffbox 144
boundaries 144
contents 145
dissection 146, 150
dorsum of hand 143
extensor retinaculum 145
attachments 145
compartments 145
muscles of back of forearm 146
deep muscles 147
abductor pollicis longus 148
extensor indicis 148
extensor pollicis brevis 148
extensor pollicis longus 148
supinator 148
superficial muscles 146
anconeus 147
brachioradialis 147
dorsal digital expansion 147
extensor carpi radialis
brevis 147
extensor carpi radialis
longus 147
extensor carpi ulnaris 147
extensor digiti minimi 147
extensor digitorum 147
posterior interosseous artery 150
relations 150
posterior interosseous nerve 149
branches 149
course 149
relations 149
surface landmarks 143
Barium swallow 344
Bennett’s fracture 31 Capsular ligament of the superior
Blood pressure 102, 201 radioulnar joint 16, 188
Bones of thorax 219 Clavicle 4, 6
Bones of upper limb 6 lateral and medial ends 7
Bones attachments 7
carpus 4 lateral one-third of shaft 8
clavicle 4 medial two-thirds of the shaft 8
humerus 4 peculiarities of the clavicle 6
metacarpus 4 shaft 6
phalanges 4 side determination 6
Cleidocranial dysostosis 8
scapula 4 Coarctation of the aorta 344
ulna 4 Colles’ fracture 21
Boxer’s palsy 200 Comparison of upper and
Brachial plexus 59 lower limbs 188
blood supply 62 Complete claw hand 140, 201
branches of the cords 61 Coronary artery blockage 344
branches of the roots 61 Costal cartilages 223
branches of the trunks 61 Cubital tunnel syndrome 137, 201
cords and branches 61 Cutaneous nerves of back 67
dissection 62 Cutaneous nerves of
divisions of the trunks 61 upper limb 83, 84
roots 59
roots and trunks 61 D
sympathetic innervation 61
Brachiation 5 de Quervain disease 202
Breast 38, 201 Dermatomes 86
blood supply 40 clinical anatomy 87
deep relations 39 embryological basis 86
development of 42 important features 86
extent of the base 39 Development of arteries 317
histology 43 Development of superior vena
lactating phase 43 cava 318
resting phase 43 Disc prolapse 231
lymphatic drainage 41 Dislocation of lunate 27
lymph nodes 41 Dislocation of the elbow 23
lymphatic vessels 41 Dupuytren’s contracture 126, 201
nerve supply 40
situation 39 E
structure 39
parenchyma 40 Elbow 164, 184, 186
skin 40 Elbow joint 164
stroma 40 articular surfaces 164
Buddy splint 33 carrying angle 166
dissection 166
ligaments 164
C movements 165
Carpal bones 4, 25 relations 165
articulations 27 Embryology/development of upper
attachments 27 limb 200
identification 25 Epicondyle
ossification 27 lateral 16
side determination 25 medial 16
general points 25 Erb’s paralysis 62
specific points 26 Evolution 4
Carpal tunnel syndrome 139, 201
Capsular ligament of the elbow F
joint 16, 164 Fascia 45
Capsular ligament of the shoulder deep 45
joint 16, 158 clavipectoral 47
 INDEX 351

superficial 37 G I
contents 37
platysma 38 Golfer’s elbow 201 Importance of capsular
Fine needle aspiration cytology 44 attachments and epiphyseal
Foetal circulation 304 lines 24
H Injury to the nerve to serratus
Forearm 113
arteries of front of 119 Heart 286 anterior 63
deep muscles 118 apex of 286 Interphalangeal joints 175
flexor digitorum profundus 118 base of 287 Intramuscular injection 77, 202
flexor pollicis longus 118 borders 287 Intravenous injection 89, 202
pronator quadratus 118 cardiac dominance 300
median nerve 122 collateral circulation 300 J
branches 122 developmental components 303 Jointed lever 3
course 122 external features 286 Joints of hand 174
relations 122 grooves or sulci 286 articular surfaces 174
muscles of front of 114 left ventricle 293 dissection 175
nerves 121 dissection 294 first carpometacarpal joint 174
radial artery 119 features 293 intercapal, carpometacarpal,
beginning, course and molecular regulation of cardiac intermetacarpal 174
termination 119 development 304 ligaments 174
branches 120 nerve supply of 302 movements 174
relations 120 right atrium 288 relations 174
radial nerve 123 dissection 288 type 174
branches 123 external features 288 Joints of thorax 232
course 123 interatrial septum 290 chondrosternal 233
superficial muscles 116 internal features 289 costochondral 233
flexor carpi radialis 116 tributaries 289 costotransverse 232
flexor carpi ulnaris 116 right ventricle 290 costovertebral 232
flexor digitorum dissection 292 interchondral 233
superficialis 116 external features 291 intervertebral 233
palmaris longus 116 features 292 intervertebral discs 233
pronator teres 116 internal features 291 manubriosternal 232
surface landmarks of 113 interventricular septum 291 Joints of upper limb
synovial sheaths of flexor left atrium 292 acromioclavicular 4, 155
tendons 117 structure of 294 first carpometacarpal 4, 174
ulnar artery 120 arteries supplying the heart 298 intercarpal 4
beginning, course and branches 298, 300 intermetacarpal 4
termination 120 dissection 300 metacarpophalangeal 4, 175
branches 121 left coronary artery 299 proximal and distal
relations 121 right coronary artery 298 interphalangeal 4, 175
ulnar nerve 122 conducting system 297 pronation 4, 169
branches 123 fibrous skeleton 296 supination 4, 169
course 122 musculature of the heart 296 radiocarpal 4, 170, 184
relations 123 valves 294 radioulnar 4, 168
vincula longa and brevia 118 atrioventricular 295 shoulder 158
Foreign bodies in trachea 341 semilunar 295 sternoclavicular 4, 155
Fossa surfaces of 287
coronoid 16 veins of 301
K
cubital 103 coronary sinus 302
infraspinous 9 Homologous parts 3 Klumpke’s paralysis 63
olecranon 16 Horner’s syndrome 63
radial 16 Humerus 4, 13
L
subscapular 9 attachments 16
supraspinous 9 borders 14 Labrum glenoidale 12
Fracture of the olecranon 23 lower end 15 Law of ossification 24
Fracture of the scaphoid 27 ossification 16 Ligaments
Frequent site of carcinoma 43 shaft 14 annular 23
Frozen shoulder 163 side determination 13 of cooper 201
Funny bone/medial surfaces 14 coracoacromial 157
epicondyle 94, 95, 201 upper end 13 coracoclavicular 8, 156
352 HUMAN ANATOMY—UPPER LIMB AND THORAX
coracohumeral 12
costoclavicular 8, 156
glenoidale labrum 12, 158
interclavicular 8, 155
lateral ligament 27, 171
oblique cord 21
radial collateral 165
spinoglenoid 12, 158
suprascapular 12, 158
transverse 12, 158
ulnar collateral 23, 165
Lister’s tubercle 202
Lumbar triangle of Petit 71
Lungs 264
bronchial tree 269
bronchopulmonary segments 270
development of respiratory
system 272
dissection 264, 269
features 264
histology 273
molecular regulation 272
relations of the root 267
root of the lung 267
surface marking 265
Lymph nodes 90
lymphatics 90
deep lymphatics 91
superficial lymphatics 90
Lymphangitis 91
Lymphoedema 91
M lumbricals 130
Madelung’s deformity 23
Mammogram 44
Mastectomy 45
Medial epicondyle of humerus 94, 95
Mediastinal syndrome 280
Mediastinum 278
inferior 279
anterior 279
middle 279
posterior 280
superior 278
contents 279
Membrane interosseous 21
Metacarpal bones 4, 27
articulations at the bases 31
characteristics 29
main attachments 31
side determination 29
Metacarpophalangeal joints 175
Molecular regulation of limb
development 200
Montgomery’s glands 201
Muscles of the pectoral region 45
dissection 49
pectoralis major 46
structures under cover of 46
pectoralis minor 46 anatomical 13
serratus anterior 48 morphological 13
subclavius 46 surgical 13
Muscles radius 18
abductor digiti minimi 130 Nerves 191
abductor pollicis brevis 130 anterior interosseous 122
abductor pollicis longus 148 axillary 79, 182, 191
adductor pollicis 130 median nerve 99, 122, 138, 182, 194
anconeus 147 musculocutaneous 95, 182, 191
biceps brachii 96 posterior interosseous 149
brachialis 96 radial 99, 107, 123, 182
brachioradialis 147 ulnar 99, 122, 136, 183
coracobrachialis 96 Notch
deltoid 73 radial 22
dorsal digital expansion 147 spinoglenoid 9
dorsal interossei 131 suprascapular 9
extensor carpi radialis brevis 147 trochlea 22
extensor carpi radialis longus 147 Numericals 337
extensor carpi ulnaris 147
extensor digiti minimi 147 O
extensor digitorum 147
extensor indicis 148 Oesophageal varices 344
extensor pollicis brevis 148 Oesophagus 323, 335
extensor pollicis longus 148 clinical anatomy 326
flexor carpi radialis 116 curvatures 323
flexor carpi ulnaris 116 dissection 323
flexor digiti minimi 130 histology of 325
flexor digitorum superficialis 116 relations 324
flexor pollicis brevis 130 Opposition 4
infraspinatus 74 Ossification 8
latissimus dorsi 69 Palmar aspect of wrist and hand 124
levator scapulae 69 adductor of thumb 130
adductor pollicis 130
opponens digiti minimi 130 arteries of hand 133
opponens pollicis 130 dissection 132, 135
palmar interossei 131 dorsal interossei 131
palmaris brevis 130 fascial spaces of hand 141
palmaris longus 116 dorsal spaces 141
pectoralis major 46 forearm space 141
pectoralis minor 46 palmar spaces 141
pronator teres 116 fibrous flexor sheaths of the
rhomboid major 69 fingers 126
rhomboid minor 69 flexor retinaculum 124
serratus anterior 48 attachments 124
subclavius 46 relations 125
subscapularis 74 intrinsic muscles 127
supinator 148 actions of dorsal interossei 127
supraspinatus 74 actions of thenar muscles 127
synovial sheaths of flexor testing of some intrinsic
tendons 117 muscles 127
teres major 74 lumbricals 130
teres minor 74 median nerve 138
trapezius 69 branches 138
triceps brachi 106 course 138
vincula longa and brevia 118 relations 138
muscle of medial side of palm 130
N abductor digiti minimi 130
flexor digiti minimi 130
Neck opponens digiti minimi 130
humerus 13 palmaris brevis 130
 INDEX 353

muscles of thenar eminence 130 R S

abductor pollicis brevis 130
flexor pollicis brevis 130 Radial pulse 202 Saturday night paralysis 109
opponens pollicis 130 Radical mastectomy 45 Scaphoid scapula 13
nerves of hand 136 Radiological anatomy of Scapula 4, 8
upper limb 185 angles 9
palmar aponeurosis 125
elbow 186 attachments 9
palmar interossei 131
hand 187 borders 9
radial artery 134 glenoid cavity 8
branches 134 shoulder 185
ossification 12
Radiological anatomy of thorax 335
course 134 processes 9
barium swallow 337
deep palmar arch 135 side determination 8
bones 336
relations 134 surfaces 9
diaphragm 336
ulnar artery 133 Scapular region 73
lungs 336 anastomoses around scapula
superficial palmar arch 133
mediastinum 336 axillary or circumflex nerve 79
ulnar nerve 136
soft tissues 336 course 80
branches 136
tomography 337 relations and branches 80
course 136 trachea 336 circumflex nerve 80
relations 136 Radioulnar joints 168 deltoid 73
dissection 170 structures under cover of 75
P interosseous membrane 168 infraspinatus 74
supination and pronation 169 intermuscular spaces 78
Paracentesis thoracis 343 lower triangular space 79
Radius 4, 18
Parts of upper limb quadrangular space 78
attachments 20
antebrachium 3 upper triangular space 78
borders 18
axilla 51 muscles of scapular region 73
lower end 18
brachium 3 musculotendinous cuff of the
first groove 21
forearm 4 shoulder or rotator cuff 78
fourth groove 21
manus/hand 3 subacromial bursa 78
second groove 21
shoulder region 4 subscapularis 74
styloid process 18
Peau d'orange appearance 44 supraspinatus 74
surfaces 21
Pentadactyl limb 5 teres major 74
Pericardium 283 third oblique groove 21 teres minor 74
features 283 ossification 21 Segmental innervation of movements
fibrous pericardium 284 shaft 18 of upper limb 176
serous pericardium 284 side determination 18 Segmental resection 274
sinuses of pericardium 284 surfaces 18 Self-examination of breasts 44
dissection 285 upper end 18 Sentinel node 43
Phalanges 4,32 Region pectoral 36 Sesamoid bones 33
attachments 32 dissection 37 at the head of the first metacarpal
ossification 32 surface landmarks 36 bone 33
Pointing finger 201 Respiratory movements 234 in capsule of the interphalangeal
Postural drainage 274 principles of movements 234 joint of the thumb 33
Retinacula in capsules of the metacarpo-
Posture of a patient with
extensor 21, 145, 184 phalangeal joints 33
respiratory difficulty 343
flexor 27, 124, 184 in tendon of the flexor carpi
Process
Retraction of the nipple 44 ulnaris 33
acromion 9
pisiform 33
coracoid 9 Retractionof the skin 44
Site of bone marrow puncture 341
olecranon 22 Rib/s or costae 219
Site of pericardial tapping 341
spinous 9 eleventh and twelfth 223
Shoulder girdle 155
syloid process of radius 18 first 221 acromioclavicular joint 155
syloid process of ulna 23 features 222 coracoclavicular ligament 155
Pulled elbow 21, 200 tenth 223 dissection 155, 158
Pulmonary trunk 317 typical 219 ligaments of the scapula 157
Ridge movements of the shoulder
lateral supracondylar 16 girdle 155
Q
medial supracondylar 16 sternoclavicular joint 155
Quadrupeds 3 trapezoid 6 articular disc 155
354 HUMAN ANATOMY—UPPER LIMB AND THORAX

capsular ligament 155 T right brachiocephalic vein 335

costoclavicular ligament 155 superior vena cava 334
interclavicular ligament 155 Tennis elbow 200 Veins of upper limb
Shoulder joint 158, 184, 185 Thoracic cavity 255 deep 89
analysis of the overhead movement dissection 255 superficial 88
of the shoulder 160 pleura 257 basilic vein 89
articular surface 158 parietal 259 cephalic vein 88
bursae related to the joint 159 pulmonary 258 dorsal venous arch 88
dissection 161 pulmonary ligament 260 median cubital vein 89
ligaments 158 Thoracic duct 327, 335 Vertebral column 227
movements 160 course 327 curvatures 227
relations 159 relations 327 parts of a typical vertebra 228
type 158 thoracic vertebrae 229–231
tributaries 328
Shoulder tip pain 163 Volkmann’s ischaemic
Thorax
Smith’s fracture 21 contracture 201
inlet 213
Spaces
outlet of thorax 215
intermuscular 78
structures passing through the dia- W
Spinal nerve 59
Sternum 224 phragm 216 Waiter’s tip 201
Student’s elbow 200 Trachea 321, 335 Walls of thorax 240
Subareolar plexus of Sappey 201 development 322 accessory hemiazygos vein 250
Superior vena cava 310 histology of 322 course 250
course 310 left bronchus 335 tributaries 250
development 318 relations of the thoracic part 321 azygos vein 249
dissection 310 right bronchus 335 course 249
relations 310 structure 322 formation 249
tributaries 310 Tracheostomy 323 relations 249
Surface landmarks of thorax 209 Triangle of auscultation 71 tributaries 250
Surface marking of thorax 330 Tubercle typical intercostal spaces 245
auscultatory areas 333 conoid 6 intercostal arteries 245
borders of the heart 332 infraglenoid 9 intercostal veins 247
cardiac valves 333 of scaphoid 27 lymphatics 248
parietal pleura 330 supraglenoid 9 dissection 242
the lungs 331 Tubercular disease of the external intercostals 241
Surface marking of upper limb 180 metacarpals 32 hemiazygos vein 250
arteries 180 course 250
axillary 180 tributaries 250
brachial 180 U
intercostal muscles 241
deep palmar arch 181 Ulna 4, 22 intercostal nerves 242
radial 181 attachments 23 internal intercostals 241
superficial palmar arch 182 borders 22 internal thoracic artery 248
ulnar 181 lower end 22 beginning, course and
joints 184 styloid process 23 termination 248
elbow 184 ossification 23 branches 249
shoulder 184 shaft 22
wrist 184 origin 248
side determination 22
nerves 182 relations 248
surfaces 22
axillary 182 thoracic sympathetic trunk 250
upper end 22
median 182 branches 250
Ulnar claw hand 137
musculocutaneous 182 transversus thoracis 241
Ulnar nerve injury at elbow 137
radial 182 Winging of the scapula 13
Ulnar nerve injury at wrist 137
ulnar 183 Wrist drop 201
Ungulates 5
retinacula 184 Wrist (radiocarpal) joint 170
flexor 184 articular surfaces 171
V dissection 173
extensor 185
Supracondylar fracture of Veins of thorax 334 ligaments 171
humerus 138 coronary sinus 318 movements 172
Sympathetic innervation 200 left brachiocephalic vein 335 relations 171