ESSENTIAL LEARNING KIT - Final

LIVING WATER ESSENTIAL COLLEGE INC.
(FORMERLY JAVIER E. GARDE ESSENTIAL COLLEGES INC)

VALUES, ARTS AND LANGAUGE SCHOOL
PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA
ESSENTIAL LEARNING KIT 1
Student’s Name : Wowie M. Mariano Subject: Research In Daily Life 1

Grade Level: 11 Lesson: Nature of Inquiry and Research
Section: Abraham Grade level: Grade - 11
Date: August 14-18, 2023
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of this essential learning kit, the learner should be able to:
1. Shares research experiences and knowledge (CS_RS11-IIIa-1)
2. Explains the importance of research in daily life (CS_RS11-IIIa-2)
3. Describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research. (CS_RS11-IIIa-3)
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING MOTIVES

Motive Questions:
1. What is/are your observation/s in this pictures?
2. Do you have an idea about it?
3. What is/are the common thing/s or idea/s in this pictures? Try to share to your classmates.
—1—
Student’s Answers:
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING CONCEPT
Through essential learning concept, the learner will helps to understand the flow of lesson.
RESEARCH
Purpose and Characteristics

Nature of
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING NOTES Importance of Process and
Research —2— Research Ethics
I. What is Research?
1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection,
presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual is speculation with reality.
2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories.
3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that
information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness.
4. It is a process of inquiring.
II. Nature of Inquiry. (Lichman, G.,2013)

1. Inquiry is defined as <a seeking for truth, information or knowledge. It is a problem-solving technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different
human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.
III. Investigation and Immersion

Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to inquiry. It is a systematic examination of a certain
event or phenomenon. Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself
in the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or examined by him in
detail.
Combining the idea of inquiry, investigation and immersion, the concept of research comes in.
IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
—3—
Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word 8investigation9. When you inquire or investigate,
you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or
knowledge. Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system
or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a
creative process).
V. Purpose of Research
1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.
VI. Importance of Research in Daily Life

1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting further investigation of
the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and
supporting the truth.
2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and issues in life. It helps us solve
problems in health, crimes, business, technology and environment.
3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable information to others as a way of
recognizing various concerns for public awareness.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Empirical - Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical - Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical - Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical - Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether
historical,descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. Critical - Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
—4—
6. Methodical - Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method
and procedures.
7. Replicability - The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

STEP 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem). Factors to Consider in Selecting a
Research Problem
1. Researcher‘s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator‘s ability and training
STEP 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related Literature).
STEP 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology).
STEP 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research) and closedended
questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for quantitative research) (Data Gathering
Activities).
STEP 5. Process and analyse data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research) and statistical
tools (for quantitative research).
STEP 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for quantitative
research) and recommendations.
STEP 7. Define new problem.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct of research which educates and monitors
researchers to ensure high standard. It promotes the aim of research, such as expanding knowledge and
supports the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness.
—5—
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH

1. Objectivity and integrity
2. Respect of the research subjects ‘right to privacy and dignity and protection of subjects from
personal harm
3. Presentation of research findings
4. Misuse of research role
5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
6. Distortions of findings by sponsor
What are these ethics in research?

1. Informed Consent. This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the participants in
your study. Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the
schedule of one-on one interview at the convenient time they are available. Participation to the study
will be completely voluntary.
2. Honesty. It reports data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not
fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.
3. Objectivity. Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation peer review,
personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
4. Integrity. Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought
and action.
5. Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and
the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.
6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
7. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honour patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other
forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without
permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and falsify.
—6—
8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for

publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and
allow them to make their own decisions.
10. Responsible Publication. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance
your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart
others.
12. Social responsibility. Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms
through research, public education, and advocacy.
13. Non-discrimination. Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race,
ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
14. Competence. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through
lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.
16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not
conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
17. Human Subjects protection. When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms
and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.
RIGHTS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human
behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and
duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings.
2. Intellectual Property. It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial
value.
3. Copyright Infringement. It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without
—7—
permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights accorded to the
copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a
third party
Examples:
a. Downloading movies and music without proper payment for use.
b. Recording movies in a theatre
c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission
d. Copying software code without giving proper credit
e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips
4. Voluntary Participation. People must not be coerced into participating in research process.
Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures
and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.
5. Anonymity. It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not
exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is
not given nor known.
6. Privacy. It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret. It is the
ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.
ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH WRITING

Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest
error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding agencies, which
make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution to receive grants.
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results without
giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original works, a violation
of intellectual property rights.
—8—
Three different acts are considered plagiarism:

1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas,
2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and.
3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING VALUES
Isaiah 41:10
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY NO. 1
Direction: Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a research, FALSE if
you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
—9—
________1. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer to the question asked
by the researcher.
_________2. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is studying.
_________3. The researcher has the final say in his findings.
_________4. To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid listening to
another researcher.
_________5. There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
_________6. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer to the question
asked by the researcher.
________7. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is studying.
________8. The researcher has the final say in his findings.
________9. To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid listening to
another researcher.
________10. There should be adequate data before conducting a research
Activity No. 2
Directions: Enumeration: Answer the following questions below.
List down the 3 purpose of research
1.
2.
3.
4. Define as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. ________________
5. It is a process of inquiring. __________________
Activity No. 3
— 10 —
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being referred to in the following

statements. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. An experience researcher should impart knowledge to his or her students.
a. Responsible Publication
b. Non-discrimination
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility
2. The researcher should ensure that the participants will not be adversely affected by the
research and its results.
a. Care
b. Human subjects protection
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility.
3. Any participants to any research activity must not be forced to take part in the study.
a. Voluntary participation
b. Informed consent
c. Risk of harm
d. Social responsibility
4. When a paper is already submitted to a publication, no submission to another should be done.
a. Objectivity
b. Legality
c. Care
d. Responsible Publication
5. The researcher should be fully equipped with research skills when conducting the study.
a. Confidentiality
— 11 —
b. Competence
c. Legality
d. Openness
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. Why is research practical and realistic?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The first step of research process is to develop your topic or research problem. What is the
importance of considering those factors in selecting a research problem?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. A research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING REFERNCES
1. Electronic Modules of Deped - Practical Research 1 - Practical Research 1 Lesson 1 to 6 3 rd
Quarter Name: - Studocu
— 12 —

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LIVING WATER ESSENTIAL COLLEGE INC.

(FORMERLY JAVIER E. GARDE ESSENTIAL COLLEGES INC)

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

ESSENTIAL LEARNING KIT 1

Student’s Name : Wowie M. Mariano Subject: Research In Daily Life 1

 ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

 ESSENTIAL LEARNING MOTIVES

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

Purpose and Characteristics

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

II. Nature of Inquiry. (Lichman, G.,2013)

III. Investigation and Immersion

IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

VI. Importance of Research in Daily Life

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH

What are these ethics in research?

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for

RIGHTS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH WRITING

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

Three different acts are considered plagiarism:

 ESSENTIAL LEARNING VALUES

 ESSENTIAL LEARNING ACTIVITY

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being referred to in the following

PALOMARAIA, BONGABON, NUEVA ECIJA

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