Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Symbols of justice are among the earliest symbols ever created. Many can be dated back to ancient
times, originating in Ancient Egypt, Greece or Rome. Although they began hundreds of years ago, the
symbols of justice still remain as a link between the rational law and the natural law in the justice
system.
Today, the most recognized symbol of justice is the statue of a blindfolded woman with a scroll or
sword in one hand and scales in the other hand, but there are several other symbols associated justice and
law which are obscure. In this article, we’ll be taking a closer look at these symbols, where they come
Themis
Themis is the personification of fairness, natural law, divine order and custom in Greek religion.
Since the 16th century, she’s mostly been depicted wearing a blindfold which represents impartiality, the
Justitia, also called Lady Justice, is the Roman goddess of justice and the equivalent of Themis. Like
Themis, she’s typically portrayed as blindfolded, holding a sword in one hand and a set of scales in the
other. Sometimes, she’s depicted holding a flame in one hand and in the other a bundle of rods tied
Dike was always depicted carrying a pair of balance scales, and it was believed that she ruled over
human law.
The ancient Romans revered Justitia or lustitia, who most closely resembles the Lady of Justice
statues formed in more modern times. She represented the morality of the justice system.
There were several statues of Justitia sculpted in North America in the 19th and 20th century to
symbolize the equal and fair administration of the law without greed, corruption, prejudice or favor.
Today, she’s a common sight on legal institutions and court houses all over the world.
The Lady Justice statue is usually in the form of a woman who is standing or sitting. She is typically
dressed in a toga-like robe, maybe barefoot, and her hair is either flowing over her shoulders or braided
in a bun or around her head. She holds a balance, or two-tray scale in one hand and a sword in the other;
usually the scales are in the left hand and the sword in the right, but this is not always so. Sometimes, she
The fasces, a bundle of rods bound around an axe by leather thongs, was
was symbolic of jurisdiction and a magistrate’s power. The axe of the fasces
was a symbol that was originally associated with the Labrys, one of the oldest symbols of ancient
Greece.
As a whole, the fasces is symbolic of strength through unity: that a single rod can easily be broken
while a bundle of rods cannot. However, the bundle of birch twigs also symbolizes corporal punishment
and justice.
The Sword
The Sword of Justice (carried by Justitia), is a symbol of authority, vigilance, power, protection and
might. It’s with a sword that one can mete out punishment as deserved.
This item symbolizes enforcement and respect, and means that justice stands by its decision and
ruling, and is able to take action. The fact that the sword is unsheathed and very visible is a sign that
justice is transparent and is not an implement of fear. A double-edged blade signifies that justice can rule
against either of the parties once the evidence has been perused, and it is bound to enforce the ruling as
The double-edged sword usually seen in Justitia’s left hand, recognizes the power of Justice and
Reason and can be wielded either against or for any party. It’s a reminder of the power of law, the need
for real punishment and the power over both life and death and reinforces the concept that justice can be
Justitia’s sword is also a symbol of authority wielded throughout history by emperors, kings and
generals which is why it’s one of the earliest known symbols for justice.
The Scales
These represent impartiality and the obligation of the law (through its representatives) to weigh the
evidence presented to the court. Each side of a legal case needs to be looked at and comparisons made as
justice is done.
Strongly associated with the legal system and principles of equity and fairness, scales have long been
This symbolism goes back to ancient Egyptian times. According to the legends, the powerful
Egyptian god Anubis used a set of scales to weigh the soul of deceased people against a feather (the
Feather of Truth).
Today, the scales relate to the fairness in a judicial process. They show that both sides of a case
should be considered in court without bias or prejudice and that any decisions taken should be done by
weighing the evidence fairly. They imply a rational, mechanistic process: too much of evidence (weight)
on one side of the scale will cause it to tilt in favour of guilt or innocence.
The Blindfold
The blindfold is another famous symbol of Blind justice that’s often seen worn by Lady Justice.
Although it was used throughout history, it only became popular in the late fifteenth century.
This first appeared on a Lady Justice statue in the 16th century, and has been used intermittently
since then. Apparently, its original significance was that the judicial system was tolerating abuse or
ignorance of aspects of the law. However, in modern times, the blindfold represents the impartiality and
objectivity of the law and that it doesn’t let outside factors, such as politics, wealth or fame, influence its
decisions.
It symbolizes that justice should always be rendered without prejudice or passion and only the facts
on the scales should be considered. The blindfold also implies that no emotional impressions of the
defendant should be taken into consideration and that justice should be applied without being impacted
Justice is blind.
Overall, like the scales, the blindfold symbolizes impartiality and equality in justice.
The Scroll
Scrolls have a long history, dating back to ancient times. In ancient Egypt, (3000 BC) scrolls were
made from papyrus and were the first form of records that could be edited.
The scroll is a famous symbol closely associated with law and justice, signifying knowledge,
learning, the extent of life and passing of time. It also represents continued learning as life unfolds and
Although scrolls have been superseded by the book format, they’re still made for religious or
ceremonial purposes.
The Feather of Truth belonged to the Egyptian goddess, Maat, and often depicted worn in a
headband. It was used in the Land of the Dead to decide if the dead were worthy of afterlife. If a soul
weighed more than the feather, it meant the person was unworthy and would be eaten by Ammit, the
ancient Egyptian ‘Devourer of the Dead’. Although the feather was a popular symbol associated with
justice in the past, it’s no longer used in the justice system today.
courthouse. It’s usually struck on a sounding block to intensify its sound. The origin of the gavel remains
unknown but it has been used for decades in courts of law and legislatures to keep calm and order in the
court.
A symbol of authority in the courtroom, the gavel gives its user the right to officially act as a
presiding officer. Today, its use isn’t restricted only to the courtroom but has extended to auctions and
meetings as well.
Block is a large solid piece of hard material, especially rock, stone, or wood, typically with flat
Veritas
The
statue
of Veritas
DIKE
DIKE (Dicé) was the goddess of justice, fair judgements and the rights established by custom and
law. She was one of the three Horai (Horae), goddesses of the seasons, and keepers of the gates of
heaven. Her sisters were Eunomia (Good Order) and Eirene (Peace). Like her siblings, she probably also
represented an aspect of springtime growth.
Dike was identified with Dikaiosyne (RIghteousness) and Astraia (Astraea) (the Contellation Virgo).
Her opposite number was Adikia (Adicia) (Injustice).
DIKE SUMMARY
Parents Zeus & Themis
Goddess Justice
Home Mt. Olympus
Roman Name Justitia/Justitia
Dike was the goddess of justice and moral order in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of Zeus
and Themis. Although both Dike and Themis were considered personifications of justice, Dike
represented more the justice based on socially enforced norms and conventional rules, human justice,
while Themis was the representation of divine justice. She was considered to be a young woman holding
a balance scale; her Roman counterpart was depicted in the same way but also blindfolded. Along with
Eunomia and Eirene, Dike belonged to the second-generation Horae, goddesses of the seasons and the
natural portions of time. She was represented in the sky by the constellation Virgo; according to an
account concerning the origins of the constellation, Dike lived on the earth during the first two Ages of
Man, the Golden and the Silver ages. During that period, men lived in peace with each other, grew crops
and there was no disease. However, men became greedy and Dike, enraged, decided to go to the sky.
DICE (Dikê), the personification of justice, was, according to Hesiod (Theog. 901), a daughter of
Zeus and Themis, and the sister of Eunomia and Eirene. She was considered as one of the Horae ; she
watched the deeds of man, and approached the throne of Zeus with lamentations whenever a judge
violated justice. She was the enemy of all falsehood, and the protectress of a wise administration of
justice and Hesychia, that is, tranquillity of mind, was her daughter. (She is frequently called the
attendant or councillor (paredros or xunnedros) of Zeus. (In the tragedians, Dice appears as a divinity
who severely punishes all wrong, watches over the maintenance of justice, and pierces the hearts of the
unjust with the sword made for her by Aesa. (In this capacity she is closely connected with the Erinnyes
(Aeschyl. Eum. 510), though her business is not only to punish injustice, but also to reward virtue. The
idea of Dice as justice personified is most perfectly developed in the dramas of Sophocles and Euripides.
She was represented on the chest of Cypselus as a handsome goddess, dragging Adicia (Injustice) with
one hand, while in the other she held a staff with which she beat her.
"Listen to right and do not foster violence; for violence is bad for a poor man. Even the
prosperous cannot easily bear its burden, but is weighed down under it when he has fallen into delusion.
In Greek mythology, Dike or Dice[1] (/ˈdaɪkiː/ or /ˈdaɪsiː/;[2] Greek: Δίκη, dikē, 'custom') is the
goddess of justice and the spirit of moral order and fair judgement as a transcendent universal ideal or
based on immemorial custom, in the sense of socially enforced norms and conventional rules. According
to Hesiod (Theogony, l. 901), she was fathered by Zeus upon his second consort, Themis. She and her
mother are both personifications of justice. She is depicted as a young, slender woman carrying a
balance scale and wearing a laurel wreath. The constellation Libra (the Scales) was anciently thought to
THEMIS SUMMARY
THE TITANESS THEMIS
Parents Uranus and Gaea
Husband Zeus
Goddess of Divine Law and Customs
Symbols Scales of justice, bronze sword
Home Mount Olympus
Roman Name Justitia/Lustitia
Themis, (Greek: “Order”) in Greek religion, personification of justice, goddess of wisdom and good
“The foundations of justice are that no one shall suffer wrong; then, that the public good be promoted.”
One of the most recognized legal symbols is that of Justice. The idea of a woman portraying justice
Symbols of Justice dates back to the ancient Greek and Roman images of Themis and Justitia.
Themis, the Greek goddess of justice and law, was known for her clear-sightedness. In Roman
mythology, Justitia (Justice) was one of the four Virtues. Justitia was often portrayed as blindfolded,
holding scales and a sword. She was sometimes depicted holding the fasces (a bundle of rods around an
ax symbolizing judicial authority) in one hand and a flame, symbolizing truth, in the other.
Many Western societies still portray justice as a blindfolded woman carrying a sword and a set of
scales. She symbolizes the fair and equal administration of the law, without corruption, greed, prejudice,
or favour. The entrance to the Supreme Court of Canada building in Ottawa is flanked by two huge
statues, Justitia and Veritas (Truth). The statue of Justitia is portrayed as a woman holding a two-edged
sword, but she does not wear the traditional blindfold. Some have interpreted this to mean that the nine
Supreme Court Justices of the highest court of the land must clearly see the consequences of their
The statues Justitia and Veritas are landmarks in their own right, and have an intriguing history.
After they were commissioned in 1912, the plaster forms for the statues mysteriously disappeared, only
to be found in 1969 in crates in an Ottawa parking lot. They were cast in bronze the next year.
Contrary to popular belief, the concept of Lady Justice did not come from just one culture or
For Greeks, there was Themis, the Greek goddess of justice, law, order, and good counsel. Themis
uses the scales of justice to always remain balanced and pragmatic. However, Themis literally translates
carried with her a sword and the Feather of Truth. Egyptians believed that this feather (usually depicted
as an ostrich feather) would be weighed against the heart of the soul of the deceased to determine
However, the modern concept of Lady Justice is most similar to the Roman goddess Justitia. Justitia
has become the ultimate symbol of justice in Western civilization. But she is not the Roman counterpart
In Roman art, Justitia is often depicted with the sword and scales alongside her sister Prudentia