* ‘Common erystas Uncemmon crystals Site Directory open a | close all Copyright Search ‘pout us (ctaton) Donate to ecinpath ClinPath Home Diagnoste challenge 9) Aas Caledstions Test basis, Hematology Hemestasia Uinaiysis Overview Usine procedure videos Semple collection Viewl features Concentrating bility Chemical constituents Calla conetituente Cell quick gute Crystals Crystal auck olde caste Infectious agente Omer constituents 9) Chemistry 9.Cytology a Bete Advanced Search Crystal quick guide This page provides a table compilation of common and uncommon crystals. See also the Urinalysis atlas. Common crystals ‘Common urine crystals Crystal eH “Ammonium birate Usvaly aii to uta rarely aang pHs 7(lohumans, usualy in alkaline urine) Phosphates: pH =7 Utes: pH <7) Acide: pl <7 Usual alkane: pH = Usually neutral to cite: pH <7, i e Oe. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) Usuay neutral to alkaline pH 27 Uncommon crystals Details Voribly sized, mostly small to medium, brown, spherical to regular crystals thorny” apple) Common in Dalmations, English bulldogs. n other breeds of dogs or eats ammonium enstals suagest Iver dyetunetion and portosystemic shunting May aceur with amorphous urates or sodium uate (neeaies or prisms) but uncommonly Xanthine crystal, which ean form aftr allopurinol treatment, can mimic ammonium burte crystals (yellow-broun with smell projections [Uehium end Grinder 2015), 50 animals should be checked for his aug veatment. ‘Small, imegulaly shaped crystals. Can be of ferent ‘composition (ustes xanthine, phosphate) depending ‘on pl. Can be seen in healthy animals, Mimic bcterisl eoce~ perform gram stain or reguler cytology emear to ateretiate, there is another cause Thelma. e,ehroni-ective metitis/pyometia) ‘material from degrading cll can mimic these rata, Voribly sized (usually smal) needietke to granu: yellow o yellow brown crystals. Indicates bilrbinuria. de to conjugated (crect bilirbin. Bilrubinutia con be normal in dog (to seme degres) buts abnormal in other species, Varialy sized, withthe citcular variants typically being medi tage, sphere to kregular (hemboi, dumbbell ovoid) yellow to colorless crystals Spherical forms have radial stations, Normal in horses, guinea pigs. Not normally seen in dogs cats Mostly small, bu canbe large. Colorless cctahedrons, “eavelopes’ Can be seen in heathy animals orn nim wih calcium oxalate wolthe, Can alee be seen wth hypercalui or hyperoxaluria (eg. ethylene ‘cot or oxalate ren plant ingestion). Develop over time with storage of une ‘Usual age.Can be seen in neatny dogs, cts and ruminants, Also common in bacterial induced lkaliuria and with stnie struvite or mixed urls, cy€P Crystal quick guide | eClinp> x Qo ¢€ e Uncommon crystals @ = eclinpath.com/urinalysis/crystal-quick-guid yy & u Uncommon urine erystals sta Fy thieaei ip <7 _ e. avd DRY th Coletum oxalate monohydrate —_Usuallynewal or oc pH=7 Caleta phosphate Usually newt or alkaline pH 27 Usually neutral to oid pHe7 @ Drugrassociated Variable but usually ic pH <7. Acie pH <7 Details Verily sized, small to mecum, wth some large forms. allow, red brown or brown, ely colorless Variable in shape: Rhomboid to diamond cryetas, offen with pointed ends, hexagonal ft crystal, rosettes, barl shapes, needles (uncomnmen) Mostly medium 19 amall Oval, spindle, dumbbell and picket fence-shaped forms, Ova, single or dumb-bell forms ar inftequerty seen in urine from healthy doos nd eats and more commonly seen in utine from horses not related to disease). They ean also be seen In typetealeiute eonatons and ethylene yal ‘osicty Picket fence forms (artow) are not seen in heathy animale but canbe observed inthe urine of dogs nd cats with ethylene joo toxicity. They ean also be seen in animats wath hypercalcuia due to other causes (e.g, phoms). Animals with ethylene col toxicity can alzo have the other variants of calcium oxalate monohyate ‘Meciom to smal, Coloress. Bluntended needles ot prem, often in rosettes, can be amorphous Verily sized, mostly medium, Flat cole hexagonal plates, which often aggregates Indicative of cystinuria a rareinbor eror of aminoacid ‘metabolism affecting many breeds of dogs. Various forms (needles, radiating bundles, round with striations) and ies (malt large), yelow to colorleseCan be seen in animale on rian drugs: €. sulfonamies (mimic various forms of uats), in (slender needs o sheaves) ‘media, primidone The mage onthe left is & sulfonamide crystal (often forms fan-shaped structures) from a dog that was tested with trimethoprim sulfonamide and sulfasalazine for chronic urinary tract infection ‘Small erystals (appear large because they arein aggregates). Fine colotess to browish needles incicate severe liver disease or conitions causing aminoaciduria in humans but very rare inas! lsu oan be observed terre dogs and cats with ethylene glycol toxicity. They ean also be seen in animals with hypercalcuria due to other causes (e.g. yrmphom). Animals with ethylene col toxicity an aleo have the other variants of calelum oxalate monohyérate Calcium phosphate Usually neuiralor Medium to smal, Colorless Blunt ended needles or ce ws] akalne'pH=7 prisms, often in rosettes, can be amerphous Usually neutalioVariably sized, mostly medium Fat colorless cide pH=7 hexagonal plates, which often aggregates Indicative of cystinuriaarareinbom eror of amino acid metabolism affecting many breeds of dogs. ‘Variable but usually Various forms (needles, radiating bundles, ound with oid pH<7 striations) and sizes (small to large), yellow to colelassCan ba seen in animals on certain drugs: © sulfonamides (mimic various forms of wats), ‘ampicilin slender needles to sheaves), contrast media, rimidone The image onthe lefts 8 sulfonamide crystal often forms fan-shaped structures) from a dog that was treated wth trimethoprim sulfonamide and sultaslazine fora ‘hronic urinary tract infection Acide: pH<7 Small crystals (appear large because they aren aggregates). Fie coloress to brownish needles Incicae severe lver disease or conditions ‘using aminoaeiduris in humane, but ery rere animals Yorible pl Allthe cystls shown on the eft were seen inthe lune trom dogs. Ther idertty is uncertain, Variable shape, Solubility assessed with hydrochloric ald acetic acid and codium hydroxide ~ solubility character i da not match those of known crystal, Significance dependent on clinical sign and history (ete ne 820132020 echt vot Us Te of Use | Pray Pali contact Ue ‘ason hams by Saynton sinh