Co ORDINATON (Compounts Adtition compounds \ [To] Double sal, Complex compounds Double sal : oe oe i \ +The wound loves ith Idennbhy white the individual (Ons retain thelr idunity "Me solutions of doubke scl eespond fe tne kecks for all constituent ions ae TMGUL +eHyo ——-> LUMQUL bio St 4 Mar 1 Met iuns ———*~ Gun, AL ou), -2uHo Potash Glumbesponds Yo TUK hy ke, oe) Comp\ex fm pounds: el bse al le dont “The Compiex ion retains ih identity while the Wdividual tons aretain heir ‘denbry. fe kuleecow), | Geen t Fees), ——— FOC ken = eg Efeteaa \ der + CRN Cats for kt obierved Uhile Feat for Feb and ON not Cbicrvey)Si Caso, uNy ———> ASOY-HNTH = Leulntada) $04 U4 . Cuans) + $0, “Complexes dort respond tp the Fests tor all conshtwen font Ligand Te ik on atom! group of atom whith can donate a pair of & tr the Gamal metal thereby forming a dakve bond: Classification of gant: ® Based on charoe 5 Negalve Nagards © ON, Oe OW NA Gok ol NY Neutral Ligands = Co ,np, mo, Mays Chart Nay ny ND Positive Wopnds Not, want, No. © Based on deity: decry Denticity Te it the Mo of donor qtom mM the Nigand Lor) Nook © pair donarions auepted by TRE cenhal Metal ') Monedentade (only ane donor of) FG wT uN, OH Nt Op, LO. Ney Nulty Nemes tna tryyr y saentare [toe donor atoms) f Caroonate ON oy Oralore «C00 ¢ ’ Co) | oe Sulphate ‘ yoo anion igre en aa (49) Dimethy! Glyokamate ie a ee a a jon ot ac n (N acts Gs donww) rnd} cry 2 = N- 0? Acery) Gtclonake ion a Ge (auc) ony -t “cnet uns Ethylene dim . ue y\ mine (en) Om ~ Ortho phenantnralone NAL dey (0 ~phen. vou oo Honset lee Dipyridy) _ yriday te v NIN Digaetny | baie carbowecs _ S eae yr ta th 1 ak Propylene diamine (pr) Gy Ca ~ on T ie k i x Timethylone diamine (ty)a WL » ' Za Ss % vod 2 (Gurylene diame bn) fee) Symmebic bidentate Both donor atoms are sarne ow 7 ee nt) a \ ae > Sy Unsymmehic bidentale: B The to donor atoms are dittewnt Gt pn-thy -ws L L 4) lr identare : CMy- chy ~ Ni ony CR enna nto? \ a wt S cn roc%+ . v iethytene Wiawine (Zien) Tminodiauta re Cimdo™ ) W) Tetvadentate ws Cay nn ct t whe _~ Anekinylene Kee amine (bien?Uwe ChLwoo" Niwilo tr aeekate CH, W009" ¥) Penkadenrare Lieiteentlal 1 jemy-weo" > cHy- Nv choo” l Om - NH Chyvoo™ 5 Ethylene diamine triacetate CEPTAI ) Vi) Hexadanta be emcee Bono CHE NS on 0 1 Cay = 7 nee” > yee Fenylene diane tera autake (epral”) Note: EDIA is hexadantate Yigend : (wrat) “The ligands with denkeity 2 OF more ave wied polydentak ligands * Polydentate ligands have fexidentake character +e all donoy atoms need not Necsarily be united oF once: Br. cop” may ‘othave: a8 unidtntate or bidentate ligandhye CaM” vaenpies_sith EDTA (eota”) + WA etrylint diamine Fea acta iS bonded wil © metal ion: No of akoms in each ving =S Nov of rings =, Chelokin Nigands + Poiydentate ligands coordinate ty te Cuma atom trrousn 20 more cin Stuchures- Suck ligands cre daelabing ligands A tye Complex is called Chelating Complex. . Coetaring, woMplexes are more Stale thar normal Complexes: * Higher tne degree of Catiation, Wigner He Stability, idm dotunt belae At Bidentate ligand ( Lordnaion of both NM leade ie highgoined membered system ) son Geom )s— NF does nok as bidentate Reasone Te \tads to a locked Structure due fe orientakon oF nilrogens in the Opposite direction oF NAAA S x Ip «ing vontains double bond, b membered ting is Stabe When there is no double bond, 5S-membered ting is stable Amipidentaeli gands Te Nigana with mort chan one ditterent donor sites buk ak one time ,only one donor site is wilited for donation - Ambidentate unidentalt z = tx: ee Fel PEN (cyanide) oe Pen Cooujanidc) nee £ y a 3 ren Ceyanate) xy Puy Ctriocyanate-s) / thisujeina OU [isocyarak) tino io thiocyanake (thiodyanahe-n 70 bey aN o er? we? =o NoooO ix : sos kL Genre a yo Ne 4 oo of ee Neo3 ° a (Ariosulprak -5) elie) Ambidentate biduntate ” e, : oo e s.-0 "Nao \ t \ oP Cus s ° ae (Ditmo oxalate’) } Based on Ane nokure of bonding with nha metal ) Crassical ligands: These ligands donate & patrs to the central metal but Cannok accep e pairs fom tne metal Be: Fon ns, HL, NH, UT, Br) ONT BW) Non-dassical igands( T-aud oF T-accepher igands) + Me ligands nok only donate €° pairs fp tat unira) metal but alto aicept the © pair ia tre hed d-orbi te ok metal inv ther vacant TT or vacant d prbitalste form bau: Ti-bonds ~ + Suan type oF bude -bending "9 aed “ syauege bonding! Synergic vonding mcrease the Sabiity ok Complex: + Ex: WO, Wr, NOT, CMe CHE CHECK, ALR, Oy -PPAS PHS PE, og! Jea metal Carbony) Phy Rite’ sate In tw, Cumy acetrts dee” pair inte Vacant W™ orbital Metal carbonyls 1 L In wo, ay nto ot. < . tp Te has higher errr Me cette ae Tap _ my fat Bid Thpyd Mpa Bos lou. 4 z a+ a PA oO ‘ - Because of tynergic bonding, the anh bonding & IneeeAre in metal carbonyls So wond order decreas A bond length yncveases oT C-0 bond order in ee CO > CO bond order in metal carbeny) Cane mranociat) Go bend lenghy in Wee mio > Meo Qond Uengih Go bond? M%&o muy >MPLO Bond length of ML bond © wPLo cmd CMO to ® dwertigpnds Noe: + Tn eines Salk , due to entering ok d © pair into TT orbital , the C—C bond order deereares K bond length increases: NO i> 3e~ donor (generatyy \igandt are Lm donors ) ) Cyclo penta dienyl anion oe s (05 eye pentadienyld pe Me Wepratity st Kano = & o-bond Tebond (comet (46 donor ) ») a “> (a - ally!) re i. eg hepiaary = 3» w ONS benrene Rep rmiihy 24 Heprauing® Ne oF Carbons invaived in donation is called hepracity Types ot Complexes ——_—_—_ J Band on type ot ligands The Complies vontains Same ligands - Feo ky Crecem), |, (Ca Enny),) S04 & Hekcrolephe vomp lex Complex contains ditterunt Mpc of Ngands Ler (ny y(e, Leoewmy, uta bYCPy) LGr) Cay} 1 Bored on tie charge on comple ion "Fest wempeatas Complex ion has tye change ue Fe Cauda) Soy A Corintn y+ po4t? at Cee (vrs) oe foie [ainm) Gy ea pgs SONG aha Lom pee moaned ¥ Vu Gmpite iow nas Neawhve ChmrgeBe kyla) ae Che Na lFecemdgnol > rnat + Lhe lemignol 3) Newwal domplexes Te Comper har nein 4ve ney ve Charge Suun complexes dont ionic in dolubons Ex [Mcedyy | LerCeog) (minor) DW Based on tre number of centval metal ions ee eee \ Mononuclear complexes. Omy one Cenlval metal 1 Ex Wy Leec hd) | Criind ) @ Porynucitar compu xcs eee Mort aman one Cintra) atom te [wre Nn) \ 60 Son Cn, Go) 0} Tonizahon of vompiexts ate Tn a vompltx, the cena eral in along, witty Vigands are placd in a Squay a ' brackek lanewan as coordination Sphere shich does nok ionize Wheat He jon) Dunidege WOrdinalion sphere are ionizable which is Called ionizanon sphere Kythecen)yy — > wet y Ceeten)y me G wns Touts, — 5 Con (myth 4 ru- mz} ind (bo (wns)) Uy a (ee Uni) 37" eau m= ky ions KE AgCNY 4 ge gp Lago. me Lions Kyltalery] —4 mt y Leateny,) me be idnd [Ni Linods\ so, —> [niche yt soy m= Lions (Peoored Cea) —> Creamy) 4 Cert)” me 2 inns [@ecninds ds} —— No lonitevon m= 0 ions Conductivity & no: of ions produced (> Glligakve property & no: of int producecl (m) BIE am ATE dm Tem wai Coaligptive properiien Ae gens ondy on no: th parties ™ but nok mature ( tke see) LVR am GP am ee at,C§o-ordinakon number Con) 101 canta) meta’ by the L Te iy the Tm of vortdinate, bonds made Wes Surrounding ligands * Te all Nigands are monodentate, (N= we: oF Vigands When polydintate ligands are present , (n= & (work wigands x dentcity ) 4 he a te fe. “ Fe ne nN Ne DEY oe a} on ww Ens etnylene dianine >) Feu (rear twits ‘dination polyredron = Cetee east aad eee js RRC Spatial Grrangmunt ot Wigands around the Cenval metal te ML type LoamMe’ Ginear) L oo ole L Uiangular) 2's Planar L L L 4 Te Wee Ly rype ate, dva\ 2 6 (BED crenpiecer)Ser Square plane “FN <. y Cre, pd*, put complexes) L Mes type . | ee : PRL TeP L Ll re et quart pyrami: iS | Looe type Nahe y wal iaeet oltah edra | Determination oF OS of Central metal atom in compicxes ee ee ee ee Ui) Nay ky Re Ce, — +) Tr hydrides , for —- 7 Be, ma, Ca, Sr, Ba — ah FU, Qe, 2, Cn,0n, toy, ——> = \ nee ©, to, niy,ty en = — ° - — +\ =k SOy a — -} POWVo ky Le cong) 2 Kr (mi (Ory) A(n) + Pre Z 0 EH) + PEEL 20 Pete fen * (ooss ty [Co Cnty), U Br INDY Wa 3h) 2-3 we tuley -vev 122 me th — on 5 ULatay ‘- [ire ae owed} (x09), tan thro oe n-p-rem to +20) =O ne ty nea 1 LeOUNH rAd LeeCeN Ya Leo Enmads e Cercenye™ Ato = 45 arty 3 ~ or +3 & Lwiemnp g) Loatendg) A Lviovnona’k Lonceny,y* miger Yy They =-2 eae yet w(t (reams) (eo, D 4 Liter) bea a) WALA) F2zE)>9 Css 9 ms we th 3 Efkective Atomic Number (enn) cirechve Atomic Ne Tin the otal no ok on HE Hen metal muuding knoe qainecl fem s urrounding Nigands| a T[Ar no of metal _ caw (2) = [0 oF meter (Pd] + 2 x[cocrdinahon wey] -o_ gan ule (sidgwick} tr stares are id the EAN of the complex wincides with the a@hmic nunber ak tre nearest inert gas Car br, ght, gy Fmd , tren the complex» Stale with closed shall cenkiquratien - Nolte? Even though SOME Lom Pieces dont obey can rule, Bey are stable- fo Ky lFecende) © [eutamar,]i0, anne B24 pete Sb FAN? 26-2 +2(6) cane ee acpees i = 24-249 za GB Creer oD BW pro feb a ee et Bans Ue-0 48 = 3k EAN 2 27-342 = 34 ® (Pew da & keene) fap; (eo ea Fa) poe) oan Ean: Te-2th = 84 eee thse > So ® on DL cmod, Fe 79 Fe Ciel. { ne | wos ee fan = VE vay -a(ay arto) } oeV+ 3- O [wld (4d 9 [wero [eres GANe 27-3412 FAN? 24-2 Ha, =36 = 33 Notes TE tnt EAN of tne complex doesnt voinide sith He Gromic no: of neareyy werk gat, tnen +ne Complex tries to attain the nearest inert gas abmic ap Either by \esing W gaining or by dimbriza tion ex\ [v(oy) S M (vusrylre7 — 5 Evloy] EAN: 13-04 Ip ne EANELG = . VGoy, acts as oxidant et Cantor} (mn cr.) —— (nino) V ge- gan: aS tel) 237 taney exeeay Malay, add at reductant fed (oaleds] alalwe\s) —+ Leno) } 2 abHO: 3S aa Ex > IF caned4 fans AL 2 (sy -20) 42 indelta |= tan Al rt + 2Qs) + Nook € dats | 420) EAN= 34f peweming Hee EAN OF thy Allowing * y [Hem emsdy rcs sd.) iF ed Cee (le pairs one ber tach coetdinal€ pe 2-2-0 band pith Se UL peth 2x Br ib EAN > be—+ +e 3 3 i) [Fe (m-csts), ) — Ferroune cue Fee pe #2 dss 1 FAN = 2b y a Cer in- corre) BeAy ope es ase id oe FAN: 33 a w w RN 0 ) wo~ Fe-wte { Tet. So inl txteces Fe} a : w ve EAN: 2 (rt) -Lio) + 24) 42) =e Tyrac Nomencaturefal naming: D Caron name should be flowed by anion name @ _ Naming of complex entity Names of Ligands in Alphabekal order + o-$ of metal Loman i) Metal name + numbrals * Repeated ligands are prefixed with div tri -, tera elt: Th te ligand name aircady contains tempera, di-, Wi- tea eh, ten We prthxes bis, EHS, tetvaleis - pentakis- ere preAxes mould be used + For Canoric| neutral complexes, Hac metal name should be write AS such> WMile for anionic Complexti, Fak metal name should end in -abe Ee AL Alurnmnoe Ti Titanate Pb Plumbae v Vonadate bn Crannate or Chromate Mn Manganate Fe Fervare G@ Coloaltate Ni Nickelale GQ probe, th tincate Aa Argenta Pe Platinate Pa Paliadote * we tx) for beidge bondingass we (Aydride ) go (Fluoride finore) a (Cntoride (ar) chloro), Ber (Bromide Ler) bromo) s- (Totide bor) inde) C cyanide /oyano/ cyanide -¢) ENE (isooyanide | cyanide - Fon — Coyanato | cyana» -») NcP Lisveyanaty | cyanate -N) Stn Ctriecyanate | trietyanate -$) NCS” (Tsothiocyanato | thiocyanate) oo" es 1 (et) Ox (Oxalate) he tye conte P Levy dma ( dienctny) ly -Cen-on Qlyoxama te) HN-cHz-vo® (ot) gh? —— (qlysinate) ° t 2 (aury) Oye nec-ony (MY EAE “e Nor (Miike -N) (NC. (inik - 0) (wee So ow Gydroxido) Noy (Nitrate) we — (Carbonate) sop- —— (Sulprito) sod (Sulphate) . S254 S203" (Twosuiphate-3) ee (AWie sulphate -0) ws ) Ny (Azide) eee n> (nivido) NW Amide) wHte (4mido) Ce (Suiphidd on (0x6) or — (peroxide) or (tuperoxid o) Chyvo” (Qeetaro), EDTA ——_(Etmnytone diamine) i OLrale EDTA — (Etmylene diarmne Heraacehaio’Neutral liga nds CO (carbony!> No (nivosy)) Ney Campmine ) Ho (aqua) @ (ory Py ‘(yridine’) OQ 9 bipy oO (Gereene) ( oipyridy) (nydroxy\ eine) NHL NAL (aydratines BH OE ey LEtYLENE diaming) or ) = Uy a. UL Ethane doming (y= cn-em PP (propylene diimins ' \ Nine ni ot meatier Cry-cHy ch) Ceveerety| diam \ NHL Me PH3 (prosprine) PPh (i phenyl phosphine ) HiN-oW Positive Wgands as No,* (nitonium) Not (witeosylium) Niib- ny (viydraziniurn)yr 6 ky [Record Potassium) hexa Wy ano ferrabe (Mm) : {nicoda | Tetra carbonyl Nickel (e)) 3 Lartnrtz),) So, Tela Gmming copper (1) fulpha [Re wnsy(eyy W Br} Ammine brome chiove pyridine plainum (5) & ON (end3) Up Tris - CErhanc-ti2-diamine) wickel (2) chioriche ~ [we indy uy a Tera amming dichloro cobalt GD) chioride Cortnor, G1) Wino Teague dichloro Chromium (SIL) Chloride -2- water [Pe Gumioy) Le cendud 9 Creinmdat + Lee Conda\®” Tera amming plasnum (i) Tetra cyano Plaknate (1) 4 wep). LiLALHA) Limiumn tea hydride Oluminate (ID) " klAg (sen),) Potassium di thio LyahO -& Argenta (1)® Ca(oos)” Tr oxalate chromate (IE) — / Tris oxalate chromate (a9) P&H QD. Bis Qycnato Nickel (0) © (ee lem, Br) N03 Dichlore Gis (eHnyent diamine) cabal (D) nivale BEN Camoye} Bis (dimethy\ Glyoxamato) Nickel (TT) \s Nay Uni Conde) Sodium teracyano nidueliate (I we [Eotdg to See Gwin, | 8 I ON 7 (sv ad Un 1 Ferra ammint balk (DB) - 4- amido -sA- peroxide diamine dichloro Lbal t(D) mr Zohn Ne os fe an” Fe (nia) \ (Sou) Teta agua Tron (B) - w- di hydroxide - ker ammine Tron) sulphate ww (vo (cad \ Bis (awy) atyae) Oxo Vanadium ce) “nae[re Coss). Bis (cytlopentadieny!) Lron (2) 1 (wis CF- On - Cr (wing ) Uy 5 de Fenka Gmmine Chrominn (1) - M-hydrorido - penta amming ChromiumliE) chloride (on us Anchors IA-nydroride (penta arming chrorniam UL)) chloride . eC er Cony, © Ov (or) NHS] Potassium arming dicyano diexo peroxide chromate (i) Le owes), V7 Teva thiocyanate -N Lincate (I) 3: PhyP Near 4s py / ee et, Trans Chiovido Tipheny! phosphine Paliadiue (5) - WA- dichloride” chionds Wipheny) phoiphing Paladin (ay (8) Trane = aa-dichtoride Bis Lanteride phenyl phosphine Polladinm (I) ) ° i — MN-& I\o w DEH Caroony) di manganese & . C eh rays) 4 Tris ( triphunyl phosphine) Rhodium () chloride Ue ono twey)s) Sh Penta dentine vnivito-0 Gbalt (DY Suiphattag, Co=cinmd.),) Ge bis Dichioro puree Copper (15) ay area eo wre tele 7 yee XN oe RY NG Rive LliderriyA / d/ Trtyaice’) tricarbony! Tren(e) - a Wicareony)- Witarbony! Iron (0) in) do WiCarbonyl bis (hiearbeny\ Trenle)) Leven & bord a wound asa) = bond Cu 6 (Fe-Fe bond noi- wensidurey sn WW =o oF Ligands ) Tsom ERTSM a — TF Stu chara Sree 7) Tonitabion memeriim }) Geomemical Nomenigm, wy) Hydeoke Somcate 8) Opa, — Bomtrisim ir isomntriven wi) iniage |S iv) Paymeritaion wornerisen ¥) Coordina ion Womtriinn Vi) Coordin hor paalhoA gengns ne nd isnt vi)Structural ‘omeribm ——_— g Toni tation ‘omer isin —_— ee ne interchange of ligands within R outside tye coordinate, sphere: iy Tae vomers produce diterent ions upon fonitakon- & Ginnrer]so, 4 tican Coointtyys 6rd $04, ——__ Cela ys6ryet $102" Red vider TR Above complex GVes white ppt with Bau, A no ppt with Fanos. Ce (nity) 504] ar ——— > Levtmity rg 50,)* hed +6r TRE above compen GN yellow Prk with AQNOS And no pp with Ball, soln- ® Hydrate isomerism ee Te Grises dur to te ditkerence in the No of water molecules auhag aa ligands & water of crystaliirakon (degree of Wy dre how) Eee Cor(Hed J uy vidlet Lorne) W-Heo right bluish green LUcraro) U2 TU: tho Dark green Lert); 43) dro Dork greenTe arises due tO tre mode of Linkage oF ambident ligand wit. the Cinwal metal ex: 1 wy, et re iy SO — ny a lo ene rep} SL te Niy nny o Red Yellow + cL CG Gersoungg)” & Cer mesycnny Nott? oH Valance inormerigmis dus to the pri PPESENL Ob Gmbidint ligands © Poiynerivahion worncrisnn a These isomers have Same empirical formula bur ditterent moleudar formula Ge Cretnmy alread Lee bay del © Coordination isomerism ee Te arity dua te Me exchange ok Wgands behseen cation A anionic ordination enhha+ + For exhivihna, coordination isomerism, both GAKoniG b anionic enhney must be Gom plexus:u * 7 we (Pema) oe GJ ke CPE Guyyg 4)” CP Covi) U5) z (veo . 7 bomen) + Cocos” Leotwor) 3 4 3 Crown.” [peu y 7 a ae 6 4 Co Cmtyd 63 Ler (rod yy 5 Lee Cn Coat” " a . b LNT Cee Cao : . + Erilerds), eeCands) 4 © Co-vrdination position iomeritm Te arises dur te Interchange ot ligands behoten tu metal Ohms in bridged binuclear Camp lexcs on aa Lm eeg 7 ewwapur) t l UL Wwendy we ow a} 0 Ligand iSOMcrism Te rigs dus to Une presen of different uomers of @ Lompound as ligards. m feces Lethe hISkertoisomerism cee © Geomenical \someritm reionve positon of ganas in Ye nha) Trp due b ditterenu WO HAL muta Similar \igpnds ove adjaunt — Gis Opposite —? Trans J Covrdination Nos & _—___—_— \ \ Tebranedral complexes “Do not exhibit geomevical isomer Rearon’ Al) verkua are adyatent by bath offer 2+ Square planar Lomplexts Simei Avene eens Cisse Gb Orc) Coad (4,4) i OMe 7 Ny Franc = (ac) Lod) a - a omer >) MAY No geome WOME (sn No geomet Lomerisin b) MAyB OS MAB A JLomebica) — ivomersfe CPE wy pad «a a ne La L ue ) i See | wn Ymg ai cis trans a) MAL BC ga: CL Pent), Lory a 0¢ - oS Yo ah | ace | [ oe ‘| Oe nny, any Ya brany Maney ce: [PE Wyo) cnmony (py) Uy) Aen f Ae = | m7 A\mw% oe ‘ZN > ae * MABCD bype carmplexes have % Geometrical isomers © (mean, AA Biduntade syommeic (No gtomette Lomerisen) ue 7 ex Ceeteny,) wo NON Gry) AN > Bidenmate unsymmenic %) (mas). o ex: Leta )™ 34° NM ~ » (BS) (Caca] vee7 Sut Sw Pehy y) uw a 4 ahs Ne L . * Ni \ [ “\ oN Ae | tyans Oridged binuclear arplex TV Coordination no- = ¢ Octanedval complexes | -( ab) Gd GA) (4s) i. Nes (ae) Lore) “ed (he) » “y (at) (eit) (af) (at) trans - (ac) Codd (eFD O) MAy type = No AT +) MASS eth Gs O MA, cx: [te (oy he)" uw why tats — a L ace a nae a wy cis ue (Opry, inauive) d) MA383 A 5 ex: [Yolnrs\aao) sl r Nae 7 a7\ Re a7) — 6Lo & @ n \os shen Optically inackve as % he men aot | Facial isomer Meridional tomer (oer) (Fac) Merigional 2 denveat Nandy are on hotitontal plane (menidinal plane) + Facial J Wenbeal ligands Gre on one of the Wriangular fares of the octahedron % MALO Cy Bs (Pe wou Cnr, Py JY & c A - sc |el [a | i f Nn lA Se Nea 8 aise a e7\s a alec e © c A 8 . av uy &*) AN any AA Naw B-8 hans Ce Wang f) MAgcDcE 15 Geometries! isorners Exe Le Cu oe XE) (ea) cms) Py) "TE nas 15 gtormenicad worms (CR cy #2 wan) 4) [M(aads\ De fe (4 lery\" " "\l-s oA 0 Ne aby Lomtanr, te Ge (olen, a1" a | ‘3 NA acloD en SoZ on Ge Lay wh aw as Arans iy OLA oA ) Lmtar;) _ yp) f 0 ON a aabs « No a cs 1 “ oS EN o” a rans (0a) tis Optical Tsomerisme Ee J Coordinahon Number = 4 Dremeeeeaen eae eee 14) Tekahedra| Complete: a) maBcD yr Opry Macive cous fo tne labile narure oF Nopnds ( we Wands centienadusly ners Me potions) the prs On Non - Taleb» M(AQ), Oni y do] OS jad) BiLoemrey! derma) Beryiiam D) & is optiually active due ty lack oF plan ‘Ob Syrmmeby Uy, Son N\ Oey | =C~cw \ onc ra Guy cee + oro ane aid is 0A ot cee 2 Squace planar uae No Ophual Gubvity Sine tere iy Plane of symmchry TL Coordination Numicer= 6 Octahedral Com plexes Sma, ofa asd orhQD MABE oTA a) MAB. ora MAO Only all cis fim is oA A mle Ps ) 6 Ee Cre iNod indy) v : Now Nob Py ' Ss mo 1 SE — aa : amy STP 1 ye- hrs " Nay i nay 5) mapcoer [Pe U Br T (roy (hy) Lry)) Tr hey YO oprcal Bomers (is enankumeric pas ) 9) M(AALG, of =M(AAY BC 6 8 Sw ae my “8 | ov lon é 7 ro) a, \ sn) | p> Na Trans OLAa (© (eran) nH) (Aa), — Ophelly ackve fe [Orcona))” rm 1 & ' A % Nol " ein : No Gtomeme isomer Me lo GS $ Let? ) MLAB); —> ophiualy aetive Be: [Or Gyr } ° ° mil de ON (eS = ‘<) i oA )) (wtertay) oA Cs rings are foimed ) tS Note: ~ Read nov of isomers fom TD LeeFormula Total sheveo-isomes Enantiomer pairs Qeo- isomers May : Mase Maybe Maybe Majo. Maybvic Maybed Marbrcr Maybicd Mazbocde Makcact M(AA), M(AA) AL M(AR) AL MAA) Gy MLAB) Ag+ M(AAYA LE? M(AA)Q, be M(Aayabcd Ie MLAS), 4 M(O8),0r MLAB) ob u MLARY GY, M(ARYAgb M(AR)Orvbe 6 (AB) Arke n MLAB) Abed ay AZO KVe Pp PH Ape Ae ve pre-K ° fcr Pe PM PY ° Ae-K OWN w -o°- =e = == PoP ace 0 9 o0°0e gr PKU FMP errr Hp p- ) WU anny 2 [éo(nms)s42) (voter (Neutral ligands Cahsty 2° valenuy frit) BW) @ug-uany = (@lWr), aja (vietee(qreen) nis, | ua ee |. a7 yeComplex. No of mules Moles oF Agu (i mot) of ionitebie ppeed wren ire ated ws with Agno) [letra Jaa = Coury oni] 3 3 (volmng 1) UL, = CoUly Shay . 2 (col mm) Aid & 2 Uy “Linky 1 Croummyy yg) = Coty. a . Plaknum amino complexes ee ee Complex Nov oF ions produced Pray brn = [re Gord.) Uy 5 Peony = Creinnysu) uy 4 PeGy units = (pe twig), Uy Jur 3 PeGy Anny = LPe (ath) UU v ° PE Uyeda, = [rein Uy) a Glomenin predicted. by WwemerCampy x Observed Predic hd Terai Cclahadral — Planar hexagon Tigonel prisms a 2 ‘ 1 \ MX%sy ' 5 Mey L 3 M345 = 3 i Since no. of isormer’ canbidy with octahedral Qpormery iF ONG, He Stomeny Bi be octahedral Valence Bond Theory * The Contea\ metal atom | ion in tne vomplen provides tne no: ef vaconng GromiL orbitals equal fe the woordination number of Ene metal. THe vatant atomic orbitals involve in Suitoble hybridizakon producing hybrid orbitals The hybrid orbitals Overlap with the om om Pairs of Vigpinds te form dative bonds which are directed WN cpecified duechons Oround tne cenival mtty) imparhag a BLK nike. ajeomeny to the Complex: Te non-bonded & pairs Cemain in tne inner -orvitats (ina) * Under ane infivenee oF Shona Hud ligands, the e- pairing taker place against Hund's cult dbpending upon requirement Gormetinnes, pairing May oUt Oovint Rutloaws prnuiple) Tn sudh costs, miner d-orbitalk (in-Nd) are involved in hyeriditabon Sach vomplects Oe Gait imMner orbital fio spin] spin paired [hyper Nigared np lexes+ Under he inFiaene of Leak held ligand, te © Fe arransement does nop occur Se Outer d= erbitmls (nd) take park in hed Such wmpltxe: are cated outer orbital / high spin] spin free] nypo tiga ‘omplexes \ \ * Te tne Lomplex (onfigurahion has unpaired CO, ik is Paramagnenc Tt it contains ON paired up co , wen iF is Called diamagnehe Ligands’ Geld Gre agin (Cdonor SNe acner 5 6. dan co ~done| ee 6 iste a. (x halogen) Tepe < ste sae < Wen cee : : : I €UVeA < OMe Ot” Gore x 20) < ese NCS < epta” © Py enn YEARNS Cen = Soy” ¢ dipy co-pren c NOL- CCH YG CCHS” 3 (para) a: BOR > fis 8m Ra Cor(Hio Duley orbita? 30 mr ad gpd® (outer ovbitm)) ue ne 3 (pore) On Ton) m= vis GmMn complexes piheeneails Rian i [ma (ony 7 ad Mn GTEpy ad math ph Te present ck strony held Agand ENT , faifing eceurs AgHIME Hund’ rule 3a 4s ar Sd — iii) fa Giela) Cli a eee v A*sp> Canner orbiter) Nl (para) we Narr) = Lb am fo 2 (Mina, | ad hs he ud + Mn mh el ey Vv SP°d™ (outer orbits!) ne5 (para) wae I5(541) = (Ts gm ~ + ® [Mainns Out obital Fven though nity SNONA Keld Vigand, outer orbital compre, is fimed ud 14 us Me we =O SEE) cal ee SB 4* Coulee orbiter) n> 5 (Para) we Or BmFe Complexes. Ceecend > ba Ja hy tes Fe aathh) @ Ol) on Ce Gann) le iebal (elainieie ae Immer DP sp? Cebess ot oitar)) no (dia) dro a [Pe oe ea ad Fe Asp> (tnner ot bite 2 (pare) wz il) 24a eM > [recov u bs or ud SPd* Couter onvitat)) 1 (pare) we (oun) +O amLal ut 0 (Fetvnyny Ouker orbital complex Even Hwoush Nia 1s SEL, outer orbital complex 16 formed ee f\ aha) AeCTT) 4ptd* — (Durty orbitn)) Nk (pars) Ae fon) = J by Ge [Fe éoys\ Agping Put au's . . up td PRC, Had 's ee oe om se dsp> (toner orbital) TBP geomeny nro (dis) Co Complexes 1 [eotnmoy?” te a ws ue . GEER) @ OI mm ao aod Oo a an Tn preicna ak SFL Tike Ns a L dtiph — (Baner orbitar) ne (day Meo_ Q@ lwmnyt Somer orleital upmpa Even Yrousp Hiro TN WEL, Pairing baker plate wo Bp am at — 4 d’sp> (Taner ovdiln) no (dia) Avo « @ (eo (ox) sy" Taner orbital vornplex Wen Monge Ox AS WEL, pairing ates place a EET. o Ol] on —_ AMp> (Inner orbital) wo (Dray Mee w (wey om Se tpsd® (outer orbital) n= 4 (Para) we IT om Ni complexes —— wd hs we bd Ni © 20 om) : a ah amoa (Ni Cony) Oo am man veh) EERE dep Ctrner ot biter) Squore planar nro (Dia) Aso 2 Cniagd” ni fre) eo Sp? (Tetvanedra!) N22 (para) m Signy + VE am d- (wie } oe ee fibhie) OQ OO aD p> (Tervanearay) NO (dia) ave ' vt 4 (wit.0)4) Ni mn + gaan oo Sp3d™ Cowity orbiter) m2 (para) ws fea > {t BmOuter orbital a ©" Crean)? net Ga) o om am v Spta> loukty ofbilel) Even Anon Ney a SFL, paw ing doesnt oceur because 1) Paiving cequives energy "Seven after pairing» ents no ot (n-d d orbitals ave not available nee (pare) ane IE be x Cui” Taner orbital nite Eun Oo ma am evn rouge Fo ois WEL, paving ocurt nit at j om om > asp? (Suner ovbital) tro (dia) M20 Cr complexes peerage colges ee Neg fetalsltin “gape © TO oD(a forms womplenia with UN id 1 State Since ON reducing N'gand a eal Galen), Gen + 1 Condy (Sinn lar — ! o wer |axew rn ky Cor endy) |. Luca) ar Tha ht) MM Ct rit —{— $P> (Tetra hnedras 0 (dia) waz dD ® Loa tums), spd amare planar) a fkhEeh @ wl gain SpA (outer orbital) SAME Planar n=) (Para) ”~X1 6M "Tn order te Wave dsp hed , tre unpaired C 1 3d orbits) should be romuted to lp: Removal sf Up «is catier So, Gur¥ should readity get SvidiLed fp GIF which Cannot Wappen Ruggin suggured seta hod (apt id nok posuible cine the Complex is square planarAy vomprexes \ (zn cenra) ww fy rie a ee sp? (te hahedrat) ao (die) 2 Ra(mapy I ae Gmbh) (ON fans) yj] sp (renahedrat me (da) daze Pe complexes Vv Cre (nny, wt sas te bs bp bd 3 meer © AD oi —— Sp" (Sunes obi ta) ret mat) O om on Vv Sucre planar neo (De) aa. UCN pe’ op am ond uu ASpY Ganev orbiter) Square planar mo (piny Aso K a © (ay ‘Inner orbital ne a om om =. ALE (Inner or eita!) Square planar Mo (piny Inve we ue Lee tna ee EET ee q dtsp2 Ginner ovite!) tee (pia) daze PEt arwaye fms — square planar Complexes with Cre 4 Pd complenta AO ee at 6s. SP sd mp aio ano PaLed Gamay)? rave os Asp (anne ore ta) (Square planar) neo (Dia) mo (Bay « @ [rau.y Taner orbital lo dipt (Inner orki tm) Squere Planar no (pin) Maze Like Pett, PAP wlth Cet forms Squsre planar Aw _compeses bs! Sqie i ‘a hu a an oun aut am 9 fo ot © (oward a wt Aspe (omnes orbitey) Sucie planerno (pw) wero A women Jagex dt srt wah S se ee Matwiaiale) | (0) (celles), inletuleelan) a Goa oO OT o J SP (Linear) me (Dra) MO Brown ving complex (Fe (H.0), no] so, (Nitvos © Fermus suphat ) Fee eines) eles) (elede lel) Be presence of SFL Vike No, one & gets paired up (Parnal Pairins) 8 ies | ele) tel ‘wo Wanckerved ints 34. vebita) HX Unarge _anster: An © from ok Fett Fe to 4 fet + nor . f pep] @ ie) me IT) PA™ — (oune orbital complex) nz \ (para) a: {Jon «fis 6mvi "ND 18 3 donor oS ok Fes 44 : Cnarge Tawsfer complex ae Or [hie ma A. "teen aren (Ochna!) ae Ys __ CN & \ 4 V Vy \_] No Histidine — . Ony rownaayiovin : Low «pin (din) Cenwal oom 4 €e (2) Deory waumogtobin ign aya (rae) Conval Grom — Feu Boy, ‘ean Seprarmegletin — Aoxyraymedodiny SHE ot fe mereaues by Bit vecant Stay mM tre plane of porphyrin + gb rransports OXYGEN Not Felt(rystan Field Meory (cet) ye ) me inkeraubions between cenWal metal be Ngands are purely e\Corestahic ve 0} ionic *) CET wnsiders only Fepul sive The metal Mittracions behwen tne Nigands & d-orbitals of ii) The ligands ’ Sands are regarded as pone -ve ChargA around tne “ended metal NewWal ligands Qends are remaracd os Polar moleunles with they -ve ends towards Cenval metal ions W) There is no OVE apping ot orbitals oF the metal vith He orbitals of Ngands: Y tH an isolated meta ion, tre S drorara\s are degenerate - when tne Nigands Approach Unival metal Creabing & Aprerital field, then the energies OF a Sd orbitals rise to the same extent: When Hat \gands Approach even clover, tre d-orbitals Cplit up Mb 2 of move sets depending upon the extent of repulsions: Te energy gap berwen higner MMergeic d-ovbita & lover eneraeric d-orbibal W atied crystar field splivting eravgy | crystal Reid stabitizanon energy - Fig > dry dyr, dan UC Wiply degeneriey & > dey, arr ( dounc dage nea) TA A ; \We lobes of drovbitals DF a e+ poink towavda foe centers Wie those of a point traards edag centers Crystar Field Splitting 19 ockanedval comple xes Ao= lodq Spe (CFSE (fom «Pecbrescopy) O01 Wolared meral ior Tn octahedral field, tne & ligprds approacn the CenWva) metal along Ex,ty, 1B axes ie Me ligands approach tHe WUnhal metal along, the Bis joining tore centers: In isolated metal ion, the d-orbitals ave egenerare Wren liopnds approach the nlval Metal Creating @ SPherival hetd, energies 8C Gil drorbitas increase fe the Same exlent Ghen ligands approach even Closer, those Hoyamdt ovbituls divected in the direchon oF &pproach of ligands +ufter greater repulsion, tran the dtners is) (ty et) So deatbitalt split Wty hao 4H bs tag Lith tne Arn on Cernaining oF tne Same Itvel A) oyL The AVA: ENELQY barrier is calied Corys Unter Whac inergy is baken ag 0 THE MEY GaP bemwxen by K try set of obit is caied crystal beid spitting oF STYKTAI Beid stauilizahion energy CCFSE) wher Is given By Do & 10 Bq + The Energy et fg set ok orbital increases by 2 Do une eae 's lowered by 2B wrt Bary center CFSE Loe cumin) Ao Overall Stalsilraanion energy > CESE + paving energy CF) Fairing energy : Energy needed te pain up the "or De > CRAG > P > Jou spin compounds SEL favour to spin lee apn Ce» ues ia boc p> High Spin compounds WEL Gre favoured Riga tpn (WE) tg aeAr ay tights? CRse= (wee - OU) Be = -Ob Be For a* hist e5¢ CELE = (Coble) - oulry) do = -0'8 Ao 3 for d beg? CRE = = 12 Be For dh SFL: CSE = (o-vtey- Ou (4) 00 e trig eco 789) = -\e Bo WEL Cee (OLY - Ou aN de f Fag? eg 2 (ob- vt) As SER Fob as For d® wEL : CREEL OLOY-@HL)\40 = 0 bupbecy SEL cee: (EMO) —lWS] = — 2B. kroheg” Ford SEL CSE CebyO — (ouye) Do = -2-4 AY Frat eae WEL . ~ ses (ob) & Cony Be + ws». ugh egt ceses (C00) ) Ob Re aeseu Cee = [OM - (04) oot “bE AG wee che [@y2 Say. OC SFLJWFL = [ouyu- lourey as = Fach met is octamedraliy surrounded by $ Haorides For completes ok d'/d'id'? only LE attects crability For Mey solids * SAraty , Fe (ASD, Ga"? (a) Tetagonal elongation in octahedral keid “Tn octanedeal field , when He d-orbitals Are Cymmetvically filled wit 7, aN Niganas ore repelled caval So there is no distorkon in octahedra) had: (2,4, at, 0", se), ateTre asymmetric Kiting of Grorbitals Toul in the repubion oF Sort ligands more than the others So, some Ngands are prevented from approaching G4 Clostly aa other which Itadi to distrKon iq octanedral complexes * Te distor Bons are signibrant wren 5 set is Gsyenmetvically billed because ot & +e ok dorbitely are divecred tovards the 4pproad, ot \igands our) GRE) 9 # (sey RPE] a’ hl * The asymmetric Ring ok hy har no Significant ettecr on the distorbien BF octahedral Geld because ry set sf orbitals are divected oray from Ye approach of ligands (an bekween the oxes) vonen da® has one more © jan dxr-yr then HE Vigands Approaching, along axis suthy greater repulsiont so, tmey mand 244 rom Cena MTP Unie Ha ligands Along m. nh Y axis approach closer bw wis \tads Fo Ketvagona\ Arongaton ocranedral Compre xes . lanen the repulsions are Stronger _ kwon tne Nigands alons, BOX, Fail te bond vite M™ nich result in square Planar Comp)caes oa town dary® har,more an de> then ree four ligands along KY ants sucber arcaker repulsions So they hy boant aivay whe the ligands along 2-axib Approach Cloier: Thiv re Julia in tka Qonal vompre sion ik involves the Tetragonal vompreriion 1s ene raericaily not favourable as cepulsiont kom four Nopnds- Square planar complex with d? vonkgurakon : nit For Nit (gt) (Sina b herds apprach dary i datyt k 2 Vgands by ‘ Approach dy ) due ®) Prder te Milena of SEL OPE “RoW € occupy de® only: So th igpnds Along saris sulter severe ‘epubions frereby filing to bond with cenbal metal: Mid ruulh in Square planar Lomplex day dat 5 L) Under the intiutnce of WAL, the Pairing doent olcur with de? Bere “Tr Wmnot form square planar complex 43 both dat k dart contain equal no ot e> ie— / i i / and) ; dsp / : \ 1 —n / ‘yoda | - For Ta, wit url Energy 4 gyre ayy widen For (rt uy) Energy of det ¢dya & dan * he Fotlosiny ions form Square planar complexes \ el No of ungated ¢- eC Tons Fiud | _ate ming. qa pre | 1 vamp! | ot | we | 4 an | 1 a | fer | Hom (we) Lu | } , uw | Sf \ 7 nit, gett SF ° pat, per, Ault | SFR WF ° - ai ce Boe SEA WE 1Crystat eld Splitting i tetvanedral complexes —— 4 «Tn xtanedral Complencs, ne , ligands Gpproauy the umva\ metal in beg me ARU- So, the Geoveitals directed in berween the AXES Suber Greater repulsions- Me energies of day, dye bden wercases by BAe Above te a Becyeinttc Ms nity ale AR dnagh decreases by Ly fotlow ta Gemmpraente) 11) Ove ie Reason: S) te of Nopnds ia tebahedval Feld ik % oF 99: of Niganda m octahedral feild. \ Tre expected angie ok approach wrt ty voordinate aati shonld be lost as! = : Foy uy! bub the ansie berwen Arorbitay h the divechor of approach is ISP ik! becaue oF whigh the beld i redued by ACK Ca Sy uu 3slr &: Beko _-o: Tn Felvonedval vormplener, Overat sravillzation Ene = CFSE + Pairing Energy CP) ‘Tr ee Vows spin vomplex whidh iy fovourabe by SFL tov spin (seLy tg SAO la : ¢ t Tr Ay ce WiQh Spin Complexca are Favourgb\e by WEL > Mish spin (WEL) ghee? eS BAO For d> we cose 2 L oat) -veGylOe + -08 Ae ek sf cesee [omby -oulsor - - tea,a fer 8 ue He CPSE = [0-4 (3) - 04 (4) OF oe a ota & for af —— sf cece: Cowley ob(uy Tor = “Ped Cire CEES E> vee | nev [Statiiny oF womplex % CFSE * Genevaiiy, tervoinedral complexes ave high SPiN Shi octanedral complexes are low spin Ream: Ao > de Foon athconny Cese Vigand Feld stengig CRsE Ligand Field. Svengts Shona, Bald Vigards Cause more splithing than Peak eld Nigands ot CFSE ok (Colma 5 Ulla)? 2 NMASFCR tuo HWRL ") Charae on conta) metal ee Pr te charge on Cental metal increases, CELE alo increas CELE A Cnarae on metal ien] aeCALE ot kylFecosd) > ky CFe con | Tm 3d series, mtd compe ay SD mdre CELE than MI Lomple x NN) Series fe ahi the metal belo 4d Jo} ine in CELE ua | Soy ING in CFSE Sd v CFSE CeatmmsyeY™ & Canin)” < Caecum)? Va ld sa Sroriity ot Gornplexes —_____ by \ Mee == ww Meth SES mt, b Mtl == my Mant == MLn Wee Merk byes Mew LHormanon vongtant) = Stabilihy conttante Stotilihy of sooaples[farihy 2 ones % Staboiity venstan t w| Me 4 te ( Pissoctanen Gonstant) 2 Tn Stubility constant Stabitity ok Lompiex gg Tastabiihy constant (Lor w) More -VE more stave CFSE + NO Stability due h CELE © Shabilihy may are duu to LE By atureseranaend [Sraviiny % Ligand Field_shrengtn Coince with @ ig Ligand Field Siren gh, ese T) Site of metal ion ane ee \ Vavility % | ——————— Sixe of Hea metal ion Lodimy oF mn? > Fe sc5% > nit > Urt Str" Mutt enit ¢ G2 att Syaviviy oy vamp MabTe FO Cua™ EN C CAlt 2 2 5+ Elechronegativity oF metal ion eee Stabini EN Ok Cental metal Jat h Cort Ex "ud Lat be ou ee Oo ™& Locaton of metal Stoboiity sk commpler formed by metal in 2d cud Sd series (cFse) st Seay ok [oe tw © Cen (rany 2” © Crvennne y Dpae Momint Stavitity of Dipole monunt AW MMS > Rem > Ket > cela StaviHi6y oF Complex with MM > EEN > CEN > Ek Be Rasicity ot ligand _ More ne basic strength , more tre shabilihy Gina ik Can danate oo better) Stavivity Gasic shi of ligand asic SWengh ek ny 3 Hye Vravitiy Ler Cem” S Le Gash G- Exteni ot chelahor he Gravity of Lomplex WMcreases with MCAS ok degree oF chelahon Grail a Cheloken ve 1 Stabiny of (lo Crease) & Ces Canangtn? < Ete (isd fended’ e LielenbTeocvm Vs ren ——+ Leo ns ed PP + barns (SFL displaces WEL as Swongr interaeions Stabile the ompitx.) * Catlation increases tne Univepy SFL displaces WEL Tn AWE absence of double bond, § membered ring is Stable Tn the presenu of double bond, & membered ring it staple Tht Onclaion whith leads fp tht formation of lest than 5 membered or more dwan 6 membered rings are ies stable Choo cms, (adn (on, oon, \ed THiS compex is Stabie when ned which give? S-membered 199° Macro-cyciic erreur Me polydenrate cyclic ligands Wordinated te the Lemwal metal imparbry a rigid highly StGb\c LoMaplex Shructure © This Phenomenon + Coed macrocyclic etek 7 <. > WDSteve etkect We bomplen wit ligand Stabivihy ordur : LoDoo oy OO A/S O i" V \ i v 4 Y ony on on + @) (ny (wo) Hod b Soft Acids & Bases Hard Acids A Gases Non- polarraab\e see ee ee Wards nord D> Lass Covalent Colounicss. More Mptue soluble. im water (compared ty Settackr) Sot Aid & Bases Move polarizatic Soke FEO 55 Move covttnk Coloured Less coluble in water Compared be H-n) Sokt-Sofk (r) Hard-hard Lombination more Stronepy than Mar d-sotk Combination: SS [hen 18 Shronger as ik Was Shonaer IMtergcrions Brink Hos / SH So S-$ Ai OF Hest Soluble in Welty than SH] Hes Agr (SA) re GB) Lit (way &* (ma)“s Agi (less soluble) : Solubiliry oF Hck SH > HHe Hn LiF Cress soluble) cS Ws uL (modtrorly soluble ) sn Age Cetighiy sotubte) Reauion bthween tuo hard-sott vambinations + WS 4 Ws, > Wirt 4 Sse sane -ve In Sn $ au Ho \lre py Gi Closs & Class-¢ D Crass a metals (Hard acids) (As bases) Stabitiny of complexes [F> Uo 2h at boss> se >Te susp As> Sb >Bi new meett @M Char & metas ( sott acids) | Stapitity of womplersrs LETS We eT Ve oes ese cte EN CPcAscSheg; FLU" (Hard) Br- ( Borderiinc), I> (okt) ® Cass c metas (Vorder tine metals ) | Tree peopernes are watermediote Uhaten Nard A sokFApplication: of complexes In Yhotugraply Ay Or AaNa,%0; 4——7 NaglAg (Sosy) 7 NaBy 2 Ta metallurgy 4M 4 BNE + 0, t2HL0 ——> 4NaLMLEN] + 4 NacH (m= Ag Pa) 3 In medicine: + Lead peisoving is removed by complexing sith EDTA - oom " Cie pon me = Prk cancer agent nh. > 4 Softening, of water: + Cort h Mgt joni are removed by EDTA om [m(ertayT ~ Caigon's process Me cath Na, Nay (P03) ,) emt 5 Naima) + unat (M2 Lage) igor S- Tn quatitabve Omatas : Detechon of _Nilogen Lasioigne’s sot Fe Lecce}, > Prussian blue Uloured complex Detection oF Sulprur pital Al Sahl oe na, (Feten no) Sodium nilvoso prusiidt Worl FeComdsOd fy pigs ae Na CFeLn)s nos) Sodium trioninoroprosvede (Visit)Detection of ur AgNeS —» Agud + Nor Agi dissalves in excess Ayn, aus fo Gomplex fxm ahon Agu tinny, 4 [ag inn. yu + AgBr is parkally dsssived AgL cremains intoluble (no compics Frrmnakon >) Nyt Sale Ni Kg) 4 con > -tg-0- 9 T Nesslers unt) Lodide ef miliion's base (coheures9 (Luddish brown) Detection vf Ty a try ap ORY (Oroer ) Tdeniibeakon of Cyt 2 Gar + ony > [Guinn deep bis Catt 4 ky CFeceme) > ta CFe@ndy) Chocolate beeen Lome lex Tdentigcaren +t Cot — k4leino.y) 7 yellow NayClolnoye) > lowes Tdentiicakon of Ni*t Cri (dmg quite staple due te 4 (oy rod Compl dmg = SEL bond+ Diamagnene o- oF 1 ony c=N A, wee + quent planar tye CEN TT, Nalee thy complex @-n--- eo : + dip® hea &- Biomolecules * Haemoglobin Porphyrin ring macrocyclic eect octahedral ib ec SFLs co or CNT can replace O/H 0 * Onl Nloroplny!! Por phytin tiny Sqpare planar Ye cneu - nome, oN + Vitarnin - B12 (Cyonocobalamine) Navin - BY Gorin, ring system (Similer po porphyrin except fan one Methylene brige in absent )Unwar metaj—> ot! Jot sat? Gt! (Active fom) - cas Ocrchedra) complex 1 yailkinton’s catalysr CencPrns da) Orgpno- metallic compounds (ome) ak alse RS Contain carbon-metal oF Carlon-metolleid bond: + Tonic OML: Foremee = Formed by highly erectroprsiive metals ( enevay 104 EA) Ex. RL tna amos NaCECH NG C2CNa * Covalent Ome ae f 2 types: © bonded ome Carbon & Metal Con buk one &7 eath for = bok FemahonEx: Rcd, ALES. RyB, RaSMH /Ruybm, PE CUMS) 4 1 COM ee ALCOMS>, Exist ay Aimer on un +N “omy AL A \ a chy S chy 7tn wey cny Be-de-~ bend W TF bonded ome Formed by tigands Containing avaiable TT ¢> Ve ligandi which Cay, form 9 bond wily metal using twee Te €: 9 a My N\N Lee xt Fe EC teas ana) au’ Yu Te alto form bade m-bond Aise's coll 5) CNEb (Sime b paits HEE” AYE Given be arr ie) Cee (m5- cous] i) e @) ced Cue 6 on Cer (at cong Dibentent chrowiuman) TAM bonded compexes Tx. 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