1.

The bar chart illustrates the estimated share of population purchasing an e-book or a printed book
in 8 distinctive nations, combined with the table comparing the sales from e-books and printed
books in 2021.
Overall, it is obvious that while China was the main e-book consumer, the majority of printed
books was purchased in Germany. Additionally, the sales from printed books are much greater
than that of e-book in 8 different countries.
According to the bar chart, China had the highest initial share of e-book usage at 26.1%. There
was a gradual decline in e-book usage from the United States to Spain, with Germany having the
lowest share of 10.8%. On the other hand, Germany emerged as the primary purchaser of printed
books, with a substantial share of 58.3%, surpassing Spain and the UK by approximately 10%.
The United States followed closely behind with a 44.6% share. In Japan and Australia, the
proportion of the population buying printed books was 40.1% and 41.1%, respectively.
Conversely, the rates were relatively low in China and South Korea, both below 40%.
Regarding the given table, China primarily constituted the majority of sales, with 23,4%
attributed to printed books, outpacing that of e-book by 5%. The United States ranked second,
with printed book sales comprising 20.3%, doubling that of e-books. Similarly, in the UK, Japan,
and South Korea, the ratio between e-book and printed book sales was approximately 1 to 3.
Likewise, Germany's printed book sales reached 20.4%, which was five times higher than its e-
book sales. A similar pattern could be seen in that of Australia and Spain, with around 5% of
share allocating to e-book, following behind that of printed books by roughly 8% and 10%
respectively.
2.
In this harshly competitive society, field of study is of paramount significance to the
development of the world. The debate now persists over which factors contribute to this filed
advancement. It is a common belief that by virtue of outsiders imparting their knowledge and
experience to that of field of study, field of study has improved significantly over time.
Personally, I, in part, agree with this point of view but opine that it also depends on people’s
application of this knowledge.
First of all, there are several compelling reasons why the integration of outsiders' experience and
knowledge plays a pivotal role in the development of a field of study. One of the key motivations
could be attributed to the potential for creativity and novelty. Outsiders, unburdened by the
traditional ways of thinking within a field, can offer alternative viewpoints and approaches that
experts within the field may have overlooked due to their deep understanding and entrenched
perspectives. Therefore, this infusion of fresh ideas and perspectives can foster innovation,
driving the boundaries of knowledge and facilitating improvements within the field. Albert
Einstein serves as a prime example of the transformative power of outsiders' contributions. His
groundbreaking theories of relativity, borne out of his creative thinking, revolutionized our
understanding of space, time, and gravity. By introducing novel concepts and challenging
prevailing notions, Einstein's work not only expanded the field of physics but also had far-
reaching implications for other disciplines.

However, I am strongly convinced that the realization of these benefits heavily depends on the
effective application of acquired knowledge and experience to the field of study. Mere
acquisition of knowledge is insufficient; it must be translated into practical applications to foster
progress and growth. In other words, the successful application of outsiders' practical and
valuable knowledge can significantly contribute to the advancement of various fields. This
application may manifest in diverse forms, such as conducting research, implementing new
strategies or technologies, or devising innovative solutions to existing problems. Consider
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, which has profoundly impacted the
field of biology. A notable example of the successful application of Charles Darwin's theory of
evolution by natural selection is the field of medicine, particularly in understanding and
combating antibiotic resistance. By applying Darwin's theory, researchers and healthcare
professionals have been able to better elucidate the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance and
develop strategies to combat it. This understanding has led to the development of more effective
antibiotics, as well as the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria.

To recapitulate, although it is widely believed that the integration of outsiders' experience and
knowledge can invigorate a field of study by bringing forth novelty, and alternative perspectives,
it is my firm belief that the effective application of this knowledge would drive progress and
growth within the field.