John Hughes Dee uci Petar’|) gerne 2» CENGAGE LEARNING = Learning: PRE-INTERMEDIATE STUDENT’S BOOK John Hughes Helen Stephenson Paul DummettContents Split Edition A present simple leisure activities taking eboutiine:s [l/l oa! 1 dre andempresiors do. or ply sound and speting of Frequency ‘worsbuiding ver + present simple and ‘noun cllecatiors Health resent continuous word focus feel medical problems pages 9-20 ‘VIDEO: Slow food page 18 » REVIEW page 20 vet +-ng frrns wwordbuiding: word forms taking about interests Ike ing "dike 0 sport venues and sent eters Mr competition words Competitions word focus: ke pages 21-32 "VIDEO: Cheese rolling page 30 > REVIEW page 32 ‘comparatves and modes of transport cing ona jourrey than superiatves {tarsport (1: nos sentence suess 2538 worsbuilding: compound intonation transport (2): verbs prep OR transport words pages 33-44 ‘VIDEO: Indian allways page 42» REVIEW page 44 past simple personal qualities teling a story 1, Aloha past continuous ‘wordbuiding: negative was prefes intonation for geooraphical features responding Adventure inom ot at for time pages 45-56 biiacs "VIDEO: Alaskan ice climbing page 54 » REVIEW page 56 ‘countable and materials phoning about en order /da/ or /Sis/ “uncountable nouns househald tems sounding trendy ‘quantifiers wordbuilding: hyphenated definite article (the) or words The noartce results and figures a word focus: take environment paves 57-68 ‘VIDEO: Coastal clean-up page 66 » REVIEW page 68 veib pattems with t0-+ life events inviting, acepting and taf infintve stages in ie ‘ecining contracted forms future forms: going celebrations ‘emphasising to, wiland present word focus: get ‘weds Stages in life contruous wordbuldinc: syronyms pages 69-80 VIDEO; Steel dreams page 78 REVIEW page 80 > GRAMMAR SUMMARY page 83.» AUDIOSCRIPTS page 91 COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES page 81Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing talking about two aquiz about how well the main argument a quiz text type online Ssery loom dancers _yousleeo your current Ife advice ‘erpert analyses. anarticle about ‘measuring happiness writing stl: ‘contenarians conjunctions (and, interview about long an article about 7,50, becouse, measuring health bud) ‘and hapoiness describing an quotes by famous reading berweon the guess the ambiton text type: an advert conan competition sports people lines ‘enplaining the rules or notice ‘Pee people taking about an artide about crazy ‘of acompettion wating ski: 307 competitions your opinions about checking your ner deserbing the an artice aoout sport vweiting ‘ies of 2 competition female wrestlers in Bolivia 1 describing a photo an artic about reading between the transport you use a report about S241 trevellngy train transportin the lines attitudes to using "how people travel india future ‘animals for around town ecocople discussing the an article about dog ‘transporting text type: notes and feos and cons ofelecric —_—_sledging arguing for end messages es an artic about the against keeping writing sil: weting [tee documentaries fete ofthe rickshaw rickshaws in in note for “out sing animals for in Kolkata Kokata Sensportng ‘Scares describing Rumbling an atile about Identifying opinion asking aboutyour text type: a tue Fis Cave adventurers past stony = sterview with a survival an article about a qualtes needed for wrting el using oer imbing accident ‘an expedition -Wyadretsin events you stores | remember ‘eteling @ story ‘=xract from a documentary an article about ose reading ‘opinions on recycling a report of a survey bout the artist George e-ubbsh Presenting a report text type: emails Sebra an article about the ‘an interview with an writing sel: formal +2 radio phone-in show Greendex environmentalist language bout reqyding an article about a boat made of plastic bottles, the Pasi an online order = raplanation toa riddle an arte about how —_entifying the key —_-Hechangng text type: a yee people talking about a couple changad_—_—information decisions description their plans and intentions ther life Your favourite festival writing sk: 2rewsitem about Mardis an article about deserbing annual descriptive Gras how Mards Gras is events adjactivas ce'ebrated around the world en article about @ Masai rite of passage ‘WORKBOOK UNIT! page 96 > UNIT2 page 104 » UNITS page 112 » UNITS page 120 » UNITS page 128 UNIT6 page 136» AUDIOSCRIPTS page 144» ANSWER KEY page 149, SUnit Grammar prepositio and m present perfect simple Work VIDEO: Butler school 8 Technology REVIEW. defining relative clauses zero and first conditional VIDEO: Wind power » REVIEW present simple passive by + agent past simple passive Language and learning VIDEO: Disappearing voices & REVIEW past perfect simple subject and object questions -ing !-ed adjectives Travel and holidays "VIDEO: Living in Venice» REVIEW i= reported speech Vocabulary, jobs wordbuilding: suffixes office equipment. for or since job satisfaction word focus: make or do job adverts 2 job interview. the internet werdbuilding: verb ‘intonation prefixes conditions expedition equipment sentences word focus: have linking technology verbs asking how. something education phrasal verbs \wordbuilding: phrasal verbs describing a process stressin direct and indirect: questions holiday words (types of holiday, accommodation, activities, travel items) holiday adjectives \wordbuilding: dependent prepositions places ina citySomeone talking about the author’ opinion qving directions text type: a CV tipet police offers describing past wating sil: action 1 documentary about an article about the eoaes ‘verbs for CVS working asa photographer cost of ne jabs t your opinion of a job anintervew with an nae engineer an article about modetn-day cowboys I ‘adocumentayy about the an explorers bleg Supporting the main problems that text type: a importance of technology an article about argument ‘inventions solved paragraph ‘science programme about —_biomimetics inventing anew witing skis: ‘new vention robot connecting planning en words; topic expedition ‘and supparting using nature to sentences improve designs ee an nglsh teacher talking an article about the adult education a general bout working in Japan history of wting a general knowledge knowledge quir aradio documentary about an article about saving quiz text type: forms Jeaming Kung Fuin China languages the author’ opinion _ariting kil providing the correct information an interview with an attice about reading between the a holiday or journey a tourist webpage herpetologist tipping in other lines you remember text type: a forma) Wo conversations about counties planning the holiday letter Problems whist on holiday an article about the of a lifetime “uniting sil: formal ninterview with a Nationel — tunnels in Patis a tourist website expressions Geographic tour guide @nhistoran taking about an article about relevance items for atime text ype:a Scotts hut at the Antarctic moments in space capsule biography “aN itervew with an history how we used to live writing ski archaeologist @ biography of Jane: moments in history punctuation in Goodall reporting an sicect speech i interview ‘an interview for a biography icle ting Sohn alee about storm dose reading promoting your bee themselves a profile on Greenland plannin eer eee) es "un aeba Video in Split Editions A and B Unit 4 Alaskan ice cli How to climb a wall of ice. Unit 5 Coastal clean-up A global effort to clean up the world's beaches Unit 8 Wind power How the wind turbines of Spirit Lake save the schools energy and money. , Unit 6 Steel drums | Steelbend music, or pan, isan important part of this Caribbean zi island's cuture. Unit 2 Cheese rolling The ancient tradition of cheese rolling in avillage in England, Unit 7 Butler schoo! Find out how to become a butler. The impact of tourism on the Inca city of Machu Picchu,‘a Unit 1 Slow food ‘A city that is enjoying itself ~ taking life slowly. Unit 3 Indian railways Learn what it's like to live in Venice, Learn more about the Indian railway system. ry eee) Rescuing victims of illegal animal poaching in Cambodia Ueceliy Unit 9 Disappearing voices A project 1o record the last speakers of disappearing languages.UNIT 9 LANGUAGE AND LEARNING UNIT Be UNIT 12, TRAVEL Fay sf NATURE ORNS a woPee ee er ce ee) FEATURES 10 How well do you sleep? Take a quiz and find out about how well you sleep 12. The secrets of long life How can you live to be one hundred? 14 Health and happiness Measure the level of happiness where you live 18 Slow food A video about a healt way of life in an Italian town AQuiz YOUR CURRENT UTE 4. Look at the two people in the photo. Way do you think they are happy? 2. 1.1 Liston to someone talking about the people in the photo. Answer the questions. 1 Who are they? 2. How often do they practise dancing? 3. Why do thoy think dancing is good for theit physical and mental health? 3 Work in pairs. Look at these activities. Tell your partner which activities you often do. Why do you do them? qycle through the countryside do crosswords 90 for along walk work long hours reac a book ley computer games run marathons watch TV often cycle through the countryside because it's good for my health. 4 Think about other activities you do in your free time that are ‘g00d for your physical or mental health. Tell your partner. MEASURING HAPPINESS \uiness [Sir] ADvict °reading and speaking the secrets of sleep * listening analysis of your answers © grammar present simple and adverbs of frequency * pronunciation /s/,/z/ oF /iz/ * speaking and writing a quiz 1a How well do you sleep? Reading and speaking Grammar present simple and 1 Do you feel tised today? Why? / Why not? adverbs of frequency 2 Do the quiz below about sleep. Make a note of your 5 Match the sentences from the quiz (1-2) with answers. the uses of the present simple tense (a-b). oo 1. Before bedtime, Toften do some work Listening 2 Vmnever tired at work. to talk about things that are always true to talk about habits and routines 3 12 Listen toa health expert talking about the quiz. ‘Tick the characteristics which are true for each answer. People with mostly A answers: 1 You heve regular routines 2 Youare hardly ever tired. People with mostly B answers: 3 You wake up once or twice a night. 4 Younced more sleep than othe: people. youwerthey sleep heltheit leeos lyoulwerthay don't sleep hebheit doesnt steep Do you sleep . People with mosily C answers: Does he sleep.” 5. You regularly work in the evening. 6 You don't like sport For further Information and practic, see page 4 Workin pairs. Compare your answers inthe quiz Which type of person are you? Do you need to change your lifestyle? How well do you sleep? ‘Question: aes = Q: Deen ‘A usually sloop the same amount as any other day. B sometimes sleep for an hour or two extra ‘A No, I don't often fee! tired. € always sleep until midday! | never get up early. B I sometimes feo! tired after along day at work. € Allthe time! I'm always ready for bed. Question: | 2 A I never wake up before morning, B I rarely wake up more than once, ang | usually A Between seven and fall asleep again quite quickly, eight hours. € Two or three times a night. 8 More than nine. rarely stay uplate. Question: 6 Fewer than six, (Speco * | during the day Question: A No, 'm never tired at work. B Sometimes, so I take a nap after lunch. After that I'm ready for work again. ‘A watch TV or read a book. Always! That's because | work long hours B do some exercise. and get home late. € do some work. fall asleep 1 9Slep/ start slaaping ‘take @ nap elk ener’ @ shortsleep that you have during the dayUnit 1 Health © Look at the grammar box. Then complete the le about sleep with the present simple form Why ' dowesleep (we / sleep)? From birth, we #_ pend) a third of ‘our lives asleep but scientists still» (not / know) exactly why. Why* (humans / have) problems sleeping? Jn modern society, many people * (not / get) the recommended seven or eight hours a night. We * (work) long hours and we rarely” (go) to bed at sunset, Why? (we / sleep) differently? co (depend) on the time of year and also our age. Teenagers always “ (need) more sleep than adults Lots of elderly people (not/ sleep} longer than four or five hours, but they often” (take) naps during the day. Pronunciation /s/,/2/ oF /12/ 4 1.3 Listen to the ending of these verbs. Write s/, a) or zl. Then listen again and repeat. feels /=/ 5 goes needs: 6 dances watches 7 does sleeps 8 works Discuss the questions. 1 What time do people normally get up in your country? How late do they stay up? Do they ever take a nap in the afternoon? How does this change during the year? Do people sleep longer in the sursmer rin the winter? 9 Complete this able with adverbs of frequency from the quiz in Exercise 2 100% alioays usually 410 Lookat the postion ofthe adverbs and expressions of frequency in the example sentences in the ‘grammar box. Then choose the correct options to complete the rules (1-2) Peter cue oes stan ‘She's usually late for work. often wake up at seven. How often do you wake up ia the night? ‘She wakes up two or three times 2 night. {In the winter, we sleep longer. For further information and practice, see page 84 Anadverb of frequency goes afier ‘before the verb fo be but it normaily goes after / before the main verb. An expression of frequency usually goes at the beginning / in the middle or at the end of a sentence, Work in paits, Ask and answer questions about these things. Use an adverb or expression of frequency in your answers. do exercise take public transport eat out in restaurants do gardening play board games check your emails be late for work read ¢ novel in the bath be ina bad mood ‘goon holiday be busy at weekends be stressed at work Speaking and writing 12 Work in groups. Prepare a How healthy are you? quiz for another group. Start cach question with How often ...? Are you often ...? or Do you ever ...? and offer three choices of answer (A, B or C). When you are ready, join another group and ask the questions in your quiz. Afterwards, tell the class about their answers. Do you think the other group is very healthy? > IBN = vour cursenr ure» MEASURING HAPPINESS» KLLNESS [GY = aowcereading the island of Okinawa * vocabulary do, go or play » listening in search of a long life + ‘grammar present simple and present continuous * spesking your current life 1b Th f long lif a ID e secrets O ong lure 6s we Vocabulary do, go or play = 1 Who is the oldest person you 4 Complete the table with activities from the article in Exercise 2, a know? How old are they? How healthy is their lifestyle? Laid go play 7s 2 Read the article below. Answer fishing al the questions. 1 Why are the people of 5 Add these activities to the table in Exercise 4. Use your dictionary to 2 Okinawa famous? help you, if necessary. Then think of one moze ectivity for each verb. 2 What are the reasons for 3 their good health? cards hiking homework nothing running shopping tennis the piano yoga football karate _surfin ; 3 Which ofthe reasons for good eee oe = a health in the article are true for par ler Tal yeu eater eee ‘We can only use certain nouns with certain verbs. These are called callocations For example, ge fishing but net do-fahing or play ishing, For further information and practice, see Workbook page 103. The Secrets of Long Life ‘The land of Okinawa in Japan has some of the oldest people in the world. Its famous for Its high number of centenerians -men and women veho lie beyond 100 years of age There have been many scientific studies of their lifestyle and you can even buy cookery books based on their diets, Some of the reasons for ir good health are that they go fishing and eat what thay catch regularly de gardening anc grow their own fruit and vegetabes. {90 cyting and never drive when they can walk often spend time with fiends. They meet at people's nouses end play games. rarely buy food from ¢ sup=rmerket do requiar exercise, go swimming and lead actve lives.Unit 1 Health to Listening 6 4% 1.4 Listen toa radio interview with David ‘McLain, an explorer and journalist. Answer the questions. 1 What does David want to know? 2. Whyis he in Sardinia? 7 14 Listen agai false (F)? 1 David MeLain is travelling to different countries. 2. He's talking to the radio presenter in the studio. 3. Men don’t live the same number of years as women on Sardinia. 4 Sardinian families often eat together. 5. David thinks Sardinia is less stressful than other countries 6 Younger people are eating more unhealthy food and they aren't getting much exercise. Are the sentences true (T) or Grammar present simple and present continuous B Look at the five sentences from the interview in Exercise 6. Which two sentences use the present simple tense? Why? He's currently travelling to places and regions. He's speaking to us right now on the phone. Men live the same amount of time as women. Every Sunday the whole family meets and they eat a huge meal logether. Young people are moving to the city so they are doing less exercise because of their lifestyle. 9 The three other sentences in Exercise 8 use the present continuous tense, How do you form the tense? Match the three sentences to the uses (@-~). to talk about things happening at the moment of speaking b to talk ebout things happening around now but not necessarily at the moment of speaking © totalk about current trends and changing situations ‘am speaking youlwelthey ere speeking hlsheri i speating rm not vavelling Yyoulwalthay aren't travelling helshefit isn't travelling Am | moving? ‘Ave youlnefthey moving? Ishobhelit moving? For furthar information and practica, «se page #4. ‘Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of these verbs, check not/de not/eet go team play read spend 1. We re learning a new language at the moment. 2. My friends and I often time at each other’s houses. 3 One moment! I Imready to go. my emails and then 4 How often_—__you to the gym? 1 a really interesting book at the ‘moment. 6 Currently, friend of mine any sweets and he says he feels healthier. Ymnearly eighty but | any exercise! Which computer game you 2 It looks fun Speaking 41. Work in pairs. Take tums to ask and answer the questions, Use the present simple and present continuous tense in your answers. 1 What's your typical working day? Are you working on anything new at the moment? 2. How do youspend your free time? Are you getting much exercise? 3. Do you ofton read novels? Are you reading anything interesting at the moment? 4. Where do you normally go on holiday? Are you planning your holidays for this year? 5. Do you speak any other languages? Are you Jearning any new languages? acu > OS © MEASURING HAPPINESS.» HLNESSspeaking feeling happy * critical thinking the main argument * reading happy end healthy * word focus feel + speaking measuring heppiness 1c Health and happiness Speaking 1 Which of these things make you feel happy? ‘Order them from 1 to 5 (1 = most happy). Compare with your pariner. Sleeping for along time Having money Relaxing on holiday Going out with friends Doing exercise Critical thinking the main argument 2. Read the article on page 15. Which of the sentences (1-3) is the best summary of the main argument? 1. Happiness improves our health. 2. Denmark is the happiest country in the world. 3. There are different ways to measure happiness. Reading 3 Choose the correct answer (a-c) for the questions, according to the information in the articie 1 How did the King of Bhutan measure the country’s development? a kymoney b by health cc by happiness 2. Which is easier to measure? a happiness b health ¢ sickness and ill health 3. Why was Iceland number one in a survey? a foritsmoney b_ forits health © for its happiness 4. How did researchers measure happiness in 155 countries? a with answers to questions bby looking at people's faces € by measuring the number of sick people 5 What do visitors to Krikortz’s website click on? 2 questions b faces c numbers 6 How many categories does Krikortz have for measuring happiness? a three > five ¢ seven 7 What colour are the lights on the building when Stockholm is happy? a red b green c purple Word focus feel 4 Look at the sentences (1-4) from the article. Match, {feelin each sentence with the uses (ad). 1. It’s also casy to measure how many people feel ill or unhealthy in a country. 2 Denmark feels happier than other countries, 3. Krikortz feels that there are other ways of ‘measuring happiness. 4 The coloured lights are also useful if you fee like visiting the city. to givean opinion to talk about an emotion to talk about physical illness to talk about wanting something or wanting to do something 5. Match the questions (1-3) to the responses (2-0). 1. How do you feel today? 2 What do you feel about Krikortz’s project? 3. Do you feel like going for a coffee after the class? 2. Fine, thanks. How about you? b Yes, 'd like to. ¢ Fmnotsure. It's quite interesting I suppose, 6 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask the questions in. Exercise 5. Answer with your own words. Speaking 7. Work in groups. Discuss the questions, 1. In paragraph 1, the King of Bhutan talks about ‘Gross National Happiness’. How happy do you think your country is? Give reasons for your answer 2. Inparagraph 2, doctor said, ‘Happy people generally don’t get sick.’ How much do you agree with this opinion? 3. Inparagraph 3 and 4, there are different questions and categories for measuring happiness. Which do you think are useful for ‘measuring happiness? Which are not very uusoful? 8 Work in the same group. Make a list of five categories for measuring happiness (e.g- money, sleep). Then everyone in the group gives a score for each of the caiegories (1 = very happy, 2 = happy,3 = OK, 4 = not very happy). How happy is Your group? Present your categories and, result to the class.‘The small ecuntry of Bhutan in the Himalayan mountains ‘= over one thousand years old. in the past it was a poor country and not mary peoplevisited it But novradays, itis becoming more and more popular with tourists. Medicine ‘and health is improving and its economy is growing. King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the king of 8hutan unti! 2006, talked about his country’s ‘Gross National Happiness’. In ‘other words, he thought happiness is the way to moasura the countrys development Ut how do you measure happiness? Perhaps health Is the best way because a famous doctor once seid, “Happy people generally don’t get sick’ It's also easy to measure how many people fea) ill or unhealthy in a country. For example, one survey saysIceland fs the ‘healthiest country iin the world’ because men and women live a long time ‘there, the air is very clean and there are more coctors available per person than anywhere else in the world However, there was another survey of the happiest countries in the world and Iceland wes not near the top. The questions on this survey included: Hon’ much do. you earn? How healthy are you? How safe do you. feel? Aiter visiting 155 different countries, the researchors decided that Denmar« feels happier than other countries. Inspiration (n) /anspo tet a feeling that makes you snething oF gives yeu exciting new dest re So does happiness equal money and good health? Not according to the artist Erik Krikort2, He feels that there are other ways of measuring happiness. Krikortz has a ‘website and visitors click on different happy or sad faces 20 comment on how well they sleep, chair family and friends thelr level of stress, thelr inspiration and thelr physical activity. When you finish, his website adds the results for each ares and it gives you a ‘final result for your happiness, In his home chy of Stockholm, Krikortz ako shows the results of his survey as cifferent coloured lights on the side of 2 large building in the city. For example, red means the people of Stackholm are very happy, green is OK and purple means many people are sac. ’A lot of people look at the building every day and see how "wo" are,’ Krikortz says. The coloured lights are also useful if you feel ike visiting the city. For example, if the lights are red, you know the locals are feeling happy!vocabulary medical problems * pronunciation sound and spelling * real life talking about illness 1d At the doctor’s Vocabulary medical problems 1 Look at the pictures. Match the people (1-8) with the medical problems (a-hy. Ive gota headache. Tve got back ache. T've got a runny nose. Ive got earache. I've got stomach ache. ve got a temperature. ve got a sore throat. I've gota bad cough. pe ean eo 2 Pronunciation sound and spelling @ Many English words have the same vowel sounds ‘ut different spellings, Match the words with the same vowel sounds. 1 head wake 2 sore saw 3 throat off 4 cough note 5 ache here 6 car bed By /1.5 Listen and check your ansivers. Then listen again and repeat, 3. What do you do when you have the medical problems in Exercise 1? Categorise them into the three groups. Then compare with your partner. 1 Igo to bed. 2 [take medicine or pills. 3. [go to the pharmacy or see my doctor. Real life talking about illness 4 16 Listen to two conversations, one at a pharmacy and the other ata doctor's. Write the number of the conversation (1 oF 2) next to the person's medical problems and medical advice they receive Medical Medical advice problem sore throat I_| take this medicine twice a day 1 badcough | gotobed runny nose | drink hot water with honey earache and lemon feel sick ‘take one pill twice a day | temperature | buy 2 box of tissues rink lots of water 5 6 16 Listen again and complete the sentences. ‘Then match them with the correct section in the box. 1 1______assore throat. 2 You take this medicine 3 Its a sore throat. 4 You ___abox of tissues. 5 Ifyou still fee! ill in a few days, see a_ 6 Letmehavea 7 Doyou sick? 8 Letmecheck your. Een nas ‘Asking and talking about illness I don't foal very well. Heel sick i. Have you got a temperature? Hon do you feel? Giving advice “Ty drinking hot water with lemon. You need to take one of these. Drink lots of water. 6 Work in paits. Practise this conversation. Then change roles and repeat the conversation. Student A: You have a medical problem. (Choose ‘one fromm Exercise 1.) Student B: You are a pharmacist. Ask how Student A feels and give advice QUIZ © YOURCURRENT LIFE MEASURING HAPPiNEss > ERTS Y aowee‘waiting online advice + Writing skill conjunctions (and, or, so, because, but) Unit 1 Health 1e Medical advice online Writing online advice 3 Writing skill conjunctions {and, or, so, because, but) J Many people look for medical advice on the internet before they visit their doctor. Do you think this is a good idea? Why? / Why nat? @ Lookat the highlighted conjunctions in the forum in 2 Look at the advice forum on a website. Answer the questions. Exercise 2. Then complete the ‘What medical problem has each person got? rules with those words. Do you think the doctor gives them good advice? 1 Weuse_ ard to connect Can you think of any more advice for each person? two words or parts of a sentence. We use to introduce ‘an idea that is different. q We use to say ‘with the result that.’ » We use to explain the reason. We use to connect an Petra: retuned from a walking holiday in alternative word or idea. the Himalayas a week ago and novr | fe ee ee sick.Do you thinki’ fiom the tip? BRE tho conjunctions in Exercise 3a Dr Joe: tt could be from the holiday ait Vin aieedtiadb more could be something you ate at home. But i detealtg? you should visit your doctor or hospital immediately! ER Jogging is healthy, eating chocolate is nicer! Seth: Hil often have problems sleeping ars oe at night so im tted all the time, Have you fevcabirde. got any advice? Fruit and vegetables are Dr Joe: Sorry to hear this. Do you drink good for you_ they coffee before bed? Ithas caffeine and this Cpe are full of sitar often stops people sleeping, Try drinking Epp ong were ee heibaltea oragiassof vem mik becuse «= Ea oad foeoun oer these drinks don't have any caffeine. EIMOREF % Imagine you want advice from 7 tie forum. Choose a medical Sabine: mwortied about my health like ae pivblem. Then writen mesage doing exercise, ut | spend all day working ean to Doctor Joe and ask for in front of acomputer What can | do? = pues advice. Dr Joe: How do you travel to work? You er] S Bedicge yourmessige with ‘ould go by bicycle. Its good for your tee your partier. Imagine you £329 health ANDit saves you money. Aout ‘re Doctor Joo. Waite a reply Lest news with two or three pieces of ma ‘good advice. Remember to use ii conjunctions. www.askdoctorjoe.cor srt 24 AQUIZ > YOURCURRENTUFE © MEASURING HAPPINESS © wimess — UEKI > ESTESi i é e sBefore you watch 41 Work in groups. Look at the title ofthe video and the photo. Discuss the questions. What do you think ‘slow food’ is? How do you think the people in the photo feel? What do you think the photo caption means? What do you think the video is about? Tick the things you think will be in this video. countryside farmers and people making food fast food restaurants lots of cars ‘modern city relaxed people enjoying food While you watch 3. Watch the video and check your ideas from Exercise 2 4 Watch the video again. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Chianti is a region in Spain. Four thousand people live in Greve. Greve is part of the Siow Cities League. Salvatore Toscano runs an American-style restaurant His restaurant isin Greve. Farmers make pecorino cheese from cows’ milk. Pecorino cheese is not very popular nowadays. Greve wants to escape from the modem world. 5 Watch the video again. Answer these questions. What is Greve famous for? How many cities are in the Slow Cities League? Whatis the purpose ofthe Slow Chis Teague? How many members does the slow food ‘movement have? Why is pecorino cheese popular again? ‘What can you find everywhere in the world? dic out (yk ot disappear ‘mayor (r) mera! the heed of the administretion of a town, vineyard (n) /vinja:da place where grapes grow -workdivide (adv) [ws 1d'van/all over the world Unit 1 Health After you watch 6 Match the people (1-8) with what they say (a-d), the narrator Salvatore Toscano Greve's mayor the cheese maker Our aim is to keep Greve the same, We want t0 keep Greve and all the other slow cities special. It’s about taking more time so you are more calm and relaxed. In the mountains of Pistoia, in northem Tuscany, farmers produce pecorino choese. Noteveryone knows about our product. But now the slow food movernent means people know about us. Roleplay a conversai Toscano h Salvatore Work in pairs. Student A: You are Salvatore Toscano. Read the questions below and make notes about yourselE. Then ask your customer about his life © Why do you like Greve? ‘© What isi like living in Greve? © Doyou enjoy your job? Student B: You are a customer in Salvatore Toscano’s restaurant. You come from a large busy city. Read the questions below and make notes about yourself. Then ask Salvatore about his life in Greve, What's your name? What's your job? Do you like visiting Greve? Why? Do you want to live somewhere like Greve? ‘Act out the conversation. Compare your lives. ‘Then change roles and repeat the conversation, Read what the man says at the end of the video. Answer the questions. From Singapore to Macao, in New York, in Rome, you altoaye find the sare pizza, the same hamburgers. Slow {ood doesn't want this 1 Doyou agree? 2. Do you think slow food is a good idea? 9 Workin pairs. Discuss these questions, 1 Would you like to live in Greve? Why? / Why not? 2 Do you live a quiet life or do you live in the fast lane? In what ways?UNIT 1 REVIEW Grammar 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Where are the man and the elephant? What are they doing? 2. Choose the correct forms to complete the text about the man in Exercise 1 Every day, Nazroo * drives /is driving elephants for a living, but, 2s you can see here, he takes /he’s taking his favourite elephant, Rajan, fora swim. In this photo they swim /they/re swimming in the sea around Andaman Island, Sometimes they «lie / ‘are liking to relax this way after a hard cay. 1 was surprised because Rajan doesnt seem isn seeming worried about being under the water. I guess it feels ‘good after a long, hot day at work 3 Work in pairs. How often do Nazroo and Rajan go swimming? How often do you go swimming? How do you like to relax? TAN ‘alk about regular actions and events using the present simole ‘describe actions in progress (row or around now) Using the present continuous ‘eskand ansner questions with How often «2 Vocabulary 4. Which words can follow the verb in CAPITAL. letters? Delete the incorrect word. 1 FEEL tired, happy, ache, sick 2 DO exercise, housework, relaxing, yoga 3 PLAY — golf,swimming, games, tenni 4 GO marathon, racing, hiking, driving 5. Work in pairs. How do you feel about your new English course? Do you feel worried about anything? (Tell your teacher if you are.) 1eaN ‘ali about leisure activities sey how I feel Real life 6 Choose the correct words to complete the conversation between two friends = "How do / Do you feel? Not very #zvet/ ill. 've got a° pain /sore throat. “Do you feel / Have you got a high temperature? Idon't know. [eel a bit hot : * Try / You need drinking some honey and lemon in hot water. Good idea. = But* you should /its a good ides also see your doctor. PRPreer Pe 7 Work in pairs, Practise two similar conversations. Conversation 1: Student 4 has gota headache. Student B gives advice Conversation 2: ‘Student B has got stomach ache. Student A gives advice, TON talk about feeling il sive advice Speaking 8 Complete these questions to ask someone about their everyday habits and interests 1 Do you often play ..2 2 How often do you go . 3. Do youever ...? 4 What are you -ing 5 Why do you...? 9 Workin pairs. Ask and answer your questions from Exercise 8.ions. wves Unit 2 Competitions esta se eae FEATURES 22 26 30 ‘Competitive sports What it takes tobe a eal Crazy competitions! When people from all over the USA make new rules Bolivian wrestlers ‘Women competing in a national sport Cheese rolling A video about a crazy and dangerous competition in England 1. Look at the photo. What kind of competition is it? Do you like this kind of sport? 2 17 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Answer the questions. 1 Whataare the three different types of sport in an Ironman competition? 2. Where is the annual championship? 3. Why do thousands of spectators watch the championship? 3 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 Are you normally a competitor or a spectator? Which do you prefer? 2. Are you competitive? What kinds of competition do you compete in? Exess When you learn a new word, try to learn its other forms. For exampie: compete (verb) competitive adjective) - competition (noun) ~ competitor (nouniperson) or further Information and practice, sae Workbook page 111. AWOTIONS — COMPETITION RULES — sPoaTS WTER:STS ‘AN ADvERT 2reeding and speaking popular sports * grammar verb + -ing forms * pronunciation /p/ vocabulary and listening talking about sports * grammar like + ing /‘d like to * speaking guess the ambition Reading and speaking 1 Road the quotes by famous sports people (1-6). ‘Then dliscuss the questions. 1 How are the six quotes similar? 2. Areall these sports popular in your country? What other sports are popular? Ue ar Tia COO SEC ee acter Rest Se) ec eemer ice atts ren ma cancat) three times Formula One World Champion nara Pee Re Tha) eee! Se eet ae earn: Sachin Tendulkar, often called ieee ee feign fOr ent viata 2a Competitive sports 4 Pronunciation // b Read the conversation in Exercise 3 aloud. Grammar verb + -ing forms 2 Underline the verb + ing forms inthe quotes in Exercise 1, Which of the underlined forms are: 1. the subject of the sentence? 2 after verbs (e.g, like, dislike) as an object? 3. after a preposition? + Subject ofthe sentence: Swimming is good for you. + After verbs (often ike, love, enjoy, prefer don't like, nate, can’t stand) at an cbjoct: | ke playing tennis. + After a preposition: I'm good at learning languages. For further information end practice, see page 85. 3 Lookat the grammar box. Then correct the conversation between two friends. Change ei verbs into the -ing form. A: The Tour de France ison TV tonight! Love vwateh it. walching B: Ohno! Cycle isso boring. : Treally enjoy see the cyclists on the mountains. A: Br But it lasts for days! I hate wait for the end. A: Today is the final day. It's exciting. B Sit in front ofthe TV is not exciting. I prefer do something. Hey! Are you good at play tennis? We could play this afternoon. Az But want to watch this, B. see. Are you afraid of lose against me orsomething? @ 1.8 Listen to the words and underline the part of the word with the /n/ sound. What is the most common spelling with the /n/ sound? Listen again and repeat. 1 watching. 6 losing 2 language 7 winning 3 waiting 8 English 4 thinks 9 competing 5 cycling 10 thanks Pay attention to the /g/ sound in the verb + ing forms.Unit 2 Competitions ‘Work in pairs. Ask questions to complete the sentences for both of you with the names of any sports or leisure activities. = Llove watching __but my partner doesn’t. 2 My partner likes but I prefer 5 [think is boring but my partner loves it 4 Weboth enjoy but we can’t stand 5 Imgoodat but my partner isn’t. bulary and listening ‘ing about sports ‘Wiite about the six sports in Exercise 1. Use these swords to say where you play each sport and what ‘you need. Then think of two other sports you like ‘Sod deseribe them in a similar way. Tetere you play ‘what you need cout couse pitch |ball bat car chub pool ring track | gloves goggles net racquet Sample: x play golfon a golf course, You nee! « golf club feta al. F Work in pairs. Take turns to desecibe a sport for ‘pour partner to guess. © 12 Listen to three people talking about sport. Mike notes in the table. Which sport are they talking about? Do thay like or dislike doing the sport? ‘Why do they do the sport? Grammar like + -ing / ‘d like to 9 (1.10 Listen to Kirsty again and complete the sentences (a-b). Then answer the questions (1-2). al tennis so much that currently Vm working with a tennis coach. One day I to become a professional player. ‘Which sentence describes a future ambition? Which sentence is true now and talks about a general feeling? would (like + to + infinitive She'd hike to play tennis ater. He'd love to become a boxer one day. They would’ keto judge the competition. For further information and practice, see page 85, Make sentences about each pair of pictures using these words. Use like + ing and ‘id lite to. 1 3. not like / lose Speaking 111. Write down three ambitions for the future, one true and two false. Take tums to read them to your partner. Can he/she guess which of your Ambitions are false? A > MOMMA © courrnonnuuss > spomrs > wvrenesrs > AN ADVERTrening cay corps « ranma modal vei for rules tangles of he competion « | vocabulary competitions + speaking rules for a competition 2b Crazy competitions! Reading 3 Read the article again. Match the sentences (1-8) with the competitions (A-C). 1 Look at the photos of competitions (A-C) in the article, Which do you tink is aight a 5 Coston i fa eee pts toate nat AIO ATA 3. Is for individual competitors. 2. Read about the competitions. Check your 4 The competition is once a year, . predictions in Exercise 1. 5 Yow useatype of transpor.__, 6 Therrules are the same ss another eal spor 7 Wsfor teams 8 Theresa time limit Which of these sports would you like to play or watch? Do you have any similar competitions in you country? Crazy Ross McDermott and Andrew Owen travel round the United States going to different festivals and write about their experiences ‘on the blog The American Festivals Project. Many of these festivals are also competitions The Idiotarod The Idiotarod 's an annual race in New York City. Each team must have five people and a shopping aart, They can decorate their carts but ‘thoy can’t change the wheels. All the teams have to start and finish at the same place but they don't have to run on the seme roads, The teams can choose their route but the members of each teem: ‘must arrive atthe finish line together. And they mustn‘t finish without the carth Mud Bow! Championship Mus Bow! football is similar to normal ‘American football. The match is shorter but there are two teams anc a referee. The winner is the team with the most goals at the end of sity minutes. The only seal cifference is thet the players have to play in half a metre of mud! Combine Harvester Fight Combine harvesters are normally on farms but, for one day every summer, in the small town Of Hillsdale in Michigan, farmers compete against ‘each other for a prize of $1,500. For three hours, the glant machines have to fight until only one combine harvester is still moving.Eookat the sentence from the article about the ‘SSetarod. What does the highlighted modal verb ean? Choose the correct answer (1-4). Sk team mast have five people and a Sepping cart Bisnecessary and an obligation. Ibis allowed according to the rules. I is not necessary (but allowed). B isnot allowed. Sec five more modal verbs in the article about ‘$e Idiotarod. Match them to the meanings (1-4) SExercise 5 > MODAL VERBS FOR RULES "Necessary and an obligation: must, have to Allonec: can “= Net necessary (but allowed): don’t have to ‘=: alloned: mustn't can't further information and practice, see page 85 ‘CHoose the correct options to complete the ‘sentences about different sports. © You have to / don't have to play cricket with abat and a ball. Competitors don't have to / mustn't argue with the judge's decision, Rugby players car: /can’t throw the ball forwards. It must always go backwards. Competitors can’t/ must run 42 kilometres is 2marathon, A referee cam / mustn't send a player off the pitch. in the penalty area secide the white lines. The players mustn't /don’t have to win every point to win a match, tening 951.11 Listen toa description of another race: T= Woolly Worm Race. What does the speaker “Gesribe? Choose the correct answer (1-3). © shy people like racing woolly worms = the rules of the competition > the history of the competition 951.11 Listen again. Answer the questions How often is the competition? How old do you have to be to enter? Do you have to bring your own woolly worm? Can you touch your worm during the race? What is the prize for the winner? Wh mmar modal verbs for rules The goalkeeper in football nas fo / doesn't have fo A tennis player hus fo / doesn't have to hit the ball Unit 2 Competitions Vocabulary competitions 410 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct | ee | 1 (vin / beat) My woolly worm Did you the race? 2 (score / win) How many matches did you? How many goals did you? ; 3 (ans / spectators) We've your biggest match There were about 50,000 A referee / judge) The sent the player off One gave the ice skater 10/20. 5 (tophy / prize) The President gave the winning team the silver, | The for the winner is $500. : soumi : ! We come to every | at the match. | i Speaking 11 Workin groups. Imagine that you want to have anew annual competition for your town. Follow these stepe. 1 Decide on a crazy competition. | 2. Discuss the rules and write a list. Also discuss any other details. Present your new competition to the class and explain the rules, ANEmONS > SOSTTENTIS ‘PORTS reeests AYES ‘AN ADVERT FS9 reading between the lines « wong : : VOrd FOCUS tke 5 spinions about sport 2c Bolivian wrestlers Reading 1 Look at the photos on pages 26 and 27, the lines you read, do you think the 4 An ent alvays tall statements (1-3) wil be true () or false ( ae ‘ everythin the article and check your predieti people Rom te a a en ga th the sera ' pular in Bot ; ne Wrestling is popu sane : a the days when 2 Read the article again, Which paragraph b ee jer ifeis very hard for peepie wo wrestlers before the fight? 2 the popularity of male and feral Word focus like verestling in Botivis anda eefurehe wrestler ener? 5. Look a the senencas ticle. Match 4 Yolanda’ family fer Sentence (1-4) withthe uses (acd enn natch a 1 he ko ecome Wrest om ; 2 Nolenda and Ciaudina wal though test : Wi pop stars, 3 Find words in the fst theve paragraph of ® Esperanza esplains hy she an wading le to match these definitions resting 4 She also has two daughters who both loki hrce words meaning a large group of : ple at a performance or sient enjoys in genera per b_ wants to do in the Future | 2 raning tospeak loudly and similar behaviout to } faa : similar appearance to > clap your hands togethers * penwtespenonnt mcs: Speaking «sy from someone or someting: 6 Discuss te queatone . 1 Do you like watching sports with women inj ® three verbs to describe fast movernente country? Would you titers mich teed ee + wrestling inthe article rife nas. gina ss pan ibaa country? Do any of them look ike or behave 8 the good person (usually ina story, fm or film Do you think most people like watching mf they want to ‘forget their problems’ fora Ate there any other reasons?- Competitions é poe —— Pee NEL , mealies Alto in Bolivia, an audience is sitting around up behind h dina pushes Yolanda onto @ huge wrestling ring, The spectators are the ropes. The cron ts at her. Claudina is the ting impatient and so they start to scream; _baddie in this competition so when Yolanda — the “Bring them an! Bring them on!" Suddenly, an je gets up and throws Claudina out of the ‘announcer speaks into the microphone: ‘Ladies and ring, the crowd with happiness. One minut Gentlemen. its time for Yolanda and Claudinal" The snda is winning. The next minute, Claudina is itement winning men enter. Yolanda and Claudina walk ‘Wrestling in Bolivia is incredibly popular and after: through the crowd like pop stars. They smile and greet a hard day's work many people love watching this their fans until suddenly thi 2, drama and entertainment. Usually, jump into the wrestling ring and within s re between men wearing Claudina hits Yolanda, Yolanda masks end special costumes. But in El Alto you can also see women wrestling where it's especially popular. Yolanda is one of the top women wrestlers. Her father was also a wrestler so it’s @ As Claudina lies on the floor, Yolanda is smiling and family tradition. During the day she makes clothes. waving to the crowd. She doesn't see Claudina get _She also has two daughters who bath look like her. Would they like to become wrestlers one day? Yolanda doesn't think so. 'My daughters ask me why 1 do this, t's dangerous and they complain thet esting doesn’t bring any money into the house.” But Yolanda loves wrestling because of her fans, and she has lots of them! ‘One fan called Esperanza Cancina pays $1.50 (a large part of her salary) to sit near the ring. She explains why she likes watching the wrestling: It's a distraction. The women wrestlers fight here and we laugh and forget our problems for three or four hours. At home, we're sad.’ ERIE > wemons > courenmownues > EBITD + wrenests GIA » AN apvenrspeaking clubs and membership + real life talking about interests * pronunciation silent letters 2d Joining a club Speaking 1. Who is a member of a club or local group in your class? Ask them these questions, Does the club have regular meetings? How often? Do you pay a membership fee? How much i it? What are the benefits of being a member? Does it ever have competitions? 2 Look at the adverts (A-C). Which of the questions in Exercise 1 do they each answer? Our running group meets at 7 p.m. every Wednesday. ‘There are two groups: * Beginners group for anyone) * experienced (you must be able to run twenty or more klornetes) It noncompetitive ard a fun way to get fit Call ike Burgess on 0776 58945. CET TALE Mall aes ede The Barton Photography Cub welcomes new members. We are a busy club with roguar speakers at our club meetings. ‘cin before 1st Mach and you (an also enter our summer photog aphy competition. ‘Three prizes induding a brand news camera. The entry fee {is 15 euros (including lub ‘membership fora year). Visit wovsebartonphoteclub.com to ddownioad an entry form and for membership deals. 7 je Ce RA ALLE eet Cee eel} peur tay rere Peart) ree ky starting 2nd april Erect ee et ntact Mandy Giles on mandy?6andmail,com Real life talking about interests 3 1.12 Two people are looking at the aclvors in their ical newspaper. Listen to their conversation and number the adverts inthe order they discuss them 4 1.12 Listen again and complete the sentences from the conversation. 1 You're really doing that. 2 Well, joining something else? 3 Are you acting? 4 1" standing up in front of people. 3 I'm good at singing 6 Go Tthink you'd it 7 Uthink 'd join this on ‘Wednesday evenings. 8k fun, you come too? 5 Match the sentences in Exercise 4 with the three categories in the box. Cera Asking about interests Do you ike teking photographs? Talking about interests (and lkes/disb kes) Idke/orefer to join a running cub I'm goos at acting. nsculdi't like to doit rm (not) interested in photography. Recommending and encouraging It looks interesting, Ithink you'd enjoy t You should de it with me. 6 Pronunciation silent letters 1.13 Some letters are not pronounced in English words. Listen to these words from the conversation in Exorcise 3 and cross ‘out the silent letters. Then listen again and. repeat. 1 inbérested 4 evenings 2 should 5 something 3. friends 6 what 7 Work in pairs. Imagine you are interested in joining a club. Talk about each advert in Exercise 2 and each other's interests. Then, choose one of the clubs to both join. (REZLENA » amomions + compermonnuuss » sronts > EORISEM DENS © Aw overt‘an advert and notice * writing skill chacking your writing Unit 2 Competitions riting an advert or notice d the advice about how to write effective sts and notices. Then look back at the three acverts on page 28. Answer the questions. Which advert follows most of the advice? 2 How could you improve the other adverts? Ua Maia ae Ac} AND NOTICES = Start with a good headline. You could ask a question or solve a problem. + Theadvert should explain the benefits * If possible, offer something for free or a prize. + Include any other important information (dates, times, location, etc.) * Photos, pictures or images alwar lp. Work in pairs. You are going to plan a new dub, Dsxcuss the questions. 1 What type of club isit (e.g. a chess club, a tennis club, a walking group)? Who is the club for? Ave there any rules for members? Is there a membership feo? How much is it? How often will it meet? lan and write an advert for your new club. SMe eae 4 a e 2e Advertising for members Writing skill checking your writing It’s always important to check your writing for mistakes, especially when a lot of people will read it eg. in an advert). Read the sentences (1-8) from different adverts and find the mistake in each. Match the sentences with the types of mistake (eh). Then correct the mistakes. Would you lke to learn a musical instru ents? ¢ 3 Are yeu geed at play tennis? 4 We meet at Tuesdays and Thursdays. 5 It’s fun way to get fit. 6 7 ga 8 Call peter on 077 237 5980. a spelling © grammar b. missing word F word order © punctuation capital letter preposition A wrong word Read your advert in Exercise 3 again. Are there any mistakes? Correct them, Display your adverts around the classroom. Walk: around and read about each other's new clubs. ‘Consider these questions. © Which clubs would you like to join? © Which adverts are effective? Why? Ata2f Cheese rollingore you watch fork in groups. Look at the photo and discuss She questions. Use the words in the glossary to Belp you. . What are the people doing? Why do you think they are doing this? Do you think they enjoy doing this? ‘Complete the summary with words from the ‘Most towns have their own 't__ However, ev: town in England has a very unusual one: the al cheese-rolling *r At the start, the wait at thet ‘of Cooper's Fill. Then someone pushos a wheel of cheese down the*s slope. The competitors run ‘fer the cheese. The winner is the first person who esto the *b_ of the hill. The ‘p. wheel of cheese. The race can be dangerous, ‘ox the competitors and the 's ‘One year wheel of cheese went into the crowd and thirty ple were "i. ‘Nowadays there are c to protect the crowd. ile you watch Watch the video and check your answers from Beorcise 2. Watch the video again. Put these people and ‘=vents in the order you sec them. = Doctors helping an injured person, © People clapping to encourage the competitors. Someone carrying a British flag. Japanese man with blond hair talking. aig Brown holding up the cheese. © The view from the top of Cooper's Hill. Watch the video again. Are these sentences true (T) wx false (FY? The race is more than 200 years old. The cheese travels at more than forty miles an as Competitors have to catch the cheese before it iches the bottom of the hill Craig Brown works in a pub. There is no protection for spectators. The race is dangerous for competitors when the weather is col. ‘You can only compete once a day. Unit2 Competitions After you watch 6 Roleplay an interview with Craig Brown Work in pairs, Student A: You are a journalist for National Geographic. Use the ideas bolow to prepare guestions to ask Craig Brown, Student B: You are Craig Brown. Look at the ideas below. Think about what you are going to say to the journalist age interests why you take part in the race how many times you have taken part if you have ever been injured Act out the interview. Then change roles and repeat the interview. 7 Atthe ond of the video, the narrator says: l's more than just cheese that makes people want to win.’ What does she mean? 8 Workin pairs. Discuss these questions 1. What kind of people do you think take part in the race? 2 Would you like to take part inthe race? Why? / Why not 3. Would you go to watch the race? Why? / Why not? 4 Doyou have any unusual traditional races in your country? What are they and why are they popular ‘accent (r)/absidoat/2n event where a person is hurt Unintentionally ‘balance (n)rbzlans/ a position in which your body stays in an Upright position ‘bottom (r) /brtony the lowest partof a thing or place competitor (r)/kom'petite/ parson who takes part ina sporting event crash barrier (p) se bao! an obstacle that stors people being hurt crazy (2c) kretey mad crowd (n) Areca lerye group of people {all () fel be unsuccessful ‘ground (0) araind what is under your feet when you are urs injured (ad) /indjow hurt protect (v) pxotek:/ keep someone or something safe Prize (n) paz! something given to a person who is successful in acompatition ace (n) /rets/an event to zee who can ge the fastest slope (n /slavo the sie oF a mountain or hil spectator () spek'teita a person who watches a sporting event steep (ad) sip/ going up or down ata sharp angle. ‘0p (n) top, the highost part ofa thing or place. ‘traditions (np) tra'dkonz/ things that people have dane for a long time wheel (of cheese) (n)/widl a round abjectUNIT 2 REVIEW Grammar 41 Put the words in order ta make sentences and questions, 1 than / losing / winning / is / fun / more 2. I'm / new / good / learning / at / games 3 learning / languages? / you / do / like 4 like / a musical instrument? / learn / would / to/ you 5 you / like / who / look / do / in your family? 2. Complete the description of « competition with these verbs have to mustn't can don'thavato There's a competition in Alaska where you arrive without facial hair! That's because its the world’s moustache and beard competition. The judges * choose the winners from the beards and moustaches of over 300 contestants from all over the world. But you? have the longest moustache or biggest beard because there are many different categories, For example, you* win the prize for ‘Best English moustache’ and ‘Best natural moustache’ 3 Work in pairs, Which sport on TV do you like watching most? Explain the rules to your partaer: describe te res ofa cempettion orspor ining ‘modal verbs = Vocabulary 4 Choose the correct options. Real life 6 Speaking 1 My favourite football team scored / beat another goal! 2 Inice-skating, the judges /spectators gives points to the competitors. 3. My grandmother wan a irophy /prize of a thousand dollars in e competition, 4 My team always loses. We never win /beat any matches. 5. Hit the tennis ball with your raoyuct /nett 6 During the fight, the two boxers must not les the court /ring. 7 Wear these gloves /gogsles over your eyes w you ski 8 The irack /piich is 100 metres long. The fastest sunners can complete it in less than ten seconds, Work in pairs. Which sports person would you like to meet one day? Why do you admire this Complete the conversation. Write one word in each gap. A: Are you interested ? painting? There's new evening course at my college. B: 'mafraid Pm not very good? art. A; I'm not either but I'd like? earn, Got You should do it with me, B: Sorry, you like taking photos? There's also a course for that. B: Actually, it looks interesting, Complete these sentences with your own inte Tim good at ... I wouldn't like to . I'm also interested in I think I'd enjoy learning Work in pairs. Take furs to fell each other about {your interests in Exercise 7. Then recommend on ‘of your interests to your partner and encourage them to do it in the FutureTransport | Beran Ca FEATURES 4. Look at the photo. Where is the woman? Why do you think she is travelling, like this? 34 Transport in the future Is electricity the fuel of the future? 2 1.14 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn’t the woman inside the train? use for the activities (1-10)? Explain your reasons why. | 3. Work in pairs. Which of these modes of transport would you Be: ‘Animal transport bybigyele bybus inmycar onaferry on foot Where animals are still bylorty onamotorbike onaplane ona ship better for transporting | inataxi by train 38 The last days of the visit relatives 1 rickshaw 2 move house and furniture iow mech longer can 2 get tothe apart How amach lnger cn the Ge cen na teideri ° 5 cross a river a2) aii vaikicays 6 get o te railway station 7. gout in the evening toa parry or restaurant A video about one of the 2 iadtailio Diced work’ lenges transport tates networks 10 go shopping 4 Whats your favourite way to travel? Why? Tol your partner, EXE TasromMTIeGrY _ATMUBESTOANINAG —ALGUVENNSTORANDAGANST| —GONGONALOURNEY 33 TTS _ Noves ano messacesreading daily travel and commuting * vocabulary transport (1): nouns + listening electric cars * ‘grammer comparatives and superlatives * pronunciation than speaking and writing transport in the city 3a Transport in the future Reading Vocabulary transport (1): nouns 1 Doyou travel and use transport every Find the words in the texts in Exercise 2 for these day? How do you commute to work? dofinitions Seer many meterblame ayn 4 ghee with engine for ransperting ee, eg.carorbus v 2 Read the texts in the diagram below 2 people who travel to work every day ¢ about transport in the future. What kind 3. period ina day when lots of people travel to and from of transport does it describe? How is it work h idler om teareport indy? 4 long line of vehicles on the toed t__j 5. construction or maintenance on part ofa road 3 Read the texts again. Answer the r w questions. 6 place to fill your car with petrol p_s cae 7 the maximum speed you can legally drive <1 1 commutes to work every moming’ i SRE anor RUNES 2 knows in advance when there is problem on the road? 3. don’t use electric cars? 4 can’t drivea long distance without b> WORDBUILOING compound nouns You can join two nouns to make a new noun: recharging? rush + hour=1ush hour, trafic + jam = traffic jam, 5. always needs to plug in the car before Seen Ss eee oe, bedtime? For further information and practice, see Workbook page 119. 6 hasa car which stops you from driving too quickly? 5 Do you think the predictions in the texts are true? Are any of 7 doesn’t need to commute to his work the predictions true now? Would you prefer an electric car 8 works inan office? toa petrol one? Why? / Why not? TRANSPORT IN THE FUTURE ‘Meet the Watts. They are a three-car family in the near future which uses electric vehicles. Bob is similar to most commuters. He charges his carat home overnight so its ready for the momming rush Rout. fhe needs more electric, theresa ‘charging statio’ inthe office car park Sonia's cor travels about 30 kilometres ‘ona full battery soits good for short trips such as going tothe shops or visting ‘tends nearby. The car also hasits own computer which tellsherif there are traffic Jams or road works on the road ahead. Justin works from home but enjoys ‘gping ona long journey in his sports car at the weekend. Instead of going toa petro station for petrol, he can change his battery on the motorway or plug into high-voltage charget. Another dovco in the cars engine tops him from going ‘over the speed init ‘Their neighbours still use acar witha petrol engine but ‘most cars have electric engines. he roads re quieter ‘and there less pollution 30 life is alsa better for pedestrlansand cyclists!Unit 3 Transport © 1.15 Liston to two people discussing Listening electric cars. What reasons do they give for and against this kind of transport? 491.18 Liston again. Choose the correct options 1. Bleetric cars are much cleaner /louder than petrol cars. Electric ears have the more effciewt / mast ficient type of engine. 3. Hlectric cars are much cheaper /ruore expensive than petrol cars. 4 Hight o‘clock in the moming is the best / ‘worst time of the day for commuting The town needs better / aster public transport Grammar comparatives and superlatives Lookat the comparative and superlative adjectives in Exercise 7. Answer the questions. 1 What letters do you add to regular short adjectives to form comparative and superlative adjectives? How do you form ‘the comparative and superlative forms with longer adjectives? 2. Which are examples of inregular comparative and superlative adjectives? 3. Which word usually comes after a comparative adjective? Which word usually comes before a superlative adjective? 4 What word adds emphasis toa comparative adjective? ene ees regular adjecvee | dean cleaner cleanest bg bigger bigest apy appl happiest | epersive more espensive mestexpersve | rogue adjectives good better best ted none wont formation and practice, see page 86. 9 Pronunciation than 91.16 Listen to the pronunciation of thar in sentences 1 and 3 in Exercise 7. Notice how we say /0an/ not oun . Practise saying the two sentences. 10 A local town council asked residents for their views on transport. Look at the grammar box in Exercise 8, ‘Then complete this extract from the report with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives. Gages Your views on transport For commuting and daytime travel, the ' (popular form of public transport isthe bus.? (large) number of people inthe survey use buses every day to get to work or school, However, taking the bus isnt >__(fast form of transport. Everyone said that parking in the town centre is still the * (big) problem so they dont often drive their ca. The situation is much? (good) in the evenings than during the day. Asa result, taxis are® (popular tan private cars However, texisare the” __ (expensive) form of transport so many people want buses to run* (late) in the evenings. Speaking and writing 41. Look at the questionnaire for the survey in Exercise 10 Use these questions to interview other students about transport where they live. Makea note of their answers. Crue nauacs Resident views on transport + How do you usually commute to and from work college? Why? + How often do you use public transport? + What types of public transport do you use? + How do you rate car parking in the town? Excellent__ Good _ Poor _ + How often do you take taxis? Do you have any suggestions to improve travel and transport in the town? 42. Work in pairs. Compare your notes and answers from the questionnaire. Then write a short report, similar to the one in Exercise 10. > UR EUGES © wores au messacts "© AITITUDES TO ANIMALS.» ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST.» GOING ON A JOURNEY36 listening using animals for transporting * grammar as ‘speaking attitudes to animals 45 * pronunciation sentence stress * reading dog sledging Listening 1 Look at the photos. Whatis each animal transporting? Do people use animals for transporting in your country? 2 61.17 Listen to an extract from two documentacies. What kind of modem transport does the speaker compare each animal to? 3 6/117 Listen again. Answer the questions. Documentary 1 1 What special event is happening? 2. What jobs did the Asian elephant do in the past? 3. What kind of people do they transport nowadays? Documentary 2 4 Lester Courtney is a ‘logger’. What do loggers do? 5. Why does Lester profer to use horses? Grammar as ... aS 4. Lookat the sentence from the documentary. Answer the questions (1-2) Elephants are nssewoyyas cars but they arenttasifast— and most people also think elephants aenbasiconaportablers cars. 1 Are elephants and cars the same weight? 2 Do they travel at the same speed? Use as adjective + ar to compare something and say they | ore the seme or eq Use nat as + adjective « as to compare two things and say they are different or not equal. Fer further information and practice, see page 87. 3b Animal transport Look at the grammar box. Then complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence, 1 Most people think cars are more comfortable than elephants. Most people think elephants aren’t as 2. Elephants have the same importance now es they did in the past. Elephants are as ever Lester believes horses are better than. ‘modern machines. Lester doesn’t believe modern machines are as horses. 4. Lorries and trucks are stronger than horses, Horses as as lorries and trucks. 5. Trucks are noisier than horses, Horses as trucks. Pronunciation sentence stress 6 1.18 Listen to these sontences. Notice the stressed words in each sentence. Then listen again and repeat. Lorsies are heavier than horses. Elephants are as heavy as trucks. ‘They aren't as fast as cars. Horses are the fastest.7 Work in pairs. Make sentences using the dicctive to compare these animals. Use comparative and superlative adjectives and 1) a5 + adjective + as. strong: lion, mouse, horse fast snail, cheetah, elephant comfortable: car, camel, plane heavy: hippopotamus, blue whele, elephant 5 dangerous: shark, alligator, snake Read out yoursentences from Exercise 7, stressing the most important words. Reading S Complete the article on the right with these words as best fast then the longest more much FO Read the article again. Then discuss the questions. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of the huskies in Alaska? 2 Why do you think some people say the Iditarod is cruel for the dogs? 3. What sports do you have in your country with animels? Do people think they are NOTES ao messaces GATES | TRANSeOnTINTHE CTY > ESRUDERIOANINTTER + ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGANST > GOING ON A JOURNEYreading traditional transport * vocabulary transport (2): verbs + caitical thinking reading between the lines © spaaking arguments for and against 3c Last days of the rickshaw Reading 1 Look at the photo of the rickshaw in the article on page 38. Why do you think people choose this kind of transport? Are there any advantages with a rickshaw compared with other types of transport? 2 Read the first paragraph of the article. Which of these words and expressions deseribe Kolkata? busy _highly-populated safe for pedestrians noisy polluted quiet 3. Read the second and third paragraph of the article Which of these arguments in favour of rickshaws does the article mention? Rickshaws are useful because .. they are better in traffic jams. they can travel down small streets, they don’t produce pollution. they are good for shopping. they are cheaper than other public transport. they always travel during the monsoons. 4. Read the last paragraph. Why don’t local officials and politicians ban rickshaws? Choose the correct reason (1-3). 1 There isn’t much other employment for the drivers. 2. The tourists want them. 3. The drivers don’t want to go back to the countryside. Vocabulary transport (2): verbs 5 Find these verbs in the article Underline them and the noun which follows. catch take pickup miss drop off get on/off goby Example: catch a train 6 Replace the verbs in bold in the sentences with a verb of similar meaning from Exercise 5. 1 Do you want me to collect the children from school? pick up 2. We need to leave the train at the next station. 3 [was late and [nearly dicin’t get my flight. 4 You'd better leave now. You don’t want to not catch your flight. 5. [should travel by a taxi It's much quicker 6 Ask the driver to leave the children outsice their school. Critical thinking reading between the lines 7 Using tho information in the article, which Of these statements do you think people in Kolkata often say about the rickshavrs in their city? 1 ‘Rickshaw drivers always blow their hors so loudly’ “They represent our city!” “They should not be on the roads!” 4 They are very useful for day-to-day lite.’ 5 ‘You can never find a rickshaw when you need one 6 ‘Rickshaws are cruel,” x 3 Speaking 8 Work in groups. Make a list of the reasons for and against keeping rickshaws in Kolkata. Use the information in the article and add your own ideas, Example: Rickshaws don't have engines so they are quiet ‘and don't pollute the air. 9 You are going to havea debate to decide if Kolkata should ban rickshaws. Each person in the group has a role. Choose one of the roles below and think about if your person ‘wants to ban rickshaws or to keep them in Kolkata. Choose arguments for or against from your list in Exercise § and plan your arguments for the debate. When you are all ready, discuss the topic and try to find a solution. ‘* arickshaw driver in Kolkata a local politician who wants to modemise Kolkata + 2 foreign tourist visiting the city ‘+ a local person who uses rickshaws for shopping and sending the children to school a taxi driver in the cityfor olkata (previously known as Calcutta) is the famous capital West Bengal in India ad the home of nearly million people. The traffic ams and engine fumes gin early in the morning with long lines of private s, public buses, taxis, three-wheeled scooters and pedicabs, There aren't many iternatives. You can catch etrain through the city or toke the underground but sooner or later you have to go on foot and walking in Kolkata is a dangerous activity. As the drivers race towards pedestrians, they low their horns. The sound never stops from morning ight, EXXZSONE > TRaNsporr in THE cry EMI © notes anv messaces Dee cere Cee Ee nes eed erie) the narrow streets of busy town centres So when | crassed a small road on my first day in the city | was surprised because I hieatd a bell~ not a horn. It was a tiny man pulling a rickshaw. He stopped ard picced up two children from: the fron: Goor of thelr house and theo, wit strength, pulled them to school. For many people, the rckshew is a symbol of Kokketa and they have many advantages. ihen the traffic is bad rickshaws find 23 way through the traffic. IFycu miss your bus and there aren't ay lexis, You ‘can always find a rckshew in Kolkata, Rickshaw are alco very popular with local shoppers. The driver takes you from your nouse to the market and waits for you Then he loarks all your purcheses, drous you off outside your home end helps you unioad. No other type of public transport offers this kind of service. ‘You ako see lots more people getting on and off rickshaws durina the mensoon season. That’ the peried from June to September when Kokata gets heavy, rainfall. Sometimes it ins for 48 houis without a break. in the oder paits of the City the roads flood, The water can rs@ as high as oeople’s waists in the worst part. When it’s this Dad, anything with an engine Is usbess. But the rickshaw tdrive’s never stop working, even wilh water al around them. But not everyone thinks rickshaws are 2 goad thing. Some local afficls. and politicians want to ban rickshaws on ‘humanitarian grounds’ They believe its ‘wrong for one man to pull another person when there is modern transport in the city. However there « a problem with this plan. Mary of the rickshaw drivers come from the countryside with no iob and no qualifications, The only ob they éan find in Kolkats s pulling @ rickshaw. If the city bans rickshaws, these men won't have @ ob or incor So for the moment, the people of Kolkata stil 36 by sickshaw. fumes (n)iuimz/ smoke and gazes from an engine scooter (0) "skustary a small motorb ke ppedicab (n)pedoiceb’ a type of taxi with no engine. The driver cycles. ‘monsoon () ina sutt/ period from June to September with ots of rain flood () lad! when water covars an area (.g. a floo, road, city) ban (v)uan/ to stop oF make illegal Armunes To autmais » QATSUNTE GOING OW A JOURNEYvocabulary and listening taking transport « real life going on a journey * pronunciation intonation Vocabulary and listening | taking transport | 1 Look these pairs of words. Match thom with the correct definition (a orb). 1 stop / rank a where you can geta taxi b where you can get a bus 2 fare / price a the money you pay fora joumey by bus, train or taxi the amount of money something costs 3. change / receipt a the money you receive when you pay more than the price because you don’t have the correct amount the piece of paper you receive to show you paid for something 4 gate / platform | 8 where you get on a train b_ where you get on a plane 5 book / check in a when you buy a ticket in advance b_ when you arrive at the airport and leave your bags 2 61.19. Shelley and Javier are going to the airport and they take different transport. Listen to their conversations ‘and answer the questions. 1. Atthe taxi rank: Where does Javier want to go? 2 In the taxi: How much is the fare? Does Javier want a receipt? 3. Atthe bus stop: Where does Shelley ‘want to go? What type of ticket does | she buy? 4 Atthe train station: How much is the ticket? Which platform does the train leave from? 5. Atthe airport: Where did Shelley book her plane ticket? Does she ‘check in any bags? Go) REESE © tRANspoariv tHe cy 3d Getting around town ATTITUDES TO ANIMALS TSI ores ano messases Real life going on a journey 3 491.19 Look atthe expressions for going on a journey. Then’ listen to the conversations again. Tick the sentences you heat, Bernas nated ‘At tho train station Falke to goto the Areturn ticket tothe aitport, station, please please First or second dass? Can pay by credit card? Which platform is it? ‘You cen drop me off here. How much is thar? Do you have change? De you want a receipt? tthe airport on abus ‘Can see your passport? De youstop atthe airport? How many bags are you ‘A single or return ticket? checking in? Please stop at the nest one. only have this carry on, Window or aisle? Can have a seat next to m9) ‘rlond? ‘That's two pounds. 4 Pronunciation intonation 1.20 People often ask questions with incomplete sentences, eg. Single or reluzn? instead of Do you want a single or returt ticke!? Listen to these questions. Mark the intonation 7 or 3 down on the words. Then listen again and repeat. 7 = 1 Single or return? 4 Bus or train? 2. Window or aisle? 5. North or south? 3. Credit card orcash? 6 First or second? 5 Work in pairs. Saadent A is going tothe airport. In each situation, Student B is the driver or the person at the ticket office or check-in desk, Practise the conversations, using the expressions for going on a journey to help you ‘tthe ere cine pera inthe ‘Ahas pone ins ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST. >Unit 3 Transport ting notes and messages 4 these notes and messages (1-8). Match them th the reasons for writing (a-c)- Ganking apologising giving travel information suggesting a time and place = ving a message from someone else ‘Wesiting skill writing in note form ‘People often miss out words in notes and ‘SSesages. This is called elision, Find examples “ef these kinds of word gin thenotes and Seessages in Exercise 1. = articles = pronouns (e.g. 1, me) = aunillary verbs = polite forms (e.g, Would you like fo ..? Con we ...2) Eample: SCan ice) Meet outside (the) airport at 2? (Is that) OK? Rewrite these transcripts from a telephone ‘soicemail as shorter messages, 2 ‘Tm sorry bur I'm stuck ina trafficjam. Ul see you in half an hour! Sorry, Stuck in trafic. See you in 30 mins. “Thank you for booking the train tickets. pay you when we meet atthe siation. “Take the underground to Oxford Street and the ‘Moon café is at the end of platform one ‘Peter wants to come with us in the taxi. Can ‘you call him and tell him where to meet us?” ‘My flight is an hour late. Meot me at the anivals terminal at five ofclock ‘Work in pairs. Write a short note or message for seach situation 1 You have to work late, Write a short text message to your friend. Sey you will arrive at the bus station an hour later. You are meeting tonight in the city centre Suggest your friend takes a taxi from the taxi rank outside the train station, ‘You cannot travel with your friend on the underground to the airport. Explain you spill travel by bus and meet him/her at the check-in desk. Write a short message to your partner. Then, exchange messages. Can you understand your partner's message? Write a reply ifmecessary! Meet outside airport at 2? oK? Sorry, Bus late. Will be 15 minutes late. Javier called. Call him back. (0770 657 655. ‘Train leaves platform 6. Thanks for getting tickets. Here's the money. Plane at gate 6. Boarding now. ‘Am in taxi. See you outside museum in 5? Afraid | missed meeting. My apologies. “S-TRANSPORTINTHE CTY.» ATTITUDES TO ANIMALS.» ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST» GOING ON A JOURNEYUnit3 Transport Before you watch “Work in groups. Look at the photo and the caption. Discuss the questions 1 How important are trains in your country? 2 Domany people travel by train? Why? / Why not? Work in pairs. Think about Indian railways and choose the option you think is correct. Every day approximately fs hundred thousand / wo million passengers pass through Mumbai train station. There are over fo billion / one billion people in India. The British built the railways in India in the eighteenth f nineteenth century. There are over 38,000 / 3,800 miles of railway track in Inclia, The Grand Trunk Express has travelled through India since 1939 /1929, India’s railways carry four billion / four million passengers every year Indian Railways employs one hnandred thousand / cone and half million staf ile you watch ‘Watch the video and check your answers from Beerciso 2. ‘Peth the video again end answer the questions. When did the first steam train run in India? fa Rae RT way station? what is the key man’s jab? | © Who trios to get travellers’ attention and money > Indian railway stations? = What do passengers do on the train? “Gesplete the sentences with words from the Say © Stthe Victoria Terminus, Mumbai, it always seoms tobe: = Mey of the trains have names. 5 railways are the world’s largest keeps this enormous After you watch 6 Roleplay a conversation between passengers Work in pairs. Student A: You are from the city. Use the questions below tomake notes about yourself and your journey. Student B: You are from a small village, a day’s ‘walk from the station. Use the questions below to make notes about yourself and your journey. What's your name? How old are you? Who do you live with? What's your jot? What's your daily routine like? What's the best moment of your day? And what's the worst? Act out the conversation. Describe your journey to the station today, your life at home and give your reason for travelling, 7 At the end of the video, the narrator says: ‘The Indian railways are their own adventure.” What does she mean? 8 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. 1 Inswhat way are trains in your country similar to, or different from, trains in India? 2. Tstravelling by train a good way lo see a country? Why? / Why not? employer (n)m’ploe/¢ person or orgenisation that gives ‘werk te other people pressive (ec) /'pxestv something that eauses admiration ppaceanger (n) /astnibs/ 2 porson who travels in a vehicle tural (ad) rural of the countryside rush hour (a) raf ava’ the buslesi time of day. when a lot of people are going to 0: from work staff n) ta:f people who work for an organisation ‘rack (o)‘trvk! metal rails that 2 train runs on villager (9) "iids 2 person whe lives ina very small town, Cften inthe countryside workforce (n)/w:kias/ people who work for en organisation_UNIT3 REVIEW Grammar 41 Complete the article with the correct form. of the adjectives. : Guangzhou China has the? (large) population in the world and its capital city, Bejing, has some of? (bad) traffic problems. A few decadies ago, China’s streets weren't as? (Polluted) as they are now because most people rode bicycles. Butin ‘modern China, cars are selling * (fast) than in the USA, However, one city in China recently received a prize for its transportation system from the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP). The ITD? works with cities to make city le . (good). This year it gave the city ‘of Guangzhou a prize because it has one of the® (good) public transport systems, not only in China, but worldwide. ‘The system transports $00,000 people a day and runs on time, And bicycles are still as, z (popular) as ever because of the extensive network of bicycle paths. Itall ‘means the air in Guangzhou is much ‘ _ (clean) than in other cites. 2 Work in pairs. Compare your country to its nearest neighbours. Make five sentences using comparatives, superlatives (ras ..a about these things: size (larger / smaller / as big as) population age other? Vocabulary 3 Complete the sentences with transport words. 1 Lwork from home s0 I don’t have to © from work every day. 2. Youcanavoid ther __hourif you leave home ‘earlier in the morning and leave work earlier in the afternoon 3. There's always a baci trafficj_on the roads through the centre of the city. You sit in your car and never move. 4 The speed | per hour, Look out! There's a p__crossing the road. You can either cross the river by driving south for 30 minutes to the bridge or wait for the f to arrive. toand __on a motorway in the UK is 70 mil »mplete the sentences with a preposition. Please drop me __outside the café on the corner. We both fell asleep on the train and so we didn’t get at our station! think I'l go___ foot today and save some money. Did youcome your ear or__ your motorbike? Cor 1 Can you pick my shopping on the way home? a 3 ISB Real life 5 Number the lines of a conversation in the correct order (1-8). 1 Hii Td likea ticket to Moscow, please. At ten thirty. Here’s your ticket Single or return? (OK. A single ticket is 61 euros. Is that OK? ‘Thanks. Which platform does it go from? Yes, that’s fine. What time is the next one? 8 Platform eight. Single, please. 6 Work in pairs. Roleplay this situation, Student A: You area tourist in Kolkata, India. Ask a rickshaw driver to take you to your hotel. Student B: You are rickshaw driver. Talk to the tourist and discuss your price. Speaking 7 Work in pairs. What is your favourite way to travel (eg. by plane, train, bus)? What is your least favourite way to travel? Why?get . 50 Bs and FEATURES | 1 Adventurers of the year Profiles or some of the world’s top adventurers N The survivors What personal qualities do 3 survivors need? The right decision? ‘The real-life story of two climbers and how tough decisions saved their lives, Alaskan ice climbing 4 Avvideo about adventare in. the snow and ice of Alaska Look at the photo. Where are the people? Do you think it looks exciting or dangerous? 1.21 Listen toa caver whose favourite cave is the Rumbling Falls. Answer the questions. 1 Why do colleagues at work think Vicis ‘a bit crazy’? 2. Why do cavers need to be physically fit? 3. What does Vie say “The Rumble Room’ is like? Match these words from the caver’s description (1-3) with the definitions (0-<). 1 tisk 2 challenge 3. achievement ‘a something which is dangerous b_ something after a lot of hard work and effort (eg. passing an examination) © something new and very difficult to do Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1. Do you think you area person who takes risks or are you usually very careful? 2 Whatis your biggest achievement in life so far? 3. What is your biggest challenge in the future? 4 Isthere any kind of adventurous or risky activity you ‘would like to try in the future? THEMAINEVENTS AHAP2V ENDING ‘ATRUE STORY 5 GETING —Yourrast EVENTS YOU REMEMBERreading adventurers’ stories * grammar past simple + pronunciation (dt! or fl’ * speaking asking about your past 4a Adventurers of the year Reading 2. Read the article again. Answer the questions 1 What wes Edume’s biggest challenas 2. Why is she famous? 3. What was Stoven and Stephen's ambition? 4 What was their biggest risk? 1 Read the article. Complete the diagram with the phrases (1-6). Edurme Steven Pasaban Shoppman Grammar past simple 3 Underline all the verbs in the past tense in The mountaineer section of the article Answer the questions 1 What do you add to regular verbs in the past simple? 2. What auxiliary verb do you use to make the verb negative? 1 borin the USA 4 is famous 2. travelled round the world 5 finished the adventure 3. qualified in engineering 6 loves adventure \ 2 EVERY YEAR, READERS OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NaN ANU s sia) MAGAZINE VOTE FOR THEIR ADVENTURERS OF THE fte¥ EAR NAV seen r THE MOUNTAINEER [As a child, Edurne Pasaban lived in the mounteinous Besque region of Spa and she climbed her first mountain when she was fourteen, At univecsty, studied engineering but she didn’t want a nine-to-five job. In May 2010 finished her biggest challenge, to climb the world's fourteen tallest mountai Nowadays she is famous for her many climbing achievements, However, # dida’t climb in order to become famous. She says, ‘For me, adventure is a of life.’ THE ROAD TRIPPERS Steven Shoppman and Stephen Rouey were old friends who grew up together in Denver. But they knew each other a lot better after thele adventure, They both had an ambition to go on a toad trip round the world. From 2007 to 2010, they drove through 89 different countries during their 122,000-kilometre journey and had many adventures. They took a big risk when they went across a minefield (see photo). Thay also got help from lots of people and ‘they found that the world wasn’t as dangerous as they thought! road trip (n)/reodteiy 2 long journey by roseUnit 4 Adventure 4 Pronunciation /d’, /\/ or /id/ 1.22 Listen to the -ed ending of these regular verbs, Write /,/t/or /id). Then listen again and repeat. 1 lived —/a 5 waited 2 finished /1/ 6 looked 3 wanted —/id/ 7 decided 4. studied 8 climbed Sean [Ha climbed the mountain He did't climb a mountain. Didhe elim a mounain? For further information and practica, se page 87 5 Find the past tense form of these irregular verbs in The roa trippers section of the article in Exercise 1 1 be — was /were 6 growup 2 drive ____ 7 have 3 find 8. know 4 get 9 take 5 30 10. think Complete the text about another adventurer with the past simple form of the verbs, THE PHOTOGRAPHER Reza wus ort (be born) in Tabriz, ran in 1952. He (study) architecture at the university in Tehran bu (not /become) an architect. When he was (love) photography and, after (get) a job with a local newspaper a teenager, Reza * university, he * asa photographer Euthe® photos of local news and in 1978 he? (not / want) to take for National Geographic magazine. (go) abroad (take) photos of wars. Nowadays he works 7 Read the text in Exercise 6. Answer the questions. 1. When was Reza born? 2. Where did he study architecture? 3. What did he love when he was a teenager? 4 What did he do after university? 3 Did he want to take photos of local news? 6 When did he go abroad? Pees ‘When wera you born? In 1950, What cid you study at university? Economics, Did you go abroad when you mere young? ‘Yes | did. No, | didn't For further Information ond pracice, see page 87. 8 % 1.23 Workin pairs. Read the article in Frercise 1 again. Write questions for these answers (1-6). Then listen and compare your questions with the recording. 1. In the mountainous Basque region of Spain When she was fourteen. Enginoering. From 2007 to 2010. Aminefield. That the world wasn't as dangerous as they thought. Speaking 9 Wiite eight to ton questions to ask your partner about their past. Use some of these prompts to help you. where /born? where /live? what subjects ike / at school? 90/ university? what job/ want? what /do after that? 10 ‘Take turns to interview each other, Make notes about your partner's answers. 11 Swap pariners and describe your first partner's life. ‘Chan vas born in Hong Kong in 1982 EVENTS YOU REMEMBER ‘THE MAIN EVENTS.» A HAPPY ENDING ATRUE STORY avocabulary and speaking personal qualities * listening the survivors * grammar past continuous * Pronunciation was * speaking events you remember 4b The survivors Vocabulary and speaking. personal qual Ss 1. Look at the photo of an expedition. How dangerous is this situation? What kind of people do this, co you think? 2 Read the sentences and comments (1-8) about this kind of expedition. What kind of personal quality does each describe? Match these adjectives to the sentences. ambitious careful decisive _ determined experienced intelligent patient reliable 1. ‘The leader of our team has climbed in the Himalayas many times before in his thicty years 2s a mountaineer’ 2. "Whatever the risk, we always achieved our goal. Nothing stopped us.’ 3. “Evenasa child, I wanted to be the best at everything’ 4. ‘Iv’s important to plan before any expedition’ 5. ‘When the weather is really bad, you have to wait. There’s no point in taking stupid risks.” 6 ‘Everyone in the team always has to be there for each other. You won't survive without each others help and support.’ ‘Fle has. quick brain and you need that for this, kind of expedition’ 8 “The leader is the person wino makes the final decision and everyone has to agree’ WORDBUILDING negative profines ‘oucan make some gjctives for aeonal reitie by ating a prefix unambrtous, cece, | mpi | For further information end practice, see Workbook page 127. What personal qualities do these people need? Make sentences with the adjectives in Exercise 2 and explain your reasons ateacher a close friend a language learner a news photogrepher a President asports competitor a TV presenter Example: A teacher is patient because the students need time tolearn Listening 4 $1.24 Listen to part ofa radio interview with survival expert Doctor Weisz. Match the survie (1-3) to the situations (a-<). Maria Garza Bethany Hamilton Mrand Mrs Carlson lost at sea for thirty-one days escaped from a buming acroplane surfing when attacked by a shark poe oneUnit 4 Adventure 7.24 Listen again. Choose the correct option <) to complete the sentences. ‘The main aim of the TV programme is to talk about = recent survival stories © the best survival stories © the personal qualities of survivors Doctor Weisz says all survivors 2 aredecisive 5 need determination © are decisive and need determination The Carlsons’ story is different to Bethany’s because they were atsea for a long time 5 they were in the water © they didn’t have experience Most survivors 2 don’t take risks often take risks © aren't very careful you ever need the personal qualities of 2 vor? For example, are there other situations nu need to be decisive, experienced or i mar past continuous atthe highlighted verbs in the extract from interview in Exercise 4. Answor the questions. ‘on an aeroplane in Denver airport with Re one-year-old child when she Sato afire fiom the seeow. While the other passengers twerePunting to “Se exits, Maria olimbemeut of the window, = Do all the highlighted verbs talk about the past? = Which verbs describe a completed action? = Which verbs describe actions in progress at 2 particular time? How do you form the past continuous tense? What is the auxiliary verb? What is the form of she main verbs? Eurema shalitwessitting —_-youwerthey were siting youlwelthey weren't sitting js heshelit sitting? Were youlwelthey siting? ‘often jon the past continuous tense with the past -with the nords when or while to talk about one "sion happening at the same time as another ‘wes siting on an eeroplane in Denver airgort en she sawva fire irom the window. the other passengers wore running tothe exits, climbed out of the windors. shalt wesn’ sitting jurther information end practice, see page 68, 8 Look at the grammar box. Then choose the correct ‘options to complete the true life survival stories. Use) air SURVIVAL ! STORIES! aia ae “Soya he Ae ee ‘While Steven and Rachel Carlson * sailed / were sailing Canatyleland, their boat sank. They ¥ oid‘ ha fosters ‘much food and water but after 31 Cee twas a normal afternoon at Derwer airport but as Flight: 455995 ‘taking off, passengers ® saw / was seeing a tite trom the window. Immediately. the plene’s captain reelised that the engines” didn't rk pero worn ae aded eh, Whe peers ran / were running towards the front exits, Maria Garza pulled far caine sgh thereon ot neste oa 9 Which survival story do you think is the most amazing? Why? 10 Pronunciation was 41.25. Listen to those sentences. Notice how the Pronunciation of zoas changes. Then listen again and repeat. wae! 1. She was surfing in Hawaii wort! 2. I wasn’t snowing, Iwo! 3 Wesit raining? Speaking 11 Work in pairs. ‘Tell your partner which ofthese events happened to yau in the past. Explain: 1. when they happened 2 what you were doing atthe time broke a bone first fell in love got your first job fell off your bicycle steer ‘Think of three more real or special events in your life. Tell your partner. 12 Examples: While F was working im..., Let Tons living abroad when 1. © your past > TE] = THE MAINEVENTS. © AHAPPY ENDING "© ATRUE STORYreading a mountaineering story * vocabulary geographical features + critical thinking identifying opinion * vocabulary in, on or at for time expressions ® speaking the main avents Ac The right decision? Reading Critical thinking 4. Work in pairs. What was your best decision in life? What was. identifying opinion 1 worst decision? What happened? Tell your partner. pour Worst What happened? Tell your parin 5 Read the last paragraph again. Do the 2 Read the true story on page 51 about two climbers, Simpson following people (1-3) think that Yates and Yates. What decision did Yates make? What decision did made the right decision or the wrong, Simpson make? decision? 1. some climbers 2. Simpson % 3. the author of the article 3 Rend the story again. Are the sentences true (1) or false (F). Joe Simpson 6 Do you think Yates made the right decision? Why? / Why not? Vocabulary in, on or at for time expressions 7 Look at these time expressions from th story. Then complete the rules (1-4) w in, on oF at In May 1985 on Day 1 1 The accident happened while Simpson and Yates were three days later at the last second climbing up the mountain. ee four weeds Ie ateaiioon 2. They didn’t reach the top of Siula Grande. in the middle of that night in 1988 3. Yates cut the rope because he wanted to survive. 4 Yates didn’t look for Simpson afterwards. 1 Weuse, with months, years, 5. Simpson managed to get to the base camp on his own. seasons, decades, centuries and pai of the day. Vocabulary geographical features 2 Weuse with days, dates and special days such as her birthday, 4 Match these words from the story to the picture, New Year's Day. 3 Weuse with times and spec lake north‘face mountain cave summit ridge cexpresefons such as night, glacier diff crevasse the weekend, the final moment. 4 Wedon’t use . or with time expressions such. yesteriiay, last week, tevo days later. Speaking 8 Workin pairs. Match the time expressions in Exercise 7 to these event from the story. Then tell the main parts of the story using the time expressions. stood at the top of the mountain ‘cutthe rope wrote a book heard his name crawled near to base camp started climbing Siula Grandei May 1985 two climbers, Joe Simpson lend Simon Yates, Iaft their base camp Iby a lake and started climbing the erth face of a mountain called Siula ande in the Peruvian Andes. This climb = incredibly dangerous but the two sn were experienced climbers and cally fit, On Day 1, the weather was and the climb gan well, At night made a snow cave ‘Sedsleot on the side of mountain, every difficult Eimbing and bad eather, the two men stocd at the it. Unfortunately, the weather was jing worse so they didn’t stay long, is they were going down a mountain at ddge, a disaster happened. Simpson ‘ell Si broke his knee. Quickly, Yates tied a ope to himself and then to his friend, @ began lowering Simpson down the ountain end, for hours and hours, Mates helped Simpson get down the “sountain. They were getting dose to the ajacier at the bottom of the mountain id suddenly Simpson slipped. This time se went over the edue of a cliff, He was Ranging in mid-air Simpson shouted “up to Yates, but the wind was blowing Dudly and Yates couldn't hear him. SAIRIRBOUH > vour past et ae Unit Adventure Yates did't know what was happening below. He waited for an hour but the rope was ton heavy and it was pulling Yates dovin the mountain, ‘towards the cliff. He had two choices: hold the rope but then both of ‘them might die, or cut the rope and survive. it was an impossible decision for Yates but, at the last second, Yetes cut the rope and saved himself Immediately, Simpson fell thirty metres into a crevasse. ‘The next day, while Yates was desperately locking for Simpson, he found the crevasse. He called for Simpson but he heard nothing, Sedly, hhe decided that Simpson was dead. Yates didn't know it but Simpson was ~ unbelievably - still alive inside the crevasse. Simpson waited for hours but when he realised Yates ‘wasn't coming, he decided to take a tisk. He had some rope so he abseiled to the bottom of the crevasse. He managed to find a way out. For three days, simpson drank water from the snow and ice, He crawled back towards the base camp and at four o'clock in the afternoon of Day 7, Simpson was very near, In the middle of that night, Yetes was sleeping in his tent at base camp ‘when he woke up. He was sure someone was shouting his name. Excitedly, he ran outside and looked around. Finally, after searching and searching he found Simpson. He was lying on the ground, not moving, but he was still breathing, After a few days, the two men returned home and their story became famous. Unfaitly, some climbers criticised Yates for cutting the rope. But, in 1888, Simpson wrote a book about the events and defended Yates. ‘Simpson believed Yetes made the right decision. edge (ri eds/ the place where something stops B abseil) ravtseil to lower yours? down a mountain on a rope «ravi (y)/kral to move on your cat MR52 real life talling a story * pronunciation Intonation for responding 4d A happy ending Real life telling a story 11 41.26 Listen to a conversation between two friends about a camping trip. Answer the questions. 1 Was the start of the weekend good or bad? When did Mark and the others leave? ‘Where did the car break down? Who fixed it? 4 Why couldn't they find the campsite at first? 5. What happened after they found the campsite? 6 Where did they go instead? 2 9 1.26 Listen again and complete the conversation. ‘A: Hi Mark. How was your camping trip? B: twas great in the end but we had a terrible time at the beginning A: Why? B _, we left the house early on Saturday morning but after only half an hour the car broke down. A: Oh nol B:?___ there was a garage nearby and the mechanic fixed the problem. But > __we arrived at the forest, it was getting dark *____we drove around. for about an hour, we? _found the ‘campsite but it was completely dark by then. ¢ it started raining so we found a nice hotel down the road! That was lucky! Yes, it was a great hotel and ”__ ‘we stayed there for the whole weekend. ep A 3 Match the words and expressions (1-8) in Exercise 2with the correct section in the box. Pate Sequencing the story Noxt .. Introducing good and bad news Luckily... But Reacting to good and bad news Why? That was a good idea! Ohno! 4 Pronunciation intonation for responding 1.27 Listen to the expressions in ‘Reacting to good and bad news’ in the box. Notice how the listener uses intonation to show interest. Then listen again and repeat. 5 Work in pairs. Read the conversation in Exercise 2 aloud. Take turns to be person A. Pay attention to yoi intonation when you are responding, 6 Practise telling another story with your partner ‘Student A cycled to work and these events happened. You had a terrible journey to work You were cycling and it started raining, Acar hit your bicycle You weren’t hurt. The driver was very nice. He owns a bicycle shop. He gave you a new bike! I's much better than your old bicycle! Tell your story to Student B, Student B listons and responds, Then change roles and repeat the story. 7 Think of a bad joumey you had. Did it have a happy ending? Make a list of the events. Then tell your partner the story. ‘YOURPAST.» EVENTS YOU REMEMBER mewan evens > ESEISOSS ET + are‘ariting a true story * writing skill using -ly adverbs in stories Unit 4 Adventure Writing a true story 1. When you read the news, is italways bad news? Are there ever any newsstories with good news or happy endings? ‘True stories in the news often include some or all of this information. Read the story and find out which of this information is included. the location the weather the people why they were there any sudden or unexpected ‘events that changed the situation how the situation ended a happy or sad ending story ond its traet Filey days ago. Hace ecenage boys “Acar in a sinall boat. “immediacely rescue “boats went t0 look or chem but sadly “there was a0 sign of sheir boat. Eventually Safishing boar in the middle ofthe Pacific Ocean pulled them fiom thesea.“The boys were badly sanburned and dehydrated but doctors said they were {in suprisingly good health. Now, they are back happily 3 Writing skill using -ly adverbs in stories Look at the sentence from the story in Exercise 2. We often use ly adverbs to make a story more interesting Underline the other -! advorbs in the story. Fifty days ago, three teenage boys suddenly disappeared {from the island of Atafu in a smal boet 4e A story of survival 4 Match the aciverbs you underlined in Exercise 3 with the rules (1-3). We often use 4y adverbs to: 1 comment on the whole clause or sentence. Eventually, they saw another sho in the stance. 2 escrbe the verb (how someone did something ‘or how itheppened). He slowly swam towards the sland. (Aso He swam towards the island slowly.) 2 cescribe an adjective The three survivors were amazingly healthy. Many adverbs are edjectves + ty e.g. sudden ~ suddenly. Make these sentences from short stories more interesting using the adverbs. 1 Theclimb was dangerous. (incredibly) The clint ons incredibly dangerous. ‘The sun was shining, (brightly) ‘The man jumped into the car. quickly) ‘They were nearly at the top oF the mountain ‘but one of them slipped. (suddenly) 5. Itstarted raining, Gill had an umbrella (fortunately) 6 The Amazon river was long and they were lost for days. (amazingly) 7 They walked back and looked into each, cother’s eyes. (stowly) 8. They were lost in the forest for hours but they found the road again. (eventually) You are going to write a true story. Itcan be from your own life or a story you read in the newspaper. Think about these questions and make notes. Where did it happen? What was the weather like? Who was there and what were they doing? What unexpected event happened? What happened next? Did it have a happy or sad ending? ‘Write your story. Uso -ly adverbs to make it more interesting, Work in pairs. Exchange stories. Use these questions to check your partner's story. + What information in Exercise 6 does your partner include? + Does he/she use ly adverbs effectively? PEMETGIG © Your past » EVENTS YoU REMEMBER © THEMANEVENTS © AHAPrY ENDING — TEI >|Is hard work elimbing the glacier.fore you watch ‘Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the questions, 2 Where is the woman? 2 Whats she doing? Do you think this isa dangerous activity? 4 How do you think she is feeling? ‘What do you think these words mean? Try to ‘match the words (1-3) with the correct meaning =). serac crevasse ice fall a narrow, deep hole in ice b- anarea with many soracs lange piece of glacial ice that sticks up in the air ile you watch ‘atch the video and check your answers from Evercise 2 ‘Witch the video again and put the events from the Smibers’ trip in onder (1-8). = Iwas a very special feeling for the woman ‘when she got to the top. © They drove to the Matanuska glacier. «They hiked across the glacier. “2 When they arrived at Talkeetna, the weather ‘was so bad that they coukin't fly to Mount McKinley. A woman slipped, but the rope saved her ‘after a long walk they reached solid ice atthe heart of the glacier. ‘When they arrived at the glacier, the guides explained how to use the equipment. They started climbing the ice wall seich the video again and make notes about these Unit 4 Adventure After you watch 6 Roleplay telling a friend about a trip Work in pairs. ‘Student A: You are one of the people who went to the glacier. You are now back at home, Tella friend about your trip. Use the ideas below to make notes Student B: Your friend went on a trip toa glacier in ‘Alaska. Use the ideas below to prepare questions. to ask your friend, the journey to the glacier what the glacier was like what the weather was like the equipment what the climb was like how it felt to get to the top ‘Act out the conversation. Then change roles and have another conversation about a different trip 7 The narrator says Colby and Caitlin are not usually doubtful when they're in the mountains. ‘What does this tell you about them? B Workin pairs. Discuss these questions, 1 What kind of people like ice climbing? 2. Would you like to go ice climbing? Why? / Why not? climb (9) kann go up with lot of effort climber (r) aims a person wh climbs ‘rampons (n)/krempoay/ spikes that cimbers put on the bottom of their Bots ‘doulbtful (ad) aot! not feeling certain about something Glacier (n}"alesia’ a large mass of fea ‘uide (‘ganda person who shows « place to visitors heel (his the back part of the foot {nko (9) hak! a walkin a wild place ‘rope (a) /rsup 2 thie string used for tying things ‘stable (ad /S(eibV/ not likely to Fall or move in the wrong, way unsafe (ad) inne! dangerous ‘weather (n)/svado| atmospnoric conditions like rain, snow, sun temperature