John A. Read www.LearnToStargaze.comFor my boys, Isaac and Oliver. TextCopyright @2021 ohn A. Read Produced in Canad in 2021 {llrightsreserved No part of ths book may be reproduced of ‘transmitted in any frm orby any means, elecronic or mechanical, including photocopying ory any information storage or retrieval system, without permission wating from the publisher Design workon this etion was completed with assistance rom Formac Publishing Compary Limited (Norther Hemisphereealtion) Formac recognizes the supporto the Province of Nova cota through the Department of Communities Culture and Heritage. We are pleased to workin partnership with the Province of Nova Scotia todevelop and promote our culturaesources forall Nova Scotian. We acknowledge the suppert ofthe Canada Cound forthe As, ‘which last yor invested $153 milinto bring the ats to Canadians ‘throughout the country. This pojecthas been made possible in part bythe Government of Canada Cover design TylerCleroux/ John Read Coverimage:tock/Adobestoch/Stelrium/ John A Rod Interior layout Gwen Nort Northern Hemisphere Jennifer Read ‘Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere edition eting and consulting: Dovid. F Chapman fed. John Astor Isonsre-v-rrrasir44 Other books by John A. Read THINGS] TO SEE mY OT) S05 yap MISSIONS ‘WORLD PASS*G6E ‘Stellar Publishing has portnered with an organization called Paseagetosend telescopes and Spanish ranslationsof ‘astronomy books to schools in South America. Tasupport Passage please consider donatingat: wn fyingostrichmedia.com/passage htm PHOTO CREDITS. Telescope view source files for deep-sky objects were ‘onsiructed from actual photos taken by the author, ether using his personal four-nch refractor, twelve-inch Dobsonian ELSA RISE PRAG OBST RE) ORME BE Lane! andthe Burke Gaffney Observatory at aint Marys University Halifax. Exceptonsinclude Mt, imaged by Kurtis Anstey; Comet C/2013USI0,imaged by Dave Lane NGC2477 from AAS Dita hy Survey. 145 Cma smultednStelarium, Pavo Cuter by the ESO, ‘Other mages used include: images from NASA which follow NASA's photo usage guidelines; image of Comet {67P Churyumov Gerasimenkofrom ESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM, CCBY-SAIGO30;image of OneSky Telescope courtesy of Astronomers Without Borders; image of Explore Scientific FicstLight refractor compliments of Explore Scientific Background images in interior from Shutterstock. Star maps used in this book were sourced using Stellarum, an open-source stargazing program. These maps were then ‘eustomized for the purpose ofthis book. Several of artist Johan "Meuris constellation images from Stellarium areincludedin this bookand usage rights can be found here: artibre.cxg/icencerta/ery.TABLE OF CONTENTS Pes Pee eT ag try re) Osea Cee eer tetra oy De Pe Se et re ae eed Ce ee ea et aT) 46 ee eas OE ete Meta nets 47 Peace ESA Dieter gC ae CT a) Orc) 12 30 The Eagle Nebula (M16) 49 Soa aur) 14 Ere co) rere Ty Tar] PPE cate es oe Cede 33 The “Summer” Triangle& Cluster M7152 Loe S ARE Ss Sree et | ogi eee rs EF Aieeiten tee Pee eae ee ES , 37 The HI" Cluster 56 Sete Daa ig ates Ee orc 58 Ease ert Ya en Tc ey eee Pest) cy Nat ese PLOT A a a Gl 10 Orion (The Hunter) Tac) C3 11 The Orion Nebula (M42) ree ty cy 12 The Twins (Gemini) & Cluster M35 Omer 64 13 Canis Major & Cluster M41 ce 6 14 The Crab Nebula (M1) eT cg 66 15 The Hyades (in Taurus) eee Ca 16 The Pleiades (M45) Ed cy 17 The Starfish Cluster & The CloakingWarbird 34 48 Uranus cy 18 Argo Open Clusters core ers 70 19 The Hexagon & The Satellite Cluster Ere es a RU ETT ay CS ee 20 Corona Borealis & Cluster MS 38 21 Bostes & Cluster M3 Et) Se ange acer ED 24 Cancer & The Beehive er)Using This Book OO em BLL RN ee RUNU TT any page show how the object will look Sete Nac estes ecu Boe otra ete cies Seeger ene Myke cs: i Se ee eC eg Pearse (ect SIA ere ets eles ESET) Tee etme CCIM sections introduce star pattern (a CEO eM Rescue) that can be identified without a Feo eee RECO a Th) re ee cee Recut fieesy Set ea) oe eur eae g much sky you might see through SecaIfyou see this symbol, the object can be viewed with binoculars. ried ue Par Cen UTe ie 2 through the ecliptic (the path the Sun “ CONE ec EMS Re 2 Pe RE Re Uc TOC ae eee Le 4 if 5 Cece eames a eae lacey r ’ Cd 2+ 4 Greco Oe an see AA OEE) 4 See a rt anes a Ra Tn Seen St eae Ta s objects above the horizon). Level 2 requires some Pe nae ees “or, in the cas@of Uranus and Neptune, the use of stargazing = RAca + “ DRCUR ec ee ee ad CMe a eRe ace MTS . fixed positions of the stars helped people knéwWhen to plant their Seen erat ¥ . Dena aie Cel een ey gem Pees Rous Lene Laie Mee A Cee ee RICE CUnea Pete RUS ECSU Dog Se Bend cece Ene F Reem teeters PONE Ora LaeIsland universes MAE Neo aenecee ek Milky Way Galaxy. Up until the early 1900s, ESE aU ANZ (which contains about 300 billion stars) was IRR ieowA On Reger eed Con eee e een e NAC cee Reece Ree aE SCM e assuming they were clouds of gas within our Cra RO Roem} Heber Curtis argued otherwise, calling these Osaeee ar Mea RET Peay eee kere ete et tie Bete rey Ute ge cree ME Lar Cee Renee ee es Peon Mecsas eee IM Porat cae Tare m ci? ‘Andromeda Galaxy that aren’t comets M1 ~The first object in Messiers list of objects UNCER Em MHOC Nace ea Cas eu on es created list of 110 fuzzy objects he saw ee Men ee Moe ORS a Eau aa el) Se Ruan une em A Oro eee en Res et sacs Cems ae ecg oem ene) PEM Eee MSE scene Nee CMe Ria release eau ee eae Me ene Cee ee ete ee included in Messier’s list. Cluster M20-Trifid NebulaWETS. The objects in this book can be located in the night eee Tene eee a eee Peer SEE ured iPiga etna teh Re een ete rates ts images below as a guide CL FAIR SKY ett Pee ey erent ering Ed enea eee} ear ee ened erty rene) Premed erat oni remus . peas pein . corny Each blob in this image from the Hubble Sp Telescope is a galaanegpigiping hundreds of P+ | es}AYE ELIS). (C5 Hopefully you know that Earth revolves around the Sun. This fact has a fascinating ees eee a ee ae eee cea Pao noe ca coe care Ny Not all stars rise and set. Many stars in the southern sky can be seen all yearfrom the TS aCe (ee eee mee Wego een northem stars that do not rise and set.) When you-look upat the night sky for any length of rm ares eee) rotate around one part of the sky. This is called the aes rele) pe “ae eS Ee cS See Reet ec Peer ; Teeny Tare cng _- SST) i sunset) June, July. Aug. Pee erChoosing a Telescope Re Su DAee eeu) Ey Teen acs acca CY Eesti NOMS aR eis Eyepiece diameters of either 1.25” or 2 Simple “AIVAZ design Lazy Susan mounts are very easy to use. Ingeneral, the aperture(the width of the mirror or lens), NOT the magnification, determines how much you'll beable to see. Red-dot finders are much easier than finderscopes. «. BAN 4 Round tripod sored ia more stable than rectangular legs, NeatParts of a Telescope De eee Re nee Sen a a cee Ra eC eet) lenses to magnify distant objects. the right, use mirrors to direct light into the Eee Upidown knob ? NY = Cat (up/down/lett /right) mount Left Focusing right knob 4 knob Equatorially mounted (EQ) telescopes (not shown) are designed to trackthe Earth's rotation along a single tilted axis. They have additional features that can be challenging for beginner stargazers, and are not included in this book.ere tTiTH ery | RM mC RTH Rs = HEREC Cree Beate Nees oc eo CAC a Sta se y PM EU) a a ne RAC Rune aah nce Eure eM ete nee Tea mmues on esa urs trees or buildinigs and away from artificial sources of light. ae ere eee ee Me Teenie Wena ase Tee Peele nee eee nue en es CSE etry " Tetsu gS nak Race A Ppa ed aCe enn es eo Eales TURE td UP RU ee PRATER Ti 121oS rr Me naa Ie eG ea gre 1) kit SNM e ree) vee a taal Seren olen Neca teat Seca RAC ig Pen eene ene il DET aco kee REM kel ee MEST lel Mola Barlow.” These devices are designed to pe placed between the eyepiece and the telescope to triple or double the magnification. Sarlowlens(usesparina)) MAAR UR RLS Owe Pua ossTe eed ed eae ee eee a eT) eee Roe Ott eee eet ce De ean a Um CUM Ree seks hy Pena Kec a ae ae a oot as TST Rm canta) Moon (or potarz eRe] ie Bcc oas must be in focus. To do this, Pemgue aee ca Pee CC twist the focusing knob until COE Raga eo sharp ora bright star is as small as you can make it. in focus (left) and out of f Aligning your telescope For a telescope to work properly, the finderscope (or red-dot finder) must be aligned so that it points at exactly the same place as the oe MK Sateen ae) eee ies oats Pease assent siete At uel recuse Rae tr) the finderscope and the telescope. If using a red-dot finder, the eee lok men ce keaE Adapting your eyes to the dark Nene Scere ae Cee Tener ences One Nee econ ene eT ern cs Ce MS Mes Re na Ce Rea eee Caren eek ea also means no flashlights (unless covered with red cellophane) and no looking at es Red-dot finderSera ai 2 ig To find any object in the night sky, youll have to plot a route! imagine youre eae fs Rete ea ee ate ee mane ue AEM A Cis Ree PUMA un et oay Baber risa se ec Raia Scat era a ‘ eT eM RUM a Lae RRP Renee Oe ete aa eC Nees eM ca eos 5 eer c yi , ~ to-find open star cluster), You might start at Orion’s Belt and hop over to Gemini, sing stars Pollux and Castorto identify the [iam Twins", Then, using the “feet” of the Twins asa guide, follow an imaginary line de to the location of M35, Stellar Tip Star hopping is an art, nce, and it takes practice. Butit will lead you to all the targets listed in this bookYear-Round Objects rs : a ce CeeaC ane eee Roe See ee nee Ones NPL Aen en eee aca Bemis For more on observing the Moon, check out the book: 5 Things to See on the Moon, The Full Moonas viewed througha small telescope or binoculars. ‘The Moon viewed inits“w phases at the same time each e TPs First-quarter Moon e Roe en Gibbous Moon ] a Night 14 CD 7] mm) ] oo Be - oe Northern Horizon Eastern Horizon) ra After the Full Moon, the Moon ‘wanes' ec) through the following phases: Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent and then back to NC a Reece ocean eu Ru CMEC ROO es Earth’s shadow Stellar Facts The reason we don't have eclipses every month is because the Moon's orbitis slightly tilted. This means that most months, the shadows miss!- PRU CrCl) Deere ee Tureen nae ene MPM eer tee Un VAC na eR co a roar Ml aaa etl eke anus g a Tee . tures have The Milky Wayappears as a wispiness ofilight and dark that # names tothe « crosses the entire sky.all year long.-This wispiness is made from” * A Coe ee nee cd cusca eae fay is found-near the constellation Sagittarius, a constellation * dustlanes found within the Milky Way. Aboriginal Australians see an Emu (a large bird), as shown here in Se el a ee thisimage. \ Scofpius ae TCR OF CR May and September) No telescope is needed to see the Milky BCa Cg Way, but it dogs (Asterism) a —_3 Magellanic Clouds Stellar ee Sarr rae tee ee setae ta Ren emo Mea ee on eC] Facts Seed accu age aC ae en As Earth spins, the equator, these dwarf galaxies are visible (in dark skies) on almost ce earner every cloudless night. around the celestial poles. The Magellani The Magellanic Clouds contain many interesting features. Though ieee teers” Pro eee ee Cee MoCo take Re kas IY the left, right, or above can be seen. The Tarantula Nebula is located within in the Large ow the south iveelcunaet) celestial pole as shown below. ere rena a Seo art) Location of south celesti ces eri Tarantula Nebula through a small telescope4 The Southern Cross ae ake cote Co ea Re RURAL cd eo eR eC O Melia Cal te which appears slightly blue and is a double star when viewed throughta telescope. BS kee nce eo can draw a line from stars Gacrux to Acrux which points in the Pn Rene ue Kes tel ; Wa The constellation Crux Sn ed is so popular, it appears Orie) on five national flags. It is the smallest of the 88 constellations Oy Aer Celestial Navigation is the process of finding your way using the star guide. 1 Acrux through a telescope.+ Located in the Southern Cross, the Jewel Box is one of the Stellar southern sky's most beaytifyl open clusters. This clister is visible withouta telescope, appearing like Facts ma uence ieee ua Com! Se Coe MMe oN ear mee ec five te eu neeul eect Rete nese lash cll Kear ICE OMEr eC ceirag | Bel take cored ey As The Jewel Box was rm B named by Sir John pi Herschel (son of William Herschel, the man who discovered Pee Cee . Uranus). Se | |EMR ela Ren TC CC CUE hark stc cu) OMT Coen Kes WEE Geren R ae aN cna each Coa Euensse anes * JA third star, Proxima Centauri, is thé tlosest star to our sun. ee ae Ce Rae Cee ee Cement ay came amet aes The Constellation Centaurus wraps around the Southern Cross. Centaurus represented by a centaur of Greek Mythology. High qypaniticatinn mes dee Bede.Var ielS Stellar Facts Globular Star Clusters contain thousands of stars, and look like a swarm of bees around hive. 47 Tucanae is the second brightest Se tete laa cue atc eal duce Lula sce eM See eee eee eta Dee te tte on one ca eee in which itis located. 47 Tucanae is found beside the Small Ree iee eae once sc acca ect es | Tet TI Small Magellanic Cloud Nihal senrtelsias rd Mythology. Tucana A rep! aToucan, the tropical bird. TnL © RCE TL ATU syPLN Uae eRe Mec me me RS eae RoR eo) Pleiades. It is a dense clusters of bright stars. With the unaided eye, Stellar PSS aE oe eee Rc cae eS cue eR ARSC skies, but with a telescope, dozens more stars come in to view. epee se Ce RRS TM TR OS le (oe oa is stil the third brightest open cluster in the sky. This cluster is found about a hand's width to the right of the Southern Cross. Italso forms the foot of the asterism called the Diamond Cross” The constellation Carina represents the hull of a ship. Itis one of three constellations that make up the “Argo” a famous ship in Greek mytholo+] Wi hi tf | fs The constellation Carina ishome to many deep sky Wonders, Twos. Pate Se ac ene tet ee et reece mM uerteea cn eae Pacts augue um tee ar Teun 4 OM oo ee akc a ce Ceeerut ee h emaec ne a neces Te Mreeretercr entre es eyes Pees ac ee TRE Wishing Well and the Gr Nebula in Carina in the Corina 5 é same ae a ee oa? a 5 oars oe : 3 ee a : peeWee EM raSUM MOL MTC) Orion is one of the most prominent summer constellations viewed to the North from the Southern Hemisphere. Itis PRS RAC a a a Leet The bright red star in the constellation is named Betelgeuse, while a blueish-white star is named Rigel. Betelgeuse nisa hunter from Greek mythology. mS STELLAR FACT: This constellation is home to the famous Horsehead Nebula This object is ou the range of the small tele butit makes a great target for astrophotographers.The Great Nebula in Orion is one of the most brilliant nebula in the'sky and also one of the easiest to find, Located near Stellar . Orion's Belt, it can be spotted without a telescope asa Facts Bote ted eee) Anebulais a cloud of PO sarc ee esl cna . ee iene , Orion's Belt, Orion’s Sword, and a few othePneighboring stars. ocr curace i J inthe night s a P bright patch of light. The Orion Nebula a through, small telescoy TU This nebula is at target for binoculars, too!12 The Twins (Gemini) & Cluster M35 Stellar Gemini (or the Twins, as you can see by their constellation Facts lines) is found near Orion. You can find this constellation by re RU Re ees ee eK Arco the right twin is open star cluster M35. 5 Gemini is the location of one of the biggest r showers of al the year. i e Diy The Geminids occur " a Re Oy annually in mid- Open star cluster Decemt M35 is 2,800 light- years from Earth13 Canis Major & Cluster M41 cau AM od Cea RC L=c gL) is following Orion, the hunter from the previous section. This constellation contains Sirius, also known as the “Dog Star.” Canis Den eek tea etd eee ee ee Open cluster M41 througha telescope. The bright star in the 5 dog's neck is called Ot ep Sirius. Thisis the ightest starin the night sky!7 UT Crab MoE (M1) Mo ene Ea nar Ee ans mee a Th tellation Taurus represents a bullin the mytholo of several ancient cultures, There are even cave paintings of this constellation shown as abull! The Crab Nebulais located beside the bright star that, repreggarathinletaier” inCMEC CH ETS) Senter ura ane OM Sey ec Stellar REC Sn eae ey Fact Pepe rece a uty CRTC ge teats ‘acts centre of the constellation. The Hyades are located within an The Hyades isthe asterism called the “V in Taurus”. closest open star cluster to Earth. This makes ita great target binocular: f telescopes. The bright Stacedep aa Utnet cluster. Aldebaran TheHyades : 4 The Pleiades °Mite uteri c-Si aots) Coe nae ees ue cab Aelia ana Peo senc cua eter ea ERC Meee eer a Merny Reet yucatan Through a tele: Pleiades appear as a brilliant cluster of dozens of NCSU asd Stellar Facts . Almost every culture has a story about the Pleiades. In several societies, the Pleiades represent seven sisters or seven princesses. Other cultures assign birds, puppies and various other animals. DIFFICULTY fexexe)TAGES eae ure ae RCL A CU TL ne eee ad a aur Sat arevc) . a constellations, people have rT TS Pec PTR aL ars PR UROL Pare) co Pe ke Sm pate) call M37 the Cloaking Warbird; after the Romulan stafship from ial Oe PRAMS Bo ‘Auriga means “chariot driver” in Latin. The Cloaking arbird (M37) throughaORR Tey Ces ence aa AeA ESC RT) Ounce Cerin holster ecm r Silas Stellar exploring, see if you can see 145 Canis Majoris. This is one of Facts Ri taecrd Mimic te ecm ered Ne See back in Canis Major. 145 Canis Majoris (14' through telescope. coe : 7 ie ie} Corina Velais the sailin the - group of constellations 4 representing the Argo, i } a ship from Greek a a mythology. Puppis, also Ca shown on the map, its the ship's poop deck (a poop decks the roof of the in on a sailing ship). Electric Guitar Cluster NGC 2477 througha telescope. Tan19 cit Hexa PR te MUSTO CRS tc am avrg oer Paes eset ES etary tel ket Recent are CDR toa TIT r ‘Aldebaran Satelit ar ‘a f through a CapellaMarch April May [ LOOKING NORTH eT)20 Corotia Borealis & Cluster: M5 Meare ence cement Rees kot bright red star Arcturus, néar the northern horizon. Corona Ce on Um ur ke MMe RU Least) Denon gence Ree a knights at a round table, ern Ty Sa Globular cluster MS througha teles This bright star is officiall SSSR yelin Latin, bptit also ening means ‘j74 MS Ce BUT Cl The constellation Bodtes looks like a kite or upside down Stellar eee enone MC ean Aare constellation is depicted as a herdsman. The brightest Facts staris Arcturus, the third-brightest star in the night sky. fs I si In Greek mythology, oa Bodtes represents Arcas, son of ros Globular cluster M3PPM ME CR MM ECTS The “Triangle"s an asterism formed by stars Spica, Regulus and Arcturus. Constellations Virgo and Corvus both contain diamond The Sombrero Ea Ee ue ear ena cay i Mc a Ree ae aN ECC Ree ee ae Ona Ca ane cus kat Ea = (The Sail) y AN <3) ae anPe AAU a (YC) PRE cain actepene al enc aGrn people iets rc Ro eRe Mood CAT a Seem eC nese cee | Ne ts Feds at te nena TEL TT) Ne eo aaa he Cre Eee os Leo, the Lion r The Sickle Here are Pollux a Gemini, hiding lon nd Castor in aay, The Hambur (NGC 3628) s visible only in extremely dark skies.24 Cancer & The Beehive The stars in the constellation Cancer aren't very bright, making ita difficult constellation to identify. However, in the centre of eg EUR eet hc ace ieee eee Taira ey N Cancer means “crab’ in Latin, crc almost like a constellation within a constellation. Pollux and CastorEAU TEare eis ae eae ey een centage leh Seo ers Rap eck eee identified by the claw and the bright red star, Antares One side Pe Leon oO nace ccm ur called the Rake, while the other portion is sometimes referred to as either the Longshioreman’s Hook, or Maui's Fishhook. ; * The top star isknown as Graffias, a double star when viewed through atelescope. This bright red star, Antares, is often confused with the planet Mars. Antares literally means “anti-Mars.” Globular cluster M4 through telescope.26 The Omega Nebula & MCSA UCC Stellar Just to the left of Scorpius rests an asterism called the Teapot, Facts Bred Cm uence emcee cr me ed the sky is teeming with deep-sky objects, and is a wonderful eC MU ures eee CE Ley eh RS Clee Rec The Omega (or Swan) Nebula (M17) In Greek mythology, Sagittarius is an archer centaur; half man, half horse. ' ee ' a) PRN Ptolemy's Cluster (M7). 27 ait M22 & ite cgile Ae Mee Mm ACS Rg Ura op beatae ecu gee great targets for binoculars! When view Coes a Ee Lay or ran nose The Butterfly Clu: n through a tel luster (M6) h imaginary lines.28 Clusters M10 & M12 UCTS The huge constellation Ophiuchus forms a triangle with Scorpius and the Teapot. Ophiuchus is known for its lack of central bright stars. Itdoes, however, contain plenty of deep-sky treasures, including M9, M10, M12, M14 and M107 (all globular clusters). Ophiuchus means “serpent bearer!” Globular cluster M10 ae cr Globular cluster M1229 The Wild Duck Cluster OCT Stellar Like Orion, Aquila (the Eagle), is recognized by an alignment Faets Stee eae ie near by Tarazed and Alshain, The Wild Duck Clusters found pees ee eae ae ke ee ea aE ig Jol ole aerial er] Loe) Greek mythology, this is the eagle responsible for carrying Zeus’s The Wild Duck Cluster (M11) contains about tars!30 The Eagle Nebula (Mi6) SN TOM emcee g ues SeteM Cs eaee eee a cit eet Sal ee keer ty (right). The nebula is een Renu . etek lkesac len) lay need to use the stars in Bee Cee relics un ey ‘ atin Scutum means shield in Latin,me Mr Centauri. Came eu teens Cluster a = . ea Re Ca ae Cease ne ec ae Stellar Facts Nee Neen eae Ce (mT. - Beer orere tea te cnc ‘ Mag Globular clusters i are part of our galaxy, but Noe Rute RecuC Ane Raul no the Southern Cross and the bright star Rigel Kent (Alphaer A (esr ee te Ca oe eet aE Ure Lera eg : Bos inside our galaxy es = ES These objects. orbit the galaxy they'renot consider be in a region called \ the"Halo” \ enced ss ‘Omega Centauri through a telescope,YA eR SmE TTC & Cluster M56 Albireo is one of the most brilliant double stars in our sky. It is found in Cygnus, at the base of the The Northern Cross, a Rela ng occas RC inate A MMR os LRT Southern Hemisphere. Once you've found Albireo, globular Ae eae ec ey ane en Cygnus, the Swan Globular clust though isado star. The brighter colour, whereas Albireo ppears blue J x Cin flSMa EEL CATS Ca When you are able to identify Lyra, The Northern Cross and Aquila, it's time to put their brightest stars together ina star pattern known as the “Summer” Triangle (named for its prominance in the Northern Hemispheres summer). This pattern helps you navigate the night sky and locate several interesting telescope targets including Sagitta and globular Cem LAl nstellation -up of the small ta, "the arroy Globular cluster M71Oe ee PT EL LiLyi Merten seer Rate eh elec) BERT e RUSS a eV aloe ea Rs Pe dcemere erin siesta el DO eecg 1) Rey ‘ 4 Nebula means “cloud’ The Coath: . quent ger cs Dietetic een eC ear. ea ead in Latin. or ‘The Dumbbell Nebula (M27); LT Perec ATC Sc Tuner ns’ a pee leah m ae) CUTS a nae os Tene eM RU TSE eMule stasae Pe en cron Orbe Etat bats ee .- Clee ride net atm ule acae| eget’ in the’sky. . Globular Clust Pavo means peacock in Latin. itis alsoa sacred bird in Greek Mythology. Bry Aer36 Cluster M13 in Hercules tel one ES CRU nuk ee en ece oo From the Southern Hemisphere, it will be found above the Da et ne AOE Sue ee Aeon Te an alee Tt ane cee et eos SSMU RSet) (brilliant white). ‘eat Globular Cluster in cules (M13) is one ofthe brightest globular clusters The Keystone (asterism) Stellar Facts In Greek mythology, Hercules is the immortal son of Zeus.a 37 The “HI” Cluster “HI" is an open cluster located 1,400 light-years from Earth. Stellar Itis often called the “Summer Beehive" for its similarity to the Ee UUs Ru et Osa ae Facts Drs na aa eT) Alight-year is a unit of etd cre cee Rue cameo eee binoculars or a small telescope. When observing this cluster, many people see the letters "HI" written in the stars. What do Nt how far light travels in one year. The Summer Beehive (IC 4665) | through a telescopeSeptember October November POINT Te LOOKING SOUTH.BSTC RAUCH Pegasus is known by an asterism called the Great Square of eee a sed et acer telescope, but can be used as a guide to find other nearby targets, TRE ess Croan ese Ur eer doesn't rise very high in the sky for those at southern latitudes. Tracing out the shape of the flying horse, and identifying Rocce A DU ence aero Peet ge mR On gece Pegasus is a winged horse from Greek Mythology ° Ca RS Rg ies M15 through a telescope.OMe eT ER TIEN At only two million light-years away, the’*Andromeda Galaxy a the nearest galaxy to Earth (with the noted exception of Cer eae mse OM Reed re eae anes Bora en eT a amex BRN hie ele SMe ice a usec acids ees tase eee eT ea Andromedaisnamed fora princess in Gre Mythology. CT ere 5 Sea The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) through a smalitel pe This galaxy is a great target for binoculars, too!:The Helix Nebula is one of the closest planetary hebulae to Earth . CUTSCENE IO w.N cid sat Lo S eee Nuys onus eee 4 Rota ae Wisc wate ee nur eect sect Recor a anae i dest ee Rar eee eae eee eu aay Stellar Facts the constellations Caprieornus and Aquarius. rae In mythology, Aquarius is often depicted as a oma water carrier r ; a cerca Pritts The Helix nebula througha41 Head of the Whale One way to find the constellation Cetus, is to use the Vin Stellar SECO Ee Reale eee cece ULC Drege Re cnc uct an oot asterism called the “Head of the Whale”. Cetus hosts several Pea ee ee et ae) Cen ened The constellation Cetus isnamed fora fe) sea monster in Greek ox, Mythology. aL) ce STs ee Ny ay This is M77, one of ‘galaxies in thiCHAPTER 6 Tips and Tricks Remember, planets change position from night to night. Be sure to check software such as Stellarium to determine their current location.CYC a DPC artes any Rotana r ae cc) Orla Roke eke eho ea Maury ee occa an ae Bene Ctr ce accu t seit PCRS aru ame toe U Rasa esee rc) |) PR aces Mae aC Ta) Ra acess i This image of taken duringa flyby by the unmanned NASAsageRcraft named Stellar : Facts In astronomy, Mercury and Venus are called the inferior planets Reassdhinarranic™ ry Mercury through smalltelescope.Venus ere eee ele Se A aR cee after sunset and shortly before sunrise. Just ike Mercury, this eee ee OR UR UTES Aa ee iC ed Cone Moon. Because Venus appears white through a telescope, Eo uuu Aad teary Venusas it appears throu: small telesco} howit almost This image of Venus wastaken bytheunmanr. SMR eeree ner te an VEEL) Ree eee ten usenet hues cen) rise to around 20 degrees, With a day only 37 minutes longer . than on Earth, Mars is considered a prime location for human SE eo aun Eee eset ithhas just one per cent the atmospheric pressure of Earth. NASA has been operating robotic rovers on the surface of Mars RU ena oe al c you may be able Py aps and varying hues time, through a telescope, Mar: "1 like a bright red star.ee ica a eg ees cn Fe aaa ee eae aes Jupiter's four brightest moons, discovered by Galileo fer TURN eter ed fee ee et ee me rae ae you should also see at least two cloud belts. f you're eure Macc esse. able to see the "Great Red Spot.” Jupiter throu: a small telescope. The Great Red Spotis a storm thathas been raging on Jupiter hundreds of yearsSBT CRC rT Cy) See Jupiter's moons rer rend oe autem ker cu ce Kea Pec ae ye S Mo RCN CaN ea) hel Soe Caan ACI) the Solar System, having more than twice the mass of Earth’s moon, Europaiis the smallest of the four Galilean moons. Latest estimates project. that beneath an icy surface, there is an ‘ocean 100 kilometres deep. lo orbits most closely to Jupiter. It sports more than 4400 active volcanoes! Due to the amount of volcanic activity, lo surface features frequently change. lohas almost no meteor craters because lava fills them soon after they are formed.SST Saturn is probably the single most fantastic thing that can be Beer ae Rae hones Sn Ss een Saturn through a telescope. ene ae eR M See The most spectacular thing about Saturn is its rings. Visible in Se ea eR ee Rad Pome OM ace aa eae) gap in the rings. This gap is called the Cassini Division Dysistels oe Si) 5/09) eae cy dali uiinis else sis planes ‘On most nights, you should be able to see Saturn's largest moon, Titan. But on really clear nights or with larger telescopes, you should be able to see several other moons, such as Rhea, This image of Saturn was taken Dione and Tethys. during a flyby by the unmanned NASA spacecraft named Cassinioy TT rr on a tadod Visible details, theice giant Uranus has several Feet eM Race Gia are a ocean cya kar ed PS to ce Mc sel) Uranus also has 27 known moons. If you have a fairly large eee RTS estou cee Cae Car eee aes Despite it looking very small through the averag A telescope, youshould be able to make out the distinct blue-green disk DIFFICULTY (exexe)aT Meee oa eRe eee distant. That's four hours at the speed of light! Its orbit is so iC aC ON Aa ue kee Dea ee WE etc ea ee ae Rese cece kecs and Uranus averages -216 Celsius. Thisis why these planets are nicknamed the “ice giants.” Through a telescope, Neptune is clearly blue. You should also be able to n, Neptune's largest moon, Neptune has 13 known moons. The largest is named Triton. You might be wondering why Pluto doesn’t h a That's because Pluto is so small and so dim that it is extremely challenging50 Comets Nicknamed “dirty snowballs,” comets are made mainly of ice and Cra ee eT ee ea the form of a long (and sometimes colourful) tail. When a bright eee eater ae eat Lot Ke ite a Ree ANT UR Uc C oR aol oe Cont Priore eRe Ro seis] ‘Acomet through atelescopeaT 0S Ce ene eee mainly between Mars and Jupiter in the “asteroid belt.” ASTERISM: A pattern of stars within a constellation. Asterisms er oe eb meee any Pm ou acc aeons OS CD ek eee ses ea) Pee ci ea eure often host stargazing parties and lectures from prominent Pee ea Rut ec an Re are ey fol at ool cel eee eee ey Decne ce eee Poe an ae Ret Sn eee ee ees pattern. Tohelp classify stars by location, ancient astronomers, divided the sky into 88 distinct regions called constellations. Se ee ea eee ceed Dee eon eee oe eee eee ue eee ser Pon es ae Nn) DEEP-SKY OBJECT: A stargazing target that resides outside ren ume era ee ost ecru tcc stem acc ets Ce eet eed eee) ECLIPTIC: The apparent path the Sun takes through the sky throughout the year. The Moon and planets are always found Dee CN ea ea eC ed Peete eet ea a ae eee Lod cc tua ta Cote eR ene neat ny Bere ca eau EG Noa Pero te eee Ce ea Peeler ee neta eee aa PE cannes MESSIER LIST: The most interesting (and easiest to find) Ceo teu Eran} eee ed Dar fas SMe Kc A ce eae oo) Cesta neme eet ao NEBULA: A giant cloud of gas and dust. Some nebulae are formed after a supemova, when a star explodes. Others are ene eae eee ee ete een gas erent eee ae Coa} OPEN CLUSTER: A group of stars that formed around the ee ‘ORBIT: The curved pathan object such asa planet, moon or pera ee ea ote em eee ens Cee oe cee tae us uae er the Sun, Planets orbit stars and moons orbit planets. Dana ee ed Peete Hea cee Ca ee a a considered a planet, a world must be massive enough to be etre ee see Ne ee cco aon produces energy by nuclear reactions. Our Sunis astar, as are etn reed eer ee ete Per ie et ae ete along with the eight planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets and everything else that revolves around it