STANDARD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRIC WORKS

CIVIL WORKS

( SPECIFICATION )

ROADS AND PAVEMENTS

TRANSCO STANDARD : S-TR-CIVIL-ROAD (REV.0-2018)

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CONTENTS

1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 3
2 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 3
2.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Road Build-up and Sections .............................................................................................. 3
2.2.1 Embankments .................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Geotextile .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.3 Black Sand......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.4 Sub-grade .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.5 Improved Sub-grade (if required)...................................................................................... 6
2.2.6 Aggregate Base Course ..................................................................................................... 6
2.2.7 Sub-base ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.8 Bituminous Base Course ................................................................................................... 8
2.2.9 Bituminous Binder Course ................................................................................................ 8
2.2.10 Wearing Course ................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Material ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3.1 Material For Bituminous Paving Courses ......................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Prime and Tack Coats...................................................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Shoulders ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Execution ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 12
2.4.2 Tests and Properties......................................................................................................... 13
2.4.3 Surface Tolerances .......................................................................................................... 14
2.4.4 Site Tests ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.5 Roads and Walkways with Interlocking Paving Blocks ................................................. 14
2.6 Precast Concrete Kerbs ................................................................................................... 15
2.7 Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks: ............................................................................. 15
2.8 Temporary Access Roads within the Site Compound ..................................................... 17
2.9 Road Marking .................................................................................................................. 17
2.10 Gravelled Areas ............................................................................................................... 18
2.11 Street and Plot Lighting................................................................................................... 18

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ROADS AND PAVEMENTS

1 GENERAL
This part of the Specification shall cover all items related to roads, pavements and revetment
protection works for the Project. Works shall include all items required for the tendered Project,
as well as all auxiliary works.
All works shall further be carried out in full compliance with all local rules and regulations and
the Specification shall further be read, if applicable for the Project
For applicable technical standards, tests, reference shall be made to:
 S-TR-CIVIL-GEN - General Requirements
(Applicable Technical Standards, Tests, etc.)

2 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 General
This article applies to bituminous roads and pavements as well as to concrete and concrete block
roads and pavements.
Roads and pavements specified hereunder shall include the construction of all roads and
pavements within the construction site or if so specified, outside the construction area to line and
levels as directed by TRANSCO.
All site roads shall be laid to falls leading to storm water soaking, or surface drainage if possible.

2.2 Road Build-up and Sections

For Road Build-up and Sections, reference shall be made to the below listed drawings, which are
provided in the Drawings Section.
Drawing No. Title
DWG TR CIV 11 01 Typical Road Details (Sheet 1 of 3)
DWG TR CIV 11 02 Typical Road Details (Sheet 2 of 3)
DWG TR CIV 11 03 Typical Road Details (Sheet 3 of 3)

a) The build-up for internal roads, road class “E” with low volume of traffic, shall be as
follows:
 Embankment at least prepared up to 30 cm depth
 Sub-grade at least 20 to 30 cm thickness
 Sub-base at least 20 cm thick
 Aggregates Base Course normally 15 cm thick

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 Bituminous Base Course normally .9 cm thick

 Wearing Course normally 6 cm thick

b) Roads that require Municipality and / or Public Works Department Approval, road class “D”
within the range of 300 to 1000 passenger / car equivalents”, shall be as follows:
 Embankment at least prepared up to 30 cm depth
 Geotextile
 Sub-grade 20 to 30 cm thickness
 Sub-base at least 20 cm thick
 Bituminous Base Course normally .10 cm thick
 Binder normally 7 cm thick
 Wearing Course normally 5 cm thick

c) Roads in areas with high groundwater level, the build-up shall be as follows:
 Embankment at least prepared up to 30 cm depth
 Geotextile
 Crushed Black Sand at least 5 cm thickness
 Improved Rock Sub-grade at least 35 cm thickness
 Sub-base at least 20 cm thickness
 Aggregate Base Course at least 20 cm thickness
 Bituminous Base Course at least 10 cm thickness
 Binder normally 7 cm thick
 Wearing Course normally 5 cm thick

2.2.1 Embankments
Embankments shall be installed on top of the existing natural ground. . Thickness of this layer
shall be at least 30 cm. No surfacing above the embankment shall be placed on any surface until
it has been thoroughly cleaned and finished to the lines, levels and cross sections required.
Material
To be A-1-a or A1-b or A-2-4 in accordance with AASHTO classification.
Compaction
The compacted density of the soil shall be equal to or greater than 95% M.D.D., with no single
value below 92%.
Source of Materials

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Materials should comply with the AASHTO classification and borrow areas shall be approved by
the local authorities and TRANSCO.

2.2.2 Geotextile
The geotextile used shall be woven or non-woven type, containing an UV-inhibitor and shall be
resistant to naturally occurring acids, alkalis, seawater, and other aggressive substances in the
ground. Geotextiles shall be covered at all times between manufacture and installation, when
temporary exposure shall not exceed 24 hours.
Minimum properties of the proposed Geotextile shall be as follows:
PROPERTIES TEST METHOD LIMIT UNIT
Unit Weight Nominal 190 g/m2
Thickness under - 2 kN/m2 0.56 Mm
- 20 kN/m2 Calculated average 0.52 Mm
- 200 kN/m2 0.48 Mm
Strip Test 5 cm elongation at max. load DIN 53857/ 9.8 kN/m
ISO 5081 32 %
Strip Test 10 cm folded elongation at max. load DIN 53837-2 12 kN/m
38 %
10 cm width restraint elongation at max. load SN 198461 (EMPA)
Wide width 50 cm elongation at max load
Grab Strength ASTM 1682, 1000 N
mod 200 mm
Elongation at maximum load >60 %
Plunger CBR DIN 54307 1850 N
Burst Strength ASTM D- 3786 1700 kN/m2
Trapezoidal Tear Strength ASTM D-1117 460 N
Cone Penetration ScRLI 23 mm
Puncture Resistance ASTM D-3787 335 N
Permeability Coefficient “k” Under 2 kN/m2 6.5 10-4ms-1
EMPA/ITF
Under 200 kN/m2 5 10-4 ms-1
Permitivity Under 2 kN/m2 EMPA/ITF 1.1 s-1
Under 2 kN/m2 0.9 s-1
Flow Rate at 10 cm Head DE VORST 1 1/ms

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Transitivity Under 2 kN/m2 10-6 ms-1

EMPA
Under 200 kN/m2 10-6 ms-1

2.2.3 Black Sand

A layer of “Crushed Black Sand” shall be placed between the embankment and the sub-grade on
top of the geotextile. Aggregate material must not be dumped directly on the geotextile fabric,
nor shall hauling trucks drive directly on the membrane.

2.2.4 Sub-grade
Before placing sub-grade material a layer of a suitable, approved geotextile shall be placed on
the existing ground.
Sub-grade material shall be classified as A-1-a, A-1-B, A-2-4 according AASHTO and shall
have after 4 days soaking a CBR of not less than 30%, as tested according to BS 1377, test No.
16, when compacted t 95% MDD.
Compaction of sub-grade shall be facilitated by means of a 10 to 12 ton approved roller. Rolling
shall continue until an appropriate degree of compaction with no value below 98%. Moisture
shall be added where required. The formation shall be shaped and graded to an even and
uniform, well-filled surface, shaped similarly to the finished surface of the road. Soft places shall
be cut out and filled with approved material to the correct level after consolidating.

2.2.5 Improved Sub-grade (if required)

Improved rock sub-grade shall consist of courses of approved; well graded coarse rock materials
and fines in placed in conformity with the lines, grades, thickness and grading shown on the
approved drawings.

2.2.6 Aggregate Base Course

Aggregate base course shall be installed on top of the sub-base. Thickness of this layer shall be
at least 20 cm.
No surfacing above the base course shall be placed on any surface until it has been thoroughly
cleaned and finished to the lines, levels and cross sections required.
Material properties to be the same as for the sub base. Material shall however, consist of a
uniform mix of crushed gravel and rock, with sand, silt and clay.
Physical Requirements
 Loss of Sodium Sulphate Soundness Test (AASHTO T 104) 10% maximum
 Loss of Magnesium Sulphate Soundness Test (AASHTO T 104) 10% maximum
 Loss by Abrasion Test (AASHTO T 96) 40% maximum
 Thin and Elongated Pieces by Weight
(larger than 1 inch thickness less than 1/5 length) 5%

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 Friable Particles (AASHTO T 112) 0.25%

2.2.7 Sub-base
The sub-base shall normally be 20 cm thick and shall be placed in two layers. The layers shall be
properly compacted to an extent not less than specified under “Tests and Properties”.
Placing of the sub-base material shall normally and where possible be facilitated by a mechanical
spreader of approved type, ensuring that no segregation occurs. Loads of material shall be spread
outside the area on which it is spread. The layers compacted shall show only slight or no
movement under a roller or vibrating roller.
Materials
Class B sub-base shall consist of a uniform mixtures of gravel and/or stone fragments with sand,
silt and clay, conforming to the following requirements:
AASHTO Sieve Percent Passing
2” 100
1.5” 70 – 100
1” 55 – 85
¾” 50 – 80
3/8” 40 – 70
No. 4 30-60
No. 10 20 – 50
No. 40 10 – 30
No. 200 5 – 15

The grading shall be based on aggregates of uniform specific gravity. The percentage passing are
subject to adjustment by TRANSCO when aggregates of varying gravity are used.
 Liquid Limit (AASHTO T 89) 25 Maximum
 Plasticity Index (AASHTO T 90) 4 Maximum
 Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T 176) 25 Minimum
 Loss By A brassion (AASHTO T 96) 40 Maximum
 Maximum Dry Density(AASHTO T186) 2.0 gr/cc min.
 CBR on remoulded sample(BS 1377 Test 16) after 4 days soaking 80%
Compaction
Sub-base shall be compacted to an average of 100% of the M.D.D. as determined according to
AASHTO T 180 Method D, with no single value below 98%.

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Minimum Test Requirements: One sample every 1,000 m3 shall be tested for Grading, Plasticity
Index, Sand Equivalent, Maximum Dry Density, and C.B.R, Loss by Abrasion.
In Situ Density tests shall be done for every 300 m2 of Granular Sub-base laid.

2.2.8 Bituminous Base Course

Bituminous base courses of at least 10 cm thickness shall be executed to the correct levels and to
the specified longitudinal and cross profiles. The asphalt cement content by weight of the dry
aggregate shall be 3.4 to 4.5%.

2.2.9 Bituminous Binder Course

A binder course of at least 7 cm thickness shall be placed on top of the bituminous base course
The asphalt cement content by weight of the dry aggregate shall be 3.75 to 5%.
Only finishers of approved quality shall execute placing of binder and wearing course and only
exceptionally may TRANSCO accept at his discretion the application of premix bitumen
macadam by other means.

2.2.10 Wearing Course

A wearing course of at least 5 cm thickness shall then be placed in one layer above the binder
course. Special care shall be taken to obtain the exact required binder content. Time of placing
the wearing course shall be co-ordinated with TRANSCO.
The asphalt cement content by weight of the dry aggregate shall be 3.75 to 5%.
In a case where TRANSCO is in doubt that the wearing course and binder will close properly, he
may also order a tack coat on the binder course or parts of the binder course. Costs for this shall
be included in the offer. The Bidder/Contractor at his own expense shall maintain adequate
protection of all Work during and after construction.

2.3 Material
All mineral materials used in road construction shall be weather-proof, of adequate density,
watertight and of sufficient adhesion to bind. Materials shall not contain any swelling,
weathered, loamy clays, salty or other organic components in harmful quantities.
Concrete works shall be carried out in accordance with Standard Specifications, Part:
 S-TR-CIVIL-CONCRETE - Concrete and Reinforced Concrete

Bituminous mixes shall be blended to be suitable for the purpose of application. Special
consideration shall be given to climatic and local conditions, e.g. volume and type of traffic.
Bearing these considerations in mind, the proposal of the composition of the mix is left to the
discretion of the Bidder/Contractor.

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Bituminous binders shall completely surround the mineral grains and guarantee permanent
adhesion. Temperatures of mineral materials and binders shall be selected in a way to avoid
harmful influence on the mix and to guarantee smooth processing of the mix.

2.3.1 Material For Bituminous Paving Courses

 Coarse Aggregates
Coarse aggregates, which is the material retained on an AASHTO No.4 sieve, shall consist of
crushed rock or crushed gravel with the following requirements:
- Flakiness and the elongation : shall not exceed 30%
- Los Angeles Abrasion : not more than 25 as AASHTO T 96
- Crushing Value : not more than 25 as BS 812-Part 3
- Water Absorption : not more than 2% as B.S.812
- Soundness : not more than 5% as AASHTO T 104
 Fine Aggregates
Fine aggregates shall consist of the portion of the total aggregates that passes on AASHTO No.4
sieve.
- Maximum Value of Water Absorption shall be 2% in accordance to BS 812
- Plasticity Index : no plastic as AASHTO T 90.
 Combined Aggregates
The requirements for the combined aggregates should comply with the following:
- Specific Gravity : minimum 2.65 g/m3
- Sand Equivalent : 70 (minimum, AASHTO T 176)
- Plasticity Index : no plastic (AASHTO T 90).
Limits for the aggregate grading for bituminous road build-up shall be:
SIEVE SIZES TOTAL PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT
SQUARE OPENINGS
Mm “ Base Course Binder Course Wearing Course
38.1 1-½ 100 -
25.4 1 70 – 100 100
19.0 ¾ 62 – 92 80 – 100 100
12.7 ½ 63 – 85 80 – 100
9.51 3/8 45 – 75 57 – 77 65 – 85
3.76 No. 4 30 – 55 40 – 60 46 – 63
2.00 No. 10 20 – 40 25 – 45 30 – 50

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0.84 No. 20 15 – 30 18 – 33 22 – 38
0.42 No. 40 10 – 20 13 – 25 15 – 27
0.177 No 80 6 – 15 8 – 17 10 – 20
0.074 No. 200 2–8 5 – 10 5 – 12

The grading indicated give the extreme limits, which shall determine the suitability of aggregates
from all sources of supply.
Asphalt
Asphalt for Bituminous Paving Courses shall be Asphalt Cement Grade 40-50 and shall conform
to the requirements of AASHTO Designation M 20-70.
Specifications for Asphalt Cement:
Penetration Grades
Min. Max
Penetration at 25°C, 100g 5sec 40 50
Flash point, Cleveland Open Cup, °F 450
Ductility at 25°C, 5cmper min. cm 100
Solubility in trichloroethylene percent 99
Loss on heating % 0.8
Penetration of residue at 25°C 5 cm per min cm 58
Standard Naphta solvent
Naphta-rylene solvent, percent rylene Negative for all grades
Naphta-rylene solvent, percent rylene

2.3.2 Prime and Tack Coats

Prime coats shall be applied after placing the sub-base and shall be cured for at least 48 hours.
Bituminous material for the prime coat shall be applied in quantities of at least 0.7, not
exceeding however, 1.5 l/m2.
Tack coats shall be applied following the preparation of the surfaces of bituminous base and
binder courses. Curing time shall be at least 1 hour.
Tack coats shall be applied in quantities of at least 0.3, not exceeding, however 0.6 l/m2.
Exact quantities shall be determined at Site and adjusted to the field conditions.

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Temperatures
 Aggregate ingredient shall be heated to a temperature between 160 and 179oC
 Asphalt cement shall be heated to a temperature between 146 and 156oC at mixing time
 All bituminous mixtures shall leave the paver at a temperature of not less than 150oC
 Prime Coat (MC-70) between 50 and 80oC
 Tack Coat (SS-1 or RS-1) between 10 and 50oC.
Joints
Longitudinal joints in asphalt courses shall be offset by at least 300mm in relation to the
longitudinal joints of the underlying course.
Longitudinal joints of the final course, whether surface or finishing course, shall be located of a
lane or at the joints between two adjacent lanes.
Transverse joints in succeeding layers shall be offset by at least 2m. The same shall apply when
new pavement is laid in contact to an existing, which will be cut back in steps, 2m wide in each
of its layers.
At transverse joints the previously laid work shall be cut to a vertical edge. Before laying the
material against it, the vertical edge be painted with hot bitumen.
Minimum number of joints to be exercised/considered during execution.
Compaction of Mixtures
After spreading and strike-off, the rolling operation by pneumatic and steel roller shall start
immediately and shall operate as close as possible to the paver without excessive tearing. Rolling
will not be prolonged till cracks appear.
The asphalt layer shall be compacted to a minimum degree of 98% of compaction.
Thickness Cores
Depth of each bituminous paving course shall be measured by cored samples. Spacing of
samples shall be one sample for 600 m2, with a minimum of three samples for each site.
The Bidder/Contractor shall furnish and operate an approved core drill for cutting samples from
the compacted mixture on the road. The equipment shall be capable of cutting the mixture
without shattering the edges of the specimen or otherwise disturbing the density of the specimen.
Samples shall be 10 cm2 (nominal) and cored samples shall be 10 cm in diameter (nominal).
The Bidder/Contractor shall cut samples and fill and compact all test holes at his own expense
before the next asphaltic layer is laid and immediately after they are opened in case of the
Wearing Course.

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2.3.3 Shoulders
Shoulders shall be constructed of approved materials in accordance with the relevant
specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and cross sections shown on the approved
drawings.
The top portions of shoulders shall be constructed of base course material and furnished and
placed under bottom base course and top levelling course. The top portion of a shoulder shall be
constructed as an integral part of the road bed base course.
Before any sub-grade shall be approved, the adjacent shoulder shall be constructed to the full
width and at least to the level of the furnished sub-grade. In all cases where sub-grade rolling is
required, the rolling shall be extended for the full width of the shoulder.
All shoulder construction shall be done in proper sequence with and as an integral part of the
base course construction or as directed. At all times, construction shall be carried out in such a
way that the sub-grade, shoulders and adjacent slopes and ditches will be drained effectively and
adequately.
Any loose stones and rock fragments larger than permitted by TRANSCO, dragged to the surface
during construction shall be deposited on the embankment slopes or as directed by TRANSCO.
Upon completion of the base course, the adjacent shoulder shall be given final shaping, as
directed. The completed shoulders shall be true to alignment and grade and shaped in conformity
with the section shown on the plans. Completed shoulders shall be cleaned of any accumulations,
reconditioned as necessary and maintained until the final inspection.

2.4 Execution

2.4.1 General
Super structural courses with bitumen binder or made of concrete may only be executed during
rainfall and at high or low temperatures if special measures are taken to ensure that the quality of
Work is not adversely effected.
The bituminous mix shall not be placed during dusty, foggy and rainy weather.
The bituminous mix as well as the concrete mix shall be evenly placed by mechanical spreader
on a clean base in a manner that it does not become segregated. Seams of the various courses and
layers shall be sufficiently staggered against each other. On the wearing course, seams shall be
executed straight, longitudinal seams if necessary being adapted to the road alignment.
Each course or layer shall be sufficiently compacted evenly over the entire surface.
The exact percentage of bituminous binder shall be determined in the mix design in the proposed
mix formula on the basis of its state in the Aggregate Resource Report.

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2.4.2 Tests and Properties

For the non-bituminous courses of the road, following properties shall be proven:
 Gradation of the Sub-grade and Sub-base
 CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
 For embankment ≥ 10%
 For sub-grade ≥ 30%
 For sub-base and base course ≥ 80%
 Proctor density of compacted materials
 20 cm below sub-grade ≥ 96% simple proctor
 Sub base and Base course and shoulder ≥ 100% simple proctor.
 Ratio of salts and other potentially damaging ingredients.
For the bituminous courses, following properties tests shall be proven in addition:

PROPERTIES BITUMINOUS BITUMINOUS BITUMINOUS

BASE COURSE BINDER COURSE WEARING COURSE
Number of Compaction Blows each end of 75 75 75
specimen by freely held Marshall Hammer
Stability (Marshall) minimum in kg 900 1300 1500
Flow (Marshall) in mm 2–4 2–4 2–4
Stiffness minimum in kg/mm2 400 450 450
Percent air voids 4–8 4–8 4–8
Percent voids in mineral aggregates minimum 13 13 14
% (V.M.A.)
Percent voids filled with asphalt cement 60 – 70 60 – 70 60 – 70
Loss of Marshall stability by submerging
specimens in water at 60 C for 24 hrs com-
max. 25% max. 25% max. 25%
pared to stability measured after submersion
in water at 60 C for 20 minutes.
(Tests for grading shall be made in accordance with the gradation specified.)
Aggregates shall be tested at a rate of at least one sample from each stockpile for every 1000 m3.
Bituminous mixtures shall be tested at a rate of at least one sample from for every 200 tons of
mixture used.
Loss of Marshall stability shall be tested at a rate of at least one sample from every 10,000 tons
of mixture used.

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2.4.3 Surface Tolerances

2.4.3.1 Non Bituminous Courses

The thickness and cross section as shown on the plans shall not vary more than -5 mm to +10
mm from the required elevation.

2.4.3.2 Bituminous Courses

Maximum variations allowed shall be:
 Base Course : 4 mm
 Binder Course : 4 mm
 Wearing Course : 3 mm.
Measurements shall be taken a “3 m straight edge” laid in any direction for Base and Binder
Course. For the Wearing course, measurement shall be taken by a Travelling Beam Device
furnished with an Autographic Recorder Unit on the longitudinal direction, along each travelled
lane and across the travelled lane by a “3 m straight edge”.
Any deviation detected that exceeds the indicated tolerances shall be corrected by removing the
defective part and replacing it through new material in line with TRANSCO’s directions.

2.4.4 Site Tests

For each consignment delivered to Site, current test certificates for the asphalt cement used shall
be provided, indicating at least compliance with AASHTO M 20-70. Additionally, at least one
penetration test according to AASHTO T49-80 and one ring ball test shall be carried out. Failure
of any of these tests shall mean that the entire consignment shall be rejected.
The following to be checked:
 Temperature of the mix and consistency (one sample for each 200 tonnes)
 Thickness and degree of compaction for asphalt layer coring.

2.5 Roads and Walkways with Interlocking Paving Blocks

Alternatively, roads and walkways may be constructed with interlocking paving blocks or
concrete panels.
The construction for roads and walkways shall be in accordance with approved standard profiles
and shall consist in particular of:
Sub-grade of a depth shall be not less than 30 cm (provided and compacted in two layers). The
minimum required degree of compaction shall amount to 95% of standard proctor density.
Sub-base shall have a minimum thickness after compaction as per standard profile.
Preparation and testing of sub-grade and sub-base shall be made as defined above.
One layer of polyethylene sheet, thickness 0.25mm/gauge1000 shall be placed on top of the
prepared sub-base to avoid penetration of rising damp into the interlocking blocks. The finished

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surface shall be true to the levels shown on the drawings or directed by TRANSCO within a
tolerance of 8 mm in 3 m.
After compaction, shoulders and table drains shall be trimmed to the required cross-sections. The
surfacing shall be executed to the elevations, lines and levels proposed by the Bidder/Contractor
and approved by TRANSCO.
The radius shall be 1½ times of the width of the road referring to the centre-line of the road or as
directed by TRANSCO.

2.6 Precast Concrete Kerbs

Shall be half battered 200 mm in width by 400 mm deep by (600 to 800 length) or similar to the
approval of TRANSCO. They shall be made from non-reinforced concrete grade C30. Cement
type V as per AASHTO M85-70 shall be used. Smoothly finished, free from defects, of uniform
color and appearance, thoroughly cured before delivery. No broken, cracked or otherwise
damaged units shall be used in the Work. All bedding, jointing and pointing in cement mortar
and concrete C 20 in haunching and foundations shall be included in the offer for the permanent
work.

2.7 Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks:

a. General: Interlocking paving blocks shall be coloured pre-cast paving blocks from approved
manufacturer. Their thickness shall be 6 cm for sidewalks and footpaths and 8 cms for
vehicular area.
b. Constituent materials specification: The constituent materials shall comply with the
following requirements:

1. Cement: The cement to be used in the manufacturer of paving blocks shall be sulphate
resisting Portland cement type-V in accordance with ASTM C150.

2. Aggregates: the aggregates to be used in the manufacturer of the paving blocks shall be
from crushed rocks and from approved sources, conforming to the requirements of
BS882. The sand shall be washed and free from deleterious substances. The aggregates
shall not contain harmful material such as coal, mica, shale or similar laminated materials
which cause strength deterioration.

3. water: the water to be used in mixing and curing the pre-cast concrete blocks shall be of
drinking quality, clean and free from injurious substance of sewage, oil, strong alkalis,
vegetable, matter, clay and other such substance harmful to the finished product.

4. Pigment: pigment to be used in manufacturing of pre-cast concrete interlocking blocks

shall be in the form of dry. Soft powder and shall not contain chemical compounds
capable of affecting adversely the setting and development of strength of the cement and
other properties of the finished products and shall be compatible with other admixtures
used in the same mix.

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c. Design Mix: the design mix shall comply with the following requirements:

1. combined aggregate grading: the combined aggregate grading shall satisfy the following
limits:

Limit
Dia.
( % passing)
8.00 100
4.75 72-82
2.36 41-61
118 25-46
0.60 16-31
0.13 8-17
0.15 3-8
0.075 0-3
 Note :
a) Smooth, non-gab graded curve is expected.
b) Central tendency should be attempted.

2. Cement Content: the cement content shall be in the range 420 kg/m3 – 430 kg/m3.

3. Water Cement (w/c) Ratio: the water cement ratio shall fall within the limits 0.40-0.42.

4. Pigment Content: the pigment content shall not exceed 10% by mass of cement.

d. Physical and Mechanical Properties: the physical and mechanical properties of the
interlocking concrete blocks shall conform to the following requirements:

1. a) Average Bulk Density (T/m3):  2.375 (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

b) Minimum Bulk Density (T/m3): = 2.330 (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

2. a) Average Bulk/Apparent Density Ratio  0.88 (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

b) Minimum Bulk/Apparent Density Ratio = 2.330 (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

3. a) Average Water Absorption (%)  5 % (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

b) Minimum Water Absorption (%) = 5.5 % (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

4. a) Average Compressive Strength  52 MN/m2 (min. 48 hrs. immersion).

b) Minimum Compressive Strength = 47 MN/m2 (min. 48 hrs. immersion). (DIN 18-
501).

5. Abrasion Resistance Test: the abrasion resistance of the interlocking pre-cast concrete
blocks, when tested as per ASTM C418, shall not have volume loss greater than 15 cm3
per 50 cm2 and the average thickness loss shall not exceed 3 mm.

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6. Flexural strength: the interlocking pre-cast concrete blocks shall comply with the
following: flexural strength requirements:
a) Average flexural Strength  5 N/mm2 (Dry).
b) Minimum flexural Strength = 4.5 N/mm2 (Dry). (NEN 700 = Netherlands’s standards )

7. At least 4 out of 5 of all tested specimens shall meet the average criteria for all physical
and mechanical properties specified.

e. Dimensional tolerance: The length or width of each unit shall not differ by more than ± 1.6
mm from the designated dimensions. The height of each unit shall not differ by more than ±
3.2 mm from the specified standard dimensions.
f. Curing and handling: the freshly produced blocks shall be cured for a minimum of 72 hours
in a wet condition or steam cured for at least 24 hours. Consignments shall not be transported
to respective sites sooner than one week after completion of the curing process.
g. Quality control assurance: the quality control assurance program shall comply with these
particular specification.

2.8 Temporary Access Roads within the Site Compound

The Bidder/Contractor shall execute temporary access roads to the site compound according to
the character of the existing soil conditions and as the Project requires. These roads shall be used
as access to the working places by the Bidder/Contractor for transporting the equipment.
The execution of each road shall be made as follows:
 Sub-grade shall be prepared as per relevant description
 Base: compacted subkha/gatch layers, thickness adequate to carry heavy trucks
 Finishing shall be made by spraying suitable means on the surface of the roads.
At regular intervals, the road construction shall be checked. Portions found damaged or with
uneven surface shall be repaired at Bidder’s/Contractor’s expense. Costs for these temporary
roads shall be included in the bid.

2.9 Road Marking

Road markings shall be applied wherever necessary or as directed by TRANSCO to control and
direct the traffic.
The Bidder/Contractor shall prepare working drawing(s) showing the pavements markings for
TRANSCO’s approval prior to the start of any of his pre-marking operations.
Road markings shall be as thermoplastic per BS 3262 “Specification for Road Marking
Materials”(superimposed type). Material used shall be light colored aggregate, pigment and
extender, bound by hard wearing resins and –if and where required – plastizised with oil as
necessary, in following approximate proportions by weight:
 Aggregate 40 parts
(This is the approximate composition
 Ballotini 20 parts of the material as laid; sprayed-on

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Roads and Pavements

 Pigment and Extender 20 parts ballotini are included)

 Binder 20 parts

Markings shall be sprayed on the road in an even thickness of 2.0 mm.

2.10 Gravelled Areas

All areas within each Station plot which are not asphalted nor covered by paving blocks or
structures/buildings shall be spread with 10 cm thickness of crushed or natural gravel (32 -
51 mm), raked smooth and even, laid and compacted to the required levels as directed by
TRANSCO.
This shall also apply to entire gantry area(s) around all foundations and roads/walkways, unless
other covering has been specifically specified and approved.

2.11 Street and Plot Lighting

For the illumination of roads and all other external areas of the substation plot, reference is made
to the Standard Technical Specification, Part:
 S-TR-STRL - Street Lighting Poles including Accessories
For typical light pole foundations reference shall be made to the below listed drawing, which are
provided in the Drawings Section.
Drawing No. Title
DWG TR CIV 12 01 Light Pole Foundation Details

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