Rocla SEWER PIPE MANUAL SULPHUR OXIDISING BACTERIA LIVING ON ff SEWER WALLS 1 (~~ (H,8 +20, H,S0,) HS WOLATILE) QZ i .%, = ae S=+Ht HS” SEHtS= NO FREE DISSOLVED OXYGEN. wfey Sha fsDetermination of the type ot Kocla sewer pipe required to meet the demands of your sewerage system.Introduction to the Rocla sewer pipe Unlike normal stormwater drainage systems, fh which the composition ofthe flow i reasonably Constant and non aggresive, sewerage ystems are Tequited to handle a wide range of effluents which can range from non aggresive through to very highly agressive Rocla has developed a range of concrete sewer pipes to match these conditions and allow the designer to Choose the most economic pipeline system to suit the sewage low. All Rocla sewer pipes are produced from hard dense impermeabie concrete and supplied with a flexible rubber ring joint. Standard pipes wil accept hydrostatic fest head of 90KPa, but higher heads are available on request The Rocla sewer pipe range To provide fr the range of sewerage aggressivity that the designer nay encounter, Rola sewer pipes are avaliable in ive ferent types "ypeSA Sigh aggressive conditions (ieeous aggregates with 25mm Internal ove) Milly aggresive condions (ype Sh wih a ational sata layer duly agressive condtions (cteareous aggregate wi 25mm cover). Highly aggresive conditions (type CA with an adltional sri yen, er highly aggresive conditions (compost ayer pipe or PVC lined pipe) ‘ype SASL ‘Type CA Type CASL Composite pipe Siliceous aggregate, calcareous aggregate and ‘composite pipes are available in the following nominal diameters, 450, 525, 600, 675, 750, 825, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350, 1500, 1650 and 1800mm. Other sizes both larger and smaller are available in certain regions. Due to the need for sacrificial layers on the inside surface of some types of pipe the actual internal iameter may be less than the nominal diameter. then this is critical to flow conditions actual details should be obtained from your local Rocla sales office, Pipes will be supplied according to the loading classes as specified in Australian Standard AS4058 but stronger classes can be produced if required, ‘To assist the designer in determining the aggressivity of the sewerage flow in the system considered and to specify the type of Racla sewer pipe best suited, reference should be made to the section on "Selection of Rocla Sewer Pipe". For pipeline sections that are clearly non aggressive, such as those that always run full, standard pressure or RR) drainage pipe (siliceous aggregate with 10 to 20mm {internal cover) are acceptable. Notes to Table 1: |. All dimensions are nominal li, Actual intemal diameters are for SA and CA pipes with 25mm internal cover only. ‘Table 1; Standard Dimension for types SA and CA pipe. Nominal Diameter | Outside Diameter Internal Diameter (mm) of barrel (mm) Barrel (mm) Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 450. 533 439 425 41s 525 616 508 502 496 600 699 585 371 565 675 787 667 653 641 0 870 742 724 704 825 946 806 796 786 900 1043 903 883 873 1050 1194 1044 1024 1004 1200 1365 1195 1175 1185) 1350 1524 1344 1314 1294 1500 1689 1499 1469 1439 1650 1854 1644 1614 1584 1800 2019) 1799) 1769 1739Sewage attack on pipeline The corrosion rate on the internal surface of the sewer pipe isnot only determited by the typeof Roca fever pipe selected, but more importantly by the Composition and hence aggresshity ofthe sewerage iselt The following information will alow the designer to determine the possible augeesivity of the sewerage and is potential conosion of the pipeline over the selected life of the stem, Information has been provided for 50,73 ond 100 year lt eters. The designer needs fo determine number of parameters tO define the sewage and needs to a9 the wverage ow onditins How's not sat vl wary ona aly cyte andl more importantly vary ove the projected Ife a the syste. aly in ise the ows il generally be low unt ne atea Te services Is fully developed Changes of nd occupancy, such # chengesin proportions and nature of industries, may effect iggtesivity ofthe sewage. Where posible, the designer should consider all these factors in assessing theaverage design flow conditions and the determination af the most cial condition. The methods of calculation which foo are based ona mate of corrosion, over the selected pipeline hit. hich wil leave the pipeline with 9 minimum cover to reinforcement of 10mm. Thists the minimum cover ‘posi’ in Ausra Standnd ASAO3S for precee, Concrete pipes and hence the end of the selected ie the Rocta sewer pipe wil sl be fal sound structurally and able to withstand al designed earth Toads. ‘The pipeline wil still havea considerable period th sfe serve ahead oft The corrosion process Basically the corrosion process may be considered! as three separate stages: Stage 1. The anaerobie generation of sulphices within the sewerage which occurs in the slowly moving sections of the system ice. the flat gradients. Stage 2. The release of gaseous hydrogren sulphide (F,8) into the gas space above the sewage ownstream of sections in 1, in any rapidly moving or turbulent sections of the system, Stage 3. Aggressive attack on the above water sections of the pipeline at or downstream of sections in 2, which is due to the aewbic bacterial conversion of gaseous H.$ and ‘oxygen to sulphuric acid in the condensed moisture film on these exposed surfaces ‘The designer can reduce the incidence of attack by designing the pipeline system to minimise the slow moving sections and hence miaimixe sulphide formation, or by venting of the line at crucial points to reduce 1138 concentrations,Selection of Rocla sewer pipe To assist the designer in determining the most econemie typeof Rola sewer pipe tobe used for a glven senage condition, is suggested the following steps be taken Step One Determine the corrosion factor C for the sewage in stages I and 2 mentioned previously, from: Corrosion Factor, C, in mm/year. Ce 418K KJ x [Ps] x SAUX BE Put Where c Cortosion factor or corrosion rate of standard siliceous aggregate concrete, in moiyear K= Acid teaction efficiency (assumed to be 0.7 for atypical sewer Proportion of dissolved sulphide present as hydrogen sulphide. This is dependant upon sewage pH and temperature and may be determined from table 2 [DS]= Total dissolved sulphide concentration (annual average) in mgylitre. Maximum hydraulic gradient (stage 2). uv Maximum flow velocity (stage 2), in mise Bi= Surface width of stream in stage 2 of 3 of the system, in m. ‘Unwetted pipe perimeter in stage 2 or 3 of the system, in m. To calculate C we need to know the [DS] of the effluent in stage 1 of the system, This can either be measured by sampling the effluent, or calculated using the following formulae: Dissolved sulphide concentration, [DS], in mg/litre. [Ds}=— Zx 0.00001 mgylitre ‘where the sulphide index, Z.1s: )§ x [BOD] x (1.07)%"x Pw SeXQU AB ‘Biological oxygen demand of the sewage (composite average) tested after 5 days, in stage 1 of the sewer, in mgflitre. (Either ‘measured from effluent samples or estimated from design values for the various influent sources). T= Temperature of sewage in stage 1, in degrees C, Pw: Wetted pipe perimeter in stage I of the system, in m, s Typical hydraulic gradient in the fattest section of the system (stage 1). Q Flow rate in stage 1 of the sewer, in litres/sec. B= Surface width of stream in stage 1 of the system, in m, Note that: for Z<5000, sulphides are rarely produced. for Z>10000, sulphide build up is common. Figure 1: Pipeline flow-showing wetted and unwetted perimeters in stage 1. Pw Proportion of dissolved sulphide present () pH_j pH J pH Jp 50 [099] [65]o7] [75]o21] [8 [onal] 52 [058| [66|072| [76020] [8 loos 54 097s) [67] 007 [77 [017] [87 oozo) 56 [096] [6s]osi] [7s[o1s] [8s [o0i6) 38 [osa) [s9]o56] [790] [89 loos 60 fost) [7.0[oso| [aofo.osr] [90 loo) [61 [oad] [71] o4s) [8.21]0.074] [9.5 [0.003] 62 [086] [72] 0.9 [s2loos9| [i0o[o.001 63 joss) [73] 0.33] [8300s 64 [oso] [7afo2s| [8s ]oo9| [ 4) pH values based on pK of 7.0 b) All] factors above are correct for 20°C. For other ‘temperatures increase or dectease the pH value by 0.014 units for each degree celsius above or below 20°C respectively. ‘Step Two "Having calculated the corrosion factor C for the sewer system and with a known design life forthe system, refer to table below: ‘Boopeie | 7Syr ie [R00-y | Type Si may be used vale is 03 | 02 | ois Type SAST, CA & CASE may De considered subject t0 checking iC vale ‘Composite pipe must be sed IFC wae >3_ | 520 | ois 031 30] 02%020 Jos t015| Should the C value indicate use of type SASL, CA or CASI Roca sewer pipes itis necessary to refer to graphs 12 and 3 to determine the type required, and any requirement for an additional sacrificial layer in pipe. Select graph 1 (for $O-year lift), graph 2 (for 75-year life) or graph 3 (for 100-year lite). ‘inter bottom scale with value determined for C and. project line upward to intersect the line for type SA/SASL or CAICASL.. This intersection point should be transferred to the left hand scale and the depth of sacrificial layer read off Al pipes are to have internal cover to reinforcement of 25mm plus sacrificial lining as determined from the graphs above. At the end of service life the pipes will have residual {internal cover of 10mm to reinforcement,igure 2 (graph 1) 0-year service life. 35 30 20 15 Sacrificial Layer - mm Figure 3 (graph 2) ‘7Seyear service life. 15 20 Corrosion Factor, C - mm/year 38 30 Type sasy 10 Type Sa, 15 20 Corrosion Factot, C - mm/yearFigure 4 (graph 3) 10-year service life 35 30 25, 20 Layer -mm_ 15 Sacrifil 10 ° os 1.0 LS Corrosion Factoi, C - mm/year EXAMPLE: Caleulated C value = 1.2 Service life required = 100 years Project line vertically at C= 1.2 At intersection with type line project horizontally to obtain sacrificial layer thickness, In this ca ‘Therefore eequice type ~ 25mm sacrificial layer (Ge. internal cover to reinforcement = 25+25=50mm) Specification of Rocla sewer pipe ‘When specifying a Roca sewer pipe fora particular projet itis necessary to state te following Fntormatien + Nominal pipe lameter. Chas of pipe (ference AS40S8). Fiyarostae ost pressure if eater than 90KPa Type of Rocla sewer pipe rele, Le SA, SASL, CR CASL or compost, « Social layer depth (if requlted for type SASL or cast) «ay special requirements Hydraulic design and laying data For information on the hydraulic design of Rocla reinforced concrete sewer pipes refer to the Conerete Pipe Association of Australasia publication "Hydraulics of Precast Concrete Conduits’. The CPA.A. also publish "Laying Conerete Pipe the Right Way" which outlines the correct procedures to be adopted for laying Rocla sewer pipe. If further information is requited contact your local Rocia sales office. 20 25Rocla For further intonation on our range of Pipeline products ‘contact your local sales oftice on our national number 131 004, Mobile phones in county areas may need to ring the office nunnbts Sydney: Old Bathurst Road, En Pains 2759 Phone (047) 35 S100 Fax (047) 25 2608 Dapto: Hamition Steet, Dapto 2550 Phone (O42) 61 1044 Fax (042) 2 1589 Davbo: Jannalt Koad, West Dubbo 2880 ‘hone 1098) 82 2168 Fax (068) 82 0285 Newcastle Neiison Street, Edgeworth 2285 Phone (049) 8 1633 Fax (048) $8 4207 Glenn Tones: Ferguson Steet, Glen Innes 237 Phone (057) 32 3160 Fax (067) 32.4097 Narrandera: idle Road, Narrandera 2700 Phone (059) 39 1377 Fax (068) 59 2098 Canbersar Li Tennant Steet, stick 2609 Phone (5) 280 7485 Fax (06) 229 1184 Melbourne: olin Roa, Campbetitecd 3061 Mere (03) 9392 0300 Tax (03) 9292 0399 Avoca: owe steet, Avoca $167 hone 1034) 05-5399 fax (054) 89 $950 Traralgon: Princes Highway, Tavalyon 3844 hone (OST) 74°3477 Fax (OSI) 74 8319 Wodonga: Yackandandah Rou, PO Box $01, Woronga 34690 heme (060) 24 1488 Fax (060) 24 $029 Ipswich Road, Galles 4300 hone (0%) 1371 2935 Fax (07) 3271 3907 Scoit Street, Cairns Brisba Mone (070) 54 3888 Fas (O70) 54 7439 Macteay Archibald Stret, Mackay 4740 ‘heme (079) $2 1066 bax (079) 52 3878 Toowoomba: — Car McDougall Se Htustey Road, Toowoomba 4350 heme (076) 24 3188 Fax (076) 24 $397 Adelaide: {cavan Koad, PO Box 74, Diy Creek SOP hone (8) £262 2932 Fax (08) 8260 5599 Perth: 3 Newbum oat, Kewdale 6105 Imnone (08) $93 2288 Fas (09) $53 3598 Head Office: Roda Fipeline oducts 6-8 Thomas Steel, Chatswood NSW 2067 Mnone (02) 99128-3500 Fax 102) 9928 5580 The contents of this brochune are cepysighe ane may not be replace in ony form without the plot wilen coment of Amat Tecommendtions and alvie separng the use of the praucs fiver without Inbiity’on the prt ofthe company pr lis employees. Amtek Limited, AEN 9002 191 Trading. as Roda Pipsine Brocues. aye eadamiaks belonging to Ara Lt, © Amatek Lest, Febauany 17, M4 endorted Bonpany some