What is Mininet?

Mininet is a virtual network emulator used for development, testing, and

experimentation of network tools and protocols.

Uses of Mininet?
Mininet is used for network development, testing, and research purposes.

Features of Mininet ?
Mininet offers fast prototyping, simplified testing of complex topologies,
realistic execution, and is an open-source environment with extensive community
support.

Use of Mininet in SDN ?

Mininet is commonly used in the context of Software-Defined Networking
(SDN) to simulate and evaluate SDN-based network architectures, protocols, and
applications in a virtual environment.

Application Of Mininet ?
- Network protocol development and testing
- SDN research and experimentation
- Network function virtualization (NFV) testing
- Network performance evaluation
- Teaching and learning network concepts
- Network security testing and analysis
- Internet of Things (IoT) network simulation
- Network application development and testing
- Network troubleshooting and debugging
- Network simulation for academic or research projects

What are containers ?

Containers in Mininet refer to lightweight virtualization entities or network
namespaces that provide separate network interfaces, routing tables, and ARP tables.

Features of Container ?
- Lightweight virtualization
- Independent network namespaces
- Separate network interfaces
- Individual routing tables
- Dedicated ARP tables

Application of Container ?
- Isolation of processes and applications
- Microservices architecture
- Agile software development and deployment
- Continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD)
- Scalable and efficient resource utilization
- Rapid application deployment and scaling
- Cloud computing and virtualization
 - DevOps practices and container orchestration

Steps to setup Mininet ?

1. Install VirtualBox.
2. Download the Mininet VM image.
3. Import the Mininet VM image into VirtualBox.
4. Start the Mininet VM.
5. Log in to the Mininet VM using the default credentials.
6. Use the Mininet command line interface to create and manage networks.

What is difference between Emulator and simulator ?

What is the use of SDN or Application of SDN ?

Use of SDN:

SDN is used to centralize and simplify network management, enhance network agility
and flexibility, enable network automation, and improve overall network performance
and security.

Application of SDN in shortest:

SDN finds applications in data centers, wide area networks (WANs), campus networks,
and network virtualization, enabling efficient traffic management, dynamic resource
allocation, improved network monitoring, and the implementation of innovative
network services.

What is difference between Software defined network and traditional network ?

What are the challenges in Traditional network ?
- Lack of scalability
- Limited flexibility and agility
- Manual configuration and management
- Complexity in network design and troubleshooting
- Inefficient resource allocation
- Lack of centralized control and visibility
- Difficulty in implementing security policies
- Slower innovation and deployment cycles
- High operational costs
- Dependency on proprietary hardware and protocols

Key Features of Mininet compared to other virtualization approaches ?

- Lightweight and efficient virtualization
- Realistic network emulation
- Native execution of network software
- Easy customization and interaction
- Support for complex network topologies
- Cost-effective solution for network testing and development
- Integration with SDN and OpenFlow experimentation
- Extensive documentation and community support
- Compatibility with different machine types (VMs, cloud-hosted, native)
- Streamlined development aligned with production networks

What is POX SDN Controller ?

POX is a lightweight, open-source SDN controller that provides a platform for
developing and deploying software-defined networking applications.
Key Features of POX SDN Controller ?
- Lightweight and minimalistic design
- Python-based programming interface
- Support for multiple OpenFlow versions
- Extensible and customizable architecture

What is Cloud Network controller ?

A cloud network controller is a software-based platform that centrally manages
and orchestrates network resources in a cloud computing environment.

Key Features of Cloud network controller ?

- Centralized network management and control
- Dynamic resource allocation and provisioning
- Automation and orchestration of network services
- Scalability and flexibility to handle cloud-scale networks

What is Network Virtualization ?

Network virtualization is the process of creating multiple virtual network
instances on a shared physical network infrastructure, enabling the segmentation and
isolation of network resources to provide flexibility, scalability, and improved network
management.

What are the General forwarding Logic ?

- Receive a packet
- Inspect packet header
- Determine the destination address
- Lookup destination address in forwarding table
- Determine output port or next hop based on the table entry
- Forward the packet to the specified output port or next hop

What are ICMP?

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network protocol used for
sending error messages and operational information related to IP (Internet Protocol)
communication.

What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network protocol used to map an IP
(Internet Protocol) address to a corresponding MAC (Media Access Control) address
in a local network.

What is IP Packet Destination ?

The IP packet destination refers to the designated IP address where the packet
is intended to be delivered in a network communication.

What is SDN Frame work?

SDN Framework refers to a software-defined networking architecture that
provides a structured framework for implementing and managing network
infrastructure using a centralized control plane and programmable network devices.
What are key features of SDN Frame work?
- Centralized control
- Programmability
- Separation of control and data planes
- Open standards and interoperability
- Network virtualization
- Traffic engineering and optimization

What is Cloud Seed?

Cloud seed refers to a preconfigured and optimized virtual machine (VM) or
image that serves as a starting point for creating new instances or launching new virtual
environments within a cloud computing platform.

What are the key featureas of Cloud seeds?

- CMP
- SDN Contoller
- Jupiter SDN Framework
- Virtualization Layer
What is legacy data ?
Existing or outdated data from previous systems, processes, or versions. Challenging
to handle and access.

Sources of legacy data ?

Previous software applications, outdated databases, legacy systems, paper-based
records, and historical data sources. XML, DOCS, DATABASE etc.

Steps to import legacy data in power bi?

Open BI<Click get data<Select Excel<Select File and Open<Power query editor<Get
data<Odatafeed<Paste urls<Select order table<Edit

What is ETL, Benefits, Challenge?

Involves extracting data from various sources, transforming it into a consistent and
usable format, and loading it into a target system such as a data warehouse or a
database.
Benefits of the ETL process:
- Improves data quality and consistency.
- Enables efficient data analysis and reporting.
Challenges of the ETL process:
- Ensuring data integrity
- Managing large volumes of data
- Time and resource-intensive process

What is OLAP ROLAP MOLAP HOLAP?

OLAP: Used for multidimensional analysis of data, allowing users to perform
complex and interactive analytics on large datasets. Microsoft SSAS, Oracle DB
ROLAP: Approach that relies on relational databases to store and process data. It
performs dynamic aggregations and calculations based on user queries. Microsoft
SSAS, Oracle DB
MOLAP: Stores data in multidimensional arrays called cubes, enabling fast querying
and analysis by precomputing aggregations. Microsoft SSAS, Oracle DB
HOLAP: Benefits of ROLAP and MOLAP by storing summary data in cubes for fast
querying while keeping detailed data in relational databases for ad-hoc analysis.
Microsoft SSAS, Oracle DB

Limitation of OLAP Cubes?

- Time-consuming processing, Limited calculations, Complex design, Data
inconsistency, High resource requirements.

What is Sisense and Elasticubes ?

Sisense: A business intelligence software that offers self-service analytics and data
visualization capabilities, enabling users to easily analyze and explore complex data
sets.
Elasticubes: A technology used by Sisense that provides high-performance data
storage and querying. Elasticubes allow for rapid data ingestion and processing,
enabling fast analytics on large and diverse data sources. Columnar Database.

Advantages of sisense over olap ?

- Faster data processing and query performance, Ability to handle larger/diverse data
sets, Self-service capabilities for non-technical users, Enhanced scalability and cost-
efficiency, Support for modern data sources and cloud-based environments.

Import data from warehouse to excel ?

DATA>Get External Data>From Access>Select File & Open>Select All Tabel &
OK>In import data window select pivot table report>

What is K-means algorithm ?

Clustering algorithm that aims to partition a dataset into distinct clusters based on
similarity. It iteratively assigns data points to clusters and recalculates cluster centers.
Unsupervised.

Steps of K-means algorithm ?

1. Choose the desired number of clusters (k).
2. Initialize k cluster centers randomly.
3. Assign each data point to the nearest cluster center based on distance (typically
Euclidean distance).
4. Recalculate the cluster centers by computing the mean of all data points assigned to
each cluster.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until convergence
6. The final cluster centers represent the centroids of the clusters, and each data point
belongs to a specific cluster based on its nearest centroid.