ERRATA SHEET FOR ASHRAE STANDARD 111-1988 January 9, 1997 troduction ‘The correction listed in this errata sheet applies o all copies of ANSVASHRAE Standard 111-1988 with a blank outside back cover (ic. no printer's symbol) Errata ‘On page 64, Figure D-10, values in table column headed “Position Relative to Inner We lines, change the second value: "in row for 5 points or traverse From: 0.238 To: 0.288, ‘0 that the values inthe S-poine row read as: 0.074, 0.288, 0.500, 0.712, 0.926ASHRAE Standard 111-1988 ADHIRALE STANIDAIRID Practices for Measurement, Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Systems Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Commities on Oc- 17, 1987, and by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on lary 4, 1988, ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is. the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. -mail: orders@ashrae.crg. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527- A723 (for orders in U.S. and Canada). @Copyright 1988 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Ine. ISSN 1041-2336 Whon addenda or intorprotations to this standard have boon approved, they can be downloaded free of chargo from the ASHRAE web site at http:/1xp20.ashrae.org/standards/addenda.htm or http:(Ixp20.ashrae.org/standards/intpstd. htm, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC. 1791 Tlie Circle, NE * Allanta, GA 30329CONTENTS: Sections, 1. Purpose Scope... : Definitions & Symbols Compliance .. Instrumentation Balancing Stations . System Effect Air Measurements Hydronic Measurement ePxeeaes 10. Air Testing, Adjusting and Balancing .... 11. Hydronic Testing end Balancing .. 42. Refrigerating Testing .. 18. Reporting Procedures and Forms 14, References ‘Appendices ‘A Bibliography B Sample Specification . © System Etfects D E Air Measurements Pumps ... ‘This Forword is not part of this Standard but for information purposes only. FOREWORD ‘Technical Committee 9.7 recommeniled a standard be writ- ten for testing and balancing in order to unify procedures for the industry and to aid design engineers in writing testing and balancing specification that would encompass the ramifications of HVAC system test and adjustment. Field test results are considered essential to designers, ‘manufacturers, and installers to better enable them to evaluate the results of their design, equipment perfor. ‘mance, and installation techniques under actual operating conditions. ‘To improve om the quality of field testing and report- ing, instrumentation and testing techniques are considered in this Standard. ‘The Standard does cover causes that can affect a system’s performance. It isthe intent of this Standard to convey the message “not all is perfect in HVAC systems", so that one should not expect explicit perfection under the present “state of the art”. However, with good engineering practice, realistic ratings and craftsmanship installation, adequate results can ASHRAE STANDARD 1111988 ‘be obtained to satisfy agiven set of design conditions within reasonable set of limitations. Testing, adjusting, and belancing are the means used. to determine and monitor system performance and may be utilized again and again well after the project is completed. ‘Testing and balancing reports should be used: a. to assist personnel responsibil for the efficient operation of the HVAC systems, b. as a record of existing conditions, ¢ tocompare periodic tests to original conditions for determining deterioration or reduced efficiency if any exist, 4. for conditions when modifications or changes are ‘made in the HVAC system, . in energy conservation programs as existing cond tions for base energy level calculations, 4, for procedures and reports that can be used to verify energy conservation results, . for comparison of design versus actual field performance.1. Purpose 1.1 The purpose of this Standard is to: a. Provide uniform and systematic procedures for ‘making measurements in testing, adjusting, balancing and reporting the performance of building heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems in the field. b._ Provide means of evaluating the validity of col- lected data considering system effects. Establish methods , procedures, and recommen dations for providing field collected data to designers, users, manufacturers, and installers of system. 2. Scope 24 This Standard describes methods for evaluating building heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrig eration systems. 2.1 It applies to air moving and hydronic systems, in cluding associated air moving, cisculating heat transfer ‘luid systems, refrigeration, electrical power, and control systems. 24.2 The Standard includes methods for determining temperature, enthalpy, velocity flow rate, pressure, pressure differential, voltage, amperage, wattage, and power factor. 22. This Standard establishes: a. Minimum system configuration requirements (0 assure that the system can be field tested and balanced. b. Minimum instrumentation required for field ‘measurements & Procedures for field measurements used in testing and in balancing. . A format of recording and reporting test results, for use in evaluating conformance with design require- ments, 3. Definitions & Symbols ‘accepted contract documents: design plans and specitica- tions which are the basis for an installed mechanical system. air duct: a passageway made of sheet metal or other ‘suitable material not necessarily eaktight, used for convey Ing airor other gases at low pressures. Itcan, be designated according to the function shown in Fig. 1. air terminal device: A device (eg. grille) placed in an ‘opening to a room, through which control led air enters or leaves, a, factor: the effective area of an air terminal, equal to the measured air flow rate divided by the velocity reading of a particular instrument used in a prescribed manner. ‘aneroid barometer a barometer in which a change of at- mospheric pressure relative to a vacuum bends a metallic surface which moves a pointer. balancing station: an assembly 10 measure and control fluid flow. Iris composed of a measuring device, a volume control device and recommended lengths of straight duct- work or pipe into and out of the measurement location. balancer: commonly used term for the person or firm ‘hat performs testing, adjusting and balancing work. Fig. 1 Duet definition criteria by reason of flow values baromecer: Instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. Standard atmosphere is the equivalent of 14.696 psia (101.325 kPa) or 29.92 in, (760 mm) of mercury at 32°F °C). blast area ratio: the fan blast area divided by the fan outlet area, See Fig. D-6. cavitation: the formation of vapor bubbles duc to the am- bent pressure being equal to or less than the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped. Cavitation results in aloss of pump total head and output capacity. Cavitation is ‘characterized by a “crackling” noise near the pump suction design airflow: required airflow when the system is operating under assumed maximum conditions of design, including diversity, differential pressure: the difference in pressure between any two points in a system, diversity factor: the ratio, or percentage, obtained when the total output capacity of a system is divided by the total capacity of all terminal devices connected to the system. ‘The term is commonly used to express the ratio of VAV supply air fan capacity to the total capacity of the VAV ter- minal devices as a percentage. dry gir; air that does not contain water vapor. fan powers power input atthe fan shaft, or the total of the ‘power input tothe fan shaft and the power loss attributable to the power transmission device. Jan static pressure: the difference between the fan total pressure and the fan discharge velocity pressure ASHRAE STANDARD 111-1988