ER @[Link] erp: eepleno CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH Re LOSS SOR a ett hee Cambridge English Objective Proficiency Workbook c "For revised exam from March 2013 fon CLs wy Pala ll Meee Le)UNIVERSITY PRESS ae erTeacl Objectiv Proficiency Workbook with answersCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8B, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press s part of the University of Cambridge, I farthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of| «education, earning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. ‘wwvecambridgeorg, Information on this te: [Link].o7g/9781 107619203 © Cambridge University Press 2013 ‘This publication iin copyright. Subject co starutory exception and tothe provisions of relevant collective licensing agreoments, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2002 Seconc edition published 2013 4th printing 2014 Printed in the United Kingdom by Latimer Trend A catalogue record for this publication is available jrom the Brltsh Library ISBN 978-1-107-61920-3 Workbook with answers with Audio CD ISBN 978-1-107-62156-5 Workbook without answers with Audio CD ISBN 978-1-107-64637-7 Student's Book with answers with Downloadable Softrere ISBN 978-1-107-61116.0 Student's Book without answers with Dowaloadable Software ISBN 978-1-107.67634.3 Class Audio CDs (2) ISBN 978-1-107-67056-9 Teacher's Book ISBN 978.1-107-63368.1 Students Book Peck (Student's Bock with answers with Downloadable Software and Class Auclo CDs (2) Cambridge University Press as no responsibilty forthe persitonce or aceuraey Oo URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to inthis publication, anil does not guarantee that any content on such websites is or will remain, Accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetabes and other factual information given in this work is cocrect st the time of frst printing but Camibcge University Pross does not guarantee the eccuracy of such information thereaferCONTENTS CoRing the changes Reading 1) You are going to read an article mith the headline ‘opposite. Think about the headline and choose the Sorry, honey, | shrunk relationship (a-d) which you think the article is most a er your job prospects b boss-employee parent-child Quickly read the article to see if you were right. 2. Read the article and decide which paragraph (A-K) each of these cartoons refers ta Underline the sentences) or phrase(s) in the text that justify your answer. Which of these do’ and don'ts are mentioned in the article? Tick the boxes which apply and circle the sentence(s) or phrase(s) in the text that justify your answer. a Do not overda jewellery |b Do not break into basiness discussions. b Attend lots of events. (1 Donot refer to your spouse's business expertise € Do not over-indulge in food ordrin —-[]_j. ‘ry to have a good time at corporate events. 4 Fxercise control whem it comes to dancing, [) i Find out something about the host f Be discrete at all times. [company before the event. f Dress comfortably for all occasions. Give the impression of wanting to know 8g Do not discuss topics ofa religious nature. more about the host company, ay UNITTA. Chale: Sacarlo is aking abour an ambitious executive who had almes: reached the wp of the earporae lade. ‘There was only one problem that chreatened to block his carer path — his wife. Bored and lonely siting at home while her husband was out at work all day, she metamorphosed into bulldozer at comporate evens. She dominated conversations. ploughed her way through says of canapés and never said ‘no! co another glass of champagne B Socially inepe spouses are Sacarlios breed end butter. ‘The Gibraterborn image consultant whose firm, Chal & Associates, has become popular in New York, teaches executives’ wives ~ and husbands — how to behave at corporate functions. Spouses hire hi for coaching on everything from table manners and how much jewellery ro wear (Dont look like 4 Christmas wee) to finding the right conversation filles, ‘There are bright young men who have mie it up the cancer ier and thelr wives dorit reflect the pasiion they are cying 0 occupy. he sis. Sacarllos school for executive spouses has proved so popular thar he naw aims to bud up a client hase in the UK. D In New York, Sacatellos clients ate upwardly: mobile and do a let of work-related socialising, They ae fom modest economic backgrounds and ange in age fom cay 205 to lace 40s, The fee for an inital consultation is £8500; some clients will spend as much 2s $10,000, They mneet Sacco, 45, and his partacs, David Steinberg, 42, in a sestaurant "We wane ro see them wal ince a room Sacardlo says. ‘Do they skirt off into a corner? Or do they tun up and say *hello” because they're nervous? E Some problems ~ mostly requiring restraint at che buster table or on the dance flor ~ are easly solved. Oxhers are mote serious. Occasionally, Sacarello has 10 refer liens ta psychologist or @ priest Many of thera are rmarsed @ high-peole figures fom the business and cerwertsinmient world, so discretion key. In company files ehey are referred to by code names. % F “There are people who have made money bua it hasnt boughe them polish or class! Steinberg says. We veant to borst their selfestee so they feel comfortable ‘walking into any situation.’ Some of his tps are: avoid convesations about sex or ceigions do- not interrupt if poople are talking about business, and never say how ‘wonderfil your spouse isin the corporate world. G Steinberg encourages is lines <0 enjoy componte vents ‘Know a litle bir abour the company and shovr some interest’ he says. Our goals that when two people ‘walk into a room, nobedy knows which ane isthe high- fice’ TH Hasbanuls of high-flying female exccutives ave Sacaclh’s newest clients, Bill Higgins, $5, a formee FBI agent and cetized naval captain, found the role of eorporace spouse difficule a Fist. After his rerement in 1997 he srarced to accompany bis wife Barbara Corcoran, 50, ‘who manages Manhattan lasgest privately ownee! real ‘tate company on businss rip.‘ fle uncomforeable because I was the spouse and there were all these guys there who were younger and more success chan me, hae sys. Spouses wore different coloured name badges and Higgine would often be the only man ara able of 40 women, while his wife sa a another cable with their husbands Higgins is now 90 comfortable in his role thar he caries, 1 busines card labelled “spouse. He has formed a mers {youp 1 advise other corpora spouses and has set ap 4 website. Corcoran boasts that her husband isan ssset_ atcoeporute events, ‘He comes feeling accomplished and therefore he willing to dance in my shadow she sys J Her firs husband was nor so obliging: He was younger shan me andl not accomplished. He neste! co prove his ‘worth wherever ste went The most awkward mo -nere when people called him Mr Corcoran’ K lt is she Higgine Corcoran brand of teamwork that impresses Sacarella, “One of the main decisions in lie is choosing your partnes? he sys. If you've goofed on that one; how competent are you" 4 Finda word or phrase in the article with these meanings (the paragraph letter is given in brackets). stand in the way of (A) b skills training (B) © not particularly wealthy (D) 4 price charged (D) ¢ in the public eye (E) ore increase (F) successful achiever (G) a useful and valuable resource (1) willing to lp or please (J) % RING THE CHANGES (oGrammar 5 Complete the text with an appropriate forrn of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one possible answer. Anew experience ray (Gnd) myself in some bizarre situations recently, but none se uunwsual as a eer weoks ago, when T'was tying ona black plastic mattress, covered from head ‘to toe in off, with aman walking all over me. Incense (2) fourm) on a low table, the only sounds that of the sea and of crows ducking out of che way of an eagle. In some paris of the world this might (3) the) part of some full-tooon ritual, and 1 would (a). sevnenenanene (6) concerned about ay safety. But this (5) et) ‘the middle of another hot and slightly steamy day in southern India, andl whatever © nntentnenne (NAPE) t0 Mm a : _.. {be ono) in the name of health. 1 (8)... camo losperionce) my first Ayurveda rejuvenation massage, Vocabulary 5 Complete the sentences using the verbs n the box, which all mean change in some way. You may need to change the form of the verb, Use your cicionary to help you. There may be more than one answer, amend adapt alter convert develop evolve fluctuate metamorphose modify mutate revise transform 4 The good thing about children is that they to new environments. b took the coat back to the shop to have it © Inline 20, ‘med! should be... ‘people! 4 The design proposals were unpopular and only. accepted in a form, € These bacteria have that are resistant to certain drugs. into forms 6 UNIT £ The reorganisation will totally the British entertainment industry. 1g The awkward boy I knew had into a tall, handsome man, h They live in. i. How do we know that humans windmill. from apes? i Vegetable prices... the season. k The bank man: a their sales forecasts three times, 1 What started out as a short story eventually according to ser forced them to 7 into a full-scale novel. Complete these centences, which all include expressions with change, using the picture clues below and your dictionary to help you. Which of the sentences have ne corresponding illustration? SB is xan Shed been with the same company such along time, she felt she needed a change of scene. a Shell always been against the proposed supermarket, but she soon changed her ossneen When she teolised what they would pay for her land. bb That Italian restaurant is nowhere near as good since it changed € Hes so untidy! Ihe wants to live here, he’s going to have to change his @ When [ first met him, I didnt like him, but now Pve changed myo € Iwouldn't change with him for the world! f She took a change of, inher suitcase as they were staying overnight. Lets change the... or welll end up arguing again8 Replace the verbs in italics in sentences a-m with an appropriate two-or three-part phrasal verb made by combining the verbs and prepositions in the table below. You may need to change the form of the ver’ and the word order. Use your dictionary to help you exampLe: He paused for a moment to listen and then continued eating ‘He paused for a moment to listen and then carried on eating. ‘a She came out of the shop to find thieves had siolen her bicycle. bb The chaos in the house was starting to depress him, € [feel like I'm getting nowhere with my online campaign. | keep encountering a wall of hostility, d Boy, will Ibe glad to finish these exams! € typed in ‘swimming technique’ on a search engine and literally thousands of websites appeared. £ He has to submit the application form by Friday. News of someone's pregnancy soon spreads. You'll find my enthusiasm more than offiets my lack of experience. i. How successful were they in conveying the message, do you think? 4 The hospital is conducting tests to find out what is wrong with her. k Could you despatch the parcel this morning, please? 1 The football manager tried an eleborate new tactic but it didn’t work. m Look, I really can't come, sorry; something, important has arisen moe souey [across [against ‘any round [for come [down | with come [in ‘with come off come | off eet off et en eet out ee over set ” L et make [op [mcke 0p 9) Look at the idioms in bold, and the three possible sentences containing them, Put a tick (/) ifthe sentence is correct and a cross (X) it’s wrong, 1 Sorry, I've lost track of what were supposed to be doing, Sorry, I've lost track of you since we were at school together. Sorry, I've lost track of that new coat you gave me, b It never crossed my mind that [id agreed to sign the document. Itnever crossed my n refund It never crossed my mind that he would actually carry out his threat! © Look on the bright side — yon could be back home bored out of your wits! a Look on the bright side ~ you might still oa o ind to ask fora o0 be able to get hold of tickets online a Look on the bright side - you would be ‘very unhappy if this happened to you! Oo Being a ski ep in Austria isa far cry from myold job in the factory back home! =] The calling sound the bird makes is a far ery from trying to contact its mate. qo ‘What we're witnessing here isa far cry from a desperate man who’ lost his way. [1] € [ll keep you posted if you would be so kind. [| Tl keep you posted if what you're claiming is true, oO Lil keep you posted if there are any further developments. o £ Look, just to set the record straight - Im afraid we can't accept your application, [ Davidson needs just one more win to set the record straight, a ‘The manager assumed that Agnes and Derek were married, but she soon set the record straight, RING THE CHANGESys Expectation Listening 1 © BB You will hear five different people (0-5) talking about the first time they ‘lew abroad by themselves, and the expectations they had. For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F what each speaker said. There Is one statement that you will not need AL knew from experience what to expect. B My expectations were confirmed. It was a life-changing event for me 1D [appreciated the trip more as I was alone. E It was very different from what [a imagined. F I found it quite similar to being at home, Speaker | Speaker? = ET] Speaker} [T_] speakers [aT] Speakers [EL] 2 | HBlsten again and filleach gap with one word from the recording to complete these expressions. a (Speaker 1) Ididrit what to expect (Speaker 1) from that eeeeennes OF © (Speaker 1) well and truly 4 (Speaker 2) nothing ann for me e (Speaker 2) ature to me f (Speaker 2) have no but to (Speaker 2) to the challenge 3 Re-use some of the expressions in similar situations: hh (Speaker 2) sink or i (Speaker 3) it was 2 j (Speaker 3) Ik (Speaker 4) an 1 (Speaker 4) rn (Speaker 5) a one up the atmosphere mind to the test opportunity iy frst day asa travel agent mas tough 2s the office was busy with customers. The things id learnt in ‘ralning were wally on the whole, tha oe well but there was ene query simply couldnt answer, and had. for neip call my boss (On a recent trip te Spain, went to wateh Barcelona play Real Madrid té never been to scl a huge stad um before, and ‘antived early taste In my country the standard of football is much lower 30 for me +0 see the incredible skill ofthe players. ‘After sucha fantastc match, was. ; fon spanish football [My first ever interview was for a place at university, ord nt surprisingly ——— S11 a6 all rather new and tntinidating for me. lot was at take, sot was a real Joke to put me at my eace, and — 8 UNIT 2 situation, But tne Interviewer told was much happier.Grammar 4 Complete these extracts with an apprapriate form of the verbs in the box. You may also, need to use will/hall on their own. There may be more than one correct answer. be (x 3) pack (x2) eee ‘Thanks vary much forthe invite to dinner this evening 1 0 ‘ale to make it though. I'm off to Mexico in the morning (ny plane (2) ES OM) aNd) enn ready in time. Ilooks Hike | (4). the small hours. My compeny (6) _ an office there next month and apparently some problems ‘come up with the lease they (6) cc nnne nn signing. Anyhow, 'm really som about this evening but m we do something together at th woaker? I)... soowees MY grandmother at come point during the day on Sunday, but otherwise | 9) free tl the end of next week. Tet (10)... rmerennnine ME SOMthNg t0 [OK forward t0 While | (19) ones _suiteases tonight! Let me know how you're fies. beon the vergecf give leave open [Link] to get [acquire alsoconsider be (x2) develop also expect eras Earth Observation Applications Scientist | Leoting a specs tom, you (12) a generic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mage focusing processor ith the ein of prockcing a cost-effective high perforinence space radar within two years. Ideally you 3) ..2 minimum of five years! ‘experience in signal-pracoscing applications plus signal- simulation experience, though candidates with lass experience bout with @ highly relevant acedemie background aa a Excellent computing sil (15). necessary and yOu (16) neem ‘a good inderstanding of advanced engineering mathemetics. Proven analytical and presentation skill OM scree fesential so your success, 29 (18) o— .nyour effective use of IT systems, be likely move break expect have | 8-Day ‘Forecast After a fine and mainly ary start fo the week ohn ay... ine the nor west of Sootand later. England and Wales 20)... — stay airy setted win futher spel ot cnshine for he second! hot cre \wook, enough wertem pris @)..—- tan some pefeny ran a tes on Thusday Scotland @2). — : cloudy ond damp wilh rain ond izle especially over the mountains ‘through on Wednesday, poriculerly piesa aaa apes EXPECTATION 95. Put the missing punctuation into these sentences from the Cambridge Learner Corpus, written by Proflency candidates. there is one mistake in each sentence. a Ina few years time, there is the risk of having to b What about going to your aunts to spend Christmas? ¢ Asa young woman she started educating young black children d She was called to Washington D.C. where she joined the Advisory Board. ¢ Her mother, who was in the kitchen heard that she wanted to. £ A longer life therefore, means not only more opportunities but also... g Seeing her you wouldn't believe how nice she is, hh I saw this could, at least temporarily improve our situation, Vocabulary 6 Complete these sentences using a prepositional phrase from the box. Use a dictionary to help you. at odds with beyond all expectation by no means. in all honesty on its own merits over the top out of my control within reason a Ws... wnnnnnu C2ttain that the job will go to an external candidate. bb You can invite anyone you like to my birthday party, © Tan assure you that each of your proposals will be judged 4 Johris angry reaction to my letier was completely e Clare's claim that she locked the door behind her is a ‘what she said cartier F You could try o get a refund on your ticket, but sussnuee L don't think there's much point, 8g Wan’ English improved . when he stayed with 2 host family in Manchester. fh I've done all [can for you, but ultimately the matter is Using an appropriate word from the box with have no, replace the words in italics so that each sentence has the opposite ‘meaning, You will also need to change the form of some verbs and you may need to add a preposition or but. Use ‘your dictionary to help you. ‘appeal chance desire doubt option —_problem qualtas — recottection examLe: Apparently, he remembered our meeting last March. Apparently, he had no recollection of our meeting last March. ‘4 Having known him for years, she didn’: believe thet he was lying. b They found it difficut to follow the instructions that they had been given Eng really wanted to go back to her home country before she died. 4 Sara was unhappy about lying to the police [will be able to finish this essay before the weekend, f Having run out of money, Bogdan chose to work. {§ Going to the theatre was a treat after everything she had been through.Use of English 8 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). More people fly today than ever before, yet many ~ experienced eir (0) as well as novices - suffer anguish end (2) tthe mere thought _APPREHEND: of flying. As many as one in seven people are thought to experience anxiety : when fiying, with women (2)... then two to one in these feelings NUMBER of @). A certain amount of concern (8) ssn __‘The sheer size of modem UNDERSTAND! jet aircraft, which appear awkward and (5)... = ‘on the pround, makes WIELD = ‘one wonder how they will manage to pet into the air - and stay there. However, most ef these fears are (6) enue atid ate perhaps based on the knowledge LOGIC that once in the aircraft, we, as passengers, ate (7) tocontrolcur POWER fate, which depends solely on the (8) of the crew, There is litle comfort for us in the numerous statistical compilations which show that moder air transport is many times safer than transport by car or rail 9 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in ‘each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). 9 50 (OY ME ann WO larced in Oslo, ft was away pitch dark. Rether then the wintry worderland | had hoped eco rein wes lasting dawn under the orange ‘airport lights. It was bitterly cold. The import bus deposited me, tive, hungry and disorientabed, in the ety centre. Aer several wrong turns, and (2) neany dislocetd my shoulders with the weight of my backpack, | nly stumbled int the reception of my chosen, but unbooked, hot: (Yn my horror, | discevered that every hotel in the centre was fuly booked (4) 10 & pop Concert, The receptionist redrected me to the tramine and some pcesible bed and breakfast pleces way 8)... inthe cuburbs. Two hours 6) \stcod in the rain, pearing sround in vein ‘cursing the pop singer to the Oslo righ sky. Eventually | heuled my voory lmbe along @ dar and mucky path, at the end of ieee _. ound the shining Ights of @ small hotel ‘Vocancies' (8)... vo sign on the door EXPECTATION "Reading 1. Youare going to read an article about human behaviour. R For questions 1-70, choose from the sections (A~D). The sections may be chosen more than once, Which section mentions a strong reaction to news of the writer's research? ‘one animal showing jealousy? an animal thinking of the consequences of their actions? any unfairness provoking a strong and selfish reaction? the animal behaviour shown not going as far as equivalent human behaviour? 2 sense of injustice from people having to cope with adverse conditions? an explanation for the irrational sense of unfairness that humans or animals may show? ‘an animals feeling of injustice leading to irrational behaviour? vunfa examples of both humans and animals behaving with fai It’s not fair! Strange behaviour ss ainong humans being perceived by those who are less well off? Go BI BI @ eo tI G4 @ tl] (or) Do animals share our sense of unfairness over displays of greed? A ‘ow often have you seen rich people cake 10 the treet, shouting chat theyre earning too meh? Protesters are typically Dlue-oll workers yelling thatthe minimum wage has to go up, ff that their jobs shoulda go exerseas. Concern about fairness is aways asyrer al, stronger in ce poor fun the sich, And the 4 lofty as the ideal inelf indignant a the dightest diserepaney in, say the sie lying emotions areit as dren become thoroughly cf their slice of pizea compared to their sibling’. ‘Theie shouts of Thats not fait!” never transcend sites. We're ll for fui play so long as ic helps us ‘There’ an oll stay about this, in which the owner ‘ofa vineyard rounds up labourers at different vires of day. Faly in ce monriing he went our co find Ibouters, offering each 1 denarias, But he offered che same to those hired Laer inthe day. The workers hited! fits thing in the morning expected to get more since they had worked through the hea af the day, yer the ‘owner didrit feck he owed them any more than hed ‘originally promised UNIT3 B That this sense oF unfairness may cum our to be quite ancient in evolutionary terms as well became cle when graduate student Sarah Brosnan and I discovered icin monkeys. When testing pair of capuchin monkeys, we noticed how much they disliked seeing ther parener gota bewer deal. We would offer a pebble to one of the pe and then hold out 2 hand so thar the monkey could give ic cin exchange for a cucumber slice, Akesnating between them, both monkeys would happily barter 25 times in a row. The atmosphere turned sour, however, a s00n as we introduced inequality, One monkey would still eceive cucumber, while i partacr now enjoyed grapes, fayourize food with monkeys, While that monkey had no problem, the one sill working For escamber would lose interest. Worse, secing its partner with juicy grapes this monkey would get agitated hail the pebbles out of the ‘ese chamber, sometimes even those measly cucumber slices. A food normally devoured with gusco hed become dstastefl© Theres «simi bere with the way we reject an unfit share of money. Where do such racsions ‘come from? They probably evolved in the service of ‘cooperation. Caring about what others get may sem petty and ieraconsh, bur inthe fong run ie keeps ‘one from being taken advantage of Had we merely smentioned emotions such a retentment oF envy, ‘our findings might have gone unnoticed. Now we ew the incest of philosophers anthropologists and economists, who almest choked on the monliey ‘comparison. As it happened, our study eamne ou: at ‘the very time that there was a public outery about the ‘muliillion dollar pay packages chat are ecxasionally given out on Wall Sucet and clewhere, Commentators ‘oulditresst contrasting human society wich out monkeys, spgesting that we could leam a thing or two from them, 'D Our monkeys have not reached the point at which ther sense offaimess sterches beyond egocenuiic Imerexs~ for example, che one who gets the grape Grammar 2 Wentify the incorrect verb form in these sentences, then rewrite each sentence correctly starting with the word in brackets. EXAMPLE: The tourist party might actually have seen ¢ gorille in the flesh ifthe weather were a litle more favourable, (Had ...) were > had been Had the weather been a little more favourable, the tourist party might ‘actually have seen a gorilla in tee flesh. There should be no problem in arranging that. oan for you unless you wil fail to meet our terms and conditions. (Provided ...) b Ifyou would happen to notice anything strange, kindly make a note of it for me. ‘Should ...) travellers had no problems on artival at their destination. (fd As the sun should cause permanent damage to your eyes, you shouldn't look directly a it. (Given that...) neve levels he outcame by giving ito tbe other ~ but fn cooperative human societies, such as those which ‘men hunt large game, anthropologists have found great sensitivity to equal ciseibation. Sometimes, svecessfal hunrers are even allowed to carve up their own kilt prevent them from favouring thelr fail, These culeares ave keenly aware of the risk that inequity poses tothe socal fabric of thie society Apes at oppose to monkeys, may have an inking of this connection. High ranking male chimpanaces, for example, somtimes break up fights over food withous taking any For shemsches. Daring testa feale received large amount of milk ad easins, but noticed her fricads waeching her from ashore distance. Aer 2 while, she refise all wads. Looking atthe cxperiniener she kept gesturing co the others, und they were given a share of the goods. She was doing the smare ching, Apes think ahead, ad ide hal exten har Bl right in foe of tho tse, there might have been tepercissions wher she rejoined them late in the day ¢ This planet would be heading for destruction, unless we pay more attention to environmental issues. Gf...) £ Provided you stay calm, we would be able to assess the situation quickly. af...) [fe hadn't had luck on our side, we hadn't ever survived the storm and returned safe and sound, (Without ...) hh If there isa red sky at night, itis fine the next day. (As long as ...) Ifyou spend long periods of time abore $500 metres, you must experience the ill effects of altitude. (Provided ... not) ‘You wouldnt have this wonderful evidence to support your theory now, if you didr't persevere with your research. (But fo Ke Unless you took time to acclimatise when you arrive in a hot country, you will be asking for trouble, (As longas ...) I'll agree to come to the party as long as you haven't worn those ridiculous trousers. (On condition that ...) STRANGE BEHAVIOUR BVocabulary 3. The words in capitals after these sentences are all anagrams of nouns meaning behaviour. Use the context and your dictionary te help you solve them and fill the gaps. The first and last letters are given. EXAMPLE: [fs considered good marmers in some societies to leave a litle food on your plate, RENMANS a Over the years we've got used to his fanny little Ws YAWS D His @......o008 Since that morning have been ‘quite eccentric and unpredictable. NocTIAs ¢ The president surprised everyone with his unusual ¢ tat the memorial service, Tunccoo 4 She walked at the head ef the procession, her b. GiRAREN _g proud and distinguished. ¢ When their favourite player was sent of, the Facocucsautl of the crowd was very hostile ‘TEANTORG £ There was nothing in his €. a that suggested he was anxious. REUMANDEO His eating h...........8 are rather extraordinary, erimma 4 Correct any words in these sentences which are used ‘or spelled incorrect. a The Santa Ana wind can have a dramatic affect on people in Los Angeles. b In some extreme weather conditions, people have been known to loose control. © Certain weather patterns are associated with a raise in crime rates. Predicting the weather accurately takes more than practise. e My grandfather believes in weather lore like his, ansestors before him. £ The day the weather forecasters took industrious action was an interesting day for the nation. 'g Some people believe animal behaviour could offer a viable alternate means of earthquake detection. b Beside being struck twice by lightning, she bas also had some experiences of hurricanes, my \ UNIT3 Use words from the box to find collocations with the ‘words in bold and complete the sentences. Use your dictionary to help you. feeling intuition sense sight sign misgivings omen suspicion EXAMPLE: Many teachers have expressed serious misgivings about the new exams. a Those black clouds are a sn of rain, b Tonce met a man with €€¢0Md who told me I was going to lose my job ~ and Idid. ¢ Thad fanny... that youd show up! 4 ve gota sneaking... _. that we're going the wrong way. We hoped that the delay at the airport was not a bad. for our holiday, £ She seemed to havea sixth... when it came to knowing what ber twin was thinking. g When a woman anticipates something, itis sometimes put down to female... The words in the box are all nouns that express strong emotions. Put each one in the corract sentence below to complete the collocations in bold. disgust fears frustration guilt rage tedium a Margaret was haumted by. atthe terrible things shel done. b Torelieve the... ofthe journey, John looked out of the window and counted passing trucks. © When [ told him what had happened, the manager exploded with 4 ‘Look, it annoying, but i’s not my fault! Don't ‘vent your tee OB TH! hope I have succeeded in allaying your r _ about the future of the company. f Tcould scarcely conceal my at his table manners.Use of English 7 Read the text below and decide which answer (A,B,C or D) best fits each gap, There isan example at the beginning (0). TIGERS AS PETS ‘They may be (0)... extinction in India, China and Siberia, but in the US, tigers have found a new lease of life = after a fashion, More than 12,000 are kept as pets ~ double the number thought to exist in the wild. The craze persists ()........ concern amon politicians and animal welfare groups. Various repurable organisations promote ovmership of endangered species. Prices are not particularly (2) nu: $1,000 for a generic cub, $3,500 for a pair of Bengal tigers ‘The private trade originated in zoos. Tiger cubs (3) so popular with the public that z00s started brooding more than they needed and sold the (4) to private breeders. ‘The US Endangered Species Act of 1979 outlaws the taking of endangered animals from the wild, but dees not (6) .... what happens to the offspring of animals captured before the Taw Ws (8) a Many owners believe they are saving an endangered species. But their cubs have no o among wild tigers. They are a mixture of, (8) , Sumatran, Siberian and Bengal tigers, which would not survive in the wild, 0A facing B reaching C getting 1 Aincontrastto —_B nevertheless in spite of, 2A forbidding B prohibitive C impossible 3 A occurred B demonstrated —_C established 4A surplus B balance © residue 5 Arle B conduct Csyste 6 A sentenced B issued C passed, 7 A equivalent B similarity C substitute 8 A imagine Bay C suppose D meeting D whereas, D restraining D proved D leftovers D regulate D stated D correspondent D take STRANGE BEHAVIOUR (eoListening Sweet rituals {BI You will near three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, 8 or ©) which fits best according to what you hear. ‘There are two questions for each extract. Extract One: ‘You hear a man talking about a harvest festival in Chine. 1 What is important to the man when cating 2 watermelon? A its outward appearance B its weight C its flesh 2. What impressed the man most about the festival? A the trade opportunities B the educational dimension C the cultural side Extract Two You hear part of an interview in which a journalist is talking about cookery books. 3 What is the journalist's main criticism of large cookbooks? ‘A The amount of information is slight. B The recipes often prove to be unreliable. € The quality of the photography is patchy. 4 Whet is unique about William Verralls book, according to the journalist? A the ingredients it uses B its focus on the negative € the strength of its humour [[eseseerensel] You hear a woman talking about her recent experience at a top-class restaurant, 5 What did the she admire for its presentation? A the spicy steak B the barbecued fish C the vegetarian option 6 What aspect of the resteurant was the woman somewhat disappointed with A the décor B the furniture the atmosphere UNIT 4 The recordings contain the phrasal verbs in 1-8 below. Match them to thelr meanings 2-h. 1 2 engage with thumb through serve up 4 open up 8 a d ‘come up with hanker after do out in lve upto there are things for tourists to engage with too ‘you've also been thumbing throu saine of the titles ine new series the typical giossy publishing we've bbeen served up with for the iast couple of decades these books open up new vistas but none comes up with observations like Vervall’s They... seemed to hanker after my blackened cod the room, which was done out in subtle shades of blue and cream the food lived up to our expectations skim read a lot of text be as good as € decorate in a certain way d show interest in e create or reveal £ present to the public long foe hi think of or suggest3 Extract Three features adjectives describing flavour ~ appetising, and texture — tender. Which of the adjectives below describe flavour and which describe texture? Write F (flavour) or T texture). Some adjectives can describe both. Use a dictionary to help you. The first one is done for you. bland F grainy mushy sharp creamy insipid overripe stale delectable mild palatable tasteless co soli pulpy watery Grammar 4 Complete this extract from the introduction to a book by Indian cookery writer Madhur Jaffrey, using an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. Be careful to use a passive, would / used to or a modal where necessary. Thete may be more than one correct answer. 1(0)... have, alinays. love... (alcays love) to eat well. My mother once M.. (inform) me that my passion 2 (date back) to the hour of my birth when my ‘grandmother @) _ (write) the sacred syllable ‘Om’ on my longue with a finger dipped in fresh honey. [@) Se _-. apparently observe) smacking my lips rather loudly. ‘Starting from that time, food — good food ~ (5). (Gust appear) miraculously from somewhere at the back of our house in Delhi. It © (precede) by the most tantalising odours and the sounds of crockery and cutlery on the move, Soon we (7) Se (all sit) around the dinner table, engrossed in eating monsoon mushrooms cooked with coriander and turmeric, fish that my brothers (8) Gust catch) in the Jamuna River and cubes of lamb smothoned ina yoghurt sauce. Indian food (9) stseasenun (08) far more varied than the menus of Indfan restaurants 0) on nnnon _--- (Baggest). One of my fondest memories of schoo! in Delhi (1) smnine (OE) OF the lunches that we 2)... svvnnnne (all Bring) from our homes, ensconced in multictiered hunchboxes. My stainless stee! lunchbox (13) su su-n (Gangle] from the handle of my bicycle a3 1 (18) ao (cide) at great speed to schoo! every morning, my ribboned piglails fluttering behind me. When the lunch bell finally (5) Z _. (Set) us free, my friends and 1(16) - (assemble) under a shady tree if it a7. ees (be) summer or on a sunny verandah if it (13) (be) winter: My mouth 19) esas (begin) to water even before WE (2D) oo nnn (OPER UP) OU funchboxes. Eating (21)... of adventure and discovery as we (22) anticipate what the others (23) _~ (always fil) us with a senso (can) not always SWEET RITUALS rVocabulary 5. All the verbs in the box are used in collecations in the context oF food. Choose one for each sentence below, changing the form of the verb where necessary. bolt chew devour dine munch _ polish off In awe, we watched as the snake the bird whole. dog a bone to on b The man gave t Mia was sitting there, a happily on an apple from her lunch box. 4 ‘Don't ‘you'll get indigestion’ warned Saris sttainenee YOUF food OF granny, fe In the restaurant by the lake, we like kings, as the food was so delicious and reasonably priced. £ ‘The young man was 50 ravenous he ate a huge chicken dinner and then a large epple pie. 6 Complete thase compound adjectives with a word that fits. There may be more than one correct answer. Use your dictionary to help you. EXAMPLE! ice-cold water a a thirst. drink b amouth-. sanell © a fast outlet EE ORES © lowe. yoghurt fresh. bread 8B Sti vegetables hh wafer: slices i sun tomatoes soit. chocolates k full. wine 1 home- food — unifie Use of English 7 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each A legislation B directive € command D notice 3 A over B away Cout D back 4A presentation B vulnerability € outlook D exposure 5 A invest B purchase C secure D acquire 6 A comprise B incorporate € relate Dcever 7 A exceeds B overtakes € passes D transcends 8 A utilise B address C apply D spread = unit 67 Read-the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in cach gap. There is an example at the beainning (0). “Te puta TV ru wa the heyday, ey ware The Carly eee: AM cca aus tose in 1081 nthous oor eb tel an hl YEAS OF ot. re — eregamernstcze tess intention of playing MTV changed the way we experience music: we ” watoned records instead of just staring to them: ‘but music videos It was Record companies were quick to appreciate his abiitant market’ an aoto euch as Maconna snd Boy Ga0rge, concept, asitcama ct (@) ‘appzal ws as much about their Tite cost vehi (2) exttomoly coc looks () their musi, went anectve 1c record cornceries ard advertiser. ‘oda, Such) a mas ideo’ “he videos were guided by an sirhost known oe av iegact mat fim directors atthe height of their careers =the terms a contation of ‘veo! and ‘cise fockey’, were attracted to the medium, The Vos are now a (8) of the past 8 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). The Other Mozart Everyone has heard of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; few of his musical son Franz. Xaver. Anew CD colleetion (0), entitied ‘The Other Mozart celebrates Franz's TITLE music -in all ts haunting, (1) _ssssnsu immocence. The 27 songs are brief MELANCHOLY slivers of ideas, underdeveloped shadows of what might have been, reaching, beautiful (2) inthe later works, Bur it is elear that the music FULFIL, never reaches the (3) scons Of his genius father, HIGH Franz was the youngest of Mozart's children, and his mother's hopes and ambitions focused on him following the (8) death of bis father ‘MATURE The very best weachers were (5) - available to Franz, who made AUTOMATIC. his public debut asa singes, aged five, The songs bring to light Kranz’s pianistie ‘accomplishment; the piano paris are extremely demanding, The songs hit at brana’s love for a woman; they speak tine and again of (6) st ATTAIN love and unfulliled (7)... si wi LONG (8) evvenvsnennenes hOWever, the fact remains that this mnusic had it been REALIST written by a composer of any other name, would probably have remained buried in the archives, THE SOUND OF MUSIC 27Before your very eyes Reading 1 You are going to read an extract from an article about a popular TV cartoon series. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. hese from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (17). There is one extra paragraph which you do nat need to use. The Simpsons Nick Grifiths the faces: rhea’ bestte ike Scully wter/oroducer of The Simpsons, is in Aspen Colorado ‘with show's erator, Matt Grooming, to attond tho four day US ‘Comedy Ars Festal Among the atractions is The Simpsons Le 3 read through of two separate episodes onstage by members of thee, The short ran fom: 1987 and were subsequently develeped nto ful seresthat mode ts début on American primetime two years later From the of the show wa 3 huge Nt topping Fe: ratings ‘Although it ishard te figure out wy it expeded so quickly, Sully hashisoan theory. 5 es | ‘The Aspen venue forthe Simpsons events isthe Wheeler Opere House The seven strong cast take the stage, including Dan Cestellaneta (Homer Srpaon end thers) Nancy Crtwright Bort and others) and Yeerey Smith Lis a] Stripped fthe val stractin of animation you abo realise how eleslessly clever and funny the cits are After the show, Selly acknowedges, I's times ke that when you realise ust ‘what an impact the shew has tad on people. The Simpsons were dysfunetional yet you cule aba see that they loved and stuck oy ‘echoes People have aves kedthat because they don’ see enough ofitin elie! Quite simply, The Sinpsons redefined television animation, spawning sons that were exeme by comparison which natutllPelped lss own acceptance ints the mainstresm. For every action of couse, theresa equal and opposite reaction Every time there fad that ids reall Ihe, there’ gonnabe a rowr-up ing, “Somethieg’s wrong here sys Groening. 1t happened with vdeo games, heavy metal rap. and Pokemon 28 UNIT7 family of cartoon characters Indeed e was deemed so fluent that even President George ‘hush Senier waded, crtesng is pertrayat ofthe American family turing his 1982 lection campaign. His ute, Barbara called the showthe'cumbest hing she had aver seen tel = Groening oer ahs ect met, Yo entertain and a bye {Snot so much trying to change the minds of people who ae akeaey setin thar ways Itsto point outto chien tat aor ofthe rules that thy told ar by authesites who da not have thee bast Irteress at heart Thats a goed esson, Think for yous 7 But pthaps what pleases Greening 2c Scully most the well known fact thames watch The Shrpsons together. anage of ‘reals-onthe-move,thrse-okevision households computer games and the lternet. tis an achievernent of which they ca be justia) proud,1A Unvittinaly, TheSmasons struck a chor, which endures today- however much they mess up and frstate cach othe they re «viable famfy unit. Yet the American networks misread this ‘opuaiy as @ public caving for mote primetime animation. “They rushed al these show's on arard the publ rejected ‘most of ther Scully elas. BB Rethe core i family, and averyore can darcy with that he sey This probably why it plays wel overseas, too‘At the ast «court, the eres hasbeen shown ina staggering 98 curries wold, © Inasmal way, The Smpsors probably contibiced tothe erie ofthe administration. det y wht aot of Americans recalls Scully "Paop'e who enjoyed he show didnt wate be tld tha they Were watching something hac or sup or something wrong for thelr Kes: D Seriousissues cop up regulary on the show, closed in humour and ivi arimatien:comupt media anc potas, inefective obcing the envrenmant. Groening again, In conceiving the shows | rade sue Home werkad n anucear powerplant because then we can keep returning to that ares ‘rating a pointabout the ersironment” Grammar Soa more animation eves has quety subverted the nors youth, helped to bring down president, been stamped all ‘over wnat we waar and changed the face a cantemporary animation. Now academics are using itn untvarstes: Having the donut and eating tse reflcuity in Th Simosonis part ofthe Ineduction to Cultural Studes module at edinourahs Nopier Univers. F Groening is cunky, bearded man with try spees, 2 py fringe, Simosons baseball jacket and baggy jeans. Oregon raised and LA-based since colege, he intially conceived he Sipser family 25a brie animated seqmont thin the nev Fox TY network’ Tccry nen Show. G And such was the case Intly wit Te Simao. Homer was seen 262 cegeaceful ole made! Barts lsolence toi elders woule encourage the same. Bart Simpson tshirts (notably “Underachiove and proud ci) becameso popular tha some sehwocls banned them forthek subversive messages H edocsnt matter shatboth episodes have been aired revously on telson, the second Usa fallin love ‘uth the school uly Bart Lis probably never say thisto you again, butyou can do beter. Watching short, smiling woman coms up with Ns voices surreal anc deeply inpressve 2 Complete these extracts with an appropriate participle form of the verbs in brackets. Whe the No | Kedak bar comer (1) (prence) in 1889 wes a cru landmark in de developement oF posasapy ono of he mes sigan caren in terms of modern phorograpiay were the Leen 1, (2) (iru) 1925, and he Kine Esaes of 1987, Ble (consider) tobe the forenunner of sophinicated SLR (single lone refen) cameras, However. nel the gia lion spell bone it eat the L980e Hasselt hich boss the mast wisely sed professions! Work hose comers ne oe} a ie dil a wide ange of spoil ascsores. (5) 3 (8) tw expire the owe Apel moon dadkng plrares the Halla sab sured ofa pase inthe hisory of phowzrap ‘One of the most dominant snsste that is pictures were Figures in photography; Hensi not eropped and was at pains Cartier Bresson’s approach to preserve his anonymiry. A is thar of the past, phrase (19) (lcnennrnnicnsns Se) (60am) by him to describe bis the mos: basic equipment and own approach ~"the decisive never 7) ‘moment’ — has become (resort) to the contuivance the watehword for many Cf unusual viewpoinis or thousands of photographers ‘exaggerated perspectives. (11) coe ee ed) @ 0 (12). (secure) a winning image. (sudy) painting, he wok up photography seriously in 1931, (9). (go 01) ro exere a tremendous influence on the medium. He BEFORE YOUR VERY EVES 29Vocabulary 3. Ineach ofthe following sentences two of the words in italics collocate with the noun, Put a tick (//) if the word collocates and a cross (4) if it does not. 4 Clive has rather unusual beady / busting / bulging eyes b Maria has delightful sparkling / rwinkling / gleaming eyes. ¢ The man gave Clare a fixing / menacing / piercing look. dit was hard to tell what Jo was thinking because of the bare / glazed / blank expression on her face. ¢ Adam was admitted to hospital suffering from double / blurred / bloodshot vision. 4 The words in capitals in these sentences are all anagrams of verbs meaning see. Use your dictionary to help you solve them. The fist and last letters of each word are given. EXAMPLE: Try to picture RuIPECT yourself lying on a beach in the hot sun, 21 Pnundl CREEVOIED a note of unhappiness in her voice. b RS often quite hard tog p skeac what the professor is saying. ¢ Teanf. © ESROSTE a time when everyone will use electric cars. The new bridge is a sight to b, d Louper ¢ People who are colour-blind can't d. -h usrpmisinat between red and green easily £ [was so surprised when he turned up ~ Td v. dl pALEUvsist someone much older, g Tthonght I g..........d snstpeze a shadowy figure at the window of the old house. h When do you ¢. © vENGESAI finishing the project? i He couldnit..........€ OCCENIVE ofa time when he would not be able to paint. Use of English 5. Complete the second sentence so that it has 2 similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do nat change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 Itis absolutely essential to get this parcel off today or we will lose the contract. despatched Uhis parcel eon fail or we will lose the contract. 2 Central Gallery is nowhere near as good since there was a change of ownership. downhill Central Gallery has really hands last autumn, 3. When I was young, cycling 80 kms a day was eacy, but I coulds't do it now. difficulty In my — _— so ‘eycling 80 kms a day, but I couldn't do it now. 4 Sarabis mother complained constantly but Sarah didn’t pay attention any more. notice Sarah no 7 complaining, \ UNIT?5 Goolf is unlikely to be invited to the wedding as he appalled everyone with the way he beh doubtful In view of his. be invited to the wedding. 6 They were playing so well, there was no way they would lose the final match. bound Such was the standard of se the final match, Read the text below and decide which answer (A,B, C or 0) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) Marcel Marceau, the mime artist Wearing white trousers and a striped vest, and with a (0)_.B._mask ofa face, the celebrated mime artist Marcel Marcoau produced a whole (1) uuu of unforgettable characters - waiters, sculptors, matadors and ballet dancers. One crite said of him He (2) in less than two minutes what most novelists cannot do in volumes.” of of Buster Keaton and [As a child in the 1920s Marcel enjoyed the silent mo the time learning from the (3) Charlie Chaplin how to express your feelings (4) mime. Mareal toured the whole world doing his mime show based on the antics of ‘Bip’, the character he created. The names Marcel Marceau and mime became (5) linked in the public mind and the Japanase in particular (6) under his spell. Marcel also appeared in several films, including Mel Brooks's original Silent Movie, in which Marceau spoke the only line ~ (7) the only audible word ~ "Non!" ‘The list of Marcel’s prizes and honorary doctorates is, enormous, and the eity of Faris has a permanent mime school ) after him. 0 A typical B truthful C precise D veritable 1 A host B gathering C multitude Deswarm 2A fulfilled B attained C accomplished D executed 3 A equals B C counterparts D parallels 4A through B across C under Dby 5 A inextricably B irretrievably C infallibly D irrevocably 6 Aro B fell C stood Diay 7A likewise B indeed C similarly D furthermore B Acntitled B called © termed D namedListening 1° You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1~6, choose the answer (A,B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are twvo questions for each extract. Extrast 0 ‘You hear two people talking about city life. 1 What docs the man say about the location of his childhood home? A It sill retains some of its appeal. B He appreciates more than ever how excellent it was. C People comment on itina sentimental way. 2. What does the woman imply about [A There is no ideal part to live in. B People in it have a cynical attitude. € The countryside is preferable to the towns. Extract Two You hear two people talking about a ity hotel. 3 The woman suggests that the hotel ‘management [A believe in keeping a very low profile. B are mach more ruthless than first appears. € do relatively litle to improve its state of repair. 4. What does the woman say about the staf? “Their politeness is feke and over the top. B They are well known for giving slow service. © Not all of them are honest end reliable 2) unit 8 Urban jungle Extract Three ‘You hear two people talking about a problem with cars in a local street. 5 The speakers agree that the problem with cars in this street A encourages people to chest the system B produces a distinetly strange situation causes a lot of confusion even among locals. 6 What do the speakers see as the real source of the problem? ‘A Residents! parking spaces aren't fixed B Non-residents are free to park there. C Too many permits are handed out. Use of English 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each ‘gap. Use only one word in each gap. Ci jsation and Urbanisation Early civilisations, a5 (1) nese to merely primitive carly societis, seem to have a common positive characteristic in (2) ceosssusinsnnnnne they change the human scale of things. They boring together the cooperative efforts of large numbers of people, usually bringing thers together physically in large agglomerations Civilisation is usually @ . be a marked by urbanisation. It bold individual who was willing 4 to draw a precise line at the moment when the balance Upped towards a dense pattern of agricultural villages clustered CE tee true city, However, itis perfectly ceasonable to say that more than Sraciss critical mass which produces civilisation. a religious centre or a market to reveal the frst other institution the city has provided the: Inside the city, the surpluses of wealth produced by agriculture © possible characteristic (a other things civilised life ‘They provided for the” upkeep of a priestly class which elaborated a complex religious structure, lading to the construction of great buildings serving more than merely economic functions, and in due ®. (othe writing down ofiterature,Use of English 3 Read the text below and decide which answer (A,B,C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) Urban gum crime Mayan tribes of South America would chew chicl, 3 natural I form of rubber, while the Ancient Grecks ()....A. the resin ‘of a mastic shrub, In modem Briain, ve lke to chew sticks and tablets of merufasured cum ~end (1)... of the tasteless sticky residue on the ground, Howaver, recent legislation in the UK means that used chewing gum ie now (2) a6 litter and anyone who dreps it on the pavament or (3) in any public pace is committing a cme ‘and can be fined. Some areas have coun liter wardens whe an (4) sener 99-the-spot fines. ‘Anew government campaign (5)... he ‘extent of the problom and ims t0 (6) arn awareness about this anti-social habit, for Instance with posters in shopping areas, Throughout the UK councils spend £150m 1 year removing chewing gum from the streets, and Edm of that i in London alone. Indirecty, this wom ners texpayers! money. 8) eens the main removal method, but use is also made of chemical sprays, freezing, pressurized water and steam. 0 A favoured B approved C commended D indulged 1 Adiscard —-B dispose C dispense disperse 2 Aranked —_B classified C systematised D codified 3 Aatanyrate B anyway Cevenso —_D indeed 4A fix B compel € impose —_D prescribe 5A features B declares C focuses —_—D highlights 6 A meke B provoke € grow D raise 7 Anodoubt B forsure C ofcourse —_D within reason 8 A Scraping —B Clawing € Scratching D Rubbing Grammar 4 Rewrite these sentences starting with ‘the word(s) given. ExaMpLt: The minute the mayor walked into her office, the phone started ringing. (No sooner) No sooner had the mayor walked into her office than the phone started ringing. The treffic ground to a halt just after they joined the freeway. (Scarcely) b The council only started showing interest in the redevelopment schemie last month. (Not until) ‘© These are by far and away the most imaginative proposals the city has ever received. (Never before) 4d Government investment in public transport is often not remotely adequate. (Seldom) ¢ The new transport newwork had not long been open when a number of similar schemes were announced in cities around the country. (Hardly) £ The only other time I have seen such deprivation was in slums that are now demolished, (Only once) § Itis very difficult for town centre redevelopments to achieve @ harmonious balance between old and new, (Rarely) hh After the minister had finished his, tour of inspection, he made his pronouncement. (Only after) URBAN JUNGLE 3B5 Rearrange these words to make meaningful sentences containing an inversion. The first two words of each sentence are correct. exaMpiie: Around the core city’s boulevard a fine intact medieval runs wide, Around the city’s intact medieval core runs a fine wide boulevard. 4 So stressful becoming more and more are seeking city Ife that alternatives is people. So stressful alternatives. b Under no take own circumstances matters residents their should into bands Under 10 nnn - hands, « Little was mayor to signed by was land desk a petition 50,000 people on his aware the that about. CL desk, d Onno property developers account will you everything tell believe should you. Onno se acc you. € Not only further on the way already unemployment a problem also losses job was were but. Not only 4 os £ Inno to jeopardise the scheme did they want of the success way. inno scheme. g Not one the development councillor accepted to observe the invitation. Not one, development. hi Little did demolition work so quickly and neither did she expect the to start Little did 1 Vocabulary 6 Rearrange the words in bold to complete the sentences. a ‘Racism in place no has football; said the team manager. b I'm sick of living with my parents. I just want my place own of a © I don't think you should come in here, sonny. This is for place a no child. di \... and with that record-breaking swim, Jennifer Davies has earned herself history aim place; said the commentator, € He can be difficult to get on with, but his right the heart’s place in. £ I'm not really bothered about that cookery course. You can my go place in if you want. & The whole course has been a disaster! I wish 'd never agreed to do it the in place first! 34 UNITS7. Use words from the box to complete the useful phrases with ‘place’. change fall hold lose save take (x 1 Keep your finger on the line you're reading, then you wont your place. b Willyou... me a place in the queue ~ 1 just need to go and get something else. € Ifyou will kindly _..____your places, ladies and gentlemen, dinner will be served shortly. Can 1 seaeom: places with you so Tcan get a beiter view? ¢ ‘Hmm, I'm starting to understand} said the detective. “Everythings beginning t© into place? f Here, just the wood in place and Pl serew it in g Marcie will un the place of Susan, who's unfortunately fallen ill 8 Take a word from the first box and a word from the second bx to complete these compound adjective collocations. The first one has been done for you. deep densely — Labour long (x 2) money slow world famous making moving —_pepelated rooted saving serving _winded densely | populated —_| area fear a pianist a > ‘explanation a : device a : ‘vehicle a - member of staff a < venture @ Complete these extracts with nouns from the boxes. burden offers air flow hour standards departure road-users transport ‘After little investment in infrastructure for 25 yoars, Californias 0) oe system fs groening “The situation is so bad that businesses complain about poteniel employees turning down job (2) enim snnnone tat woUle raquire them 9 spend several bours a day driving. Gar makers axe ‘also eoncermed. They worry thatthe poor @) __..quality in California's suburban ‘ess ill mean they arn ordared to mast impossibly strict design (41. vo reduce pollation. Road pricing has leng heen championed by economists, keen to impos more ofthe exiermal costs of driving on (8) nn oy charging them a fee that reflects not just the distance ‘travelled but also tha time end route ofthe joumey Commuting imposes @ heavier () when i148 done at rush (7) cco Joumeys ought to cost a driver mare. In thoory, rivers will then adjust thelr (8)... ‘imop ind smooth out the (9) . ‘uaiffic through the day. URBAN JUNGLE 359 Reading 1 36 You are going to read an introduction toa book about clothes and fashion. For questions 1-10, choose from the ‘ectlons (AD), Which section ‘explains why non-mainstream fashion risks the possibility of social disapproval? makes the point that fashion cannot be taken out of its historical context? suggests a temporal link between wearing clothes and painting the body? explains that certain clothes eventually become recognised es merely of historical interest? suggests that someone might dress in @ particular way in order not to attract attention? suggests that clothes could be used to assert social standing? mentions 2 fashion item which reflects a trend in society? mentions clothes being put on in a very elaborate manner? ‘mentions satisfying ones own curiosity as a possible motive for dressing in unusual ways? offers an explanation for the way in which dress codes o THE SOCIAL PHENOMENON THAT IS FASHION [A Fach day as we prepare to meet our world we perform very opal lua geting esse. This may mean ony adding @ (ca of war pant or freshening grass gir. Ort may be ‘te painstaking ceremenius ring ofa monarch. For most tus, however, means te exchange frighten for day cloths, Ateugh nakecness ¢ces stl exist n some Iolatec ‘commutes thero appears to bone scioty that is onily. ccmpcced of totaly unadcred human beings. Te desire to lier orto ect to the orginal natural ato isco preven ‘the human species thal we must assume i is become an ‘nda human tt When di it bin? tcerteny precades recorded istry. Body covering was probably the fst ‘man-made sale andthe hurran skin the earest canvas. UNIT9 i a Standing erest with his ares and hands fee fo unton i covey anus ta sco scored hasanabi ‘rama ecu accommacste a wie vail of pysical se= Improvernts He shouldrs could support a mantle to t : i Br) aI Br GL @ @o nate? protect him from the elements. To stand out above his peers ‘and ciate his sunerioe ton he found his head coulé be ‘an excellent foundation for ecdng stature and imperance Intertwined with these motheting factors end bung on them was the human instinct for creative expression, an ‘ult for the asteis spi B Changes in neds and coks oftn blur the purposes that ‘tigialy gave aries cf turer raiment a raison ate. \estoes sre relecaled t aden; cers undergo 2 kin ot utation. The shelteing mane, or example, can became 2 magoifieent but cumparsone robe of sate, Amuets, their syfnbots fost or fxgoten, tecmne obs of dacoration to show ofthe weavers woath. Man is 8 gregarious creature ‘And tough innovations ara changes may be ntiated ‘by incvidualy, the inspiration that inggrs thom gros out ‘fhe Inovators envionment, and ther acceptance or tcjecten is detoriod by hie cocaty. Nothing en graptuclly eflects social and culture patterns a the manner in which indvidals within socity alter thir original appesranco, Fechion can boa powertl force. Societies evtve tor thamelves st of rule, and mest people, cenascnsy or _subcenscivsly, d their ost to conform. The noncerformsts, {hose who do not wish oom in tie game, must ether coverta laters an go alr or sure conser eas. other i woud be unlily to ake sense. How ‘Thege reculations are hardy capricious. Thei roots are in __ fer anple, cout an eran rian a Roman sear ‘tw tundaton of a seo whl, teu composed ct op str stacker poate wig? india deep an ier ffs ewn ar an trot Yor sersinges rreugh te spear es, uch vais {or so resent A oregon dross is a ranfot i eco can op chart the coro of seca mare, mora ‘eta visio unter of sacl! grup. Boca this “des, tha march of xine and te progress of tos. costume if reaé properly can give us an insight not only inte: This woul oxplan why the genealogy of clothes recaives: ‘the class structure of a social erganization bet else nto tks the rapt attention of the psycholccist, socioiccist, economist, ‘efigicn and aesthotics, its fears, hopes and goals. Today our ix _anthropologst ard art historian, each osing fhe seme ‘clothes continue to reflect our anxieties and hove we try to ton: Ny do oni wear what they wear" Why, cope nit re. Cur city fran becoing gba The ‘nes nav nan bones chose otarsfom tonsehves ‘eco words rage for jeans is an example ofthis new so astonishingly? For the sake of the flesh or the spirit? For ‘universality and the wholesale movement to brea down past themselves and their own inquistive nature or for the eyes of ares ~ ger apa and sock. 'D_ Fashion is the mirror of history,’ King Louis XIV of France ‘urrectly observed. But fone were to transpose a Fashion Use of English 2. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight ‘words, including the word given. 1 Do you mind ifT don’t come back to the office after T've been to the dentist at lunchtime? afternoon Would you have any... my denial appointment? off after 2. Everyone knows you are not allowed to smoke on domestic flights ban Weis COMMON ees flights on domestic 3 He knew nothing of his wife’ impending promotion, about Little. to be promoted. 4 He can't possibly have said anything like that. misheard YOU r€8L1Y cere completely 5 All this media attention is quite unusual for a contemporary painting. Seldom. i much media attention. 6 Brian was offended when the teacher accused him of being disruptive. being Brian took... -w disrupting the lesson. FITTING IN (7Vocabulary 3. Which of these characteristics from the Chinese zodiac are negative? Use your dictionary to help you decide. Some may be a matter of opinion! ‘The Horse athlete eloquent ententsining gitted hhawe-working independent quick-witted ruthless selfish unfeeling ‘The Goat isiaisfiod insecure imesponsibie lovable peaceloying pessimistic sweernatured ‘undisciplined unpunetnal ‘The Monkey enthusiastic inventive long-winded passionate Uunjithful untruthfal untrastworthy witty > F 3. ‘The Rooster amusing boastful conservative extravagant fndustrius raistrustful pedantic pompous shortsighted vhacous ‘The Dog. courageous eynienl devoted intoverved modest noble prosperous respectable selless stubborn { = ‘The Pig gullible hones: eal materialistic naive noncomperiive serupelous sensitive sincere sore 4 Match the signs to these descriptions, underlining the characteristics in the table above that justify your answers. EXAMPLE: They are funny, lively and hard-working, but they can alse be a bit suspicious and self important. Rooster ~ amusing, vivacious, industrious, mistrustful, pompous a Honourable, brave and well-to-do, they tend to attach easily to people and put others first, but they can be inward- looking and a bit obstinate b Abit innocent and easily taken in, they like the fine things in life and poy attention to detail. Very genuine, they enioy being among people and will always stand by their friends. ‘They are amusing, eager people who ere good at thinking things up, but they can be unteliable and may not always tell the truth. 4 They are kind and gentle people, easy to love, but not always easily pleased. They sometimes lack confidence, often have an underdeveloped sense of responsibility and can't always look on the bright side — #) units ‘Add an appropriate prefix to make ‘the opposite of these adjectives from. ‘exercise 3. Use your dictionary to help you. EXAMPLE: unsociable a cn wenthusiastic —& b .....honest f © Joyal 8 sensitive 4 ...modest sincere Find the six compound adjectives in ‘exercise 3 and use the fist ward of each to complete these sentences, Use your dictionary to help you. There may be more than one correct answet. EXAMPLE: Some parents have a lot to put up with but are extremely long-sujering ‘a The affair may have been very public but it was very _.....lived. b The councillor’ .....chitting remarks at the meeting upset alot of people. ¢ The Finance Director is renowned for being rather tempered At election time, you will find talking politicians everywhere. In any confrontation, her brother always adopts a. ..ckeeping role. Which prefix can attach to every word in ‘each lst below? Use your dictionary to help you decide and check any meanings you don't know. PxAMPLt: bearing, joyed, wrought over (overbearing, overjoyed, overwrought) ‘a conscious literate, skilled b disposed, eminent, possessing, occupied € dated, going, raged, ranked, standing assured, centred, important, opinionated, satisfied, styledGrammar 8 Use linkers from the boxes to complete these extracts. You will not nead to use them all. at any rate consequently furthermore having said that to some extent Dey Mes herons Having investgned dhe mate, we are sti that ne nist hasbeen made on AT. (0) anni Ind thot our tes nafPhave seed in a courts and compan ance.) adie agree wih your equ fr nun and her commpenen. 0) __- wel the icons acangs the oni you rear i de ore svthia one week ofthis rer, allthe same eventhough in brief what's more on the contrary ‘Senior management are deterrinad to push on wit the policy reforms ($) ‘everyone has pointed out several problems with these PrOPOSAE. 6) nena Mr Davies Intends to go further thar he has indicated in his ‘mall to al staff of 23 March, He claims that staft recresertatives have been ‘obstuctive and citical; ° we believe we have acted in 1 positive, constructive manner inshort likewise for that reason. on the whole Anita has overseen 2 major acquisitien, she has increased profits by thirty per cent she has restored shareholder confidence in the frm f) she thas transformed this company since he took over twelve years ago. @.... vn David has had a huge impact-on the company ‘since he arved nine years aga. 9 Gerund or infinitive? Complete these sentences with ‘an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. there may be more than one correct answer. EXAMPLE: They decided fo put off tidying (put off / tidy) the house until their visitors had left a She stopped an. (iron) her clothes and started (pot) them away b He regretted (take) the job when he found he couldnt stand vemnne (Work) With his new boss. © The new recruits all promised. (improve) their standard of dress at work. Apparently, no-one minds her (be) so untidy round the house, Her housemates dont like (be) tidy themselves! e They managed... oun (defuse) the situation and .. (avoid / get) caught up in an ugly scene. f We meant (practise / do) the yoga exercises but the director objected to us on» (use) the room. 1g Having advised him (embark) ‘ona course of therapy, the counsellor went soeennenn (SUUBGESt) that he try snnnen (860) a few different therapists before choosing one to work with. on hh Until she heard his voice, she had forgotten _.. (meet) him three years ago. i ‘Remember. .. (stay) calm, whatever happens! she shouted after him. J) You've let your house (get) ina terrible state, There’ no point ..... (try / clean) it yourself — you'd better (get) a professional cleaner in. kT was hoping... for the occasion, but my parents have forbidden vw (buy) a new outfit, me wa nu (spend) any more money! 1 Predictably, he denied ie) to them about the theft. mvc only found two things worth... (read) in this newspaper. He’ been meaning for a couple of weeks now. (phone) you FITTING IN 39LOR Globalisation Listening 1 3 You will hear part of a discussion programme in which a businessman called David anda linguist called Ivana are speaking about the theme of symbols. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A,B,C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. 1 The view is expressed that brands should A symbolise something people enjoy. B seek to utilise something visually unusual, C learn to be more co-operative with each other. D represent more than just a business proposition, 2 When talking about globalisetion both speakers agree that A the Internet has a huge influence. B the positive symbols outweigh the negative ones. C major sporting events are well-meaning but flawed. D people are right to take a benevolent view. 3. What point does Ivana make about language? A Some languages are particularly disposed towards symbols, B Writers use symbols in the same way as everyone else. C There is some debate as to what constitutes ¢ symbol. D Speakers of « language use symbols without realising it 4 What does David say about the symbol in his hockey team’s name? A It should really be changed. B Its somewhat misleading, C It was initially misinterpreted. D It puts pressure on the team. 5 What do both speakers find absurd about colour symbolism and carst A the idea that a red car is any easier to see B the notion of linking a driver's character with car colour C the contradictory arguments used by one insurer D the suggestion that insurers are influenced by cultural symbols 2. Recall these useful collocations and phrases from the listening by matching a word or \words from Column A with one from Column B. The first one has been done for you as an example. A B (to) project — icons (to) update controversy commercial belonging a sense of ~~ an image cultural transaction political alogo JBB Check your answers by listening again to the recording. 40 UNIT 10Use of English 3. Read the toxt below and decide which answer (A, 8, Cor 0) best fits each gap. There is an ‘example at the beginning (0). Wau Were) ‘Tay telling the Reverend Reginald Foster that Latin isa dead language, The response will bye a impassione! rant from a teacher who has dedicated a lage (0) ..B.. of his ie to kesping the forerunacr ofthe English and Romaree languages ave. A man on a (1) scnenes he speaks only ia Latin co his students, (2) the languaase vo life with bis dramatic resiations But Reverend esters not alone, Latin plays «special part in Itlan cultural hentage, and politicians and academics bave (3) a...» concerns that enthusiasm for Latin in schools Appear t0 be on the (4)... because ofthe populatity of English. Some purists even Feo this (5) cone thee national identity They have a point; in my experience Teallans teem obsesied with using: English words, and will (6) wane Engiish word into a sentence even when 2 perfectly good nasive word will (7) But need we really fear for Latin just yt? Maybe not, Even i it soa its lsc (8) has survived for over 2,000 yeas, 0A volume B chapter Coct D scene 1 A remit B task € vocation D mission 2A getting B putting € bringing D setting 3A conveyed B voiced C uttered D sounded 4 Awane B fall C ebb D drop 5 A deteriorating B eroding Codisintegrating iD eating 6 Aslip B push C cast D post 7 A answer B satisty € suffice D content 8 A laughs B leases € lengths Diegs 4 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in ‘each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Plai shreds Patament Sais, London, and), inirmaton was bing am $001 naunane 08 the campaign Ths (6) she deed lf eg 8) tarts and recipies of ooby prizes gully English [WHEN CHRISSIE MAMER FOUNDED THE Plain English Campaign in 1979, title did, o, difference she would make to many people's lives, Exesperatod by the complicated language of government forms and dacaments, Chrissie famously (Doscmene tndreds of these to she realise what a Chrissie knew she faced a difficult time persuading government departments and also big companies to use plain English, Lack, sed (4) aa ‘portant lesson from er sunt in Loadon. ~ that gubiicity was a pomerfal tool. So she staged the frst of her Phin English Campaign Awards. Trophies were given to organisations which communicate cleacly and booby prizes to those rewrote their erature Chrisie went o. -» to demand clear ‘formation for consumer conteacte, ©... mony lawyers. argued thor reiting legal documents in simple English could be unsafe. ‘The Campaign's standarcs are now recognised workdwides their ‘erystal mark’ is 2 guaraniee that a documeat is ‘weit in unserstandabte English, q GLOBALISATION 45 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form ‘3 word that fits In the gap in the same line. There is an example at the bey What is globalisation? (0)... fssentially, it means that today, mors than ever bofore, ESSENCE groups and individuals interact directly across frontiers, without (1) ..... NECESSITY | involving tha stats. This hapoers cary because of new tachnotgy, and par because j states have found that @) ___ ls better served by releasing the reaive PROSPER norges of ter poop than by retreting tem, The thooretcal batts of gbalation ae cbvous: aster gronth higher ving standards, new opparurites, but the problem is these bens ae ¥ (nnn EQUAL Paul Landy, 49, were old enough to know better but [> ~ somehow the two could not manage to work alongside each other. The two set up their partnership three years g0 in Sevenoaks, Kent; but stopped talking just three ‘months after their business started. Both staff and around 3.500 patients hive been asked to decide on which side their loyalties lie as the practice is formally divided — expecially dificult for the staff, who have already tad 1-55 to become used to being paid separately by the warring doctors. Although an extreme case, it demonsteates just how bad things can get when communication and underscanding, break down between colleagues at work Office feuds can be experienced in even the friendliest of environments. Ye Bat what to do when faced with one? Whether you are involved directly or an innocent bystander watching others cusdle the workplace atmosphere, Jane Clarke, author of Office Poiiics, offers some sound advice. "On the whole, people do not like dealing with conflict, but it is very important to geah the bull by the horns, If you feel you ate able to, you ‘should try and sort it out. [F not, the very least you can do is report it to a manager who should rake sure that ~~ -workers know that bad behaviour in the worlsplace will not be tolerated. ‘But what causes accimony in the first place? Reasons ‘can be as diverse as a clash of perscnlities, jealousy, beckstabbing or a simple misunderstanding. If you are personally Involved = and almost all of us have been in one way or another ~ then the best thing to do, says Clarke, is 10 try to put yourself i the other person's shoes. Easier said than done, since empathy is not an easy emotion to come by, even to the most virtuous. Lag Olen it is easy to dump on the other person and 2 blame them totally for the situation hut remember it is ‘your problem and you have a responsibility to try to resolve it) says Clarke. 44\ UNIT 1 Listening skills are vital. IF the problem is beoween other colleagues, things can be a bit trickles. You may not be the gallant sort ~ practising an unhealthy dose of denial is fotten what most people would preter to do ~ but ignoring the situation will not make it go aay. So what are your options?‘ you fecl you are-up 0 It ty talking with the feuding parties individually and try tov understand what the tssue is? advises Clarice. "Make tt clear that itis not an acceptable state of aliairs? Mediation is ancther option; get the tio parties to sit together and act as a bulfer zone. You might have the lunge (0 Das their heads together, but it won't achieve a great deal. As Clarice says, ‘Sometimes it is a ease of translating: People are oftea so different that i seems that they speak a different language. ‘Any meetings between disputing colleagues should hhave some follow-up. Ail invoived should be made aware Df the next steps = failing to do this could mean that the situation repeats itself Negative energy between people need not produce 66 bad karma, Harnessed creatively, it can actually become positive force. So, if you are having problems with 68 office dullards who insist on putting downers on any Dpright mew leas youi migh have, use thete ertictsm ane! 70 objections as a way of really testing a brainwave. Surely if can survive them, it can survive anyone. Iry looking al people’ weaknesses as sirengii: assign a pedant 10 research the finer details of a project the loudmouth of the office can always be pushed forward when it comes to public speaking. Disputey and il feelings can arise botl among ‘employees or between employce and employer, a fact Clearly ifustrated by the record numbers of people who contacted the coreiliation service ACAS over the past year, Reaccuringly, however, 76% of eases were kextled through ‘mediation ~ an indication, pechaps, thar rather than working on building walls ia the workplace, we should be bringing them down.1 In telling the story of the two doctors, the writer suggests they ‘A didn't give their partnership enough of a chance. B were totally incompatible from day one. € should have been able to resolve their problems, D were introverted and intolerant people. 2 What main point is the doctors’ story used to illustrate? ‘A Conflicts at work divide staff and clients. B The failure of relationships at work can have serious consequences. € Work conflicts can happen where you least expect them, Dit is not always easy to know how to handle conilicts at work 3 According to Jane Clarke, office disputes ‘A occur for any number of reasons. B are caused in the first instance by acrimonious feelings. are usually attributable to personality differences, Ditend to arise when least expected. Grammar 4 The view is expressed that work conflicts will not get resolved unless both parties A have a personal involvement, B accept some blame for the situation. € commit to finding a solution, D accept each other ina spirit of friendship. ‘5. Which phrase from the penultimate paragraph sums up its main point? A bad karma (line 65) B harnessed creatively (line 66) putting downers on (line 68) D testing a brainwave (line 70) 6 Which of the following best describes the tone of the article? A constructive and practical B detached and critical C understanding and empathetic D ironic and dismissive 2. Which of the adverbs in italics are correct? Sometimes both options are correct, sometimes neither option is correct. Delete the incorrect options ang, if neither option is, correct, suggest a suitable altemative, EXAMPLE: All three couples seemed entirely / very pleasant and mbsohutely / eminently suitable as foster parents. a ‘The new receptionist is inmmensely / deeply grateful to you for putting in a good word for her with her boss. bb There was something deeply / absolutely mysterious about her, which he found extremely / rather attractive, © In this day and age, itis utterly / entirely unusual for couples to get married, let alone stay together ‘ill death them do part 4 The Line managers say the proposed pay rises are woefully /jairly inadequate and grossly / greatly unfair. € New technology may be absolutely / completely marvellous, but developing « good working relationship with it can be extrentely / pretty challenging! £ The new Finance Manager was really / eminently upset by the MD's remarks. We all fet they were pretty / quite hostile and not entirely / mainly reasonable. & My new boyfriend finds my father rather / utterly intimidating, but Dad’s actually completely / quite harmless. Ih She’ highly / woefully old now, but still gute / really determined to be independent. 1 He’ fairly / absolutely devoted to his cat. It’s uiterly / immensely hopeless trying to change him now! poueere ranwoell (eVocabulary 3. Which of the suffixes in the box can be used ta make adjectives ‘rom these verbs and nouns? Use your dictionary te help you write in cortect adjectives. Don't forget to indicate any possible negative forms using prefives! able -ary ful ible ical -ive less -ous -some a argue (un)arguable, argumentative b awe © defend 4 fear forget imagine g moment h rest 1 sense j use 4. Use adjectives from exercise 3 ta complete these sentences, EXAMPLE: At this stage, itis arguable which of them is more to blame for the problems in their relationship. TRI UIE cnn capable of achieving in life, bb She may have been extremely upset with him, but her __-how much some people are behaviour was quite... ¢ Starting a new life alone after years of marriage is a rather _. Prospect for any new divorcee. 4 Tee noticed I'm becoming more and more these days. I must be getting old! € Weneed to be sure that their grievances are real and not £ What do you think was the most... discovery of the eighteenth century? Both parties were becoming the mediation proceedings to begin. 1h That’ utterly absurd, T've never heard anything quite so waiting for in my waole life! Sadly, their efforts to work out their problems were a ‘They've gone their separate ways 5 Match these adverbs and adjectives to make appropriate collocations and use them to complete the sentences below. blindingly ‘banal comparatively biased deceptively rare heavily obvious highly questionable radically simple ridiculously reformed anterky cheap EXAMPLE: It was supposed to be a serious documentary programme, but the chatty approach was awful and made it utterly banal TCS cnr whether these goals can be achieved ‘within the time available. b A book this old in such good condition 188 z 2 find these days. © The research they based on a so-called ‘random’ sample of couples turned out to be iis a The test was — looked much easier than it realy was e twas to everyone, except it seemed t© the manager herself, that the new. proposals would not work. £ The 20th century saw many national institutions g £251. for something that normally costs £250 — there must be something wrong with it6 Correct the spelling mistakes that exam candidates made in these sentences, taken from the Cambridge Learner Corpus. This isa huge socrifise that should be rewarded with respect and appreciation b L think this little story gives a good explaination of why people store useless objects, In the air it is possible to feel the happiness. Ladmire the strenght and courage of such people. If my wishes are not fullfilled, I am thinking of taking steps to go to court. The role of the computer in today’s society is crusial ‘The media broadcast pictures of children like skeletons from melnutzicion. ‘This cottage with its special athmosphere helped us to forget about our problems. Since he played proffessionally in an orchestra, he was offered a scholarship. We became very fond af each other and nobody could separete us. Children are no longer inocent creatures waiting for their grandfather to tell them a story. Use of English 7. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gop. Use one word only in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). How on earth does she cope? Rican Evens hes spent the part of rvehe months. So why on (5) sow fa Hifetime lave year surviving the wilds of earth did she let him go? thing for Richard, If he hadnt gone 1 ‘Alaska living alone in a cabin in Emily explains, “Well, as Alasea, TLeouldt't have lived wich that 0) ron BEA cme 10 ‘discover (4) Oa conscience. himeelf Ie sounds faneastic, concerned, ies not a question of Being separated fora yeari Imomenvous and admirable the only "leting’ hin do anyrhing, Marriage ics not as bad as having an unhappy rouble (1) coos he shouldelt hold you back. You husband. The time apart is 2 small has a wie, Emily, and cwo chien, swe, In our marriage vows we sid (7) wo pay if all of (2) cewmenewes He has weld support each other Ta our i means we get a bower life at the Jefe behind. Emily has not seen her separate dreams as well as in our (8)... of i husband forthe (3) collective ones: And this was a 8 Here are some more sentences about the same story. Complete the gaps in the same way. without Richard, good her promise to be supportive a People often ask Emily what lifes been 1b There is no doubt that Emily is... and, the difficult circumstances, she wouldn't have it any = Way. © ‘When we decided to go vo With the idea, it made perfect oa for me and the kids to move back to Scotland to be near my own: parents? 4 ‘We dicntt want to stay in our old house in England, we done that, Richard’ absence would've been more keenly felt? FOR BETTER, FOR WORSE aiP At the cutting edge Listening 1 aI You will hear five short extracts in which different people are talking about the Internet ‘TASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker's attitude is towards the Internet Attitudes ‘A frustrated by the way it invites misuse B enthusiastic about its potential Speaker 1 a C sceptical of claims about its safety Speaker? i D indifierent to its existence . F intolerant ofits trviality Speaker 3 eam F concerned about the speed of its development Speaker 4 ca G purzted by its complexity coeds si H accepting of its drawbacks, TASK TWO For questions 6-10, choose from the list (A~H) what each speaker currently uses the Internet for most. A research for work: B pursuing « personal hobby Speaker 1 ei € checking financial details Speiierd: ia D completing a piece of work making a future arrengemen F doing favour for somebod G contacting a colleague 1H making purchases Grammar 2. Complete the sign explanations below using an appropriate verb from the box in the passive ‘with a modal if necessary. There is sometimes more than one correct answer. extinguish Keep leave park permit remove reserve switch off wear Exams: Cars may be parked free of charge but vehicles and their contents are leftentizely at the owners’ risk Eye protection at all times. All cigarettes Alfie exits neuen lear and free of rubbish. _. before entering this area Mobile phones before entering this concert hall ¢ No unauthorised persons o this point £ This space for disabled parking only. beyond an Ceiaere Unauthorised vehicles eit ICAR PARK) FREE AT OWNERS RISK3 Read the text and look at the words in bold. igs search Q What Causes Motion Sickness? Motion alckness ie caused by reposted motion such as from the swell ofthe sea, the movement of aca, or the ‘motion of a plane in turbulent air In the inner ez, which Is cttical for detecting motion, his affects our sense of | pelance and equilortum and, hence, our sense of spatial ‘orientation. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting and dizziness. ‘The symproms appear when the cential nervous system receives confcting messages. The brain senses motion through three different pathways of the nervous eyetem that sond signals coming from tha inner ear, the eyes and the deeper tceues of the body suriace. \When the body is maved intentional, for example when we walk, our brain coordinates the input from all three: ‘pathways. Whon there is unintentional movement of the body, es oocurs during motion when driving in @ ca. the brain js not coordinating tre Input, and wa think there is dscoordination or confict among the input from the three pathways. We hypothesize that the confict among the inputs is responsiole for meton sickness, ‘The distrassing symptoms of motion sickness usually stop when the motion thal causes it ceases. However, there are people who suffer eymetoms for even @ few days after tha trip is over. Ona common suggestions imply look out of the windew of the moving vehicle and ta gaze toward the horizon in the lection of travel. This reorientates the Iner sense of bance by providing & vésual reaffirmation of motion. A simple remecly is chewing, \Whieh reduces adverse effects of the conflict between vision and balence. ‘Where there is a verb in bold in the text above rewrite the phrase or sentence ‘to make it passive. The first one has been done as an example. a affects cur sence of balance and. equilbrium are. affected. ard. b receives ‘i © senses d coordinates ¢ think there is... ¥ hypothesize g ceases h reorientates i reduces : Vocabulary 4 Hidden in the box ate 12 verbs. To find them you need to look horizontally ~+ and vertically !, One has been done for you. When you have found them all, think of one verb which they could all be said to mean. Paes |Z ole [|= 15) ls el>lclalal> => Pe E> Blo|o|m|>/e/>|a|N | Im|w AT THE CUTTING EDGE 495 Complete these sentences using each verb from exercise 4 once. You may need to change the form of the verb. pxampte: The mani face was severely lacerated in the accident. A programmer has managed to...... He esas open the envelope with a knife. ‘again already, Fats into some top-secret government data a b © My hair grows s0 fast, it needs 4. In biology classes at school we used to. © The museum was broken into by vandals again last night and several paintings were f 8 h Could you... mea very thin piece of cake? into a metal plate. ‘The design is... She's and changed jobs for as long as F've known her. away at his violin, making a terrible noise! snnuu SRgeOnS have been able to sew it back on. several tumours from the wall of the He was, Although his hand was completely k During the operation, the surgeon patient's stomach, 5 Complete these sentences with the appropriate adverb particle or preposition. There may be more than one correct answer. PxAMPLE: Apparently he was really cut up about the research grant being withdrawn, a Its time this engine had a service. It keeps cutting b They were hoping a good talking to would cut her : size © Although she came from a wealthy family, she was cut cso. Without a penny. It's a problem that seems to cut... all strata of society. ¢ As funds start to get low. we may have to cut ne Jab time. £ He doesn't think twice about cutting ‘ ‘no matter who you are talking to, & The bandage was so tight it was starting to cut sevnenn the cireulation. h Hove you finished cutting... yet? wan the templates i She was so angry she cut the cheque sn. lOts of little pieces. J Three more trees would have to be cut before the site was cleared. Its quicker if you cut 1 There’s an awful lot of red tape 10 eu before we get the project up and running, the park. — UNIT 12 7. Use the nouns from the box to complete ‘useful idiomatic phrases highlighted in bold. ‘There is one noun that you will not need to buttons edge fuse. machine screw test wavelength _years a Camaneta has his opponent a: his mercy, and now he’ really turning the 1b Here at JBB were at the cutting of pharmaceutical research. © Professor Jakes is very hard to talk to: Tm not quite sure I'm on the same — as her. dd Marias department runs like a well- oiled aren © Don't do enything to upset Mr Appleby ~ he's got rather a short f Shamanova ran well in Budapest two weeks ago, but the acid... of her ability will be the European ‘Games next month. Tim afraid I think companies like Ravelli are light terms of research and development, ahead of us in8 Unscramble the words in brackets to complete useful idiomatic phrases. a Barcelona have had a decent start to their 4 T think Roger will get the job. Hes young, season, but you sense they're not yet _ ‘enthusiastic and he... = s une all firing cylinders on). os (che buttons all right pushes), bb You'll be Fine in your algebra test, don't worry! ‘€ Nadal played brilliantly in the first two sets, but _ (its science not rocket)! TOtHEE ance — © LOOK, Em SOMTY 10 oan (out ran of steam) later in the match, (spanner the put works in a), but I £ Thope that’ clear, but just... soe really don't think this proposal is going to work. _ (the hammer point to home), let me show you one last slide, Use of English 9. Read the text below, Use the words given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Just how (0)... should 2 popular science book be? This may Seem an odd questeon, but READ ‘there is an importa issue at stake hee, Ths was made clara te Avenlis Science Book Awards, when jury airman Lewis Wolpert (1) _. espoused the cause for mating the genre more demanding PASSION cof ed's, The biologist believes too many science witers are now tanning sted Of (2D ueesnuimrmnne _ COMPLEX ‘Ashe ponts out, the pubic doesnot expect yet (3). figues iheJames owe cr LUTERATE “TS. Hot to be cay to fllon, Indeed, readers positively reich their inicate styes. So why then do we not have such (4). of scence waters? EXPECT Wolpert bale is (5)... by his juny choice of winner ~ Brian Greene's long, EXAMPLE dense and extremely technical The Elegant Universe, a singularly (6) iseon COMPROMISE cosimology, But how far should one go Gow this route? Although elegantly waiten, the book is so dense and ‘opaque thats pushes the nction of popular science wing clase tothe precipice of (F)..... se COMPREHEND ard leaves one fearful that tl only aunt, athe than ato, the (8). eons INMATE 10 Complete the second sentence so thet it has a similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words. 1 Research seientists are having to carry out too 3 You'll never believe how marvellous the Great many aclministratve tasks. Pyramid is unless you soe it. required seen Research scientists ae an ‘The Great Pyramid has = _..much of an ss believed! administrative roe. 4 Grants tutor told him he had too many scientific 2 Hes done something very brave that most men terms in his presentation wouldr’t be capable of doing, cut takes Grants tutor told him: cus a — of scientific terms in what he did. his presentation.Reading Save the planet 1 You are going to read a newspaper article about an eco trip to South Africa, Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article, Choose from the paragraphs AH the one which fits each gap 1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use Blooms with a view Mike Herd explores te fynbos, a region of South Africa se ee ee emer ee For five days and nights in February 2006, the fire blazed ‘2. 50mie trail om the outskiris of Cape Town down towards Africa's southeramost point. Then, unexpectedly, the wind changed direction — meaning workers and fire staffat the Groothos Prieate Neture Reserve stood ro chance against the flames. Conference guests had to be hurriedly evacuated before tie lodge complex vwas completely engulfed. So how come Groothos's chiet botanist, Sean Privett, is smiling ashe recalls that dramatic incident? ‘Hey, they were just buildings, they oul be rebuilt, he says witha grin, ‘Bat tsa also a whole new opportunity for rare plant species to germinate ‘and flourish, We foanel something like 70 new species therein the month ater the blaze L ‘Sean, we discover, isnot the only persoa around here who {s fanatical about flowers. This beautiful strech of South Afzica's Western Capo, mown as the Overberg, may be a prime spot for watching whales znd great white sharks, boa. for many ofits landowners the priority is protecting. the proteas, orchid, ercas and earniverous sundew plants (Jo ame but four ofthe region's floral Exiles) which ‘make up the fyabos ~shrubland with as rich an array of plant species as vou'l ind anywhere on the planet. Grotboe's conservation efforts began 20 years ago, when Heiner Latgeyer and his son Michael bought the original 12ehectare farm, nd Heiner stared photographing and documenting its indigenous fore. 2 | “Thess a eT ve ees SRT Recs, ‘And whe guests are seated fo he height of estar kana “ncudng what ay be the words rest view det rom both is ear tht conservation, inking @ son Cornmiment o editing nd employing workers or the pores lal coat, cess he primary concern in what the Grootbos website calls ‘this botanic wonderland’. 52 \ UNIT a3 2 Fortunately, in addiiion o beach horse riding and whale watching, Grootbos also lys on a trademark ‘lower safan twintrodice guests to the most striking fora om the reserve, And today we're lucky enough to have Sean and his battered ‘old Jeep guiding us. First question, chen: whats the floral equivalent of seeing a lion? a ‘As we try te follow Sean's identlying yells, bright lashes of ‘colour and scent assault us from al directions, Amnong them ‘delicate pinks end yellows of litle erica plants, heatherike flowers that atthe right times of year bathe whole valleys in ‘apo, yellow or white wash. No two neighbouring plants, it ‘scems, are over allowed to hail from the same species. I's fas the fymcs has been designed by 2 mak! botanist who's bees overdoing it oa the organic fertilise. & By the end ofthe sala, Ie lost eount ofhow many wei and wonderful spies we have encountered ~ from sgectacular crimson candelabra lovers that detach and rot along withthe wind tothe orangedowered and notatall- potent wild meena plants. In danger of joining the ranks ofthe forally obsessed mysel, I poner out oud why there should be quite so many differen: cies of plant here. é “These conditions are als proving Increasingly altrective to winemakers, who reckon tricky sels produce more inceresting vines because the grepes have to work harder: But rather than proving en iritant to local conservationist, the neighbouring Lemnand wine estae belongs tothe region's pioneering ‘biodiversity and wine initiative’, which pledges to protect rare and endangered plan: species by only tsing sustainable farming methods, z Almost cveryone, it seems, understands the fragility of the ‘ecosystem here ~and wth good reason. One recent report counted the Cape Flristc Region as among the 10 places in the world moa threstened by climate change: a predicted ‘temperature rise of 1 °C over the next 40 years woukl spark a dramatic increase in the number of wildfires like the one that i so mach damage in 2006. The eco equation says the fybos neo fre to Butish ~ bi co oo fen, ot wll be wiped out entre