PRONOUNS (DAI Dal tu (pronouns) la tirdiing dé thay thé cho danb tu, Dai tirco thé duoe chia thanh nhumg loat sau day: |. Bal tirnhan xung (personal pronouns) duge chia lam 2 loal: 1, Dai tir lam chai ngut (subjective pronouns) Singular Plural Ngoi tht] Ast person 1 We NgoithitIT 2nd person You You Ngoithi Ill 3rd person Her She/ It They ‘am going to the store. We would like to leave now. Tewas she who called you. 2. Dai tirlam tan nga (objective pronouns) Tome Heshim We-us They them You you She->her Itt hhey called us on the telephone. ‘The teacher gave her a bad grade. ‘The policeman was looking for hi + Cach dng cia it (The use of it) ~ ai tu it duge ding cho nhang si vat cu thé, y nigm tri tuang hoae ddiang cho con vat. Ex: [tried the door. It was locked. He promised his help if I needed it ~ Dai tir it dang dé nhan danh mot ngudi con chua biét la ai. Va khi nnhan ra r6i, thi he hay she duc sit dung tay theo do la nam hay nu Ex: There was a knock at the door. I thought it was the postman, He usually comes at that time. ~ Dal tir duge ding dé noi vé mot y tudng dude noi dén trong moe rnhom tis, mot ménh dé, mot cau 6 trude Ex: He tried to break the clock, It was not easy either. The music had stopped. He didn’t notice it. (96 - Noo PHAP THENG ANH~ Dal tir #f duge dizng nhur mot chur ngur gia (formal subject) khi noi vé diéu kign thot tet, thoi gian, khoding cach, do lung, Ex: Its raining heavily. Its half past three now. Ics six miles to the nearest hospital from here. Itis five feet deep. ~ It nhu mot chi: ngir gia (formal subject) con duoc tim thay trong nnhuing cau ma mgt ti duge bé nghia bai mot cum tis hoae mot menh 8 sau no. Ex: Itis stupid to fall asleep like that It is no use hoping he'll ever change his mind. ‘twas a surprise that he had come back so soon. ~ Dai tir # con dugc sit dung nhu mot tan ngit gia (formal object), theo sau n6 1a mot tinh ti hod danh tir duge bé nghia béi cum tit hay menh dé Ex: I found it difficult to explain this to him. He thought it no use going over the subject again. She thought it odd that they had left him no message. ~ Dal tir#tduge si dung dé nbn manh cho mot tishogccum ti trong cau. Ex: It was my question that made him angry. ~ Dai ti #f €oi khi dugc sit dung trong cac dac ngitc6 tiah chat than mat Ex: Hang it all, we can’t wait all day for him, (Ro buc, ta khong thé sudt ngay dot nd doe.) When I see him, Pll have it out with him. (Gap no, 101 8 ndt cho nd v6 le ra méi duoc.) If the teacher sees you doing that, you'll catch it (Thay ma thdy may lam vay, may ligu hén) . Dal tir sé hiu (possessive pronouns) 1a hinh thie sé hw cia dai ti nnhan xung. Bal ti sé huu khong dung trudc danh til, no thay thé cho tinh tir sé hau + dan tu (da duge noi dén). 1 mine : edi cua to1 You yours: catetia anh/ cac anh He -rhis :ed/etiaanh dy She -»her : eatctia «6 dy We yours :cdicua chung toi It —rits —: edvetia no ‘They > theirs : cdf ctia ho NGUPHAPTIENG ANH + 97Ex: She put her arm through mine. (= my arm) They are not my gloves; I thought they were yours. (= your gloves) Dot khi ta co thé thay dat tu sé hau duing sau gidi tir of. Su két hop nay duige got la sis haw kep, Ex: He isa friend of mine happened through no fault of his. al tu phan than (reflexive pronouns) duge sir dung khi chi ned vita ccho via nhan hanh dong. Hay néi cach khac chi ngirva tan ng cita cau chi ciing mot nguéi. 1 > myself You > yourself He > himself She > herself It > itself We > ourselves You + yourselves They > themselves * Quan sit 2 vi du sau: Ex: John bought him a new car. (him John bought himself a new car. (himsel ~ Dai ti phan than c6 chide nang nhut mot tan ngi trong cau. Exc She served herself in the cafeteria, T'm sure you both remember the day when you talked about yourselves and the past. He sent himself the letter. ~ Dai tt: phan than con c6 thé duigc st dung dé nhan manh, Digu nay co ghia la chinh cha nga thyc hien hanh dong. Trong trugng hop nay 1 thuding duing ngay sau chi nga. ‘Ex; You yourself told them the story. ‘The students themselves decorated the room. ‘¢ By+ dai ti:phan than=alone (mot mink) Ex: John washed the dishes by himself = John washed the dishes alone IV. Bai ti chi dinh (demonstrative pronouns) gém ¢6: this (nguot nay, cdf nay) ~» these (cdc nguoi nay, ea ea nay) that (nguot kia, edt kia) -» those (ce nguei ka, ede cat kia) such (nhac thé nay, mba thé kia) same (niu nhau) 98 - NGO PHAPTIENGANH~ al tu this/ these dé chi nhuing gi 6 gan vé khong glan, thol gian hoac hai nigm; that/ those dé chi nhuing gi 6 xa hon. Ex: Do you know these people? This is Harry and this is Jake. “Look at this,” he sald and showed me his te Do you sce those houses in the distance? That's where we are going. ‘Trong mot s6 trudng hop, this/ these nol dén nhing gi di theo sau; that/ those noi vé nhuing gi da noi 6 trude. Ex: After I've listened to you very attentively I'l tell you this - { don't think you should trust the man. I'm glad to know that you have an interest in sport. That means wwe have two things in common. = Dai tit this/ these va that/ those thudng duioc dung voi danh tu chi thoi gian Ex: Father had to go to Chicago this morning. I remember that he woke up early that morning. = Dai ti that! those c6 thé dutge sit dung thay cho mot dank tir da duge noi dén, Ex: He hung his daughter's portrait beside that of his wife's, These poems are not so good as those written by you last year. ~ Dai tir those dugc theo sau béi mot ménh dé quan he hoac mot cum phan tir dé not vé nguos, Ex: Those (= people) injured in the accident were taken to hospital Even those who do not like his pictures are not indifferent to him, = Dai tu chi dinh such e6 nghla wn the nay, niu the Ria” Ex: If were you, I would not say such a thing about him. He was a silent, ambitious man. Such men usually succeed ~ Such thinh thodng c6 thé dugc thay trong mot cum tt, Ex: They export a lot of fruits, such as oranges, lemons, et. ~ Dai ti chi dinh same luon luon ding sau mao tit xa «inh Ex; [found her just the same as before. NGUPHAP TIENG ANH + 99)\V. Bal tir bét dinh (Indefinite pronouns) gém cdc nhém chinh sau: 1. Some > somebody, someone (ai 46), something (cai gi 46) ~ Burge dig trong cau khang dinh, va di voi dong ti 6 it Ex: There’s somebody at the door. Pve got something to tell you ~ Duge diing trong catt hoi khi cau tra Hat sé la yes. Ex: What's wrong with you? Have you got something in your eyes? (Isee something in your eyes) ~ Duge ding trong lot mot hay cau yeu céu Ex; Would you like something to drink? 2. Any—>anybody, anyone (bat ci ai), anything (bdt ct cat gi) ~ Duge ding trong cau phui dinh va nghi van va di voi dong ty $6 it Ex: Is there anybody in the room? Pm very tired now. I don’t want to eat anything. = Duge ding trong menh dé IF. Ex: Ifanyone has any questions, I'l be pleased to answer them 3. No nobody, no one, nothing (khong at, khong cdi gis...) = Duge ding vei ngha phi dinh, 6 thé ding du cau hoc ding mot minh. Ex: “What did you say?” “Nothing” Nobody (No one) came to visit me when I was in hospital. Nothing, nobody, .. = not + anything, anybody Ex: She didn’t tell anybody about her plans. (= She told nobody...) ~ Duge dung voi dong ti 6 hinh thi 56 tt. ‘The house is empty. Ther 's nobody living there. ~ Khi dung nothing, nobody, .. thi khong diing dong ti phu dinh, He said nothing Nobody tells me anything, ~ Nobody, no one duge diing val dang s6 nhiéu cia dai tir va tink tir so hu (they, them, their.) Ex: Nobody phoned, did they? No one in the class did their homework, The party was a disaster. Nobody enjoyed themselves, 100 « Nov PHAP TENG ANH,VI. Bal tir quan he (relative pronouns) Dai tirquan he who, whom, which, whose, that... duige dung dé noi menh, dé chinh voi menh dé phu. (Xem phan Relative Clause trang 83) VII. Tu xae dinh ding truée (predeterminers) Co chite nang lam da ti (pronouns). Tir xc dinh c6 thé ding trac gidi tui of va mot danb tt 6 it hoac 56 nhiéu, dém dugc hoac khong dém dude. Dong tir theo sau cdc ti xe dinh diing trude c thé 6 hinh thic s6 it hoae 86 nhieu, tay loai Al (tdt cd), some (vd), a few (mot vai), several (vai), both (cd hat), each (méi), either (mot trong hat), neither (khong c6 ai/ gi trong hai), none (khong 6 atl gi trong nhieu) little (t), much (nhiéu), 1, Some of! most of none of..+ the, this, that, these, those, my, his, Ann's, 6 thé di vot dong tr s6 it hoges6 nhigu tay thudc vio danh tirsau n6, Ex: Some of the people I work with are very friendly None of this money is mine. 2. Co thé dung some off none of..+us/ you! them. Ex: How many of these people do you know? ~None of them/ A few. ofthem. 3. C6 thé ding some, most, many, litle, ... khong c6 danh tis theo sau. Ex: Some cars have four doors and some have two. 4. Khi dung both, neither, either + of cin phal them the/ these/ those! ‘my! his! Tom's... Ex: Both of these restaurants are very good. Thaven’t been to either of those restaurants. Khong cin dung ofsau both. Ex: Both my parents are from London, 5. Co thé ding both off neither of] either of + us, you, them. Ex: Both of us were very tied, 6. Sau neither of dong tis c6 thé 6 hinh thu s6 it hoae s6 nhigu. Ex: Neither of the children wants/ want to go to bed. 1. Both, neither, either co thé duge ding, mot minh. NGU PHAPTIENG ANH + 101Ex: I couldn't decide which of the two shirts to buy. I like both Is your friend British or American? ~ Neither. She’s Australian ‘Do you want tea or coffee? ~ Either. I don’t mind, 8, Either, neither, both chi Ex: We tried two hotels. Neither of them had any rooms./ Both of them were full. We tried a Jot of hotels. None of them had any rooms All of them were full 9. Khong ding all dé chi everybody, everyone. Ex: Everybody enjoyed the party. (NOT Aitenjoyed-the party.) 10. Everyone, everybody (moi ngudi), everything (moi thi) duoc dung vi dong ti 6 hinh thc s6 it Everybody has arrived. 11. All dng v6i ca dank tit s6 it hodc s6 nhiéu, Dong ti 6 hinh thuc 36 it hhoae s6 nbiéu ty thuge vio danh tirtrude n6. All of the women in this factory are working Ail of the money has been spent. 12, Little, much chi dude ding vei dant tir khong dém duoc (36 it), Ex: Much of the time in my life was in the countryside, ‘Choose the correct words. 1 go to school with ¢he/ him) everyday. 1 see (she/ her/ herself) at the Union every Friday. ‘She speaks to (we/ us/ ourselves) every morning. Isn't (she/ her) a nice person? (Hel Him) is going to New York on vacation. John and (she/ her) gave the money to the boy. Your record is scratched and (mine! it) i, too. John bought (himself/herself/hisslf) a new coat. (Wel Us) are going camping over the weekend. 10, Mr Jones cut (him! himself) shaving, 11, The dog bit (hers! her) on the leg 12, John (he/ himself) went tothe meeting ua vige va any, none, all chi hon hai su viec 102 + Nov PHAR THENG aN13. Mary and (I/ me/ mine) would rather go to the mories. 14. *Can I take another biscuit?” “Of course. Help (you! yourself)” 15, Could you lend me your ruler? (1/ Mine/ Me) has just been broken, 16. This parcel is for George and (I/ me) 17. Is that Mary over there? Yes, that's (her/ she). 18, John, you (yourself, yourselves) have to do it. 19, To (us! we), it seems like a good bargain. 20. It was (he/ him) who called you. 11, Fill In each blank with an appropriate reflexive pronoun and then Identify its function in the sentence. 1. Pll do the job by 2. She stood admiring ____in front of the mirror. 3. Look after___t 4. Wegave alot of trouble, 5. It's time you got anew coat. 6. Wehurt playing football 7. The students decorated the room. 8. John bought these gifts. 9. You can see the difference for 10. Iwashed Il, Complete the sentences with somebody, something, anybody, anything. 1. Iwas too surprised to say 2. There’s at the door. Can you go and see who it is? 3. Does____ mind if open the window? 4, Iwasn't feeling hungry, so I didn’t eat__. 5. You must be hungry. Would you like__to eat? 6. Quick, let’s go! There’s___coming and I don’t want 7. Sally was upset about and refused to talk to__ 8, This machine is very easy to use. __can learn to useit ina very short time. 9. I'm going out now. If ___ phones when I'm out,can you tell them I'll be back at 11:30? 10 who saw the accident should contact the police. toseeus. IV. Choose the correct words. 1. She didn’t tell (nobody/ anybody) about her plans. 2. ‘Theaccident looked serious but fortunately (nobody/ anybody) was injured. NGU PHAP TIENG ANH « 103‘The situation is uncertain, (Nothing/ Anything) could happen. 4. “What's in that box?” “Nothing/ Anything). It’s empty. 5. Idon’t know (nothing/ anything) about economics. V. Rewrite the sentences, using IT. 1. Tollearn English ts very interesting. 2. The journey to Brighton from London takes only one hour by train. 3. Some parts of King Lear are extremely difficult to understand, 4. That he will fil is clear to everyone but himself, 5, Finding our way home won't be easy. 6. My question itself made him angry. 7. Meeting each other on this occasion is a good chance. 8. Doyou think that to explain to him what happened is difficult? 9. People think that he isa famous doctor in this city 10. To fall asleep like that is stupid. VI. Put in of where necessary. 1. All___cars have wheels. 2. None ___ this money is mine. 3. Some people get angry very easily: 4, Some ___ the people I met atthe party were very interesting. 5. [have lived in London most __ my if. 6. Many people watch too much TV. 7. Are any those letters for me? 8. Most_____days I get up before 7 o'clock. 9. Jim thinks that all_ museums are boring. 10. Some _us dislike him. VII. Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets. Insert the, of the where necessary. 1. Iwasn’t well yesterday. [spent ___in bed. (most/ day) 2 drive too fast. (many/ people) 3. you took on holiday were very good. (some / photographs) 4, ___learn more quickly than others. (some/ people) 5 6. 7. 8. We've eaten __ we bought. There's very ite left. (most/ food) Have you spent __ you borrowed? (all/ money) Peter can’t stop talking, He talks (all ime) We had a lazy holiday. Wespent __on the beach, (most/ time) 104 « nov pHAP THENG ANU9. George is easy to get on with like him. (most/ people) 10. The exam was difficult. I could only answer __. (half/ questions) VIII. Complete the sentences with neither, elther, none, any. 1. Wetried a lot of hotels but of them had any rooms. 2. Ttook two books with me on holiday but I didn’t read of them. 3. Ltook five books with me on holiday but I didn’t read of them. 4. ‘There are a few shops at the end of the street but of them sell newspapers. 5. Youcan phone meat____time during the evening. I'm always at home. 6. Tan meet you as the 6th or 7th. Would for you? 7. John and 1 couldn't get into the house because 8. There were a few letters this morning but __ ef them were for me. | was invited to two parties last week but I didn’t go to of them. 10, Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but of us can play very well of those days be convenient of us had a key. ‘Tinh tu (adjectives) la tur dung dé mieu ta hoae cho biét them chi tiét vé ‘mot danh tu déng thoi gidi han su ap dung cua danh tay. |. Phan toai tinh tu (Classification of adjectives) Tinh tir c6 thé duge phan lam 2 loal: tinh tu mo ta va tinh ti gioi han. 1. Tinh tu mo ta (descriptive adjectives) la nhuing tinh tirmo ta vé mau sfc, kich thud, phdm chat, ... cia ngudi, vat hoae su vige, Ex: good, bright, tall, . 2. Tinh tu git han (limiting adjectives) la nhuing tinh tir dat giot han cho nhang tur ma n6 b6 nghia, a, Tinh tir sé hau (possessive adjectives) my + ctta toi your; aia ban, cae ban his: cia anh ay her: ctlacody its: ala nd our + eta chung 108 their : cua bon ho, chuing 16 NGUPHAP TIENG ANH + 105,