HandbookoftheRiverPlate 10269060

H AN D B O O K
THE R IV E R P L A TE
BU ENO S AY RES , THE U PPE R I

PR O V N C ES , BAN D A
O R I E NTA L , AND PAR AG U AY .
BY
M . G . E . T . MU L H A L L ,
Ihfiaww gf tfic EH
a ndmn i
m TW O vo w mns .
VOL . I .
B U EN O S AY R E S
Pm n rm a o m
'
cm, 74 CAL L E
1 8 69 .
1 7 fl? 06 0 p a r Fbawna
E X C E LL E N C Y D . F . SARMIENTO,
P R ES ID EN T OF TH E R EP UB L IC,
T HIS
is RE SPE CT ULL F Y D ED IC A TED ,
T
TH E AU H O RS .
a A :
P RE F A C E .
h p resent is man
.
‘
Tnn u til ity of a work like i fest as to need neith er

‘
t e so
explan ation nor a p ology If po ssibl e i t w o hld b e desi rable t o pub lis h a
‘ ’
.
,
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Handbo ok of thes e c ountries annually for the ,

use a s w ell of residents in
the Rive r Plate , as of our fr iends in Europe and th e U n ited Sta tes .
U nfortunately th ,
e diffi culties a d outlay are fa
n rbe yond a ny profi t that t he
editors can expec t Ih
’
. fact -
we lost m on ey by our edition o f 1 8 63 ,

the
N ational and Provin cial Govern m ents fa ili n
g to subscribe for a single cop v ,
although w e ha d t h e satisfaction of kn
ow ing that the w ork w a s productive
of so m egood to our adopted count ry .

’
nthe i m proved and enlarge d for m

I
presen t Handbook th ere w ill be found v ery c o m pl ete and det ailed
“
of the
infor m at ion of these countries ,
as w e have spar ed neither la bor nor
ex pense to deserve th e appro val of the foreign co mm unity which is th e ,
great o bject w e al w ay s keep in vi e w l t h as b e en our partic ul ar study t o

.
'
give an exact picture of foreign e nterpris e and ind ustry in the River Plate ,
s, ind e e d, a n a greeable one At the sa m e

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and t h e t a sk w t im e w h a ve
'
a . e
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labo red to point out to readers in Europ e the m any advantages w hich these
countries enjoy toattract a larger tide
, of i mm igration . Nor m ust w e o m it
here to bear eviden ce to the liberal S pirit of the institutions of these
MEiGS S O
W PR E FA C E .
fl e p ubl ics, a nd the k indly feeling a nd cordi ality of all educated A rge ntines
a nd O riental s . In fin e ,
w e have ev ery hope that w ith an increa se of
p o pul a tion and industrial resourc es the Rive r Plat e w ill soon follo w in the
footsteps of its g reat m odel the ,
U nite d States .
T he conclusion of th e Paragua y a n Wa r and co mm enc e m ent of P resident

‘
Sa r m iento ’
s ad m ini stration is a m ost opportun e ti m e for th e publicatio n of
t he present w ork , in the hope of dra w ing in cr eased attention to th e Rive r
‘
P late
7
. U nder a progressive a nd peaceful a dm inistration we m ay loo k
fo r w ard
to w idespread im rov e m ent n ew enterpr ises and an increase of
p w
, ,
t rade and industry Po pular ed uca tion a l sb bids fa i r to m ak e m uch h e a d

. .
fl“
w ay , and no branch of k no w l edge is m ore i m porta nt nor m or e ne glected ,
“w
3 113 9 9 5. A re s tha n h A r e nt ine
3 3
7 e y m ‘
? st udy z
°f
.
t
he h m e source s of
; t ,
t e .
, g
Be p ubl ic i
i ‘
L et
a
s Pe pe , } t 1 at .
,
p a trioti c Ar en nes
g ti w il l
qjoin
'
h e a rt, a
n d hand
w ith $ 9 s am this fire - se 9 m ”
.
LVolu m e I of th e Handbook cont ains three s e ct ion s

. . . _
v1 7
. : A .
, th e
Argcati ne uc
Re p bl i , 1 t s, col on 1 e s rail w ay s h istory public me n &c
, , ,
.
; B .
t he p it
y
of Buen os .
Ay res ,
it sb uil dings , d p ort ; C th e
i nst itut ions ,
an
C a m ps of B uenos Ayres ,
.
cor
! np risin
g the various partidos an d e very estan ci a
in the pr ovin ce . V olu m e II . co n
t ains four section s -
D .
,
the t hirteen
Ag r e nt ine l iro vi
n
ce s
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a l l , the B anda O riental ; F Pa ragua y r a nd G .
,
a
m mp l e te D i rec tory
o fficial , foreign and co m me rcial , of B ue nos A yres and
, ,
Mo
n tevide o each apar t The m aps of t e A rgentine (Republic Buenos
h .
Ay r e s city ,
, and Montevid e o w ill be bo und w it h th e secon dvol um e
,
- -
.
In g iving the H andbook n ow to t he publi c w e feel con fi dent that it w il l

m eet w ith a good r eceptio n : w hate ver ina ccuracies m ay have u navoidabl y
c rept in w ill b e cc rre ct e d in the next edition . , W e h ave to thank th e
n u m e rous kind h im is w ho contributed i nteresti ng infor m ation ab out their

P R EF ACl . vi
i
ow n p a rtic ular d istrict , and e sp e cial l y

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the Irish cle rgy m e n in the ca m p ,
to w ho m w e be g to offer a c opy of the h ook grati s for ea ch of their L endi ng
Libra ries W . l o offer a copy

e a s for e ach public and charitabl e inst it utiom
of th e Englis h , S cotchA m eri c n and

,
a ,
Ge r m an co mm unities on e ither side »
of th e River Plate Volu m e I I w il l

. . appe ar on t he l st of June a nd , th e
Directory of Buen os A yres is b eing carefully co m p iled by Mr Frank . .
Mulhall ,
7 4 Calle Be lgrano to w ho m co mm unication s m ay be direc ted
, .
M G . . E. T M UL HALL
. ,
l h 1 7, 1 86 9, St a nda r d Ofi d
a rc , Bue nos Ay rra .
EBBATA .
SEC T I ON A .
, li n e 3 ,
read sh e e p . »
(1
2, (t «Py renees » .
« 1 5, (t « 1 0 0 tons m onthly
»
.
« 2 5, « doubloon
a 25, « 2 0 franc s
« 26, « condor
SEC T I ON C « 12 , (l « Kiernan »
.
« I, « Chapter III . »
CO N T EN T S
O F T H E
S EC TION A .
Ca s i) . I . The Riic r Pl a te Rep ubl ics ; G

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m al Oatb m
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.
A rgen tine Republic ,
R epublic of U ruguay ,
P aragu ay ,
Gl IAP II . . The Arge ntihe Rep ubl ic .
Provinces a nd Chief To w ns ,
Ar my Statistics ,
F inan cial Statist ics ,
A gric ultural St atistics ,
C R AP III . . F ore ign Pop ul a tion .
D ifferent N ationalitie s ,
I mm igration Statisti cs ,
Scale of W ages ,
CR AP . IV . Agricul tura l Col onie s .
CR AP . V . Col oniz a hba of the

‘
Ch a ro .
I ndian Reductions ,
Helveti a C olony ,
San Javier Project ,
L and Gra nt s,
C ali forni a C o l on y;
R i vadavia Colon y ,
C O NT E NT S .
CH A P VI . . Col oniz a tion o f Pa ta gonia .
M r Ba m berge r s Grant
.
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C o x 5 Ex ploring Expedition ,
C hilian an d A rgentine Proj ects ,
T he W elsh Colony ,
F ree L and Grants a t Bah ia Blanca ,
Engli sh Settlers on the l tio N egro ,
CR AP . V II . Rio de l a Pl a to a nd Tr ibuta rie s .
G en era l Re m arks ,
T he Paran a Buenos A yres to Matto G r osso

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U p the U rugua y , 0 O
Th e Salado and verm e j o ,
CH A P . Itine ra m esof the Re p bl ic

u .
Gen eral Re m arks ,

N orthern Route ,
W e ste rn Rout e ,
Cm P . IX . Ez d e rp r ise s
,
Pr oj e cts, a nd Conce ssions .
Tele graph s &c

Ra il w a y s , ,
Ha r bo r A cco m m odation ,
D rainage a nd W ater Supply ,
Exp ort of C a ttle ,
CH 1 1 1
X . Tz e a tie s o f Com m e rce a nd N(w iga iion .
T re a ty w ith G reat Britain ,
T rea ty w ith the United States ,
CH t P X I . . B iograp hies of Publ ic Me n .
P resid ent Sa r m ie nt o ,
Vice Pres ident A lsina

-
Ex —
,
President Mitre ,
G en e ral U r q uiza A rchbish op of B11 e no s Ay re s Governor Castro

, .
, ,
D r Velez Sa rsl ie l d D r Mariano Varela D r Gorosti a ga

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D 1 A vellaneda Colonel Gainza Gen eral Golly y O bes

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G ene ra l Pa unero D on N de la Bie st i a

D on lil a i ia no Ba lcarce Se nor Posada s Post ni a s ti
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, ,
sr G ener a l
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O Gorm a n, Chie f of Polic e ,

co nrs a r s . xi
CH A P . XII . Mining in the Cug

/ o Pr ovinces .
Sa n Juan ,
’
K l a p p e nba ch s m i ne s ,
Ba bié
’
s F ra gue iro
’
s w orks
Hilario Mining W orks ,
Mendoza ,
San L uis,
CH AP CX I
II Histo
ry and L ite rati f RirerPl a te
.
. z re o .
Historical Record ,
W orks Published
th e R ive r Plate on
River Plate N e w spa pe rs ,
CH A P XI V . . Mone ys, Weigh ts Me m ,

e s, a nd : D isMnces .
Bue n os Ay re s,
'
Monte v ideo , Parag uay ,

Table of D i stance s fro m Bue nos Ay re s ,
'
'
Meteor olo gical Tablle ,
CHA P . XV .
“ ‘
Ad vice tO Em igro n ts
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W ho t o co m e , and w h o to s t ay a t ho m e ,
Stea m Servic e to the R ive r Plate ,
L etters ofCredit ,
I nstruction son L andi n g ,
CH A P . X VI : Itin era r ie s from Engl an

d a nd Ne ib
Y or
k .
l'
Engl a n d to Buenos A yres , II
Ne w Y ork t o B uenos Ayr e s ,
C R AP .
X XII . .Hisce l l a ne ous
.
.
C usto m s L a w fo r 1 8 6 9 ,
N ational Sta m ped Pape r 1 8 6 9 , ,
A d m inist ration of President Mitre (1 8 6 2

The N ational Govern me nt Congre ss
f
, ,
C ourts of L a w Hierar chy , ,

1
Budget for 1 8 69 ,
f f Post c ilice Ret urns

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Co m pa rative Table of ,
C O TE N NT 5 .
SE C TI ON B .
CH A P I . . City f Bue n os
o Ay re s .
Ea r l y H istory a nd Present Condition ,
CHAP II .
~
. Hote l s, Cl ubs, The a tre s, a nd Pl az as
.
CH A P II I
. . Publ ic D ep a rtm e nts .
G o vern m ent Ho use Post OiIice Pol icia , , ,
Provin cial D epart m ents L ibra ry L e gisl a t ure

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Topograph ic O ffi c e A rchives Co mm issariat

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P ar q ue CCn gre ss Hall Capitania

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Municipal it y L a w Co ur ts
, ,
B oa rd of Health L ottery City Priso n s

, , ,
Museu m a nd U niversity
”
Publi c Schools ,
CH A P IV. . Churche s a nd Ch a rita bl e Institutions .
C hurches ,
Th e I rish Convent
u
,
English Church Scotch C h rch , ,
A m erica n Church Ge rm a n Church Ce m eteries ”

, ,
A d m iral Bro w n 3 M onu m ent ,
English C e m ete ry Hospitals , ,
B ritish Hos p ital ,
I rish Hospital ,
Conv a l e sce n cia Po or and Fo undling A sylu m s ,

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CH A P V . . S tre e ts a nd Sh op s .
C alle Riva day ia ,

Streets Running N orth ,
S treets Running So u th ,
Streets Running Wes t north end , , .

v
.
Streets Running West , south e nd, .1

C O NT E NT S . x ii i
CH A P . VI .
‘
The C usto m -h oarse .
P AG E
I m port Tra flic ,

U nloading ,
.
G oods 1 n Transit D i rect D espatch , ,
Pa sseng
’
ers L uggag e Goo ds fo r D epos it L ,
Expo rt Tra fiic

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,
Ship m ent in Tran sit ,
Health Pape rs ,
CHA P V II
. . B a lsa , Ba nks,
'
a nd P ubl ic Com p a nie s .
The Bols a de Co m é rc i o
‘ ‘
The Provi ncial Bank ,

Mau a B ank ,
English B ank ,
Th e A rgentin e Bank ,
W a nkl y n s Bank Ha rt s Bank th e Rural Society

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,
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, ,
I n surance a n d Joint S t ock Co m panies ,
River Pla te Telegraph Co m pany Co m m ercial Roo m s , ,
British C l e i k s Provident A ssoc iation

’
,
The C ricket and A thleti c Clu bs , the Jockey Club ,
C us p . V II I . The Subur bs .
CH A P IX
. . Ex cursions by Ra il w a y .
The N orth ern to th e Tigre , ,
The Boc a and Ensenada Rail w ay ,
The W estern to C h ivilc oy , ,
The So uth ern t o Cha scom us , ,
CH A P . X . Ta riffs Ta x e s, Re gu l a tions
,
.
Provinci a l Sta m ped Pape r ,
L a w of L ic ences (1 8 6 9 )
Prop erty Ta x Tariff for L ighte rs
, ,
l un icip a l Ga s and Sereno Tax Pa rochial

, , ,
D ivision of the City ,
R ul e s of the Faculty of Medicine ,

x iv :
1
.
c onr m ar s.
C HA P . XI . Th e Mouth
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and Port of Bue nos Ay re s
The A pproa ch to the River ,
A nch orage ,
The Po rt of Bue nos Ay re s

,
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The Oute r Roa ds ,
The I n ne r Roads ,
,
P o sition of Buen os A yre s ,
Pilo ts ,
Th e Ria chuelo
Pa m per os ,
The Barom eter ,
Te m perat ure ,
Tides ,
’
The Ro ute fro m Monte vide o to B uenos

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‘
A y r es ,
'
The Chann els ,
Point In dio ,
A dvice to Mariners ,
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CH A P I . . The Province o / ,
Bucn os Ay re s .
General D escription ,
p artidos a n d To w n s
c
,
‘
o o o o
GIIAP . II . L ife in tt a mp .
Cattle Fa r m ing ,
She ep Fa r m ing ,
CHA P . III .
. T he R ive rtne Particl e s .
{ Belgran o ,
W Sa n sid ro ; I
1 1 San Fer n ando ,
L as Conchas ,
1
Z a ra t e t
Baradero ,
1 San Pedro , '
Rincon de Ra m allo ,
1
1 San N icolas ,
,
‘ I
cour z a r s .
Pilar ,
Ca pilla del Se nor ,
X Sa n A ndres de Giles ;
x San A ntonio de A rec o,
vl C ar m en de A reco
,
’
x Salto ,
A rrecifes ,
CH A P . V .
1 ~
N orth a nd We st F r o n tie rs .
X Perga m in o ,
>l R ojas ,
Junin ,
L incoln ,
a C ha cab uco ,
Bragad o ,
y N ueve de J uli o ,
Veinte Cinco de May o ’
CH A P . \ I . The Wasmm Pa r tid os .
t
a San José de Flore s ;
Matanzas ,
5} San Ma rtin ,
4 Moron
,
Y Me rl e Moreno
, ,
x L as Heras L ufin , ,
x Mer c edes ,
x Suipacha Chivilc oy , ,
CH A P .
V II . S outh IIestem Pa rtic
’
l es .
Monte ,
co s r nnr s W, ,
,
CHAP VIII .
.
S outhern Particl es 6
S outh Barracas ,
L o m as de Z a m oria ‘
San Vic ente ,
Ra n ch e s ,
C has co m us ,
D olores ,
CH a P . IX . S ou th ast Pa rticl e s
Co .
Quil m es ,
Ensen ada
Mag dalena r
Rivadav ia Ca st él l i
, ,
Tordillo ,
A10 ,
T uy u ,
M ar Chiquita ,
CH A P .
X . The
CH A P . X I: Isl a nds o f th e Pa ra na .
D esc ripti on and first settlers ,

2 T HE R I VER P LAT E nnrv m cs n .
Th e Provinc e of B ueno s Ayre s i s nearly e qual t o all th e rest collectively ,
in i m port ance w ealth , and population , b eing m oreover the great centre of
,
foreign i mm igration The city of the sa m e na m e is the seat of th e N ational

.
a n d Provincial Govern m ents and on e of t h e principal sea port s of Sout h ,

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I n the re fine m ent of its society progressive sp irit of the people ,

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Am eri ca .
,
a n d a ctivity o f trade and industry it yields t o n o other city in th e ,
C ontinent , uth A m erica » Entr e

Sq .
R ios and Santa F ri h ave - n oti ce as sheep far m in g 1 -
c ountrie s C ordob a , the heart of th e interior w ill soon re ceive a grea t

.
, ,
im pulse fro m th e Central A rgentine Rail w ay San J uan and Cata m arca a re .
Me ndoz a at the foot of the Gordil

"
r e m arkable for th eir m ineral w ealth .
,
l era for m erly the chief city of the Cuyo provinces is hardly e m ergin g
, ,
fro m the r uins of the earth qu ak e of 1 86 1 Santiago and the oth er _

.
n orthern p i ovi n ce s have been hith er to so i s olated as to be al m ost valueless ,
but the projected navigation of the Ve rm e j o and the opening of a high w ay ,
t hro ugh th e Gran C ha co , w ill unite the m, with the ; ri ve r Paran a the great
. f
,
a rt ery of the Rep ublic The province s called L itoral fro m being adj acen t
.
,
t o t his a n i m m e ns e advant age over the rest possessing ch ea

; p
1
frei ght an d ea sy transit to Bu e nos Ayres a n d the com m e rcihl World U The
.
, .
p op ul ation o f t h e R epublic 1 8 usually set do w n at a m illion and a hal f sou l s .

,
b ut “is, rath e r over t han under that est i m at e The establ ish ed religi on is .
”
R o m an Catho l ic and the language Spa nish , fro m which nation t he origina l
,
s ettl e r s w e ic descend e d
. The RE P UBL I C or UR UG U A Y or «Ba n da Orie nt a l i s separated fro m ,
v
t he last m entio ne d country by the Rive rs Plate and U rug uay : the L a Plata ;
-
o pposit e B uenos A yres is t w enty eight m iles : Wide : It is very different

,
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fro m the sister state in be ing intersect ed w ith n u m er ous chains of m o un

,
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t ains c al l ed here Cuchillas or Sie rr as
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I ts extent is
W 111 118 t hil fl En gl an d by one e ighth; Many of the ge neral features are
square m iles ;
-
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s im il ar to t ho se of L a Plata the countr bein e m inently adapted for shee

g p
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y ,
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a nd ca ttle
1
m or eover free fro m In dia n z incur sion s The ,

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capital M ontevideo is z fa vorabl y situat ed near the m outh of the Plate

, ,
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and it SICom m e rc e is al m ost equal t o that of Buenos A yres fro m w hich p ort
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i t is distant 1 2 0 m iles The n ex t t ow ns of i m portan ce a1 e —Salto a n d .
Pay sa n du on the River U ru g uay ; C anelones Tacuare m b o and Minas in

‘
1 1
, , , ,
the i nteriori; Mercede s on the Rio N egro Colonia abreas t of Bueno s , , ,
Ayres ; and Maldonado onthe A tlanti c

1 The country i s th ickly w ooded
,
.
i n parts and presents a beautifully diversified a ppearance O f l ate years

,
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there has been a n im m e n se influx of i m m igr ants , an d several Buenos Ay re a n

l a nd o w ners also pos se ss estancias on this side : the population iva s
-
3
qu intupl ed in the fort y years fro m 1 8 2 4 6 4 being now returned as -

,
Th e live st ock is considerable a m ounting to head of horne d

,
ca t tle
, sheep and of other kinds
,
The C usto m . »
r egulations are m uch m ore liberal than those of B uenos Ayre s ; th e r eligion
an d l anguage are the s a m e D ur1 n g the past t w o y ears th e country Was
,
desolated by civil w ar but ev erything no w see m s sat isfactorily settled a nd

,
,
the Go vern m ent is real l y a nx io us t o i m prove the m eans of internal transit ,

d evelop the ri ches of th e Republic and foster forei gn immigration , .
PA R A G U A Y is not a l w ay 5 count d ne of t he River Plat e R epublics bein g

e o ,
o ver a t hous a nd m iles inl and b ut w e h av e incl uded it beca use for m erly a
,
p art of th e vice royalty beside s be ing situated on th e prin cipal affl uent o f
-
,
L a Plata and so inti m ately con nect ed with Buenos A yres I t is the co untry
, .
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l east kno w u of this C ontinent an d 3 e t had m ade great advan ce m ent in th e,
ye ars j us t pre cedin g th e prese nt w ar U p to 1 8 40 it w as entirel y closed

’
aga inst foreigners n a de i the rul e of the sa nguin ary tyrant D Gaspar
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F rancia Rail ways t elegraphs ars enal dry dock s and othe r splend id
.
, , , ,
w orks sprung up o f lat e e m ploying a l arge an d e liicie nt st aff of English

,
m e cha nics The R epublic co ve rs about

. sq uare m iles but cl ai m s a ,
m uch larger t errit ory the fro nt iers w ith Brazil Bolivi a an d L a Plata not
, , ,
be ing y e t clearly defined The census of 1 8 5 7 gives a population of .
1 5
19 The cli m ate IS w ar m the co untry hilly an d pict ures que an d
.
, ,
the so il fertile The inhabitants a re the m ost industrious 1 11 South A m erica

.
,
the a m ount of land under c ereals cotton a n d tobacco a m ounting to h al f , ,
a million of acre s The chief product of th e co untry is y e l ba m ate o r

.
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Par a g uay t ea w hich in ti m e of peace is annua l ly export e d (m ostly t o

, , ,
B uenos Ay res )t o th e value of £ 2 0 0 T he cultivation of c otton w as

be gun in 1 8 6 3 but inte rrupted by the w ar
,
The capital A s uncion i s .
, ,
a t o w n of 2 5 0 0 0 inhabita nts f0 1 m e r1 1 1 11 w eekly co mm unication by stea m e r

, ,
w ith th e Ri ver Pl ate ; it has so m e fine b uildings but 1 5 m uch behind Bueno s ,
'
A31 es a nd Montevideo Villa Ric a is the m ost i m port ant to w n in th e

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i nterior and thos e n ext in order are situated on th e river Par aguay Th e
,
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languag e of the country is Guarani m ost of the people be ing de sce n de d

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fro m that r ac e of I ndians by int er m arriage with th e Span ish settlers -

.
A s y et fe w foreign ers ha ve s ettled in Paragu ay but the natives a re ve ry ,
kind and affable and the polic e org a n ization is perfect Th e unhappy w ar
,
.
w hich broke out in th e b eginning of 1 8 6 5 h as b een r uinous t o Par a g uay ,
but earned for the nativ es a high reputation for valor .

4 m a ssa nv I C
:
y p g p REPUBL .
C HAP . II .
T HE AB G E N T l N E '
R EP UBLIC .
Ti n s Republic holds the second rank a m ong South m erican nations , co m in g A

n e xt fter th e Em pire of Brazil in ext e nt and i m portan ce , though c o m
a
pa ra t iv e l y low in the scale o f population and native in dustry Ther e is ,
.
p robably n o,co unt ry on the face of the earth so favored by N atur e

being entir ely situat ed in th e South t e m pe rate zone it enj oy s a deli ghtful ,
Cli m ate a n d th e soil I S so var ie d and fertile that it pi oduce s al m ost spon
,
t a n e o usl y all the great stapl es of ho m e consu m ption and forei gn co mm er c e

Cotton w heat tobacco yerb a—
.
, ,
m ate cochineal w in e coffee silk sugar
, , , , , , ,
w ool and fruits of every k ind m ay b e rais ed of a superi 0 1 quality an d

, ,
in such abundanc e as to supply less favor ed n ations The m in eral resour ce s .
o f th e countr y are h ard l y l ess i m port ant 5 copper silver lead salt m arbl e , , , , ,
li m e stone granite an d co al are found in various places and on l y r e q uir e

-
, , ,
p rop e r m anage m ent and i m proved m eans of trans i

t to beco m e source s of
n ational w ealth Th e cou ntry is m oreover m agni ficently w ooded an d
.
, ,
w atered : the Gran Cha e o pos s esses m ore ti m b er suitable for ev er y ,
purpose t han th e w hole of Europe and the nu mb er an d extent of navigable

, ,
rivers are qui te equa l to the natural greatness and future require m ents of
a R epubl ic dest ined on e day to rival th e Coloss us of N orth A m eri ca .
There is unhappily a sad contr ast b et w e en w hat L a Plata m ight be an d

, , ,
w hat it act ually IS I t does n ot e x p o1 t one bale of c o tton ; its tobac co is

.
unkno w n ; ri ce is a foreign co mm odity ; y e i ba m ate fro m Brazil excludes -
that fro m Corrient es ; c ochineal abounds in O ran but is n ot w orth th e ,
h eight ; Mendoz a w in e has n o m a r ket foi the sa m e reason ; c offe e is

consider ed too troubles o m e th e spiders of CO1 rient es w eave a fi ne silk
, ,
w hich n o one thinks of ga th e 1 ing ; sug ar is h ai dl y c ultivated ; f1 11 1 t s are

un p i iz e d and our export returns sho w b ut three great staples in th e
,
Republic—w ool , hides , and tallo w .

fi fim ino v/incns
' ' '
r n r: r ou r .
5
T he pro vi
' I
R ep ubl ic
l
e n’
7 0 l l
c o m pr is es -
fourt e n ce s b e 3 1 de s the Gra n C haco
,
-
th e
it ) f
'
u b l ,
1 ,
l
B ue nos A y re s ,
J
En t re Bios
'
, _
Corriente s ,
Sa nta F é ,
Co rd oba ,
Santiago del E stero ,
Tucum an ,
Salta ,
Jai
uy ,
Ca ta m ar ca ,
R ioja ,
Sa n Jua n ,
t Mendoz a, c
Pam p as a nd Patagonia ,
Tot al ,
The chief to w ns are

B uenos A y res , Rive r Plate ,
Cor doba 3 1 2 5 5 lat

, . .
,
R os ario , Ri verParan a ,
Corrientes , do .
T uc um an , S lat . .
,
Salta ,
Sa n Juan Rio San J ua n

, ,
The capital of e a ch p rovince (except Entre B ios )bears the s am e na m e ,

‘
but th e ab ove are th e o nl y places w orth y of note a nd the r est have rather
'
retrograded than i m pro ved of late y ea r s o w in g t o th e ince ssa nt civil w ar s ‘
, ,
and w ant of im m igration .
The fdrm of gov ern ment is ver y c o m pli ca t ed an d im w ie l dy b ut shape d ,
after t he niode l of th e United St ates The National E x ec utive is co mpose d

' '
o f—Pre s id ent Do mingo F Sarm ient o; Vice Pr esid ent Adolfo Alsin a ; -
, .
,
Ho m e Mi nister Dr Dal m acio Vele i Sa rsfi el d ; F oreignAffa irs Dr Maria no

’
, .
,
.
Va re l a f B e nj a m i n Gor osti aga ; Inst rifct ion D r Nicola s ,

.
Ave lla n eda ; War Colonel Ga inza The seat of governm e nt is Bueno s
, .
A y r es , where Congre ss a lso assem bl e s z there are t w o Ch am b ers , th e

'
.
6 T 1 13 AR GENTJNE
1 n EPUBL c.
i
Senators and M ac D
ep ut ies ratio hy th e various p roVii} ce s 1 E ach
, ele cted ln ,
.
p evin ce h a s also it s ow n fiove rnor and L e gislature , al m ost ind e p e nden t of

‘
‘
the Sup re m e Nation al authorities a nd follo w ing no unifor m rul e Buenos

,
.
A yr es h a s it w o Provincial Chamber s sitting w ithin a s t one s thro w of the

’
'
Nation a l Parliam ent the oth er p rovinc es have but one Tu Cordob a th e
,
.
Go v ernor has three Ministers , in other places ther e are t xvo b1it sev eral -
provinc es b oast onl y on e ; and each Province has a sep arate Con
,
,
siit ution .
Th e ré are abo ut 1 0 0 00 Protestant s

The relig ion is Rom a n Cat hol ic
i
'
.
,
a m ong t h e foreign co m m unity attached t o the E nglish , Scotch , A m erican ,

and German congregation s .
Sp anish 18sp oken throughout t heRepublic but Guarani i s ,

uch in use
m
at Corrientes Q uichua at Sa nt iago and Fren ch and E nglish

, , are b eco m in g
v er y gener al in B uenos A yr es
’
.
.
The m il it ar y servic e of the Re public is pe rfor m ed by t roop S l of the Lin e ‘
an d National Guards or m ilitia Th e firs t consist of ten‘ r egiments of

.
'
infantr y nine of c avalr y and t w o of artiller y nu m b erin g m en an d

‘
, , , ,
th e y are e m plo y ed in t h e defen ce of th e frontie rs a gain st th e l ndiaiis l In

' '
the Province of Bue nos A y r e s, w hich h as a ver y e xtensi ve fi ontie r bf 1 3 0

leagues th er e are three principal canton m ents —th e to w n of Azul south ;
, ,
th e Veint e y Cinc ode May o w est a n d Roj a s north

,
Thes e little to w n s,
.
carr y on a brisk trade fro m the consu m ption of the tr oops , and t he ba rt er
trade w ith the friendl y Indians .
B efor e the outbreak of the P a raguayan w ar the troo p s of the Line

w ere distrib ut ed as fo l lo w s
1 1 1 11
s h ift
“ kid) 1111 1
‘ "
1
7
iii; 1 1
6 1 11 1 1 . 7
1 a
"1 1 1 1
B uenos A yre s , -
Az ul ,
2 5 de Ma yo ,
'
Tand il ,
Rioj a ,
B uenos A yr e s ,
o o b
Salta ,
Bu en o s A y res ,
A211] ,
6 o
A R T IL L E RY
M ia rt n Gar cia , r ~
M endoza ,
1
Muerto ,
J uan ,
Tota l ,
11 5 5 11 11 11 1 .
In the Prov in ce s ,
' '
In B uen os A yres ,
O 0 0 O O C O . 6 ,6 50
l
T he National G uard is co m p os ed of citiz ens wh o are reg ul ar l y dr a

fte d
fro m the cou nt i y d istricts and they guar d the interv ening redo u bt s or
'
forts ; their ter m of service is 5 111 m onths a nd the y a re al l ow e d durin g , 1

1
that p erio d the pay of s ol dier s in ca mp ai g i e $ 2 3 0 p er m onth No

1
n
'
.
.
,
.
tal are eve r dr aft e dfor this se1rvic

11 11 0 11 5
a
1
1 Gu ards fr om the c p i
1
are not al tva y s pr e s um ed t o be, like th e countr y eop l e in t h e provinc e ,
‘ '
p
r Iud -ian warfare Th e . .
follow ing offi cers —7 Briga di er Generals -
General s , 2 1 7 Com :
1 1 1 1
ot al , 85 4 , w hich is
r ather m ore than a due proportion for onl m e n
y .
Th e
National Guards on last y ear nu m bered 1 m e n,
a nd besides there w er e 3 8 7 frie dl
, , n y Indians in Govern m ent service 1 The .
1
friends hip of thes e Indians is of course

e x ce e d1 n l
,
g y doubtful th ey often
, ,
,
s teal c t l e fro m th e n
at eighboring est ancias .
e very citi z en of the

By l aw ,
l is a Natio n l
1"
R epub i c a Guard and liable , ,
u nder c ertain ci rcum stan ces , t o e c al led into active servi ce The
1
“
n um be r is as foll ow s :
b .
Buenos Ay res
E ntre Bios ,
Co rrientes ,
San L uis ,
1 50 ,6 2 2
The Pr ovinces of Santa F e a nd L a B i dja are n o i cl uded, in thi s

t n
il cial es tim ate they ar e supp osed to giv e—
“
.
oi ,
l t he first an d the s econ d
m e n , thus m aking a grand total of 1 59 6 2 2 w hich is rather under
, , 1
1 1 1
t h a n over the m ark B ut although pr esenting a r espectable arra y in
.
e not n earl y asp ow e rful b r e ffective as; the y sho uld be ,
The Natio n g that o f B ue nos Ayr es)1 s abo ut 0 90

r egularl y attended to t ai dp g 1 hJ of
a
fif t ,
t he total rev en e T an d exp endit ure 111 1 1 86 9 w il l not be

'
u
u nder $ 1 4 0 0 ,00 0 5
.
our po p ulatio n, ave ra ges $ 8 p e r head ,

1 1
,
0
W
1 1 1
1 1
o r three t im es the of Chili , and our 1 ap of fice p o s ts ov er
11 0 00 ;0 0 0 5 15 1 1 9;
1
$ 3
L et us fiv ith 1
1 1 ve 11 ue
and
‘
e
A
1 1 1
p pu 1
o l at ion 0
qifid m al l an a c of, hp1
t
Unit ed States .
1
r
“
I I n h
'
i l f
'
ri 1 D l iih !
‘ '
10 “
(run f a nana r m n 1 11 6 9 1 111131 6 .
a proof th a t the direct trade

1 ith thes e p rovin ces is augm enting Takin g
« w .
one hal f j is éxpefide d in

'
t he re ve n ue in roun d brium bers
’ ‘
m il it a ry np nrp oscsm ' Th e Minist r t of ‘F ii

'
h e r l e sS tha n
'
f
y i a rice consu m es r a t ‘
o n e te nth a l a rge l p ait is ex p e n ded in col l e ct ing the Custo m s rave nue s
’ ' '
- '
. .
As the re i s onl y ione p oritt of im p Ort a ricé Tth is expense i s r el ative l y not
l
n v
“
m ore than 5 pe r cent o f
‘
th an in cot he r 1 count rie s

'
the reven ue coll e cted Justice Publ ic Worship and E d uc ation r equir e
.
, ,
o nly on e t w e l ft h as each separat e p ro vi n ce has its ow n ad min istrat io n

'
a
,
in these respects F ore ign Affairst h nd Legations c onsum é only an

.
‘ ’
“
"
eightieth part ofh t h e rev e nue The Ministry of the Inte ri or consu m e s
.
.
‘
t i
nt the Na t ion a l C or gt ess a n d

’'
a n e ight h o f th e W h ol ? O f t is afnou
h ’
i
'
z e
P ublic Credit fi gure for more th an 5 1111111 .

F in al l y the i inte re st on th e
'
1
.
Na t ion a l D e bt take s one fi ft h o f th e re venu e

'
-
.
The i ncrea se of t r ade in l ate y e arsh as ?b een unpre cedented , as m ay be

s een fr om the r et u rn s of National revenue :
18 63 , $ 6 ,
4 7 8 ,
6 8 2
18 6 5
1, 1 1
1 86 5 , ,
0 7 1
1 1
9, F 11 1 1 1
58 90
,
$ 2 8 2 in
‘
of rts and expor ts as , ,i n 1 862 , 4 an d

‘
The q va l ue im po w , , ;
The i mp ort a nd expor t tr ade returns w ith Gre at Britain 1 n 1 8 6 6 she we d

1 1
ou s y e ar ; t hose Wit h F rance

'
‘
a n in creas e of 1 2 6 1 p e r ce nt over t he p re vi . a n
1 1 per cen t , w ith Bra z il 4 5 p er cent ; 1W il:h Sp ain 1 1 p e r ce nt

. The . 1 .
‘
.
o nl y f alli
n g off vas; in; i mp orts frorn a nd fl o l l and th e
v
-
,
1 -
n
,
t rade in A m erican flour ha s e n tirel y 1 ce a se d, 1 ow in g to the cultiv at ion of

‘
-
,
w h eat in the last fe w y ears
V al ue of Im ports , " 18
6 5, f 1
DO .
- 1 ,
1 866 1
,
get one third fro m England

w e F rané e one fourt h ffrom
‘
- « -
, ,
o ne eight h fro m Bra zil , an d 1 the rest fr om States ,

’
‘
- - 1 .1
M ontev ideo; an d I taly 1 } . 1
The v alue of the 1 m p ort s i n 1 8 66 fro m En gla nd al o ne am o unte d

.
1 "
to $ 1 0 2 40 ,2 1 0 5 ; b eing a n ex ce ss of 2 2 3 4 0 0 0 over t he i m ports of the »
, ,
r
’
“
‘
previous y ear , a nd m or e t ha n double those of 11 1 1

11
1 Th e expor t re t urn s ffor 1 866 sh ow a n incr e ase of n e arl y 5 per cent

'
11
'
o n the prev ious y ear v iz

1 1
1 1 1
.
,
Na l ue of exp orts ,
« 1 . 1.
rm nm nrunx s t 11
e xp ort s ; Be l gi um t ak es J one t hird ; F ra nce dne fonrt l i; Uhite d State s -

'
-
“
-
one - fi ft h , England one eighth and Spain I t aly and Braz il the rest :
- 1
,
ff
, ,
The g r oss ret u rns of 1 8 6 6 co m pare d w ith 1 8 6 2 sh ew an increas e of 50 .

,
p e r cent i n our co m m erce but .t hat w ith Engla nd w a s ne arl y dd ouble d ,
in th e , interva l
o '
j
o
The greate st increa se
a v
expor ts ool
0
1 n our 18 m w
1 86 2 1
.
1 86 3
1 86 4 "
"
1
1 8 65
1 86 6
This i ncl ude s a sin a l l pro p ort ion (5 per cen t )zo f w ashed 11 0 0 1 :
‘ ‘ '
The s hippi ng returns sh e w th at sailing vesse ls , representing

‘ ‘
t ons, arrived he rc irom forei gn po rts dur ing be ing

'
inc1 e nse of 3 7 4 ve ssel s over the re turns for 1 86 2 The nu mb er of st e m ;

'
.
a
boat arrival s for 1 8 6 6 IS put do w n at 4 8 7 ; but thi s doe s not i nclud e th e

s m al ler one s of pass eng er traffi c .
Im m igral ion
fro m E uro pe up to 1 86 2 a verag ed it n ow exceeds , ,
per a nn um—m ostly I talia ns , Fre nch E nglish , an d Sp a nia i ds ; o f ,
these t w o thirds are able bodied m e n of the lab oring cl asses w ith a
,
- -
,
spri nkling of w o m en an d children an d 1 0 per cent e ducat ed p e rsons ,

. .
There a re six r ail w ays inthe Republic w ith 3 50 tr afi c,

‘
m ile s open to
,
1 90 in const ruction and seven oth er line s proj ecte d
; .
The
business of t he Post otfice h as in creas d enorm ously
. Bue nosiAyr e s - e ,
o f l at e
y e ar s : the nu m ber o f l e t ters an d p ap e rs p
1
a ssing thr ou g h t h e offic e
in 1 8 6 2 it ros e to —
.
111 1 8 5 9 W a s 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ia u d i n 1 86 5 it a m ount e d
» 1 -.
,
, .
to 2 0 0 0 OOO L Th i s las t w as an incre ase of 3 3 1 pe r cent ou the ‘

‘
-
1
.
.
. ,
pre vious y ea r
.
The p opul at ion of t he city an d prov ince of B ue no s Ay res i n 1 8 0 1

a s set do w n at 7 2 0 0 0 in 8 5 at a ndat present 1 t m u st b e
w ,
1 5
n earl y double the last figur e x Witbin the last three y ears no fie w e r
, ,
than 3 5 50 houses have b ee n b uilt or ; re b uil t in the cit y: , in , the

,
-
_
,
"
l 0
l l l l
I
2 TH E AR GENTINE REP UB L I C .
.
far m in stat ist i

‘
down g
‘
r
'
Be mib l ic is di ‘
' '
The g st o ck of at he a of
'
to
'
.
- u .
se t f cco n cs
”
h PB OVIN C E S A
.
B A y res
. 6 000 000 000 30 ,
E ntre B ios 2 50 0 000 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 ,
t
Corrientes 3 7 5 ,0 0 0 6 0 ,
Cata m ar ca 4 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,
" ‘
M endo z a 7 ,
Salta
Sa n Luis 1 4 ,0 0 0
Tucu m a n
Cordoba Sa n ,
Juan t Juj uy 1
,
«
,
1
,
R ioj a Santa
,
F é Santiago
, ,
n o returns .
It m ay g ive an dde a o f the ind ustri al condit ion of the Republ i c ; t o s ub mi t

: . i
a list of the a rticle s f0 1 w arde d nt o the Pa ris iEx hibit ion , “and t he nam e s b f
'
-
-
those w ho gain e d pr izes J

'
.
The Ce nt ia l Co m m ittee of B uenos A yr es : fo r wa r de d seve nt y fou r b oxes , -
c ont a ining nu m erous interesting s e c1 m e n s

p .
Cordoba sent a colle ction of m in e ral s an d sa m pl es oi n im ble

'
.
J uJuy s en t a variet y of v aluable w oods , m anufactured articles , cere als ,

‘
i
b randy ind i go ; &c,

.
T ucu m an eih ibit e d fo rt y kinds of ti m ber and varicms w orks of h andi craft
‘
s uch as tanne d hi des pla ited reins an « apero » or native saddle t aste full y
, ,
ornam ented a lady s h andk e rchief of l ac e e qu al to the finest V alenciennes ,

,
’
,
a n d a lot of m edicinal roots .
Mendoz a ca m e nex t after Buenos A y res in the variet y of its collection ,

co m prising silver ore m arble b eau tiful cr ys tals hone y w a x ; preserv e d
, , , ,
fruits Cuy ano w ines an d liqueurs gro w n by Mess rs Pongét Civit and
,
.
, ,
o thers guanaco a nd s ilk ponchos s w an s do w n

,
o stri ch feathers Al pac a ,
’
, ,
and Vie nna skins and a p il l ar of green transparent m arble str e a ked w ith re d;
, ,
B uenos A y res of course o ccupied the fore m ost rank

ich a rd Ne w
, ,
Messrs John Hannah Wil frid Latham Martinez

.
,
ton , ,
an d Pacheco contrib u ted sam ples o f s uper ior w ools Pr eser ve d an d

,
.
salted b eef figured la r gel y espe ciall y that

M
'
l d n of 1 8 6 2 1bt ch e
n h ides
'
o d ‘
edal Lon o E xhi b it io B ent
'
h
‘
g m at t e r s . .
t anned an d varnish e d m orocco l ea th er ,

of be au t iful finis h an d s upe rior
,
1
qu ality NIr K1ap p e nback s colle c tion of silver and other $ 1 35 fro m San
. .
’
ra onuc rs Exa m rr s n
'
AT ra m s . 13
J uan r ble Mr Hol t e rhof sent c andl es fro m the B arracas factory
w as a dm i a .
.
Mr Y ounger sent so m e sheepskins from his st ea m « la va dero » M Rou que a n d

. . .
exhibited cal f 5 foot oil and other art icles from his establish m ent
’
, , .
Messrs Huergo and Duran d had a fine sam ple of native silk The Rural
. .
Asso ciation c ontributed cereals gro w n at Chivil co y an d Mercedes .
The fil es of the Tribuna and S ta ud a rd represented the press of Buenos Ayr es .
The prizes w ere as foll o w s

G O L D M ED A L
r
‘
Argentine Governm ent for gold silver and c opper ores , , ,

.
vn a M E ps
s p a
Mr L afone copper sa m ples

.
,
.
Bl e tsch e r a nd Co , hides t a nned w i t h que b ra cho . .
J oh n H annah w ool ; ,
«
Be the an d Hubler e x tra ct um carnis ,

.
Ba o a z s M ED AL S .
'
Boq ue t Brot he rs silver ores ,

.
H ap p e nba ck s ilver ores

-
, . l
The Govern m ent sam ples of ti m b er , .
Steg m an Brothers w oo l ,
.
R ichard Ne w ton w ool ,

.
Wi l frid L atha m W 0 0 1 , .
‘
M D up ort al w ool
.
,
.
Martinez de Hoz w oo l ‘ , .
Ma ce donio Gras Alpa ca w oo l ,

.
M Bou que a ud calf s foot oil

.
,
’
.
The Secretar y of C o m m ittee soap ,

.
T uc um an Prov in cial Co m pan y m edicinal herbs ,

.
Tho m as Ol ide n dr ie d a nd s alt e d beef

. ,
‘
The Govern m e nt for « pop ular c usto m s » (stuffe d gauch os , , .
H O N O R A BL E M E N T I O N .
“
T ucu m an Prov incial Com p any e m broide r y ,
.
Major Bick a rd silver o res ’
,
'
Carra nz a m in e ra l sp e cim e us
,
'
Gener al Pacheco w oo l and tob a cc o , .
l l So lanet w ool
.
, .
F rancis Younge r w o ol , ,
;
Willia m M ul ler dried b e e f , .
De m ar ia and Ariza dried bee f

‘
.
,
,Po u get of Mendoza white w ines

, , .
.
Michel Pouget w hite w ines ,

.
14 '
F O R EIG N iPQ BUL k T IO N J m
“
,
“
W il l “
h it i n
'
r im s " “l fi o " .
H i; 1 3! a n; “ H ” ,
w ; .
, m nt Y a ll
r
ful fi l
a
‘
, y tu u 1 F i i) is
l T
C H AR
hm , u m :
.
"
1 U
| l i " - I
THE i '
num be 1
y g t and ev ery da y
‘
of foreigners c ount ry i v e r r e a in t h is
tf ' s
‘
increasing The chief centre s o f E uropean i m m igratio n are ‘Bueno s ‘A yre s

.
Santa F e E ntre B ios Corrientes Cord oba a n d Sa n J u 1n

, , , ,
' '
The foreign populat ion of t he l Pr oviue e of B uenos Avre s is estim ated at

distributed as follo w s a n y‘ 5 W l ‘
“
Italians , Irish
"
,
En
'
Basques
'
,
i
g l ish a nd Scdtch
Ger m ans ”l
.
r "
French , 10 00 0 , ,
Spaniards , O ther na tion alities ,
This large n um be 1 o f foreigners form ing hal f the population of t he ,
Province of Buenos A y res i s 1 e m ark abl e and the forei gner upon l a nding
, , ,
is a greeabl y astonis hed to fi nd hi m self in the niidst of a lar ge so ciet y

o f country m en A m ongst Argentines of the respectable clas se s; p roficien cy
.
i n foreign languages is considered a n ecessa ry"qual ification t hus the , ,
greater part of the m erchants speak E nglish or French .
The E nglish un que st ionabl yfi occupy t he r fore m ost p l a ce in B ue no s

'
' '
,
A y re s al though their nu m ber is rel ativel y : so s m a ll Of c ourse in

'
'
‘
. .
,
s peaking of English m e rcha n

'
t s this is also taken to include Scotch ; a n d

-
,
'
a fe w Irish a nd North Am ericans , thi s co m m unit y e m bra ces the greate st

ele m ent of social and co m m ercia l um port a nce in Bue n osVAy re s A va s t
'
’
~
.
’
a m ount of the i m port and export trade p asse s t hrough t he ir ha n ds and ,
'
the co m m e rci a l interests m a y be said to be ide nt ifi e d w ith i t he ir l n a m e s

‘
'
.
English m en a re rarel y found here in other than m erca ntile pur suits ;
the y are the lea ding m er chants broker s bankers shi p ping a ge nt s &c , , , ,
.
,
b ut a re seldo m or ne ver found a s she e p fa rm e rs m echanics or in h u m bler , ,
positions The y usuall y m ake handso m e fortunes ; l ive in good st y l e; and

.
get alon g plea santl y w ith the 1 r fello w forei gn ers an d to w ns m en 1 1? -

.
another chapter w e shall m ake allusion to the nu m ber of British institution s

in the ci ty .
m ou sn y e ne m a s, m e n, m e . 15
‘
Th e Ge rm a ns n com e in e xt a ft e the E nglish in im port a nce and p o sit ion , . r '
be in g m ore i v a rie d in t h e ir ce ilin s

g , and rep re s en t in g m uch l es s ! of t h e
sta p l e tra de of t he co untry 1 The er a re ise e ra l fi rst c l a s

v s G e r
.m an '
ho nse s -
b l
:
'
in t eh ! cit y, b es ide s a n tn n e r o t « ba r ra queros ; » bre w ers ,

sh op keepe rs ,
As a r ule , the y ar e al l w el l e ducat e d, a nd very

' '
clerks , a nd f t ra de sm e n i
«
. .
us uall y p osse ssin g t hre e bm fodr l a ngua ge s ifl u e n tl y

‘
o
.
Under th e title « G erm ans » a re g e ne ra ll y in cluded 1 also Sive de s Dane s;

'
i
i
D u t ch}, a nd B e lgians In so m e o f i t he c oun t r y t o w

. n sl
of th e i Upp e .
,
Province s w e fin d a n occas iona l Ge rm a n fs h op k ee p e r ii i Cor doba the re

'
v .
-
.
,
'
a re sundr y g oat breeders in the Pro vince of Buenos A yr e s a fe w ar e
-
,
t ancieros and the colon es o f ra dero and are i a rt ade

es
up of G e rm ans
I i ,
B a .l
fia n t a F e n
p
m
.
it
o .
s
i t
l
The Fr ench prefer a nd iha ve a th e d of city m ono p ol y '
fancy baz aa rs a nd such l ike ; the ionl y m erc h an t s a re those in the w ine
,
,
t ra de w ith Bor dea ux or Ce tte ; th ere is a n um be r of ho tel keepers tail ors

-
x -
, ,
m il lin ers ha ir dr essers a nd m ech a nics

,
-
In the little t o w ns the French are
, .
v er nu m erous and the are genera ll industrious and enterprising the

y y , y y .
a ssi m ila te m o re w ith the people of the c o unt ry tha n either G er m ans o r
'
E n glish Man y (if the ch a rl ta bl e Inst1 t nt1 0 rns are ih cha rge of the Fren ch
’ '
"
.
S isters of Charit y Throughon t the Upp er I rovinc e s there is a la rge

’
'
’
.
sprinklin g of French usually innk e epers m echa ni cs or s m all trad es m en

, , ,
.
The
v , alth ou gh exe rc is ing little or n o w ei ght in public m atters ,
Iri sh, .
'
m a yl con t e n d w i t h a ny f ot h er n a tionalit y in poi nt of useful n ess The y .
ha ve tnot it is tnue the po sition or a dva ntage s of t he in m e rca n til e

'
,
‘ ‘
b rethren nor the versatilit y of the Ba sque s in acc o m m odating t he m sel ves
,
to a n y callin g o r o ccupation ; but to the m is due the grand de velop m ent

o f sh e e p fa rm in g w hich m ak es thi s ,
count r y riv al Ah stra l ia in the ’
gro w th of w ool The Irish fa rm e rs are e sti m ated to po ssess ne arl y

sheep : the y are also a s far m ers the chief landed prop rietors , ,
in Bu enos A yr e s
‘
’
and very hospitable to stran gers
. Th e distri ct s .
o f L ujan Mercedes Pilar Areco L ohos &c ar e thi ck l y settle d w ith

‘ ‘
.
, , , , , ,
Irish m en an d each district h as its own Irish clerg ym an W ith one or t w o

,
.
exceptions the Irish sett lers b ega n life (w i thin the la st thirty y e a rs )
,
h aving no other capital than a spade or shove l There i s nothing in the .
co untr y m ore a dm ii a bl e than th e stead indu tr of these m en so m e of

y s y ,
w ho m count thei 1 sheep by t he hundred th o u sand an d h av e lande d -

,
p rope rt y of th ousands o f a cres i n e xte nt In the cit y th er e is a large .
nu m be r of Ir ish hou se m aids w h o are re m arkable for their unifor m ‘
m oralit y
,
honest y , a nd g ood conduct .
16 Pe nm a n Por UL arionw . 1r 1
.
1 hig hl y v al ue d a s i mmigr ants

, are “t he y m om e from e it h e r
-
'
s i de of t he rPy nine e s and m a y; be c l a ssifie d 1 into : F rench Ba sque s and r

,
.
.
Spani sh both sh avin ga a l m ost the l sa m e l an guage 1 and na ti onal

- 1 ‘
ch aract er H The a re h dy 1 h one st an d l aborious and uhre t found in

’
y ar ~
.
, , ,
e ve ry p occ up ation of t h e m id dle or h u1 nbl e r classes A fter the It alia n s;

‘
’
.
they for m the l arge stn fcre ign po pul at ion jAs bri ck m ak ers , m il k m en;
, ,
r
.
- l
she ph erds , s alader o peo ns

1
th e y constitute a m o st useful cla ss a n d
,
.
,
their 1goo d condu ct is q uit e proverbi al Man y of the m hav e ris e n int h e
'
. .
r
s o ci al scalse , an d so m e la rge fort une s aa h d valuable ente rprises a re hel d

'
'
by Ba sques .
J 1 ;
" 1 1
The Spaniards are W 1 th i ff

icult y di s
ti nguish ed fro m the nat ives d
The y .
co m e m ostly fro m Andalusia Catalon ia and Gali cia Th e Catal an s a re

“
.
, ,
w ine m erchant s and fi rst rate busi ne ss m e n The Andalusi an s E ir e

’
-
.
cigar selle rs and shop keepers The Gal icians are street porters ; n igh t
”
! -
.
w atch m en ne w sp a pe r m essengers and do mesti c serv ants : the y are

, ,
s ob er a nd honest , but n ot ver y ente rpr ising

' ’
The Italians a re t he m ost num e rous cl a ss of all and m a y b e foun d in ,
ever y oc c upation of cit y l ife and also scat t e i e d through ev er y part of ,
the vast t e iritory Finding here a si m ilarit y of language an d cli m at e

.
to their ow n , the italians m ak e the Rive r Plate their favored place of

coloniz ation As m asons and builders the y are speciall y useful a nd the
.
,
v a rioh s splendid
p iles of bu1 1d1 n g r a 1 se d w ithin the last ten ye ars h av e .
giv en the m an active business In th e hu mbler calling of m arket '
gardeners the y also suppl y the c it y w ith vegetables and e arn a p rofit abl e
’
1 .
livelihoo d .
The monopol y of the r i ver n avigation and coasting crafts i s in t he

hands of Genoese ; the cre w are generall y e qual sharers i n the venture ,
a d appoint a « patron » 0 1 captain to c o m m a

n and and tr de on the ir o w n ,
.
account p urchasing cheese , b irds , s k i ns fr uit the i n the upper markets

, , ,
.
,
to bring to B uenos A y res or Montevideo The y construct th e ir o w n ship s .
i n the subp rb of the Boca where the y have for me d a rap id ly r is ing
’
to wn of about inhabitants .
,
i
In the Up pe r Provi nces t he num b er of f0 1 e m n
'
n n
se t t l e rs IS ver y sm all ; stil l

there are a fe w s cattered here an d th ere v iz
’
’
1
In Salta chiefl y
,
w h o co m e t h e re for the p urposes o f t rade ; .
. . ,
and on q a ccount of the o f their

litude of ori gin , cli m ate , soil , and production s, as w ell as the
sim i .
-
18 F O RE I G N P O P UL A T I O N .
The nu m ber Of vessels and passen gers fro m foreign ports i n 1 8 6 7 is

g i ve n a s follo w s 1
t t
Mo nte video
In the 1 e p 0 rt Of the Im m 1 grat ion Co m m ittee the follo w ing scale

w ages is given , and the figures m e not exaggerated
F ar m ser vants Monthl y , w ith B oard ,

G ardeners ,
do . do ,, .
House Servants ,
do . do .
,
Cooks , do . do ,
.
,
Needle w o m en ,
-
do . do ,
.
,
Milliners ,
do do ,
.
,
.
L aundresses , do , do ,
. .
Brick la y ers
-
,
Dail y w ithout Board
, ,
Carp enters , do , do ,
. .
Blacks m iths do , .do , .
T ailors ,
do , . do .
,
Shoe m ak ers do , . do , .
Rail w a y n avvie s ,
do .do , ,
.
Salade ro p eons , do , .do , .

R O SP ERITY
P or I MM I GRA NT S . 19
’
The cost of a m ech ani c s board an d lodging does not excee d thre e
shillings a da y Workm en of all kinds find i m m ediate e m plo y ment an d
.
,
t he n e w r ail w ay s w il l req uire thousands of n avv ies An y num ber of .
far m laborers m arried or u nm arried w ill fin d plent y of w ork on the

-
, ,
estanci as of Buenos A yr es Do m esti c servants are m uch w anted in to w n

.
and w o m en are preferred .
Noth ing can better she w the prosperit y of im m igrants than the o ffi c ial
return of depositors In the State B ank of B uenos A y res O f 1 0 0 depositors .
the various nationalities w ere thus rep resented :

It al ians ,
30 French 9 ,
Argentines ,
18 Engli sh and Irish 4
Spaniards ,
13 Ger m ans 4 ,
Bas ques 13 V arious 9

The proportion of m one y s so lodge d w as distributed as follo w s —out
, ,
of every paper dollars depo sited the o w ne rs w ere ,
Argentines , 27 Basques ,
I talians ,
French ,
English a nd Iri sh ,
000 Ger m ans ,
Spaniards , 10 0 0 0 00 0 Vari ous , , ,
It m ust b e borne in m ind that b esides the depositors in bank there ar e

thousands of industrious E urope a n s w h o have invested their savings in land
a nd far m ing stock Many of the Irish settlers as in North A m erica
.
,
.
send ho m e su m s of m oney to their relatives to support the m or p a y thei r ,
passage h ither The Irish house m aids into w n have also ac counts in the
.
Savings b a nks
-
.
The Italians as a rule practise the greatest e cono m y to a c cu m ulate a

, , ,
fortune of £50 0 or and this attai ned they ret urn to their n ative
, ,
land . The Fren ch on the contrar y as soon as the y hav e m ade so m e

, ,
m one y st art a m ill or so m e such enterpr ise , and settle for good in the
,
countr y .
20 A G RICUL TURA e mm s
pc v
0
C H AP . IV .
A G RI CU L T URAL COLONI ’ ‘
ES .
Besides the num be rl e ss fore ign settlers establishe d a s sh e e p fa rm e rs ,
or in ot h e r o ccupation s there are six agricultural

.
i
. ,
colonies founded
,
.
.
by capitalist s or Provinc ial G overn m ents on given concessio ns of land , .
In Sa nta F é there are thre e colon ies in E ntre B ios t w o and in B uenos
,
. ,
.
A y res one , v iz .
A S N TA FE ‘
.
‘
E speranz a , E ight L eag ues fro m Santa Fé

1 62 7 colonists , , .
Sa n J e ron im o , 80 0 do
Tw o Leag ues fro m E speranza
.
, .
Sa n Carlos 73 5 Tw o Leag u es from S J eroni m o ‘
,
. .
Santa Fé is the provin c e w hi ch has don e m ost f or col on isa tion and it s ,,
colonies are in a thriving ,w ay The soil is fer t ile w ater ed by nu m erous .

,
.
-
,
rivers and « arro y os w hich abound in fish The Governor of Sant a é

,
.
,
‘
g ives a free passage by st ea m er fr om B uen os A y res to all m e chani cs or

se ttlers bound for Rosario or Santa F e cit y or oth e r p art of the provin ce ,
.
The port for the Colo nies 1 8 San ta Fe w hich has w e ekl y co m m unication w ith ,
Buenos A y r es Montevideo Corriente s and the s m aller ports

, , ,
The Esp e ra nz a Col ony founded by D Aar o n Castellanos i n 1 8 56 : th e

,
.
fi rst settlers w ere G er m ans w h o br ought w ith the m a clerg y m an

,
a ,
director and a s chool m aster In 1 8 58 the Argentine G overn m ent took

,
.
the colon y under its prote ction inde m nify in g Sr Castellanos w ith ,
.
sterling The first y ears w ere unfortunate o w ing to the lo custs ; but the
.
,
colon y is n ow flouris h ing It is co m posed of 3 55 fa m ilies counting

.
,
colonists viz ,
.
Sw iss ,
8 52 B elgians ,
Ger m ans 45 6
,
Italians ,
French ,
207 Various ,
In 1 8 6 5 the colon y had 8 5 births , 2 8 deaths , and 2 8 m arriages .

21
Th ere are in the colon y a Catholi c cha p el an other for Pr otestan ts t w o ,
d w ell in g h ouses e ach house havin g a W e l l of excellent

'
schools and ,
-
w ater The nu m b er of farm lot s oc cu pied is 2 1 0 each cont ainin g

.
-
,
8 5 acres E nglis h Th ere is a v ast extent o f groun d In this colony as y e t

. .
unall otted .
The y ield for 1 8 6 5 w as as foll o w s

Wheat , fan (3 50 11) Vegetables dried 7 5 4 fa n .
, ,
.
Indi an corn do , B utt er 6 53 cw t .

,
.
Barl e v , 2 40 do Cheese 6 0 0 do .
,
.
do .
This p roduced after deduct ing for ho m e use a m arket value of

, ,
The num ber of fr uit tr ee s m ostl y pe a ches is p ut do w n at -

, ,
and the v ines have given such g ood re sul ts that ne w plantations
are be ing m ade .
The stock i n 1 86 5 co m pri sed , ,
Co w s a n d oxen Pigs ,
7 10 ,
Horses and m ul es Poul tr y , ,
Sh eep ,
70 8 Beeh ives 20 ,
The c olonists exported d ur in g th e y e ar 5 5 brl s of flour 5 45 cow ,

“
.
-
h ides and 6 2 5ih o f hai r The o ccup ations w e fi nd thus distr i buted
, .
-
1 9 groc eries and draperies 9 c arpenter shops 6 b rick la y ers 5 bl ack ,

-
,
-
,
s m iths 4 m id w ives 4 boot m ake rs 4 m ills 3 tailors 2 inns 3 bri ck

'
, , , , , ,
kilns 1 bak e r 1 doct or 1 bre w e r 2 steam m ill s 2 w in dm ills 1 sa w in g

, , , , , , ,
6 reap ing 2 thr e sh ing and 1 0 w inn o w ing m achines 2 2 0 dah ie s

, , ,
.
The Sa n Je r onim o Col ony i s t w o leagues fr om that of E spe ranz a ,
c o m p rising 1 57 fam ilies w h ich c o unt 7 5 3 colonists sett le d on 1 8 1 ‘
, ,
far m lots of 8 5 acres each In the concession the re is stil l a lar ge

-
.
tract of ground read y for an y w h o m a y j oin the c olon y The returns .
for 1 8 6 5 w ere
Sw iss ,
6 4 4 colonists Ital ians .
,
Ge rm ans 67 do . North Am er ica ns .

,
French , 13 do Natives , .
Belg ians 13 do ,
.
Births 1 9 deaths 1 0 m arriages 2

, ,
.
The colony bo ast s a ch urch sch ool an d 1 6 5 dwell ing houses There , ,
.
are 5 shops 3 m ills 3 bla ck s mith s 4 carpenters , 1 bre w er 1 butche r

'
3 shoe m akers 1 m ason , 1 g u ns m ith—but m o st of these a rti san s devote

, , , ,
’
-
,
‘
the ir ch ief atte ntion to agricultur e The n um b er of fruit tre e s is p ut

‘
. .
dow n at
22
AGRICUL TURAL
l
conom ns
,
.
The crops for 1 8 6 5 g ave

W heat ,
’
. fanega s .
Indian corn ,
do ,
10 do .
Potatoes 50 0 do
‘
.
,
Vegetables , 48 do .
The stock c o m pr ised

Cow s or oxen ,
Pigs ,
Horses , Hens and ducks ,

Sheep ,
The Sa n Ca rl os Col ony is situate 8 lea gues S W of Santa F e 6 south of

‘
.
,
E speranz a and 5s N W of Coronda ; the last na m ed i s a p ort on a branch

, . .
‘
of the Parana O nl y a sm all part of the conce ssm n (w hich co m pri ses 3 3 0
.
lots )is y e t taken up by settler s b ut there are 1 3 0 farm lots of 8 5 acres ,

-
, ,
under cultivation Ever y alternate lot belongs to the concessionaires

.
'
but the y allo w the use of sa m e t o the colonists for graz ing purp oses . .
There are 1 3 0 fam ilies w ith 7 3 5 colon ists ,
Sw iss , 3 93 Ger m ans ,
Itali ans , 20 4 Natives ,

French , 95
O f these there w ere 2 6 6 m e n 2 0 3 w om en and 2 6 6 ch il dre n fi B irth s , ,
3 5 deaths 4 m arriages 8
, , The col on y boast s a ch urch 3 school s and
.
, ,
2 1 0 houses There are 6 shops 2 m ills , 1 carpenter and 1 blacks m ith

. .
,
The industr y of b utter and cheese is r apidl y increasing the SW 1 ss and ,
F renc h fa m il ies o ccup y in g the m selves therein

The stock com p rise d l
Co w s and oxen ,
Horses ,
Sheep Sw ine
‘
,
26 ,
Hens ,
3 ,0 0 0
‘
F ruit trees ,
The Santa F é Go vern m ent is al w a y s w ill ing to extend th e con cession

for a ny n e w set tlers that m a y of1cr and th e alternate lots belon gi ng to the ,
concessionair es are sold at reasonable p I ICC S the p i e fe i e n ce being given '
to the colon ists The colony ha s asy co m m unication i n a l l season s w ith

e
.
Sa n J e 1 0 n im o, E sp eranza and th e port of Coronda Ste a m traffi c i s .
about to be est ablished bet w een Santa F é and Coronda but if the
steamers w oul d c all at Maciel this w o u ld be onl y four and a half leagues
fro m the colon y .
PERKIN S ’
RE P R T O on T HE C O L ON IE S . 23
The gr oss returns Of produ ce sent into -Santa F é in 1 86 5 by the

, , ,
t hree colonies w e re ,
Wheat ,
Bu tter an d ch eese cw t ,
.
Indian corn ,
E ggs doz ,
.
O ats ,
F ow l , nb t stated .
Vegetables do ,
.
'
The butter w as valued at st e rl in g t h e eggs at and th e ,

‘
c heese at an e quall y high fig ur e Meanti m e the produce of the colonies .

,
increases e ver y y ear in a w onderful m a nner and the value of the ir l an ds ,
h as bee n enhan ced full y 2 5 per cent by th e o pe nin g of the Rosario and .
Co rdOba Rail w a y .
Mr Perkins form erl y e ditor o f the F e rro Ca rril of Rosario pub lished a
.
,
-
,
val uable and interesting w ork i n Spanish an d E nglish on this subject At .
t h e invi tation of G overnor Cul le n h e sta rted fr o m Ros a rio i n Nove m ber , ,
1 8 6 3 to m ake a tour of the colonies and h is n arrative be a rs th e m arks

, ,
o f truth At Lak e G uadal upe close to San ta F e h e v isited the fish Oil
.
, ,
factor y w here h e est im ates

,
barrels o f O il m a y be pro duced annu al l y ,
w ithou t s erious l y reducing the fis h w hich are sold at one re a l (6d )per ,
.
a rrob a (2 51i Here als o is a s all colon O f w ealth y G er an s h

) , m y m ,
w o
p referred purch as in g this site to tak ing the free G overn m ent l a nds .
In co m pan y w ith M Henri Mr Perki ns se t out for the E spe ranz a

.
,
.
Colon y di stant t w ent y m iles fro m the capital of the provi nce
,
This w as .
the first of a l l the coloni es and es t ablis hed by D Aar on Castell an os

,
. .
The settlers w ere at first rather unfortunate being m ostl y i gn oran t an d ,
—
in digent people ; but patien ce and experien ce h ave ai ded the m a n d t he ,
colon y i s n o w flo urish ing There are sa y s Mr Perk ins — 3 4 5 fa m ilies

"
.
,
.
m a king up a popul ation of 7 5 6 Fran co Sw iss and 8 0 5 Ger m a ns Of w ho m -

,
t w o t hirds are Ro m an Catho l ics a n d on e th ird Protestants

-
The colon y ,
-
.
is a p arall e l l ogra m of thirt y t w o square m ile s divided into concessions o f

-
,
e ight y acres ea ch : the w hole is bisected by a co m m on fo r gr azing 40 0 ,
y ards broad a nd six m iles long the G er m a ns be ing on one side and the , ,
Fr a nco Sw iss on the other There are over

-
a cres under cro p s
.
,
the am ount so w n be ing esti m ated as follo w s z —w heat bushels ; '
b arle y 2 50 ; Indian corn

, bean s and p eas a li ttle ; potatoes
, , ,
none The stock co m prises

. horses 3 9 6 oxen co w s , , ,
cal ves 50 0 sheep and 6 0 0 pigs The plaz a is w ell built con t aining a
, ,
.
,
Catholic chapel an d a Protestant one in constru ction beside s other ed ifice s

, w ,
a n d thre e schools ; b ut the latt e r are badl

.
y atten ded t he childr en being

,
m a de t o w ork .
24 A GRI C UL T URAL C O L O NIE S .
Tw o A m erican gentle m en nam e d E vans an d Sh atte r latel y settle d ,
in the colony and brought re a ping and threshin g m a ch in es and other

, ,L
A m erican i m prove m ents into general use : on e of the se m achines can gr a in

,
2 0 0 quint als per T h e w oods bein g fift een m iles off fe w of th e .
,
.
con cessions are fen ced in a nd so m e a re so w ith w ire

t There are on e
—
.
,
.
v ine y ard a nd se veral gardens The crops $ 0 1 this y r e a a re . .

'
v alued at s Cheese . fo w ls and vegetables are , ,
r aise d b ut the suppl y w ould b e m uch greater if cheap transport could be

,
p rocured O ne fa
miy
.l l 1
; a s a n inco m e ,
O f $ 4 0 0 s fro
,
m butt er alone .
,
w hich the y sell at 6 d to 9d per the sam e being w o rth 2 5 i n R osari o

. .
_
.
a nd 3 3 in Bueno s A yr es The annual p roduce in eggs i s 1 6 0 0 0 0 dozen

. .
,
.
T here are t w o w ind m ills and several w ater m ills -

T he people liv e
,
-
.
s i m pl y but sub st anti all y , consu m ing little ani m al food E ver y fa m il y
,
.
h as a t w o horse four w heeled w aggon and so m e h ave t w o or m ore

-
,
. .
There is a trifling disagree m ent in th e colon y about m ixed m arr iage s .
I t is re m aik e d that the F r a n co Sw iss h ave thrived better than t h e

G er m ans .
The Sa n Jeroni m o Colon y w a s foun ded so late as 1 86 2 by a nu m b er O f

’
Sw iss fro m the Canton of Valais ea c h of w ho m brought so m e m one y h om ,
£ 8 0 to £ 8 0 0 sterling The y paid all their ow n . expe n ses a nd onl y ,
r e ceive d fro m Go vern m ent the us ual la nd grant of ei ght y acres per fam il y
,
,
.
T h e colon y c ove rs acres occupied by eight y fi ve fa m ilies counting ,

-
,
4 6 2 souls of these one half are n e w arrivals and h ave as y e t no w heat

,
.
,
'
crops There are sow n 2 8 4 bushels o f w heat and a good deal of b arle y
.
,
.
T he people are sober and i ndustrious good Catholi cs m oral and respe ctful , , ,
and superior to those of E speranz a The y h av e al re a dy a fi ne ch ur ch .

,
built by sub scription of bri cks e ach and several good bri ck houses ,
.
Each fam il y h as about t w ent y co w s and horses but no sheep The y ,

.
m ake excellent bu tter and cheese the latter fetching $ 1 2 per cw t The ,
.
colonists p a y th e expenses of an agent w h o goes b ack w ards and for w ard s ,
t o Sw itzerland bringing out n e w fam ilies for the colon y A m a n

,
.
for m erl y w o rking at the Esperanz a as far m serv ant has settled here -
, ,
and i s n ow w orth San Jeroni m o is half w a y bet w een E speranz a

an d San Carl os and Mr Perki ns gives it the pre feren ce of all
, ., .
Th e Sa n Carlos Colon y w a s founded in Ma y 1 8 59 by t h e co m m er cia l

.
,
h ouse of Messrs Be ck and He rz h og of Basle assisted by a co m pan y w hich

.
, ,
p ur chase d so m e of th e shares and advance d t h e capital The e m i gr ant s .
w ere of a lo w er order lik e those of E speranza and a l l their expenses

,
w
, ,
m aintenan ce , i m ple m ents stock s eeds &c w ere m ost lib erall y supplied ,
.
, , ,
a nd p a i
. d for by the com pan y E ach fa m il y got a free pas s age , 1 60 acre s
.
26 A G RI C UL T URAL C O L O N IE S .
4 little ch ildren the eldest 1 2 and the y oungest 1 4 m onths old and a
, ,
partner na m ed John Bonetti This fam ily o w e s its prosperit y t o the e x p e ri

.
enc e Of Taverna the order a nd frugalit y Of hi s w ife an d the constant and

, ,
c a reful labor of Bonetti : th ey a i rive d in 1 8 59 and n ow p ossess a fine ,
b rick h o use 4 0 head of horned c attle 1 2 horses 1 4 pigs and 50 hens

, , , , ,
besides a far m of 6 0 « al m udes » of w heat 4 5 acres Of m aiz e and vegetables , ,
and fruit trees .
«The Hae m m e rl y fa m il y of Sw iss origin arrived in 1 8 59 ; at first

, ,
co m pr ised Albert Ha e m m e rl y his w i fe three sons and t w o daughters

, , , ,
all O f an age to w ork the w ife died in 1 8 6 2 a nd a l l the children have

.
got m arried and p urcha sed concessions for the m selves except the ,
y oungest son w h o ha
, s re m ained w ith h is fath er : H a e mm e rl y ha s a
ne a t house 6 0 head of h orned cattl e 2 0 horses 4 pigs 4 0 hens

, , , ,
,
b esides cultivating 3 5 « al m udes » of w heat 2 5 a cres of m a ize and , ,
fruit trees
-
.
« The Re ut e m a n fa m il y Sw iss Ger ma ns is co m posed of 9 m e m bers

,
-
, ,
in cluding 7 children fro m 2 to 1 8 y ears Of age : t h e con cession is

surrounded w ith popl ars paradi se and s o m e , ,
fi nit tree s Thi s .
fa m il y o w ns 8 4 head of horned cattle 1 0 horses 1 pig and 1 0 0 p oultr y , , , ,
besides a far m of 6 5 « a l m udes » of w hea t and 4 5 a cres of m aize and

vegetables .
« The Reale fa m il of Italian ori gin co unt s 1 1 m e m bers w ith a fine

y , , ,
hO u se an d out Office s 6 0 horned cattle 1 2 hor ses 1 3 p igs 6 0 poultr y a nd

-
, , , , ,
a far m of 40 « al m udes » of w heat a nd 8 0 acres of m aiz e but onl y a fe w , ,
fruit trees .
« Th e Go e t sch
y fa m il y of Sw iss origin
,
o w ns 8 3 horned c attle 6,
horses 2 0 , ,
hens and a fa rm of 4 8 « al m udes » of w heat with

,
fruit trees a n d ,
-
,
a fence of popl ars a n d paradise trees .
« These are the fa m ilies special l y deserving honorabl e m ention i n m y

official r eport w ithout p re j udice t o the m a n y other honest and h a rd
,
w 0 1 king people in the Colon y I h ave m ent ioned those m os t re m arkabl e

.
for their fine appeara nce good houses and super ior cultivation hoping
, , ,
y o u w i l l per m it m e at another ti m e to spe cify other fa m ilies 1 n prosperous

“
c ondition in all w h ich det ails y ou m a y r e l y on m y adhering strictl y
,
to the fa cts » .
Th e su ccess o f these colonies soon sti m ulated th e Santa F e Govern m ent .
to Offer c on cession s in v arious p arts of th e Prov in ce fOr Si m ilar s ettle m ents ,
and Governor O r o n o durin g h is ter m of Offi ce l a b ored stren uousl y to

, ,
fo m ent i m m igration Unfortun ately the Pa iagua y an w a r che cked th e

.
,
fom a tion of n e w C olonies , and th e p i oj e ct s h ave either lap sed , or stil l

y
ON PR O J E CT S 7
'
E 3 1 1 G RAT I .
Sor O ro no w h ile Dep uty to Con gr es s in J ul y

’
re m a in in statu quo ‘
. .
, , ,
1 86 4 introduced a b ill as follo w s

,
l st To e m it
. in 6 pe r c ent Bon ds n ego ciable at 7 5 per c ent .
,
.
2 n d TO bring out
. fa m ilies Of th e far m ing class fro m E urope to ,
supply the m w ith provisions anim als an d far m ing i m ple m ents durin g one
, , ,
y ea r ; to build house s and a s ch ool for ea ch colon y .
3 rd Each i m m igrant fa m ily to co m prise five in dividuals an d r eceive

.
,
t w o oxen one h orse three fane ga s of w h eat t w o of potato es on e o f

, , , ,
m aiz e t w o ploughs
,
and pro visions for t w elve m onths Each fa m ily
, .
to get a gr ant of t w ent y four cuadras (1 0 0 a cr es) Of land for ever ,

-
and th is as w ell as al l produce to b e fre e of taxes for t w en ty y ears .
4 t h After four y e ar s the c olonists to begi n to r e i m b ur se thes e

.
-
expenses pay ing to Gover nm ent on e fi fth of the a m o unt until satisfied
,
- .
The proj e ct w a s thro w n out by Congress but about the sa m e ti m e th e ,
Santa F e L egislature m ade a grant of 2 0 0 square le a gues to a Ge r m an Co m

,
pany w h ich assu m e d the na m e O f « Th e Argentine L a nd and E m igration

,
C O Li m i te d » an d p u blished th e follo w ing prospectus

.
, ,
« Th e capital of the pre sent co m pan i s and th e co m pan y i s t o

y
se c ure the land grant m ade by G ov ern m e nt by se nding out ten thousan d ,
fa m ilies to for m agri cul tural c olonie s w ithin th e period of ten y ears .
« Th e lands granted by G o vern m ent to the con c es sionaires are to b e

situated on the Paran a and Salado the ir exa ct lo ca l ity to b e fixe d by ,
th e co m pan y s s urvey or ’
.
« The Gov ern m ent a grees to conve on the arriv a l o f ever y 2 0 0 fa m il ies ,
y ,
six s quare le agues .
« The colon ists are to b e Ger m ans an d Irish m en .
« Th e Govern m e nt m akes a free gran t o f 2 0 0 squ are le a g ues of land of ,
w hich 1 0 6 51 leagues are to b e distr ibute d a m on g th e i m m igrants and th e ,
bal a nce 1 9 3 53 leagu es b eco m es th e fre e property of the c o m p an y »

, ,
.
Noth ing h a s sin ce b een h eard of the co m pan y but it is possible that ,
on the c onclu s ion of th e w a r the proj ect m ay b e r ev ived .
In Septe m ber 1 8 6 6 a conce ssion w as givon to Sor Calvari for the intro
, .
duction of a nu m b er of Italian s to colo ni ze th e Gran Chac o Sundry .
G er m an and F 1 e n ch e nt e rp i ise s of the sam e kind also sprun g up o f w hich ,
w e Shall speak m o i e full y in tre ating of th e G i an Chaco There i s at .
present a proje ct to establish a colon y at th e Guard ia Esqu ina situate

-
on th e Rio Tercero : t his river m ay b e m ad e n avigabl e and the c olony ,
w ill be w ithin e as
y reach of the R osa rio an d Cordob a r ail w a y ;
An other ne w ly proj ected c olony in the neighborhood of the to w n of
-
Sa n José has re ceived the na m e of « Sa n J OSé de la E squina » w here eight

,
y ,
28 A GRI C UL T UR AL C OL O N IE S .
acres of la nd w ill b e given to a ny pe rson on the sole condition of it s

, ,
b eing cultivat ed a n d of their bringing a couple of oxen a pair of hors es

, , ,
a n d the ne cessar
y ga 1 1 cultur al i m ple ments An extra inducem e nt to .
settlers IS held out by a prom ise of four pou nds of m eat da ily z to be ,
g iven grat nit ousl y to e ach fa m ily duri n g the first y ear The to w n of .
Sa n J ose near the ba nk s of the P aran a has about 4 0 0 i n habitants

,
The , .
c olo nists m ust fen ce 1 11 their lots m ake a w ell and plant fifty trees : for
, ,
fi ve y ears the y will be ex em pt fro m all t axes Th e distribution of the land s .
w ill be m ade by t he follo w ing co m m itte e —Messrs Aa ron Ca st e l l an os . i .

,
Pe dro R a m ay o Colo nel Rodriguez Joaqui n L e j a rz a Santiago Reca no

, , , ,
Nic olas Soto m ay or and Fra ncisco O liva ,

.
E NTRE- RI O S .
General Urquiz a S ignalized his a dm inistration no less by his op ening the

ri vers to the flags of all nations tha n by hi s efforts for i m m igration The
,
.
p rovi n ce of E n tr e R ios has t w o colon

-
ies ,
tha t of Sa n J ose be in
g t he largest .
,
in the River Plate .
stands 7 lea gues nor th of the tow n of Conc ep cion on

' '
S a n J oser Col ony ,
the banks of the Uruguay : it h as a convenient port of Safe anchor age

‘
,
,
an d the to w n w hich is sprin ging up there is t o be called aft er t he discoverer

‘
O f t h e Ne w World The colony counts 2 0 0 Sw iss , 1 2 5 Fren ch 5 4 Italian '
'
.
, ,
and 1 5 Ger m an fa m ilies co m prising 2 2 8 0 p ersons The ret urns for 1 8 6 3

,
.
,
w ere — 1 1 3 births 3 3 deaths 1 1 m arriages The professions of the

, ,
.
colonists w ere— 2 2 Shop k e e p e rs 1 6 m a sons 1 7 carpenters 7 Shoe m akers

,
-
, , , ,
'
6 t ailors 6 bla cks m iths 4 t ins m iths 5 m e chanics 1 guns m ith 1 boiler
, , , , ,
m aker 1 sa w y er 2 m ills 1 stea m m ill 1 Oil press

, , ,
The colony boasts a
-
,
-
.
church a s chool and 2 5 7 br ick h ouses val ued at

, ,
sterling there ,
is also a church i n construction on the S ite of the i ntended tow n T he

‘
con cessions are 1 6 cuadras (7 0 a cres )ea ch Uncult ivated lots are sold at .
$ 10 (3 0 3
) the cuadra the purchaser b eing
,
charged
"
1 8 p er cent .
interest per annu m till the a m ount be disch arged There are .
c uadras of land o ccupied an d unde r cultivation ; fruit trees 1 1 2

,
-
The a v era ge annual y ield is

Wheat and oats fanega s ,
Tobacco .
,
Indian corn ,
do Sw eet potatoes , .
.
Potatoes , 1 2 0 tons Butter .

,
Mani , . 1 8 0 do : E ggs ,
Besides cheese , m elons , p eas , bea ns , &c , in abundance . .

C O L O NIE S OF EN T ER B IO S .
9
The crops of 1 8 6 5 w ere so prolific that w heat gave fr om 35 to 40 fol d ,
b ar le y 3 0 to 50 and l udian corn three to fo u

,
r hun dred fold . Th e return s
of st ock w ere
Co w s and oxen ,
Hors e s ,
S w in e ,
6 29
A
‘
‘
acua dra » of m a ni w il l
give a y ield of 3 2; tons and the oil extracted ,
from this nut i s of exc ellent qualit y : hen ce this is a lucrative ar ticle .
Ric ino is a plant tha t gro w s in ab un dance a l m ost w it h out culti vat ion ; it i s .
n ow e xtensivel y planted both for the raising of s il k w or m s and for the

,
-
oil it conta ins ; a cuadra w ill give t w o to three tons The c ul tivation of .
cotton w a s tried but w ithout su ccess ; the great danger is tha t of drought
, ,
and if the irrigation b e “ i m proved this ind ust r y w ill b e aga i n tried : a s
m uch as 2 5g ) of cott on have been got fro m a single plant w ell w atered -
.
The tobacco crop i s highl y satisfa ctor y w hile requir ing m u ch ca re : a ,
« cua dra »gi ves som etim es a ton of ver y g oo d tob ac co The m ilk b utter .
, , , ,
and cheese of the colon y a re fi rst rate and so m e of the colonists m ake -
,
£ 4 0 to £ 6 0 sterl ing a y ear out of these ite m s i n suppl y ing th e to w ns of

, ,
Concepcion Pa y sand u &c The c olonists al so find a read y m arket fo r

, ,
.
the ir eggs and the suppl y of hone y p rom ise s t o be soon ver y considerable
,
‘
.
The Col ony of Val l a Urquiz a i s s ituate six leagues above the cit y of
’
Paran a on the Paran a river The river bank here ri se s to a h igh hill
, . .
O n ascen ding this h il l w e s e e a beauti f ul un dul a t in countr y The con ,

fr
o ,
.
cessions are about 3 0 a cres ea ch but there 1 5 no l i m it to th e nu m be r that ,
one m a n m a y ow n if he cultivate the m The h ouses are chiefl y ranchos » .

«
,
thou gh so m e b etter h ouses of bri ck w ith az otea roofs ar e alrea d y built , ,

.
The chief produc e is w heat E ver y concession is fenced in th e for e s t .

,
a ffo rding the m at erial : so m eti m es m an y co n cessions for m on e single field

of w heat When the y ear ha s b ee n favorable the crop gives 2 0 to 2 5
.
bushels to the acre It is rea ped by m a chiner y. .
Cotton has not done w e l l not for an y defe ct i n the s oil or cl im a t e but
'
, ,
‘
“
for the u ncertaint y of ob t aining hands on the e m ergenc y for p icking B ut ,
.
'
for t h is cott on w oul d p a y better tha n w heat : Land catt le and ho rses
’
, , , ,
a re v er
y l ow i n price Pa stura ge a l itt l e w a y out fro m th e Colon y is
.
,
'
abundant The colonists send to m arket in large q uantities w heat m aize

.
, ,
potatoes butter and cheese

, , .
Mr : F orrest and Mr: R ussell have bought large l y of these lands a nd w il l ,
reap thi s y ear so m e hun dr eds of acres o f w heat : In the c ou rse of another
y ear a la rg e accession of i m m i gr ants i s e xpected .
A G RI C U L T URA L C O L O NIE S
The o ffi cial returns for 1 86 5 ar e

nt of c on cession 6 7 0 0 acres colonists , Sw is s
, ,
Ger m ans 3 2 , 1 .
8 l ta l ia 11 s 5 an d Belgians 6 fa m ilies ; in all co m prising 3 55

, , ,
p ersons w ho occupy 2 3 2 cha cra lots and h ave pla ntations o f pea ch
, , ,
orang e plum , and fig trees The c olonists are m ade up of gardeners
,
.
,
blacks m iths ca 1 p ent crs m asons S hoe m akers and s m all dealers The
, , , ,
.
t otal stock doe s not ex ceed head Th e annual crop averages 3 0 0 0 .

,
fanegas w heat besid es m aiz e pot atoes vegetab l es cotton and t o

, , ba cco , , , .
The tobac co IS super ior to that of Paraguay it gave this y ear a fi ne crOp ,
w h i ch w a s readil y sold a t 1 8 d p e i ll) w h olesale This industr y i s

.
, .
1 n c1 e as1 n
0 '
The Am e 1 ican preceptor , Mr Ra n , gives the foll o wing .
report (1 8 6 7 )
« It is a far m ing colo ny of about 5 6 0 persons of w h o m 1 0 0 are nati v es , ,
2 0 0 E uropean Ro m an Catholics an d the re m a in g 2 6 0 are Prot e st ant s

c hiefl y E uropeans A fe w A m ericans are als o settled here and arrange
.
,
i
,
m ents are m ade for the settle m ent of m an y m ore A m eri can fa m ilies The .
c olon y is in its infan cy and m ost of the far m ers are poor D uring the l aSt
,
.
fe w y ears so m e of the crops h ave n ot b een good and the firs t houses built ,
by the i m m igrants have in ver y fe w instances given place t o better o nes

, , .
« We have re ce ived fro m the local Governm ent a free con cession of a
building lot 2 0 0 varas in front and 2 0 0 varas in depth m aking ab out
,
‘
,
‘ ’
,
igh t E nglish a cres

.
This ground is fi nely S it uated It is already fence d
. .
,
and on it w e h ave erected a s m all house su ffi cient for a t emporary ,
resi den ce for the M inister A w ell has also been dug , in w hich abundan ce
.
o f g o od w ater has been found We have a contra ct w ith a responsibl e

.
part y for the ere ction of the church w hich w ill cost £ 3 0 0 sterlin g and , ,
the e di fice w hen finished w ill be o ccupied for a school also

, , The
m inister being supported a s such gives his labours free as a teacher »
, , .
The enterprise at Villa de U1 q uiz a i s one of the « m isiones » under the

ch arge of the Rev W Goo dfello w D D of this city and fro m the so ciet y
. .
,
. .
, ,
that h e represents the colon y receives help l n all these proj ects .
Besides the above colonies General Urquiz a talks of establishing anothe r

,
on th at part of his lands l y ing bet w een his p alace of San José and the to w n
of Con cepcion the settle m ent to be bisected by a ra il w ay w ith Ger m an

, ,
s ettlers on one S ide , and Irish on the other .
B UE NO S AYRE S .
T he Sw iss Col ony of Baradero is about tw o m iles N W of the port of that . .
n a m e on the Para n a st anding on high and uneven ground in a b end of t h e

,
river bluffs , and co m m andin g a fine prospe ct The Arrecifes river , w hi ch .

m ur m ur }: S E TT LER S ar Ba na n r no . 31
abounds i n fish w a shes one side of th e concession givi n g w ater at a l l

, ,
sea so ns to th e ca ttl e ; a s the strea m is o n l y sixt y feet w ide th ere 1 s ea s y

p a ssa ge to a b eautiful i sl and w hich h as excellent pa stures e ven in th e
gre a test drought . Th is isla nd i s publi c propert y a nd m easures ten ,
l eagu e s by three .
In 1 8 5 6 the fi rst Sw iss colonists a rrived a nd so m e of these hard w orkin g

,
m e n (a c cm d in g to the o ffi cial re port before Govern m ent )have been able to

m ake a s m u ch a s £ 8 0 0 to sterlin g The y are in te l l ige nt g ardeners
.
G
,
a nd the soil 1 5 so produc ti ve that the y have ra ised s w eet potat oes w eigh ing
a s m u ch as a pound and a hal f each w hile the m elons c abba ges a nd other
-
, , ,
v egetables are e quall y l arge a n d gro,

w i n abundance Potatoe s constitut e .
th e m ost profitable of their cr 0 ps So m e experi m ents in tobac co turne d

.
out so w ell that the gro w e rs w ere a w arde d a sil ver m edal at the
Agricultur a l E xhibition of Buenos Avres m 1 8 56 Ma ui and linseed h ave .
given good results the first surprisingl y so ; sti l l the colonists fin d

, ,
p otatoe s to need less care and this 1 5 the ir grea t staple y ieldin g t w o crop s
, ,
a ve a r ;
the y
al s o ra ise s w eet potatoes m aiz e w hea t and
, b a i le y Tree
, s ,
o e on d n i b l v especiall y peaches a nd so fa vored is t h e soil of th e

c m a i r a ,
l ocalit y tha t even p al m trees (w hich are a l w a y s found in hotter la titudes )

are read il y ac cli m atize d So m e of the settle rs m ake butter and c heese
.
,
for w hich th ere IS a constant m arket eith er at Bara dero or Sa n Pedro ; th e

,
latter port is six m iles N orth of the c olon y T he boat m en of the coastin g
.
tra de are a lso good custo m ers of the c olonists bu y i n g their produce to ,
t ake do w n to Buenos A y res or else w h ere The colonists kno w that th e .
greater their produce th e rea dier m arket the y find .
The Municipality of Barade ro provide n e w co m ers w ith board an d

lodging till putting the m in po ssession of their lots E ver y able bodie d .
-
m an re ce ives a lot 2 0 0 v ara s on each side about eight acre s in extent o n

, , ,
con diti on of ditching it round planting a fe w trees m a k ing hi m self a h ut

, ,
or « ran cho ,
an d cultivating th e ground w ithin a y ear ; if a settler h a s
gro w n up sons , each of the m m a y h ave a si m ilar lot m erely appl y in g to th e
-
,
Municipality f or sam e The c olon y co unts 8 7 3 souls

.
.
Ger m ans , 45 Men ,
Sw iss
,
2 6 0 Wo m en ,
F rench ,
67 Children ,
Italians ,
1 19 Catholics ,
Sp a ni a rds , 37 Protestants ,
Argentines ,
3 45
Th e concession m a y be p ut do w n at acres of w hich one half is ,
-
al ready all otted : there ar e 1 8 ch acr a lots of 1 2 a cres an d 3 7 4 of eigh t ,

32 AGR I C ULTURAL C O L O NIE S .
a cres b esid es 2 3 6 garden lots of t w o acres each all th ese are fence d in
, ,
w ith w ood and w ire and have a ditc h The pri ce is 8 0 0 paper dollar s p e r
,
.
cua d1 a (3 0 5 per acre ) or th e rent $ 90 (1 5s ) per chacra lot of eight

.
,
.
a cres per annu m

,
The colony has a sch ool 3 6 azotea h ouses and 2 85 thatch e d ranchos 1; , ,
the pl antations co m prise 6 3 3 0 0 fru1 t t 1 ees There are 2 m ills , 6 dairies ,

-
,
,
3 m asons 3 carpenters 2 bl a ck sm it hs
, , u
The crop s for 1 8 6 4 w ere

Wheat , fan Peas 5 0 tons .
,
.
Barle y ,
do Beans 3 0 do .
,
.
Maize ,
do B utter 50 cw t .
,
.
Potatoes ,
8 6 8 ton s Cheese , 7 5 do .
Sw eet potatoes 1 7 do ,
E ggs doz .
,
.
The far m ing stock com prises— 7 50 co w s -

sheep 1 0 0 s w ine , , ,
horses hens ,
.
The p 1 a ct 1 e a l proof o f the su ccess of this colon y is given in a p ersonal

d etail of the prese nt condition of m an y of its m e m bers So m e of th s e
e .
poor b ut persevering p eople on their arrival had a little m one y , w hi ch

, ,
the y invested in co w s horses bullocks and fo w l F or the first y ear th ey

, , ,
.
,
l ived in m iserable m ud ranchos earning a subsistence by sellin g eggs an d ,
butter and o ften having n o m eat to eat but bisca ch a flesh The earlies t
,
.
c o m ers w ere Fren ch Sw is s ; b ut the

greater -
nu m ber of th ose w h o arri ve d
from 1 8 58 to 1 8 6 1 w e re Ge rm an Sw iss O ut of the list of those give n by
« -
.
S ne or Pi 1 t ero — to
‘
the n u m b er of 1 4 — w e sele ct a fe w exam ples
John Te uoud Fren ch Sw iss a far m er in h is native land of th e Rom a n

,
-
, ,
C atholic religion and 4 9 y ears of age on his arriva l h e re w ith eleven i n

, ,
fa m il y p ossesse s n ow a capit al of
,
paper dollars , t he greater p art .
of w hich is put to interest or l aid o ut in she ep .
Ja m es Cardine a ux F re nch Sw iss Rom a n Catholic far m er l n his ow n

,
-
, ,
countr y 3 0 y e ars of age on his a rrival w ith a fa m il y of six persons , has

, ,
n ow a cap ital of paper dollars placed at interest and investe d

,
i n sheep .
A m ongst the second l o t of eight fam ilies c am e Claudi oJa m er a Fren ch ,
m a n w h oh ad k ept a s m all w ine and fl our store in F 1 a n ce 4 5 y ears ol d

ll w orked by
, ,
o n his arriv al w ith one gro w n up son holds to da y am i

,
-
.
,
-
,
m ules in w hich he h as i n
,
vested paper dollars and 1 s Iinishin g th e ,
ere ction of a w in d m il l brought by him self during th e past y ear fro m

,
France This m ill cost

. pape 1 dollars ; he h as t w o plots o f far m
.
ground a house w ith one ro om of az otea roof an d t w o of stra w

,
He is ,
.
not in posses sion of m oney , but IS e ntirel y free fro m d e bt .

34 CO
m z u t oN or :a ,
cn a e o .
C H AP . V
C O L ONI ZA TI ON OF THE CHACO

‘
T H E Gran Chaco c om prises an i m m ense territor y for the m ost p art un e x ,
p l ore d ,
l y ing bet w een Para gua y ,
L a P l a t a b a n d Bol
= v
i ia The Arge ntin e .
R epublic clai m s all th a t part bound e d on the Nort h by the Rio Ve rm e j o a nd

;
o n the S W by the Salado co m prisin g a sup e rfi cie s of 2 50 0 0 0 squ are '

.
, ,
m iles . Th e soil and cli m ate are e qual to those o f the most fa vore d '
countries an d the natur al features are vast plains of luxu riant p asture
, ,
, ,
t h ick f ore st s of v ar ious useful ti m bers and n u m e rous r ivers a nd l a goon s

'
‘
w ith such facil ities for irrigatio n it w ould be eas y to raise a ny qu antit y bf
,
m aize , cotton tobacco , sugar cane and rice

,
-
In the beginni n g of the 1 8 th
,
.
“
centur y thanks to the efforts of the Jesuit m issionaries several flou rishin g
, ,
settlem ents w ere springing up ; w hose r uined re m ains are still seen ne ar
'
San Javier the Ve rm e j o and else w here but at present the i n terior of the
, ,
Chaco 1 s entirely abandoned to roving Ind ian s and beasts of pr e y Afte r .
the expulsion of the Jes uits (1 7 6 7 ) the I nd ians returned to a savage life .
a n d so late as 1 8 6 0 the Tobas tribe m urdere d so m e Italian F ran ciscan
m issionaries sent to convert the m O nly five s m all « redu ctions » of tam e
.
Indians still re m ain according to the report of Padre R ossi , prefe ct of

,
m issions ; viz .
Me n .
Santa R osa , 2 20
C ay ast a , 17 5
S an Javi er , 194
Sa n Pedro ,
13 2
S an Geroni m o , 20 0
. rnx va m ous m um s
'
T RI BES . 35
In F ebruary 1 8 6 3 the Argenti ne Govern m ent c o m m ission ed Mr P C

,
.
. . .»
Bli ss to m ake a jo ur ne y thro ugh the Chaco and t hi s ge ntle m a n r e port e d

.
-
_
,
fi ve Indian nations dist in ct i n l anguage but alik e in h abits an d ph y sica l

, ,
a p pe arance the Mocovis an d Abip on e s fre quent the frontiers o f Santi ag o

.
del E stero an d Sa nta F e w h ile the Tob as Ocol e s and Mata cos inh abit th e
, , , ,
v all eys of th e Ve rm e j o a nd Pilco m a y o T h e thre e la st tribe s are sa id to

.
nu m ber souls Th e Mat ac os are ve r y i ndustrious bein g the bes t

.
,
p eo n s on the frontier esta n cia s o f Salta and in the sugar fi e l ds o f Salta and ,
-
Juj u y During m uch of the y e ar the Indi an s live o n th e fr uit o f the

.
algarrob a and th e « y u chan » or p alo b oracho ; fish also supplies th e m -
w ith food . T he y have no agri cult ur e or far m ing i m ple m ents F or m e rl y .
m ost of the trib es had cattl e and she ep b ut the anim als see m t o h ave bee n ,
c arrie d off by a pestile nc e Th e Indi a n s s uffe r gre at m ortalit y fro m w an t

.
of clothin g and proper habitations : th e y ar e ver y superstitious hav e a ,
gr eat fear of the Gua l ich e (or evil spirit) and so m e c on fused ide a of a ,
future life Their bart e r trad e is ver y li m ited the y so m eti m es bring t o
.
t h e frontier settle m ents a fe w skin s o f p u m as jag uars foxe s otters &c

-
, , , ,
.
b ut th e y coll ect w ild hone y i n conside rable quantities as a lso ost rich ,
feathe rs and the r esin of « palo santo » The Mataco s an d O col e s co ul d -

.
easil y b e do m e sticat ed if the y w ere furni shed with fa r m ing i m ple m e nt s

, ,
se eds and a fe w head of cattle

,
.
In Ma y 1 8 6 4 an exp edition w as got up by Gov ern m ent t o Open up a ,
high w a y through the C haco fro m Corrientes to Santia g o del E stero t he

, ,
dis t a nce b e ing se t do w n at 1 2 0 to 1 4 0 leagues Sr Arce th e Ve rm e jo . .

,
navigator to ok a livel y intere st in the enterprise and General Ferr e

, ,
m a rked out th e road on a m ap P a ssing t hrough th e « obra ge s» or w ood

.
c utting establish m ents in th e Chac o opposite Corrientes c it y the ro ut e , ,
pl un ged into In di an te rritor y broke n by nu m erous w oods an d m arshes

, .
He re the w ant of w ater a n d provisions m ight constitute a gre ater diffi culty
t h a n a ny t o be fe a red fro m th e Indians So m e c aciques signe d a tre at y w ith
.
the Nationa l co m m issione r agree ing t o provide these n ec ess a ri es at v arious

,
'
p oint s al ong the rout e The chief profit to b e derive d fro m thi s n e w
.
high w a y w a s that a great export trad e of m ules a n d horses w oul d be

opene d for Corrientes w ith the Northern prov inc es The report of t he .
chic er co m m an di ng the exp e dition w as as follo w s :

« Bracho Viejo Ma y 2 2 , 1 86 4 ,
.
« Dear Si r ,
«B
y the date o f th is lett er y ou w ill p erceive that not w ithstandin g all
th e sufferin gs w e have experience d in this painf ul journe y across th e
Ch aco , I , a s w ell a s m y co m p anion , Do n A do lfo R e y es am arrive d s afel y at ,
11 2
36 C OL O NIZ AI ION r 0 1
' ‘ 1
TH E cn a e o .
our d estin ation th e w ay s and m e a ns w o uld for m a v er y lon g subject fora

.
l etter an d I cons equ en tl y r es erv e th e det ails unt il m y re t urn :

,
/ n
f an in ferio r desc r
“
fe w p rovision s th at w e ca r 1 ied w e re o iption
' '
'
,
and h ad an unfavourable in flu e nc e on our he alth but l ike true Ge rm iis

'
e ,
w e h av e alr e a dy forgotten o ur past sufferi ng s and laugh at th e m l n th e '

'
“
houses of th e en gi neers Messrs William H C ock an d Au gust e L e m el l e ,
. .
,
w h o hav e re ceived a s as if w e h ad b een old friends W e ar e n ow lodgi ng .
in th e h ouse o f th e Sa l ad o Navig ation Co m pan y Maj or M ar tin e z is

'
‘
v
.
r ather ill in the Bracho encam p m e nt w ith t h e Indian s w hoa ccom p am e d ,
us w hos e b ehaviour has been ver y h a d

,
.
« the 1 st of Ma y an Indian r an aw ay b ack to Corr ient es w ith on e of

0 11 , ,
th e horses O n the 1 7 th another Indian and a boyran aw ay stealing our

.
,
bee f and tw o of the b es t horses .
O n t he 1 4th th e C acique D achilique w ith his b roth er ran aw a y

'
« ,
, , ,
stealin g so me of o ur h orses and the onl y h at chet w e had w ith us W e .
lost our w ay d ur ing th e ni ght an d pass e d 3 5 hours w itho ut w at er Th e .
Cacique w as fa m iliar w ith t he localit y an d co uld h av e foun d w ate r b ut

.
,
“
s e eing that th e m aj ority of our horses w er e tired he separat ed fro m us .
,
,
,
to tak e th e horses to He is t h e sa m e w h o three y ear s

, , ,
back m urdered the Fran cis can friar at atar a and he co m m unicated
, ,
this fa ct to the Cacique L eoncito addi ng th at h e ac co m panied us m erel y , ,
t o le arn the state o f th e r o ads and cattle so that h e m ight be bette r ,
e nabled to carr y on his depr e dations against th e Provinc e of San tiago . .
Such are t he « trust w or thy agents » give n to us by General Ferr e .
« 0 11 th e 1 4 th of Ma at last w e ca m e to the River Sala do and established

y , , ,
ourselves in th e canton Tostada n ow ab andone d Here we found t h e

’ ‘
.
,
.
fi n e and w e l l con st ru cte d « az otea » houses erected by orders of our frien d ,
Dr Archer of w hich w e have taken a plan and s ketch to present to y ou

,
on our re t 11 rn
’
. .
The road that w e h ave trav elled over is 1 7 5 leagues and we ar e now
«
,
a w aiting i ns tru ctions and Horses fro m th e Governor of Santi ago The roa d .
c an be m ade t 1 a n s1 t abl e forcar go w ith v ery lit tl expens e

e
.
« I bel ieve that

i l l s tar t for S a ntiago on th e 2 6 th p as sing by
w e w , ,
Salavina and from then ce I w ill w i ite t urthe 1 I do not kno w y e t w hen 1
.
and how w e sh all r eturn to Cor1 1 e nt e s for this depends upon t he m easures
t ak e n by th e Gov r i nt of S nt iago
e hp e e .
«F
RA N CIS PANK O N I ,
« L ieut e
nant Co m m an ding » .
7 0 113 11 111 1 1311 0 5 5 3 1 11 1; 7
'
An intell ige n t In dian int erp r et er and t ravell er ha me d F el ip e Sa r avia ,

;
,
'
w h o had pr evious ly cr ossed th e C ha co m ade a jou r ne y in Jan uary 1 8 6 5

‘
'
, ,
w ith co m plete suc cess and his di ar y fr o m E squ in a Gr ande to Co rrientes

,
'
i s as follo w s
« J a nuar Q st L eft Col o n R ivadavia cros ed o h right b ank o f th e
'
y i y . s t t e ,
Ve rm e j o follo w in g t h e s t re am (thr e e lea g u es ) a s far as Se l ic an oz g oo d

,
- -
w ater cours e S E and E

, .
« 2 2 nd Start e d at su nr is e and r each e d Sant a R osa by noon (four l e a gue s)

.
,
c ourse E Pushed on (three leagu es ) to Ca nada An go sta cour se S E

‘
.
,
. .
,
roa ds g ood .
« 2 3 rd Dined at Po so E s con di do (fi ve l e ag ues ): go od w at er road

.
,
m iddling ; cour se E At o ne pa rt w e had t o h e w a passa g e of half a league

.
.
Adv a ncing three leagues before nightfall w e e nca m ped ne ar a large la ke

w hich I called Se lican o Mu erto : road ver y ba d co ur se S E ,
.
« 2 4t h Made four leag ue s to the lak e of Pas o Yu chan : th e route is

.
al m ost i m pas sabl e and w e had fre quently to c ut o ur w a y through w o ods

,
.
About m id w a y is P a lo Sa n t o w her e a po rt is proj ecte d on th e Rio Ve rm e j o ,

.
L eaving Pas o Yuc ha n w e cl ear ed a road th ro ugh three l e a gues of thicket

'
and on e and a hal f le agu es over le vel ground brought us to Ca m po Alegr e

-
here t here is a goo d w ell cou rs e E ,

‘
« 2 5t h R ea ched Poso Verde (five an d a half leagu es )by noon At first

.
-
.
th e road is good S E ; b ut w e h ad t w o and a half lea g ues E through

,
. .
- .
dense w oods and then turning ag a in S E c a m e on a fine lak e Be fore

‘
.
, . .
night w e pushe d on (three leagues ) to R ancheria S E the rout e b eing ,

. .
,
irnp assa bl e e ve n to o ur S ixty Indian s on foot until clea r ed by four m e n

'
w ith axes .
« 2 6 th St artin g at Six a m th e path w as still i m p en e trable and w ith

. .
,
great diffic ulty w e m ade t w o lea gu es to Pescado Fl ac o w h er e th e stea m er ,
Ve rm e j o gro un d e d las t y e a r and s e nt her ca rgo o n m ul e back to Salta ,

- .
I e m plo y ed th e Chinip is Indians to m ak e a w oo d Opening h ere giving th e m

’
-
,
both m one y and axes Cou rse E ther e are t w o lar ge la kes . . .
« 2 7 th Using our axes a ga in w e made th ree l e a gue s t o Bobadal E Tw o

.
’
,
.
leagues m ore throug h th e w oods to Yucha ne s E w her e there i s ,

.
,
a fin e lake .
« 2 8t h At noonto Cod il l a r w hich is three and a hal f le a g ues ; at first no

.
,
-
road after w ards leve l cam p a nd a lake ; route E Tw o leagues furt h er to

.
,
.
Paso Que bra ha cho over level groun d w ith w ater E , , ,

.
« 2 9 th To Punta Monte t w o leagues lev el ca m p S E : here there is a

.
, ,
. .
w ell . To Ca nada Larga one l ea gue S ,with w ater T o t h e well calle d ,

. .
After this h alf a l ea gu e of thick

'
Pe l a co thre e qua r t ers o f a lea gue E

'
- -
.
, ,
38
.
,
e oL om z xr rom e r
r 1
-
1 11 1: em c o .
w oods and thre e q uarters of 1e ve l ca m p to Tunal SL 1 In the

’
-
. .
,
evening w e m ade three lea g ues

. g ood road t o L a guna
’
« 3 0 th Tw o l eagues E a nd S E to Pa 5 0 Toba s, open ground

. . Th ree . . . .
« « .
leagues m ore sa m e road to L aguna Verde S E , , ,

. .
« 3 1 5t To Tres Posi tos four le agues S E first half of th e w ay th rough

.
,
. .
,
thi ckets after w ards op en ca m p At three p m started for Represa t w o

, . . .
,
a nd a half lea gues good r e ad S E

-
, ,
. .
« Februar
y l st A fter one a nd a ha lf leagues of goo d roa d w e had to
‘ ’
-
.
,
use our axes for t w o leagues before reaching Binalar S E F ollo w ing thi s , ,
. .
route w e rea ched Totoral the road being for one and a half leagues good ,
-
,
a nd th e rest ver y di fficult S E ,

. .
« 2 nd to Agua Hedionda , w he re t he re is a
'
Six leagues of good re a d E

;
,
.
,
fi n e lake and w e passed the night

, .
«3 1 d Five leagues go od road S , a nd th en N E to Gateado lak e : thence

.
,
. . .
to Pa so Z ancu do , four and a half leag ues E , and then S , over l evel -
,
. .
g round : m uch w at er .
« 4t h Taking S E four leagues good re a d t o the lake of Algarrob al

. . . .
S a m e r oute t h ree leagues a nd a half to Pal m a Ach e a da an d the lagoon s

,
- .
« 5t h To Acheral four and a half leagues clear w ay at fi rst S E and

.
- . .
, , ,
then E We passed the night at Potrero fi ve lea gues further S E , good

.
, ,
. .
re a d a nd w ate r
, .
« 6t h Sta rted at six a m and t ook siesta at Tres Pal m itas six lea gue s
. . .
,
SE . . var y ing to E Here there is no w ater By sundo w n reache d

, . . .
Perdido t w o leagues S E , . .
« 7 th Rea ched Montes Grandes by noon : five lea gues good re a d S E

.
,
, ,
.
m uch w ater p ushed on to Siete Arboles three and a half lea gues sa m e route
, ,
- .
Made fi ve and a half leagues to Arro y o Co rtaderas E good re a d

' '
« 8 th -
. ,
,
.
, ,
w ith water Five leagues m ore to Bajo Grande

.
,
.
« 9t h Started a t se ve n a m and reached the bank of t h e Paran a in fron t

. .
,
of Corrientes at noon After siesta cross ed the river to the cit y w hich i s
'
.
, .
,
fo ur leagues fro m Bajo Grande » .
The journey oc cupied t w enty da y s averaging seven lea gues p e r day ; o f ,
th e total hundred a nd fort y leagues t w ent y seven are i m passable even to ,

-
the Indians on foot w h o ha ve to c ut a passage a s w e have seen with axes

, , ,
.
The longest interval w i thout w ater is Six l e a gue s but it is not clear that
‘ ’
.
,
the lagoons bearing the na m es of « Stinking Wa t ér» and « Green W ell » -

'
are fit for drinking purposes .
At th e sa m e ti m e the ill fated brothers Barron (for m erl y o f Waterford , -
Ireland )got up a n exped ition to t raverse th e Chac o from Goy a to S antiago ,
e nl isti ng for the p urpose so m e Ind i an auxiliaries , but o w ing to the outbreak
1 11 1: H L VE T IA C O L O NY
E . 39
of t he Paraguay an w arth e ente rpris e w a s aba ndoned (The Barre ns under

t ook a second exp e ditio n fro m Men do z a to C hile in w hich the y w e re ,
c a rried off by a sa vage tribe of India ns but shortl y a fter w ards effect ed ,
t heir esc a pe Finall y t he y w ere m urdered in Sa n J u

. a n on a thi rd m ul e
expedition in , Since 1 86 5 no S i m ilar expe dition has be e n m a de b ut ,
t h e roa d in q uestion is one of vital n ec essit y and w ill probabl y be the firs t ,
care of Gov ern m ent on the conclusion of the w a r The ab ove n am ed Sr

'
. .
Are a at the request of President Derqu i m ade an att e m pt to cross th e

, ,
Chac o in 1 8 6 0 : his m e n (sixt y peons )w ere not prep ared for th e h ardship s
of the j o urne y a nd after three da y s fl oundering through m orasses th e y
,
’
m utinied ; j ust then a band of Indians fell on the m r obb ing th e convo y , ,
a n d m urdering a friar an d six o thers Sor Arc e m irac ulously es ca p ed by

. .
floatin g do w n the Ve rm e j o on the b ranch of a tree .
HEL V E T IA C O L O NY .
This c olon y w a s fo unded i n O ctober 1 8 6 4 by D r Bom a ng (for m erl y , ,

.
ph y sic ian to the E spera nz a Colon y ) w h o obta ined fro m the Santa F é ,
Go ver nm ent a grant of four squ are lea gues on condition of establ ishing ,
1 2 5 fa m ilies thereon It 1 3 situat e N N E fro m the Ca lch ines on the Rive r

. . . .
,
C a y e st a about a lea gue b e y ond the India n v il l a ge of Ca y e st a

,
Th e fi rst .
s ettlers w ere t w ent y four fa m ilies fro m E s p era nz a a nd others fro m V i

- ll a ,
Urqu iz a w h o pre ferred th is pla ce on account of its exce llent soil a nd

p
s ituation the farm i

,
ng lot s being sold ver y ch ea p The avera ge price is .
’
1 0 0 Bol ivian dollars ster l ing )per lot of 8 5 a cres Dr Rom a n g s . .
house is in th e centre of th e spo t m arked out for th e fut ure to w n and po rt

o f th e c olon y : the p ort i s good a nd prote cted by a pictures qu e and w o oded
.
'
island fro m t h e south w ind Th e rive r Sa n Ja vier is about 3 0 0 y ards w ide

.
,
a nd s chooners fro m B uenos A y re s co m e up t o the c olon y Th e road hen c e .
to Calchines is m ostl y through s w a m ps a nd thickets w ith open ca m ps a t ,
intervals : th e pa st ure is ver y poo r unless near th e colon y w here there i s ,
a fine black vegetable e arth Mr Perkins w rites of the loca l it y a s

. .
foll ow s
« A littl e over a
y ear a go I travelled a ll over that se ction of th e c ountr y ,
a n d found it w ithout exaggeration th e finest plac e for fa r m ing and cattl e

, ,
r ear ing purpo ses I h ave seen in th is c ountr y

_
The gro und or soil 1 3 blac k .
a n d sa nd y a nd the gra ss hard ; b ut not near so hard a s south of the river

,
Sala do .I t hink for sheep it w o uld not do so w ell in th e b egi nnin g ; b ut I

'
’
fanc y that gram il la w ould m ake its appearance sooner than near E sp eranz a ,
‘
S a n Je ronim o, Sa n Carlos , &c .

40 conom z a r ron 0 1
1
T HE 0 111 1 0 0 .
’
«Ro m ang S grant is situated on the i m m ediate b a nk s of the n vigab l e a
branch of th e Rio Paran a called by the co untr y folks E l arro y o del pueblo
,
v iejo : by pueblo viejo the y understand an Indian v illag e Cay e st a at a

‘ ’
, ,
distan ce of about t w ent y fi ve l ea gu es fro m the cit y o f Sa nta F e There I

-
.
h av e Seen th e ruins of a ch u rch a nd a nu m b er of h ouses— all seem ed to

have b een built o f tapia or adobe : re m ains of bricks and b aldosas could b e
seen m var ious par ts The for m er ground of the chu 1 ch is now used by
.
som e of the b a ptiz ed Indians as a bur y ing ground : the y put pie ces of w ood
a n d branches of trees on the to mbs Most o f the m have chacras (fen ced in ) .
and gro w corn w ater m elons p u m p kins and m ani

, , ,
.
« The w o m en are industrious th e y spin dy e w eave se w and st it ch.

, , ,
tole rabl y w ell the y rear catt le hav e first rate m ilch co w s but m ak e
, ,
-
,
n either butter nor cheese onl

‘
y using m ilk a s a beverage Their
,
clothing .
is of the m ost pri m itive nat ure The land w ould be capit al for gro w in g.
c otton and tobacco The m ilch co w s w oul d be ver y sa fe and do first rat e
.
-
on the fine isl a nd opposite the shore :
« Dr R o m ang has the land divid e d into lots of fiv e and t w ent cu a dra s
.
y ,
ea ch 1 50 y ards square a nd he s ells such lots l n th e i m m ediate neighb or

,
h ood of th e river for 1 0 0 Bolivian do l lars a littl e further off for sixt y , and ,
those l ots sit ua t e d t w o m iles fro m th e river for fift y

l
.
« I forgot to m ention that w i thin a l e a ue of sa id l and there a re b eautiful

g ‘
forests of a great variet y o f t 1 ees The fort y fa m ilies w h o acco m pan y Dr . .
R o m ang are all know n to m e ; the y ar e ol d settlers of E speranz a and h av e ,
th e routine of the exportation of ti m b er & c w hich 1 8 the principal reason , ,

.
,
I t hink of their re m oving farthe 1 north The y all handle th e rifle w ell
, .
,
a nd are not afraid of the I nd ians » .
The si tuation is m ost pi cturesque on the b anks of the Sa n Javier , w hich ,
h a s fring e s of fine ti m ber and so m e fertile isl ands The co lony c ounts 40
,
.
fa m ilies , w h i ch co m prise 1 6 7 individuals and 1 0 0 m or e fam ilies are read y ,
t o co m e out fro m Sw itz erland as soon as th e w a r i s over So m e of the .
l ands are good others need drainage , but have excellent ti m b er The ‘
.
,
ch ief products are m aize , w heat an d potatoe s R aising pigs prom ises t o ,
.
'
b e a lucrative business as the ani m a l s are fa ttened on m aize , and the ha m s

,
s ell at l 8 d per 3 Ca y a sta is an Indian villa ge co m prising th irt y hut s a

. .
, ,
h ous e bel onging to a Spanish w ood cutter and the residen ce of th e ca ci que , -
,
To m a s Valdez It stands on a bluff near t he Sa n Jav ier w ith a z one of

.
,
open cam ps ; but th e h orizon IS bounde d on all Sides w ith a dark fringe of
,
w ood All th ese la nds a s far as Saladi llo Dulce are ver y suitable for
.
, ,
colonists with e asy co m m u ni cation w ith the river Parana The I n

i
,
d ans .
o f Ca y asta are indolent , thi evish , and fond of hunting a nd fish ing the m e n .
42 conom z a r ron or 1 11 1;
1 1
cna co .
Th e road from Sant a F é to Sa n J ose is rather bad and heavy on ac coun t

« , .
f
o f z the « ba nados » w hich m ust be pass ed and is also int e rce p te d by t h e .
,
m outh of the Lag una Gran de w hi ch m ust b e cro ss ed in a canoe and t h e ,
h orses S w i m m in g .
« Fro m Sa n José le a ds a road to the village Santa Rosa or L as Ca l ch ina s, ,
s ituated on t h e bank s of the r iver Ca y e st a w hich is a prol ongation of th e

'
Col a stin e ; this road is also ver y tiresom e for horses p assing through lon g ,
tracts of « ba nados » and thro ugh h eav y sands and is l ike w ise inter cepte d
, ,
by a bran ch of the Paran a w hi ch m ust be cross ed in a canoe ,

This branch .
,
o r channel leads a h uge quant it y of Paran a w ater into th e L aguna Grande
o n its north —
,
eastern b oundar ies The distan ce fro m one v illage to th e .
o ther is seven lea gues .
« The productions o f L as Ca l china s are —w heat and Indian corn ,
w hich are exported to Buenos A y res The port is ve r y good and I saw t w o .
,
v essels and variou s chalanes loading “ There are about 6 0 0 inhabit ants in
‘ ’
.
.
this v illage and a fi ne t w o steepled chur ch of good m aterials , recentl y

,
-
,
constru cted by order of the National Govern m ent : there are three or four
‘
m erchants the principal one m

y fello w traveller Don Francisc o Cardona
- .
, ,
« L as Ca l ch i n a s w a s originall a settle m ent of Indians b ut their nu m ber

y ;
is n ow ver y li m ited
‘
« O n t h e 1 1 th at 1 p m I left the Cal ch ina s, in co m pany w ith m y peon

,
. .
,
’
a nd th e corregidor José R ojas At dusk w e arriv ed at the n e w colon y ,
,
.
Hel vetia I spent the night at the h ous e of Dr R om an g

. . .
« O n the 1 2 t h of August at 7 a n1 w e start ed for San Javier ,

afte r . .
, ,
h aving t aken the indispen sab l e m ate and p urchased s om e provisions for th e
j ourne y Aft e r i a leisure gallop w e entered a forest w hi ch h a s t w o or
'
.
,
three leagues depth o n the river Cay asta a n d e x t e n ds land w ards for ,
‘
, ,
s everal leagues The rest of the road is open c amp Sc attered w ith gro up s
.
.
,
o f trees l n so m e parts the ground is l ow and Sw am p y in others a little

‘
.
, ,
high and dry In so m e parts the river Sa n Javier touches th e te rm firm er;
.
’
in others it retires thus for m ing s m all isl ands and b a nados
,
.
« The distanc e fro m the colon of H elvetia to Sa n Javier is co m puted by

y
s o m e at fi fteen and by others at eig hteen leag u
,
es Half w a y there is a .
-
b eautiful spot on t he b anks of the ri ver ; it i s called El Pa so del A guara , '
and belongs Genaro Elias as also another place a little furth e r t o

‘
1
t he north called L a Est a n e ia Grande

,
A little to th e south at L a s . .
,
Algarrob as i s the propert y o f Don Dan iel Go w land

,
Both of the s e .
g entle m en are resident in B uenos A y res .
“
« At half p ast four
-
pm we arrived at the v illag e of Sa n

. Javier » .
LA ND G RA T
N S or 17 0 11 11 TH O U SAND AC RE S .
43
Messrs Wilken Ver net end eavored to fo rm a co m p an y in E ngland b ut

.
,
failed ; the conce ssion is now void

In Jul y 1 86 6 publi c attention w as notabl y directed to thi spart of the
,
G ran Cha co as a field for e m igration A Fren ch colon y w a s proj ected at .
Paj aro Blanco a Dutch colon y n e ar Wilken 5 grant a Cal ifo rn ian colony o n
,
’
,
the Sa n Javier a Bas que c olon y har d by an d another at Sa n Antoni o on

, ,
the Rio Salado Governor O ro no passed a bil l through the Cha m bers giving
.
estancia lots of 4 0 0 0 acres each at a no m inal pric e the l aw being a s

, ,
follo w s
Art 1 The lands b ordering o n the ri ver Para n a bet w een the concessions
. .
of Mr Charles Vernet and Sr Navarro extending b ack w est w ar d to the

. .
,
Saladillo Grande are hereb y g iven in perpetuit y for th e use and benefit of
,
1 m m 1 gra nt fa m ilies .
Ar t 2 Th e Govern m ent w il l dra w up a m a p of the territor y m arkin g

. .
,
sites for to w ns each of w hich Shall have an are a o f four leag ues s quar e
,
for streets b uildings and a general graz ing co m m on

,
-
.
Art 3 E ach to w nship shall be divided into building lots of 50 y ard s

. .
-
frontage by the sa m e depth and cha cr as of 2 0 cuadra s e ach (8 0 acres ) t he ,
buildin g lots to be given gratis as also the chacr as at the rate of four ,
cuadras for each person .
Art 4 The rest of the territ or y S hall be distributed as e st an cia s o f

. .
y ard s fronta g e b y th e sa m e depth acres ) or square ,
ards to be s old on a ear s cre dit to native s or fore igners w h o settle

y
’
, y
thereon b ut not m ore than t w o estan cias can b e sold to the sa m e individu al
,
.
Art 5 The pri ce of these lands Sh all be set do w n on th e m a p accordin g t o

. .
,
th eir d istan ce from the ri ver the nature of th eir pastures w ater su p pl y , ,
-
,
w ood &c a s fixed by Gov ern m ent tari ff w hich shall n ever b e under $ 3 0 0
,
.
per S quare league nor over $ 40 0 ,

.
Art 6 All sales grants or Concessions w ill require the indispen sabl e
. .
, ,
condition o f se t tling on th e gro und a ccording to the existing l a w ,
Art 7 : The proceeds of lands sold a s in Art 4 sh al l be devoted t o p ay in g

. .
th e passage of for eign e m igrant fam ilie s fro m Buenos A y r es t o their

.
intended pla ce of settle m ent in th e territor y ab ov e described .
Art 8 The expenses of passage for said fam ilies sh all be considere d a s
.
a loan for w hich the h ead of the fam il y m ust be respon sible , and it shall
,
b e as a m ortgage on the lands ceded or sold to the fa m ily .
Art 9 All m oney s ad vance d in thi s m anner to each fa m il v for cost o f

. .
p assa ge S hall be refunded by the colon ists beginning the 2 ud y ear after ,
s ettling m a fifth part each y ear w ithout a ny charge for 1 nt e re st

, ,
Art 1 0 The m one y s r efunded as above by the colonists shall for m an

. . .
44 C O L O NI Z A T I O N or r un C HA GO . .
«I m m igration F und » the annual interest o f w h ich Sh all be exclusivel y

,
d evoted to th e educat ion of the c olonists c hildren publi c w orks , an d other

’ ‘
,
p urposes tending to encourage i m m igr at ion .
Art 1 1 The settlers Shall beexe m pt fro m all Provi ncial tax or im post
. .
d uring fi ve y ears after their establish m ent .
Art 1 2 Native fa m ilies of this or a ny other Ar gen tin e Provin ce w hd

. .
,
m a y w ish to settle in the Colonies or in their n ei ghbourhood shall enj o y

,
the sam e pri vileges as are hereb y con ceded t o foreign settlers .
Art 1 3 The G overn m en t w ill p ublish at expens e o f the State a p a m phle t

. .
co m pri sing the p resent l a w w ith a des cription and m a p (i

, f the t err itor y
herein devoted to i m m igratio n purpose s .
Art 1 4 The Govern m ent is obliged to report each y ear to the

. .
Legislature on the results o f the present l a w w ith a b alance sheet of -
re ceipts an d expenditure .
The only colonists w ho ava iled the m selves of this advantageous offer of
l ands w ere the settlers fro m California w h o have s inc e es tablished a ,
fl ourishi n g colon y Meanti m e the Se cretary of the E m igration C o m m ittee

.
a t Rosario publ ished a noti ce as follo w s

“
« Mr O ro no has authorised m e to state that the conve y an ce of all persons
.
desirous o f settling in the Chaco w ill be furni shed gratis an d orders w ill ,
b e trans m itted to th e agents of Mr C abal s s t e a m e r the Prov eedor to giv e

.
’
, ,
free passages t o such p ersons fro m Buenos A y res to Santa F é fro m w hich point ,
the Govern m ent w ill furnish transportation by land up th e coast At Paj aro .
Blan co the G overn m ent ha s a reserve of S ixteen l eagues to be distributed

,
grati s in far m s of eight y fi ve acres , to settlers

,
-
All these I h ave e xplored , . 1
and 1 give m y w ord that no finer exist i n the Republic The vegetabl e soil .
is fro m t w o to four feet in depth and there is plent y of w ood ; w hile th e

,
l ow lands in front through w h ich the Sa n Javier r uns offer th e m ost

, ,
a dm irable pasture lands for cat tle and the rearing of hogs T w elve .
leagues above the fl ourishing colony o f E s p e ranz a on th e Salado R iver , is ,
the site of the proje cted colon y of San Antonio w her e s ettle rs can get ,
'
grants gratis o f and 50 0 acres a ccordi ng to the ir ,
p riorit y of arrival This place

. is as y e t outside t h e frontier ) an d
’
cannot b e settled on except by a considerable nu m ber of p eople say a ,

1
h undred to a hundred and fift y fo r protec tion a gainst the Indian s

,
The .
Chaco w ill give the ne w colonists all the m eat the y w ant Th ere is a great .
abundance of deer large and s m all ca rp inchos ar m adillos ; d uck s ge e se

, , , ,
1
1
p artridges m oor fo w l fish

,
beside s a sprinkling of t iger s, w ol ves ,
, ,
foxes , w ild hogs , an d v ast quantities of the A m erican ostrich » .

1
C AL II
‘
- ORK IAN S E TT L ER S A T SAN J AVIER . 45
TH E CAL IF O R N IA N COLO N Y .
In the last w eek of Ma y 1 8 6 6 a num ber of C al ifornia n far m ers w ho had

, ,
co m e to settl e in th e A r gent ine R epub lic acco m pa nie d Mr Perkins O f ,

.
Rosario in an explor in g expe dition to that p art of the Gran Cha co l yin g
'
b et w een El Re y and Sa n Javier on the banks of the P ar an a : th e river R e y

,
is in 2 9 1a t S The ex p edit ion w a s c o m posed Of th e foll o w ing p erson s

.
,
.
and m at erial — Messrs W il liam Perkins leader J Ag uirre surve y or ; , ,

.
,
Al exander McL e an Ja m e S B Lo cket W il lia m J Bioore Z ina Port Fran c i s

,
.
,
.
, ,
Bin it z Josiah Reeves John Sm i th Harlo w Willia m H M oo re Mo ses J

, , , , .
, .
Moore Charles W B urton Al bert Widl e r M J E ngl ish Charles Ste w art
'
. . .
, , , , ,
Charles H ildre th E d w a rd Washbur n Jo hn Pe nington ; four peon s belong

,
.
ing to the Sur ve y ing Depa rt m ent one ca pataz a nd t w o m e n for th e ,

‘
ca rts of w hich t here w ere t w o one e x c a rt an d an other dra w n by horses

, ,
-
, .
In Sa n J av ier a num ber of Indians w a s added to the part y .
‘
T he y w ere s ix w e e ks explor in g the Cha co up and do w n a nd the land ,
proved e qual to the ir be st anti cipations except near the c o ast l in e of th e ,

-
P ar an a w here the s w a m ps ex tended fro m t w o to Six lea gu e s inl an d The y

,
.
crossed the River Re y ven t uring i nto th e terri t or y of th e w arlike Tobas

, ,
a nd here the y foun d the lan d even to sur p a s s w hat the y ha d seen so ut h of
E l Re y O n their return to Sa n t a F e the y re solved t o establish their fi rst
.
s ettle m ent a l eague north w ar d O f Sa n J avier , in a fin e t ract O f l an d w hic h

the y therefore b ought of th e Go vern m ent The y als o applied fo r 4 0 .
leagues O f territory ab out 1 3 lea gues furth er no rth a nd 4 5 lea gu e s fro m

, ,
S anta F é c it y intending to have th is in readin ess w hen their frien ds fr o m

,
California S houl d arri ve in large n u m bers The to t al p ur chase m oney .

-
am ounted to silver do l l ars equal to t w o an d a half pence per acre ,

-
.
So m e Of the settlers w ere m e n Of large m eans one h avi n g as m uch as ,
sterl ing .
In the beginnin g Of August t he y start e d for the ir n ew ho m e i n the

hunting grou nds Of the Moco vie s the c aravan com pri sing 3 0 m e n w om en
-
, , ,
and children , w ith S ix loaded w a g gons hors es oxen and b a ggage the agri , , ,
cul tu ral im ple m ents m ach ines and pro visions w ere S ent u p by w ater in
, , , ,
t w o s ch ooners Thr e e m on th s l ater , Mr Hil dre th , one Of the colonists ,

. .
w rites as follo w s
« We have finall
y settled say half co m fortable as fa r a shouses and the ir
, ,
appurtenan ce s go j u s t one league fro m the fort O f Sa n Javier

1
,
The colon y .
a t present c onsist s of thir ty so u l s m e n w om en and chil dren Th e land ,

.
, ,
under culti vat ion and w hich w as the labor O f s ix m e n for S ix w eeks is on e
, ,
h undr e d and fift y ac re s , p l ant e d w ith Indi an corn and every v ar iety of
46 , C O L O NI Z A T I O N O F T HE CH A C O '
.
1
v egetables — all of hich m e doing splendidly for ne w l y broken gro und

w .
The a m ou nt of sto ck c attle and horses n ow on h a n d is about 1 2 5 head

, , , ,
an d good m ilk and fine b utter are as p lentiful h ere as m ate and ca na belo w .
O ur water facilities are as fine as a ny I have s een in the CO n fe de r ac

y
h aving a branch of the Sa n Javi er in fro n t and the Sal ad illo Dul ce at the ,
b a ck The c aptain co m m andant at the fort assures u s that a Se ca is never

.
‘ ’
k no w n here and certainl y h is w ords have b een verified since our arrival
, ,
for it has rained in cessantl y All the colo nists are m uch plea sed w ith the
.
l an d an d its lo cal ity If a n y O f y our friends are desirous of visiting us

.
,
advise the m to bring rifle s and Shot guns as ga m e is ver y plentiful a nd -

, ,
t w o or three w eek s can be deligh tf ully passed hereabouts hu nting

'
D ay .
b efore y esterda y I m e t three or four Of the ta m e Indians with thirt y seven ,

-
large red deer Skins one tiger and several fox Skins a nd w hich the y
, , ,
assured m e had b een killed near here and w ere t he w O rk o f three da s

y ,
o nly O striches and th e ir eggs are pl e ntiful and the l atte r serve as an
.
,
ex cellent sub stitute for h en fruit ’

L ast Sunday m ornin g at daylight
.
t w o O f us started for a hunt and l e SS tha n t w o m iles fro m the ho us e w e

'
,
“
brought do w n a fin e deer an d sa w five others ; but the little S ongsters
,
called m osquitos and the heat Of the m orning ind uc ed us t o give up th e

’
chase returning ho m e a fter t w o ho urs absen ce w i th our venison w hi ch w a s

, , ,
'
the fatt est I h av e seen in this count ry Th e I ndians Of who m w e had suéh
'
.
,
l
'
b ad ac cou nts b efore our expeditio n to the R e yf h ave n Ot y e t m ad e their ‘
app earan ce b ut w e hav e al w a y s re ad y at hand l ea de d and capped a good

1
, ,
suppl y o f m iles guns m usk ets an d re volvers and as sev eral Of our
” '
, , , ,
c olo nists have been Ol d N or th A m eri c an Indian h unters th e sav ages m ay

‘
exp ect a w ar m reception if the y co m e w it h evil int entio ns As y e t not a .
single ani m al has b een l OSt or stolen ; and they a re allo wed t Oroa m at w ill
all day b e in g seldo m seen fro m the ti m e the y leave the corral n t h e
,
TOO m uch praise cannot be given to

i '
m ornin g until the y return at night .
the captain co m m a ndant of th e fort at Sa n Javier for he has extended to us ,
all the civilitie s possible to m ak e us co m fortable and happ y

A gentle m an w h o visited the col on y only s ix w eeks after it s e sta blish »
m ent describes it as follo w s

« After s o m e four lea gues ridi ng
, w e arri v
ed at the ford of a larg e
navigable river w hi ch e m pties itself into the Paran a opposite Ernan da ria 1
u pon its ba nks nothing c an exce ed the richness Of it s pasture s Then the .
Old w orks of the Jesuits Open upon us and w e enter the fort or tow n Of ,
San Javier f ull Of the largest orange trees I ever beheld and of In dian huts ;
, ,
the old chapel an d w alls of extraordinar y bricks m ade by the Jesuits

, , ,
r ivet o ur attention The n e w house and church , the w or k of o ur host the

.
T1 111
"
ca m r oa x m C O L O NY . 47
C ura ar e the largest e difi ces in the t o w n and , a lthough y e t in w i nter I

, , ,
n ever b eheld vegetatio n m ore l uxuri a nt .
« Th e C ura w h o undoubtedl
, y rules supre m e in Sa n Javier has built a fin e ,
ch a pel ; it is long broad sufiicie n t l

y high w ith an i ro n r oof and m ost
'
, , , ,
c o m m odious ; it ha s t w o be ll s a sa crist y and the house and garden of the , ,
C ura joi ns it ; it is the w ork of his ow n hands save the occa sional help h e ,
coul d get fro m th e Indians : Earl y on Sunda y m orn in g w e attende d his
chapel— surpri sed at t he l arge co n gregation present A fter breakfas t w e .
pro ceeded to the Ca lifornian Colon y — abo ut a league north of Sa n Javier ;

h ow great the contras t appeare d bet w e en the Indian t o w n a nd the Chr istian
settle m ent w here e very i m pl e m ent of agriculture e very A m eri can luven
, ,
tion t o aid the colonists oven s o f all classes cul i nar y a n d household
, ,
fur niture beside s large tracts of land plough ed to perfection l ay b efore us !

, ,
We alighted at M r M Lea n S enca m p m ent w ho w a s m ost co m m un icative t o

.
‘ ’
; h e told us h e ha d travelled for the last th i rteen m onths — since his

a rrival overland fr Om California —t h rough B uenos Ay res a nd the other
provinces in search of tillage land an d that only 1 n the Cha co co uld he find -
,
it to satisfaction We pro ceeded w ith h im to the other br anch of th e

.
colon y —l about a m ile dist a nt w here w e w ere agreeabl y surprised at fi -
“
m eeting sever al l a die s ,besides Mr and Mrs Moore w ith a gro w n up fa m il y . .
o f eight in nu m ber one of h is sons h ad j ust Shot a re d deer and a n um be r

,
o f ducks b ut the i ,r sta ple c o m m odit y is flo ur of w hi ch t he y have a la rg e ,
suppl y an d their pr ovisions bread b eans rice co ffee tea a n d sugar for
, , , , , , , ,
Sav e the h orses w orking oxen an d an odd in il ch cow , the y have n o other
, ,
ani m als .
(iHouse S are goin g up : the colon y w h ich consists of m e n of ever y trad e , ,

'
a re m ost enthusi a stic deter m ined to hold the ir po sition an d h ave solicite d
, ,
G overn m ent for a further grant of t w enty leagues The rifles of the colony .
,
"
in qu antit y and qual it y are be y ond m y des c ription ,
We m e t the Co m an .
dante of Sa n Jav ier Don Anton io Alsogara y w ho has l arge fi elds of w heat
, ,
m aize an d alfalfa : his services to th e colon y a re innu m erable

,
We w ere .
also w a ited on by Custodio the caci que w ho expressed his pleasure at our
‘
, ,
arrival regretted that m ost of h is In di an s w ere on a hunting ex p edition

, ,
t h at if w e ca m e to trade until their return w e shoul d find al m ost noth in g

, ,
a s ever y Skin had been pur cha sed b the thr ee tra ders or store keepers o f
y
-
t he to w n—D en Benj amin E s cudero a n E nt re Rian o ; D O11 Beltran Duran , ,
a Frenchm an ; and D 0 11 L ucas Caballo a Sp aniard the Ta tt e rsa l of San , ,
J av ier » .
'
Fray Em itivio the cura is an I t alian , abo ut 3 5 y ears of a ge , very zealo u s

, , ,
in his c allin g a n d disinterested .

48 C OL OM ZAT ION 1 0 1 11 1 1 : Gu ano
1
11 1 .
g A w r iter in th e Tie m p o of Sant a F é sayS « No le ss than on e h un dme d ,

'
-
ears a go under the gentle s a f h e suits these ver plains er

'
y , w y o t e J y w e ,
,
.
avi g ith a ze 1 d ,cotton an k ed b 3 a large q uin a

m fl t ;w ell
’
w n w i corn a 1 , y : , ,
toc k ed w ith fruit trees a n dy e ge t abl e s ; gbe side s troops of c a rts th e J e s uit s
s . ,
had a fl eet of s m all river craft to conve y the ir produce to this m arket a hd ,
these vessels w ere m ade in their ow n dock y ard and by their ow n ship .
w rights and blacks m i ths In 1 76 7 the m issio n ha d , head of h orne d

,
c attle Sheep 3 0 0 0 horse s and m ares and 3 8 0 m ules »

, , , , .
of t he colony could not be tt e r be des crib ed than in the

'
Th e p rogre ss
anne xed letters , da te d Jan uar y 1 86 7 ,
« Since we
have been here w e a re dom g wel l ; our crop s are excellent al l ,
,
except our earl y corn that w a s so w n in a hurr y and the l and onl y plough ed
,
o n c e The re gular crop put in w ith greater care is doing ver y w ell I
.
, ,
.
h ave a fine ga rden fro m w hich I have jus t pi cked a squash fro m C alifornian
,
s eed th at m easures S ixt y t w o inches in circu m fer en ce and I have as fine

-
w ater m el ons cucu m bers to m at oes and other g arden stuf f as y ou w ould
-
, , ,
lik e to see I have thirt y head Of cattle — co w s and oxen

. We ha ve .
planted 1 50 acre s o f corn an d hav e done so m e ploughing for next s ea son ,

,
w hich is not bad considering w e had S u ch a late start The Indians h av e

,
.
not troubled u s at all 1 11 fact we have not seen one y e t Th e ta m e Indian s

,
.
o f San Javier h ave not m eddled w ith u s either ; if the y w ere to do so w e
w ould take th eir w hole to w n The high w ater did not bec o m e v isibl e .
t o us It w o uld re qu ire a further rise of seven feet to over flo w the bot tp m
.
lands There is excelle nt fee d for the cattle all over these lands The
. .
o ffi cers fro m the Sa nta F é Govern m ent gave us a visit ; th e ca m e up t o

y
e stablish a n e w li
ne of forts They w ere ver y w e l l pleased w ith, our .
crop What w e w ant here are our ow n cou ntr y seeds , and Am eri can s
.
t o put the m in the grou nd I have S ix ro w s of cot t on gro w ing and it is

,
.
,
a s pro m ising as a ny I ever sa w in m life 1 n t he Southern St ates I pl a nt e d

y .
the seeds at di fferent epochs so as to as c ertain the best d at e for

‘
planti n g In a fe w day s it w ill be l n full bloom —A M CL EA N

, .
. . . .
Mr Moore w r it e s :
. M y self a nd t w o sons, have planted fort y acres of
,
c orn , and ab out ten in gerd en s tuff a nd ever y thin g l ook s m agnifi ce nt My ,
.
w ater m elons are as fine a a n y L e y e r sa w and m y pu m pkins ; o l y ; hal f

s n
x
~
g ro w n w eigh fro m 2
,
5 l b s T h e corn , al t hough re ce ivin g n o culti .
v ation is ver y Iine E ver y thi ng is 111 a

,
so thr i
. t
f y th a t I a m thoroughl y ,
c onvin ced that I can raise as good crop s here as in a ny part of th e w orl d .
Our seeds have run out , b ut a s soonas l can ge t a supply from hom e al l
-
,
-
'
w ill be w ell » .
50 5 C O L O NI ZA T I O N OF T HE C HAC O
‘
thro w n in For if a ny n e w co m er should be t oo poor to buy h e w oul d

. .
,
have land given him to his satisfa ction What is m ost w anted n ow is .
.
,
s ettlers ; A meri can or E nglish , e quippe d for settling i n the w oods, a n d

e .
ar med t o defend the m selves as the colon y looks to itself for prote ction
'
.
,
W e have latel y h ad three E nglish fa milie s fro m B uenos Ay r es , and t w o

single m e n fro m California If y ou se e a ny A m eri can E n glish Scotch , or .
, ,
Irish fa m ilies or single m e n w ho expect to engage in agricult ure , I hav e

,
n o hesitatio n in sa y in g that this IS the best p art of the Argentine Republ ic .
For live sto ck the countr y is as go od a s could b e desired but for t he

‘
,
.
p resent no large nu m ber of hors e s or cattle w ould b e adv isable I sa y for .
the present but t he colonists expect t o b ring large droves n ext spring
,
.
’
is u in n ee d of a blacks ith s shop A ood s m ith
'
l ch
‘
T h e
1 co ony m m : g , ,
equi p ped for far m w ork is a desideratu m particularl y an A m erican or one

-
, , ,
w h o h a s w orked in Nor th A m eri ca Pers ons m ov ing up to the colon y a t . ,
present should co me t oth e to w n of L a Pa z in E ntre B ios w hich is on the

, , ,
Pa ran a River and there charter a boat to san Javier T he ch arter of a

,
. . .
'
bo at fro m L a Pa 7j t o this place San Javier w ould b e ab o ut £ 5 sterling , ,

.
The passage t oLa Paz fro m Bue n os A y re s is $ 1 8 s I o m itted to m enti on

'
'
that the m osquitos are bad at present tho ugh there w er e none th is
‘ ’
,
sn m m e r unt il latel y I dee m it sup erfluous to say that w e h ave gam e in

'
.
. .
ab un danc e a nd fi sh in fabulous quantities C otton gro w s w ell and als o

'
, .
,
h emp and toba cco Pleas e forw ai d a ny letter s w hich m a y arriv e for m e t o
.
the sa m e addr e ss Colonia California San J av ier Santa Fé

.
Mr Perkins of Rosario ; in April 1 86 8 w rites a s follow s —« O ne of th e

.
, ,
A m eric ans fro m the Californian Colony 1 s do w n h ere He has infor m ed th e .

1
1
Secretar y of t h e I m m igration Co m m ission that the crops h ave bee n

excellen t and the people are hap py and co nt ented The Welsh m en an d
, . .
.
th eir families fro m Chnp at under Mr Davies are settle d n ow a m ongst

, , .
,
the Americ ans and have broug ht up the nu m ber of the c olon y to about
,
fort y indi viduals The ne w F re n ch Colon y t w o lea gues this side of San
’
. .
,
Javie r h a s no w fifteen fa m ilies »

, .
At t h e close of 1 8 6 8 w e h ave the follo w ing a ccoun ts « The ne w s fro m
the North Am erican Colon y i s cheering Their w heat crops are splendid .
,
and t he Tl e m p o of Santa F é sa y s tha t relativel y this colon y w ill give double

th e products that a ny of the others w ill on acc ount of the intelligen c e ,
and ind u str y of th e colonists A sa m ple of their w he at sent dow n to San ta .
Fé w as pronounced th e first in the prov in c e Th e colo nists h av e received .
se veral add itions to their n u m ber f ro m Cal i fornia It s ee m s th e Govern ,

.
m ent conside r s the contract w i th Messrs W il ck e n and Vernet ca n ce ll e dt .
as pa rt o f t hi s conc ession h as been given t o th e Welsh m en , a nother part .

T HE n rvx nx vrx C O L O NY . 51
so l d to M r Grogn e t , an d anoth er to Mr L apr a de b oth gen tle m en Of

.
.
.
,
R osario .
A qu a ntit y Of t h e l a n ds O f E l R e y h as also been solicited by
p ur ch as ers » .
R I V ADA V IA C O L O NY .
Thi s c olon y i s situate on the N E ba nk o f th e Rio Ve rm e j o about four

.
,
l e ague s b elo w E squina Grande in the Pro vince of Salta up to w hi ch po in t

, ,
ther e are no i m pe dim ents to nav igation It is bo un ded on the north by .
the grant belongi ng t o the m issionar y fat hers on the south an d e as t by the ,
Arro y o Ten co a nd on the w est by the Rio Ve rm e jo It covers a sup e rfi cie s

,
.
o f 2 0 0 s quare lea gues acres ) extending six le agues in breadth ,
from N W t o S E an d fort y in length Th e soil is m ostl y alluvi al be ing

. . . .
,
.
,
p eriodic all y inundated by the Ve rm e j o The colon y w a s establishe d in .
D ec e m ber 1 8 6 2 and i n Januar y 1 8 6 4 it counted 5 4 fa m ilies , w ith an

, ,
a ggregate o f 5 50 so ul s Sinc e then n um erous « suertes » have been allotted

.
,
t o n e w settlers a nd the c olon y i s n ow m u ch larger E ach fa m il y receive s

,
.
for ever a donation Of a « suerte » Of estan cia y ards front b y the sa m e , ,
depth (abo ut a cres ) b etw een the ri vers Ve rm e j o and Ten co or

, ,
double that are a if the l ands have not frontage on the above rivers ; al so a
buil ding lot 1 5 y ards by 6 0 o n th e site o f the propose d to wn ; and a
, ,
chacr a of four a cres for c ultivation The c hief industry of the c olon y is in
.
h orne d cattle the stock a m ountin g to

,
h ead The soil is fert ile , .
an d large plantations h ave been m ade of c otton and tobacc o ; but at present
’
the difficult y of transport see m s insuperable President Mitr e s Governm ent .
w a s authoriz ed by Congress to expe nd a ll ne cessar y su m s for the con struc

tion of a road fro m C orriente s to E s quin a Gr ande : th e proje ct has bee n
allo w ed to fall into co m plete obli vion ; b ut the road w hen m a de w il l pa ss , ,
through th e colon y and m eet the high road of the northern prov inces
so m e w here o n th e frontier Of Salta and T uc um an Mr Bl is s spe aks o f h is . .
v isit to the colon y in Jul y 1 8 63 as follo w s ,
« The long dela

y of our expe dition had given rise to serious fears for our
safet y and our a rrival at the colon y of Rivadavia w a s hailed w ith the
,
greatest de m onstration s o f j oy W hen th e expedi t ion l eft B uenos A yres ,

.
it s sup p osed dest ination w as th e po rt of E squin a Grande four leagues above ,
the colon y of Rivada via The event prove d that n o one on board had any
.
idea of the geogr aphi cal an d other changes w h ich hav e tak en pla ce in that
r egion w i thin three or four y ears E squina Grande so noted i n al l p revious
.
,
itinerarie s of vo y a g es an d explorations does not n ow conta in a single ,
b uild ing of a ny des cript ion and i n fact doe s not n ow exist a s a port The
, , ,
.
r i ver has a s in m an y other cas es ch an ged its co urse h as dug a can al across
, , ,
52 fON O F THE onié o
’
’
concurz a r .
th e p enin s ula , a nd h as thus l eft t h e for m er E squin a G r nde som e distan ce

a
inla nd ! The port th u sab ando ned ha s, h Ow e ver , been mo re
’
than repl ace d
b y the estab l ish m ent , during the y ear 1 8 6 2 O f the n e w colon y o f Rivad avi a
,
.
T his colony is situated upon the northern b ank of the Ve rm e j o four league s ,
b elo w E squina Grande and ha s a gra nt from the Provin cial C ove rnm e nt Of
,
Salt aOf sixteen lea gues Of land upon the ri ver and six leagues back Th e
.
c olonists w ere m ostl y Bolivians Of t he p oorer c l ass fro m th e pro vin ce s of

,
T arij a and Santa Cruz de la Sierra Thi s large grant Of l a nd w a s looke d

’
u pon w ith a jealous e y e by th e esta ncie ros of the frontier , w h o covete d that
fi n e extent of territor y for the m selves The Indians of the neighborhood
.
w ere m ostl y e m plo y e d as peons , either by the c olonists or by th e

and so m e Of the latter stooped to the m eanness and wickedne s s
Of prej udi cing the Indians aga inst the colonists hopin g thus to fri ghte n
,
t he m from their enterprise With the arrival o f our ste am er th e safety Of

.
“
th e cOl ony w a s t hought to b e secured especially a s three cannon fro m th e
,
Ol d ifort of Sa n F ernando w ere brought to the colon y at th e sa m e ti m e » .
Mr Bliss w as fi ve weeks m aking the o verlan d Journe y from the colony t o

.
B ue nos Ay res via R osario

,
.
T he latest offi cial report Of the colon y 1 8 onl y to Januar y W hen

th e navigation of the Rio Ve rm ej o b ecom es a fact, the colon y w ill Spring
into great i m portan ce .
r x r a ooa u
,
A F IEL D r oa ,
coL Om sr s
. 53
OH AP . VI .
C OL O NIZ A T IO N OF P A T AGO NI A .
P A T A GO NIA m ay be said to include all that va st terr itor y l y ing bet w ee n

the Rio Ne g ro (40 de g S L a t ) and th e Strai ts Of M a g ellan , and esti m ate d
. . .
to contain a n area Of s quare m iles The cl im ate is S im il ar t o tha t

.
'
of E ngland an d the soil fertile : h en ce th e country i s w ell s uited for

,
i m m igration and various e fforts have b een m ade , w ith in the last six y ears ,
,
for this purpo se .
I n Jun e 1 8 6 3 the Governm ent of B uenos A yr e s m ade the foll o w in g gr ant

t o Mr L oui s Ba m b erg er
.
.1 M , L ouis Ba m be rge r e n ga ge s to bring out a Ger m an Colony w hose ,
t ot al num ber shall b e

,
fa m ilies .
2 The G overn m ent o f B ue nos A y r es grants a free g ift of p ubli c land in

.
the foll o w ing proport ion : for every 1 0 0 fam il ies one s quare league b e side s ,
a n e qu al quantity f or the ben e fit of the concessionair e or j oi nt st ock

co m pany .
3 The G overn m ent w ill provide e ach fa m il y w ith far m ing i m ple m ents ,
.
seeds t w o m ilch co w s S ix heifers a y ok e of oxen and t w elve sh eep

, , , ,
.
4 The Go vern m ent w il l support all the im m igr ants dur ing six m onths
.
after th e ir arriv al .
The con cession nev er c a m e to an y t hing , Mr Bam berger fa iling to get up .

(
a j oint sto ck com pany

-
.
“
54 ,
C OL ONIZ A T ION or p a r ic oni
x .
In th e follo w ing m onth (Jul y 1 8 6 3 )th e Argentine Governm ent Signe d a

con cessio n for the establish m ent Of a Welsh Colo ny at the Ch up at , w hich
‘
w a s carried out t w o y ears later .
In August 1 8 6 3 a Fr en ch m a n Dr Brougne s w h o h ad be en conne cte d

,
.
,
w ith t he French Colon y in Corriente s for m ed a pr oj e ct to convert the ,
Indians into colonists giving the m land seeds &c an d the Ca cique
, , ,
.
,
B aigorria pro m ised h im ever y co operation He also proposed intro ducin g-

.
E uropean settlers to be scattered alon g the rivers Negro and C olora do ,

,
Th e s che m e died in e m br y o .
In 1 8 6 3 Messrs G alvan Aguirre and M urga receive d a m ost a dva n

,
.
, ,
t a ge ou s concession fro m the G overn m ent O f B uen os A y res v iz ,
Galvan rec e ive for each fam il y a gift of 1 6 0 a cre s land a b onu s of $ 1 2 S ,
.
,
a nd the l oan of $ 1 6 0 or £ 3 2 sterling to p ay the necessar y expenses

'
.
,
Messr s A guirre and Murga re ceive

. a cres for each fa m ily i n fee , ,
b ut w ithout a ny subvention i n m oney The con cessio naires propose t o

.
p ya the passage of th e i m m igrants ,

providing each fa m il y o n arrival w ith , ,
3 0 0 sheep six m ilch co w s , on é bull four horses and a large p ie ce of land »

, , ,
.
AS a n i m m igration s che m e it has never been c ar rie d out but nu m b er s ,
of E nglish m en have sin ce settled on the lands Of Aguirre and M urga ,
som e p ur cha sing th e land fro m the m , others going into p artn ership w ith .
t he m in the care of sheep ,
In June 1 8 6 4 General P aunero sub m itted an ex cellent proj e ct for a fi xe d

l i ne of fro n tier on th e Rio Colorado w h ich , b ut for the Par aguay a nw ar , ,
b a de fair to be accepted by G overn m e nt .
Th e R io Colora do rises in th at part Of th e Ande sc onti guo us t oMendoz a ,

'
al m ost l n direct l ine fro m B uenos A y res i n 3 5 S L at an d 6 9 W Lon g ,

.
,
.
p ursuing a w inding course S E until it d e bO

. u ch.e s in to the Atla n ti c ; a few
m i l e s belo w our settle m ent of Bahia Blanca ab out 4 0 S L at P aunero ,

. .
e sti m ate d its length at 1 97 leag ues Sa y 6 0 0 m iles , and p ro pose d t Oerect a
,
line O f forts w ith sm all m ilitar y pi cquets at certain distan ces alon g it s ,
n ort h b ank He re quired onl y 50 0 0 m e n for so s plendid an und ertaking

. ,
i nste ad Of 1 3 0 0 0 troops Of the L ine an d Nation al Guards at prese n t '
,
“
o ccu pie d 1 n the Stra gglin g frontier servi ce Of these provinces .
The ad vanta ges to b e gain ed by this S che m e w ere thus su m m ed up

I s t
. An effective and unifor m cordon O f fronti e r posts 2 n d Th e creatio n . .
O f a n i m pas sable bar r ier w hi ch w o,

uld prevent co m m unication b et w ee n the
Indians Of the Cha co and those o f Patagonia 3 rd The re cover y of . .
square l eagues a territor three t i es as large a s E ngland ) O f th e

20 000
, ( y m
finest p ast ure lan ds f t h e

4t h A saving of 6 0 per cent i n the expense
. .
O .
present frontier forces 5 th Th e total rel ief

. .
O f i
civil ans fro m m t
ili ar y
’
o
c x s EX PL O R IN G nx rrn rr iou . . 55
0
ervic e 6 th The develop m e n t Of a n e w co m m e rcial artery by I t h e

s . . .
n av igation of the Bio Colorado 7 t h A safegu ard for o u .
rs.
h e e pfar
m a
.rs
a gains t the per ils of drought thes e m e n b e ing for m e rl y a fraid to m ove
,
the ir flo cks to w ards the Indian territory Moreover the lands adj acent to .
the Colorado m ight b e m ade to produce w hea t for the w hole Rep ub l ic t he ,
freight t o Bah ia Blanc a b eing eas y and the refore ch ea p , .
In Septe m b er 1 8 6 4 a Ger m an c o m p an y w ith a propose d ca pit al of t hr ee

m il li on s sterling s ought a con ces sion for th e colon iz ation Of squar e
m il es Of t e rritor y bet w een th e ri vers C ol ora do an d Negro .
T h e Co m p any propo se d t o Gove rnm ent t o introduce 2 0 0 0 0 E ur ope a n ,
a gr i cultural fa m ilies w ithin fi ve e ars on con diti on O f a c avalr y force O f

y ,
m e n under Col onel Ma chado bein g placed for that period to defend
, ,
the territory fro m the Indi a ns E ach fa m il y w a s to receive free pas sag e ,
.
a r an cho food for the first y e ar see ds an d im ple m ents on e horse tw o

, , , ,
o xen t w o co w s
,
an d 1 0 0 shee p ,
T he e m igrant w ould be re q uired in
. ,
r eturn ,
t o S ign b ill s for £ 2 0 0 pa y able i n 4 0 y e arl y in stal m ents ;
,
E ach
fa m il y wa s t o re cei ve 1 2 c uadr as (5 0 acre s )of land for t il l age , and h ave
t h e p astur e lands o f th e colon y in c o m m on w ith the rest .
This enterpris e sh a r e d the fate of t hose j ust m entioned .
The Republic of Chile having al w a y s c l a im ed a grea t po rtion of

P ata gonia tha t Go vern m en t co m m issioned Mr Cox to explore the w h al e
,
.
c o urse O f the Rio Negro as that gentle m an held the co nviction that fl uvial
,
com m unication e x isted bet w een th e Atlantic an d Pacifi c O ce an s .
In 1 8 59 m ak ing Port Montt (a G er m an c olony on th e Pa cifi c in S L at

,
.
his st arting p oint and b as e o f Operations , in co m pan y with a fe w

d eter m ined co m p a nions he p a ssed the ne ck o f the Cordill era at Mount
,
O sorn o an d reach ed the w estern shore of L ak e Nahuel h uapi But h e ha d

,
-
.
not calcul a ted al l the diffic ulties Of the enterp rise '
,
des ist an d ret ur n t o V alpar ais o Th e G over nm ent . his

report an d the explorer onl y w aited a favorabl e c ha n ce t o carr y ou
,
t
h is de sign .
O n the l 6 th of De c em b er 1 8 6 2 a co m plete expedition fu ll y e qu ippe d by

,
Governm ent and co ns isting of 1 8 pe rsons under h is c o m m an d ag ai n

, ,
st arted fro m Port Montt and reachin g L ake Nahuel h uap i on Ne w y e ar S

,
- -
’
d ay 1 8 6 3 undertook to cross the l ake 1 11 a bo a t le ft there by M

, r Cox on his .
for m er j ourne y A steep hill o n the e astern shore n ow barred the ir

p rogress b ut the y resolute l y cut th e ir w ay through a virg in forest clim be d
, ,
th e peril ous glaciers and Mr Cox w a s the fi rs t w ho arrive d at th e su m m it

, .
,
and sa w to h is in finite j oy , th e broad strea m of th e Rio Negro w indin g it s

.
, ti ll lost in t he bro w n colored Pa m pas of Patago nia

c o urse east w ard -
.
kcourx
' ‘
56 cOL ONIZ Ar iON 0 F

' ' ‘
rx r .
Having laun ched his b at l n the Rio N e gro , he determined t o p ush dOw n
O
wa rds a
j s fat a s t he Arge n tine settle m ent O f Car m e n or P a t agon e S ; at t h e
‘
inO ut h , on th e Atl a nti c Fearing a short ness of p r ovi sions he O rdere d th e

.
,
h alf Of his p arty to retur nto Port Montt , an dwith the rest co m m ence d t o
'
d e s cend the ri ver , whi ch he found n avigabl e with about 1 0 or 1 2 feet O f ,
w ater . After s o m e slight m ishaps in com ing fO ul of the hidden Obst a cl e S

, ,
h e ha d the misfortune to capsize t h e b oat and his m e n narro w l y es caped ,

'
dro w nin g : he o w ed his ow n safet y to a life belt , the w ater being h er e -
fo urteen feet d e ep The l oss of all his ch arts and instru m ents w a s ev e n
.
l ess than that Of the provisions , on w hi ch dep nde d t he lives of a l l th e

e
p art y
. L u ckil y he fell m w ith a tribe O f Peh uel ches Indians w h o at firs t ,
deter m ined to k ill all the intruders but the interpreter explainin g th at ,
Mr COx w a s very rich it w a s at length agree dth at he should p a y a l arge

,
ra n sOm l eaving four Of h is m e n a s h ost ag es w hile he pro ceede d t o

h ,
Port MOntt He a c cordingl y returned w it h the ranso m but instead o f

.
,
acco m p any in g h is m e n b ack to Chile , re m ain ed a vol untar y c om p anion of

‘
the P ehuelches , wh ose costum e h e even ad opted With the h ope of aeco m ’
p any ing the m at th e uSual ti m e Of year in their j urn e y t o Car m en

O
skins and ostri c h fe athe rs So me ne igt ring tribes h e a rin g Of th e ‘
,
.
,
ChriSt ian w howen t h unting guan a cOs and OSt rich e s w i th the Pehu elches
’
,
t hreat en ed to m ake a «inal On » vvith fire and lan ce if h e w ere per m itte d to
r em ai n in Indian t erritor y , and h e sa w hi mself forced to return to Ch ile ,
w here an ac c o unt of h s ex plorations h as since b een p ublished at the cost

i
Of Gove r nm e nt B y a fortunate
. coin cide nce M r Cox w a s w recke d at the .
v er y same rapids m ent io n e d by the Spanish pilot Villarin w h o re a che d thi s ,
p oint in a sm al l vesse l w h i ch as ce n ded the Rio Negro fro m the Atlantic

'
Hence Mr Cox considers h is expedition realized an d declares the w ate r

.
,
c our se n avi gab l e the w hole w a y (e xceptin g ab out a m ile ) fro m one o ce a n
t o the other He Speaks hi ghl y Of M L e ngl ie r a F ren ch m an who j oine d
. .
,
h im inal l his p eril ouSa dve n tur es : He states th at a s the Ar gentines hol d
t h e line of the Rio Negro fro m Patagones t o the island of Choel ech oe l , it -
w Oul d be eas y for Chil e to o ccupy th e re m ainder as far as L ak e Nahuel

’
h uapi ahd by thi s m eans a splendid countr y w Oul d be thro w n Open for
,
i m m igration a nd a n avig able high w a y made av ailable for c o m m erce a cros s

’
,
O
’
It
W ould s ee m h ow ve r that mo re t h,
a n t h irt y
year sprevio usl y the la te
,
Captain Sm '
a d go ne the same ro ute : 1 n a l etter dated l 0 th Februar y, _
years 1 82 8 a d 1 82 9 I m
n ade a tour of th e c oa st Of Chile from ,
Cop ia p o to San Ca rl OS(ih the isl and Of Chil Oe ) a nd '
,
fi Om there cro ssed t he
C O L O N I AT I O N
Z OF P A T A G O N IA '
'
thi s comp any a n d in th e succeeding t e ny ears ,t o c oloni z e t he

'
of ,
c ountry lying bet w e en the Rivers Colorado and N egro the Gove rn m en t -
,
'
c eding to t h e com p a ny th ree fourths of a s quare league a c res )of

-
land for e ach fa m ily i ntrod uce d fr o m any neighboring or foreign country .
They further p ropos e to introduce w ithin fi ve y ears as ab ove 8 0 0 fa m ilie s

“
, ,
t o settle south of the Rio N egro , and s o on fa m ilies w ithin fi fty

s ubsequent years (divided in proportions of fiv e ye ar s each for the coloni
) ,
z a t ion of Patagoni a prop er the Govern m ent ceding as befo re at t h e , ,

.
c o m pan y s choice a s quare league acres )for e ach fa m ily s o settled

’
, .
They propose t o m ak e th es e colonies pastoral , not agri cultural advancing ,
to each fa m ily a su m of £ 40 0 sterling in passage m oney house m aintenanc e , ,
for t w elve m onths and stock of 5 0 0 sheep 50 co w s , 3 m ares 2 horses a

, , , , ,
w aggon s eeds far m ing i m ple m ent s and graz ing land : the a m ount of such
, , ,
a dvances w ith intere st and expenses , to b e refun ded by the colonists 111
yearly inst al m ents not e xceeding 1 2 p er cent w h ich w ould b e m or e th an .

,
c overed by the w ool Th ey solicit fro m G ov ern m ent besides a league of

.
,
l and for e ach fa m ily (in all s quare leagues , or acres),

th e follo w ing con cession
« l st A uthority to govern the colony d ur ing s ixty years , w ith a c ode
.
'
a pproved by G overn m ent .
« 2 nd H alf the nett proceeds of i m p ort and export duties of the colony
.
for said ter m .
« 3 rd Ex e m ption fro m im port dutie s on all instru m e nts and anim al s

.
introduced .
« 4 th Maintenance by G overn m ent of a prop e r m ilitary forc e

. .
« st h Per m ission to build do cks rail w ays schools & c

.
, , ,
’
« 6 th Sanct ion for the Credit Mob ilier Co m pany s stat ut es
. .
-
« 7 th G uarant ee for the L e ttres de Ga ge
. .
Mr O ca m po di ed of ch olera 1 n A pril 1 8 6 7 , and M de L a ust a n w ent ho m e

b
. .
t o Franc e This w as th e last gran d e m igrat ion s che m e c onnected w ith

.
Patagonia only on e of w hich w as ev er ear n ed out and the history th ereof

, ,
( th e Welsh C ol ony )w e sh all now pro ceed to narrate
THE w nnsn C O L O NY .
In July 1 86 3 , th e fol l ow m g con cession w as signe d by th e A rgenti ne

G ov ern m ent
« Th e Minist er of Int e i ior of the A rgent ine Republic D r W illia m ,
.
Ra w son in na m e o f the Govern m ent , on the on e part , and a spe cial

,
c o mm itt ee of the Welsh Em igrat ion Society , co m posed o f the fo l lo w ing
p e is on s z — G H Wh alley ,
M
. P , D avi d Willia
.
m s ,
H igh Sheriff of .
,
T HE W E L SH C O L O N Y : 59
C arn a rvon , and Robe rt John Parr y O f Ma drin C astle W al es —ou th e other , ,
part have agreed to co ncl u

, de th e follo wing c ontract
« Ist . The Welsh Em igration So c iety shall s end out during ten ye ars , ,
fro m 3 0 0 to 5 0 0 fa m ilies O f e m igrants yearl y a n d est ablish the m in t h e

-
t err itory O f Pat a g onia in th e A rgentin e Republi c South of th e Rio N egro

, ,
.
« 2 nd The A rgentine G overn m ent grants t o every 2 0 0 fa m ilies a

.
m un icipal fee i n p erp etuity o f t w o s quare league s of l a nd the h al f of ,
s uch l and t o b e devoted t o edi fices and publ i c w orks s uch a s s ch ools , ,
churches to wn h a ll house of co rrect ion and oth er p ublic pur po ses ; th e

,
-
, ,
r e m ainin g half t o b e di stribute d in building plot s e ither to b e g iven gratis ,
t o the fir st settlers or sol d after w ards for th e rent al sup p ort of th e c olon y
,
.
a 3 rd . In a ddi tion to th e 2 5 s qu a res O f l and given by the la w t o e ac h

e m i grant fa m ily th e N ational G overn me nt w ill gr a nt an are a of fiv e
,
s quare lea gue s for every 2 0 0 fa m il ies , adjacent t o th e respe ctive m unici
p al i t,
y to b e divided a m ong the m .
a ith . I n c as e th e colonists r e quire m ore land they shal l b e per m itted to ,
b uy or rent th e sa m e of the Govern m ent on the m ost m oderat e t er m s in

, , ,
a ccordance w ith th e la w s of the count ry .
a st h A ny m ines of m et al coal or m in eral s w h ich m a y be discovered

.
, ,
sha ll b elong to t he finder , w ithout an y oth er i m po st than the sov ereignty

as decreed b y t h e l aw
’
« 6 th The general m a nage m ent O f affai rs an d gov ern m ent O f the colony
, ,
s h all b e vested in a co mm issioner or gov ernor a ppo int ed by th e N at ion al
G overn m ent in the m anner a n d for th e p eriod , d irected by th e la w s t o be

, ,
m ade and p fovide d for t err itorial j ur is diction

_ .
« 7 th The m unicipal adm inistration sh all b elon g excl usively to th e

.
colonists in acco rdance w ith their o w n reg ulation s

,
.
a 8 th Th e colonist s sh al l be exe m pt fro m all m ilitary service or contri

.
b utions fo r th e t er m of t en years but they engage t o defend the m selves ,

unai ded against th e I ndians
,
.
a 9 th W hen t he population of th e colony sh al l h ave arrived at th e

.
nu m b er of souls it wil l en ter as a ne w provinc e t o for m part Of

, ,
t h e nat ion and as such , shall b e endo w ed w ith a ll th e right s an d

, ,
p r ivileges t hereunto b elongi ng at the sa m e ti m e it s t errit orial l im it s

s h a ll b e defin it iv ely m arked out .
« l ot h The N ational G overn m ent se ein g th e distanc e an d solitu de of

.
,
t h es e localities , w il l f ur nish th e fi rst c o m pany Of e m igrant s w ith 4 piece s

o f art ill ery 50 fan egas I n dian corn 50 fanegas w heat 50 tons lum ber for
, , ,
b uildin g 2 0 0 ta m e hors es 50 milch co w s and

,
sheep, ,
.
« 1 1t h Th e s ociety w ill give t i m ely notic e to the Govern m ent O f t h e

.
60 co nONw Ar ON or p a r a g onm
i
'
.
p robabl e date w h e n the fi rst ba tch of colonists m ay be expected t o arri ve

at the port O f Bahia N ueva , in order that the provisions cattle , &c ,
.
m ent io ne d i n t he previous arti cle m ay b e sent t o that or any other point

, ,
in dicated , in ti m e to m eet t he m on their arrival .
'
« The colony shall be subj e ct to th e legislation to be dictat ed by

1 2 th .
C ongress for the govern m ent of national territories —

, W RAW S O N , J LO V E ,
“
. . .
D J O N E S PA RRY , LO V E J O N E S »
. .
The c olonists saile d fro m L iverpool III the b arque Mim osa , on A p 1 il 2 5th ,
1 8 6 5 nu mbering 1 3 2 souls and arrived safely at th e River Chup at on th e

, ,
2 8 th of July th e site chosen for th e colony b eing in 4 3 deg 1 5 m S L at

,
. . . .
,
a nd 6 5 de g W L ong Th ere w ere 6 2 adul t m ales 4 1 adult fe m ales 1 7

. . .
, ,
b oys and 1 2 girl s Fro m the very outset the C olony h a s undergone
,
.
s evere vicissitudes as appears to be the fate Of all ne w settle m ents

,
in ,
fact in the ea 1 ly part of 1 8 6 7 the colonists deter m ined to abandon the

,
localit y and act ually t 1 an sp ort e d the m s elves and effect s so m e 4 0 m il es to

,
a pla ce of e mbarkation ready to leave Ho w ever on further council , .

,
n early all returned t o th eir far m s an d have b een stea dily w orking a nd ,
p rogl e ssing since I t appears the great dra wback t o the place fro m it s
. .
,
c o mm ence m ent has b een insu fficient stock and i m ple m ent s This has been
,
.
re cently r e m edied to so m e ext ent by the i m portation of so m e A m erica n
p loughs ,
an d 1 5 0 m ilch co w s Th e re are n o sh ee p on the settle
. m en t,
although ther e are ab undant pasture la n ds in the vicinity SO far the .
,
c olonists have devoted the m sel ves to w h eat g ro w ing and t o th e ext ent of , ,
.
their scanty li ve stock t o dairy produce T hes e w ill evid ently farm t h e
,
staple agri c ult ura l indust ry of the se ttle m e nt but it i s expe cted soon t o ,
h ave a fe w flo cks O f sheep in additi on S ealing salt a n d m ining .

, ,
o perations also w e hear , are 1 n n e w

,
The A rg enti ne Govern m ent h ave .
b ehav ed handso m ely t o w ards the Colony For thre e years it has s uppl ied .
t h e settlers w ith provis ions , it has spent ab out $ 1 0 0 0 0 5 in cattle and ,

.
s eeds & c for the plac e it h as s upplied a ll th e m en w it h ar m s and

,
.
,
a mm u nition it ga ve hal f the purch ase m oney for the first s chooner of the
,
C olony a nd has agai n assisted in the purchase of anot her to replace the l ost
,
one A ll this w ithout any othe r interest than that of enco uraging
.
e m igration and developing these t e 1 ritorie s Each settler occup ies a .
chacra Of 2 5 square s (nearly 1 0 0 a cres ) on t he b anks of th e r1 ve r and ,
r eceives th e G overn m ent s ub sidies 1 n proport ion to the fa m ily .
The Tehuelche I ndians —the genuine abori ginal Pa ta gonians —v is it the

settle m ent in t ribes every year for trade and t o r eceive t heir rat ions fro m
,
t h e Govern m ent The ostrich feathers and Sk i ns w hich th ey bri ng are a

‘
‘
.
m o en vrAr '
AN D BAH I A NU E VA . 61
pro fitable sour ce of rev enue tothe colonist s M a ny horses and m ares hav e .
b een obtain ed fr o m th e m in the s a m e m ann er .
The latest advi ces from the Colony give t h e follo w ing statisti cs
Fa mil ies , 33 Ch urch 1 ,
Persons ,
12 4 Milch co w s 20 0 .
B rick houses 24 H ors es and m a res 100 ,
Ra nchos ,
6 Wh e at so w n (acres ) 2 50
The Co mm itt ee O f m anage m ent (t w elve in nu m b er )and Supe rintendent
o f the Colony are elected a n nua ll y Secret ary , Mr R J Be rw z n . . . . .
G overn m ent A gent Mr L Jones ,

. . .
Five hun dred lots of 1 0 0 acres e ach ha ve b e en m eas ured out by a

, ,
Govern m ent surveyor and it is calcul ated that th e region on w hich t h e

,
settle m ent is place d i s c apable of sup p ort ing sou l s The groun d a t .
present O ccup ied by the Colon is ts exten ds on each s ide of the River Chup a t
o ver an a rea of t w elve m iles The blim ate is v ery good , a l ittle colder
.
,
but dr ier and m or e bra c ing th a n that of Buenos A yres

,
.
Bah ia N ueva w hich is in th e v ici nity O f the settl e m ent abounds in fi sh ;

, ,
an d in th e adjoining count ry ga m e is very plentiful Se a ls are m et w ith in .
gr eat nu m be rs on the coast an d inl and th er e ar e n um e rous h erds of,
guana co s or w ild lla m as w hose sk ins are highly pr iz ed an d are use d by ,
th e In dians a s their only g a r m ent Stone in gr e a t variety gypsu m an d .

,
s alt ar e m et w ith the lat t er a rt icle in great ab un dan ce I t i s als o repo rt e d

,
.
th at co al e xists in the neighb ourh ood of th e settle m ent .
A n int erest ing a ccount of th e colony a nd adj ac ent co untry i s given by

the Re v L e w i s Hu m phreys (w ho w as chapl ai n at th e Chup a t dur ing th e
.
first ye a r O f the settle m ent ) in his report t o the dire ctors of the We l s h
C olonising C o m pany
« N e w Bay the place w her e w e landed extends t w enty t w o m il es inl an d -
, ,
and is seve n m il es acros s th e entran ce I t for m s a splen did port pe rfectl y .

,
sheltered fro m all exc ept th e e ast w in d w hich ho w ever v ery seldo m ,
.
, ,
blo w s ; and it is spa cious and deep en ough to a cco mm odate th e w hole navy
O f G reat Britain at a nchor Mr Do w nes , the m ate of the Mim osa a ssur e d
. .
,
m e that N e w Bay is th e b est port of So uth Am erica for v essels to e nter an d

re m ai n in perf ect sec urity .
« The River Ch a pe t flo w s through at least t hr ee distinct v alleys divid e d ,
fr o m ea ch other by cha ins of bil l s T he settle m ent is at present co n fine d .
t o th e lo w er valley w hich is ab out forty five m iles long and ab out five
,
‘
-
m iles b roa d on th e average O n the w hole th e lan d is dr y though th er e

‘
.
,
ar e a fe w s w a m py parts w hich dry up entir el y w hen th e river is lo w

, Th e .
supply of t i mber in this v alley i s lim ited for tho ugh there ar e tre es of m a ny ,
62 CO L O N IZ AT ION OF ATA G O N I A
P .
k inds th ey ar e all s m all being gene rally not larger than th e co mm on h az e l

,
,
O f this country There

.
is n evert h eless
,
a superabund a ,
nc e o f brush w oo d ,
w
hich w ill last u s for fuel inde finitely s ince it gro ,w s again after being cut .
The secon d v alley is si m il ar t o the first a n d 1 s v ery fertile b eing covered

, ,
t h ickl y w ith cock plant s I t contains

. ab u ndance of sandstone ad m irably ,
a dapt ed for b ui lding purposes and the tre ,

es 1 m p 1 ove considerably m siz e
a nd stren gth Six

.
hu n dred far m s O f 1 0 0 acres
,
ea ch h a ve b een m easure d ,
ou t i n th is v alle y in rea d i ness for the second co m pany o f e m igrants Th e .
t hird v alley h as b een only part ially explored I t is narrow and bounde d
.
,
on e ach side by rocks What lies higher up the r iver is not yet kn o w n
. ,
T he river w ater is p ure and s w ee t th ough its color i s so m e w hat cloudy ,

,
a nd n ea r the surfac e is fre quentl y brackish The u nani m ous verdi ct of

.
e very one of u s is , th at th e cli m at e i s delightful an d very h ealthy A fe w .
w er e ill so m e w eeks after landing o w ing partly

, to the fatigue of carryin g
a nd arranging heavy goods and part l y to their frequently getting w e t
,
through an d allo w ing their sat urated clothing to dry upon their person s ,
o ther w ise no c ases O f sickness oc curred w h ilst m any m st a n ce s m i g ht be ,
g iven of th e perfect re storation t o health of invalids I ndigestion h ead .

,
a che , toothach e colds an d consu m ption are unkn o

, ,
w n there , alth ough I an d
m any others h ave fre quently slept in th e open air night aft er night 1 n th e
depth of w int er w hich is so geni al that no evil effects follo w e d an a moun t
,
exposur e w h ich oul d certainly hav e prove d fatal in any part of Gre at
of w
B ritain O w ing ho w ever t o our b eing co m pelle d t o subsist on salte d

.
, ,
m e at during th e passage out and for t he first fe w m onths after landing t h e

, ,
m aj ority O f us suffered m ore or less fro m scurvy , and so m e O f us fro m boils

St ill , all these inconvenience s d id not prevent our enjoying t o the ut m os t
t h e splendid at m osphere , w hich kept u s const ant ly hungry , and w as praise d
b y every on e as th e healthiest a m an ev er breathed ’
I b eliev e that eve ry .
p erson i n th e colony ate double w h at sufll ce d hi m at ho m e With such an .
excellent cli m ate it is not surpri sing that th e lan d should be extr e m ely
fertile We discovered several ki nds Of e dibl e w ild plants such as w il d
. ,
c elery and t urnips and a sort of potato all of which w ere very good
.
.
, ,
« Various un avoidable del a ys w hich t ook place at L iverpool and at Ne w

'
B ay prevente d our settling ourselve s re ady for w ork un til abo ut t w o

m onths after th e pro pe r se ason for so w ing w heat consequently all h opes of ,
a crop for the fi rst year had t o be aba ndone d We so w e d s m all quantitie s .
of I ndian corn barley, ,

potatoes ,
and garde n seeds , all o f w hich g re w
ex cellently and y ielded a grat ifying crop I t is absolutely nec essa ry t o
,
.
sow w heat b efore t he end of the w in ter , in order th at it m ay fru ct ify before
h e per iod o f su mm er heat w hich w o uld other w ise s corch it rather th a n

t ,
r nosp ncr s o r ru n WE L S H cono xisr s . 63
ri ep n it .Th e w heat ha rv est tak es place a bout Ch rist m as so tha t th e n e w s ,
about the crop ca nnot reach this co un t ry before th e end of J anuary next .
We l abore d un de r th e gr ave disadvanta ge of not p ossessin g an adequ at e

st ock of i m ple m ents of h usbandry a n d conse quently w ere unable to so w as
,
m u ch as w e ought t o h av e done l a st season We had t w o pl oug hs fro m

.
England and Mr L e w is Jones obtain ed an A m erican plough at Pat agones

,
. .
We had also a fe w A rgent ine ploughs b ut th ey w ere O f v ery littl e u s e

,
.
We kept t w o m e n constantly at w ork ploughing a nd succee de d in so w ing ,
about sixty acres w ith w heat ; an d w hen I le ft th ey w e r e b us ily e ngag e d

prep a rin g groun d fo r a s econd se tting of potatoe s I ndian corn & c W e , ,
.
h a d at that tim e been supplie d w ith m any thous ands of youn g trees for
planting am ong w hich w er ?4 0 0 0 fruit trees The people generall y w ere
, ,
.
in excell ent spirits a nd looked for w ard to success as a ce rt ainty

, ,
Those .
a mong u s w ho at first took a desponding vie w and neglect e d to cult ivat e ,
th eir far m s n ow prais e t he c l im ate and th e land and resolve t o w ork in

, ,
e arnest N oth ing w hatever w as w anted b ut a c ro p in its due season and

.
,
e very indicat ion appe are d to j ustify our ex p e ctations of a favorable harvest .
Th e l ocal ity h as sho w n itself t o be highly s atisfactory and o ur fait h has

'
,
given place t o the c e rtainty result ing fro m the possession of tangible proofs .
A nd I m ay b e per mitt ed to O bserve h ere that as the products of the Ch up at

v alley corr espond in a l l other respects to thos e of the Rio N egro vall ey ,
t here is no re as on t o s uppose that w heat and sheep w ill prov e to b e e x ce p

t ions . A t th e Spanish settle m ent on the N egro (Pata gones)w hea t h as been
l argely gro wn d urin g the last t w enty y ears on the sa m e ground and th e ,
incre ase h as b een fre q uently a s m uch as fort y fold I learnt also that th e
-
.
in cre as e in sh ee p at Pata gones h as b e en very ple as ing this yea r On on e .
estan cia alone there are sheep being an increase of no less th an

,
in one year Th e capital on that place last year w as

. sheep .
C att le are fat and horses plenty

, The sh eep w e had a t Ne w Bay w ere
.
'
l arg e and w ell w oolled and no doubt they w i l l h ave in cre as e d in the sa m e
-
,
proportion a s th e sh eep j ust m entioned ; in fact they w ere brought fro m ,
the very flock s referred to O ur horses and c attle w ere re m arkably fin e

.
and fat even in w inter w hen they require no housing or other attention
, , ,
a s the pa sturag e i s ab undant and exce l l ent all the year round A t th e .
t i m e I le ft w e had about 1 0 0 cattl e sixty O f w hich w ere m 1 l ch co w s t w o ,

,
full gro w n bul ls and a n u m b er Of youn ge r ones W e had abo ut fort y

-
, .
h ors es and each fa m ily possessed pigs and fo w ls a l l of w hich w e re

, ,
in creasin g rapidl y In so m e of the far m yards the fo w ls w ere su ffi ciently

.
-
ab undant to reca l l to m ind the ho m est e a ds of C a e rm a r th e n shire N one o f .
us chose t o k i ll cattle for foo d o w in g to the paucity of their nu m ber and ,

,
f
L O N IZ A T I O N A T A GO N I A
l 1
64
v
CO
1
or P .
th e pigs and fo w ls had not incre ased Suflicie nt l y for us t oco mm ence eatin g
'
t he m ; a nd, indeed th ere w as not t h e slight e st n ec essi ty to interfere with

,
'
the m for th e w hole t erritory literall y svvarm s w it h ga m e ; hares guan a cos ,

, ,
a rm a dil l os, d11ck s geese p artridge a nd ostrich es

, , ,
and the river and ba y ,
furnish an a m ple supply of fish Th e hares are v ery large , and co mm onl y
'
w eigh fr om 1 8 th t o 2 0 th w hilst th e birds ar e v ery fat an d fre quently fi nd

,
th eir w ay int o the cooking ket tle -

.
« I t is a n act O f th e m erest j ustice for m e t o st ate that the Govern m ent of
the A rgentine R epub l ic has act ed in a m ost liberal an d p raise w ort hy m anne r
'
to w ards th e Welsh Colony O ur president Mr Will ia m D avis visit ed

.
,
.
,
B u enos A yr es near the end of 1 8 6 5 and O btai ned fro m the Go vern m ent a ,
m onth l y grant of $ 7 0 0 to b e paid until the colony beco m es self support ing ,
,
-
and supplies have been regularly furnis hed ever since through th e a genc y
of Mr H H arris , a m erchant l ong est ablished at Patagones
,
. . I m ust al s o .
not o m it to m ention grat efully the v aluable assistance afforded us by t h e

na tiv e I ndians Th e chief of th e tribe se nt us a letter asking for Englis h
.
s addles a nd ru m , in exchange for skins , & c and I u nders tand that a treat y .
,
o f pea c e an d co mm erce has sinc e b een m ade T w o fa m ilies of I ndian s .
have b een several m onths establish ed in th e c olony , and to th eir assistanc e

w e o w ed the great er part of ga m e w e obtained They barter e d larg e .
q uant iti es of fresh m eat for s m all pieces of bread and exchanged m a re s ,
for hors es . The colonists no w p ossess ab out 40 dogs , and the con sequ enc e
O f both these circu m sta nce s is th at th ey h av e begun to tire of a super
, ,
a bu ndanc e of fresh m eat Wh e n I left , v ery fe w persons live d m th e fort

.
t h e m aj ority had built brick hou ses , an d m any h ad gone to li v e u pon

-
t h eir ow n far m s .
« In th e proper season seal fish e ry i s c arrie d on to a great extent alon g

,
-
t h e coast of Patagonia principally by English a nd Nort h A merican sailors

,
,
w h o kno w their haunts O n s everal occa sion s so m e of th e s ettlers h av e
.
seen m ultitudes of s eals basking on the beach of N e w B ay and hav e kill ed ,
a fe w w ith sticks N e w Bay 1 s a general re ndezvous for v essels engaged

.
i n this b usin ess a nd a tra de h as sprung up b et w een th e m and the settlers

, ,
w hich w ill beco m e an i m portan t ele m ent in th e w ell b eing of the colony , -
a s soon as w e are i n a position to supply the m w ith fresh provisions &c ,
So m e of the settlers have v isited a nu mb er O f Guano islands w hich lie ,
w i thin easy reach of t h e colony and have s een t he guano but as it varies , ,
greatly m quality even on the sa m e spot it w ill b e nec essa ry to e m pl oy

, ,
me n w ell acquainted w ith it t o superi nte nd the select io n and loading

of a cargo .
« Having thus touched upo nall th e points connected w ith the s ettle m ent
m riON or AGONIA
I
66
”
COL ON PAT .
e r
n c ount er the sa m e m isfortunes th at befell th e O igi nal s ettlers Too g rea t .
‘
stress h o w ever c annot be laid on the foll ow ing points as a guide t o

, ,
e m ig rant s who m ay c onte m plate j oining the ir count m en

r
y
1 That they shoul d co m e out With so m e capi tal
.
.
; 2 That the y should bring w ith th e m plou ghs hand mills se e ds an d

.
,
-
, ,
l u m b er forth e constru ct ion of huts as there are few trees in the count ry
, ,
.
3 That they should sail fro m England in the m onth of M a r ch in orde r ,
t o arri ve at the Ch u at in ti m e to p repare t he round th ey w ill b e cal le d

p g
u pon to cult ivate , b efor e the se ason for so w in
g w hich in this count r y is ,
in t h e m onths of M a
y and June .
F REE L AN D G R ANT S AT
-
BAHIA BL AN C A
'
It ill interest m any Engli sh m en w ho c o m e to this c

w ou ntr y w ith t he
‘
inte ntion of s e ttling , to kno w that ca m can be t aken out dir ect fro m th e ‘
p
Argentin e G ov ern m ent in « ropiedad at Bahia Blanca t o th e extent of
p ,
on e « suerte » a cres ) i n one n a m e on co nditio n that a hous e or ,

”
« ra hch o » s built u o11 the land an d a fl Oc heep pl ced pon it w ithi '
i p k Of s a ,
u n ,
o n e year a fter al lot m ent The cos t of soli c itatio nand surveying &c , say
.
,
.
£ 40 By a fl ock of sh eep 1 s m eant h ead

’
.
.
A ft er a l l otm e iit Of ca mp a deposit is r equir e d Of $ 10 0 0 0 111 16 or £ 80 ,

.
,
t o be m ade w ith thePr ovi nci al B ank which is retu rn ed w h en the abov e
'
conditiohs h av e b e en c o m pli ed w ith , b ut 1 8 for feited sh ould th e depositor

fail t oco m p l The Pr ovincial Ba 11k all o w s six per c ent per annu m on
y . .
this deposit At the end of t ivo y e ar s w h en the Justic e O

. f the Pe a ce of ,
t h e di st r ic t h a sc erti fie d th at all conditions have b een duly carried out th e ,
t itl e d e e ds a re forthc om i ng I t m ust b e di sti nctly un derstood tha t the land

.
m ust be O ccupied duri n O w L

g t he w hole of the ter m f t o y ears and c an .
still be O btained w ithin t w e l ve or fourt een leagues O f the to w n and p ort O f

Bahia Blan c a and all th e b ank s O f the nu m erous rivers in th e neighb our
,
h ood ha ve not bee nt aken up th ough w ith th e in creasing nu m b er of ne w

,
s ettlers going do w n this w ill not long b e the c ase .
I t is stat ed th at v essels of any tonnage can enter the bay an d th e r e ,
s ee m s no doubt that a good landin

g plac e m ight easily b e f ound The .
p r esent s ettle m ent 1 s c o m posed c hiefly of English m en w ho w ould w elc o m e

'
any ne w settlers and give th e m all the a ssist ance in their po w er The
, .
close proxi m ity Of th e I ndians 1 s the chief dra w b ac k but so long a s cattl e
is n ot r e ared , the re is l ittle t o te m pt the m w ithin range O f the S nider
r ifles I ndian s cannot carry corn on horseback , n either do sh eep trav el on
.
foot fast eno ugh for their purpose so th is 1 s n ov ery great i m p edi m ent a fte r
‘
all .The frontier 1 s t o b e m oved t o w ith in thirty le a gues of B ahia B lanca ,

LAND G R ANT S AT
-
13 1 111 1
1 B LAN C A . 67
‘
at th e close of this unh appy w ar , w h ich w ill giv e greatly i ncrea se d
The land an d c l im at e a re b oth ad m irably suit ed for agric ult ur e and the ,
natives gro w a gr eat deal of corn th ere alread y I t m ay b e m entioned .

,
that s carce ly three yea rs a go land c oul d b e obtained at Az ul on the sa m e

t e r m s a s at Bah ia Blanca and it n ow fetches ,
or ab out £ 8 0 0 p e r
« suert e » The latter plac e h a s the gre at a dv anta ge of a seab oar d w hil e
.
, .
all t he p roduce of the for m er h as to b e conveyed to m ark et in bull ock

c arts a t no s m a l l c ost .
Shee p —Picke d fl oc k s ca n b e boug ht at 82 0 or 3 5 4d pe r h ead a n d . .

,
fatt en w onderf ul ly o n thes e c a m ps Th ere s ee m s no reason w hy sh eep .
far m ers shoul d not b oi l do w n th ei r ow n she ep and thus net the pro fit of th e ,
s ala dero , a nd save th e great loss of grea se w hich travellin g any nu mber of , .
l eague s m ust al w ays enta il Thi s co uld the m ore e asily b e done here ,
. .
as the tra nsit is c om paratively e asy .
I ntendin g s ettlers shoul d s ec ure th e servic es of so m e good English

l aborers as native lab or is b oth s carce a nd dear T he usua l w ages a re
,
.
fro m $ 3 0 0 to $ 3 50 o r say £ 2 1 0 5 to £ 3 per m onth A stea m er runs onc e

,
. .
a m onth b et w een B uenos Ayres a nd Bahia Blanca a nd a s the r e is n o ,
opposition at present the charges a r e v ery high b ut directly th ere is

, ,
.
s uffici ent trade to m ak e one pa y it w ill not b e di fficult t o g et one on th e

,
b ert h t o m ake regula r passages at m oderate rates There is a lso a n I talian . .
s chooner w hic h m ak es fre quent trips to B ahia Bla nca br in ging up th e ,
pr oduce of t h e p lac e Bahia Blanca b.e ing s ituated so far fro m B ueno s .
A yres an d Montevideo w ill n e ver b e t rouble d by the m an y revolution s

,
.
w h ich so often oc c ur h ere w hich 1 5 of itself a great thing in it s fa vor In

,
.
th e fac e o f the b ad returns that sh e e p far m ing h as given d uring th e l ast fe w

years c o m ing settlers ought to t urn their attention in th e direction of this
,
n oted corn gro w ing district

-
.
A n English m an w ho recentl y m ade a trip to Bahia Blanca a n d Patagone s ,
describes those places a s w ell s uited for n e w s ettle rs ; his n arrative is t he

follow ing
« We started fro m B uenos A yre s i n th e stea m er Pata gones on the 1 0 t h: ,
ul t.
and after three day s of b eautiful w eather arrived at the port of B ahia
,
Blanca The en t ranc e to this plac e m ust prove a great dr a w back to its
.
f uture a dvan ce m ent as the w in dings of th e chan nel re m ind on e of tryin g

,
t o foll o w the tur ns of a corkscre w Fro m the steam er s an chorag e t o th e

'
.
’
shore appears t o be about a m ile distant b ut th e w indings of th e cre ek are ,
such that the boats have to b e ro w ed at l east a le ague Ho w ever , h a ving .
overco m e these littl e di ffi culti es , w e rea ched th e m ole (w hich is construct e d

r2
8 C O L O N I AT I O N
Z or P ATA G O N I A .
of several old bullock carts) a n d w er e kindly r e ce 1 ve d by Se nor Coront i,

,
w h o furnish ed u s w ith horse s t o pro ceed t o the to w n w hi ch is a bO ut t w O , ,
l e a gues fro m the landing plac e Ha vingt ak e n a w alk round 1 11 the ev ening
-
.
w e sa w all that is to be seen about th e to w n whi ch i s not m u ch th oi ig h , ,
there are so m e n ic e chacra s an d quint as in t he v icinity N ext m ornin g .

,
Senor CO1 ont 1 ha d h 0 1 ses ready for us and his son kin dly ac c om pan ied us a s
,
a guide to have a look at th e ca m ps on the N aposta w hich is a s m al l river

, , ,
r ising i n the i nteri m and ru nning throu gh the to w n For t w o or thre e

, .
lea gues up the str ea m th e vall ey of th e N aposta 1 8 under cultivatio n an d

n d m uch b etter
,
the w heat c rop looks very p 1 om ising The ca m ps w e fo u .
than w e h a d anticipated a nd S enor Coront i offers v er y fair ter m s t o

,
settle rs and great praise is due to hi m for the w ay in whi ch he has exert e d
,
all his energy fo1 th e adv ance m ent o f B ahia Blanca and for his unb ou nde d ,
hospitality to strangers In th e e ven ing w e w er e in troduce d to t h e

co mm andant w ho sho w ed us throu gh th e fort w hich in co m parison w ith
, , ,
th e other s w e h av e s e en 0 11 th e frontier i s certainly a m odel of neatn es s ,
and Oi de r Th e follo w ing m o 1 ning w e e m barked for Pa t a gon e s, a 11d in

.
e ighteen hours found ourselves Off the m outh of the Rio N egro ; the bar
being 1 n good o rde rfor c ro ssing w e at once ent ered this fi nest of A rgentin e
,
rivers and stea m ed up to the to w n of C a i m en o r Patagones l y ing abo ut

, ,
s even le agues fro m the m outh of the river We w ere fa vorably i m pressed .
w ith th e first appearan c e of th e c ountry The bank s on each side of th e .
l iver (w hich at the to w n is about 1 50 yards w ide ) are b eautif ull y lai d o ut ,
in ch acras quintas &c and th e trees and range of hills b ey on d re min e d

,
us m ore of the ol d co u
,
.
,
ntry than an y thing w e have as yet seen l n South

h
Am e i ica Having effecte d a la n
. ding , w hich is m uch m or e e asily aeco m
l sh e d h ere than in m ost A rgentine port s the stea m er lying withi n about
i
p ,
t en y a i ds fro m the north bank w e found that Patagones w as fa r before t h e

,
sist e 1 to w n o f B ahia Blanca in its acco mm odation for travelle r s ea ch fa mily ,
see m ing to vi e w ith th e other1 n tryi n g to m ak e stran gers feel at bo in e .
« But to resu m e our Journe

, y The next 1n ornin g ha vin
g got hOrse s from
.
,
S enor A g uirre w ho offers every assista nce to parties w ishing to 160 k a t th e

,
ca mps w e start ed up th e north side of th e river w hich for a distan c e o f

, , ,
six or seven l eag ues until you reach t he F orti n is thickly covered w ith a
, ,
’
bushy scrub the range of hills com m g do w n to th e 1 ive 1 s edg e B ut
,
.
,
after passing this , the eou n ti y o ens out into fin e le vel ca m p lyin g bet w een
the hills a nd
p
river , w hich w e found c overed w ith exc ellent p astur e
,
!th e
.
The sh e ep and cattle w ere ve ry fa t a n d the floc ks r e m arkably clean

, .
To w ards evening w e arri ve d at the Chin a Muert a estancia b elon ging to ,
Scnoi e s Reusser and Cl are z , w h e r e w e stay e d till ne xt m ornin g Thi s .

1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0 11 12 5 n o R io m aca w ,
.
69
,
e stan cia '

is of [
th e finest ;in this pa rt of t h e c ountry ; th e ca m p is
one
'
e x ce l l e nt a nd has a large riv er front g e b esides per m anent lagun as in the

‘ ’
L a ,
b ack N ext m orn in g w e r e su m ed o ur jour ney and arrive d at th e Guar dia

.
,
i n ti m e for breakfast This is a stirring littl e place there b eing n o less

.
,
tha n six stor e s all of w hich see m t o do a strong trade w ith the I n dian s ;
,
s everal ta m e tribes of t he latter l iv e in th e vicinity and are constantly t o ,
b e seen g oing about in th eir nativ e co st ume of q uillangos The sa m e

‘
.
’
e vening w e arrived at t he esta ncia o f four S cotch m en th e first of our ,
c o untrym en settled in th is quarter , and w ho w ith their proverbial hosp i , ~
t al ity in sisted on o ur m aking this our head q uarters during our stay
,
We .
w ere happy to s ee that though but l at e l v st arte d th ey h ad m ade v ery fair

progress and w ere looking forw ard t o good r eturns
,
.
«We c rossed the Rio N egro at th e G uardia and s w a m our horses over , ,
a nd then rod e up so m e four leagu es to th e tolderia of th e I n dia n caciqu e ’
Sa ih ue que w ho had j ust a rrived fro m th e Man z ana s w ith about 1 3 0 m e n

, ,
.
F ro m Buenos Ayres accounts of th es e I ndian s w e expe cted to m eet a set of .
ferocious savages and conse quently fel t rather do ubtful w hat kind of
,
r eceptio n w e sho uld get ; but w e w ere a greeably surprised to fi nd the

chief a fine looking , intelligent and altogeth er superior m an w ho rec eiv ed
, ,
u s ve ry kin dl y W e spent a couple of h ours w ith h im squatte d in front of

.
,
h is toldo a nd b efore le aving w e purch a s ed a fe w skins &c fro m the m ,

ned highly delighted with our vi sit T o a stranger an I ndia n
, ,
.
a n d r etur
,
.
,
‘
tolderia or enca m p m ent w ith its huts of guan aco skins and its s w arthy
’
inhab ita n
, , ,
ts var iously e 11 ga ge d7 —so me cook ing so m e bringing fire w ood , ,

H
~
oth ers sleeping and th e w o m en se w ing t h e q uil l an gos w ith Ostrich

,
s ine w s —th e w ar lanc es stuck in the earth i n front of th e t ents and the
i mm ens e n u m b er of horse s feed in g over th e plains i s altog eth er a n

,
im posing an d interesting sight The se I n dians do not dist urb t h e coun t ry

'
.
,
as i n the northern provin ces but co m e in q uarterly for th e ration s allo w e d

‘
t o the m by the G overn m ent , and ther efo r

, ,
e it is t o th eir interest to keep

t he m selves q uiet .
« R eturnin g t o th e nort h side w e ro de up so m e e ight lea g u es further on

,
.
Here aslo w er do w n the ca m ps w ere in excellent condit ion

’
The rincon s ‘
for m ed by the river are v ery nu m erous a nd well s u

, .
,
ited for agric u lture, ,
this IS ca rried on to a go o d exten t in the dis trict both sides of the ri ve r ,
b e ing un der cultivation , an d t he w h eat crOp s l ook ing very pro m ising Th e .
n ext day n ha y ing sai d good by e to our count r m en w e a ga in crossed th e

y , :
r iver at the Guard ia return ing t o the t o w n on the sout h side Her e th e
, ,
.
camp l ooked be a ut iful h and w as of m uch larger ext ent than that on th e
n orth side , the hills b eing v ery far frOm th e rive r .
7 0 c onom iu l ou‘or
(cThe RioNeg ro is w el l w o oded o n both Sl de S and st udded her e and

'
t here w ith islands so m e of w hi ch are under Cult i, vati on and others covere d ,
w ith trees a d ding m uch b eauty to the s cenery

, ; in fact the vie w fro m ,
s o m e of the high er
p oints of the hills l ookin gup the ri ver w e h ave seldo m
'
, ,
s een equalle d Th e ri ver see m s to vary v e i y little in breadth and fro m

.
g ood authority w e lea rn that it has b een n avig at ed for forty leag ues highe r
u p by a pilot bo at dra w ing four or fi ve feet of w ater b ut unless prope l le d
; ,
by stea m thi s navigation m ust be tedious on ac co unt o f the strong current

, ,
r unnin g do w n » .
E NG LI SH TH E E GR O
’
snr r nnn s ON 11 1 0 N .
Advi ces from the Rio Negro to Septe m ber 1 8 6 8 ar e as follo w s ,
« The E nglish settlers ar e going o n very prospero usly and are pl an ting ,
w heat in larg e quantities at the sam e tim e th ey have sheep an d c attle

‘
.
,
Messrs Fraze rand Co have a league of excellen t lan d on the bank s of

"
. .
,
t he RiO —Negro in a
’
rincon for m e d by a bend of the strea m , about
,
‘
t hirteen le agues above Patagones ; they h ave so w n fifty f negas of w heat

a ,
w hich at p i e se n t looks beautiful and next year they inten d layin g th e ,
w hole of their l and under the sa m e crop Three fam ili es for m er l y of th e .
C h up a t W elsh C olony are settled about t w elv e leagues higher up than

,
F raz e r 3 ; their w he at 1 5 also in excell ent Con dition In fact the w hole
’
.
,
c ountry look s bloo m ing w ith corn fields at greater 0 1 le sser interv als, an d
t h e Rio Negro 1 s rap idly beco m ing a w heat count ry Engl ish ine n arrive at .
’
P atagones by every Stea m er to l ay do w n w heat , as land 1 3 ve ry ch eap ; and ,
there IS no fear of Indians Gov ern m en t g rant s of l and m ay b e had higher .
up the river and Messrs : A guirre and Murga are sendin g do w n

’ '
,
at on ce , ,
a l itt l e st ea m er dra w ing three feet of w ater for t h e n avi gation of the
'
,
i
Rio Nee gro messrs Kin caid ha ve also a fi ne e st a 11 cia n in e t e e ii lea gues
'
‘
. .
,
fro m P atagon es w her e they are al s opla n tin g w he at a nd have soin e sheep
, ,
a n d cattle besides a splendid quinta The govern m ent h a s r es o

,
lv ed to .
l
p ac e 1 50 0 m e n on the Rio Negro fronti er and the fi rst b atch of 1 5 0 gbe s
. ,
do w n i m m ediatel y. Th is sho w s that om legislators attach due i mportance

'
to the rising colony m w hich E nglishm en are b eco m ing the c hi ef settle rs
,
.
W e understand there 15 a proj ect before t h e Cha m bers for a rail w ay fro m '
Patagones to Sal inas , for the conveyance of s alt to the seaboard The .
fl our m ill n ow b u
-
ilding on the banks of the R io N egro abo ut five l eagues ,
fro m Patagones , w il l b e con clude d before the end of the year an d w i ll

, ,
p rove a great boon to the to w n a s h itherto the w heat had t o be groun d ,
b y han d »
A .
EN G LI SH ME N A T B AHIA B LAN CA . 1
F O RE I GN SE TT LE R S AT B AH I A B LAN CA .
Th e fo l l o w ing ar e the na m es of the princi p al foreign sett lers at Ba hi a

Bl an ca Those m arke d w ith a n asterisk are alr eady occupy ing th e
land
Arthur M ildred an d
*
P de Montravel , .
,
*
J 13 111 0 11 2 E nglish lab orers , J Corbyn .
,
,
,
*
‘
F us o mi Brothers , J H E d w a rds , J Barber . . .
,
W illia m Perkins ,
‘
*
Georg e Claraz B J Grenie ,
. .
,
‘
J Arnold
.
,
H Hentze F Dani el .
, .
,
W ebb
*
*
John S incla ir Ri char d N e w ton ,
,
.
*
Bichard Tillard , J Schuriz E Herbe rt
.
,
.
,
*
S J Eyre
. . H W Goodh al l
,
A H uber . .
,
.
,
*
John Mildred F S m il es
,
L Ja cob .
,
.
,
E P Goo dh al l ,
. . Re v Mr Po w ell J J a cca r, . .
,
.
Brya n S m ith T Fa l lon

,
J J ock e z
.
,
. .
The greater n um ber o f the E nglish port io n of the ab ove ar e settled on

the b ank s of a r iver , kn o w n as the S au ce Grande situated ab out ten le ague s ,
fro m Ba h i a Blan ca to the n orth “They have so m e t w enty five s quare s o f

,
-
land under cultivation s o w n w ith w heat , b arley an d m aiz e —t his bein g

t heir firs t year—an d w e m a y l ook for w ard to seeing t hr ee tim es this exten t
, ,
of c am p t urned up for next se as on .
By the c o m m en ce m ent of 18 6 9 a l arge bri ck b ui l t es ta ncia h o us e w il l be - -
fi nishe d and before June next t w o oth e r s m al l er ones

,
.
W e have great h ope s o f the n e w ly elec te d President Se nor Sarm i en to -

, ,
an d tr ust h e 1 m a y afford us the pro t e ction that is alone w ant e d t o m ake this
pa rt o f t h e Be p ubl ic a m ost prosperous di strict He m a y re st a ssure d tha t
‘
.
-
,
v
Eu rope a n co m b ine d w ith capita l w i ll acc o m plish the w ork of ,
civi lisa tion if it i s onl y allo w ed t o run its co ur se un m oles t ed and in a very
‘
, ,
.
short sp a ce of ti m e w il l change a co m p aratively w aste corner of t his

i
; pr o vin ce into a thriv ing a nd p op ul a te d country .

HE
. I . l 1 ; 1 l
72 T 11 1 0 DE LA 11 m m .
(H f
"oi
m n: PL hTA AND '
TRIBUTA IES B .
R iver Pla te is one of the l on g est rivers 1 n th e w orld includin g its t w o

‘
THE ‘
,
great tributaries the Para n

,
a an d U rugua y Su ffi ce it to say that th e
'
.
travel l er can t ak e ste am er at Montevideo and a sc e nd w ithout inte rruptio n

‘
t o the capital of Matto Grosso } a dista nce of ov er t w o thousa nd mile s .
At Montevid eo the ri ver is ab o ut 7 5 m ile s w ide b ut the water is br ackish : ,
at B uenos Ay r es the w ater is q uite fr e sh , and the river i s 2 8 m ile s w ide

‘
.
Tw e ht y m ile s above Bu eno s Ayres we arrive at t h e j unction bf the Paran a

and Uruguay . The lo w er Paran a i s abo ut 900 m iles long fro m it s
‘ ’
: “
e m bouchure near San Fern and o u
, ; p to the Tres B o cas ,
ab ove Co rrie nte siz
t h e upper Paran a fro m th e Tre s Bo ca s to the Salt o de Guay ra i s onl y

,
r
n avigab l e for s m al l b oats The Paragua y river , w hi ch debou ches into t h e

.
Paran a at Tres Bocas is navigable a s far a s th e Cuyab a : on this latter

,
strea m i s b uilt a city of the sa m e na m e , re sidence o f the Braz ilian

a uthorities of Matto G rosso about m iles above the city of Asunc ion
, ,
th e capital of Paraguay The Uruguay is ordinarily navigable on l y as high

.
as Salto , but i n fl ood ti m es the stea m ers as cen d the r ap ids and go up t o
-
Uruguayan a and San Borj a , in t he Brazilian p rov1 nce of Rio Grande The .
Bio Negro is on e of the chie f a lll ue nt s of the Uruguay ; the S ala do of t he

Paran a ; and the Ve rm e j o, Te biquari, and Pil com ayo fal l into the Paraguay .
4 TH E LA P LA T A .
the Paraguayan w ar this has been the chief port for ship m ent of horse s The .
barran cas on our le ft ar e pre cipitous ,a nd h ere a nd t here cro w ned w it h

a hut or om b u tree till w e rea ch -
,
Bara dero : this is another s m al l port co m prising 1 0 5 h ouses a chur ch , , ,
and a n unfinish e d school house The plac e der ives s om e i m portance fro m -
. .
a : flourishing S w iss colony The depart m ent co m prise s ninety t w o

'
-
.
e stan cias , of w hich s even belong t o Irish m en : the largest propri etor i s
D Patri cio Lynch
. .
S an Pedro IS a better to w n than the prec eding and l o oks w ell fro m t h e ,
rive 1 : it ha s a ne w ch urch fi fty six rateabl e houses and t w o p ubli c , ,
s ch ools D Martin Pa ga rdoy keep s a good inn and i s favorabl y know n t o

. .
,
all the Irish sh e e p fa rm e rs A little above San Pedro is the pa ss o f .
O bligado w here the E nglish and Fre n ch cut the chain pla ce d acro ss the
,
r i ver by Bosas Higher up is the fin e est anc 1 a of Isla vallol a t a point of

. .
, ,
the river called R in con de L as Her m an as after w h i ch w e p ass t h e ,
Bin c on R am allo .
S an Ni col as IS the last to w n in the territory of Buenos Ay ros ; it i s a

plac e o f so m e i m porta nce , having rec eived th e ra nk of c ity w ith a ’ ‘
,
popul ation of about soul s ; It has 3 0 0 r ateable h ouse s besides Mr ,

.
Arm strong s valuab l e m ill It i s th e centre of a distri ct w hi ch c o m prise s

’
.
sixty fi ve estancias and an u m ber of chacras under w heat

-
,
.
'
By daybre ak w e are coasting the territory of S anta Fé a nd in l ess than ,
t w enty four h ours fro m our departure fro m Buenos Ayres w e are in sig h t
-
" ’
of R o s ario : t he st e am e r goe s alo ngsid e a w harf there b ein g deep w at er '
,
c l ose to shor e .
Rosario is the great o u

0 .
tlet of the upper Pro vinces , and w ill shortly be

connected by rail w a y w ith Cordob a the chief city of the inter ior th e “ ,
t rade of th e port has m uch i ncrease d of late ye ars OSp e cia l l y since t he . ,
1
be ginning of t he Centr al Argentine Rail w ay The b arran ca is so high .

‘ ’
t hat there is no v ie w of the place till you reach the Call e Pu er to It is a ‘

.
'
w e l l b uilt to w n c overin g 1 5 0 c uadr as or blo cks ; w ith a p bp ul a t ion o f

-
2 0 0 0 0 so uls,
Th e plaza p ari sh ch ur ch custo m hous e, m arket pla ce an d
.
, ,
- -
,
J ardi n de Re creo are w orthy of notice : the theatre w a s r ecently bur nt

'
'
d o w n The rail w ay term inu s and w orkshops a t t he North end w ill rep ay
.
a v isit : The to w n also possesses t w o m il l s , three sala deros t w o cem eterie s

‘
’ ,
(for Catho l ics and Protestants ) a public hosp ital an A m er ican chap el an d , ,
s ch ool an d gas w ork s in c o urse of erection , There are som e good hot e l s
,
-
and c o ffee ho uses Me ssr s K eane and Soa m e s ,-

e n t s for the Sta nda rd
. .
or
,
.
w il l g ive stra ngers any infor m atio n they m a y re quire
.
Mr H utchinson . .
H B M Consul , l ives b eyond the ra il w ay ter m in us

. . . E x cursions m ay b e . ,
nosxnro TO P ARAHA 75
1 -
.
m a de b y rail to the Englis h settle m ent at F rayl e Mue rt o or onh orseback

t o th e fine E nglish esta n cias in the v all ey of Pavo n
of 11 0 5 511 10 ; see the ch apter o n Sant a F e pr ovin ce
For furt her part icul ar s
'
.
.
“ ,
O n leaving Rosario the first thing t hat c al ls attention i s Mr Wh eel

,
.
1
w right s m ole for landing m ateri a ls for the C ord o ba rail w ay ; th ey h av e cut
’
a w a y the barran ca and erecte d works p roj ectin g into the river W e
‘ ’
.
n ext pa ss Ur ui
q z a s saladero and ’
another a sh ort distance higher
,
u p Th e .
Parana is here very w ide at le ast y ards a nd t he current r uns t hr e e

, ,
m iles an hour the w ater be in very deep in t h e channels T h e islan ds o n

g , .
all sides are l ow a nd slightly w oo ded an d w e ca n see the m a inland on ,
either side .
About six leagues abo ve Ro sa rio w e si g ht the edi fic e o f Sa n L oren z o ,
w ith its tapering belfry and larg e co n vent This w a s erected by the .
F ranciscan m ission aries ye ars gone by w ith the probable v ie w of for m in g

, ,
a nu cle us of c i viliz ation on the frontier of th e Indian territory an d i s ,
e xc ell ently a dapte d for a rive r po rt having a s m all cove hard by Th e .

,
cove all uded t o w as th e scene of t h e first struggle for South A m eri ca n

,
in dependenc e ; General San Mart in (I8 1 0 ) here atta cke d a S pan ish forc e
w hich a tte m pted to land defeating t he m w ith a h andful o f c avalry
,
.
The high land on our le ft s oo n m er ge s int o a net w ork o f islands th e ‘
deep w ater channe l sk irting along the opposite co ast w h i ch p resents a ,
n um be r of inlet s th rough w hich w e get glim pse s o f w oo d and dal e

, ,
p e rfectl y charm ing in contr ast w i th the s l opin g barra n cas of s and stone
,
-
"
“
or tosc a The so il of th ese generall y presents to the eye a sup e rfi cie s of
.
,
‘
l uxuriant gra ss ; or thick shrubbe ry ; and casually a grove of t rees ,
re se m bl in g the olive at a dist ant v ie w ; The se ction m ade i n suc cessiv e

,
a ge s by t he rive r show s a v a rie ty of geologi ca l strata A thick lo am y ,

‘
‘ ‘ ‘
, ,
.
,
dark soil of six or ei ght feet co vers a layer of sand be neath w h i ch l atter
, , , ,
the hard tos ca stret ches d ow n to the water s ed ge the b as e be in g l ine d or

'
’
-
interspersed w ith san d heaps fra gm ents of b oul ders or tr unk s of up , ,
rooted tree s .
The ap pro a ch to Paran a is h ighly picture s que : t ow ering bluffs of red

,
sa n dfst one h ere and there relieve d b y a w il d fu rz e of deep g ree n the

'
'
, ,
e ffe ct be ing very p l e a sing to t he eye There are several lim e kilns al on g .
-
the E nt re Rian o c oa st as the sand here m akes excellent l im e : it lo ok s lik e

,
t osca and the li m e appea rs o f the best qu a lity it s sn ow y h eaps stu ddin g
'
, ,
the bea ch About a m ile belo w Pa r an a are som e h ul k s us ed for coa l

’
'
.
,
deposits The t o w n of Paran a i s not v isible fro m the landing place Th e

.
-
.
scen ery of this part o f t he river all the w a y fro m R osario is interest ing , , ,
bu t there is a so l e m n stil l ness on these r ivers that al m o st oppres ses you .

76 TH E RIO o n L A LPL ATA .
W hen w e l ose sight of the bluff on w hich R osario stands the coast of Entre ,
'
Rios is not “ vis ibl e , w h ile that of Santa F é gradua l l y decline s to w ards 1the ,
'
w ater s level
’
Here and there a st ra y ranch o ind icates that pastor al avo ca
.
.
tions are n ot quite ab andoned , in a provin ce w hi ch has been redu ced al m ost
t o destitution b y b ei ng th e t h e a t re of s0 m a ny w ars At ti m es also w e se e ‘ ’
'
a s m all group of horses or horn ed cattle ; w hi ch h a ve m ade their w a y do w n

o n e of the fis sures caused b y rains or inundat ions t o drink the m e ll i fl uous ,
w at e r , w hich possesses m any grateful a nd 1 sa l ubriou s q u a l it ie s Befor e ~

. .
l ong the islands 0 11 our right w ill have dis appeared and the cont inuous lin e
, , ,
of a h old barrier on either side , sh o , w s that the curre n t here i s uninterrupted ,
and consequently runs w ith tre m endous for ce , the strea m being about “
t w o m iles w ide .
O n arriving at Pa ra n a th e stea m er 1 s usually boarded by th e a gent Mr ,

.
L orenz o M yers a veteran English m an of seventy seven su m m er s r esident

:
,
-
,
in th e R iver Plate since the year of Indep enden ce 1 &i6 He is a hal e .

,
,
a ctive , old m an and has b een an eye w itness of the nu m berless vi cissitudes
,
-
o f th e R epubli c durin g the last h al f century Paran a w a s th e c apital of the .
, Arg entine R epublic d uring nin e y e a rs from the fall of R os as till the b attle h
o f Pavon (Septe m b e r 31 7 , The C ustom h ouse is a t t h e foot of th e -

,
'
. .
«
b arranca » a nd a steep roa d l e a ds up to t h e to w n F irst is t h e C hur ch o f
, . . .
.S an Miguel , co m m e nced fifteen years a go but abandon ed w h e n half buil t .

,
"
,
.
,
and no w a ref uge for a l l kinds of ver m in

, ,
ho w ever, t w o good .
ch u rch es i n th e to w n and th es e are quit e e n ough a s the pop ulation doe s ,

'
n ot exceed 8 The grand plaz a IS very p retty , and the buildings on a ll

it s side s m ode r n a nd tasteful m ost of t he m h aving been constructed under
.
Presidents ; Urquiz a and Derqui The old Govern m ent ho us e; i s n ow

. .
-
,
c eded t o Dr Fi tzsim ons for a college
. The L egislative 1 Ch am bers
. .
~
'
“ ’
a re a fin e ran ge , occupying t h e nort h side : th e Pre si de nt s 1 p al ace al so
t
'
.
m erits attention , Bu t t he ;sceptre

. of
, m etrop o lita n s w ay i s gon e ; Paran
. a
is n ow all b ut desert ed , th e only signs of vital ity being a n e w spaper

,
. ,
.
a n d a theatre so m eti m es visited by strolling players The club hou se is, .
h t h greatest m onu m ent of d e solation : th e ball roo m has been ou t

p e r ap ; g e
-
. s ,
int o t w o bed cha m bers and a kit che n , for a coffee house th e billiard r oo m
‘
'
- -
- -
,
r e m ain s gof
‘
a n d reading saloon are let out to a h air

'
, .
for m e r gr e atn es s .
stea er plies acro s th e river to Sant a F e city re ark ab le f r i t

A s m o s
'
-
m ,
a nt iq ui t y a nd m any fine churches A n u m ber of i slands 1

. nt e r ve n e ,, co m
p l e t e l y sh u tt in'
g it out f ro m vi e w :
L e aving Para n a w e a re forc ed to m ak e a circuit of a coup l e of m il es , t o ,

. ,
'
a void the b ank w

'
h ich ; h a s alr e ady near l y clos e d up t h e port The firs t ,
.
,
m am } . TO LA PAZ . 77
ob j ect o f inte rest is th e sal ader obuilt by Messrs S e norans w it h fi rst cl as s .

,
ste am ow er a ttac hed The m ain stream w ashes the banks of E ntr e R ios
p
-
,
.
and o n our l ight is a v as t arch ipelago on whose islands th er e is littl e ,
ti m ber but a stron g l uxuriant gl ass w hich i s sol d in P a r a n a for fodder

, ,
.
T here IS a m a rk e d i m prove m ent in th e sc enery a m i d a suc cession of gentl e .
u ndulations on the right th e ey e w anders over a rich cha m paign c oun tr y

, ,
presenting m uch the idea of an E ngl ish pa 1 k or de m esne Groups of nobl e .
trees like oaks break the surfa ce of a ve 1 da n t vegetation and Natur e h a s

, , ,
o utdone the fancy w ork of a landsc ape gardener in th e rich variation of

t ints and folia g e th e graceful outlin es of hill a n d vale th e stately for m s o f
, ,
in e a 11 d alg a rrob a w hic h every m o m ent present th e m selves

p _ _ ,
.
Five l eagues fro m Paran a we sight a cl us te r of ra n ch e s c alled « Th e ,
sp aniards th e o w ners o f w h ich us ual ly hoist their flag to salute v essel s

,
passing b y Behind this little settle m ent w hich is occupi ed in cutt in g

. ,
ti m b er is th e col ony of Villa Urqu iz a w her e great efforts w ere m ade t o

, ,
plant cotton in 1 8 6 4 A little fu rth er w e m eet a plac e w here bo ats usuall y

.
cross over to Santa F é takin g h orses in t ow Thes e ani m als s w i m m uc h

,
.
b et ter than 1 n E urop e and it w ill b e r e m e m b ered that U rq uiz a has se vera l
,
ti m es pa sse d at the Dia m ant e an arm y of c avalry for w hich Hannibal w oul d ,
h a ve re quire d raft s o r bridges Dia m ante IS so m e le a gues belo w Paran a,

.
an d is n ow deserted .
’
Tw o h ours sail beyond Villa Urquiz a brings us to a p l ace ca lled Conchill as ,
w here w e p erceive an e st anci a ho use al m ost surround e d by tree s -

Nex t .
appears a lonely hut , co m m anding a gr a nd vie w fro m the barran ca a nd th e ,
a dj uncts of a cattle corral a nd s m al l po rt sho w that ani m als are here

e m b arked for the saladeros .
At C errito w a s th e fin e estanc 1 a o f an Eng l is hm a n th e late Mr Henr y , .
Vidal Here it w as that during the ca m pa ign of Paz and L avalle aga ins t
.
R osas th e C orr entino ar m y under General Ferré abandon ed the liberatin g

, ,
c ause and returne d by land to Corrientes o w ing to l oc al dissensions 111

, ,
that provinc e The cliffs a ga in approa ch t h e w ater b ut instead of sand or

.
tosca w e have argil l ac eous deposits of red an d purp le c olors w hich ar e ,
s aid to b e v ery valuabl e for d y es altho ug h not turned to use as no on e , ,
s ee m s to interest h i m se l f in the specu l atio n H appil y ther e i s no j eal ou s .

,
guardian of w oods and forests and several s m al l sk iffs in yonder island ar e

,
loading ti m ber w hich is had for the cuttin g These w ood cutters are
,
.
-
Ital ians w h o t rade w ith Buenos Ayr es and the G enoese m ay be said t o
, ,
m onopolise the s m all t ra flic of thi s river The river now b reaks into a . .
variety of channels an d the pilot has so m eti m es to take soun din gs W e

,
.
c annot se e t he G ran Cha co , fro m w hich w e are separated by nu m ero u s

.
78 TH E 11 1 0 DE LA PLA T A .
1 r
islands , teem in g w ith tigers and s m all crocodil es ; the l atter are c all e d
c aym ans and l e se m bl e w hat n aturalist s te i m the
,
iguana Ti m es have ‘
.
’
cha nged w on de rfull y since t w enty years ago , w hen the v oyage fro m Bueno s
A yies to Paraguay o ccupie d half a year The Italians first introduced an
.
im prove m ent , m aking t w o or three trips annually an d the int r odu ction of ,
stea m ers soon reduced the voyage to a fe w day s Still the w indings o f .
,
th e r iver frequen cy o f sandbank s , a nd for ce of the current call for the

'
, ,
m ost constant attention a nd going « aguas arrib a » is rath er tedious for

,
those w h o are not ad m irers of the beautiful a n d pi cturesque Tradition .

.
s ay s that th e first Sp ani sh expedition to Paraguay p assed m ore th a n t w elv e
m onths in exploring the lon g an d tortuous cours e of th e Par an a for ,
al though the direct dis tan ce is only m iles the w a y is rendered very ,
m uch l onger by the ne cessity of crossing and re crossing fro m on e side -
t o the other Certainly th e adventurous s et tlers of the sixteenth century

.
w ere m e n of surpassing energy an d p erseverance It is i m pos sible for u s .

.
to for m an ide a of the hardships and d anger st hey m ust hav e gone thro ugh
p enetratin g to th e v ery c entre o f th e Contin e nt to establish a m etropolis
a m id the w oods a nd w ilds of a n unk no wn co untry Such a sthey the n
‘ '
look ed upon th e se cliffs an d is l ands they are to day for Natur e in her -
, ,
s i m plest a ud r ude st garb still holds undisputed s w ay in these s 1 lent

,
r egions .
F or thousands of a ges this m ighty ri ver has fl owe d on to th e sea , ,

,
a n d yet it is exactly th e sa m e as w hen first C i e a t ion da w ne d upon the
u ni vers e The arts or s ci en ce of m a n are n o w her e visible for hundre ds of

.
m iles a n d the various la yers of soil for m in g the islan ds only sho w tha t
,
d uring nu m b erl ess generations t h e stre am has contin ued to c ar 1 y do w n it s

d eposits till they have ris en ab ove th e sum ounding flood decked o ut in a l l ,
th e char m s of tropi cal iN ature w ith trees of v arious kin ds m ost of th e m

, , ,
p rob ably yet unknow n to botanists A thick j ungle of m ar shy grass an d

,
.
e ntangle d under w oo d , w hich al m ost defie s th e ent rance o f m an affords a ,
s ecure and favorite asylu m for tiger s serp ents , and alligators except w hen
, ,
the current rises to the tops of the trees an d a broad sheet of w ater ,
s tret che s f1 om e ith er m ainland to the opposite side Th en m a y b e see n .
the tigers s w i m m ing across , w i th po w erful strokes , perfec tly heedl ess of
a nd un m oved by the rap id w hirlpools In m any places the casual g roupings
.
'
of folia ge , broken h e re a nd there by l o ire

‘
rivu l ets w hich te m pt you t o

f ol lo w their m ysterious recesses ,present a picture such a s Salvator Rosa
'
or Claude Lorra in never sa w even i n fan cy It is a pity to think that .
these is l ands are never to be turned to any purpose or defended against th e

t orrent , for th e so il is so l oose that it w i ll hol d no structure The bed of .
.
m z re c o n . 9
t he strea m h as changed often,and so m e to w n s ere cte d on it s ban k s are n ow

a l m o st ina ccessible so m an y islands in tervene
,
.
’
Abo ut t w elve hour s sail fro m Par a n a is L a Paz , near th e b orders o f
Corrientes : the to w n i s a poor place but so m e leagues inl and i s a fine ,
e sta nci a belonging to Mr Ha y croft and m anage d by Dr Gibb ings L eaving

.
,
. .
L a Paz w e have th e sa m e gen er al feat ure s al ready described For so m e

,
.
di stan ce the river spre ads out to an am az in g w idth th e coast being on eac h ,
side very l ow and l ine d w ith t im ber Ab out t w enty fi ve le agues above
,
.
-
L a Paz w e co m e to the m outh of the Arroyo E sp inil l o w h ich is the frontier ,

‘
’
l ine bet w een E ntre Rios an d Corrientes O n Capta in Page s m a p it i s .
m a rke d Sarandi or Guayquiraro w hich falls into th e for m er : it i s not ,
n avigable .A gain there i s a nu m ber o f these delightful islands revellin g ,
in all the b eauty of tropica l vege ta tion w ith p al m etto trees and a p l a nt , ,
b e a ring golden leav es easily m i s t aken for oranges But w h at do w e se e

,
.
o n the m argin of the Gran C ha co in yonder isl an d ? So m e huts of pal m ,
trees s car ce l arge enough t o h old a m an at ful l l ength

,
They are th e .
abode of so m e darin g w ood cu tt ers unde t erred by the t igers w hich s w a rm

-
, ,
h ere about or the distance fro m any trace of h um an l ife The savages o f
’
.
,
t h e Cha co never co m e do w n here as they h ave p l enty of m e an s to p ursue ,

.
the ir o cc u pations of hunting fi sh ing or w o od c utting on the fp ainl and

, ,
-
A
.
E very fe w m inutes w e cross the r iver w hich i s here about a m ile w ide , ,
a n d v ery shall o w The co ast o f C orrientes i s l ow but well w ooded a nd

.
, ,
y onder i s a little h ut elevate d on oles and ith a t il e r o f hi ch

‘
p , w o w , ,
a n s w er s as the Capitani a del P uerto for E squina this to w n being hal f a .

,
l eague distant on th e m a inl and .
E squina is a w ell b uilt to w n of 1 2 0 0 1 0

-
inhabitants situate o n a n
, ,
e m inence at a bend of th e R iver C orrientes near its confl uence w i th th e ,
Paran a It p osse sse s a good church publi c sch ools j uz gado a nd othe r
.
, , ,
e difi ces extending along the cre st of th e h i

, . ll for ab out a m il e most o f the , ,
h ous e s having azote as w ith w ide veran da h s for sh e lter against th e r ays of
,
-
an al m ost tropical sun The surrounding country is re m arkable for its

. ,
e xce l lent pasture and the inhabitants are w ealthy cattle breede rs shee p
,
-
,
b eing co m p aratively fe w Mr Hayes the so n of a n A m eri can is the on ly

. .
, ,
foreign resident i n the to w n In the year 1 8 3 8 Mr Hayes s father killed a

. .
’
serpent w hich m e a sured t w e l ve feet in length and fifteen in ches in circum

feren ce a nd on Openin g the m onst er three hens see m ingly uninj ured
, , , , ,
w ere found in its stom ach : h e s ent the skin t o th e United States w here it ,
w a s stuffed and is still to be seen

,
The bite of th ese reptiles i s not fatal .
.
T here is an abundanc e o f tigers about here and so m e years a go a w asher ,
w o m an w as devoured near the r iver The Custo m hous e , or Aduana , is .

-
80
‘
TH E 11 1 0 D E LA ru n .
a s m all w ooden hut e l evated on poles t en feet above the stream i n a n , ,
i sland hal f a league distant fro m th e to w n Vessels call s o rarely that .
someti m es no officials visit th e pla ce for se ve 1 al days It happened som e .
t i m e b ac k th at a riest w a s left here by th e Paraguay stea m er and bein g

p
unable to thread h is w a y through t h e th i ck ets an d cross the riv ulets h e )
,
resolved t o p ass the night her e : so m e hungry tigers pro w ling abo ut
' '
s m elled hu m a n fle sh and sa crilegiously resolve d t o m ake a m eal of him “

.
,
T he priest taking alar m s cram bled up on the roof and sat on the tiles unti l ,
.
d aybreak As there w a s no steam er expe ct d to arrive the usual

e
.
,
p assenger b oat did not co m e do w n the arroyo and one of the w ild beast s ‘
,
’
k ept w atch belo w thi nking the stra nger m ight be driven by h u nger to run
,
t he g aunt l e t and m ake to w ards to w n In this m anner the poor priest .
passed t w o a w f ul days and nights before he w as relieved fro m his p eril ou s

post Th e Gran Chaco continues on o ur le ft in its savage grandeur an d
.
, ,
the scenery i s m uch the sa m e as w e have passed except that the th ickets ,
h ave gro w n into forests ,the trees liftin g th e in m a ssive bran che s to a gre at
'
height : they are mostly v ery straight and covered w ith a dark green or
light bro w n foliage At intervals the sandy beach is stre w n w ith w ith er e d
.
a nd uproo te d trunk s highly usefu l for shipbuilding

,
.
Six l ues ab ov e E squina w e pass Costa T ala w here the strea m at tain s
‘
a n enor m ous w idth Ca rp inch os or se a h ogs now sho w the mselves on t h e

.
river bank , disporting in the grass Higher up on our left a shor t

-
.
,
d istan ce in l and are the ruins of t w o Jesuit m issions Concepcion a n d

, ,
S J e ronim o the second near a strea m called Arroyo de l Rey

.
,
.
By daybreak w e are i n sight of Goya , w here a h ut stands on t he e dge o f

an island , acting both a s C usto m ho use and landing place for pas sengers -
.
About the co m m en ce m ent of the present century , the site now o ccupied by
the to w n of Goya w a s a cattle far m o ccupie d by a Portuguese w ho se w i fe
'
w a s nam ed Gregori a fa m il iarly contracted into Goya Here th e ship s

‘
.
.
,
‘
passing used to c all for beef and the position w a s so favorable that t h e
'
Govern m ent resolved to b uild a to w n th ereon Goya is c apital of t h e .
richest district in the province a n d one of the finest to w ns on the Par ana
,
,
.
The houses are o f brick and th e p opulation exceed s three th ousa nd ,

,
in cl udin g a l arge foreign ele m ent of Italians Bas ques and Fren ch Th e ,
pl aza 1 5 very h andso m e , w ith a pyra m id in the cent 1 e fi fty feet high on , , ,
'
o n e side an d a ch urch not y e t fi 11 ish e d
,
0 f gran d di m ensi ons the cost , ,
being e sfim at ed at $ 1 50 0 0 0 5 contribute d by l o cal subscription Th e

,
. .
chief a uthority is a Ge fe Politic o and there is also a Judge of 1 9 Instancia ;, .

°
There are t w o priest s a n d seven doctors : Dr Ne w k irk a Canadian i s i n

,
.
, ,
good pr actice Th e re are nation a l fre e schools fo r both sexe s Most o f

. .
82 T HE 111 0 111; LA P LA T A .
the Braz ilian iron cl ads l n for cing th e p ass Here , in the year 1 8 2 5 befor e .
,
t he n e ighbm iug to wn of Bella Vi sta w as for m ed , lived i n utte rs olitude a

P ortuguese esta ncier ona m ed Cueva , w hose cattle te m pted the r a pa city o f
t h e Ch a co Indians A band of these de adly savages on t w o o ccasions
'
.
, ,
sw a m across the narro w p ass and attacked hi s house Th e fearless ol d .
m an a n d his son gav e the Indians a gall ing re ception f1 om a skylight a nd

~
w indo w through w hich they fired a s fa st as t he daughters c ould loa d t he

,
b lunderb usses , and thus succeeded i n driving the m off During forty .
t l 1 re e years th ey h av e never vent ured another foray : the house and oliv e
grov e ar e d istin ctly seen fro m the r iver cro w ning a headl a nd on doublin g , ,
w hich w e have Bell a Vista in the distance And w ell does Bella Vist a .
m erit its nam e , for the next h our s s ail is one of the m ost delightful t ha t
’
c an b e i m a g ine d A cha in of steep cliffs c ut by the torrent is broken at , ,
short and reg ul ar distances b y n u m berless 1fi ssure s caused by the ra ins .
Yonder 1 s the orange grove of Mr Henry Hall w ith its dark gre en outline
.
,
a gainst th e horizon and , as w e approach , th e fi les of tree s are clearl y

,
dis cernib l e .
Bella Vista , s e a ted on a gent l e slope i n the m idst of tro pical foliage is
’
, ,
a m os t ch ar m ing pi ct ure It w a s fi1 st peopled by a settle m e nt of convi cts

.
,
s ent hi ther un der General F erre in 1 8 2 6 It n ow c ont ains ab out .
i nhabit ants h aving so m e az ote a house s a plaz a &é Nestlin g in orang e , ,

..
groves and p al m trees are several s m all huts t h 1 ow n as if by chance on th e ,
h ill si de , an d com m anding a grand vie w of the P ara na and Gran Chaco
-
.
Th e nat ive s m a y not h ave inherited the propensities of their for efath ers ,
but , certes , they are w ild l ooking fe l lo w s Bella Vist a is eighteen league s.
above Goya We se e a little above the to w n the scene of an atte m pte d

, ,
c otton p l a ntation st arted her e b y so m e enterprising A m erican s in 1 8 53

,
.
Wh ether o w i ng to a ba d selection of soil or m is m ana gem ent on the part of ,
the m ayordo m o the un dertakin g failed and w a s ab andoned A n ativ e

,
.
fa miIy n ow reside s th e re , w h o p ul led up all the cotton to sub stit u te

H
oranges We h ave to return t w o leagues to ge t th e channel and glide by ,
the Gran Chaco Now a gai n islands on w h ic h w e can see carp in ch os W e

.
,
.
are n ow 8 0 0 m il es fro m Bue nos Ayres in the heart of South A m eri ca n ,
w ilds . The ri ver is sti l l a m aj estic fl o

o d t wo m iles w ide , .
Passing E m pedrado w hi ch is hal f 1wa y b et w een Bell a V ista an d

,
-
Corri entes , we reach th e m outh of the R iach uelo fa m ous for the gre at ,
n aval battle fought her e on 1 1 th J une 1 8 6 5 , bet w een the fleets of Para guay
,
and Brazi l The for m er w a s m u ch l ess than th e l atter i n ships and w e ight
.
o f m etal b ut w a s aided by a shore b attery of forty guns

,
The struggle .
l a sted fro m dayb re ak ti l l nigh tfal l , and ended in the utter defeat of t he
‘
orr v or connm a r ns .
Paragua y ans w ho how ever displaye d great bravery : over

, , ,
m en
p erish ed in the battle th e P araguayans losing four stea m ers and the:
,
B r azilians having t hree v ess el s h m de com ba t Th e v ic inity of the .
Ria chuelo is said t o pro duce good tob acco ; and n ow w e c om e abre ast of
D o n Do m ingo L at orre s fa m ous’
q u int a w ith its orange tr ee s an d i ,

-
picturesque « montes » of c y press poplar & c This i s distant from tlre ca pita l ?
, ,
.
five leagues b y land but the w indings of the river m ak e it seven Near e r
,
.
t o Cor r ientes i s the q uin ta of the late ex President Derqui finely sit uated -
,
o n the river b ank At th is pla ce the Cha co l oo m s in th e di stan ce w ith it s

.
,
dark fringe of i m penetrable fore sts Ve ry little of Corrientes c an b e see n .
b efore la n ding or pa ssin g « aguas arriba

,
. »
C orri entes c overs a platea u elevated sixty feet o ver th e w at er level so ,
that w e can see little but th e church to w ers a n d the fe w irregul ar e dific e s-
On th e extre m e right is a graceful countr y h ous e

’
s ituate on th e slope .
-
,
belon gin g to Dr Vidal : a larg e shrubber y lea ds up to the doo r , and a

.
co rri dor all around the h ouse has an effect of co m fort an d elegance Th e .
l in e of beach i s studde d w ith d usky w asher w o m en p erfectly re gardl ess o f ,
th e fact th at the ther m o m eter stands over n inety in the shade There ar e .
s cattered frag m ents of a d ark s tone s a id to be ver y g oo d for buildin g , ,
though not m uch used ; it look s like tosca b ut i s h ard as granit e Beyon d , .
V idal s quin ta is a saladero the pre sent o w n er of w hich is a C orr entin o

’
, .
A tanning establ ishm ent and t im ber yard for m the centre of our pictur e , .
w ith the C usto m house -

Casa de Gobiern o sever al pal m ranchos an d a
, , ,
sprinkling of or an ge trees to fil l up the w hole givin g a stran ge and n ot ,
un pleasan t aspect Most of th e house s h ave corridors w hich co ver in t he

.
,
w hole footpath the w indo w s b eing barred a s in Buenos Ay res

,
No bloc k .
c an b e calle d co m plete for p al m ra nchos and orange ga r de ns ml t e rn a t e

,
w ith t i le roofs a nd azoteas The streets are about fi fty feet w ide Th e
. .
plaz a i s m u ch the sa m e as it w a s three centuries ago : on the n orth side is :
the Matriz or principal ch urch a n old edifi ce eighty yards lon g w ith a til e
, ,
r oof an d at a short distanc e a bell to w er s eventy feet high in w hi ch is th e

, , ,
tow n cl oc k The w est side contains the Ca b ildo w here th e l a w co urt s an d

.
,
p ri son ar e gu arded by a b are footed pi c quet of F ederal troops of the Lin e

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In front are t w o antique houses one of t w o stories an d th e Merc ed Ch urch

, , ,
n ot yet w hite w as hed w ith t w o belfrys and a cloister attache d for Francis c a n
, ,
friars The house o f Se nor Pam pin ex Go vern or , w ith a fe w others of les s
.
,
-
n ote m ake up the south side an d a colum n so m e sixty feet h igh stands in
, ,
th e centre o f a m ultitu de of w eeds aroun d w hich ar e w ooden p osts but 11 0

,
seats : the colu m n is s ur m ounte d by a dim inutive fe m al e ar m ed w ith a

lance , and bears the ins criptio ns , 2 5 de Mayo 1 8 10 and 9 de J ul io 1 8 1 6 ,
.
0 2
84 T HE 11 1 0 DE L A P LA T A .
O n the pedestal ar e the bus ts of four gener al s The Cabi l do is a handso m e .
struc t ure t w o stori es w ith a rches supporting a squ are tow er of Moorish
, ,
build w h ich com m ands a vie w of the country around At the Hotel Glob o
,
. .
w e c an pro cure a cle an airy apart m ent w herein to take « siesta »

,
The .
w indo w s are of stained glass w ith Venetian blinds The cm sm e IS fa ul tles s

, .
for those w h o are not squeam ish about garlic The cit y for m s a parall elo .
gra m o f sixty or seventy cuadra s but is w holly different fro m a nythin g

,
,
.
E uropean There are a bo ut

. pal m ranchos 2 0 0 til e roofs and 1 0 0 , ,
az ote as of one or t w o stories ; also fo ur steeples three m iradores six fl ag , , ,
staffs a fe w slender pal m s and a n infinity of orang e trees a m id w hich th e

, ,
.
h ouses seem to nestle for prote ction fro m the sun Corrien tes i s distan t .
2 7 0 leag ue s or 9 0 0 E nglish m ile s fro m Buenos Ayres

, , .
O n le av ing Corrientes w e can distin ctly co unt the seven currents w hich ,
giv e the city its nam e ; they are for m ed by as m any projecti ng points of
land above a place called L a Bateria a little north of the to w n W e n ow
, , .
,
approach the Tres Bo cas the con fluen ce of the rivers Paragu ay and Upper
,
P aran a The scenery about her e i s very fine The Pa ra n a t urn s off at a
. .
r ight; a ngle east w ard an d is navigable for steam ers as high a s the isl an d
, ,
.
and falls of Ap ip é At the Paso l a Patria is a ferry for c arrying over cattl e
.
i nto Para guay and the w oods 0 11 th e Corrie nte s sh or e w ere t h e scene of
,
so m e h ard fighting in January 1 8 6 6 : Nearly opposite stood the Para guay an

fort of Itapiru w hich for m erly co m m anded t he n avigation of thes e w aters :
,
it w a s des troyed by the Braz ilians in April High er up on th e _
C orrientes bank are t he vi l l a ges of Sa n C os m o Itati San Antonio an d , , ,
L oreto ; near th is last i s a ford call ed T ra nquera de L oreto O n the Para .
guayan shore the ground i s l ow m arshy and uninhabite d At Itapua the , , .
r iver giv es another ben d al m ost due north and this i s the po int w h er e th e
, ,
Paraguayans i nvaded Mis iones , in May 1 8 6 5 previous to their descent on

.
,
.
R io Grande O pposite to Itapua i s th e Paraguaya n station called Candelaria

. .
T he Paran a m ay stil l be as cended in s m all boats as high a s the great catara ct

.
of Salto de G uayra ; but th is p art of the count ry is co m par atively unexplo red .
The r uins of a to w n called Ciudad Real are still seen near the falls : fro m
,
this p oint to the Tres Bocas is a distan ce of about 50 0 miles .
E nteri ng the Paraguay river at the Tres Bocas w e pass the G uardi a ,
-
.
Cerrito w h ere the Parag uayans h ad a b at tery and in a fe whours w e re ach

, ,
C urupaity w here the Allies sustained a gr eat reverse on the 2 2 n d of

,
Septe m ber 1 8 6 6 E very inch of ground w a s here disputed w ith i m m ense

.
s acrifi ce of life during m ore th a n tw o years till the Paraguayans fin all y ,
ab andone d H um a y t a in Jul y A b end of the river reveals to u s this ,
for m idab l e posit ion , w h ich w as defend e d by case m ated batteries , torpedoes ,
6 T HE 11 1 0 DE LA PLA T A
‘
.
of L a m bar a is a s uburb t o the capital , re markab l e for it s chur ch an d

c e m etery .
O n the le ft bank 1 s the m o uth of t h e P ilco m ayo w hich rises in Bol ivia , ,
n ear the city of Ch uquisaca traverses the Gran Ch aco and after a cours e
,
,
of m iles h ere falls into the Para guay

, .
There a re t w o b atteries at the turn before w e get vie w of the arsen al

an d city of Asuncion .
Asun cion the P araguayan m etropolis , is a to w n of so m e

,
in habitants it w a s founded by a Sp a nish cap t ain n am ed Ayolas on A u gust

‘
The re are so m e splendid publi c b uildin gs and exc ellent hote l ,
a cco m m odation IS foun d at t h e Club The shops are p oor and all 1 m p 0 1 t ed
.
,
a rt icles ver
y dear The rail .w ay to Villa R ica runs through a country
u nsurpassed for scenery The tra veller w ill find m any deli ghtful arides i n
.
t h e environ s of As uncion an d h e sho u ld take a bath before sunrise at the

,
C horro A des cription of the city and people w ill b e gi ve n at full i n th e

.
s ect ion of th is w ork devoted to Paraguay .
As cending th e river to Matto Grosso the first place b eyon d Asun c ion 1 8 ,
Villa O ccidental on the Chaco side w here a Fren ch col ony w a s establish ed
, ,
b y L opez b ut res ul te d unfortunately W e n ext pass the to w ns of Rosari o

,
.
'
a n d San Pedro and the m ouths o f the Confuse , Jej uy , and Y p a p e ri vers ,
,
a rri ving at Con cep cion 1 8 0 m iles fro m Asun cion

,
The depth of t h e r iver .
v aries fro m t w e nty to seventy feet its w idth being fro m ha l f a m i l e to a , ‘
m ile and th e ban k s usual ly ab out fifteen feet high

,
Con c ep ci o nis a tow n .
of inh abitants and the gre at port of th e ye 1 b a m ate trade

,
-
.
S alvador is seventy m iles above C on cep ci on a nd has a population of ,
souls Fro m Salvador to Rio Appa 1 s nearly 1 0 0 m iles the scenery

.
,
b eing ve i y b eautiful near the range s of Itapucu Gua z i i, and the country
'
inh abited by w arlike Indians Her e begins th e disp ut ed territory w h i ch

.
,
e xte nds eighty m iles north as far as Rio Blanco , and is clai m ed by b oth
'
Brazil and Par a guay on ac count of the i m portant position of Fort O lym p e
- .
F ort O ly m p e is 4 2 0 m iles ab ove Asuncion standin g 4 5 feet above the ,

’
r i ver w hich i s h ere 6 0 0 yards w i de : it form s a square of 1 0 0 feet w it h
, ,
b astions for cannon the w alls bein g fourteen feet high and t w o and a h al f
,
-
t hi ck w ith out e m brasures

,
It w a s bu ilt by the Spa niards in
.
g arrisone d by Francia in 1 8 2 2 abandoned by L opez in 1 8 50 agai noc cupie d

, ,
i n 1 8 56 and after w ar ds seize d in turns by Braz il and Paraguay Before

, .
r eachin g Ol y m p o is the picturesque m ountain called Pan de az uca r an d - -

,
fi ve m iles above the fort is Bahia Blan ca at the m outh of th e Rio Blanco ,
.
W e enter Brazilian territory at Salin as and here the left bank i s clai m ed ,
"
by Bolivia , w hi l e the ri ght for m s part of the province of Matto GrosSo .
a sm vcm s 130
-
Gur u s . 87
F ort Coimbra i n L a t ,
and L on g . stands on a h ill of .
th e s am e na m e w h ich slope s to the river : it is forty fe e t a bove th e w ate r

'
‘ ’
'
l evel and is a soli d s tone structure co m ple t ely com m anding th e rive r w hic h
'
, ,
’
is here 6 0 0 ya rds w i de The oiiice rs qu art er s w ithin the fort consist o f
.
s m all stone ho uses All supplies are obta ined from Al buquer que or the
.
n eighbo ur ing I ndian s The l ow l a nds for so m e dist an c e ab ove Co im br a

.
are s ubj ect to inun dation b ut there are als o s o m e pie ce s of fi rm l and
, ,
c overed w ith excellent w oo ds a n d never ove rflow e d ex cept in se asons of

e xtr aordinary rise The m ountain s a re stil l insulated peaks or shor t
.
r anges pr obably sp urs o f the Bolivian sierras The surroun ding co un t r y

'
, .
i s held by th e Guayc ur u In dia ns w h o m th e Braz ilian Go vern m ent tre at s ,
w ith m u ch conci l ia tion C oi m bra i s thirt y thre e m il es a bove F ort O ly m pe

.
-
.
Al buquerque is an in significant vil l age of se venty houses o nly use ful ,
for supplies of provis ions and 4 7 m iles fro m Co im bra Passing the m outh
,
.
o f th e Tacuar i w e rea ch C oru m b a sixty m iles fro m Alb uqu erq ue an d 5 6 0 , ,
fro m Asuncion Thi s plac e sprung into i m port a n ce w ith the intr od uct ion
'
o f stea m traffic : it produce s so m e good c otton .

1
Fro m C ur u m b a to C u yab a i s n ea rly 40 0 m il es the co urse chang ing in ,

:
L at 1 8 L ong
.
,
fro m the uppe r Para guay to t h e ri ver Cuyaba Th e
. .
c ity of Cuyab a is capital o f the provi n ce of Matt o Gross o r es ide nc e o f th e ,
President Bishop a nd other Braz ilia n f unctio n aries an d a place of m uc h

, , ,
im por tan ce This is th e high e st p oin t navi gable in a ste am er Capta in

. .
Bossi in 1 8 6 2 atte m pte d to cross o ver to t he h ead w aters of t he Am az on as

‘
-
, , ,
but fa iled T he distan ce o verla nd to Rio Ja n e yro is 1 2 0 0 m il es practicable

.
,
o n m ules in about sixty days b ut m u ch infested by In di

‘
ans pas sin g thr ough

, ,
a country of w o ods and m ounta ins The e arly Sp aniards ar e kno w n t o

‘
h ave m ade the j o urney A Braz il ian exp e di tion a ry forc e left Bio
.
-
J an e y ro in 1 8 6 5 ; m ost of the m e n perishe d o n the ro ute , th e rest de sert e d

t o the woods .
UP T HE URU GUAY .
The s cenery o f the Ur uguay is th e finest in th es e co untries , and there

i s al m ost daily co m m uni cation bet w een Buenos Ayr es and Salto : t h e .
stea m ers are eleg ant an d co m m o dio us and m a ke the t rip in 3 6 ho urs , _
.
A s w e cross the L a Plata to ascen d the Ur ugu a y the fin e es t an cias o f ,

'
Mart i n Chi co and Sa n J uan are p oi nt e d out to th e travell er ; they ar e

b eaut ifully situated a nd m ust so m e day be co m e i m m ensely v aluable
, .
Passing the C erro S an Juan w e sight th e islan d of Ma rt in Gar cia the ,
G ibralta r o f the Rive r Plate w hic h has anything but a n i m posing ,
a pp ear an ce Tw o n e w fo rt ifica tions are seen o n the S E point , b ut there

. . .
8 $ 11 1 1: 11 1 0 1111 11 1 11 P LA TA .
Wa re no gun s on the m : F a cin g t h e Arg entine coast is : a battery 0 f nine

‘ ‘
s
‘ '1
"
.
’
g un s w ith sdl die rs qua rters The p l ace a l m ost looks deserted a nd t h e
-
.
'
,
g
ol d b at terie s used in the w a r of !1 8 59 a re dis m a n tl ed

.
-
B3 t w e e n t h e ial a n d .
‘
a n d th e O ri enta l c oast on l y s m al l c raft ca n p ass The Argentine C ongres s .
in 1 8 6 7 voted a considerable sum fo r th e fortification o f the island In th e

‘
ti m e of R osa s m any of t h e pri sone rs c on fine d h e re e s ca ped by s w i m m in g '
a grey m are over to the m ain l and of Banda O riental the m a re regular l y ,
sw i m m ing b ack again , t il l Rosas took her a nd sh ot her as an en e m y t o '
t he State .
Car m e l o is the first to w n w e sight and looks v ery pretty , seated on a

b e n d of tthe rive r but a good vie w is not obtained til l w e pass up w ards
'
,
.
A .
sm al l stea m er calls here in conne ction w i th C olon ia or Higueritas The

-
.
n ext thing w e se e i s an old convent n ow us e d for an estan ci a house -

.
The scenery im pr oves as w e adv a n ce , th e E n tre Bian o c oast being m u ch -
l o wer th an the O riental .
Nuev a Pal m ira or Higuerita s is o n the eastern b ank ; it is a sm a l l p l ace

'
«
l ,
a n d h a s fe w attra ctions exce pt that it offers a iconve n ie n t l anding plac e

,
-
'
’
for passengers for the interior T here is a gra se ria , for m elting dow n .
.
sh eep ; be l onging t o Mr Henry Z i m m er m ann . ;
At the mouth o f the Ri o Negro the s cenery i s in terestin g h er e a s m al l

.
stea m er m eets us to tak e t h e p asse nge rs for Mer cedes Higher up w e '
.
c
"
m eet t he Gua l eguay ch u ste a m er , form ing a nothe r b ran ch l ine of t h e -
Uruguay servi ce .
As w e pro ceed up the r iver the nature of th e last gr eat ge ol ogica l .
chan ges tha t have o ccurre d in rth is v alley be co m es a p p a re nt from t he

, ,
'
fa ct s n ot ice abl e
r
T he Argentin e side of the river is ge n e rall y l ow oft e n
.
~ -
,
.
m arshy , as i f r ecent l y redee m ed fro m a deep lake , w hile the Urugu a y a n

s ide is ge ne ra l l y h i h and rocky A l on g the bold ro ck y borde r of tl1 at
'
'
g . .
.
.
,
ol d, i m m ense l ake the w aters w ere drained and w ash in g th e b as e of th e , ,

,
bluff on its eastern b order at length for m e d the R iver Uruguay O n th e ,

.
Uruguayan shor e the b ed c f th e river is generally of granitic rocks th e ,
ch anne l is de e per and ,fro m the m ore solid for m ation the ports a re better
, ,
.
The iock s are chiefly granite th ou gh in so m e parts a s for exa m ple near
'
, ,
S alto ,t h e a ction o f the fire is m ore m arked an d quartz i s seen u nder a l l ,
th e m odifi cation m ade up on it by heati ng a n d cool ing and by slight ,
a dm ixtures of
‘
oth er r e cks In the interior of the c o untry geodes .

‘
,
‘
are found i n great ab undan ce and of g reat b e auty of str ucture In the .
stream s a n d along the ro cky coasts the san d is ri chly in terspersed w ith ”
"
,
p ebbl es of cor n e l ia n a ga t e ch alcedony onyx

,
and j asper all m
,
ore or les s , , ,
p ure ,
and so m e of the m o f great bea ut y There is ,
probably ,
but one p l ac e .
.
90 3 7 T HE 11 1 0 DE LA n an :
rendez vous of all En gl ish e ét ancie ros So m e p l easant ex cursions m ay be

’
‘
m ade to th e neighboring estancias of Col Mundell Pl ow e s Hu ghes Green , .

, , ,
a n d Bell to the saladero a t A rroyo Negro t o Messrs Paris a nd Slop er s

’
, ,
.
b eef packing estab l ish m ent to W illi a m s saladero and b y bo at to t he

-
,
’
,
S w iss colony across the Uruguay .
Fro m Paysand u to Salto is the finest part of the river : th e s cenery is

varied a nd beaut iful A league ab ove th e to w n is Mr W illiam s saladero ,
. .
’
w here they tried « th e Morgan syste m » in 1 8 6 6 w ith beef an d m utton , ,

.
At the Hervidero w e pass a large establish m ent belonging to Mr Richar d .
Hughes w ith th e Union Jack flying fro m t h e battle m ents it i s a t w o story

,
-
h ouse built ov er t w enty y ears a go by a Co m pany of w hich Mr L afon e ,

.
for m ed part and had a saladero n ow in ruins and an estan cia w ith over
, , ,
c o w s and sh eep The Mesa de Artigas is a bold hea dl and just

.
o ver the ri ver Here General Artigas en ca m ped his arm y in the War of
.
Independen ce and tra diti on says h e thre w h is Sp anish pri soners hence
,
'
,
s e w e d up in hides into the r iver ,

After p ass ing the est an cia D e l icia s a n d
.
other val uabl e establish m ents belonging to foreigners w e re ach the

‘
dangero us pass of Corralitos This reef or a rchip e l ago of ro ck s h as but

.
'
on e n arro w and tortuous channel an d i s im p a ssabl e by n ight I Sa iling

'
.
,
v e sse l s cannot pass b ut w ith the m ost favorable w ind , and w e see coastin g
craft at an chor i n front of the old port of Con cor dia w hi ch i s n e arly a ,
l eag ue b el o w that to w n In high w ater the Corralitos are covered b ut

'
.
,
often the r iver is So l ow that the b uoys are high and dry Y ou cannot se e .
C on cordia fro m here but there is a « casilla » at the n e w port an d coaches are
, ,
in w aiting to conve y passengers to the t ow n m W e h av e n ow a fine vie w

!
’
of 8 81
t at the he ad of t he r iver about three m iles ab ove covering thre e
‘
, ,
o r four hills , w ith l arge w hite e difices and apparent l y a to w n of

' '
great extent
Salto (Hote l Con cordia) is 1 1 0 lea gues fro m Buenos Ayres : it is a ver y
fl ourishing place w ith ,
inhab itants one hal f of w h o m are Ita l ians ,
.
The to w n has a bu st l ing aspe ct , n e w buildings going up on a l l sides .
The v ie w i s very p icturesque in ever y dire ction The city stretches out .
m uch to the nort h th e n e w to w n lai d out by Mr C ole m an being alre ady

,
.
thickly settled The situation is char m in g t he Uruguay bathing t h e

.
,
d eclivities of the cuchillas w hi ch r un do w n i n a l m ost parallel lines t h e

‘
studding th e hill —
,
w hite b ui l din gs sides and cl um p s of brush w oo d ,
fringing the o utskirts It is the headquarters of a l l frontier traffi c to Rio

.
G rande and C or ri entes an d the Braz ilian Govern m en t is i n treaty w i t h a

,
L ondon fi rm for a rail w ay to Uruguayana and Sa n Borj a The Salto Chi co .
is about a m ile above the to w n , a n d so m eti m es quite dry : the Salto Grand e
h igher up is a bar rier to naviga tion in al m ost al l peri ods : On th e ea st side
of the Plaz a is th e chur ch an un pretending stru ct ure w ith tw o to w ers
, ,
o n e of w hi ch h as a t o w n c lock (the w eigh ts are of sand) inside it is quit e

-
,
bare and can h ar dly h old 80 0 p ers o n s Next d oor is the C uria a fin e
,
.
,
h ouse w ith ornam e ntal front O n th e south side stands the Co m a n danc ia
.
,
im i t ation of Grecian ar chite ct ure a nd a fe w yards off is the Im prenta , ,
fro m w hich iss ues t w i ce a w eek the Eco de 10 5 L z bre s So m e o f the pub li c
‘
, , .
w or k s are a decided fa i lure viz t h e w h arf of granite w hi ch ha s al ready

,
.
,
cost h ard dollars a nd ca n never be of us e except in ext raordin a ry

,
high tides w here as an iron m ole m ight h ave b een run out into the ri ver at
,
a cost o f A little belo w th e to w n i s a ta n yard and further do w n ,
w a s the Braz il ian en cam p m ent i n 1 8 6 5 Salto is reputed a ver y he althy .
plac e the onl y epide m ic eve r kno w n be in g s m all po x The w ater h ere
,
'
-
.
,
a s in all other part s of the Urugua y h as a m e l lifluous taste Mr Ri ch ar d ,

. .
XVill ia m s one of the oldest Britis h residents in the River Plate ha s a

, ,
handso m e residence c o m m anding a v ie w o f th e Urugua y and C onc ord i a

, ,
on the op p o site bank He ha s a fine coll ection of pe bbles an d c ryst a l

.
l iz at ion s : th ese stones c o m e fr o m the Ce rro de Ca t alanes near the river

C uarei m w here a gate is fo und in ab unda nce an d som e colle ctions hav e
, ,
bee n sent to E ngland an d a ppreciated by lapida rie s A Ge r m an explorer

,
'
.
w ith a nu m ber of w ork m en co l lect e d quit e a c argo b ut died w hen abo ut

,
t o return to E uro p e Ther e are not m any English estanc ia s exceptin g

.
,
those of Mr W illia m s n ear Salto

.
,
.
In tim es of very high w ater a steam er (dra w ing th re e feet ) goe s u p

,
the falls to Uruguayan a th e dist an ce is ab out 1 50 m iles a nd the sc enery ,
w ell repays the journ ey .
Aft er pas sing t he fa l ls w e coast altern ately th e sh ores of E ntre Ri os and

Banda O rienta l on b oth of w hich there are m any large c attl e estanc i as
,
.
So m e leagues above Con cordia i s the Arroyo Y uqu eri w here G en Mi tr e ,

.
est abli shed his headqu arters w hen the Para gu ay a n w a r first broke out A .
r ange of hil l s called P un tas de Ma ndisobi t w elve l ea gues fro m Con cor dia , ,
w a s s ubsequently Gen F l ore s s rendezvous before t h e battle of Yatay

.
’
.
Not far h ence is the villa ge of Federa cion and nea rly opposite , in Ba nda ,
O riental is anothe r called Con st itucion

, ,
.
A strea m debouchi ng on our left cal l e d the Mocoreta is the frontier l in e , ,
b et w ee n E ntre Rios an d C orrien te s and ten leagues higher on the right , ,
w e co me to Santa Rosa a t the frontier of the Br a z ilia n provinc e of R io

,
Grande this place i s thirty lea gues above Sa l to and h as vis a vis th e ,
- -
Co rrentin o village of Mo nte Caseros -

.
T w enty leagues further is the iinp ort ant to w n of Uruguayana , at a pa ss

92 r un a ro D E LA PLA T A .
o fa the river cal led Paso d e los L ibre s A l i ne of di l ige n ces for m e rly ran
,
.
-
fro m t his pl ace to Concor dia a n d another on the Braz ilian side fro m
,
-
Uruguayana to Salto At present rail w ays are projected one on each

.
,
s ide o f the river as the falls at Salto are a bar to all co m m erce by w ater
,
-
.
Uruguayana w as fo unded in 1 8 43 a n d w a s a thriving frontier to w n ,
p re vious to the w a r i t h ad abo ut inh abitants it w a s the ce n tr e

o f the trade of this part of Rio Gra n de In 1 86 5 the Paraguayans took it .
and held it for so m e ti m e till the al l ied generals closely i nvested th e plac e
, ,
a nd the Paraguaya n co m m ander surrende red to D om Pedro in person The .
to w n w a s fo und to be in a dreadful cond ition ; but it is now fast reco veri ng

it s prosperity .The Uruguay i s here half a m ile a cross - -
.
T w enty leagues higher up is t h e Cor rentino village of L a Cruz and t w o ,
l eagues further on the Braz ilian shore stands the to w n of Ita qui w hi ch
, , ,
w a s also taken by the Paraguayans in their descent on Rio Grande A .
battle o ccurre d near a rapid ri ver above the to w n , in w hich the Brazilian s
w ere w orsted obl iging the m t o ab andon Itaqui
,
.
T w enty fi ve leag ues further on are the to w ns of Sa nto Tom e a nd San

-
,
.
B orj a. The for m er i s in L at and L ong ; it is t he ch ief t ow n

. .
-
o f th e Misiones of Aguapey (Corrientes ) E xact l y opposite is San Borj a .
(Rio Grande ) th e c ountry around is ri ch and populous “Th e distanc e

, ,
‘ -
a cross Misiones to Itapua on the Upper Paran a is 3 8 leagues . . .

, , , .
W e have n ow a sce nde d 1 0 0 l eagues fro m Salto and the t raveller may
'
,
.
stil l contin ue hi s explorations in Misiones The ret urn voyage wfrom iSan . .
.
Borj a to Salto w ill occ upy a day and a half -

.
If w e cross the Ur ug uay river b e l ow the : fal l s from t he e a st e rn t o th e s
w estern s ide w e shal l find Concordia an Arge n tine city of the p rovin ce
”
"
-
, , _
o f E ntr e Rios and ne arly Opposite S alto

,
-
The present w ar dur ing the . .
,
m onths w hen C oncordia w as the h eadquarters of the ar m y add e d greatly

‘
. ,
to the busine ss and w ea l th of the city Th ere is at C onc ordia one salader o .
w hich uses a bout ani m als in the faen a (cat tle and horses )
‘
.
is the propert y o f A Benites a nd Co . the city c ounts ab out . ,
inhabitants and is a place of considerable business R ents a n d ava ge s

‘
.
,
are h igh and goo d ho uses are n ot easily foun d to rent

,
.
Colon ia de S an Jose t w enty four leagues belo w C on cordia i s a col ony of

-
,
S w iss and Ger m an i m m igrants , n um b erin g ab out 2 50 0 persons The tow n ,

.
it se l f is only the fe w houses n e ede d at the landing , for the peopl e ] are ,
agriculturists raising w heat m aiz e potatoes & c

, , , ,
.
C on cepcion del Urugu ay nine league s l o w er do w n the ri ver i s at

, , ,
present the capital o f the prov in ce of E ntre : R ios The anchorage o f .
steam ers isnear th e s hore , b ut the l an ding i s so far a w ay fro m th e city as _

94 TH E RI O DE LA PL A T A .
l evels taken prove the possib ility n ay the facility , o f avoiding th e , ,
m arsh es , an d conveyi n gthe w hole cur 1 ent do w nto Na vich a .
Baron Mau a provided funds pe ndin g t h e for m ation of a compa n

, y in
England and Mr W H C o ck bega n the wo rks in 1 8 6 3
,
. . . The Baro n, .
‘
h o w ever foun d it i m possible to get up the co m pany o w ing to the Flore s

, ,
r evolution of April and after a year (Dece m ber ,

Mr C ock .
"
r eceived orders to suspend op erations : his report on the w orks is a s
follo w s
(
« The C au ce Viejo old b ed w h
) ose course w a s hard l y kno w n before m y
,
arrival here o w i ng to its frequent w indings through i m penetrable thi ckets

, ,
is n o w qu ite cleared of trees fro m Bracho Viejo (L a Fragua )as far a s t w o
l eagues b eyond Navich a a distan ce of fifteen leagues n ow rendered qu ite

, , .
n avigabl e all the ol d roots and trees bein g co m pletely re m oved

,
The rest .
o nly r equires a fe w w ork m en for a couple of m onths , to render it fit for

,
navigation b y burning the trunks an d b oughs felled on the banks w hich

, ,
a re n ow so dry as easily to ignite Be y ond Na vicha (e x ce p t t w o lea gues ,

.
, (
w h i ch I h ave already said are clear )there is little w antin g to be done a n d ,

l
w ith the staff of n av v ies under m y orders I could h av e fi nish e d it by t h e

‘ '
end of Fe bruary — so that the Rio Salado w ould hav e posses se d a continuous
'
canal free fro m all obsta cles and re quiring no further w orks to per m it the
, ,
passage of a s m all ste a m er as high up a s Bracho Viejo A little can al , .
eighteen feet w ide (six and a half v ara s )ha s also b e en opene d fro m th e
‘ ‘
L aguna s del Bracho to the bed of the river w ith the vie w of giving t h e ,
"
river an additional fl ow of w ater and drain ing the m arshe s so as to b e
,
enabled to co m m ence th e canalizatio n w orks across the E stero del Br ach o

so m e m onths earlier than us ual D urin g my stay i n this pla ce I have
.
“
dev oted all m y attention to a car eful study of the va ridus proj ect s feasible
for m aking a c anal throu gh the E stero del Brach o to th e Boc a de Matar a
m y assistant Mr Charles Alb eck ha s also been busy in taking l evels and
.
dra w ing plans for th e s am e purpose I n ow possess all the ne cessar y da ta

.
for t his i mportant se ction of the w orks so a s on finish ing the plans to b e
'
, ,
a ble to p oint out the best and m ost econo m ical route for the canal » .
But Mr R a m s never despaire d : he contrived to carry on the w ork m a

.
sm all w a y and 1 a July 1 8 6 5 h e obtained fro m Con gress a rene w al of h i

,
s
con cession , for three years longer to date fro m De ce m b er ,

The
Govern m ent w a s to establish a port at any s uitabl e p oint bet w een Na vich a
'
a n d Bra cho , guar anteeing R a m s n ine per cent on th e outlay of the .
e nterprise , and allo w ing him an exe m ption fro m h a lf expor t duties during -
t hirty years .
In Marc h 1 8 66 he obta ined a con cess io n fro m the Santa Fe Govern m ent ,
NA V I GA T I O N or THE SA LAD O . 95
for th e i ntrodu ction of im m igrant fa m ilies to be settled along th e

'
Rio S alado ; the Gove rnm e nt givin g h im a s qu are leagu e of land for every
four fa m il ies .
Mr R a m s h a d som e iron lighters built by M arsh al of Barra cas an d w a s

.
,
al m ost read y to start for the Salado w hen h e w a s cu t o ff b y cholera in , ,
April 1 8 6 7 The enterprise h o w ever w a s n ot suffered to fa l l through

.
, , ,
b ut in the follo w in g m onth Mr Se 11 0 ra ns started fro m Bueno s Ayres

"
. .
A fte r a v oyage of three m onths and a h alf he returned to Sant a F e w ith -
h is expe dition h a ving nothing to la m ent ex cept t he death of a yo ung m a n

,
n a m ed P ira n Th e expedition reached a po int so m e h un dred and eighty

.
m iles abo ve Monte Aguar a at w hich latter plac e th e River Sal ado tak es a
,
great bend to th e w est just before entering into the province of Sa ntia go
,
del E stero Mr Se nora ns thus exa m ined and w ent over that part of the
. .
r iver w h ic h Captain Page w a s un a ble to explore o w in g t o h is ste am er ,
dra w ing too m uc h w ater The ri ver d uring th e w h o le ti m e o ccupied by

.
,
the expedition w as pretty high sixteen feet of w ater often be ing found
, ,
so that the th or
e y of the navigation of the S alado by s m a ll stea m ers t o w in g
« c h ata s » w a s thus fully established a nd e ven if th is n avigation b e only ,
pra cti cable du ring six or seven m onths of the year it is still of the ve ry ,
grea test i m portance a s it w ill fac il itate the settle m ent o f the la nds on
, ,
e ither side o f th e rive r Mr Se noran s w a s succ e s sful i n ga in in g th e goo d

. .
w ill of the various tribes of Indians on his r oute Al l the c aciques of the .
riv er ca m e to vi sit h 1m and he m ade treaties w ith m any of the m

,
Th e .
p rincipal cacique Mari ano w a s not seen as he li ve s a considerable w a y in

, , ,
the interior but about a dozen other c hiefs presented the m selves a ccom
,
,
p a nie d by a vast nu m ber o f th eir p eople It appea rs that about Mont e .
Aguar a the Indian tribes are m uch m ore nu m erous th an it h a s gen eral ly
b een s upposed Mr Se 11 o ra n s took w ith h im a large quan tit y of presents
’
. .
,
and distributed the m v ery liberally— clothe s bein g given to a l m ost all .
They w ere very much a fil icte d to he ar that their old friend and p adrino ‘
,
Mr R am s w a s dead They all aske d for his po rtrait an d brought up

, .
,
children by the score w ho m they sta ted Mr R a m s w a s god father to A

,
.
-
.
g oo d trade can be m a de w ith th es e various tribe s o f Indians and i t is ,
probable m any of th e m could b e m ade u sef ul in cutting tim be r .
The expedition reached F o rt iu T aboada w ithout any difiicul t y and m ight ,
h ave p roceeded further on but m uch ti m e ha d a lready b een expe nd e d and

, ,
provisions w ere running sh o rt as they h ad not c al culated on th e ,
necessity of furnishing food to t h e large nu m bers o f Indians w h o conti

n ual l y ac co m panied the expeditio n The rea son of this e q ui voca l guard .
o f honor w a s probably t w o fold—first curiosity and greed -

and sec ondl y ,
, ,
96 THE 11 1 0 DE LA PLA T A .
s u spicion of the w h ites an d of their obj ects T hey c oul d not under s t an d .
w h y a l l the p eop l e of the stea m ers i nvariably att ended di vine se rv1 ce full y
a r m ed They said that th e Pa dres n ever did it There w a s evid ent l y
.
.
. .
a nyth ing b ut good w ill at first but it appears that M11 Se iioran s at l ast
,
.
‘
insinuated hi m self into their confiden ce , and ga ined their friendshi p .
Although plenty of w ater w a s al w ays found the sharp turns of th e ri ver ,
im peded the navigation t o a 1a 1 ge exten t Then the delays of cuttin g .
w o o d and the conferen ces w ith th e Indians ca use d a v a st t i

'
,
m e to be l ost ,
.
i
O nce thoroughly established the navigation w ith w ood ready c ut at state d

, ,
p oints the steam ers c an run up to Fortin Taboada 1 n six or seve n days
,
.
'
It i s stated that the ti m b er on the ri ver is v ery abundant and of a ,
v al uab l e quality The « chatas » returned loaded w ith various kinds a m ongs t
.
,
w hich are spe ci m ens of exce llent ebony Tw o young E nglish m e n w ho .
a cco m panied the expedition returned w e ll and hearty .
Mr Se 11 0 ra ns en countered in one place a nu m ber of dea d m e n He

’
. .
b uried the m d ecently It w as suppo s ed that t hey bel on ge d to the Salta

.
c on t ing e nt that m utinied i n the Paran a and f led into the Ch aco As .
n othing w a s ever heard of the m it i s prob ab l e they a l l per ish ed eithe rby .
h unger or by the Indians .
S in ce the ret urn of this expedition (Septe m ber 1 86 7 ) no other ha s gon e

u p the Sa l ado and it m ay b e pres ume d that no effort s for it s furthe r
,
n avigation w ill be m ade ti l l the ter m ination of the Pa ragua an w a r

y .
T h e Rio Ve rm e j o rises i n Bolivia , and after a t ort uous course of ,
m il es through the forests of the Cha co fall s into t he River P ara guay nea r ,
t he fortress o f Hu m ayt a The first expedition to navig ate it s w aters w a s

.
in 1 8 2 6 w hen so m e E nglish m en an
,
d Buenos Ay re a n s suc c essfully descended
t he river : th ey w ere , ho w ever t aken pris oners b y Fran cia tyrant of , ,
Paraguay , and kept in captivity f or m a ny y e ars In 1 8 56 Jos é Mari a Ar ce ,

, ,
a Bolivian , a cco m panied by an Irish sailor na m ed W i l lia m Martin safely

, .
d es cended fro m Ora n to Corr ientes Se nor Ar ce m ade four v oyages aft e r.
w ards the last in Nove m b er 1 8 6 3 , on this oc casion losing t w o m e n k ille d

, ,
b y Ind ians He brough t 1 50 t ons car go and 1 0 pa ssengers including his

.
-
.
b roth er , Dr A r ce (w ith t w o se cretaries ) w ho h a d credentials fro m the

.
,
.
Bolivian Govern m ent as Minister Plenipotenti a ry to the Argent ine and Para
g uayan cab in ets : h is pri ncipal b usiness bein g to m ake treaties for th e
n avigation of the Pilco m ayo President Lopez w ould not m ak e any trea t y
.
o n the subj e c t , as h e dec l ared the Ve rm e j oan d Pil conia y o b elonged e xclu
s ive l y to Paraguay Arce in his l ast voya ge found the Ve rm e j o no w her e
.
, ,
l es s than five feet deep h is vessels dra w in g o n

,
l y t wenty seve n inc hes ; but -
in m any p l a ces the b o ughs of tre es obstr ucted the navigation .

98 rr m nm nnz s or THE . RE P U B LI C .
OH A P . VIII
I T IN E RAR I E S OF THE RE P U BL I C .
THE high w ays of the Argentin e Repub lic are pretty m uch as N atur e m ade
the m consisting m erely of a bea ten track a cross the Pam pas They w er e
,
.
f or m erly m u ch better a s regards post h ouses a n d re lays of hor ses than a t

-
p resent General U r q ui z a devoted m uch attentio n to this m atter ; but

.
“
‘
sin ce the P ar a guay an w a r the Indians h a ve m ade such fre quent in cursion s
th at the o verland r oute fro m R osario to C hile or t he upper provinces is , ,
a tten ded w ith m u ch incon venien ce , for w ant of horses at the post house s -
alon g the roads .
In the Province of Buenos Ayres the Northern W estern and Southern , ,
r a il w ays offer speedy a nd co m m odious transit in connecti on w i th ,
« diligenc es » ra m ifying the ca m p a na in al l dire ctions In E ntre R ios there .
is also ea sy co m m unicati on b y the ri ver stea m b oats and a regular line of ,
« diligen ces » In Corrientes there is n o ot he r w a y of travelling i n th e

‘
interior b ut on horseback .
The Central Ar g entine R ail w ay fro m Rosa rio to Villa Nueva is the grea t
, ' ,
h igh w ay to the upper pro vinces At Villa Nueva t w o m ain routes strik e
.
o ut north and w est ; the first g oes to C ordoba Santiag o Tu c um an and , , ,
S alta ; the second to San L uis Mend oza and San Juan The ra il w a y from
, ,
.
‘
R osario to Cordob a w il l b e 2 4 7 m iles long w hen finish ed : at present the

section open to traffic t o Villa Nueva is about 1 7 0 m ile s T he first thirty .
, ,
three m iles fro m R osa rio are slightly undulating and destitute of t im ber ,
,
till w e approach t h e E nglish settle m ent of Frayle M uerto w hen the c ountry ,
ass u m es a w ooded asp ect w ith pi cturesque park vistas and an abundance
,
of algarroba and other fi n e trees The l ine crosses t w o rivers ; the

.
C arcara na ab out t en leagues fro m R osario a nd th e Ter cero about t w enty

, , ,
three league s further (This route w ill be described at length i n th e

.
chapter on the Centra l Argentine R a i l w ay

) .
T O T U CU M AN AND su n .
N O R TH ERN R O U T E .
The « dil igences » fro m Vill a N ueva to Salta traver se a route of 2 15

lea gues the n um ber of day s e m ploye d v arying a cc or din g to th e w eather
—
, , ,
the sta te of the roads po st houses , h or ses &c The it in e ra ry is a s follow s ,

, ,
.
in Sp a nish league s
‘
Vill a Nueva 3 }
3
,
Machani ,
Tio Pugio ,
4 Al p ap uj a ,
C ha nare s ,
2a Mano Ga sl a ,
E spinillo ,
2a Ca rdos o ,
Desgra cia do 2 2x ,
Santiago ,
Un ca t ivo , 5 Bella V ista ,
M endez ,
3 Tipiro ,
Moyano ,
2a Ch a u ch ill o ,
R io Se g un do 21 ,
Sotelitos ,
Ge rom ito ,
3 Poz uelos ,
C ordoba ,
4 Bagual ,
Bajo del Ro sari o 3 Tres Poz os

, ,
G uerra , 1 2; F avorin a ,
Salitr e ,
51 Tucum an ,
Tala,
3} Cha nar ,
D ivisadero ,
se R a m ada ,
Qutiq ua n ,
3k Puesto ,
Sa nt a Cruz 3i
,
. Borria co ,
Sa n Pedro ,
4 Chilen ,
C a rril ,
2a L aguna d e l os Robles ,
Piedritas ,
31 O jo s de Agua ,
Pozo del Tigre 4 C a ll as

, ,
Port ez uela ,
2a Ma dria ga ,
Horquetas , H Mojaras ,
Aq uila , 3a Santas ,
Guar dia , fit Conchas ,
P uesto del Monte 3} Pie dras , ,
Chil ue , 5i Pasaj e ,
L a go Ch a quin Nodri, 2 Si m bolar ,
Al t am iq ue , 3a Ra m ada ,
C anada , 3
L oreto , 21 S alta 2 15 ,
From Vill a Nueva to C ordoba is abo ut seventy eight m il es th rough dense -

,
fore sts of « alg arroba » At Chanares there are exc e l l ent sprin gs o f w
.
J
10 0 I T INERARIE S or TH E REPU B LI C .
an d a ile f a 1 ther on w e reach the m agnifi cent l ake of El Aguada About

m .
t w o m iles fro m here are the w ell kno w n spri n gs of Oj o de Agua F or .
se v e i a l leagues the la nds a re n ow v ery inferior o w ing to t he abun dan ce

’
o of
,
burro w ed ab out in all dire ct ion s The Rio Segundo .
is a r 1 ve r 2 50 y a rd s w ide ; fro m on e « barran ca » to the other b ut i n dry

'
;
sea sons the stre a m is only thirty ya 1 ds across Tw o h orse s and t w elve .
b ullo cks are often use d to d 1 ag the dilig en ce » t hrough t h e ri ver After
« ‘ “
.
,
passing through a n othe 1 « al ga m oba » w o od w e at last reach th e city of ,
Go 1 doba .
C0 1 doba i s the h e a it of the Rep ubl ic it is fa m ous f or its delightful

,
cl i m ate and is situate in t he m idst of an a m h it h e a t 1 e of hills The pop

, p a .
l ation is esti m a ted at 2 0 0 0 0 ; the best i nn is th e Hotel de Paris

, The .
traveller w ill find m uch to 1 nte 1 est h im 1 n the old churches the uni versity , ,
a nd othe 1 public b ui ldings If h e m ake a n ex c ursion to the Sie l ra s he w il l

.
find ca pital shootin g .
From C0 1 doba th e rou te offe i s little of int eres t till w e reach Santiago ,
it passes thro ugh the vi lage s o f Chana r Al t a m isq ue an d L oreto skirt i n g

l , , ,
,
the desert of Salin as : the o nly r ivers m e t w ith ar e the R i o Pri m er o afte r , ,
l eaving Cordob a and the R io Dulce before arrivin g at Santiago

,
.
Santiago del E stero is a de l a p ida t e d to w n of 8 0 0 0 inhabit ants , w ith a

pri vile ged cli m ate : it stands in lat 2 7 4 6 and l ong 6 1 22 . . The G o ver n
,
. .
m ent house an d three ch urches are w orth visitin g

-
This to w n 1 5 ninety .
l eagu es north of Cordoba .
. Fro m Santiago to T ucu m an is t w en ty ee ight lea gues th e route crossin g -

,
the Rio D ul ce Not hing can exc eed th e fertility of the Prov inc e o f Tucu
.
m a n th e garden of South A m erica , rich in every prod uct of th e tropi cal or

,
t e m p e rate z one s
The cit y of Tucu m an stands 0 11 a w ell w ooded plain 3 58 leagues N W -
, . .
o f Buen os A y re s w ith a p op ulation of 1 2 0 0 souls it i s situate

, 9 ,
on a .
bra nch of the Rio Dulce , and is fam ous for the declaratio nof Indep ende nc e ,
9t h July 1 8 1 6 ,
.
F 1 om Tuc u m an to Sa l ta is sixty nine leagues through a divers ified

'
-
,
count 1 y of hill ranges and r ivers for w e m e n ow in the re gion of the

,
Andes T his w a s foi m erly the high w ay fro m Buenos Ayres to Li m a The
.
t o w n of Sal ta w a s founded m 1 5 82 , and its present p op ul a t 1 on 1 s ab o ut 1 0 0 0 0 , .
T he t 1 avelle 1 m a y stil l go t w enty leagues fu1 th er north t o J uj uy w h1 ch IS , ,
t h e last A 1 ge n t in e pr ov in ce and borders on B oli via ,

The to w n 1 8 ins ignificant .
,
but so m e salt is produced 1 1 om the ne ighboring sa linas an d thedisco very «

,
o f p e t 1 ol e11 m see m s to b e an ack n o The navigation o

'
w ledged fact f th e .
Verme j o w i l l open up the reso ur ce s of th is re m ote p 1 ov1 n ce

1 02 Ir m sa xn m s or T HE RE PU B LI C .
of No ve m b er fol l ow m g, a s the pass « L a Cu m bre » is g eneral l y closed and

the e ntire road covered w ith sno w to a dep th of several yards The .
« te m por ales » are m ost fre quent in that season , a nd com e do w n w ith
terr ific force .
T her e is a w eekly coach to San Juan fare $ 1 3 th e distan ce i s 3 2 ,

-
l eagu es throug h a ver y w ild and m ountainous country A gentle m an w h o

'
, .
r ece ntly m ade the t rip fro m Rosar io t o San Jua n gives the follo w ing
not es of his j ourney
« The distanc e fro m Rosario t o San Juan i s co m pute d about 2 8 0 league s
,
the to w ns through w h i ch th e coa ch pas ses b ei ng as follo w s

L e a g ue s . D ay s .
G uardia E squina 24 1,
S ala dillo s , 16
Frayle M uerto 10 ,
1
R io C ua rto 50 , 2
A chiras , 19 1 ,
M orro , 13 1 1 1 ' '
«F r m R osari o t o R io C uarto the country IS m ostly level th e

q N ,
c am ps good and ab ou n ding in pasture ter m ed p a st e f uerte ’

Bet w ee n ‘
.
Sal a dillo and R io C uarto ti m ber i s very plentiful Passin g the last .
na m ed place the sui fa ce beco m e s broken and the v1 e w s Eon a l l

sides m ountainous In s uccession w e skirt along th e S ierras de
.
Cordoba Morro and San Luis No thing can b e m ore pict ures que
, , .
than the situ ation of Ach ir as Morro and San L uis b ut the c onstant fear o f
, , ,
the Indians effe ctually prevents any i m prove ment in th ese tow ns Th e .
r iver s eparatin g t h e provin ces of S an L uis and Mendoz a 1 s call ed D e sa giia

’
d ero an d t h e i e IS a villa ge of th e sa m e na m e
, The road fro m San L iiis .
thither is re markab le traversing in its w hole l ength l arge forests of

,
a l gorroba quebracho and other sp ecies of t im b er all h ard w ood It 1 5

,
.
,
a s straight a s a n arro w for t w enty leagu e s of its length and i s forty ya rds ,
w ide . It is w itho ut excepti on the fi nest r oad in the Rep ubli c and i f a ,
l ittle cai e w ere bestow ed on it w ould b e at on ce a w on der and a m odel

,
.
Fro m Desaguadero to Mendo z a is fi ft y fi ve lea gues Here the asp ect o f

‘
-
.
t he country is different from anything yet seen the land on al l sides b e ing
'
.
,
cultivated The roa d i s lined on eith er side by poplars ,far a s t he eye ca n

.
r each and the cultivation b ei ng by m eans of art ifi cial w ater d rains w ell
,
dist ributed the s urrounding vegetatio n is quite a stonishing and on ly

, ,
c o m p arable to that of the is l ands of t he Paran a T he extent of land u nder .
a griculture in Mendoz a 1 s found to exceed cuadra s acres )

chiefly o ccupie d by a l falfa , vines , and cereals The pri n cipal industry .
h ; il -ND O ZA r o sxiv 1 t m -
i .
1
.
10 3
o ists in fatte ning ca m e for the Ch il ian m arke ts t h ey encl ose th e

c ns i ,
’
an i m als in a fiel d of alfa l fa w hich w h en e aten do w n they turn t he m in to

, ,
an other What appe a rs al m ost i ncr e dible though tr ue i s th at an alfa l fa

.
, ,
fi el d on ce so w n requires n o f urth er labor th a n irrigation and w ill yield

, ,
abun dant crops of p asture for fort y years or m ore Th e a m o un t culti vated .
in Sa n J ua n is
'
cuadra s a cr es )so w n as in Men doz a for th e , ,
m ost p a rt with alfalf a vines and cerea l s and here al s o th e chief bus ines s
, , ,
is fattening catt le for C hile The m o unt a in s on a ll sides aboun d in

.
m ineral s lead silver c opper and gold Th ere are al so three coal m i n e s
, , ,
.
in Huerta Pie de Pal o a n d J a ch a l w hich h ave not yet b een w ork e d but a re
, , , ,
p roved to conta in r i ch and plent iful depo sits : th e ab undance of ti m ber

h a s al m ost rendered the cons u m ption of coal un ne ces sary
‘
The c ity o f .
S an Juan i s w ell buil t a nd presents a ple asin g aspect Many of its str eets .
are w ell p a ve d a nd each hous e has its o w n supply of w ater by m e ans of

,
a c anal co m m unicat in g w i th the Rio Sa n Juan The o utski rt s a re .
char m in g the city bein g surr o unded by s m all m ountain ch ains des ce n ding
,
fro m the great Andes » .
Fro m San Juan th e t rave l ler m a y m ake excursions t o th e si l ver m in es

of Marayes and Hilar io ; or c ont inue h is course fur ther north to Rioj a
a n d Cata m ar ca .
R ioj a is about fort y lea gues fro m San Juan Th e provi n ce h as bee n m ade .
a bow ling w il dern ess by the incessa nt ci vil w ars ; it contain s m uch m in e ra l
w ealth undeve l oped The tow n of R ioj a is at th e foot o f the An des
. .
C ata m arc a is ab out forty leagues b ey ond Rioj a : t h e prov inc e is r ic h in

m in er al and agri cultura l prod ucts Mes srs L afone and C a rr anz a are th e . .
ch i ef m in ers Ther e i s a good bu si ness in f atten in g cattle for Chile

.
.
Toba cco w in e a nd fruits ar e r a ise d in gr eat quantities

.
‘
.
h ,
In 1 8 6 4 the Congress authoriz e d a n e m ission of eight p er cent Bonds for ’
t h e co nstruction of roads a n d bridges through the Republi c The e m inent .
fi rm of D o cw ra W ells and Da w son of L ondon h a d m ade propos al s but

, , , ,
s ubse quently decli ned t o take the Ban ds for se cur ity Ne vertheles s so m e .
roads w ere c o m m enced by Govern m ent the lo cal contractors t akin g th e ,

’
b onds at fifty p er c ent v iz z —Concordia t o R estaura cion S an L uis to

.
, ,
C erril l os San Luis to San Juan San Juan t o R ioja San Juan t o Tout al an d
, , ,
C hile Cordob a to R ioj a Cordob a to F a m at ina S al t a to Tucu m an Sa l ta to

, , , ,
J uj ny Sa lta to the Ri o Ve rm e j o Cor dob a to C ata m arca

, ,
.
Be sides these there are thirty one r oads proj ec ted as follo w s -
, ,
J uj uy — A roa d to Boli via w ith t w o or three bridges over rapi d r ive rs

,
.
A nother to unite the chief to w n w ith so m e port on the Rio Ve rm e jo .

I T IN ERARI ES HE m em e
'
10 42 'w
OF T .
Sa l ta —Con inuation t of t he roa d to Pal o Sant o, an d those

'
’
of Jujuy
a nd Tu cum an .
Tucum a n—Contin uation

th e gre at No rthern ro ute t o Sant iago A ne w
of .
r oad direct to C ata m arca by the Cuest a Tot a ral .
Ca ta m a rca —Branch to Sant iago ; an d road to C op iapo; w ith house s of ' -
r efuge t o t e n sure c onstant co m m unicati on w ith Chile e ven i n wint er

, Th e .
Totoral t o be prolonged to Rioj a and a direct line dr a w n to Cordob a :

R ioj a —Waggon roa ds t o Cordob a a n d San Jua n ; a nother a cross the
,
-
,
L lanos to san Javier i n Cordob a for j un ctio nw ith the gra nd wester n route
. . .
Post h ouses an d fresh w ater m ust b e prov ided along these ro ad s

-
.
S a n J ua n—R oads to R ioj a and Cop iap o With houses of refuge in th e ,
C ordi l lera The Mendoz a r oa d to b e de viat e dg a n d the Cordob a on e

.
'
im pro ved .
Mendoz a —The Usp allat a p as s to Ch i l e to b e provi ded w ith the pre per -
.
n u m ber of houses of refuge for transandine t ravellers
S a n L uis—R oad to Rioja ; for m ing j unction w ith that of th e Llan os .
Cord oba —Dev i ation and i m prov e m ent of th e great North high w ay t o
S ant iago Carriage w a y ; a c ros s the Si erra to m eet th at of th e Llano s
'
- -
.
,
to Rioja
'
S c he m e —
.
I m prove m ent of S uncha les route and the c e ntral r oad through ; ,
t he Gran Cha co co m ing out i n front o f Corrientes .
S a n ta F e — Jun ct 1 on w ith t h e S antia go r oa d , and dire ct ro ad t o Cor doba ,

w it ha bri d ge over the C ar c arana .
Corriente s—R oad fro m Restaura c i o n t o Mision e s , and from the latter
d istr ict to the c ity of Corrientes .
Entre Rios — H1 gh w ay to Corrie ntes , p a ss1 n g throu gh L a Paz

-
.
B ue nos Ay res — O ne or t w o bridges o ver t he Arroyo Medio en route for

t he province of Santa F e A co m plete postal syst em on t h e We st an d
.
So uth
10 6 R E
P OJ CTS AN D C O N C E SS I O N S .
The SO U T H ERN R A IL W AY , fro m Buenos Ayres to Chasco m us i s 7 2 1 m i l es ,
l ong the c on cession fro m the Buenos Ayres L egislature to Mr E d w ar d

, .
L um b be aring date 1 1 t h J un e 1 8 6 2
‘
.
1 The cost of the line w a s put do w n at

.
per m ile .
2 The Buenos Ayres Govern m ent guaranteed 7 per cent for forty year s
.
.
on the cost .
3 If the lin e b e prolonged to Dolores eight y m iles furth er s outh )the

.
(
s a m e g uarantee w ill b e given .
4 The rail w ay to b e e xe m pt fro m all t a x for forty years

. .
The L egislat ure refused to ad m it the cost o f construct ion at m or e tha n

w hereupon the guarantee on th e addit ional sum of w as
c olle ctively gi ven by th e foll o w ing m erchants : M essrs Tho m as Ar m stron g , .
John F air George Drabble E d w ard L u m b Henry Ha rrat t H enry A Green ,

, , , ,
.
G regorio L ez am a A m brosio P L ez ic a and Federico E lortondo

, . Th e ,
.
w orks w er e co m m en ced by Messrs Peto Betts on 8 th March 1 8 6 4 , an d .
the line w a s co m pleted before the close of 1 8 6 5 L ast year th e net profit s .
g ave 5 per c ent on th e capital ; b ut every year the tra ffic is i mproving ,
.
,
a n d the guarante e w ill soon b e un ne cessary .
The N O R TH ERN R AIL W AY wa s begun in 1 8 6 0 the con ce ssm naire b ein g

, ,
Mr E d w ard A Hopkins b ut the w orks w ere de str by e d the follow ing year
. .
,
by a high ti de The enterprise w a s continued in 1 8 6 1 by Me ssrs Cros k ey

‘
. .
Mur 1 a y w ho : agai n inaugur ated the w orks in February 1 86 2

,
The .
e on ce ssion stipulated
1 The co st of the li ne £ 1 50
. for sixteen m iles .
2 Go
. v ern ment guarante ed interest seve n p er cent for t w enty year s . .
“
The line w a s op ened to San F ern ando on 5th February 1 8 6 4 In ,
.
“
O ctober of th e sam e ye ar the L egislatur e of Buenos A y res gave a co ncessio n
for prolonging the line to Z arate w ith a g uarantee o f s even per c ent for
,
.
t w enty years b ut li m iting t he c ost to

,
per m i l e This con cessi on .
lapse d as t he prol on gation w orks w ere to b e co m m e n ced w ith in t w elv e

,
m onths and con cluded In three years T he line w a s ho w ev er prolonge d .

, ,
t w o m i l es to the Tigre , w hich i s used a s a port for the st ea mb oat t ra flic of

'
th e upper ri vers .
Th e BO C A AND E NSEN ADA R A IL W AY , w orks w ere b egun by lM r W heel .
w ri ght on 2 3 rd F ebruary , 1 8 63 , and the con cessi o n granted in the

follo w in g July vi z ,
.
1 Th e G overn m ent con cede s p e rm ISSIOn to W i l lia m Whee l w r ight t o

.
c ons tr u ct and run for ever a rail w ay which shall start fro m th e P as eo ,
'
J ulio w here the Norther n R ai l w ay ter m i nate s t o th e Bo ca de l Ria chue l o ,

, ,
B arra o a s and E nse nada

,
.
EN SENADA RAIL W AY . 10 7
2 The road to E nsenada m ust b e concluded b efore the 1 st Mar ch 1 8 6 7

.
, ,
u nless In vie w Of the gre at i m portan ce 0 1 m aki ng a pre vious sur vey of th e
‘
’
c apabilities of t hat port to adapt it to the n e cessities o f Buenos Ay re an

c o m m erce it should b e agree d on b et w e en t he Govern m ent and th e
,
'
co ncessionaire to m ak e of this a pra ctical experi ment,

.
3 In c as e that E nsenada w ill a d m it o f b eing m a de t o m eet t he

.
n e ce ssIt ie s of the co m m erc e O f Buenos Ayres such as a port of loadin g ,
a nd disc harging vessel s and that the Govern m ent appr oves of the plans it, ,
is agre ed that the conc ess ionair e o f the r ai l w ay sh all tak e char ge Of th e
’
w ork having first arrang ed w ith th e Govern m ent

,
.
4 The Govern m ent guar antees t o the c oncessionaire that for the
’
ter m of t w enty years no othe r ra il w ay fro m th e Custo m house t o th e

”
Boca Barracas a n d E nsenada w he th er propelle d by ste a m or oth erw ise

, , , ,
shall b e per m itted .
O n 8 t h S epte m ber 1 8 6 5 the line w as opened as far as Barrac as t h ree

, , ,
m il es and in N o ve m b er of sa m e y ear a s ur veyin g expedition pr oc e eded t o

E nsen ada to ex am ine its condition a s a po rt a nd th e diffi culty offere d by .
the b ar the report w a s favorabl e but uo f urth er steps w ere ta ken i n th e

'
The line no w r uns to Barra ca s and th e bridge over th e Ria ch uel o

'
'
m att er
'
.
,
is b ein g constr ucted to push on the w orks to E nse na da ,

.
T he S ALAD O n avigation con cession w as g iven to D on E steban Ra m s

R1 0
in 18 6 3 the h istory of the enterpris e h as b ee n fully expl ain ed i n th e
chapter on th e Rio de l a Plat a and its tributaries .
Th e A R TE SIAN W ELL of Barra ca s w as b e g un by Messrs Sorde an x Co . .

,
o n 1 st June w ith th e obj e ct of c a rrying a w ay th e offal of th e

,
saladeros th e sal a de rist a s and Govern m ent defra y ing the expense After
,
.
t w o m ont hs lab or the bor e rea ched a depth o f 9 6 feet viz sand 4 0 ft
’
, .
,
'
S li m e a nd dark bl ue oc h re 1 3 ft t osc a 7 ft -
fl uid yello w and gr ey sa nd
,
.
,
.
,
’ '
3 6f
t In Dece
. m ber 1 8 6 1 the w ork s w ere rene w ed ,
and b y Febr
,
uary , ,
1 8 6 2 the bo re reached 2 3 4 feet h aving traversed a b ed o f m arine shell s

, ,
.
O n 1 4th March 1 8 6 2 the w ater rose through the t ubes and poure d out in
, ,
a j et d eau on July 6 1h the Art e sia n W e l l w as ina ug urate d by Pres ident

’ ’
M itre and S inc e then it has been m uch in use as a bath The w ater is unfit
, .
t o dri nk but p osse ss es sal ine m e dicinal qu al ities

,
.
T he E LE C T RI C T E LE G R AP H (Buenos Ayr es to Montev ideo)con ce ss ion w as

grante d on 9th June 1 8 6 4 v iz , ,
.
1 E xclusi ve privilege con ceded to Me ssrs Pro u dfoot

. Grey for fiftee n .
y e ars fro m con clusi on of w ork s

, .
2 Per m iss ion t o ere ct post s on highroads o r el se w here

. .
108 P R O J E CT S AN D C O N C ESSI O N S .
3 .Govern m e nt to protect the W ire s byal l p ossible m eans .
4 G ove rn m ent m essages half p 1 1 ce

.
.
5 l n ea s e of m isunderstanding bet w e en th e Republic s he Ar gen tine

.
t ,
G overn m ent not to stop the w ires nor to have right t o inspe ct m essages ,
u nl ess private c0 1 respondence be prohibited .
Th e cable w a s laid fro m P unta Lara t o C olonia twenty Six miles In ,

-
,
O ctob er 1 8 6 6 , and th e w i 1 e s Open ed for traffi c a fe w w e eks later .
T ELE G RAP H W IRE S T o C H IL E — In Dec e m ber 1 8 6 6 Me ssrs Hop k 1 n s

'
.
,
C ary obtain ed a con cess ion to lay do w n w ires fro m Buenos Ayres to Chile ,
a s follo w s
1 The line sh all be co m pl eted w ith i n t w o years fro m th e date o f

.
c oncession .
2 The Govern m ent on conclusion of the line sh all pay th e contractor a

.
, ,
s ubvention of 8 per cent per annu m for t w elve y ears on a cost of

.
$ 2 0 0 3 ,
.
p e r m il e .
3 The Go vern m ent S hall ce de t o the com p a ny fi fty squares of publi c '
l ands for e very fifte e n m iles of telegraph .
4 If the Whol e of the line be not com p l e t e d a vithin the ter m sp ecified in :
. .
clause 2 th e G over nm ent shall redu ce 1 p er cent on th e subve n t ion fOr

,
.
‘
,
’
e very four m o nths so delay ed in finish in the l ine

g
This proje ct lapsed o w ing to the death of Mr Street , th e e m ID
.
,
e nt .
c ontractor of Sa n Fran cisco .
T RA C T I O N E N G INE S —In August 1 8 6 3 Messrs Rossigno l Re are ,

.
, ,
P uy rre don obtained a concess ion for trac tion e ngIn e s thr oughout t he
R epubli c t he fir st line to b e establ ished In eighte en m o nth s a nd oth e rs t o
, ,
R osario Cordoba T ucu ma n and Mendoz a l n three years

, ,
The con struction
,
.
o f roads and bridges w a s to be at the cos t of the co m pany w hose capit al w a s ,
fixed at th e G ov ern m e n t guaranteeing 7 per cent on a ctua l .
o utlay In 1 8 6 4 M
. r Beare brought fro m E ngla nd a n engine c alled E l
.
Buey w hich m ade an unsu ccessf ul experi m e n t fro m Barracas to to w n a nd

, ,
t h e proj ect was ab andoned Th e so il see m s too soft a nd light for s uch
. .
lo co m oti ves .
R O AD S AND BRID G E S —Ia Septe m ber '

1 8 63 ,
C ongres s passed the fo ll o w
ing l aw
1The President 1 3 authorised to e m it $ 1,0 0 0 0 0 0 In sha 1 es , w hi ch sh all
.
,
b e deno m inate d Roads and Bridge s Stock

2 These shares shall be of $ 2 0 $ 50 , $ 50 0 and
. w ith an
, ,
interest of 8 p er cent , p ayable half yearly , an d w i th 3 per cen t

.
.
a m ortiz atio n .
PR O J E CT S AND C O N C E S SI O N S .
t he first yie l ds 3 % p er cent net on the capital ; an d the third w hen b o th

.
first and second give the sa m e (3 5 per cent )net returns . .
5 All lands necessary for the line , s tations &c , Shall be c e d ed gratis t o
.
,
.
the c o m p any .
6 At least eig hteen m iles shall b e Open to traffic w ithin t w o y e a rS Na n d

.
the rest of the first se ction in t w elve m ont h s l a t e r .
7 .Govern m ent m a y inter fere in the traffic w hen the dividends excee d
1 5 per c ent
"
.
There is every likelihood of this enterpris e being revive d and the ,
Go vern m ents of E ntre Rios and Corrientes w ill pe rh aps give a land grant -
a long the line s i m ilar to that of the Central Argentine

,
.
L U K AN AND S AL T O R AIL W AY — This w a s a proj e ct by M L acroze t ow n

. .
,
a branch fro m the W est ern Rail w ay north w ards the Govern m ent of Buenos ,
A yres finding the f unds to be rei m bur sed in p a rt by m uni cipal taxat ion i n
,
t he « p artidos » bene fi ted by the line It w a s judged i m practicable . .
P ARAN A AND NO G O YA R AIL W AY The surveys for th is l ine w ere m ade i n

.
-
O ctober 1 8 6 5 by Ne ville Morti m er C E w h o esti m ated th e cos t at ,

. .
,
£ 3 2 1 5 3 6 sterling ; o r
. per m il e , the leng th b eing 6 4 miles .
Nothing ha s Sin ce been done in the m atter .
L O RO S R AIL W AY — Ill June 1 8 6 7 s everal l and holders o f L ob o s a n d

.
-
n eighbourin g partidos prevailed on Go vernor Alsin a to order the sur ve y s ‘
of a bra n ch l ine fro m the W estern to L obos

-
T he ide a of Go v ern m ent .
c onsiste d in proposing to the L egislature o f Buenos Ayr e s the em ission

of t w enty m illions curren cy
‘
sterling ) in 6 per c ent funds , '
s aleable at 8 5 w ith an annual Sinking fund of 1 per cent Vic e President

,
-
.
- f -
Paz and Dr AcoSt a a ssure d Governor Alsina that m ost o f the sa id f un ds

.
-
Navarro Sala dillo &c they e ve n p rom ise d

'
w ould be t aken up in L ob os
'
.
, ,
t o get all t he la nd gratis along the route The branch line w ould star t
, .
-
fr om Moreno or Rodrigu e z station the cost w oul d b e ab out ,

p er
m ile b ut it is di fficult to suppose t he f unds co ul d be provided by
,
s ubs cription am ong th e estan cieros .
Rio L U K A N P O R T AND R AI L W AY In O ctober 1 8 6 7 a proj ect w as started ,

.
- .
t o run a branch rail w ay fro m F l Ore st a on the W e stern lin e to the River , ,
L uj an Th e c ost w as esti m ated at £ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 and the p roje ctors so ught n o

.
,
guarantee but a m onopoly for t w enty years the great obj ect b ein g to m a ke a ,
p ort on the R io Lujan for th e city

,
of Bueno s Ayres ,
at a place w here t h e
w ater is s aid t o have a depth of t w elve feet .
SAN F ERNAND O C ANAL I Z A T I O N The c on c e s sion , bearin g date

.
-
2 0 th Jul y,
1 8 6 3 , is as fo ll o w s
H AR B O R A C C O MMO DA T I O N . 11
-
1 Mr E d w ar d A Hopk in s i s hereby authoriz ed to form a j o int stock

. . .
-
co mpa ny for the ca naliz ation of th e Arro y o Cap itan bet w een the Par an a ,
d e las Pal m as an d Lujan ri ver oppo site the t Ow n o f San F e rnan do w ith a
, ,
m ole w arehous e s and de p osit stores

, ,
s uitable to the require m ents o f t h e ,
coasting cr aft of th e upper rivers .
2 The c apital of the co m pany sh a ll not e xceed on e m ill ion five h undr e d
.
th ousand S ilver dollars .
3 The co m pany m a y charge the t oll s m ole an d de posit dues w hic h it

.
, ,
S h all j udge fit ; for the te r m of t w enty years provide d that the r eceipts do ,
not ex ceed the sum of ei ghteen per c ent nett profit o n the capital .
4 Th e Arroyo del Capitan S hall be canaliz e d a nd i m pro ved : an d sh al l

.
h ave at l east eighteen m etres i n breadth through out the w hole length at
su rfa ce fa n d thre e m etres in depth at m ean tide .
5 T he dues pa y able for the use of th e canal sh al l only b e recoverabl e

.
in proportion to it s cost w hic h m ust not exce ed the sum of three hundre d
,
a n d seventy eight tho us and -

fo ur hun dred a nd t w elve Sil ve r doll ars ,
a ccordin g to the esti m ates o f the conc essionaire .
6 At the expiration of the t w enty yea rs m entioned in a rticle 3

. th e ,
can a l Shall be fre e from all the co m pany s due s ’

.
7 At any t i m e durin g th e p eri od of this c oncession the Go vern m ent

.
S hall have the right of expropriating the cana l w ork s for the benefit of th e
p ublic at the v al ue of t heir cost and 2 5 pe r ce nt extra a s inde m nification

, ,
.
8 The c o m p any S hall have the re quisite n u m ber o f tug b o ats for th e
.
-
ser vi ce of the m oles an d c anal .
9 The w o r
. ks Sh all co m m ence w ith in the period of eighteen m onths .
In 1 8 6 5 Congress gave a p rolonga t io n o f t he conc ession and Mr

.
.
,
Hopkins began the w orks in the follo w ing year A co m pan y w as for m e d in .
Buenos Ayres in 1 86 7 s ince w hen the w orks go o n fa vor ably

,
The iro n .
w ork is ordered fro m E ngland th e m achi nery fro m t he United States

, ,
am ong the latter i s a dredge c apable of thro w ing 1 0 0 tons an ho ur .
PO R T F O R BU EN O S AY RE s —In 1 8 59 Mr Coghlan C E prepar e d a

.
,
.
,
. .
,
co m plet e survey w ith pl a ns for the cons truction of a harbor the esti m ate d
, , ,
cost being the pl ans stil l de corate the ante cha m ber of the -
Provincial L egislat ure In 1 8 6 4 the proj e ct w as tak en up under another

.
for m by Se nor G aray There is n ow so m e t a lk of C ongress devotin g th e

.
e xtra duties hitherto used for w ar p ur pose s in th is m ore use ful m anner In .
1 8 6 6 Mr Petty the p ilot sub m itted a proje ct to clea r the roadste ad of the
.
, ,
m any w recks and lost an chors lying abo ut ; h e asked no other re m un eration
th an the a nchors , &c , t o be recovered , w hereupon the authoriti e s ca l l ed

.
1 12 PR O J E C T S AND C O N C E S SI O N S .
fo r tenders t o clean the p ort , an d nothing h as sin ce b ee n done in th e

m atter .
H AR B O R AT TH E BO C A — In J ul y 1 8 6 3 Don M a
nuel Lyn ch sub m itte d t o ,
Congress th e subj oined proje ct , w hich died like so m any others in , ,
e m bryo
1 The co m pany shall constru ct , at their o w n risk and expense a h a
. rb o r
,
for this city .
2 The entrance to such harbor w ill be near Qu i

. l m es , w ith a dept h of
w ater fourteen feet at l ow tide w ith a proper slu i ce g ate ,
-
.
3 This e nt1 an ce w ill be prolonged as far as the Ria chuelo de la Bo ca

'
by m eans of a canal .
4 The co m pany S hall ere ct at their ow n cost w ar ehouses and depots

.
, , .
5 W h en the section shall b e finished to the R iachuelo all vessels shall

.
,
be obliged t o enter the c anal and Riachuel o for unlo ading or loading .
6 Th e co m pany shall r ecover i n such cases on unloading , 1 2 re al s s

.
, , .
p e r t on register and the sa m e for l oadi ng

,
.
7 The co m pan y shall have one or m ore tug boats to take ves sels m or
.
-
out of the port , the fee for w hich Shall not exc eed 4 reals 5 per to n .
register .
8 This concession shall be for a t e rm of thirty years after w hich t h e

.
.
,
Govern m ent Sha l l enter into full po ssession of the canals and lighth ous e .
G UNP O W DER M ANU F A C T O RY —In Septe m ber 1 8 6 5 thi s co m pany w a s

.
,
fo rm ed w ith a capital of £ 1 0
, in Sh ares o f £ 50 ea ch unde r t h e ,
’
dire ction of Mr L iesenb erg w ho had h ad ten y ear s experien ce in E urop e
.
,
.
A n unlucky explosion occurred in Jul y 1 8 6 7 , th e da y before the propose d

i nauguration : Mr Lies enberg w a s ser iously inj ure d ; but the enterpris e
.
w as not ab andoned The w orks are situate at Paler m o

. .
S T EA M CO MM UNI C A T I O N W I TH U NI T ED S T A T E S —In August 1 8 6 5 Co n gre s s

’
,
.
v oted p er annu m as a sub sidy for a bran ch line of the United State s
and Braz ilian m ai l servi ce : up to th e present no branch ha s b een
est ablished .
BUEN O S A YRE S W A T ER W O R K S — In A ugust 1 8 6 3 a proposal w a s sent in

-
.
by Messrs E aston A m os
. Co L ondon to provide w at er w ork s for th e
, ,
.
, ,
-
c ity The supply w a s to b e 3 0 0 0 0 pipes daily the w ater b ein g t ak en from, ,
abov e the G as house The cost w a s e st i m ated a t £ 1 0 2

-
. for which the
Municipality w ould give 7 p er cent b onds Several other proj ects w er e . .
initiated fro m ti m e to ti m e but the Muni cip ality pai d no attention to the
'
,
w ants Of th e city till , i n January 1 8 6 8 th e cho l er a caused such rav a ge s

, ,
Governor A l sina and the L egis l ature took th e m atter in hand .

1 14 ,
PR O J
E eTs A D
N C O N C E SSI O N S .
.
f
I a oing .
,
-
Of 1 3 6 squares w ith gra nite bl ook s ,
ins
' t
c on crete .
W ill maintain a nd w ork w ater supply and d rainage for ter m o f con ces
s ion a d kee paving in repair for one year
,n p .
rm s — Monopoly for ninety nine years E xe m ption fro m duties

-
.
,
i m port a nd export Pay m en t by Provincial Gov ern m ent of $ 48 S ( 1 5s

.
. .
p e r annu m foi each house w ithin the city Th e Muni cipality t o p ay .
$ 2 5 0 0
, 0 3 per a nn um for w ater for founta ins fire s and w aterin g , ,
the st ree ts .
E X P O R T or C A TT L E —In August 1 8 6 8 Messrs Alexander F Baillie a nd ,

. .
P Barry on the part of a L ondon co m pany petitioned the Argentin e

.
, , ‘
Gove rnm ent for a concession to export live stock to E ur op e The capita l .
o f the co m pany w a s stated at £ 50 0 0 0 0 and a fl eet of s even first clas s , ,
stea m ers w ould be constructed w ith the double pur p ose of b r i n ging out
,
e m igrants and t akin g ho m e cattle In th e return voyage : the a nnual expo rt

,
Of stock t obe at least 5 0 0 0 he ad of h orn ed cattle an d 3 0 0 0 Sheep The y

, , .
"
solicited a m onopoly for seven years and a total exe m ption fro m Cust om S ’
'
d uties Mr Baillie returned to England i n O ctob er and state s that he h a s

. .
,
obta ined the concession p ra yed for as far as regards all exportation Of litre ,
stock to Engl an d an d F r ance

‘
NEW GAS C O M PANY —In the beginnin g o f 1 8 67; Mr Ja m es Bel l of

. .
Mon tevideo associated w ith sOrne m e n of influence and capital i n Buen o s

,
Ayres p roje cted a n e w gas com p a ny ’in Buenos Ayres l n opposition to th e

, ,
‘
“
origina l co m pa ny establis hed in 1 8 56 The capital of t he Ol d com pany is .
or sterling an d the d ividends in re cent ye ars ha ve

,
v aried from 2 0 t o 3 0 per cent : per annu m : the shares are still over 50 p e r
'
c ent pre m ium . The present p rice of gas i s ab out

. 3 3 p er cubi c .
feet and the proposed n e w co m pany pro m ises t o m ake a gr e at reduction ;

,
as yet how ever it re mains m erely a proje ct the only step taken be in g the
, , ,
Su b m ission of the statutes to the Argentine Govern m ent w hich h a s ,
.
"
approved of sa m e The ter m of m on op ol y granted to the Ol d com pa ny ha s n
l ong sin ce expired It IS intended t o erect the w orks o f t he ne w co m pany

'
at th e so uth end , i n Barracas

‘
.
T REA T IE S O F C O MM ER CE . 115 '
C HA P . X .
TREAT IE S O F C O MME RCE AN O NAVIGATI O N .
of a m ity c o m m er ce and na vigation b et w een the Ar gent in e

, ,
R epubli c a n d G reat Britain be ars date 2 n d Febru ary 1 8 2 5 , and is a s

foll o w s
R E AT Y
T wa r n GREA T RR rrAIN .
E xtensive cOm m e rcia l intercourse h aving b een e stablished for a series of

y ears b e t w een th e dom 1 nIo nS o f His Britannic M ajesty and the territorie s ,
o f the United Prov I uces Of R io de l a Plata it see m s goo d for th e se curity

,
a s w e l l as enc ou rag e m ent o f s uch c o m mercial inter co urse and for th e ,
m aintenance of good under standing bet w een His sa id Britan n ic Majesty

a n d th e s aid Unite d PI o v in ce s that the relations n ow s ubsist ing bet w een
,
t he m S hould be regularly a ckno w ledged a nd con fi rm ed by th e sign ature o f

a Treaty of A m it y Co m m er ce and Navigation
, ,
.
F or this purpose they ha ve n a m ed their respective Plen ipotentiaries ,
th at is to say
His Maj esty the King o f the United Kingdo m of Great Brita in and
,
Ir eland Woodbine Parish H is s ai d Maj esty s Consul General , in t h e

, ,
’
-
Provinc e o f Buenos Ay res a nd it s depe nden cies and the Unite d Provinces
o f R io de la Pl ata Sr D Manuel J ose Ga rcia
,
. . Min ister S ecretary for th e
,
D epart m ent of Govern m ent F inance an d Foreign Affairs , of the Natiofial

, ,
E xe cutive Pow er of the sa id Provinces .

'
T R EAT IE S or OMM ERCE C
W h o a ft er h aving co m m uni cated to each other their res p e ctive F ull

,
Po w ers found to b e i n due and p roper for m , have agre e d Upon an d

,
c oncl uded the follo w ing articles

Art 1 There shall be perpetual a m ity b et w een th e do m inions an d
. .
subjects of His Maj esty the King of the United Kingdo m of Great Britain
and Ireland and the Un ited Provin ces of Rio de l a Plata a nd thei r
,
inh abitants .
Art 2 There shall b e b et w een all th e territorie s of His Britann ic

. .
,
Maj es ty in E u rope and the territories of the United Provin ces of Rio de
,
la Plata a re ciprocal freedo m of co m m erc e The i nh abi tants of the t w o

,
.
c ountries respectiv ely S hall have liberty freely and securely to co m e w ith
,
their ships a nd cargoes to all such plac es ports a n d rivers in the territorie s , ,
a foresa id to w hich other forei gners are or m a y b e per m itted to co m e t o '
, ,
enter into the sam e and re m ain and reside in any part of th e said territori e s
respectivel y ; also to hire and occupy h ouses and w arehouses for th e
purpose s of their c o m m erce ; and generally the m er chants and traders o f
each nation resp ectively shall enjoy th e m ost c om plete protection an d
, ,
’ '
security for their co m m erce ; subj ect al w ays to the 1aw s and statutes o f
t he t w o c o untries resp e ctively .
Art 3 Hi
. S Maj esty t he King
. of th e Uni te d K ihn in Of Gre at Britai n
that i n a l l HiS D omi nions S i tuate d O
”
a n d Ire l and e ng a ge S furt her

, , iit of
Europe the inhabitants of the United Pro vinc es of Rio de la Pl ata sh al l
,
have the like l iberty of c o m m erc e an d n avigation stipulated for in th e

prece ding article to the full extent in w hi ch the sa m e is per m itted at
,
prese nt Or shall b e per m itted here after t Oany o ther n a t iOn

,
.
Art 4 NOhigher or other d utie s sh all b e i mposed o n the i m portati on

. .
into the territories of His Br it annic Maj e sty of any a rticl eS o f the grt h , ,
ro duc e or m anufacture of the Unit e d Pi o vince s of the Rio de la Plata

p ,
a n d no higher or other duties sh all be i m p o sed on the i m portation into th e

said U nited Provinces Of any ar ticles of the gro w th produce o r
, , ,
m anufacture of His Brit ann iO Maj esty s d om inions than are or shall b e
’
, ,
payable on the like a 1 t icl e s being the gr ow th p rOduce or m anufa ct ure

, , , ,
o f any O ther fore ign co untry ; n or Shall any other or high er d utie s or
’
t orie s o r dom in iO
,
n s of eithe r Of the
‘
charges b e i m o sed in the t e I ri
p
con tra ct ih parti s 0 11 th e exportat i on of any articles to th e terri torie s
g e ,
or do m ini ons O f the oth er than such as are or m ay b e payabl e o n the

,
e xp O of the l ike articles to a n y oth er foreign co unt ry i or :

rt at io n
'
shal l any p iohibition be i m po se d upon the e xport ati on of a ny articl e th e

‘
'
' ’
go w th produce orrifaniifact ure of His Britannic Maje st y s dOhiihioIis or o f

' '
r ’ '
the s aid Unite d Province s, w hich shal l not equ al l ye x te nd to al l oth e in ations
‘
'
.
1 18 r nm r rns O F
' '
'
. C O MM ER C E ;
the s aid United Provinces , a s the na tives thereo f to m anag e the ir ow n ,
a ffa irs the m selves o r to co m m it the m to th e m a n age men t of

,
’
.
'
.
w ho m soe ver they please a s broker factor , age nt er interprete r ; a u or

, , ,
shall they be oblig ed to e m ploy a ny ot h er persons for those p urposes nor ,

-
to p ay the m any sala ry or re m uneration unless they Sh all c hoose to e m ploy ,
the m and absolute freed om shall be allo w ed in all cases t o the buy er , ,
.
and seller to bargain and fix the pric e of any go ods w ares or m er ch an diz e , ,
i m ported into o r exported fro m the said Unite d Provi nces a s t h e y

'
'
, , ,
S ha l l see good .
Art 9 In w hat relates t o the loading or unloadi n g of Ships th e safety

. .
,
o f m erchandise goods a nd effects th e disposal o f p i op e rt y o f every s or t

, , ,
and deno m ination by sale don ation or exchange or in a ny other m anne r

, , , ,
t .
w hatsoever as also the ad m inistra tion of j ustice

,
th e s ubj ects and citizens ,
“
of th e t w o contracting parties S hall enj oy in their respe ctive do m inion s ,
'
t he sa me p ri vileges libert y and rights as th e m ost favoured nation and

, , , ,
‘
S hall not be ch a r e d in any of these respects w ith any high er dut ie s or
'
g
.
i m posts than th ose w hich are p aid or m a y be paid by the n ative subj e ct s , ,
o r citizens of the Po w er in w hose do m i nions they m a y be r esiden t They

‘ ‘
sh all be exe m pted from al l co m p ul sory m i l itary servi ce w h atsoever ,

w hether by sea or land and fro m all forced loans or m ilitary exactions or
, ,
req uisition s ; n either shall they b e c o m pe lled to pay any ordinary taxes ,
'
under any pretext w h at soever greater t h an t hose that are p aid b y n ative ,
-
subje cts or citizens .
Art 1 0 . It shall be free for ea ch of th e t w o cont racting p arti es to appo in t

.
Consul s for the protection of trade to reside in the do mini on s and ,
territories of the other party but befor e any C onsul shal l act as such He ,
shall in the usual for m b e approved and ad m itted by th e govern m ent t o

, ,
w hich he is sent a nd e ither of the con tracti n g parties m ay exc ept fro m .
the residenc e of Consuls s uch particular pla ce as either of the m m ay , .
j udge fit to b e so ex cept ed .
Art 1 1 For the b etter se curity of co m m erce bet w een the s ubj e cts of
. .
His Britanni c Majesty and the inhabita nts of the United Province s of Rio
,
de l a Pl a ta 1 t 1 S a g
,
ree d that if at a ny ti m e any interrupt ion o f frie ndly
com m ercial intercourse or any r uptu re should unfortunately t ake place
,
'
'
bet w een the t w o contracting parties the s ubjects or c itizens of either o f

‘
‘
th e t w o contra cting p arties residin g in the d om inions of th e other , s hal l

‘
‘
h ave the privilege of re m aining a nd continuing their trade therein ,
w ithout a ny m anner of interruption s o long as they behave peaceably , ,
a n d co m m it n o offenc e aga inst th e la w s and their effe cts and property '
; ,
T REA TY w rm
’
E ND L AND .
.
1 19
h e the re or to th e state , sha l l not be diab l e t o

d t o individua l s
’
'
w nt ruste
‘
'
.
s e iz ur e or seq uestration or to any oth er de m a nds th an th os e w hich m a

, y
b e m a de u p o n the lik e effects or property b elon ging to the native
.
i nhabitants of the state in w h ich such s ubj ects or cit izens m a y reside .
Art 1 2 Th e subj ects of His Brita nnic Maj esty residin g i n th e Un ited
. .
P rovinc es of Rio de la Pla ta S hall not be dist u rbed pe rse cuted or

, , ,
a nnoyed on account of their religion b ut they S hall h ave perfect liberty ,
of conscience therein and to cel ebrate Divine ser vice either w ithin their
,
o w n private houses or in the i r ow n p articular chur ches or chapels w hich

, ,
t hey S hall b e at liberty to b uild and m aintain i n c on ve nien t plac es approved ,
of by the Govern m ent of the sai d United Provin ces L iberty shal l also .
be gra nt e d t o b ury the subj e cts of His Britann ic Majesty w ho m a y di e in th e

‘
territories of the said United Provin ces i n their ow n b urial pla ces w hich , , .
in the sam e m ann er they m a y esta b l is h and m ainta in In th e like m a nn er .

,
th e c itiz ens of the said United Provin ces shal l enjoy w ithin all the ,
d o m inions of His Britanni c Maj esty a pe rfect and unrestraine d libert y o f

conscience and of exer c ising their religion publicl y or pri vately w ithin
, ,
the ir ow n d w ellin g hous es or i n th e chapels and pla ce s of w orshi p

, ,
appoi nted for that purpose a greeable to th e syste m of toleration ,
established in the do m inio ns of His Ma j esty .
Art 1 3 It shall b e free for the s ubje cts of His Britannic Maj esty residing
. .
,
in t he Unite d Provin ces of Rio de l a Pla ta to dispo se o f their property o f , ,
e very de scription by w ill or tes ta m ent as they m ay j udge fit ; and in th e

, ,
e vent o f any Brit ish subjects dyi ng w ithout such w ill or tes ta m ent i n th e
. ,
terri tories of the Sa i d United Provinces , the British C onsul G eneral or -

, ,
in his absen ce his representative S h al l ha ve the right to n o m in ate curators

, ,
to ta ke charge of the property of the dec eas e d for the benefit of his ,
l a w ful h eirs and creditors w i thout inter feren ce giving convenient notice
, ,
'
thereof to the a uth ori t ies of the country a n d recipr oc ally .
Art 1 4 His Britanni c Maj esty b eing extre m ely desiro us of totall y
. .
a bol i s hing the sl ave t ra de the United Provinces of Rio de la Pl ata

,
.
engage to cc operate w ith his Brita nnic Maj esty or the c o m pletion of so
-
,
b e n e fi ce nt a w ork and to proh ibit all p erso ns inhabitin g w ith in t he sa id

,
U ni ted Prov inces or subj e ct to thei 1 j urisdiction , in the m ost effe ctua l
,
m ann e 1 a n d by the m o st sole m n l a w s fro m t akin g a ny sh are in such trade

, ,
.
Art 1 5 Th e present treaty Shall b e ratified an d the ra t ificat ion s sha ll

. .
,
b e exch anged in L ondon w ith in four m onths or soo ner if po ssible ,

.
In w itness w here of , the respe ctive Pl en ipotentiaries ha ve Si gned th e

s a m e , and have a ffixed their se als th ereunto
- .
1 20 Ta s a rrnsx or 1
. CO M E M R CE .
1
D one at Buen os A yr es the s e cond day 0 f F e bruar y, in the y ear : of e ur

‘
‘
1 i
,
Lord one tho usa nd eight h un dr e d a n d t w e n ty five t -

.
W OO D B INE P ARI S H (L S M C ons ul Ge n era l ) . .

-
.
MANU EB Josh G AR C IA (L S )1
'
1 1
. .
1
a treaty wa s con clu ded bet w

1 11 1 1 8 3 9 e e n En gland a n d Buenos Ayre s for
t he suppression of the slave trade slavery having bee n al r ead y abolish ed ,
in the R ive r P l ate .
In 1 8 4 2 the Uni ted States sole m nly re cogm se d the e m an cipation of L a

Pl at a fr om Spain .
In 1 8 4 9 Gr eat B rIt a in raise d the block a de re s tored li

l art in Garcia and ,
'
,
' r
m ade peace w ith the tyrant Ros as the latter consenting to w ithdra w hi s ,
for ces fro m the Banda O riental By t his treaty t he navigation of the r iver s .
Par ana a nd Ur uguay w a s re cognised as in l an d navi gation so l ely pertaining ,
t othe Argentine Be p ubl ic an d Banda O riental .
In 185 3 a fter the fall o f Bosas Gener al U1 qu iza ha stened to t hro w open
, ,
n of the riv e rs to the flags of all nations On th e l oth Jul y of

_
t he na vigati o .
s ai d
y ear the Mi nisters of the l
Uni ted States Great B rit a in an d F ran ce ! , ,
p eeded to San Jose de F lore s and there conc l ud ed identi cal treaties Ion
ro c ,
t his subje ct .
1 1 . ir '
1
1 1
1 11 1 : a r r wir e TH E UN I T ED S T TE S A '
id ent of th e Unite dStates and His E xcel lenc y t h e Provrsronal

‘
,
H
t h e Argentine Con fe de ra t Ion b ei ng désirous of str
' '
t he b ond sof friendshi p w hich so h appi l y s ubsist their

S tates a nd C ount ries , and convi nc ed th at the
th is result 1 5 t o take 1 11 co nce rt all t he meas ures re quisite for
a nd develop ing co m m er cial re l a t icms ha ve resolved
'
the conditions of the free na vigat ion of the ri vers

a nd thus to re m ove the obst acles w hic h h ave hi therto i m p e d ed t his
na vi gation .
M ‘ “
With this obj e ct they h av e n am ed as the ir Pleni potent iaries , th at
"
"
Pr eside nt o f th e United States Robert C She n ck En voy Extraor "
T he ,
.
,
~
din a ry a n d lil inist e r Plen ipotenti ary of th e United St at es t o

John S Pe n dl eton Ch a rge d Affaires of t he Unit ed State
'
' ’
.
,
'
'
And His Ex ce l l e ncy th e Pro visional Dire ctor o f the Arg entine 1 Gou fe
'
'
1
f ~
deration , Do ctor Don Sal vador Mari a del Ca rril and Doctor D on J os e
'
1 '
. .
Be nj a m in Gorosti a ga .
122 r nnAT m s or
'
g ranted to the flag or trade of any oth e r natio n w hich shall not equal ly '
extend to those of the United States .

’
Art 9 The present tre aty shall be ratified on the p art of th e Govern
. .
m ent of th e United States w ith in fifteen m onths fro m its dat e and w ithi n ,
t w o days by His E xcelle n cy the Provision al Director of th e Argentin e

C onfe deration w h o sh all present it to the first L egislativ e Congress of t h e
,
Confederation for th eir approbation .
The rat ifi ca t ion s shall b e exch ange d at the seat of Gove rm n e n t z of th e

Argentin e Confederation w ithin the ter m of eighteen m onths .
In w itness w hereo f the respecti ve Plenip otentiaries h ave sign ed thi s

treaty and affi xed thereto their seals
,
.
“
Done at San J osé de F lores on th e tenth day of July i n the y e a r o f our
L ord on e thous and eight hun dred and fift y thre e — BO BE RT Sa N-
K —
J 0 11 11
.
~
S P ENDLE T O N — S AL VAD O R Ai m D EL C 1 1111 1 L —

. J 0 5 15 B Gono sr ix e x . .
General Urq uiz a s Govern m ent concluded a convention w ith

In 1 8 58 ,
’
H B M s Minister Mr Christie at Paran a for pay m ent of da m ages c ause d

. . .
’
,
.
, ,
to British subje cts during the c iv i l w ars the clai m ants re ceiving 6 pe r,
ce n t . bon ds .
PU B LI C 111 11 11 . 12 3
C H AP .
BI O GRAPHIE S or PUB L IC
PRE S ID EN T SAR NIIE N T O
DO M IN G O F AU ST IN O SABMLEN T O w a s b orn i n th e to w n of Sa n Jua n at th e

end of February 1 8 1 1 , nine m onth s a fte r the glorio us 2 5t h of May tha t
m a rks th e bir thday of the Arge ntine n ation His father thoug h
,
.
,
uneduca ted w a s an enthus i ast ic p atriot and took an active par t in t h e

, ,
r evolution w hich e m ancipat ed h is native co untr y fro m t he Coloni al regi m e .
F i ndin g at eve ry s tep , t he disadva ntages o f h is i gnoran ce be deter m ine d

, ,
,
that his son s ho ul d not share the m and fro m the ear ly a ge of five years
, , ,
s ent him to s c h oo l There y oun g Sar m ien t o by his app l ication and t alent
.
, ,
gave al ready sign s of h is future grea tness Being origin all y desti ne d for
,
.
'
t he Ch urch he w a s sent i n 1 8 2 4 t o th e Loreto Se m inary at Cordova but

, , ,
the r evolutio n o f C arita h aving depr ived him of his L atin m aster h e
, ,
b egan in 1 8 2 5 to study m athe m ati cs and land surveying under Mr Barreau .
the en gineer of th e province In th e sam e y ea r he w ent to Sa n Luis w ith

.
his relation t h e Clerigo O ro t o contin ue the studies w hic h the rev oluti o n
, ,
o f the previous y ea r ha d interrupted In 1 8 2 6 returni ng to his nativ e . .
to w n h e hire d as clerk i n a store , b ut hi s nights w ere devote d either t o

,
read ing or to discuss ion s w ith h is un cle Father Albarracin o n the Bible
, , , .
He t ook a n a ctive pa rt in the c am p aign that foll o w ed a gainst F a cn n do

Quiroga i n Sa n Juan and that against F raile Alda o in Mendoz a w hi ch
, ,
ended in t h e ca tastrophe of Pila r w here he rose to the rank of Capta in

v
, ,
a n d w her e his cour age and prese nce o f m in d saved him

- fro m m any
124 PU B LI C MEN .
dangerous chances The victory of F acundo Q uiroga in Chacon in 1 8 3 1

.
, , ,
obliged h im and m ost of his com a n l on s to e m igrate to C hile w here h e

p ,
w a s su ccess i vely school m aster in the An des b ar keep er in Pocuro clerk -

, ,
i n a com m er cial ho use in Valparaiso and m ajor do m o o f m in es in Copiap o ,

.
In 1 8 3 6 he returned to San Juan poorer th an he had left a nd sufferin g ,
fro m se vere illness He then in society w ith Drs R osas Cortinez and , .
, ,
Aberastain devoted h is energies to pro m ote several in stitutions of great

,
u tility for th e p rovin ce cf San J ua n s u ch as a college for girl s anoth er , ,
for boys a dra m atic society and last though not least the Z onda a w eekly
, , , , ,
p ublication tha t tended to i m p rove and instr uct the m asses

, General .
Bena vide s w h o w a s then th e absolute ruler of San Jua n t ook u m bra ge at

, ,
th e influen ce and positio n young S a rm ie nto w a s acquiring a n d not only , ,
suppresse d the Z onda b ut left n o stone unturned by vexatious persecution

, , ,
t o oblige h im once m ore to e m igrate In thi s he at last su c ceeded ; and in

Nove m b er 1 8 4 0 Sar m iento again crossed the C ordillera do om ed to eat for
, ,
a long t i m e the hard earned bread of exile O n his s econd visit to Chile he
-
.
b ega n to take an active p art inth e politics of his a dop t e d country , and '
b oth as editor of several papers a n d as a w riter o f literary w orks m or e , ,
especially o f ed ucation he a cq uired 6 1 1 1 1511 5 1511 a fa m e w hich found echo

,
e ven in th e O ld W orl d In 11 8 W and 1 1 8 4 7 h e 11va s s ent t o z Europ e on a

.
1
hm issiohfiby th e C hilian Gov er nm ent , t o finsp e ct ifa n dl iié p ort rup on sOh Ool s
‘ '
' ’ ‘
c or
a hd ie ducat ional i n stitutio ns a n dl fon

' '
of this
' ‘
l i
tr av e s ; w hi h h e publ i shed By h isp ow e rful w riti ngs : in t h e p e r ioidical
; ‘
“
n
c . »
p ress and in h is other

'
contrib uted to t h e ov e rth ro w ofit h e t yran t

'
“
[
Rosas a nd a l So t ook a n activ e p art in t he fi nal St e ne t h at w a s e na ct e diOn

'
’
i ‘
'
1 ‘ ’ ‘
the plain s Of Casero s w h ere h e he l dl th e l ra i k of Chie f o f 'the St aff idf ; the '
i ‘
' '
Gra n de i e rcito L ibe rt ador } a rid

'
fam o u s b ul l e t in
‘
n
i
é éa
{
iv i g h fi i l ccount O f that c elebrat e d acti o n Having, ho w e ve r

i
t
‘
g e o a .
,
“
fallen out w ith Urq uiz a he took l up ‘his r esiden ce in Bu e nos Ayre s an d
'
’
, ,
c ontin ued taking an a ct ive p a rt 1 n (the t ro ubl e d f p ol itics o f tho se days

'
' ’
1
,
"
prin ci p al l y as editor of th e Na ciona l He w a s then a p p oint e d In spect or ;
'
~
'
.
l
'
G ener al of w a s able b y his grea t

'
kn ow ledge to effe ct v a st im p rove m e nts in th e edu cational sy st e m of the ‘

‘
' ' ‘
.
cou nt ry f After the b a Gove rnor M itre as

'
1
t tl e O f C ep e d a
i ‘ '
Minist ro de GObie rno until the sa d ne w s a rrive d Of t l ig t fa gical deat h of h is

'
' '
‘ ' ' '
- ’
, .
schO ol fell ow a n d frie n

'
d Ab e ra s tain ; ‘an d O f th e i nvasion of Ju an Sa a ih t h e

'
‘
-
p rov in ce o f S an Ju a n He d iS a g 1 é e d'
w1t h h is .c ol l e a gue s as t o ‘t
h e a ct iOn '
’
that th e G overn ment of Buenos Ayres ivas called to a sSurne and res ig ne d '
,
He subs equently t oO k pa rt in the ca m p a ign tha t w a s de c ided on ‘the fb ank s

’ ‘
'
‘
' 1
3 1 11 J uan; a fte r
'
o f the of D ec e m ber re e nt e re d’ S
1 26 PU B LI C MEN .
rare l y m e t w ith a m on our public m e n and w h ich he inher its fro m h is

gU ,
m other D O,
na A Maz a daughter of Dr M anuel Vi c
.
, ente Maza w hO tO .
,
busy publi c a ffair s during the t i m e of R osa s and w hOse tragi c chd ‘
,
isno His ad m inist ration a s Governo rOf Buenos Ayr es wa s re m ark

a ble for t w o i m portant m ea sures either of w hich IS s u ffic ient to thro w o ver
,
it a lustre of 1 m per ishable glory : they are th e foun dation of the Ofi cin a de
Ca m bios for fixing the value of the c urrency and the city Wat er wo r
,
ks ,
-
.
G ENE RAL I
1
111 1 1 11 13 , E X -
PRE SIDEN T .
Briga dier General Bartolo m é Mitre th e late President of th e Re p ubl i

O
-
,
is a native of Bue n O s Ayres He c o m m enced his career a s cadet o f artil l ery

.
in Montevideo in 1 8 3 9 rose to the rank of capta in fighting a gainst the

,
' '
a r m ies of O ribe and Urq uiz a until 1 8 1 5 w hen he left for C hile , w h er e he ,
w as appointed Colonel and fou ght against Bolivia co m m an ding a fi el d ,
batt ery a fter the w ar he edited several papers and ca rhe in 1 8 52 ,
c o m m a nding the O riental a rtillery of th e allied ar m y a ainst R osas i n

,
g ,
W a s elected deputy to the lo cal legislature 1 vh ic11 , h aving m ade ,

’
s trong oppo s iti on t o t h é o ver nm ent w as forcibly di ssol v ed and he w it h

G
'
, ,
s evera l ot h e rs w ent int Oexi l e He w a s re ca l l e d a fter t he revol ution of

l
.
1
1 8 5 2 appointed co m m ander Of the fO rce s i n Bueno sA yre s in t he siege o f

”
.
,
1 8 5 3 and w a s m ade Minister of W a r ; w a s pro m ote d to t he rank of Gen eral

,
i n 1 8 59 and co m m ande d the a i m y of Buenos Ayres at the b attle of

,
C epeda w h ich he lost

,
W a s ele cte d G overnor of the Provin ce 111 18 6 0
.
,
p i om ot e d to the r ank O f B r1 ga d 1 e r Gene 1 al a n-

d w on the b a tt l e O f Pavon
aga inst the ar m y of th e C o nfederatiou afterwhich h e paO
'
ifi e d the country ,
’
and w a s un ani m ously ele cte d President in O ctober 1 8 6 ? D ur i ng hi s

a dm in i st ra t iOn Buenos Ayres m a de g re at p rOgréss in i nd ustry co m merc e ,
and p ubl iO enterprises The C O1 dob a ra il w ay electric telegrap h a n d

.
, ,
o ther notabl e w orks are a ssoO ia t e d w ith th is eriod ; b ut it is also true that
p
t he s tate of the Upper P1 o v1 n ce s w a s de p l O rabl e the Indians devastat i ng ,
t he frontiers w ith i m p un it y But for the w ar w ith Pa ra guay the Arg entine
.
,
Republi cm ust h ave a dv anc ed w ith rapid strides in all the arts of peace . .
General Mitre al w ays evinced great friendship fOr Englishm en and IS an ,
’
a d m irer of o ur literature having translated so m e of L ongfello w 5 poe m s
,
.
He stands high as a Spanish w riter for his life of General Belgrano and is
, ,
a m em b e rof several E uropean liter ary asso ciations O n the con cl usiOn of .
h i s ter m of o ffi c e O ctob er 1 2 th 1 8 6 8 his friends and ad m ire r s purcha se d a

, ,
house for him He is fond of pla y ing chess , a nd is a thoro ugh re publ ican
.
in sentim ent .
G E NE RA L U R QU IZA . 127 1
GENE RAL m om s .
,
Justo José de Urquiz a Capta in Ge n e ra l , e x President an d Gove rnor of
,
- -
E ntre R ios ; w as born near Concep cion a bo ut the be ginn in g o f t he present

-
,
ce ntury H e began life behind a dra pe r s coun ter b ut soon took to a ’

'
,
. .
m ilitary career in w hich he w a s e m inently succ essful

, ,
He expe lled . .
R osas i n 1 8 5 2 w as elected Pr esident gave a Constitution to the Republic , ,
thre w open the 1 ivers t o the flags of all n ations and re stored 0 1 der 1 n th e ,
u pper pro vi nces In 1 859 h e obliged Buenos Ayres t o re enter the

.
-
A rgent ine Confede ration b ut w a s defeated b y General Mitre in 1 8 6 1

,
.
S ince th e n he h a s l i 1 ed in retire m ent at his prin cely estan cia o f Sa n Jos e

n ear Concepcion w here h e treats all v isitors especially Englishm en w ith
, , ,
the w ar m est hospitality Hi s cattle and sheep far m s are as large as som e -
Of the s m al ler E urop e a n m onarch ies an d give h im a splendid inco m e , .
He encourage s i mm ig ration rail w a y s d O and has s ubscribe d £ 2 0 0 0 0 to

, ,
.
, ,
t h e C entral A rgentine Co m pany He w a s a g a in el ected Gove rnm of E ntr e .
R ios m 1 8 6 7 and w a s next after S a r m iento i n t he l ist o f candi dates for

,
t he Pre sidency His l a st se 1 vice to th e Republic w a s the p a cifi ca t ion of

'
C orrient es in un ion w ith the vete 1 a n diplo m atist Dr Velez Sarsfi e l d

, ,
.
T H E A R C HB ISHO P O F ,
‘
B UEN O S AYRE S .
His Gra ce Dr J Ma ria Bust il l os y Z eb allo s de E sca lada is desc e nde d

,
. 0 56
1
.
~
,
Sp nish fa l y and born th is ci ty :AD He w a s

c f a n ol d m i w in 1 80 0
'
a a s ,
1
. . .
,
ra ise d to the epis copa l dignity as co adj ut or to the late Bishop Me drano - ~ 1
u n de r wt h e title B ishop of A ulon in p a rtibus In 1 8 5 4 a Papal bull

‘ ‘ ’
.
,
'
c reated him Bishop of Bueno s A yr es ; and in 1 8 6 6 the se e w a s elevated to

a n Ar ch bishopric Dr E scalada is a m a n of po rtly and p atri a rch a l
. .
a ppearance and is m uc h e st e e m e d for his un assu m i n g m anners H i s

,
.
-
pala ce in th e Plaza Vi ctoria a dj a cent to the Cathedr al w a s erected for

, ,
'
,
“ '
h im b y the State in 1 8 6 1 He has a se creta ry a chaplain a nd thre e

'
.
, , ,
c lerks for the despatch of b us ines s His salary is abo ut a yea r . .
O ut of his pri vate fortune he ha s b uilt a cha p el near the E nglish ce m et ery ,
connected w ith the diocesan cl e rica l col l e ge

'
G O V ERN O R ca sr no .
E m il io Ca stro ,Governor of the Prov ince o f Buenos Ayre s i s a n ative of ,
t his c ity and about fifty y ears of a ge

, He has rendere d long an d v a ried .
s ervices in m any public ca a citie s and e n o s e n e ra l confidence In

p j y g 1 8 59 ,
0‘ .
h e w as Chief of Poli ce ; in 1 8 6 1 as co m m ander of a b attalion of National

Guards h e saw som e m ilitary service : Being elected S enator in the Provincial .
L egislat ur? he he l d his seat in th e Cha m b er til l chosen its Presiden t .

1 28 PUBL IC M EN
'
.
U n der the la st ad m inistrationh the offic e of Govern m ent Inspector

’
e fi l le d
’
of Rail w ays O n the el e vation of Go v ernor A l sina to the Vice Pr e siden cy

'
1 -
.
o f the R epubli c Mr Castro a s President of t h e Se nate , b e cam e Gov e m or

,
. 1
,
e x offlcr
-
flo Having been educated in S c otl an d h e has strong sym pathies , ,
for everything E nglish an d is of c ourse conversant w ith e m l a nguage

, .
DR SAR SF IE LD PRI M E M IN I ST E R .
,
-
Velez Sa rsfi e l d w a s born 1 11 C o1 dova about the beginningo f th e

'
D al m ac1 o
present century and re cei ved h is educatio n 1 n the uni versity of t ha t c ity
, .
H e has long b een rep uted the fir st j urisconsult in th e country an d h is ,
C ivil C ode co m pile d at the request of C ongr ess is j ust published

,
D urin g , .
v ar ious ad m inistrations he held oflice s u ccessi vely a nd 11 1 8 n am e is a ssociate d ,
w ith Bank -
e form and other i m portant m ea sures
1 In th e last Co ngress h e .
s at as S e nator for his native province The n e w Pi e side n t on assu m i ng .
o ffi ce gave h im t he d1 1 e ct 1 0 n of th e C abinet a s Min ist er o f Interior Dr . .
S a rsfi e l d c l ai m s to be des cended fro m a distinguished Irish fa m ily : he is

well read 1 n the j udi cial literature of E ngla nd a n d North A m eri ca and his ,
n a m e i s n ot unk no w n in high legal circles in Ger m any He i s an able .
s peaker and w riter
D R VARE LA F O REI G N A F F A IR S
‘
. .
,
'
M ariano Varela Minister for Foreign Affairs , i s son o f the l ate F loren ci o
,
'
Varela a d istinguishe d w riter w h o wa s assas sinated in Mont evideo by

, ,
'
o rder of General O ribe on a ccount of his w ritings in the Com e rcz o de l Pl a te

’
.
,
T he brothe rs He ctor and Mariano Varela ser ve d their ti m e a s printers in

Rio J ane y ro after the fal l of Rosas they ca m e to Buenos Ayre s a n d
- :
e stablishe d the Tr ib una ne w spaper w h i ch soon a cq uire d the fore m ost pla c e ,
i n the press of these c ountries Dr Varela distin guished hi m self no l es s . .
in C on gress than a s a journalist an d entered the M inisterial career unde r ,
G overnor Alsina a s Minister o f Finan ce for the Provin ce of Buenos A yr e s

,
.
T he forei gn m erchants presented h im w ith a gold m edal for his labors i n

es ta blish ing a fixed c urrency He has taken a diplo m a as D octor o f L aw s , .
a n d IS a good En glish schol ar He is onl y thirty t w oyea 1 s of age

.
- .
5 11 (1 0 11 0 5 1 1 1 11 1 F I NAN C E
. 1
,
.
Benj a m in G orostiaga even before his a ppoint m ent to the portfolio o f

,
Financ e w a s fa vo1 abl y k no w n a s a poli tical e cono mist h aving gained an

,
,
.
early reputation u n der the ol d re gi me at Par an a D urin ghis p ai l ia m ent ary .
c areer in the Congre ss c onvened by General M itre h e vsas al w ays ,
re rriai k a bl e for h is cl e a i
.
n e s
s of v i e w s a n d h is m aster y o f s t atistica l ,
re t u1 n s .
He is ab out s ixty y e ars o f age ,
and has a fine e st a n e
jma n ear
Chivi l coy .
13 0 P U B LI C M EN .
GENERAL
PAUNER O
W enceslaus Pauner o Argentine Minist er at Rio ; is a nati ve of Monte
,
‘
v i d eo
,
an d began his m ilitar y c areer in 1 8 2 6 in the ca mpaign agai nst
'
‘
.
‘
Bra z il s In th e civil w ars of 1 8 2 8 3 6 h e sided aga inst Ros as and w a s

‘ ‘
-
.
,
for c ed to take refuge in Bol ivia w h ere he m ade a living as s h op a s sist ant
‘
-
, ,
a nd after w ards s tarted a n e w s paper The Mon t e vide a n Go vern ment .
n a m ed h im Ch a rge d Affa ire s in Bolivia an d during his residence th ere

’
,
h e m a n ie d the s ister of C e n ci al Ballivian (after w ards President ) In 1 8 5 1 .
h e retu rned to the River Plate t o a ssist in the w a 1 against Ro sas an d w a s

, ,
p resen t a t the b attle of Ca se 1 o s 1 8 5 2 He served against the Indians till

—
.
,
1 8 58,
and w a s General Mitre s C hief of Staff both at C epeda and Pavon
’ -
b eing m ade a Major Gen eral on the latter fi eld H e has s ince seen m u ch
-
.
s ervice in the civil w a r w i th the C hach o the Parag u ayan ca m paign th e , ,
S a n Juan revolution &c ,

He w a s candidate for Vice President at th e
.
-
l a t e election but w a s de feated by l ) A dolfo Al sina

,
O ne of the first a ct s
o f Presiden t Sar m iento w a s to confide to hi m the i m portant m ission that
h e n ow holds .
D ON
'
no nnnnr o m n sr na u
Norb erto dc la Riestra as born 1 11 this city in 1 8 2 5 o f Spa nish parentage , ,
a n d w hen young se nt to E ng l and for educati o n He w a s 11 1 st e m ployed m .
a co m m ercial ho use 1 11 L i verpool and a ft e rw m ds sent out to take ch arge

,
o f the b ran ch house 1 11 his native city H is e m i nent financial t alent s soo n
.
s he w ed the m selves and h e w a s chosen for the delicate t ask of arr an ging
,
t h e Bu e n os Ay r e a n debt in L ondon This b us iness h e concluded so .
s at isfacto rily th at th e Bonds at once rose to a n unp 1 e ce de nt e d figure an d ,
h e m e it e d the thanks no less of the Bond holde 1 s than o

t f h is ow n Go vern
m ent and count ry m en In 1 8 6 0 h e b e ca m e Financ e Minister for the
.
.
P rovince of Buen os Ayres and on the incorporati on of this st ate w ith th e

,
C onfederation w a s ch os en for the s a m e o ffice i n the Cabi net of Paran a

'
'
B ut the r upt ure w hi ch soon took pla ce w ith Buen os Ayres induced h im to
r es i gn the portfolio and return to this city w here the vi ctor y of Pavon ,
o und h i in his old post and as con fidential ad viser of Pres ident M it re
f m ,
h e is kno w n to h ave steadfastl y ad vocated the non repudiat ion policy in all
-
m atters of public debt t h e ,

a doption of w h ich h a s established our
‘
National Credit on a fi rm basis Havi ng resigned h is seat in the Cabinet

.
,
h e w a s soon elected Senator in the Provincial L e gislat ure a nd distin

.
,
u is h e d hi m self by his labors for the Great Southern Rail w a y and a sche m e
g ,
fo r the r ede m ptio n of paper m oney -

O n the form ation of the L ondon and
.
.
m v er P l at e B a nk ,
the Bo ar d s e c u r e d h is in flu e n ce an d a d vice by na m in g
PU B LI C 111 11 11 . 13 1
him Resident Director Mr Riestra m ay be in m any respects al m o st. .
c ons idere d an English m an an d his sy m pathies and regard for everything ,
E nglish are w ell kno w n W e nee d not add that h e is a strenuous friend of
-
.
im m igration and o f all A nglo Argentine enterprise s

,
In May 1 8 6 5 on -
.
,
th e o ccas ion of the Para guayan w ar he w as sent to London to negoti at e ,
a loan voted by Congress for t w o and a half m i l lio n s st erlin g : th is he

,
-
c oncluded at 7 2 } per cent although the Hom e Bonds o f the Republi c w er e

4
.
q uoted a t the ti m e a t forty four in Buenos Ayres F a ili ng heal th

,
-
,
.
prevented his presenting his credentials as Plenipotentiary near t h e

C ourt of St Ja m es . .
AR C E n oa
'
n a nu r
vo B AL C .
'
Th is gentle m an is ac credited Argentine Minister nea r the co urts of

P ari s L on don and Madrid but h e resides w ithin a fe w m iles of P aris
, , ,
.
He is m arried to the daughte r of the fa m ous General S an Mart in o f th e ,
e po ch of Independ e nce He belongs to a w ealthy fa m ily of Buenos Ayres

.
,
a n d is said to b e very hospitable to friends or res idents co m ing fro m t h e
R iver Plate His l ast o ffi cia l business w as in co nne ction w ith th e Argentine
.
s ta ll at the Paris E xhibition .
o s a na s G EN ERAL
sn . r ,
-
.
Ge rvae io A Posa das i s son of th e l a te Supre m e Dim e t er ,J ua n Antonio

’
' ’
" “
Posadas In his youth he s p e nt so m e years in E ngland w he re he beca m e
' ’
.
,
a c qu ainte d w ith m any l eading m e n in cluding Si r R o w land Hill an d oth e rs

’
.
,
He s peaks E nglis h and French fl uently and has introduced m any po stal ,
i m pr ovem ents but the r e ven ue at his dis p os al is m uch t oo Iim it e d and th e
, , ,
pre m ise s are w holl y un suitable N o other dep a rt m ent sho w s so much
'
'
i ncrease as t he Correo the n um ber of letters and p apers re gul arly ,

’
doubl ing e v er y t w o y e ars

‘
C H IE F o r r o m a n
’
111 11 e c o a m . .
’
E nr ique O Gorm a n is desc e nded of a n old and re spec table Fren ch fa m ily
w hose a ncestors w ere o f course Ir ish as the na m e in dic ates
, ,
He i s a n , , ,
a ctive and intelligent o fficial but the prese nt po li ce depar t m ent is a rell e , ,
o f the old Spa nish syste m qui te inade quate t o the ne ces sities of th e tim e
,
'
13 2 M IN IN G nv SAN J UAN .
C H AP . X II .
l l
"
MI NiN G IN ra n e ur o P novnvc n s
-
' ~
1 !H ‘
UA N SAN J .
.
To t he indo m itabl e energy and un ti 1 ing perseverance of th e actu a l

Presiden t of the Republi c H E Dr Don Do m ingo F Sar m iento (during h is
,
. . . . 0
b
G ove r norship of San Juan ) is du e in a great m easure , th e rapid develop

, ,
m e nt of the m ining industry l n this province In the year 1 8 6 2 h e had th e .
m ining distr icts exa m ined by Major F l Ri ckard &e (engage d in

. .
,
. .
C hile for that purpose ) a nd in sight of his various reports and i m partia l
, ,
state m ents a L i m ited L iability Co m pany w a s established 1 n San J ua n w it h

, ,
th e s mall capital of s destined to b e the pioneer undertaking in

.
,
de veloping the hidden ri ches of Tont al distant so m e thirty leagues S S W ,

. . .
fro m the city .
Although the m ines of La Huerta fi fty le agues to the N E h a d be e n

'
.
,
.
,
s o m e ti m e pre viously 1 n operation and a e rude syste m of s m elting h ad been

,
essaye d by the o w ners of S anto Do m ingo the political dist urban ces and
c ons ta nt changes 1 n the ad m inistration pre cluded the possi bility of thei r
b eing w orked to advantage The ores w ere rich in silver and of a plu m
.
,
b iferous nature w ith a tolerably fusible gangue but w ith such appliance s
, ,
a s existed at that e stablish m ent for the extraction of the precious m etals ,
a n d the w ant of k no w le dge and pra ctice on the part of the o w ners or
m a nagers , l arge deficits resulted instead of ga in The s m elting w ork s .
w ere conse quently abandoned , and the m ines on l y kept partial l y w orked ,
a w aiting bri ghter ti m es .

M ININ G
.
13 4 IN SAN J U AN .
a b ove al l as being the On l y fe rtile and inhab i te dval l e y in the w hol e d istrict
.
w her e past u re fora ni m als an d the ne cess aries of l ife are ob tainabl e .
A great dra w back ho w e v er exi sted na m ely its iso lation from all th e
, ,
d entire abs e nce o

, ,
h igh w ays o f tra ffi c an , f any th in g lik e transitable roads .
Hea vy m achinery for crushing and a m al g a m ating th e ores w a s ne cess a ry ,
a nd th o se pie ces w hi ch could not b e m ade s ufficiently light for t ransport

, e
o n m ules had n eces saril y to be tak n up on carts H e re l a y the difi
f cul t y .
H ilar io IS se arated fro m San Jua n by three lofty ranges of m ountain s ; th at

p
o f Tout al on the actual m ule track
, b eing at an elevation of ,
feet
a bove t he sea Na i row de fil e s a
. nd i m passable gor ges traversed by
m ountain to 1 rents intercept the route at v ariou s po ints a nd m ak e the ide a ,
o f for m ing a c a i t road there the w ildest drea m of i m possibility This

,
ins ur m ountable difiicul ty w a s ho w ever overco m e by taking a very

c ircuit o us route to the north ; and by traversing so m e fifty lea gues ofextr a ,
m a ch
r ,
a ro a d w a s m ade p artly b y t he Govern,
m ent a n d pa r t ly by the
C om p any w hi ch if not ma cada iz ed a n d lev el w a s su fficiently t ran sitab l e

, ,
m ,
for l ightly la de nca 1 t s But alas the freight on m achi nery fro m S an Juan
1
.
,
t o Hil ario al m ost e xc eeded t h e a m ount p aid on it fr om Liverpool t o

S a n Juan .
In April 1 8 6 4 the li m ited Co m pany got sh ort of funds and it w a s found ,
that the cap ital w a s too s m all Maj or Rickard then c am e for w ar d and.
o ffered to purchase all the shares at par and co n t in ue the works for hi s
o w n account w ith the ulterior vie w of for m ing an extensiv e co m pany in
,
L on don . His offer w a s a ccep ted and to w ards t he close of 1 8 6 5 th e ,
Hilario w orks b egan to extract s ilver and silv er lead i n large quantities .
D ui ing about ten m onths of a c tive operations s o m e 2 50 ton s of le a d and

9 0 0 0 m arks of silver w ere produced and re mitte d t o E urop e for
,
.
r eal ization .
In addition to over 2 0 0 e m ployés at the w orks inc l uding w o o dcutters ,

-
,
c harco al burners m ul eteers and eones up w ards of 50 0 w ere e m ploye d

p
-
, , ,
in the m ines of Tout a l and Casta no and solely in those be l ong ing t o ,
Maj or R ickard .
At the sa m e ti m e large nu m bers of m iners w 0 1 k e d m ines on their ow n

,
a c count and in all over 1 0 0 w ere at one t i m e in a ctive expl oratio n

,
.
Hundr eds of ton s of ore w ere pro duced and lay at the m ines m out hs , ready ,
’
fo r t ran sm issw n to the w orks but unfortunate l y the m eans of t ran sp 0 1 t

, , ,
w er e fearful l y inad e quat e to the roduction of ore or even the require

p ,
m ents of Hilario The furnaces al one w ere cap ab l e of s m elting six tons
. .
, ,
per day “ and the am alga m ation m ac hinery of passing through four ton s
,
m ore yet the daily deliveries of ore only reached about three tons on t h e
ne vow r rou or 1 86 6 . 13 5
averag e ; Hence the w ork s an d Eur ope an staff of expensive Operativ e s,

, ,
.
w ere m ore than half the ti m e idle w aiting for ore w hich lay in abun dan ce ,
at the m ines b ut could not b e tran sport ed to Hil ario In vain w ere the
,
.
r ates of freight raised unt il al m ost doubl e the ir nor m al or j ust value Th e
,
.
m uleteers co uld not be persuaded or ind uced t o abandon t he ir ac custo m e d
haun ts on the Pa m pa an d bury the m selves in the Andes The industr y

,
.
a nd undertaking w ere n e w in the pro vince on such an extended scale ; the ,
routine an d habits of c enturies had b ee n disturb e d by the bus y and no t t o ,
be defeated A n glo Saxon O rder di sc ipl ine and industrious habits a s

-
.
, , ,
engend ered and exacted bv E uropean s in m atter s of business w e re ,
dis tasteful to th e indolent eas y li ving and indepe ndent denizen s of t he

,
-
,
South But alas ! i n this co untry these are not the only evils aga i n s t
.
,
w hich In dustr y has t o s tr uggle and do battle .
The spr in g of 1 86 6 sa w the fla m e of civil w a r and r evolution ki ndled in

C ny o a nd the unbridled pa ssion s o f the m a sses obta in full s w ay in societ y
,
.
This fatal barrier to the prog re ss of c ivilisation and industry co m in g a t a ,
m o m ent so critical served to co m plete the ruin of the m ining prospects in

,
the province The m ines w er e aban doned b y their o w ners w ho fl ed i n

.
,
nu m bers a cross the Andes seeking refuge in C hile The pe on s a n d

,
.
w ork m en fled to the to w n s t oo eager to j oin in th e orgies of their fello w s

'
, ,
and a ccu m ulate in a da y b y their va ndalis m m ore than the gains of a w hol e
, ,
l ife dedicated to honest toil ! Muletee rs sought re fuge in th e m ount ain

fastnesse s a m ongst unf requented strea m s w here suflicie nt pasture coul d
, ,
be obta ined for the ir m ul es and in order to save the m fro m the gene ra l
,
confiscation decreed by the vandali c hordes on the plain s ! Al l the se

c irc u m s t ance s together w ere t oo m uch for a n e w industry to w ithstand
and so Hilario w as obliged to s uspend o p e ra tions Later on w hen .
,
tranquil lity w a s restored in the interior the w orks w ere res uscitated on a ,
s m all scale and so continued up to rec ently w hen a ne w English C o m pa n y

, ,
ha ving b een for m ed for th e p urpose it p ropo sed to take over the concer n
.
, ,
m ines ,
&c .an d re establish w ork on a large sc al e
,
-
The arra n ge m e nts .
are now being c arried out and the c o m in gy ear 1 8 6 9 w ill see the indust ry
"
, , , ,
p robabl yr in a m ore advanced sta te tha n at any period heretofor e Th e .
m ines are as ab undant as e ver and a re capable of produc ing m u ch bu t , ,
capital and intelligence are sadl y w anting on the part of the o w ners .
In Tont a l a n un productive band of blende (s ulphide of z inc )has appea re d

a t a dep th of sixty yards and it ha s not as y e t been p assed in those m i n e s
,
w here acti ve w ork is being carried on The induce m ent to Cut thr ough .
1
this m ass of ore is ho w ever ver y great a s it is a l m ost ce rtain a rich de p o sit ,
of precious m etal exists beyond Inde ed w e have al m ost a proof of this .

136 M ININ G IN SAN J UAN .
fro m old w orkings fo l lo w ed up 1 n the province of M endoza on sa m e range .
of m ounta in sm w he re the b l ende h as been passed and rich s ilver ore cut ,
prod ucin g u p to 5 0 0 m arks per cajon (thre e tons ) .
The w orkings acti vely carri ed on n ow at Tont a l are fe w co m paratively ,
spe aking but the y ield of good ore is as proportionately ab undant a s

,
—
e ver m any m ore m ines w ou l d be worked if a convenient m arket could be
found for the produce ; h en ce all are anxiously on the qui vice for th e
resuscitation of Hilar io by the n e w co m p any « The Anglo Argentine » w ith -
a c apital o f $ 2 50 0 0 0 s (li m ited )

,
.
.
The geological form ation of Tont al m in eral distri ct proper is al m ost ,
exclusively clay slate an d the ore s raised m a y be divid ed into three

-
c lasses as follo w s
1 Plu m biferous ores princ ipally galenas
.
( )y ielding f ro m 1 0 0 to 1 5 0
m arks p er caj on o f (ii quintals or m ore or less 2 4 5 to 3 6 8 oz s Troy to th e
, .
,
English ton of 2 0 cw t The s ilver exists chiefly as Sulphide Arsenide and

.
, ,
Anti m onide T h is class is not very ab undant

. .
1
2 Dry ref ractory ores or pinta of the class kno w n here as

.
‘ ’
c alido ’ ‘
,
containing a fair share of chloride of silver ; but they should not b e

properly classed a s ca l idos because there exist i n their co m p osition
,
’
arsenide s a n d anti m onides of silver ter m ed frios —they also hold so m e

.
,
s ulphates and carbonates of lead ; are fairly abundant and y ield fro m 50
to 9 0 m arks of silver per cajon or 1 2 3 to 2 2 0 oz s Troy to the English t on
,
. .
3 The sa m e as 2 nd class but o f m uch inferior percentage in s

.
,
ilver and ,
al m ost entirely free fro m lead V ery ab un dant and averaging fro m 1 5 t o
.
,
4 5 m ark s per caj on or fro m 3 7 to 1 1 0 o nz to the E nglish ton

,
. .
The Casta no district is al m ost the opposi te to Tont al as regards th e

c o m position of its ores The greater part of the m are highly pl u m biferous b ut
.
,
ar e w anting in richness of precious m etal They m a y b e classed like those .
o f Tout a l into three kinds The geological for m ation of Casta no is m uch
.
brcken up and con fuse d but th e principal ore b earing rocks are porphyr iti c
,
.
1 Galenas or sulphides of lead

.
,
Very p ure holding up to 8 0 p e r .
,
cent : of lead and fro m 1 0 to 2 0 m arks of silver per cajon Abundant

,
.
,
s o m e veins over three y ards in w id th In depth the sa m e blende bands .

,
have a pp eared a s i n Tout a l but unlik e those are to so m e extent

, , , ,
auriferous Will probably c ut good ore in greater depth

.
.
5 Sulphates and carbonate s w ith m ol y bdates a n d chro m ate s of lead

.
, ,
.
T he for m er very abundan t an d hold fro m 6 0 to 7 0 p er cent of lead and

,
.
,
fro m 8 t o 1 0 m arks of si lver per c aj on or fro m 1 9 to 2 4 oz s to the ton ,

. .
Ii Ferr ugineous and cupriferous silver ores prop er The for m er non
.
,
.
plu m biferous , and holdin g fro m 1 0 to 3 0 m arks p er caj on , hi ghly charged

8 M NI I NG 1 N SAN J UAN .
The next op eration is t hat of s m elting or fusing this calc ined ore w ith .
fluxes in th e blast furnace ‘

A p rop ort ionat e m i xture is m ade for th is
.
’
.
purpose consisting m ore or less of say 1 0 0 p arts of calcined ore fro m

, , , ,
p revious operation 15 t o 2 0 parts of oxide of iron and fro m 7 to 1 0 parts of

'
, ,
ra w l i m estone So m eti m es a quantity of rich bla s t furnace slags is added

. .
This m ixture is passed through an upright blast furnace (re ctangular ) i n

inti m ate contact w ith t h e f uel (charcoal )w hich acts as a p o w erf ul reducin g
agent During the t w enty four hours about 1 6 to 2 0 quintals of calcined
.
-
,
ore a re s m elted in each blas t furna ce of th e class used at L a H uerta an d

'
, ,
the pr oducts are — a hard lea d holding nearly all the sil ver present in th e,
ore— a crude m a tt or regul us of le a d and copper w ith sulphur and

, ,
a nti m ony and slags

, These latter if poor a re thro w n a w ay ; if rich in
.
, ,
lead and sil ver are m ixe d w ith fresh portions of calc ined ore w here they ,
serve as flux and y ield up their m etallic contents on b eing again passed
,
t hrough the furnace .
Th e m a t t being a sulphide of lead w ith copper a nd anti m ony &c

'
.
, ,
holds invariably som e silver and is roast ed in the reverb eratory f urna ce
, ,
e ither a lone 0 1 w ith ore and again p assed thro ugh the blast
1
,
‘
.
The hard or w ork lea d is taken to the dep osit until su tiicie n t b e
, ,
a c c um ulated to re fine sa y fr om one to t w o h undred quintals

, ,
.
The re fi nin g is conducte d in a circular cupelling furnace (kno w n as the .
C ontinent al sys te m )w here nearly all the lead is charged at once and the ,
heat gradually raised to a bright red w hen the oxidised lead or lit harge is ,
'
m elte d and b egins to fl o w over the surface of the m etallic lea d A nozzle
’
. .
o f sheet iron coated w it h clay i s then introduced at the back of ft h e ,
furna ce and a strong c urrent of air directed over the surfa ce T h is drives
,
.
off the litharge and other i m purities w hic h keep rising and ac c um ulating ,
by th e oxidizing influenc e of heated at m ospheri c air A slit is now m ade .
on the m arl furnace b otto m (the top of w hich rises slightly abo ve the
s urfa ce of the m etalli c bath aroun d the sides ) in the door w ay opposite the
.
, ,
blast nozzle and th e fused litharge &c thus finding a channel b e gins to
, ,
.
, ,
fl ow off slo w ly This is continued until all the lea d and the greater par t
.
o f copper iron anti m ony &c are oxidized l eaving a plate of i m p ure
, , ,
.
, ,
-
s ilver on the b otto m of th e ca p e ] furnace This plate is re m oved w hen .
c old a n d placed in anothe r furnace of si m ilar const ruction but m uch

, ,
s m aller an d h aving a bone ash botto m fi rm l y be at e n in w here it is m elt ed

,
-
, ,
and the a ction of the fire and oxi dizing influences of the air are a llo w ed
full scope fo r a sufficient ti m e to thoroughly purify the silver W hen this .
i s done t h e furnace is a l lo w ed to cool th e solid plate re m oved an d is thus

, .
,
s ent to Buenos Ayres .

11 1 11 119 5 AND rnx c um no ’
s WOR KS . 13 9
The Messrs Kl appenb ach u se be llo w s m ove d by m ules a s th ere 15 n ot

.
,
s ull icie nt w at er p o w er avai

l able to drive a b lo w ing m a ch ine or fan They .
h ave an al m ost inexhaustible suppl y of fir e w ood in clo se proxi m ity 0 their L
w orks w hich are th e o nl y on es at present in active operation in the eastern

, ,
distri cts of the Provin ce .
W e w ill now pass to the w estern distri cts , or t hose of Tout a l and
C asta no .
In all there are fo ur m etallurgical establish m ent s —three in ope ration

, ,
a nd one ab andoned They are respec tively .
1 M
. essrs Babié Co Casta no ; cost and c apita l in vest ed about
. .
,
B61 .
2 . Don Rafael Fra g ueiro Calingasta ; say Bol ; a ba ndoned ,

. .
3 L a So rocayen e Don Anjel Ri era ab out B ol

.
s ,
.
4 Hilario Maj or F Igna cio R ickard (Anglo Argentine Co

.
, L i m ited );
.
-
.
,
cost a nd capit al invested Si B0 1 .
“
Messrs Ba bié Co 5 w orks are situate close to the Casta no m ines
. .
’
,
o n the river of that na m e an d a re excl usively s m elting w ork s on prec isel y

,
the sa m e principle as those of L a Huerta having b een orig in ally built by ,
an ex e m ployé of that e stablish m ent The y consist of t w o s m all blast

-
.
—
fu naces a w ret ched atte m pt at a calc ining o 1 re ve 1 be ra t ory furnace
r
and ditto cupell ing or refining f urna ce They hav e a horiz ontal w ate r
, , .
w heel w ith about eight feet head and m a get perhaps 6 horse po w er
y
-
, , , ,
effective Their blo w in g apparatus w a s for m erly t w o pa irs Of bello w s

.
,
b ut n o w consists of a n or dinary fla t bl aded c ircula r fan incapable of -

,
producing a s uffi ciently strong blast o w ing to its faulty gear ing and ,
unstea dy m ove m ent of the driving w hee l or dr u m w hich i s sixteen feet in ,
dia m eter by six inches w ide driving w ith a three i nch b e l t on to an inc h
.
,
-
an d a hal f p ul ley fixed on the axle of the fan ! Their a nn ua l p roduct ion
-
o f silver w ill scar ce ly rea ch m arks and m uch loss of p re cm us m etal ,
m ust b e sustained fro m the i m perfect and ca reless syste m pursued abo u t
the w orks Their proxi m ity to the C asta no m i nes and fire w ood are
'
.
,
‘
ho w ever their great redee m ing po ints and thus they a re e n abl e d to w or k
'
, ,
w ith co m p arative a dvanta ge .
The w orks of Don Rafae l Fra g ueiro w ere o nly capabl e of treat in g ,
or es by a m alga m ation hence only tho s e kno w n as « cal idos» or holdin g

,
c h lorides c hloro b ro m ides bro m o iodides or native silver coul d be

,
-
, , ,
treated w ith a d vant age and as fe w of the ores of the district contain thei r ,
s ilver exclusively 1 n these c om b in atio ns the spe c ulation in a com m er cial , , ,
a s w ell a s m etallurgical po i n t of 1 i e 11 w a s a failur e Th ey are n ow

“
. .
,
c o mplet ely ab andoned and the old a m al ga m at ion barrels m ay be seen ,

40 MINiN G nv SAN J U AN .
stre w n about on the heaps of relaves or tailin " s b eco m ing every day m ore g ,
useless fro m exp osure t o the scorchin g sunand dry at m osphere of thi s
elevated valley .
L a Soro cayense — Leaving Se nor Frague iro sw ork s an dproceeding ’

,
south up the valley of Barrial or Calingasta about three le a gues distant is , ,

‘
situate Hilario and ab out t w o l e a gues still further south in the sa m e

,
“
valley on the Tout al r oad are situate the w orks enj oy ing the rather un iqu e
, ,
a nd to m any unintelli ible n a m e ab ov e expressed Its derivation is

g .
trac eable to th e syste m of a m alga m ation used a n d w hich has its origin in a ,
s m all plac e in Bolivi a na m ed Soroca a

y .
The syste m e m ployed i s properly a m alga m atio n; b ut the ores are

previously subje cted to a spe cies of calcination w ith c o m m on salt , ha ving
for its ostensible object the conversion of the sil ve r into chlor ide and thus ,
rendering it extractable by a m alga m ation w it h m er cury This end is not , .
h o w eve r by any m eans satisfactorily att a ined o w ing to th e nature o f th e

, ,
o res treated ; still a fair a m ount of si l ver is extracted avera ging about six
, ,
m arks or forty fi ve ounces daily

,
-
The ore is g round very fin e by edge
,
.
r unners and p assed through a sieve h aving

,
hol es to the square i nch ,
a ft er Which it is calcined for fro m five to eight hours in a re ve rbe ra t ory
furnace w ith about five per c ent of co m m on s al t , at a v ery l o w te m per

,
.
a ture an d kept constantly turned and stirred to prevent aggluti nation

,
It .
i s then w ithdra w n and w hen cold 1 8 charged into an oblon g trough about
, ,
t w e l ve feet by fo ur a nd four deep acco m panied by m ercury w here it is

, , ,
g e ntly agitate d by a cylinder having a horizontal m otion and kept in

,
inti m ate contact w ith the m er cury for several hours ; w hen fi nished the ,
m ass of ore (called tailings )IS w ashed off by w ater and c onveyed i nto large
pits or deposits w here it is allo w ed to settle and i s again w hen dry

, , , ,
subjected to a f urther calcination i n ca s e it should have retained su ffici ent

,
'
silve r to pay expenses of treat m ent The m ercu ry in th e trough , now .
char ged w ith silver is dra w n off and strain ed through canvass bags in
, ,
w h ich a ri ch am alga m of silver co m bined w ith about six ti m es it s w eight

’
of m ercu ry re m ai ns This is sub sequently pre ssed ha rd a nd plac ed in an

,
.
,
iron retort conne cted w ith a condensing apparatus w here the re m aining
, ,
m ercury is distilled off by heat and r ecovered leaving th e n ow al m ost pur e ,
s ilver in a bea utiful w hite porou s m ass w hich m a y b e fused into ingot s ,
and sent to m arket ribis silver is ho w ever rarely so p ure as that obtaine d
.
‘
, ,
b y s m elting th e ores w i th galena and refinin g th e argentiferous lead ,

.
Hilari o —These w ork s are situate in t h e valley of Calingasta Tout al ,
d istrict thirty thre e leagu es S S W by W fro m San J uan city and forty
,
-
. . . .
,
e ight leag ues N N W fro m Mendoz a , in lat 3 1 deg 2 0 m in , S , and lon g .

. . . . . . .
M I N I NG IN SAN J UAN .
‘ ’
is fi rSt i m proved or softened i n an i m proving furnace of the rever
be ra t ory class , and w hen f1 eed fro m any co p per , anti m on y, arse nic or ,
iron w hich m a y hav e b een red uced w ith it is refined dire bt on a bon e a
, ,
-
cupel or t est by w hat is k no w n as the E ngl ish syste m , silver i s thus

obtain e d by one cupellation up to 9 95 thousandths fine -
.
I should here observe that Pattinson 5 pro cess of crystallising out pur e ’
lead and concentrating the sil ver for refi ning a s practised at Pontgibaud ,
a nd oth er w orks is not used at Hil ario But this o m ission is by n o m eans
,
.
prej udi cial ; on the contrary very little ; if any a dvantage w oul d be derived
, ,
by it s a doption the re because the argentiferous lead prod uced direct fr om

,
the blast fui n a ce a verages o ver one per ce n t of silver an d it IS a recogni z e d ,
fact that a ny atte m pt at enrich ing lead by Pa tt inson s pro cess b eyon d ,
’
,
2 p er cent ha s co m m ercially failed Hen ce the concentration i s rarely

'
. .
carried beyon d this figure and the syste m is only adapted w h ere ther e ,
a re large quantities of poor lead pro duced w hich w oul d b e u nprofitable t o ,
refine dire ct ’
.
At Hilario there are three furna ces of the reverber ator y on e
r efining furnace on the E ngl ish syste m , and t w o Cast il l ian bl a st furnace s:
The ore d epo sits are cap abl e of storing over a thousand t ons ; divided int o .
c o m part m e n t s w ith tiled floors , and nu m bered E ach co m part m ent having
i ts Dr and Cr ac count in a separate book for ent ries from m ines and
. .
" .
'
deliveries to the f urnaces , hen ce at a glance it m a y b e deter m in ed w hat

"
s tock re m ains on hand , and h ow m uch has be e nw orked up , w it h out t h e
'
'
trouble o f re w eighing
‘
-
.
T he C he m ical L abora t 0 1 y for analy s is and a ssay s by the h u m id m eth od

i s a co m plete depart m ent in itsel f a nd m o st perfectly fitte d up : ,
In suc cessi on fo l l o w s the w eighing roo m w ith its fine a ssay balan ce s} ,
indicatin g up to the 1 0 0 0 th part of an E nglish gra in ; al so large bul lio n

balances for w eighin g the silver in ingots w ith the corresp onding sets of ,
sta mping : nu m bers a n d letters in st e el for m arkin g their w eight and

'
” '
fineness Next to th is roo m is the assay labor ato ry proper w ith its ro w s
.
1
,
o f m iniatur e furnaces and m ufil e s for assay i ng and experi m enting on th e ,
o res h y the ~dry m ethods ; here ‘

w hen in f’
ull w ork , up to 1 0 0 a ssay
,
s
a re m ade daily .
In the sam e range of buildings are the carpe n ters shop and s m ith y , -
s eparate , for all sort s of repairs and w o rk ne cessary about t he establish
m ent Turning l athes drillin g m a chines and the various tools necessa ry
.
'
, , '
foi m c e ha n ical engineering m a y be seen about ,

for b eing
,
isolate d a s th e
‘
w orks a r e in t he heart of the Andes it is essential to have all the se

,
,
conveniences for any e m er gen cy w h ich m i ght a r is e .

H ILAR O I 11 1 m m W O RK S .
1 43
The w oo d c anch a for p il in g the fuel for the furnaces is extensive a n d

”
conveniently situate on a slight elevation above the r everberatory f urnaces ,
for only in these is cru de w ood used O n a lo w er level in a large ope n

'
.
,
’
space m ay b e seen the i m m ense Noah s ark shaped m ounds of w ood
, , ,
ch arcoal as prep ared for the blast fur n aces E ach p ile is 2 0 0 feet lon g by
,
.
1 8 feet w ide and 1 2 fe et high co m po se d chiefly o f algarrob a and ret a m o

,
w ood laid longit udin ally a n d e venly w ith thei r ventilating i

,
l ue s ben ea th
, ,
so as to gradua te the a dm ission of at m ospheric a ir and thus govern the ,
slo w com bustion of volatile gases in order to produc e good char coal This .
branch o f operations at H ilario re quires a l m ost as m uch study and care as

any other although apparently so si m ple and com m on pla ce The w ood
,
-
.
w hen w ell charred pr oduces abo ut 3 0 per cent of hard so lid shini ng
,
.
, ,
charcoal b ut if c arelessly prepared the produ ce is much reduced and th e

, ,
quality as a caloric a nd reducin g agent seriou sly deteriorated Th e

, ,
.
m oun ds of w ood are overl aid w ith long gras s or ree ds (totora)an d co vere d
w ith earth The tim e neces sary to burn one of these m ounds varies from
.
‘
eight to fifteen days and r eq ui re s other fifte en days careful attention t o

,
e xtinguish .
The char coal delivered at the f urnace house costs 50 c ents p e r quin t al
, ,
of 1 0 0 3 , m ade by contract w ith native s w ho c ut a n d c arry th e w oo d from

‘
t he ca m p pre ferring to m ake it at the works ; although app ar ently m uch

,
m ore advanta geous to the m to m a ke it w her e th e w ood is cut , and

thus reduce the w eight carried by 7 0 per c e nt .
The m anager how ever prefers t he charcoal m ade at the w orks as in th e

, , ,
first place it is produced un de r h is im m e diate supervision and is delivere d ,
al m ost inta ct there by avoidin g t h e w a ste of a lar ge per centage of s m all

'
coal t ot ally useless and h ighl y injurious i n t he blast furnac e

, ,
.
The m an ufa cture of fire brick s also for m s a m ost im portan t feature in
,
the w orks ; for w ere it n e cessary to i m port fro m E ur ope or Chile this
‘
indispe nsable an d l argely consu m ed article , the cost w ould be very g reat .
Fir e cla y s a bound in the neighbo urhood and by a careful selection , th e

-
,
m ixture us ed at Hilario affords a very excellent refracto ry brick w ell

, ,
s uite d fo r lead furnace s .
They ar e m ade by dry pres sure an d so m e turned out during the present
,
yea r at a cost of 552 0 B0 1 p e nt ho usa n d have been used in a blast furna ce

.
w hich ran 1 7 8 days w ithout a single bric k havi n g to be replace d The .
cost of best Stourbridge fir e bricks (Ruffords )i m ported fro m England and

-
pla ced at Hilario is about 4 0 ce nts eac h or $ 4 0 0 per thousand

, ,
.
1
Beyond the im m ediate prec in cts of the w orks but form ing p hrt m f t h e
p roperty ar e s e v e ral hou ses in which are gener al dry goo ds and prov ision
1 IN S AN
'
1 44 111 1 4 111 11 J UAN .
stores , b a ker s and butcher s sh ops a s also a ca fe or hotel w ith billia rd

’ ’
,
-
roo m &c rented to o utsiders , and for m ing a m ost essenti a l par t of the
,
.
,
e stablish m ent W hen in full w ork the conc o urse of m iners e m ployés
.
, , , _
o re vendors m ule teers & c ,w hich accu m ulate is so m eti m es astonishing

,
.
, , ,
a n d the oc c upiers of these houses m ake a fair business on their ow n

a ccount Som e distan ce fro m the w orks is a gra ss fa rm r ented for the
.
u se of the ani m als required about the establish m ent .
The tariff for the pur chase of sil ver ores delivered at Hilario is a s , ,
fol l o w s (Bolivi an currency ):

Fro m 2 0 to 3 0 m arks per cajo n of 6 4 quinta l s _
Do 3 1
. to 40 do do do do do . .
_
. . .
Do 41. to 50 do do do do . . . .
Do 51 to 60 do do do do do
‘
. . . . . .
D0 61. to 70 do do do do . do . . . . .
Do 71
. to 80 do do do do do . . . . .
Do 81. to 90 do do do do do . . . . .
'
Do 91,
to 1 0 0 do do do do do . . . . .
Do 10 1
. to 1 50 do do do do do . . . . .
151 to 2 0 0 do do do do do . . . . .
20 1 to 3 0 0 do do do do . . . .
D0 30 1 .to 4 0 0 do do do do do . . . . .
Do 4 0 1 to 6 0 0
. do do do ; do do 80 0 . . . .
Do 60 1 to 8 0 0
. do do do do do . . . . .
80 1 to 1 0 0 0 do do do do do . . . . .
Do 1 0 0 0 up w ards do
. do do do ; do . . . . .
Per m ark of pure silver .
T he Messrs Bab i e Co s tariff differs considerably fro m the above a s they

. .
’
b ase their calc ulatio ns on a different syste m o f w orki n g They deduct in .

,
the firs t pla ce fro m every cajon of fifty quintals fourteen m arks of t h e
,
si l ver contained therein and pay for the re m ainder at the rate of $ 1 0 bol
,
.
per m ark of pur e silver according to a ssay

”
, .
M END O ZA .
A lthough this Province duri n g Spanish rule , w as cel ebrated for its
,
'
m ineral w ealth and large quantities of silver w ere annually extracte d

,
fro m the ores produced l n the Para m illo d e Uspallata it has so degenerated ,
in m etallurgical and m ining enterprise that w ere it not for a fe w energeti c ,
and persevering in dividuals , n ow toilin g in the old m ines of that district ,

it scarcely m erits a pass ing notice in th is w ork ;
“
(v 3
1 46 111 11 11 11 0 12 1 m a ss .
a u iz i ol iim MW ! 1 11 3 3
g rit «_d
11
J a nm isie vo i} b t?
u a t 51 11 1 11 : fi 1 1. 1 1
t rbuhl e sti difficul t ma tt en?t o

}
fi h d it rum ahd
meji
1 the
3 11
, seu arskreu e rs s b st
1 11 m inus oi bowl
u at e fthste mp e m
t m Qfothe ifnpn afie to ul l
'
11 1 1
m r ft 1 1
e e 1
1
i a resul t of ; t h e fi rst it qial shl w it h it h is 11 11 1 11W sé , 111 111611 1 ca u
11
se d '
hi
m to ’
de sp air ith o ide a m i

fo usin
t b u l r on ne cessity obl iged him
“
”
ahap de n in g ; t a t e
t
,
i
h
'
d A i are now ;i
i n fhriue d t h ai b i p i c t
‘
’
to 136 1
1 16 1 6 1
l a i t a g ai n , m a } w e c i
y is n g B O e e r
DIuWE Qd 11 8 110 3 11 1 1 m a int a in a g od d t t e m p e r

'
a t u r e h o
m e h a s t o adop . t t w o h is
P l a t e s e g et a C h fu r a a c
r e ; 1 t h e ( o n e t y e rm zi
p h e nt for wood and t h e o t h e r ,
h
‘
b d f h d f t h shal fl il h ii
'
wh e na gra te ful l of th i sst uff
‘
l r t n T
’
ma v e a e a n u e r o r e , e s ,
.
han i v e p .o f fq a l l it s c o m b u S t ibi e m att e r’

; t h e lb u l k s t il l fr e m a i ni n g t h e sa m e 1
,
“
e
“
be n i s o b l i
g e d m re m o v e th ie b
( a rs b o dil y a n d f
di s c,
h a r g
‘
t h e u s e l e ss slate s
” P M b
iBt0 1 the eshy p rt to ma k e roo m for an o t h er ch arge i
- n N ” f -
1 ‘
.
He h a s already produ ce d a fair a m ount o f argent iferou scop p e r re dl ds H '
ca i qp 10 1 3 6 8 oz s silv e r t e nthe ton With from 3 0 t o

,
.
,
T his ; SBHS i l ll Valpara iso (11 11 1111 11 pre sent tiide )for ,
Of $ ix t yf fi
"
0 ur qul ht a l s, a nd co ns e q i e nt l y p ay s W él l
u
r l.
i i i i h o f l xpr oduce d s er y 1 o
'
mg 1 l
.
p s e j m n n g o p e r a t e hs p r O p e r g i a v e z a t e o m e v 1 1 1 r e ,
m l d k m om m e m e min 1 8 65 by Maj ow B i
1 k i d w i h h i w l f
'
‘
m t ’t e v e
‘
v g s e r o
1 11 o
y o r g . c a
“
,
p a s si n g t h e g m p r e d uet i v e ,ble nde i b a n ds

, ( sr m 1 1 a n t o sthose of Ton t al ? W h e r e t
phey y m a e eut, srhv e r ore in , fa ir1abunda noe

l
h o dd in g i o v, e r a t h o usan d ou n ce s
b h r ch e depth i th e
te e m m
'
t h ; t h u s e a r in g ib u t it h e j t e o r
y o f ie x p e o t e d i s ; Pi n o n ,
Iin so mewha t
d m h i
'
Tep t a l l o e s ic h ie x ist 0 11 the s a m e r ra n g e

f
f u rt h e r n o r t h J a n d
"
t
,
s mi
i l a r fo r m a ti o n m 1 0 1 d » m w r1
: n 1 m i d 31
1
h i
iW e idre i a utheflta ca ll y in for m e d t ha t M e ssr s Cant o a nd Vil l ah ue va h ave

'
‘
'
’ ‘
.
.
s o m e $ 2 0 0 0 Bol w orth of ri ch ore now 0 11 surface , awaiting t h e bp eriirig '

0 .
‘ ‘
, ,
h
t e Par am i w i t h a b o ut l t w en t yfi m in e rs ,
o e th i rt l e agues so uth of 1l\l e 11 doz a zw h e nce th e y

m y,“ , , ,
h e
t e ne e ssery fl ux e s ip r s m elt ing L and for m t he
'
j ,
c apita l investe d 1 a m ih ip g in Mendo z a at t h e p re s

'
The . e n t da y idoe s n ot a
l e x c ee d ,3 5 0 ,
OQO Bol 1but sh o ul d t he.Para
,
m ill o w o r k s co ntinue to i
,
m pr ove ,
it is r easonable to e xpe ct a proportio na t e in creas e inspe culative ente rp rise .
w orks are si tuat e d about ,t w e nty thre e lea gues -
the hi gh road to Ch il e n
v ia Uspal l ata a nd L a
C umbre pass T heir elevati on ab ove the sea is n ot z l e ss 1 thau 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 fe e t '
an d the col d near l y; the w hole ye ar ro un d is m os t inte nse 1

, ,
.
l
T h e oul s pota bl e w a ter a v ailable , n ow th e works are t w o s m all Springs
1 , ,
w hi ch are m a de the m ost of by acc u m u l a ting the ir w ate 1 in l a ige t a nlgsi of

‘
so l id m asonry .
I
'
Ifdi
'
s
'
e xa m nat i n
l by o
O
M ajor Rickard to , ce nt .
‘
of co pper ”
c o m b ined w ith a nti mony
Ext e nsive de po sits of a n i mpur e p etr ol eu m exist about seventy lea gues
'
fro m th e cit y s outh but from their is ol a t e d p o srt ion and w ant of roa ds
’
, , ,
m ust for the present re m ai n c o m m erc ially w orthless .
s x i LUI S .
h onl ymin ing

'
at prese n t de ve l op e d i1ith is Pro1 i11 ce is go l d

' '
,T e 1h ,
f
,
~
dg
i g ng
i a nd W ashing , a puny atte mpt at c op e r s m elt in g latel y
except
p
essaye d b 3 a Germ an W h o W e are told tried to m ake a na ur ifero us re gul iis
, ,
per b3 dire ct fus ion o f c arbonate s si li c at e s an d ox i déskff that m et al

“
'
hav in g (11 e sup p ose )forgotten the i mp ortant Sul p hurobscomp oi ii

' ! ’ h
id .
W e h ave no a uthentic data as to the 1 alue of gold pro duc e d at the prese nt
da y : biit a ccording to offic ial returns co rre sp o n ding too the 3 e at l1 8 65 li ‘
,
1 3 7 m iners e m p l oj ed on ei gh t m ines , an d ba d
a pe ars that t here
W ere ‘
p
p ro duce d 8 0 0 m a rks C f gol d 1 al a ed at
$ 8 9 6 0 0 150 1 ,
.
Wp are i nfor m ed that so m e ver 3 pr oduc tive quart z v e i ns fif e n o W

‘
Worke d by a fe w Ch ilia n m ining advent urers a n d W ith ’

,
e o nl r e ce t l 1 begun no corr ect id ea c n 3 e of t he

th y l hay
-
a
'
e
. y n 1 11 w 1 3 1 11 3 1 1
1
l ,
'
1 1 .
e nterpris e
.
The gold sua l l y p roduce d fr e m the w ashings 1 5 of a v ior ua lity

p i i
,
rarely p ass ing 7 50 pur e gol d 1 11 a thousand the re m

m ostly si l ver .
_
?
i
being ,
i
'
The m ihing dis tr icts ar e s it ua te t o w ards the no rth of aie P ro vince '
,
fro m tW e l 1 e to eighteen l eagues fro m the capi t al .
t he r e exists a 1 ast field for specula t iv enterp rise in the

e ’
said to b e y et iri it s infancy .
brig ht p
’ '
p e ri t y
‘
adv ance m ent , ,
c iviliz ation a nd pea ce 1 1

, , s b eneath the popula r ,
r ule of h er d isting uishe d op ent of h er h i dden

mr
'
t re asures is t obe hoped a nd lo oked for

'
1
4 _ .
.
His Exce l l e nc3 Gow rnor S ar miento initiated

, ,
ente i p rise in S an Juan His E x cellen c y Presz dent

‘ ’
.
,
ti m e to pru n e an d tra in up the t en der y i h e shoot , ‘
of his prot e cting influence , m ak e i t bear the m uch desired fruit .
1 2
’
s u rp a s s 1
o 3 s1
11 11 111 111 11 nnp o nr .
,1
1 / 4 t a ;
He has b e lieve taken an 1mp ort antrste p 111

we ,
this (11113
91 19 11 , by
na niip g ap e rsqnte p roceed in co m m is sion t h ro u h all th e p rov ince ami
g s ‘
,
r ep or t exte nsive l y ,on ”the m in e r l

a resou rce s of the :c ountr y O nce th
,
is .
r eport shall ha ve
u
n hand e d in to the G overnm ent i m po t a nt roj c s

i e
3 bee r p ,
W 1 11 b e la i dbefore Congress t en iig t o the d e v lo

g
"
{ d pm l
e n t not e h y of t h e ,
min in g b ut other stap le 1 n dustr1 e s of t he Re p ubh c

, .
l
F I G NA C I O R I CK A RD F G S &c &c
.
hi ,
. . .
,
.
m
eral of Mi n
Gp ve r nm e nt Inspector Ge n es .
Hil a rio , tSa n Juan O ctober , 1
v ‘ . 1
T HE SAN J U AN M I N I NG AND S M EL T I G N WO R K S .
‘I n Septe mber 1 8 6 4 M essrs F S Klappenba ch co m

. m en ce d the ir operat ion s
1n
m ine s
and the construction of the Ar gentino Sm e l t i r i
g s in t h e
Mineral de l a Hne i t a dista nt t hirt y five leagues fro m Sa n

,
-
l e agu e s from Cm dova L at L ong 6 7 1 6 W of G

. . . . .
The estab l ish m ent ha d bee nm c o urse of constru ction sin ce 1 8 6 5 an d no w ,
in the b eginning of this y ear all t he n ecessar y w orks h ave b een co m pleted .
In its p e s e nt c o
r ndition 4 0 caj ones 0 1 1 0 0 tons o f or e ca n be s m elted m
the e stabl ish m ent , per m onth .
Th e situat ion is o n e of the m os t favorable for the enterp rise bein g ,
surround e don all s i de s t oa distan ce of t w ent y leagu e s by w oods Al so

'
t he 1 e exist in the i m m e diate neighbourhood deposi t s of c oal iro n, li me ,
fo fi rebrick s a n d other ne cessar ies

r i ,
.
Th e resul t o f the sm elting d urin gth e construction of the e Stabl ishm w t

h asibe e n a s fol l ow s
In 1865, 1 4 46 m ark s of pure silver .
1
In 1 8 6 6, 47 66 do .
,
do, do.
,
.
Ill 1867 , 2
. .
62 0 1 do . do do. .
z
.
I
In 1 868 , 6589 do .
, up to August .
a nd 3 2 0 0 q q of le ad
i
_
Th e p roduce of th s y ear oul d have b ee n considerabl y g reater ha d it

w
no t be e n for th e tot al paral y zation of the w orks for three m onths during .
e of th e
l ie p l e val e n c olera .
The m in es conti nue 1 ncre a sing in ri chness as the y proceed and the ores ,
wh ich are p 1 1 n c1 p a ll y c o m posed o f ( ga l ena s» give even the highest l e y o f

, z fl
sil ver 1 th s
ma l l qu an titie s o f native silver .
.
The co m m on ,
l a
); of all the ores rec e i
v ed and sm e l t e d in th e e stablish m en t
Wa s ,up to 1 86 6 fifty five m ar ks of pure si l ver to
.
-
J re , equal to oz silve 1 to o ne ,ton of ore

. .
1 50
1
H I ST O RY m
AND
o ) a n n um
LI T E RA T U RE .
“
.
J U N 0 1 Ru fi 'f i ( ii in n
"n
. ‘l m l : if ‘
11
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n ” m 0 1 wa s i
i J l m ” U! n ! m l
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o e e u a
f ; ( i f m Il l w ns
q in if i w u(
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i ” v
s ,
a .) i
m it i
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” fi b il r
“
s i n I s m i u se »
s a dj 3 . ins ! m m n
l
i m 'J 1 10
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a im tr . 1 issik
ifl Th l r z m ii
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in:
'
i l Id 1 pp os
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a
.
,
in
'
l r im .
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l dcl l iv/
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l iz r
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1
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1 m in i a 1 3 1 im .
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1 ii tm
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ii?I ifl
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m i l '
s w is
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s
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r h i[ '
i l '
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( l sr n
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i r r u in . m ’
OH AP ~ X III l
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in q ,
'
"t, i (I
"r i mu ff: ip it l ar i“ i l in il
‘ '
om m f
'
s o is
s ‘
. n :i i
HISTO RY
’
AND L ITER U T R E
‘
0 1” Bry a n 1
PL ATE J H a i'
m fl
A
ii ’
u m ul i0 1 N i w m l: in P l u m :
"
m . l .
u
n i s H IS T O R IC A L n !) m l z- o
q a
u IM
'
!
1 5 1 5— R iver Plate discovere d by Juan Diaz de Soli s .
1 5 2 7 — Seba stian Cabot explor es th e Paran a an d Uruguay .
1 53 0 —Buenos Ayres fo unded under invocati on of the Holy Trin ity

'
1 5 3 1 —The fort a nd se tt l e m en t destroyed by the Indians

,
1 53 5— Second fo undation by Pedro de Mendoz a : also destroyed .
1 53 7 —Asun cion del Pa rag uay founded by Ayola

1 5 1 4—1 rala greatly extends the Sp anish do m inions
.
1 5 5 3 — S antiago del Estero foun ded by Aguirre .
1 555— Arri va l of the first bishop Fran cis co l a Torre ,

.
1 559— Garcia de Mendoz a founds Mendoz a and San Juan .
1 56 5 Villaroel fo unds T ucu m an

-
.
1 5 7 3 — Cabrera founds Cor dova

1 5 7 3 —J uan de Garay founds Santa F é city
.
1 58 0 — He m arks out the city of Buenos Ayres , June 1 1 t h .
1 58 2 —L er m a founds Sa l ta ,
1 58 8 — Corrientes founded by Alonz o de Vera .
1 5 9 1 — Velazco founds R ioj a , and in 1 59 2 J ujuy

1 5 96—Loyol a founds San Luis
.
, ,
.
H IS T O R ICA L RE C O RD . 151
—Jes uit w as : Ii T
'
160 9 m issio ns o f Para gua y foun ded by Padr es Maz e ta a nd

‘
HI oi
'
88 1
i) J i fl l fig IIu w ;
'
Iirl i
‘ I
'v
. 1 I n I
1 6 2 2 — Jesuit
,
18 1
'
a il fi
‘
m is sions al ong t he -
u
,
p p e r Urug uay a na }! m im w
1 6 80 —Colonia fo unded by th e Portug u ese . {I m i
In a— Mente w de o 1 0 0 ! ! d by Za v ala , Gov ernor o f Buen o s M s l

ie
I
—
.
173 0 fu
Spa 1 n cedes Misiones t Q IPfi rtugal n Ind ia n se tt l e me nt sb iokei p
'
.
17 67 — Expulsi on of t h e J e snj t s gdg su uct ie n g f t he m ig p ésf s

s w t ,
—Viceroyalty of
e '
Ayres cre at e d mm de r P edro de Ze baHgé

Bue n
‘
'
1776 os
’
1 7 8 2 —C ens us ,
Buenos Ayres t e rrit ory , v
P araguay 97 ; I II
'
I III I a n
I s ,
1 ‘ . ,
ISM—E ng l i sh invas i on im de r Ge ne ral Be ne sford , ho a p it ul ates F”

‘
w c .
I
1 80 7 — Sec ond I nva sion u nder General W hit e l ock e w h o a l so ca p itnl até sl
‘
1 80 8 — Li niers na m ed Vice re p } U -
I; in 1 .
I i f !
s
'
z s
‘ I2 ! 4
'
.
-
I
IS M—Revolution of Buen os Ayres Ma y 2 5th ,
1 8 1 1 —Belgran o inva de s Pa r agua y and ca p itul ate sJ

1 8 1 2 —He beats t h e Sp aniard s at Tu cuma n an d Sa lta
,
'
1814 — Spanish g arrison e x p e l l e d frém l om e v ide bu 4
—
I S I S Campaign of Art ig a s in Ba nda efi rie n ta l f u l fl l V ” .
'
v
IS M—De claration Of l Argé fl t ine In depe nde n ce a nTm

,
,
J l il y et h i
I S I S General S an Martin be a ts the Span iar ds at Ma yp u and e m an
-
,
1 J l l l i :1 '
{0 (I M m f i ! ‘ In
Ch ile
.
ci
M
t
. .
p a e s
1 82 1 — 11 6 libe r at es Pe r m an d e nt e rs L inm ih tf m m p h ri
- L: .
1 82 l — Banda O riental a nne xe d t o Braz il Iium u n s i o ) I .

'
r .
1 1 1 ), l
182M on of L a v al l e j a and t hirt y tw d Oth r s
—
e vol uti
'
e I : e-
. .,
—
"
i ii! ” h '
1 8 2 5 Fructos Bivero beats t h e l Braz il iaIis a t BincoaflG a l l ina sn
' ‘
1 8 2 —
6 1311 8
7 11 0 3 Ayre s de c Ia r e s w ar aga in s t B ra z i l I a l ( 1 1 1 0 1 10 2 1 5 13 . . .
ixxul fl
‘
1 82 6 Adn1 ira h Bro w n chasti ses t he Br az ili n s :

-
a M i
’
m i M x! a i Is i i / i
1 8 2 6— Rivadav ia intr odu ces m an y re f orm sxi sJ I; 1 1 9 3 11 5 1

'
w.
- s
1 827 — A1Y 6 3 1 bea tS Ihe tBra z il ia ns a t IIt nz a ingo ( t a v ern

‘ “ un i a ? 13 9 I
f . . s
—
'
'
a zi l g v s and O ri l d k ii m } i m 1 l
U ISQSz I Br a m
s
i 1up
e B a ~
e n t a , n n u s
e p e a c e .
«
1 82 8 — E ngland gu a ran e
te s t h e in de p e n d e n c e o f R and a l O ri e n t a l o fl I - f
I
'
“
.
—
; ,
183 0 to 1 8 52 i
Civ L w n d t r a n n o f R o sas : I in q ? l Ii o i Il 1 7 I
‘
:f I
n y y
,
ar -
s
"
.
_ I ,
,
—
,
1 8 52 Rosas overthro n by Urqui a " 3 } 71 ? l ” J i il

'
w z B . p. . I ; I I
1 8 53 — Urqn i2 a e x p e l l e d fro m Bu e h os A y re sc
‘ T
l 1 1 1 l l ( I o
, I
'
8
1 56 — Introdu ctio n of g as 1 i l f i o J .
in t w h i l h e
‘
n
‘si ns s
'
I
'
«m . r .
“
th fi t i m t h e se w u n t l fi é s i u w fl
"
1 85 ; s e r s c I s
1 8 5 9—Battl e os e p e da 4 Bue nos A yr es ca p itul ate SI in n n 1 I

‘ I
I. . . s .
,
1 8 6 0 —Buenos Ayre s re enters th e Arge ntine Confe de ratiol i m a xi

’f
~ e .
8
1 6 1 — Dreadful ear t hquake at Mend o z a l
“
1 I l l . I I
1 52 WOR KS ON .
'
r nr . R ER PLATE
IV .
(l In N I
‘ I
l I
f
lf i II
—Battle of Pavon : gained by Genera l Mitre

. .
.
1 86 1
—No rthern R ail w a
.
“W
1 86 2 w e a k s om m e nc d c e () i m
y t
. .
1 8 6 2 —General Mitre un e nim m I

.
ce Pré Sidefit W '

s e le t d
1 8 6 3 —Flore s invade s the Ba nd a O r ien tal l I
.
' ‘ q l
. .
1 8 6 3 — Inaugura tion Ce ntr al Arge nt in e Rail w ay ork s at ROsario

of .
1 86 4- Br az il invades t he Ba n da O ri enta l
~
1 l I ‘
1 86 4—South e rn R ail w ay to C ha sc o m us begun

. .
— , .
,
1 8 6 5 7 Mq ut evide o surrender s .
1 8 65fi Par aguay de cl ares w a r

-
1 8 6 5—Bo ca and E nsena da Rail w a y opened to Barracas

. .
1 86 6 —
.
The Allied a rm yv (Argentin e s ; Braz ilians , and O ri e ntals )invad e

'
'
‘
1 8 6 6— E le ctri c cable la id across the River Pl ate 1 M

1 86 7 —
.
Siege of Hu m ait a H '
1 8 6 7 —Gove rnm e nt rh0 use at Bu enos Ayres t w ice ‘b urne d

.
'
‘
1 8 6 8 —General Flores m urdere d at Montevideo :

,
” '
I
1 868 Paraguay ans a b andon Hum a it am

4 -
J e
1 8 6 8—W ater w orks be gun at Bfie nbs A r es

'
' '
y
-
I
.
13 6 87 8 11 0 11 D om ingo F Sa rm ie n to e l ccte d Pr esiden t :

' ‘
.
'
WOR KS PU B LI SHED on TH E . RI VER PLA T E . a

L m“
’
S ch m idel s Conqu e st of L a Plata , in 1 5 3 4 998 1 .
A lvaro Nu nez s C om m entaries ’

1 l 13 3 ! ‘
History o f Pa r a g ua y a nd L a Plata By Ruy Diaz d c Gu z man 1 57 3 3 ”

'
. .
J esuit M ission s: By Charl e roix and Gu evar a

‘
I i .
I
R elation of R M s Voy age to Bue nos Ayres ; &c L ondon , 1 7 1 6 O

’ ” f ’
"
. . . . .
Mura t uri s m issions (English translat ion ) L ondon , 17 3£cil

“
’ ’
I
-
“
. .
F ather Faulkner s Patagonia i n L atin ’

m l il ;
.
M
L etters from Paraguay By J oh n C Da vie L on dOn 3

' ‘
'
. . . .
,
“
Travels fro m Buenos Ayres to L i ma &c By A ; Z Hel m s : London 1 80 6
'
= '
,
. .
,
Vice Royal t y of Bue n os Ayr e sfi By Sa m r H W il cock e L ondOn , 1 80 7

'
‘
-
. . .
W hit e l ock e s Expedition By an O ffi cer

’
“
. I. .
Rio de la Plata Bn e l ix Az ara .

1 M .
"
Dean F un e s s History of Par a gu y a
’
& c Buenos Ayre s 1 8 1 6 5
,
.
,
"
C aptain Head s Ride A cross the Pa m pas

’
L ond on 1 8 2 8 fI .
,
.
« I
Hu m b oldt s Tr a vel s in South Ame ri ca s Pric e 1 2 3 : 6 d ? L ondo n , 1 83 1

’
’ '
I
.
,
The Chaco a n d Rio Ve rme j o By Are na l e svu Bue n os iAyre s 1 8 3 3

'
' ‘ '
:
,
C astelna u s Ex p e dit iOn to S outh Amer ica

’
Paris 1 8 3 6 1 1 ‘
.
. e
Pl a ta— Sta aten By Kerst Berli n 1 7

'
. . .
I '
R obertson s L etters on Par a guay E dinbur gh , 1 8 3 8

’
. .
154 P RE S S or LA LATA
P .
ra m !
'
1 11 1
'
1 s
R I V ER P LAT E N EW S PA PE R S
. .
n u
g
'
f x e '
il h
'
lJ ?u 1 ! 1 !1 1 1 1 1
“
1 I
l wl
f l ‘
h u i .
"
r H
‘ " n il l v’ ii '
a l ll
i n
The Tribuna w as establish e d 1 11 1 854 by H ector a nd Mar iano V arel a , son s

o f th e distinguish ed w rit e r iD : F loren cio V arel a I t i s t he first p a p e r1in , .
'
th e River Plate a s re gards .infl ue nce and circulation It a pp e ars e ve r y

, .
- f
r .
m orni ng ; subscrip tion gé t) a m onth Circ ul ation 5 0 0 0 z ' 1 u , .

,
. , _. .
The Rep ubl z ca w as establishe d in 1 86 7 by Mrz Bernhei m and has bfi e n

‘
v ery suc ces sful ; as an e X p e rirne nt : of a cheap pr ess I t ap p ears e ven y .
m orn ing ; subscripti on $ 2 5 a m on th C ir culation 4 n ( if

‘
, , ” .
,
Th e N a cion Arge nt ina rw a s es tablish e d m 1 8 6 2 ; by D r Jose Mari a Gut i e rre z .

,
’
and w a s l e ga rde d a s t he o fficial o rgan o f G eneral sMit 1 e s a d m inist ration .
I t app ears every m 0 1 n 1 n ; subscription $ 40 a m onth Ci1 cul at ion 2 0 0 0 ,

.
'
, ,
.
The Na coona l i s th e old est pap er in Bue nos Ayr es having bee n e st ablishe d
‘
in 1 8 53 Am ong its e ditors a t various ti m es h ave , b een G e ner al Mitre , ,

'
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,
Pres S ar m ient o D r V Sa rsfie l d 1 D r A vellaneda , and othe 1 l eadin g p ubli c

“
.
, .
,
.
m en I t a p p e zn s e very evening Subscrip t ion gm a m on th Circulation 2 0 0 0 ‘
,
. .
The S ta nda rdgwas : e st abl ishe d i11 1 8 6 1 by Mich ae l xa nd Ed w ard Th om a s »
Mulh all b eing the fi rst English daily ev er publishe d l n S ou t h Am eric a [ It

,
.
h as t hre e e dit ions; the D a il y for Bu enos A yres and Monte » 1 deo the Wee kl y
'
for the c ountry depart m ents th e F o/ migh tl y for ,
for D aily $33 0 , : Week ly $52 0 0 a y ea r ; Fortnightly .
C ir c ul ation 3 0 0 0 , g ;z , it i ,
The Cou rr ie r de l a sPl a ta w as e st ablish ed by { M L egout an 1 86 4 , a s,ti1 e .
o rgan of th e French population 1 It appe ar s every m orn ing 1 sub s cription , .

,
$ 3 0 n t h t C i rc ulation , oi m l l i!
'
‘
m E
‘
ifl o
o
> .
.
1
Th e : Esp a na a t ri w e e kly 0 1 g ain f th e Sp a11 1 sh ,re s1 de nt s 3 1

9 11 1 11
‘
-
, 1 1 «
The Ame rica a n e w daily pape1 s ub scripti on g3 0 1 1 ;

, ,
o .
The D e utsdhe Z e ifung w as established i n its p re sent e dit or,ibe ing .

'
.
Mr N a pp I t appear s e very m o rning

. . m onth 1 f . . .
The iN a z ione Ita l ia n a w a s establ ish e d m 1 86 8 by D r : B ianchi , I t appear s ,

.
‘
e very m orning : sub s cription $ 3 0 a m onth , .
h A ij char cter I t a
“
T e I f l i
‘
t h i us w
’
‘ s '
'
n a n n o a e o r a s
.
e e
r es
,
s ag s
p pa l a e g o s .
established i n m ont h m l f i l
‘
'
}
‘
h m
The Mosquito i s a w e e k l y g ch a ri vari illustrated It w a s e st abl ishe d iin ‘

,
.
:
1 8 63 ; 1
.
1 m m u 1 1 :
The Re vista de Bue n os Aj

is a valuable m onthly periodi cal e st abl ishe d ras ,
c
in 1 86 2 by ,
Q uesada ; s ubscri ption ; $ 3 0 a m o nth fl ‘
The Be vt stcr Ar ge ntinq 1e stabl ish e d si m ilar

° '
,,
to the last A ppears fortnightly ; subs criptions ; $ 3 0 a m onth

. 1
'
RE SS
P or M O NT E V ID EO . 1 55
ai
'
iionthl y far ming gaz et te

’
Anna l e s de la S ocied a d Rura l is t he nam e of ,
pub lish ed by th e Rural So ciety .
Montevide o .
The S igl o w as first est ablish ed i n 1 8 6 3 but suppr esse d by Govern m ent
.
in the follo w ing yea r I t re appe a re d in 1 86 5 under M V a il lant an d i s

.
-
,
.
,
no w edited by D r Ra m ir ez I t appears e very m orning subscription 52 a

. .
m onth C ircul ation

.
,
Th e Tribune w as established by Colon el Bus ta m ant e in 1 8 6 6 and is

.
,
e dited by Se nor Ta vol a ra I t is co nsidered the otlicial pa per I t ap p e ar s

. .
every m orning ; s ubscription 82 a m onth C i r cul ation Ther e ,

.
,
is an evening edition c alled the Tr ibunita .
The Te l e gra fo Ma ritim o i s an old e stabli sh ed S hippin g gaz ett e publ ish e d ,
ever y aftern oon by D J uan B uela . .
The Me rca ntil de l Pl a ta w a s est ablished in 1 8 6 8 a nd appears every ,
m ornin g .
The Orden is a m orning paper edite d by Sr Gordil lo ,

. .
The Progreso is a s m all eve ning paper also of recent date , .
Rosa r io .
The i s a dail y pape r e stp bl ish e d in 1 8 6 8

Cap ita l , .
/
F e de ra l ista al so n e w a p p e a rs l ike w is
'
’
The , e da il y , .
Th e Eco E
lé Cordo a
4 1 2
b is the onl y da ily p a p ei in
‘
l
‘
' "
the nt er io : i
I
. z z E utre Rios q -
d
-
The Urugua y p ublished at Con cepc i on , is l e ditgd ‘
l t is
t
dail y z i
’
Top side re d G eneral Urq uiz a s official organ; ai d a
r p p ea r s ,
‘ q
i r '
:
Pa m g ua y .
‘
'
1 "1 1111 1
'
l 1
The Se rioi
z hrz o ofiicial orga
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J bl o g
n
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Al i ? - 1 1
0
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There are nu m erous sm a ll w e e kl y pa p ers pub l ished , 1n th e provincial

t o w n sk v iz ; at San Jua m rMe n doz a Salt a T uc u m an
,
, , ,
Santa F e ’S alto , &c .
Ha
.
5 5 '
1 50 MO N E Y S, E GHT S
W I , M E A SU RE S .
.
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1 1 1 ' 1 1J
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fi st
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( IF 1 2
MO NE Y S W E IG HTS , ME A S UR ES
, ,
AND DIST AN C E S .
B UENO S AY R ES .
IN Buen os Ayres the ba si s th e currency is the p ap er dollar or « p e so

of
‘
’
w orth 2 d E nglish , 2 5 « pes os » be i n g e qual t oa ha rd doll ar su ch as us e d

' w
.
,
i n N orth A m er ic a In a l l exch a nge op era t ions a n d th e like only spec ie i s

.
, ,
u sed the sove reig n b ein

, g t a ken for
$ 4 90 13 s ilv er or for
$ 1 2 2 } p a per .
,
1 .
The gold c oins of E ngl a nd N orth A m er ic a Fr a nce Sp a in a n d Br a z il a re a

, , , ,
l eg a l t en der thro ugho ut the R ep ublic a t the follo w ing r a tes : ,

A :
Sil v e r .
Hm
3 1 3
' '
Sov e re igaj , 90 -1 : 1 2 2 1}
T w enty Fr a ncs , 3 90 97 1 .
.
Chilia n Condor ,
2 3 1}
T w enty Milreis ,
275
United St a tes E a gle 2 50
D oubloon ,
40 0
In th e upper prov inces a l m ost al l tr a ns a ctions a re c a rried on in Boliv ia n
S ilver , the v a lue of w hich slightly fluctu a tes a t ti m es The Bo l i via n doll ar .
a ver a es a bout 3 5 E nglish or t w enty one to the doubloon

g
-
. .
,
1 58 TA BL E or D I S TAN C E S .
r J m
‘ '
v- f 1
1 1m ; ah l gim
t w ant ye fi v de nts s ilv em
'
l do bloon ) sa
fe 1 to E
t h e u s y 64 .
i s foreign , co1 n1 h ad
circdl atioh in th e co ntry 11 1 1 1 1 1‘ 1
‘
u ‘
. 1 11 1 11 11 1 1) 1 j a de rm 1
- ‘
h e tabl e of w eights is th eisa m e in B ue np s land m e asur e

‘
. fl l fl » as -
“
ist ve ry l diffe re n t 000 2 m fl
‘
, r
.
08
.
1 L ; i'
equ a l t 0 1 530
e a gue 0 0 NFa as
r 1 1 . Manz z an a ,
e q u al zt o 1 1 Eng 1ae res
, ,
.
!
A10 1
’
1 Cue rda i1 a do },
"
1 .
11 1 ;Sq . L e ague do , ,
4 , 50 0 acr es
11 Sq L e gu e do 3 36 0 0 m a n z n as fj
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1 T ABL E : 0 E D 1 ST ANC ES
.
F R OM Bum os i u m s 1 11 00 !
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1 1 11 1 0 11 1
ép
'
L e a gue s a n ish L e a gue s
“
.
'
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C p é Sa n R oqu e ;
a .
U 1
9 0
1111 Rio G ra n d e do Sul m
1 50
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Mo n tevi deo
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BahiaBl ai
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i
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f y
. V
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e l sl 1 Colony , 3 50
F a lkl a nd I sl a nds
21 ?
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Mdge na
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e h
fl ib
11 1a ” 11 l 1
S Th Clp
11
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1 1 1 1 14 ?
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d il o s 1 1 1 f 11
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o 1 11 1 m fl im 10 1 1 11 10 11
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3 50 8
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1 14
Rive r Pa ra na .
(I . m u m m
10 1 10 1” 110 1!
'
75 Esqe as ~
1 80
i
a l ta Fé
I
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5’ 0 ‘
Bell a
V ist a ;
Ca l ifori
m
1q
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iiaii C olony Corriente s
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L a Pa z
11 1 1 “ ( V ‘
Ui i 11 1 <
1 60
1. 9 111 1 4 W m " J rnu m m
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1 3m "
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m : w e ion it
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! River . Pa ra gua y/ q
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lw s m e ” 5 42 6 3 1 1 313 a .
il l l Hil m a t f)
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11 ‘
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. L‘. 1 " RIO Ap p a , m 0 11 t h f
viz ia m o
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Véim e j o; m o nth
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1 2 78 t sie t e r .
» i
ving Pil a f ; [ l l 2 80 Pa n de Az uca rg-l

‘
9 m o
‘
c. 1 1
‘ ‘
1 1 . 0
‘
Te biq ua ry , m out h; a w l 2 90 i 1 Fort Ol y m p o,

V illa Fr a nc a , N Rio
egro m outh
V ill a O liv a ,
300
3 15
' “
Fort Coi m br
,
a,
,
m m
1 11 1
3 40 1 A lbuq uerque ;
-
, 1 1 .
l If ‘R os a rio
'
. .
,
.1 4 365 1 C uru m b a, «1 1 1
San Pe dro , 1 3 80 Cuy ab a :

C once peio u , 40 0
TA BL E or D I S TAN C E S . 1 59
1 13 1 1 1 7
L 9 Ql fp p er Pa ra mi .
1 A
Pas a P
o l a t ria wib . F alls of Cur itib a 1 1 111 40 0
r
F alls of i
- 3 1 1111 3 1 0 0
Bio T a e n a ri m outh ,
9 11 4 2 5
1I‘tia n ue ra d e
‘
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1 3 15 salto de G ua yr a , 3 4 50
Ita p ua dz a
Ca nd ela ri a ’
,
31 11 1
i
F ra y Be n
t os ,
1
20 San ta Rosa ,
Bio N egro m outh , ,
. 40
Gdal e gua y chu, 9; 2 .
J 36 0 La Cru z
Concepcion ,
1 $0 Ifia qui,
Pay sa n dil , 83 11 1 0 Tom e ,
“
1
Co ncordi a ,
10 8 Sa n Bo rj a ,
1
Sa lt a ,
i
'
H r Profi r ccs .
F r ayle Muert o , ‘
Hil a ri o W ork s ,
11 10 Cu ar to 0 11 19
9 1 1110
1
1 .
,
1 50 Cata m a rc a ; $ 60
;
l
Cordob a f ‘
1 ’
,
San L u is ; 1 515 Tu “
.
1 J 17
0
'
F 11 1 1 1
‘ ‘
1 1
1
cu m a n ;
Mendo z a ;
"
Santi a go de l Est e ro
‘ m' f $ $ 0
Th e Andes , 3 10
Sa n
w a
'
ff
J J Y’
HP' "
it !
'
f
I H ?( 1 H(
3 0
:
;5 $ 0 O ra n , Bio
1; 9
3 19 6 5
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w g
.
P1 4 ?, g f os A
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0 z re
1” O
l y g 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 ;
‘
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1 1
r i « . 1 : 1 11 1
: 31 1 1 11
if 3 1
51
3 1
1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
0 11 m 1 11 1 1 r »
1 1
C a uue l a s , 11 16
1 3 1 1 1 1 11 7 3 1 . 11
1
1 1 1 . 11 1 I.
Sa n ie e nt e , o 1
S i err a Quil l a l a nq ue n, 62
L ob o s , A1 11 ], 55
1
-
Na v a 1n
_
j o
°
Arroyo Ch a p a leof u ,
59 .
0
1
1 11 11 1 111 11 Mignt e 5 1 Ma r Chiq ui t a ,
66
— R anchos —
S ierr a 69
L agun a l os Pad r es ,
Montes G r a n des , Ba hia Bl a nc a ,

T a nd il ,
1 60 M ET E ORO L O GI CAL TA L E B
N orth .
(l e p e da ,
A rroyo Medio
'
,
,g
o 0 0 '
l l ' ' 14
1 ' 3 Arroy o PaY on ,

Arrecifes , 1 . l,
Fo rtin
S alto ,
Perga m ino , D 0 0 0 0 0
F ort Cha nar , 1

Eort Me l incu e ,
India M uerta ,
W est .
Ch acabuco ,
J 1111 in ,
, .
Fa rt K i
nda} : 1
"
t'
25 Nueve de Julio , ’
o c
l
.
) l ,
Ii
{ gre Muerto ,
p u g
}! Fort
. V all i
m anca
1
. Sa ia dil l o ,
ME T E O R O L O G I C AL .
The foll o w i ng are the re tak en by of m eteorol o

gic al Ob servations ,
t he aid of one of Messrs . nim um a nd m axi mu m self
‘
re gist e 1 ing ther m o m ete rs (Fa hre n h e it) exposed i n the shade d uring th e ,
m onth of March at R osario fro m April t o J un e at Montevideo a nd fro m

, ,
E
J uly to Se pte m ber at Bue nos A y res :
1
?
, 1 1 1 .
Monthl y range fi fl ,
.
Gre atest diurnal range ,

Av e rage do .
,
Highest m axi m um
L o w est do .
Highest m inimum ;
-
.
j .
L o w est do
“
.
Avera ge do Z
,
'
Me an averages,
1 62 AD V I CE T O E M I G RAN T S .
ground of st eadiness The husb and m ust act either as sheep pe on or

. -
gardener an d the w ife as cook If they hire on an estancia in Bueno s

, .
Ayres their j oint w ages m a y be cal culate d at £ 4 5 per annu m b ut if they ,
g o to Banda O riental , Entre Rios , or the other Provinces , they w ill -
e arn £ 8 0 .
4t h Speculators —w e w ant so m e w ide a w ake prac ti cal m e n po sse ssing

. -
, ,
m oney and experience W e have no m anu ta ct ure s in the Rive r Plate W e

.
.
w ant a paper m ill a w oollen m anufactory o m nibuses t o p l y throu g h the

, ,
c ity , pleasure gardens an English theatre an d fifty other enterprises

, ,
w hich w o uld handso m e l y pay the originators .
The above are the classes ac tuall y w anted but so m e others m ight possibly ,
b etter the m selve s by c o m ing hither For instance there is room for half .
,
a dozen E nglish physicians in the ca m p a fe w m e chanics m igh t get good ‘

-
w ages in the interior ; printers are al ways w anted in Buenos A y res so m e

s ob er c oach m en m a y also co m e out and a good teacher of m usic or ,
lan guages w ill find plenty to do .
It m a y be needful to specify the classes n ot w anted

l st L a w yers la nd survey ors n e w spaper rep orters and graduate s of
.
, , ,
u niversiti e s The ; first t w o are de ba r1 ed fro m pra cti sing un til they go
.
,
:
t hrough a course of st udie s in the universit ies of th ese countries a nd t ake
. .
o ut degrees here This invol ves three years and is not w orth the troubl e
.
,
.
R eporters if even they kne w Spa nish w oul d get nothing to do the re
'
, , ,
b eing n o m eeti ngs l a w trial s le ctures &c to report . G raduate s a re

,
-
, ,
.
,
p roverbi a lly u sele ss for a m a n m a y ih a v e Ho,

m er and Virgil by heart , a nd .
'
b e obliged to sell ora nges for a living :

So m e o f this class c om e out to s eek
.
2 nd Clerks and shop assistants

'
'
. .
,
.
their fo1 t une and g enerally return Th ey a re ign orant of Spanish .

,
m or e ov e r t h e Engli sh hOu se s
'
a n d therefore both helple ss and useless :
b 1 ing o ut thei 1 o w n cl erks and look w i th distrust on st rangers Hal f a

,
.
dozen youth s understanding Spanish a nd their business m ight fa l l into a ,
d rapery or g1 oce ry a year As a class ho w ever the y a re

,
.
, ,
n ot w anted .
3 rd Une m ployed gentle m en

. If these m e n h ave sufficient m one y to buy .
'
a flock of sheep , it i s likely t hey w ill get disgusted and sell out at a l oss ,
-
.
I f they have not ,they are out of ele m ent not w illing to w ork h ard and , ,
d esirin g so m e lucrative post w h ich they w ould be unable to fill .
4 th Trades m en w ith large fa m ilies

. Most handicraf ts being exercise d .
by Frenc h Italian or Spanish operatives it is not l ikel y an E nglish tailor ,

, , ,
b oot m aker or carpenter w ou l d fin d w a ges so m u ch b etter than at ho m e ,
c o m p arat ively w ith the va l ue of m oney in both countries , as to be w orth

S T EA M LI NE S TO L A PLA T A .
the ch ange If he ha s a fe w hundre d po un ds , t o start for hi m self he m ay

. ,
po ssibly get on but if he h as a l arge fa m ily and no ready m oney he w ill

,
,
find hi m self m uch w o rse th a n at ho m e .
h i Of
‘
i
‘
5 th Fast
.
young m e n If there w ere a l a w proh ibiting
.
t e m p o rt a t on
this cla ss it w ould be a service to the c ountry and to the m selves The
,
.
B ritish Hospital and Policia can t ell of m any locked up for drunkenn e ss ,
a nd fi nally dying i n « delir iu m tre m en s f or this cl i m ate cu t s t h e m off ,

» .
w ith extraordinary rapidity .
We h ave n ow po inte d out dist in ctly t h e class es w hich are sure to g et o n

w ell and also those w hich m ust com e here only to be s adly disappointed .
If the i m m igrant ha s little self conceit and a good te m per h e w ill find , ,
friends every w here It stri ctly sober and honest he is sure to thriv e
. ,
.
It i s perfectly i m m aterial w hether he b e Catho l i c or Protestant A goo d .
e ducation is not v irtual ly a dis a dv antage The cli m ate i s the fi nest on .
e a rth a n d p e rson s w ho co m e out young speedily accustom the m selve s

,
:
The distan ce fro m E urope is very great , and tho se w h o ca st the ir fortune s
h ere have little chan ce of seeing the O ld W orld again not one in a -
,
h undred ever r e turnin g Still the country has so m any ad vantages a n d ‘

, ,
the people are in general so ki nd , that ho m e sickness » is hardl y kno w n « .
sr nx n S ER V I C E T O TH E RI VER PL A T E .
A fe w years ago there w a s but on e line of st e a m er s plyi ng to Braz i l and

the River Pl a t e viz the Royal Mail fro m So utha m pton At present there
,
.
-
.
are se ven lines viz t the So utha m pton Liverpool ,

L ondo n Bordeaux
.
, , ,
Marseilles and Ne w York stea m boat services

”
.
,
1 The Roy al Mail Co m pany despatch a ste a m er on the m orni n g of th e

.
9 t h of every m onth fro m Southa m pton or on the l Ot h if the previous day

'
, ,
b e S unday This line has been running Over t w enty years : the vessels
.
a re large a nd co m m odious Fare s — l st class £3 5 a nd up w ards : return .

,
.
t ickets available for t w elve m onths issued a t a fare a nd a half ; 2 ud class

, ,
-
,
£ 2 5 good acco m m odation ; b ut th is class is not allo w ed to m ix w ith the

,
fi rst or go on the quarter deck Be d beddin g plate a nd utensils provide d -

.
, , ,
for bot h classes A reduction of one sixth is allow ed for fa m ilies of four
.
- '
o r m ore persons travelling fi rst class The stea m er calls at L isbon C ape
' ’
»
-
.
,
Ve rds Bah ia and Pern a m buco : at Rio Ja ne y ro p a sse n ge rs for the Rive r
, , .
Plate are transhipped to the Arno The voyage o ccupies thirty one days t o .
-
Montevideo and thirty t w o to Buenos Ayres

, For regulations about
-
’
.
luggage &c se e the com pany s pam phlet given grat is on appli cation
,
.
,
’
, ,
either personally or by letter to C aptain Vincent S uper intendent South , , ,
a m pton or , to J M Lloyd , Esq , 55 Moorgate Street , London , E C . . .
11 2
$21 64 A D VIC E TT O E MIG R AN T S .
ii . Me nsa ge rie s I m per iale s or French m ai l l ine fro m Bordeaux

The , ,
nstabli she d in 1 8 6 1 al so ca rry a m onthly m a il leaving Bordeaux on the

'
’
u o
.
, ,
5 5t h a nd m aking the voyage in the sa m e nu m ber of days as the

,
.
“
S o utha m pton lin e At 3 10 J an e y ro passengers are in like m anner tran
.
s h ip p ed to the Aun i s for the River Pl ate F e w E n gl is h m en co m e by th is .
Lin e b ut if a perso n w ishes to v isit Pari s I cen passant » h e ca n re a ch

'
' '
Bo rd e aux fro m L ondon in t w o da ys The vessel s call a t L isbon Goree .

, ,
B a h ia Perna m b uco and Bio J a n e y ro : they are not so large as th e Roy a l

, ,
-
Mail Stea m ers F irst cabin incl uding w ine £ 50 S econd cabin £ 2 0
’
‘
.
.
, , ,
.
fi ffi ce —Me ssrs x F l e t ch e r Co Liverpool , and Messrs Horne 4 Moorgate .

,
.
,
fifth L ondon
,
.
33 The L i verpool and Rive r Plate Mail Co m pany d espatch a stea m e r

. .
f ro m L iverpool on the 2 0 th of e a ch m onth calling a t L isbo n Bahia and , ,

, ,
Ed i e J a n e y ro and co m in g on to the Rive r Pl at e w itho ut any tranship m ent Of

'
m a ss e n ge r s : they usually m ake the p assage i n t w enty eight days T h e -

.
a re a t m e nt and ac co m m odation on board are excellent Th e lin e w a s

'
-
.
«e st a blished in 1 86 3 an d in 1 8 6 8 obtained a m a il charter fro m the Britis h

,
5
fi e ve rn m e nt F irst cabin £ 3 5 S econd cab in £ 2 5 S t eerage £ 1 6

.
,
.
,
.
,
‘
sh e 1 st and 2 ud cl as ses are fo und i n e verything ; steerag e passengers get

na tions on the e m igration d ieta ry s cale Agents Messrs L a m port a nd .
,
.
H o l t 2 1 W ater St and Me ssrs W right Kels o 7 To w er b uildings W ater St

'
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
L ive rpool Mr L l oy d of the latte r fi rm is Argentine V i ce Cons ul , and w ill

. .
-
’
g i v e a ny infor m ation r e quired The C o m pan y s stea m ers are the follo w ing .
T y c ho Bra he 1 8 58 tons ; ,
1 4 9 9 ; G al ile o 1 5 2 5 ;
.
,
c t on 1 0 7 4 ; Ptole m y 1 1 1 5 ; Ha l ley 1 3 4 7 ; Donati

,
Hu m boldt
, , , ,
8 3 6 ; F la m steed 1 3 7 6 ; Copernic us 1 3 9 7 ; Saladin 5 1 0 ; , , ,
I ronside sffiil l ; L a P l a t a 1 3 93 ; L a Pla ce 1 1 94 Reduction for fa m ilies , ,

. . .
fi e t n rn tick et for t w el ve m ont hs at a fa re and a h alf

-
, ,
-
.
a The Ne w York and Braz ilia n Mail Co m pany despat ch a m onthly

. .
’
s t e a m er fro m Ne w York w hich calls at St Tho m as s Par a Perna m buc o
"
.
, , , ,
:aw i l Ba hia arriving at Rio J a n e y ro in t w enty four days

‘
,
The l ine wa s -
.
e st a bli shed in 1 8 6 6 and has a s ubsidy fro m the A merican and Brazilian ,
.
G o vern m ents It is proposed to have a b ra n ch line to the Rive r Plate ;

'
'
Hi rst class fro m Ne w York to Rio £ 50

'
.
,
5 The L ondon Belgiu m Braz il and R iver Plate Mail Co m pany de sp atch a
’
’ ‘
, ,
'
: st e a m er fro m L ondon w ith E ngli sh m ails w h ich takes t he Bel gian m ail s a t
‘
, ,
An t we rp a nd receives passengers for South A m erica at Fal m outh on t h e 3 rd o f

,
e a ch m onth The li ne w as st a rt e d by Messrs Tait Brothers of L i m erick in

.
.
, ,
5 8 6 7 a n d has so m e fine n e w stea m ers w ith super ior ac co m m odation The

‘
(C ity of Rio Ja ne y ro has m ade one of t h e quicke st pas sages to Bra z il ou

'
e . .
,
AD V I C E T O E M I GRA T S
”
166 N .
As to l etters of introducti on the y a re useful ; and a s m an y m a y b e ‘
'
brou ght as cho ice m a y dictate But l e t it nOt be supposed t h at the y w ill .
‘
al w ays a v ail to pro cure a situation for the b earer M er chants are often .
« bored » by a doz en su ch re co m m e n dations on the arri val Of th e p a cket ,

'
.
Irish e m igrants should invariably bring letters to th e head of their '
c ountry m en her e V Re v Ca non Fahy ,

. . .
Packing up the trunk is a serio us consideration : w e advise the reade r t o

provide hi m self w ith an ab undant supply of cloth in g an d co m fort s not ,
only for th e v oya ge b ut b ecause they cost here three t i m es their v a lue i n
,
E ngland and m a y b e introduced duty fre e They m ust be bona fi de for

,
.
-
’
p ersonal use and m arked w ith the o w ner s na m e to avoid suspicion o f
'
s m uggling A b ox of kid gloves or roll of silk w ould be exposed to C usto m

.
house seizure but sh irts a nd clothing (m arked ) incur no risk A gun or

,
.
r e volver saddle and equip m ents should not be o m itted and if not re q uire d
, ,
after w ards m ay b e sold at a profit ; b ut n o m ore th an one is p er m i tte d an d ,
w e caution p assengers aga inst the false idea of bringin g out b oots fi re ,
ar m s &c on speculation A doz en linen suits w ill b e found usef ul on

,
.
,
.
“
board w hen near t he t rop ics, a n d al w ays co m e in w ell for su m m er
' ’
w ear h ere .
LE TT ER S 0 1 ‘
C REDI T .
W e should a d vise e m igrants intend bringing m oney w ith the m to w ho ,

‘
do so by m eans of a L e t te r of C redit This m a y ea sily b e obta ined

'
.
.
through al m ost every Bank in E ngland and Scotland on the L ondo n

‘
_ ,
' ,
a nd Rive r Pl a t e or Mau a Ba nks o f th is city and Montevideo (B O riental }

, , .
A nd in l re l and from any of the various bran ches O f the National Bank of
' ' '
Ire l a n d fw h ich also grants L e tt e rs of Credit 0 11 the ab ove -Banks The -

,
.
a gents in Buenos Ayres of the National Bank ar e Messrs W a nk l n

’
C
'
o i
y . .
The abo ve Credits m a y be Obtained for a trifl ing charge for com m ission ,
if the a m ount be under £ 50 0 ; an d if o ver th at sum w e believe free of ,

.
'
any charge w h atev er The party taking a L etter of Credi t w ill al w ays
.
r eceive a dup l icat e w hich he should leave at hom e w ith his fri ends i n
'
,
’
ca se of his losing the original ; or the ship being lost .
This cour se w e can w ith confidence re co m m end to our friends as b eing

the b est and s afest and on e that does not in any w a y involve the pos sibility
'
o f a loss w hilst by th e old and fool ish syste m of c arry ing gold about t h e
'
p erson a m an r uns t he r isk of lo sing it or bei ng robbed a nd if the ship

'
, ,
is lost for a cer tainty lose s hi s m oney also W hereas by the L etter of .
C redit syste m even should the ship b e lost h is friends at h om e ha ve sti l ,

IN ST R U CT I ON S O N L ANDIN G . 67
g ot the duplicate L etter of C redit , by w hich th ey ca n obta in the m o ne y

d e posited .
m sr nn CT IO ivs O N LAND IN G .
Pas sengers by the m ail s t ea m ers are usu ally l an ded in a littl e steam b oat
-
,
but failing this it w ill b e ne cessa ry to tak e a w haleboat (M L e a n s are th e ‘ ’
best ) and be sure to bargain w ith the boat m an b efore l eav in g th e ship his
,
.
charge w ill depend on the w eather say 3 2 0 to 850 a head O n no ac coun t , .
let any of yo ur l n gg age be se p arated fro m y ou or you m a y los e it

or
,
.
R ea ching the m ole you w ill be assail ed by an i m pe tuous gang of port ers
pick out one of the m count for him the nu m ber of yo ur trunks a nd let
, ,
h im get others to help him if he l i k e : he w ill char ge probably 85 or $ 10

a trunk to tak e the m to yo ur h otel At the R esguardo n e ar the end o f th e
.
,
m ole , you w ill ha ve t o open yo ur tr unk for exa m ination ; if you do so

w ith good grace y o u w i l l find the offi cials m ost polite and a n xious to sa v e
yo u any trouble If y ou have cigars sil ks j e w ellery or fi re ar m s , yo u
.
, , ,
-
h a d be tter declare the sa m e O n a rriv ing at your hotel i f you ha ve an y

.
d illicul ty w ith the port ers about y our l uggage a sk the land l ord to settle ,
w ith the m You w ill find the h otels very cheap and good th e charge fo r
.
,
bed a nd boa rd not exceeding eight shill ings a day unl ess you t ake a sit tin g ,
roo m w hich you w ill fi nd very dear Place yo ur c ard w ith the n u m ber o f
, .
yo ur room in th e fra m e at the s ta ir s foot L ock your roo m w henever y ou

’
.
'
go out leaving the key w ith the po rter : lo ck it also at night If any o f
,
.
y o u r trunk s have been detaine d at the Resguardo or sent to the C usto m
ho use lose n o ti m e to e m ploy M r Hill of 7 6 Call e Defensa or so m e other

, .
, ,
respe ctable broker to clear the m for you : th e cost w ill b e trifling unl es s
, ,
duties be enforced in w hi ch case they w i l l a m ount t o

, per cent on th e .
val ue of the a rticle .
The change cf c l i m ate w ill n ecess arily obli ge you to b e careful as t o

your m anner of living R ise early t e ke a cold ba t h every m orning be w a re
.
,
‘
of w alking about m uch i n the sun and re m e m ber th at th ere are frequen t,
changes of te m perature even in one day Flannel s inglets light clothin g .

,
and a straw hat are advisable in su m m er m onth s At all seasons th e .
m ornin gs are frequently cold n e cessitating w ar m clothin g Be very

,
.
c areful of a cut finger or other tri fling w ound w h i ch m ust be kept closely ,
b andaged : it is so m eti m es v ery hard to heal a s m all cut if the a ir get in to ,
it and w e have unfortunately m any c as es of lo ckj a w fro m a m ere scratc h

,
not attended to It is also very ba d t o dr i nk m u ch cold w ater w hich a cts a s

.
,
a purgative on strangers The m ost w holeso m e drink at breakfast or

.
dinner i s French w ine for w hich n o ch arge is m ade i n the hotels Brandy
,
.
i s too hot for the c l i m ate and m ust only b e taken w ith extre m e m oderation
,
AD VI C E ro
'
nm cm msa
« delirium tre m ens fro m the inte m perate u se o f spirits , results soon e r in
,
t h is than 1 11 any other country Th e m ea t of the country is g ood an d

.
w h oleso m e except p ork w h ich you h ad better avo id seeing th e

, , 0
.
,
O bje ctionable m anner of rear in g s w ine in Buenos Ayres In the h ot e l s th e .
u su a l hour for br eakfast 1 s 9 A M an d dinner 5 P M As soon as co nv e nie nt

'
-
. . .
after a rriv al yo u m a y cal l at th e S ta nd a rd office 7 4 Calle Belgrano w h ere , ,
the edit 0 1 s w ill gladly give y o u any infor m ation or ad vice in their po w er .
L etters fro m hOm e m a y a l so b e directe d to their care free of charge Poor .
e m i grants looking for e m ploy m ent can have advertise m ents inserted gratis .
Ne w arriv als should b e careful ab out roa m ing through the streets after
1 1 P M alth ough the city is m ore quiet and OI de rl y than m ost larg e to w ns
. .
, .
Abov e all things b e w are of intoxication and keep out of the Poli cia In ,
.
the coffee houses never m ake any offensive re m arks ab out the countr y ; it
-
,
w o ul d be ill breeding and m any of those around you are sure to understa nd
-
,
E nglish If y ou m eet a re l igion s procession eit her turn into the next street
.
,
o r take Off your hat and stand till it passes by If a nyone ask y oufor .
'
a light forhis cigar present yours to him politely Re m e m ber al w ays th at

, .
politenes s and e q11 a l ity are t he rule of the country , and act up to it .
70 I T INE RA RY FROM EN G LAND .
English m e n usually sto p at th e Hotel Bra ganz a w hich sur m ounts one of ,
the se ven hills a nd is situated close to th e O pera house , in the aristo crati c
,
-
q uarter : charge eight shillin gs a day The R ocio ter m inates the lo w er
, .
t o w n built by Po m bal a nd 1 s fl anke d on t w o sides b y the D On a Maria theatr e

a n d St Do m ingo churc h
. In the centre a m onu m ent is being ere cted t o .
Don Pedro I w h o abdicate d th e throne of Braz il to return to th e m other

.
country In p ubl i c m onu m en ts plaz as fountains &c the city ab ounds

.
, , ,
.
,
.
It m a y g i ve so m e idea of Lisbon to say that it c o m prise s 3 55 streets 2 8 1 ,
t raves sas or cause w ays 1 2 plazas 52 plazuelas 5 public parks 6 the atres , , , , ,
200 chur ches and 3 6 p ublic fountains ,

It contains over .
inhabitants and enj oys a privileged clim ate The traveller should visit t he
,
.
C athedral t h e Abb ey of Bel en t h e Paseo da E strella the aqueduct an d

, , , ,
t he O pera house In th e coffee houses m ay be had ca p it al p ort w ine at t w o

-
.
- -
shillin gs a b ottle The E n glis h book store i s in Rua do C arm o E nglish

.
-
.
Vi ce Consul Je re m iah Meagher Chaplain Re v T K Brow n Messrs

-
,
.
,
. . . . .
Kno w les —Co are agent s for the Ro y al Mail Com pany and Messrs .
, ,
’
Tai t s L ondon line and th e Li verpool an d River Plate Co m pany , ,
have also agen cies If the steam er delay m ore than one day the travel le r
.
‘
s h ou l d dri ve out to C intra 1 7 m iles one of the m os t ch a rm ing sp ot s in th e

'
, ,
uni ver se T here is n ow rail w ay co m m unication fro m Lisb on to Paris and

.
,
s o m e peopl e co m e thi s w a y to avoi d the Bay of Biscay The ro ute is th i s ,

.
-
Paris to Bordeaux 1 2 h ours ; Bordeaux to Madrid ,2 0 ho urs ; Madrid t o
,
Badajoz 1 6 hours ; Badaj oz to Lisbon 1 5 hours

,
.
Bet w een Madrid and , .
L isb on the tra veller had b etter carry provisions

,
.
. Four days fro m Lisb on w e p ass the Ca nary Islands the Peak of Teneriffe ,
rising ,to a sh e igh t of . feet and being visible at a gr eat distan c e

, ,
.
F o rm e rly the stea m ers call ed here ; b ut the o ver zealous quarantine regu
)
-
l a tions c a u sed the c oaling st a tion t o b e transferr e d to San Vi cente Th e -

.
cli m ate of the Canaries 1 5 m ost sal ubrious and the s cenery i nteresting th e ,
.
isla nds be l on g t o Spa in being governed by a Ca pta in General and ar e

u ,
-
,
s o m eti mes u se d a s a p l a ce of exile for turbulent politicians T he late '

.
Marshal O D onn e l l w a s born here The islands produce go od w ine a n d

.
’
. .
-
fruits : the inhabitants are w h ites L ord Nelson fought on e of h is b attle s

‘
here Teneriffe is a station on the Cadiz an d Havana line of stea m ers

.
.
W hen th e m ail stea m e rs ca l l ed at Madeira , thi s w a s a very plea sa n t h al t

for passengers The island is n ow so m eti m es sighted and can be c l earl y
.
,
s een at sixty m i l es distan ce : there are three pe a ks above t h e t ow n o f '
F unchal w hich are of considerable elevation

,
.
Th e Cape Ver de Islands are m ade i n seven days fro m L isb on Sa n

,
.
Antonio is fertile and m ountaino us « Bird Rock » is a conic al piece o f .

CA PE VERD s T 0 1
PBRNAMBU C O . . 17 1
gr ani te te nan te d by se a gu l ls ; and opp site to it is the w retch ed i sland o f

'
- o
,
St Vin cent This is certainl y the m ost b ar re n spot on th e w orld s surfa ce

. .
’
sund ry bOl d ranges of m ountains but n ot a parti cle of v e getation in it s

’
‘
,
'
w h ol e e x t e n t th ere is n ot a blade of gr ass not a w e ed Tw o palm tre e s =

'
-
.
,
near the barrack and t w o orang e trees on the beach are sustained in som e
, ,
m i raculous m ann er The po rt is s pa cious a n d se cnre on ou e side a s m all ‘
. .
fort fly ing the Port uguese fla g o verlooks the shipping ; o n another th e

'
, ,
su m m it of a n adj acent m ountai n b ears a str ik ing rese m blance to t he

‘
he a d of W ash ington Mr Miller th e English Consul h as a cottage a little

-
. .
, ,
abo ve t he to w n w h ich i s a s tra ggling collection of about a hundred houses

, ,
b uilt of ston e and a neat little church There is an E nglish ce m etery up

, .
the hill side and on the beach is the grav e o f an Engl ish colonel s w ife
-
, .
’
,
w h o died returning fro m India Th e w ater is so clear an d blue that th e . .
‘
natives w ill dive for a sh il l in g a n d c atch i t before i t r ea ches t h e bot tom ,
‘
.
the boat m en sell so m e pretty m ats and inl aid w ork b oxes w hi ch co m e -
,
fro m Madeira There is also a good supply Of fr uit fr om the island c f Sa n

.
Antonio w hose rugged an d lofty outlin e is seen a fe w m iles w est w ard

,
.
Th e ga rrison o f th e plac e c onsist s of a co m pany of Port uguese soldi er s

:
the nati ves are all bla ck and oc cupy the m selves in co aling the stea m ers ,
.
Fro m St Vincent to the Brazil s the sea is al w ays as s m ooth as a m il l p o nd

.
a
,
and the heat is of cours e i ntens e crossing the Lin e Y ou see m yriads of ,
.
fl ying fis h and n ow and the n a sh a rk or a sh oal of porpo ises or the tiny

-
, ,
little nautil us w ith sail before the w ind (sailors call it the P ortuguese m a n
o f—
.
w a r) At night the sea i s phosph ores cen t ; the m oon shines : w ith ’
.
peculiar bril lianc y an d the constellat ion of the Southe rn Cross re m ind s us
,
.
'
that : w e a re ia a n e w he m isph ere Pa ssen ge rs sho uld b e w ar e oi ‘
“
-
. .
-
.
Cat chin g cold and on no ac count sleep On de c k

'
If t h ey cont inue th e ir
'
'
.
, .
usual m orning b ath they w ill find it very rel axing the sea w ater bein g .
,
-
act ually w ar m e r th an the at m osphere .
Fernando Noronha i s sighted on the seventh day fro m St Vin cent ; It is .
a s m all rocky isl a n d use d by the Brazilians a s a pen al settle m ent and h as ‘
p ,
a light house A s w e approach th e coast of Braz il w e see nu m b ers o f

-
.
b ir ds and th e first la nd visibl e is Cap e Sa n Roq ue a bold head l and ,2 0 0

, ,
m iles north of Perna m buc o
Per nam bu co is th e w orst port in the w orld The m ail stea m ers l ie out .
far to sea ; an d there is a nasty reef near the shore When the w eath er is
'
at all rough p assengers are lo w ered over the side in an a rm chair Th e boats
, . .
a re strong b uoyant and w ell m anned but ther e are so m eti m es sudd e n
,
-
, ,
'
change s in the w eather especially abo ut 1 P M w hich render it bot h ,

. .
,
d iflicul t and dangerous for pa ss engers to r eturn aboard Bathers had better .
. 172 I T INE R ARY FRO M : EN G LA N D .
l o ok On t here for sh arks

,
hich are v ery ;num erous The city has about
, , w .
'
'
inh a bita nt s in cl udin g a fe w E nglish a nd dOcs a great business

' '
f
.
, ,
Wi t h Engl a nd a n d oth er coffee cotton &c It is b uilt On

'
'
, .
, ,
t hree or four islands and ’a fine iron bridge w as p ut up re ce ntly ; to co nnec t ,
t h e ch ief business qu ar ters .

A pretty drive m ay be tak e n to O linda the .
‘ ’
c ab fare is t e n t m il re iS (fifteen shillings ) for t w o persons Royal Mail

'
» .
. .
“
C o m pany agents Me ssrs Adam son iHo w ie Co Brit ish Consul B 3 W
,
.
,
.
,
. .
Doyle Vice C on sul Al e x a n de r Gol l a n Chaplain Re v Charles A An st in

.
-
,
.
,
. . .
From Perna m buco t o Bah ia the voyag e o ccup ies thirty six hours Th e
' ’
- -
.
'
o verla nd j ourney w ould take a s m any days there being n o road through ,
'
t h e forests Th e distan ce is under 5 0 0 m iles In these w aters w e m eet a ‘
. .
n um ber of « cata m arans » th e strangest kind o f craft e ver se e n y t he

y ,
s o m eti m es venture over 1 0 0 m iles fro m th e shor e .
’
Bahia Or S an Salvador is the oldest city in Braz il an d n ext i n
'
'
, , ,
im portanc e after th e m etropolis The b ay i s very fin e th e v e getation .

,
l ux uriant ; the city s tret ches along a hill side w ith nu m ero us churches and
‘
-
,
oth er m assi v e buildings T he sub urb called Victori a i s the residence o f

“
.
the E nglish m erchants e m bow ere d in gardens a nd enj oyin g the fresh
.
, ,
'
'
b reez e fro m the Atlantic O n landing th e trav eller finds a h ost o f .
palanquins re ady to carry h im up th e hil l but these con veya nces w hich , ,
a re borne b t w o negro es look so greasy that so m e peo ple pre fer w al king
y ,
.
The heat i s so great that the best plan is to t ak e a coa ch and four m ules D rijve . .
fi rst to the Bot anical G ardens w he nce a splendid vie w is O btained Then ,
.
se e the ol d Jesuit cathe dr al the G overn m ent ho use ra i l t in s a d

{ w a y e rm u n ,
-
,
post Offi ce : if y ou have ti m e t o driv e to t he h e a d ofl t he bay , nea r the ’ ‘
- '
P ortugue se hospital it w ill repay th e trouble More t h a n th re e fourths of

,
.
i - '
t h e inhabitants are colored a nd the city i s so filt hy that fou l odours as sail
‘
'
one ou a l l sides : T here is an e xce llent Coffe e house opposi te t h e ip ost

’
-
.
Office Mail Pa cket a gents W ilson Hett

. Co Brit ish Con sul John , ,
.
'
Morgan Chaplain ; R ev Charles G Nicolay There is an E nglish cricket

‘ '
«
. . . .
club here Bahia boasts the large st ora n ge s a nd the fat t est black w o m en
.
in S outh A m eri ca . 4
R io Ja ne y ro is abo ut 8 0 0 m iles fro m Bah ia and the voyage takes nearly ,
thre e days The entran ce to the Ba y o f Rio is th e grand es t pi cture that

.
e ver delighted the eye of m an grand sole m n a n d i m posing A chain of , , ,

.
w ild and dark colored m ountains fo rm s t h e coast line ; right a head of u s

-
.
- -
the l and re cedes discovering a s w e approach t w o rocky i sle t s on e of

'
, , , ,
t h e m c ro w n e d by a l ight hous e Presently w e b egin t o descry hous es -

.
p erched h e re a n d th ere a m o ng th e hills w hile the pe ak s of Gabia Tij uca

'
, , ,
C orcovado , and the S ugar loaf , fro w n upon us in over a w in g m aj esty - -

.
17 4 I T INERARY ; FRO M E N G LAND .
“
occup y as w e ascend t ow ards Tij uca The O m nib us stops a t
t he l in e of ,rout e . .
'
a place ca l led An dra h y Here y ou c an hire : a horse or c oa ch to a scend the

.
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h ill Th e r oad w inds round a suc cession of precip ices disclosing at every
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po int the m ost e n ch a nt in g vie w s : the gorge be l ow ; is at ti m es 50 0 feet

_
p erpendicular There are several Country seats w here the o w ners reside
.
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i n su m m er The roa d is first rate and a t short distanc es there are gas
.
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l a m ps Th e English Ho te l i s in a hollo w although stil l at a gre at height ;

,
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the proprietor is Mr Bennett It w o uld b e di ffi c ult even in England to . .
"
fin d an y thing to surpass the neatness ele gance and co m fort o f this ho use , ,
.
Mr Be n n e tt gets up p ic nic pa rties t w i c e a w eek to all th e finest points of

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s cener y in this lovely ne ighbourhood After seeing Tij uca y ou should .
n ext m ak e a trip t o Petropolis The first part of the journey is

'
.
m ade in stea m boat so m e fouI teen m iles across the b ay the second Is i n
,
’
the Baron Ma u a s rail w ay about sixteen m ile s and th e rest by dili gence , ,
. .
The asc ent of th e Sierra da Est 1 el l a a branch of the O rgan Mountain s is , ,
m ost pict ure sque Th e roa d is a t 1 iu m p h of e n l n e e i 1 n skill the

.
v 0 ‘
m oup t a in s ide being al m ost perpendicular W hen you ha ve ascended .

,
abo ut a thousand feet y ou se e the road w inding zig z ag belo w you every '
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bend for m ing a ,terrace c ut in the rock There is no possibility : of an .

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,
a c cident t he road be ing line d o ve 1 th e pre cipi ce w ith a stone w all four
, , .
fe e t high Pe tropolis Is at last rea ched after a hal f ho ur s dri ve o ver t he

t able lan dlying bet w een t w o ridges It is e m b oso m ed in the m ountains
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.
,
at a hei ght of 2 6 0 0 feet above the sea The m ountain s rise all around like .
a h ai rier the vegetation is a s tal l a nd l uxuriant as at Tij uca Petropo l is

,
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.
i s the su m m er residence of t he Braz ilian C o urt a n d aristo cra cy The , .
E m pe ror s pa l ace is a hp e m a ssive pile of ibuil ding not unl ike an Ital ian
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j
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n ble m an s v il l a
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o .
Th e great attra ction inR10 is the Bot a ni ca l Garden , w ith an avenue of

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as n o m atch in t h ew orld The drives around by Botafogo .

,
L arangeiras L a G l ori a & c a re very be auti ful and o m nibuses ply every
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, , , ,
hour fro m the square a dj oin in g the E m peror s palace In t he sh ops of Rua ’
.
O uvidor w ill b e found feather fl ow e rs b eetles j e w e l l e ry and s uch like -

, , ,
ar ticles The En glish Co nsulate Is in the R ua Direita Consul Mr Geo rge

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L ennon Hunt w ho 1 s also agent for the Roy al Mail stea m ers The E nglish
,
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M inister Mr Buck l ey Mathe w resides n éar Botafogo Th e E xchange a nd

P ost oflice are in the sa m e street as the Consul ate and MDo w e l l s hotel
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Fro m Rio to Montevide o takes four or fiv e days according to t he w eather ,

.
Pa m peros m e not un co m mon on this coast Far ou t to sea b efore seeing .

,
land w e can per ceive the effe ct of the w aters of t he R iver Plate , changin g
,
the color of the o cean Mal donado is sit uate at the m outh of the river , and
.
ARRI VA L IN TH E R IVER PL ATE
‘
. 75
th e n a vigat ion is here very dangerou s o w ing to the bad arrange m ent o f
‘
"
’
l ights A profi table seal fishery i s carried on at L obos Island The c oast .
o f the Banda O rienta l i s l o w and uninte restin g t il l w e sight the « m ount » '
w hich has g iven its n a m e to Montevideo .
Montevideo is the capital of th e Republic of Uruguay w ith a p opulation ,
of so ul s Th e city as seen from the bay looks to a dvantage th e

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, , ,
to w ers o f the Mat riz C hurch and the C usto m house and Car idad Hospita l ,
-
being conspicuous The be st hotels are th e O riental and A m erica no

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charge 93 per day Stra ngers are ad m itted to th e Club they w ill fi nd
. . .
the D a il y S ta nda rd a t the age n cy Mr G Behren s 1 0 3 C alle Z ava l a Full y ,

. .
, .
t hree fourths of the inhabita nts a re forei gn er s in cluding a nu m ber o f

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E nglis h and Ger m an m erchants There a re nu m ero us fi n e buildings .

,
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espe cially the Bolsa w here the m erchants m eet at t w o P a il every day
, , .
The R iver Plate Telegraph Co s o ffice is in th e sa m e b uilding Ther e .

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are drives to th e Pa so Molina Busch e nt ha l s quinta and a t ram w a y to Union ,

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, .
The Re v Mr Ada m s reads Divine servi ce at elev en o clock on Sundays a t

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the English C hurch The British Hospital i s a s m all building near the fort
. .
The Go vern m ent house is in Ca lle R incon Major Munro iis British Vice
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Consul Mail p a cket agent Mr Charles 50 C alle Ca stella nos ; Ta it s li ne
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M r S ch w artz 1 0 3 Calle Misiones ; L iverpoo l stea m ers Mr ; Char l e s Hor ne

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2 1 3 Calle C errito .
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The stea m ers lea ve Montevideo in the e vening and arri ve at the oute r
'
roads of Buenos Ayres by dayb reak The m inarets church to w ers and
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, ,
c upolas give a light and fantastic appearance to th e city w hich seated , ,
s o m e e ighty fe et above the w estern shore of the L a Plata ex tends about ,
t w o m iles along the w ater s edge and for m s an irre gular quadrangle of 50 0
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c uadras o r ,
acres area
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O n n ear approach th e v arious public
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,
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b uilding s can be clearly discerned rising fro m the cro w d of m inor e difices ,
.
In the centre of the p icture is the C usto m house w it h a w harf stretch i n g -

,
so m e 6 0 0 yards into the river O n the right are se en t h e belfry of L a .

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Merced the Capitania del Puerto w ith a flagstaff the fin e edific es of Do n

, ,
F elipe Llavallol and Don J uan Anchorena and at the extre m ity of the lin e ,
o f be ach the gas house close to w hi ch are the ter m i

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nus of th e Northern
,
R ail w a y a nd a batte ry of fo ur guns a fle ur d e a u u sed for salutes ’

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In the b ack ground of the c ent re w e s e e th e clock t aw e r of the

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C abildo , the roof of Colon Theatre and the p orcela i n c u pol a of th e '
Cathedral ; w hile further to the left rise the t o w e rs of San Fra ncisc o and
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S anto Dom ingo and on e slight e m inence stands San Tel m o T he vie w is
,
.
b o unded by a l ow strip of coast edged w ith luxuriant vegetation i n the ,
m idst of w hich the Riachue l o strea m debouches into the P l ata .

( 76 I T INE RARY .
F R OM ,
Nsw Y ORK .
NE W Y OR K TO B U EN O S AYRE S
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1 '
1
The m ail stea m er l e ave sN e w i Yor k on the th of e ach m onth for th e

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Brazils c alling at St Thom as

,
Fro m Ne w Y ork to St Tho m as is about
. . .
m iles E nglish and the voyage usually takes six days

,
.
St T ho m as IS one of the Virgin Islands recently sold by Den m ark to th e

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,
I '
Un ited States an d situate th irty e ight m iles east of Porto Ri co Are a
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2 4 s qu ar e m iles ; pop ul ation 1 2 5 6 0 The s urface 1 8 elevate d and ro ugh

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h ighest in th e centre It w a s for m erly w ell w ooded ; b ut the c uttin g oi

'
t he ti mb er has subj e cted it to frequent an d severe drough ts The soil is .
s andy and not v ery fertile : about acres are un d er cul tivation th e ,
p rincip al crops being cotton and sugar St T hom as i s open to th e com

. . .
m e rce of all nations : it is a depot o f goods for the adj acent isl ands an d is ,
b eco m ing a n i m por t ant packet st a tion It i s vi sited by vessel s .
a nnu ally C apital Charlotte A m elie

. ,
.
F ro m St Tho m as s t o Par a (Brazil ) the distance i s nearly 1 8 0 0 miles .

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T h e to w n of Par a ; or Bele m i s situated on the r iver Gua m a w h ich fl o w s , ,
into the estuary of Par a about 7 0 m iles fro m the Atlanti c in lat , S ,an d ,
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long . W : populatio n . in cluding slaves Th e cli mate .
i s hot being al m ost under the equator but not unhealthy . The stree ts a re
, ,
w ell laid out and paved The houses are n ot generally high but they ar e
.
,
s ubstantially and oft en elegantly built The t o w u boasts a handso m e .
c athedral and severa l chur ches a go vernor s p alace a collegee schools ,

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ho spitals a botani c g arden a theatre and a l a w cour t The anchorag e is

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s a fe an d roo m y an d w ith the e x ce p t l on of t w o shoals at the entra nce of the

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r iver
,
is e asy of access The approac h to the t ow n isco m m ande d by a
.
s m all for t Th e prin cipa l exports consist of c ocoa i ndia ru bber ri ce ,

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nuts and hides

,
In 1 8 56 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 ll) of India r ubber w ere exported
,
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T he total v alue of exports d uring the year 1 8 58 59 w a s $ 1 9 50 0 48 of , , , ,
w hic h no less that 4 2 p e 1 cen t w a s shipp ed to the United States Th e . .
im ports fro m t h e Un ited States for the sam e ye ar w ere valued at $ 5 1 2 ,3 7 9 , .

’
a n d c onsisted of m anufact ured articles l um ber flour &c '

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, , ,
Cape San Ro que i s distant a thousand m iles fro m Par a After doubl in g .
this cape w e h ave y e t 2 0 0 m iles before rea ching Pernambuco and fro m
, ,
this l a st p ort the rest of the v oyage is the sa m e as the rout e fro m Engl a nd -
to Buenos A y res The t otal dist an ce from Ne w Y ork to R io J an e yro is

'
n early m iles At Rio the passengers w ai t for th e Fren ch or E n glish

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m ail ste am ers to proceed to t he River Plate

-
, but it is likely the Am eri ca n :
, ,
C o m pany w i l l soon estab l ish a bran ch line to Montev ideo -

.
C U ST O M S L AW .
Ex p orts by L a nd a nd Wa te r .
6 Horse and cow hides of e very kind m ule and sheep skins and skin s
.
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in general h ide c uttings je rke d and sa l ted m eat salt tongues ostric h
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fe athers b ones , bon e ash horns and h orn tips horse hair w ool w ashed
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or un w ashed ani m al oil grease a nd tallo w ra w or rendere d shall pay si

, x , ,
p e r cent a d va l ore m
. .
7 E very other article of prod uce or m anufacture , as also gold and si l ver
.
coined or in bu l lion shall be ad m itt ed duty free ,

-
.
f Ca l cul a tion o D utie s .
8 The d uties sh all be arranged by « Vistas » and calculated in i m porte d

.
a rticles on their value in de p osit and in exports on their m arket value a t ,

'
date of ship m ent ; al w ays e xce p ting such article s a s m a y be previously

classified and v a l ued 1 n the Valuation Tariff based on the sa m e pri n ciple , .
T he valuation o n w ashed w o ol sha l l b e no greater than w hat the ta1 1 ff ‘
st ipulates for un w ashed .
9 The Exec utiv e s hall x t he va l uat ion of the a rt ie l e s to b e included 1 n

.
fi v
sa id Tariff .
1 0 E xport duties sh all be p ai

. d a t t h e fi rst p ort of ship m ent bein g .
,
a rticles cleared direct for foreign parts ; a n

d cannot b e transported by
w ater fro m one point to ano the rof the Republi c w ithout having first pai
“ d
en th e usual sec urity F or s uch duties , ap p rdy e d bills ,
’
t he fdu
‘ ‘
n of th C us tom s a uth oriti s sha l l hé giv e n on s tampe d

'
’
to the
'
h ”e e ,
p p
a er,
a t ‘
foul mo nt s ! ‘
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“
Duti e s m ay b e paid at any of the Custo m h ouses of the Re public
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in a ny of t h e m ohe ys declared l e gal t e n de r by l a w of Oct 2 6 th

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in t h e p a p er m one y of Bue nos Ayres o r in Bolivian sil ver at its curren t

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v alue or in Provinci al Ba n k he rt ificat es for sp e cie deposits

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The op e r
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c p
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,
currenc y s h a l l onl y be re cei ved in the

‘
f pro p ortion of 3 p e 1 ce n t on the .
a m ount il pa ya bl e ; i and no vouche rs or

n
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’ '
do cu m e ts shall be re c e i ved in '
"
p y
a me nt ‘
of dutie s 1 i
.
,
12 Goods that have pa id im p e l t duties in any Cu stom hou se of the

.
-
Repub l ic m ay pass free througho u t its terri tory ; but land tr an sit is '
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forbidd e n to those that h a ve n ot paid duties exc ept in the ca se of goods

’
p a ssin
g
‘from ‘
Co ncor d ia through Federacion and Restauracion to the , ,
Bra z ili an or s on t he Uru gu ay or v ice ve rsa ; also excepting g oo ds in

'
p t
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t ransit f ro m Par aguay passing thro ugh F e de1 a cion or R estaura cio n , for
'
Br az il or th e Republic of Ur uguay .
su mp L aw .
17 9
13 This l aw shall h ol d fr m Ja n uary 1 st 1 8 6 9 t 0 D e ce

e mb er fi l st of
.
.
. P
year
,
sa m e .
Given at Congress i n Bu enos day of Sep te ber Ayres this 2 2 nd

,
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1 86 8
A N GEL E LIA S MA RIAN O
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Let the abo ve be fulfilled and registered 1
MITRE .
CRI ST O B AL A G UI RRE .
Ed N ofe .
—W e understand th at salt for th e saladeros h as been re c e ntly
de cl ared du ty free -
.
NA T I O NAL sr x n r no PAPER
l st . Ttie
sta m ped pa p e r to be used in al l publ ic depart ments
a nd
trib unals of th e nat ion sh a ll be as follo w s
A m oun t .
F or 9 0 D ay s .
0 1 1 11 1
5 90
D ay s
$
.
2 5 and under $ 1 0 0 $ 0
80 0 0 .
100 do 300 o 25 0 Of
.
300 do 50 0 0 50 o 0
.
50 0 do 80 0 .
'
0 75 0 0
80 0 do 1 0
. »
0 0
1 50 o 0
do , 2 0 0 0
do .
2 50 3 75
do 3 0 4
.
50
do
‘
.
3 50 4 75
do .
4 0
,
, e -
0
do 4
'
50 6
.
do 5 0
.
7 50
do .
5 50 7 75
do .
7 50 10 75
do
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.
.
10 0 15 0
do 12 50
.
18 75
do .
15
‘
0
‘ 22 0
do 20 0 30
.
0
"D o do
"
.
25
" 0 37 50
.
do 50 0
nd fro m
.
43 0
a
000 w
.
up ards the sta m p shall be 1 per m il extra unde r

n inety days .
or over
TA M P
‘
1 80 S L A
t
'
1 q I l
Al l obl igat m n s b
x '
1 p
5 11 0 ]
.
2
0
to na t 1 n a l sd1 ct 1 0 n shall be on stam pe d

0
1
.
I ” 1
p aper as above .
3 bet w een m aster s a nds ailorsof m erch a nt s h ips sha l l have a

C ont ra cts
'
sta m p of 1 2 cents .
4 Ea ch lea f of a p eti tion to the N ation al Go vernm ent Tr1 bun al s or

'
o fiice s and all cop ies of docu m ents pr oduced l n cou 1 t a sta m p of 2 5 cents
'
, , .
Guides per m its or po licie s for ship m ent o f goods and protoc ols by
, , ,
E s cribanos 2 5 cents Th e first lea f of one of t h e discharge m anifests o f

,
.
c oa sti n gcraft s un
’
de i 50 to ris a s w ell a s p e ihnits for loading or unloadin g , ,
2 5 cents Peti tions of soldiers for pay or pe nsions m a y be presented i n

.
c o m m on paper .
5 The dis charge m anifest of vessels ove r 50 5 41 under 1 0 0 ton s and

.
5 ,
per m its for loa ding a n d unloading 50 cents Copies of docu m ents from ,
.
t h e a rchives 50 cents ,
.
6 The discharge m anifest of vessels over 1 0 0 tons a n d perm i ts for :

'
.
,
loa ding or unloading 7 5 cents ,

.
7 Manifests of st e a i
. n pack e t s
$ 1 : ,
8 Navigation licen se for coa sti n g craft un der 5 0 tons

.
,
m anifests an d petition to loa d 81 unload for sea go

, i -
5 0 tons $ 2 5 ,
.
9 Coas ting craft ové r 5 0 tons sh a ll pay 83 fo r l ice n

. 11 d s ea goin g .
-
v essels th e sa m e for ea ch leaf of the m ani fe st of their c argo c l e a1 ed for
f0 1 e 1 n p 0 1 t s fl
.
10 Sea g oing vesse l s un der 50 and over 1 0 0 t o

.
- sh all p a y ga; for th ei r ns r
’
dischar ge m anifest an d for petitions to load 0 1 unload
‘
,
.
l l Vessels over 1 00 ton s shall pay $ 1 0 fo discharge

.
r m a nifest or for ,
petitions to lo a d or unl oad Pilots lice n ses $ 1 0 each

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I
1 2 C oncessions of land or of any priv ilege except for P t nts of
.
a e
I nvent io n shall pay $ 2 5 ’
,
.
13 Navigation license for Argentin e

.
s e a n
goi g ves els $
s 5 0 -
,
. 1
1 1 The sta m p shall be paid by th e p a i t v p 1 e s

’
.
e n t 1 n th e m
docu ent or fr
0 1 igina t ing th e p i oce e d in gs

p
.
15 The Judges 0 1 au
. t h o i it ie s m a y ad m it unsta m ed paper w ith t h e
,
obli ga tion on th e p a nti es to put on the proper sta p s afte a m 1 w : d s .
m en t in unsta p ed m paper
16 If any party .
m ake out or prese nt a doc u
m
he s hall p ay a fine o f ten t ii
n e s the proper a m o m
unt of sta p If the sta p .
b e of insuff c ient value h e shall pav t h e sa m e fine l ess the val ue of th e

i h
,
st a m p Not a 1 ie s or othe rs c oncerned in suc h

.
o m ission s al l pay ,
th e
sa m e fi ne .
MINISTRAT ION
'
l
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i l
1
’
182 PRE SIDENT MIT R E S AD
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O ct obe r 3 4 — Va rious provincia l d epa rt ment s m ade

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Oc tobe r 4 Con gre ss prolon g s it s session s

-
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O ctober 7 — General Mitre and D on Ma rcos Paz ele cted Pr e si dent a nd

V ice Presid ent
-
.
O ctober S—C ity of Buen osAyres m ad e t em porary capi tal

'
O c tober 1 3 — Dr R a w son Minister of Interior ; Dr El iz a l de F ore 1 gn

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, ,
A ffair s; D r i V elez Sarsfie l d F i na nce ; Dr Costa Instructi on G e n era l

. .
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°
Gelly O bes W ar and Marine

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O ctober 1 7 —P1 oj e ct to na v iga te th e Rio Ve rm e j o .
O ctober 1 8— Federal Court established z — Drs A l sina Carreras , C arril , .

,
Delgado Barros Paz os and Pico

,
O ctober 2 4—Appo int m ent of Consuls genera l ab1 oad

,
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°
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Nove m ber l — Co nsolidation of th e Paran a fl oatin g debt

Nove m ber 1 4—C ongr e ss closes s essions
.
Nove ber
m 1 9— De cree o n intervention of C onsuls in case of fore igne r s
'
'
d yin g int e state .
'
Nove m ber 2 9 E xtradi t ion o f a Bra zil ian subj e ct refu sed
-
.
D e c em ber 3 1 Ofiice rs of 1the Inde p endenc e p l a ced on the a

-
r my roll
. 1 86 3
January 1 5— E a ch
of th e Provin ces except Buenos Ayres to re ceive a , ,
subsidy of per annu m .
Januar y 2 4—Arra nge m e nt of extra du ties w ith M aua & Co ; -

‘
January 3 l — Co m m ittee na m ed to exa m i ne coupons of foreign debt .
1 —
February 8 Mr Blis s sent to explo re th e Chaco . .
March 1 4—National college of Buenos Ayres establish ed .
March 1 9+ Cont ia ct w ith Wheel w ri gh t for Cordoba Ba il w ay

‘ ‘
‘
‘
April 7 —Distrib ution o f funds for M e ndoz a sufferers .
M ay 5—Congress re opens -
.
May 1 8 — Ba l ca 1 ce na m ed envo y to Fran ce Engla n d , Spai n, and Italy

May 2 3 —W hee l w righ t s c oncession rati fied
.
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J ul y 2 0 —Hopkin s proj ect for canalising t h e Capit an

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Augiist 2 6 —
.
A m ortiz ation of Corrie ntes paper m oney

’
Septe m ber 7 — E xe cutive au thorised to s p en d £ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 Sterlin g in

building a n e w Custo m h ouse
—
- 1
.
Se p tember l o De ci m al syste m adopt ed .
O ctober 1 0 —Congress se ssions prolonged .
O ctober 1 6 t elegraph wires to an d to introd uce

°
ngin es;
‘
t ra ct ion e l
°
1 . : 1 ° 1
O ctober 1 7 —Boa ds and Br idges St Ock a uthor ised

PRE SIDEN T M IT RE AD M INI ST R A T I O N
'
’ I
( i l l l xi i h Ifl J J I . 1 . l
’
s . 1 83
O ctober QO—E xpe nse s ai d p

1 W 1 11
Nove m ber 6 — Treaty w ith

~
— of e xpe n s rred i t he c amp aign

d
f se s in u
'
N ove m ber l 3 Pa y n1 e nt
l .
a gainst Rosas .
Nove m ber 1 edit Oll ice es t ablished .
Nove m befr 1 ss s ession closed

°
.
De c emb er 7 se nt en voy t oBraz il .
January QI—Sourde au x s no nt ract for Artesian w ells

’
.
Febru ary 2 9— Dr Gonsalez succeeds Dr sarsfi e l d as F inan ce M inister

. . .
May IQ—C on g res s r e op e ns -

.
June 1 0 —
, Protocol ratified t opay Brazil $ 7 1 4
June 1 5— Ex ecuti ve a uthorised to subs cribe £ 40 0 0 0 to Cordoba Bail w ay
J une QO—Rosario I m m igration C o mmittee establi sh ed
.
,
J uly 2 9— Contract for navigating the Uppe r Uruguay .
Septe m ber 5— Privil eg e t o Mr Perkins for paper m ill and po w de r .
f a ctory
i
.
Septe ber
m Q i— Proj ect of telegraph fr om Bu enos A yre s to Monte v deo .
O ctob er l —V ote of $ 5 0 0 0 for intr oduction of useful se e ds .
O ctob er 3 —Boad proj ected through the Gran Ch aco .
O ctober 8 —E m ission of $ 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 n Bonds to am ortis e e m iss ions of

1
1 8 59 and 1 8 6 1 .
O ctober l l — Pat e nt O ffice established .
O ctober l l Con ccssion of Eastern Arg entine Rail w ay

fi
1
.
Dece m ber 9— National Col l eges e stablished 1 n

San Juan , an d Mendoz a "
.
“
l I
‘
1 1 .
January gé Const ruct ion of refuge h u ts 111 the Andes

—
.
J anuary 2 7 Harrison Ma n il a 5 contract fo

’
r si x lines of ste am ers
sl
F ebruar y 8 —Vote o f $ 3 0 0 to b uy usef ul books J 1 1) ,
1Mar ch 1 8 —1 nt e rve nt ion l n Cordoba ; 111 4 15115 0 11 se n t as com mi ss ioner .
April 1 6— W a r break s o ut w i th Par a g uay Be p ubl ic 1 n stat e o f si e ge “

April 1 7 — Paraguayan p orts de clared in bl ockade 1) .
,
A pril 1 8— Parag u ayan properties c onfis cated i a n d S6 5 0 }; Egusqniz a ’

,
'
H “
a rr ested 4
1 79 1 ; 11 , ,
-
1
ess re opens -
.
s declared a n article of w ar .
May 9 — Declaration of w a r aga inst P arag uay .

18 4 P RE SID E NT MI T RE ’
s AD MINIS I B AT ION
‘
.
. W ' ti
y A lli a nc e wi
of th Br a z il a n
dM ont e vu e o r a ti fied
l .
1 1
1 6
‘
0 1
3 1 0 0 0 10 v oted
J une 2 —Th r ee d ay s m ournihg for death of L i ncoln .
2 1 H
ot e t or aise a n ariny of 2 8
’ '
5
5— R iestr a sent to L on don t o n e goti at e loan
‘
l l l
J un e
.
6 — S upple m ent a l v ote of $ 8 for w are xp ens e s

‘
J une
” ,
10 — Gener a l Mitr e t a kes the fiel d an d Vic e Pre sul e nt Paz a s sum e s
'
J une -
po w e r .
July 7 —Hopkins concession prol onged ’

.
—
J uly l o Ba m s con cession prolong ed three y e a rs
’
.
Au gust 1 6 — E xtr a dition Tre at y W it h Ba nd a Orient a l

’
A u gust 1 8— Vot e of $ 2 0 0 0 0 fol st e am c omm unic ati on tyith Ne w Y ork
“
A ugust 1 9—Med als t o t he oflicers a nd m e n w h o fouW ht at Gom ie nt e s
,
z l
A ugust 23— Co m m itte e n a m ed to sen d a rt icles to Pa ris E xhib ition

A ugust 2 8 sub sidy for d1 st 1 e sse d C0 1 re ntm o
S ept e m ber 2 2 —E xtr a dition Tre a t y w ith Bolivi a . .
O ct ober 2 expenses o£Pa r is

O cto b er 7 — '
Vot e o th e G u a leg u a y R a il w a y .
Oct be r 1 2T Tre at y f a m ty an d co m m erc e w ith Bolivi a

o .
p i :
.
1 86 6 .
u 2 3 — T orrent sent e n z
’
J an ry t o Br a il
‘
a voy .
M ay 1 2 —
Subsidy of $ 4 0 0 0 t o R ioj a
J un e 1 5—Co m m is sioner sent to report on W elsh C olon y
.
,
J une 2 2 —T ucu m an p a per m on e y re de e m e d

‘
"
.
J une 2 8 — T re a ty W ith Portug a l Of 1 8 52 denounced

’
J uly 7 —S e izu re of hors es an d m ules
J uly IO—Subvention of $ 4 0 0 0 a m onth to San L uis

.
.
,
S epte m ber 1 — E xtr a w ar credit of $ 4 m Tre a sury notes .
S epte m ber 2 4—Te l egra ph p roj ec t fr om Buenos yr es to Chile

‘ ,
A .
S ept e m b er 2 8—V ot é of a m ed a l to a l l o fficersa nd sol die 1 s m Pa ra g u ay .
O ctobe r 2 e sent
debts of a ssui
n e d by
'
P 1 3 1 1 1 l lr
O ctob er
Oct ober
4—
8
‘
N e w credit for w a expenses I nt erven tion in C a t am a r
r
E nglish deb t of Buenos Ayres a ssuine d by th e n ation

1 ”
ca .
' “ .
.
” a
O ctob er 2 0 Con struct ion of a bridge over th e R io T er ce o

r "
-
.
O ct o
d iction
ber 2
.
"
j 11 ris
:
1 86 PRE SIDE N T M I T RE ’
S AD M I N I ST RA T I O N .
a
J n ua r y 2 3 — Funeral honors to General Asboth United States Minist er
Januar y 2 5—
,
] Re sign a t ion of Minis ters Ugarte , Uribur u ; :R a w son a n d

, , u ,
, ,
Gonzalez Ap point m ent of Sar m ient o (w h o refuse s ) E liz alde Costa

.
,
:
, , .
,
Agu irre an d Paune ro as the n e w C abinet

, , .
Januar y 3 0 — Fun er al honors t o Vi ce Pre side nt Paz -

.
’
a s inter vent ion in Santa F e .
Februar y 1 9— E le ctions orde I ed for n e w Pr es iden t a nd VIce

,
F ebruar y 2 0 — State of Siege thr ou ghout the R epublic susp ended .
M arch 4 — Surnof $ 1 50 0 se nt t o cholera sufferers In Cata marca .
Ma r ch 1 0 — Sub sidy of $ 1 5 0 0 0 0 distrib ute d a m on g the thi rteen upp e r

,
Provin ces .
M arch 2 8 — Continued subsidy t oWelsh colony .
Apr li 2 — Su m of $ 1 5 0 0 s en t to ch oler a suffer ers in Sa n J uan .
Ma y l S— Congress re opens .
June 3 — Congress revokes t h e stat e of siege .
Jun e 1 3 — Congress call s for protocol of Tr iple Allian c e treat y .
—
June 1 8 Interventio nby G eneral E m ilio Mitr e InCorri e ntes '
.
August 4— General Ca cer e s su m m oned to a Co u ncil of War

‘
August 1 6 —D Do m ingo Sar m iento de clared Pre side nt an d D A dolfo

.
,
.
Alsina Vice Presid ent of th e R ep ublic

-
.
A gust
u 2 4 — Arra nge m ent ab out Sp ani sh cl ai m s .
August 28 4 —Italian treat y of 1 8 56 prolong ed for a y ear .
Septe m ber 7 — Con gress offers a p re inium for best sy s t em of curing b ee f ‘

.
Se p te m b er t S— Prop ose d l a w t o re m ove the capital to Ros ario —vet e d

'
'
o .
Se te m b er 2 3 — Treat y w ith Belgi u m for navi gation of the Scheld

p
—
.
Sept embe r 2 3 Vote of to Dr Tej ed or forhis Pen al Code i ‘ '
Septe m ber 2 6 —Vo t e of

. .
In bonds to p a y Spanis h cl a ini

'
Septe mb er 26 —Anot her v ote of

,
$ i 4
‘
3 0 00 0 for other Sp a nis h clai m s ’

.
Septe m ber 3 0 —
, ,
Census of t h e Republi c ord e r ed .
Oct obe I 2 —Eip 0 rt d ut y t aken eff copp er

‘ ' '
O ctober 8 —
.
Vote of $ 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 for the w a r

'
I
. .
,
“
—
O ctober IO Cession of a n island at Cape Horn t o Mr Pie dra buéxia w
.
‘
.
——
O ctobe 1 0 Salaries of President Vi c eP resi dent ;
r L a IId ivfi nist e rs
‘
increa sed "

- -
,
i i I
O ctober IOJ —SIIbSCript i

.
on of $ 2 5 0 0 0 to MI i Hopki n
"
s proj e ct o f the
'
' ’ ' '
“
,
C apitan é h 'h i W ”!
'
‘
u t n I I
.
O ct ober IO Natio nal Guard of Co rri entescalle d but

‘ '
‘ ‘ '
L - '
.
O ctober IO—Vote of to Mar tin de Mouss y

1 2 —Gen e r al Mitre tr n fers the insigni a of o tl ic a to the
.
O ctob er as
.
I I e sident ,
’
D Dom ingo Faus tino Sar m ie n
. to .
G O V ERNME N T AND éoa c n nss .
187
m i
; N AT I O NAL G O VER M E T N N .
President — D o n Do m ingo Fa ustino Sarm iento .
Vic e Pre side nt D r A dolf o Als in a

- fi
. .
Min iste r of In te rior—Dr Velez Sarsfiel d

—
. .
M inister of Foreign A ffair s Dr Mariano Varela . .
Minister f o F in a n ce —Dr Benj a m in G orostia ga .
Minister of Instruction —D r Nicolas Ave l laneda .
Minister of War and Mar ine —Colonel M arti nG ainz a

.
Congre ss .
Cha m ber Senators

'
of .
President—Dr Adolfo A lsina . .
B uenos A y res — Dr Valentin e Alsina Do n F elix Frias

.
,
.
E ntre Rios —Dr Benj a m in Vi ctorica Do n A nj el Elias

.
,
.
Corrientes — Dr J R V idal Don W Colodrero . . .

,
. .
Santa F é —Dr Joaquin Granel Don Nicasio O ro no

.
,
.
Cordoba —Don José A Sa n R o m an D o n Martin Pi nero .
Santiago—Don Absalon Ibarra D o n J F Borj e s

.
,
’
. . .
,
T ucu m an— Don Ul a disl a o Fria s Don Salustiano Zav ali a ,

.
Salta D r Pedro Uriburu Do n Ansel m o Roj o

-
.
,
.
Juj ny —Don Pl acido S B usta m ante Dr Dan iel Ar a oz .

,
. .
Cata m arca— Dr Anj el Navarro Don José L L obo

.
,
.- .
R ioj a—Don G uillerm o D av ila Dr Abel Bazan ,

. .
Sa n J nan—Don Ta deo Roj o ‘ (O ne va ca nt ) .

I .
Mendoza —Don E usebio Blanco Don Feder ico Corbalan

'
.
,
Sa n L uis —Don Mauricio Darac Don J uan Llerena I ,

.
I
Cham ber o f De put ie s .
B uenos A y res— Dr Mariano Acosta D r C arlos Teje dor , Dr M

'
. anue l ,
.
‘
’
.
Quintan a Dr Man uel A Montes de O ca Dr Pa stor O bli gado Dr C arlo s

“
.
,
. .
,
.
,
Keen Dr Manuel Arauz Don Mateo Martinez Don J ose Mar m ol , G eneral
,
.
, ,
Conesa (Tw o vacant)

. .
Sa nta Fé — Dr Marcelin o F I a re Don Pe dI o La saga

Santia go—
.
Do n Pedro G allo Don L uis F I ias ,Don A m a nci o Gonsale z , ,
D urand Don L ucia noGorostiaga

Sa n L uis —D on Ju an A Barbeito D on Jose V
, .
eloz Rua
T ucu an Dr Anj e l C Padilla D onAnj el M
.
.
,
m — . e ndez D on IN abor C ardoba

. .
, ,
Mend oz a— Don Fra ncis co Civit , D onAristide s Villanueva

‘
‘
.
18 S F EDERA L C O UR T S .
Sa nJuan D I Am a Cuen ca Don Isid ro Quii oga

-
—
.
,
E ntr e Rios Dr E usebi o O ca m pos Dr Vi cente A Monte ro

.
,
. . .
J uj uj Dr Pabl o Ca I ril l Q Don Ba fiuo Vall e

-
.
, .
C ata m ar ca— Dr Adolfo C a uo D on José del Pino D on Vi ctor ian o Tolo sa

.
, ,
.
.
C ordo ba —Dr L uis Velez Dr Benj a m in Igarz abal D r uNicé fdro Ca st ella no
.
,
.
,
‘
D on Santiago Cace i es Don Augusto L op ez D on Mar cel ino Ga cit ua

, ,
.
S alta — Dr Joa quin Diaz de Be do y a Dr Cleto Aguirre Dr F raricascoJ

. . . .
, ,
O rtiz .
‘ I I
—
Rioj a Tw o deputie s J No el e cti on s -
Corrientes — Fo ur deputies No ele ction . .
Sup re m e F e de ra l Court .
D r Fran cisc o de las Carreras President Dr Salvador NI del Carril

.
, ,
. .
,
D I F I a ucisco D elga do Dr J ose Barros Paz os Dr Benito Carrasco

'
.
, ,
.
Pro curator Ge n e I a l Dr Fra n cisco Pico

-
,
. .
F ede ra l Se c
tiona l J uz fge s
B uenos A y res — Dr M anuel Z a va l e t a , .

.
D r I Ca rl os
.
Entre Rios — Dr L eonidas E ch a g ue . .
—
C orrientes Dr Jose M Gua st a vin o .
’
. .
S anta F é — Dr J osé M Z uviri a . . .
C ordoba —Dr Saturnino L aspi ur . .
S antiago —Dr Pr ospero G arci a

'
. .
T ucu m a n Dr Ag usti n de la Ve ga :
-
.
Salta —Dr Apol onio O r m aeche a I
"
. .
—
C ata m a rca Dr Joaquin Q uiroga . .
Juj u y—Dr Mace doni o Gras .

’
R ioj a—Dr Arte m io Granillo

. .
Sa n Juan—D r José R de l aVeg a . . .
—
Mendoz a D r Franklin Villanueva
u
.
—
.
,
S n
a L u is Dr Pablo Saravi a . .
"H
Hie ra rchy .
" His Grac e

Most R ev .
Dr Maria no José de E scalad a AI cl Ibisbop of Bu eno s
.
Dr Vi cente R Arellano ; Bish op of Cordo ba

. . .
,
Mos t R ev . Fray W enc eslao Achaval Bishop of Cu yo ,

.
Mo st R ev . Fra y B Riz o Patro n Bisho p of Salt a

.
,
.
Mo st R e v . Dr Jose Mari a G elabert Bish op of Pa ran a

.
'
,
.
1 90 N A T I O NAL B UDG E T .
t ‘ I i I’
F ina nce D ep a rtm e nt .
’
M inister s b ureau ,
’
Treasury and Com p t rol l e r s ofiice ,
”
Custo m house
-
,
Sta m p office,
F isc al buildin gs ,
Pens ions ,
National Cr e dit ;
Misc ellaneous ,
and Ma r ine .
Minister s burp a u,
’
’
Inspe ctor s
Staff oflice rs ,
Artiller y ,
Infantr y ,
C avalry ,
National G ua I ds ,
Marine ,
Ar m y a d m i nistration ,
Pensions ,
Inde p e nden ce h eroe s ,
India n subsidie s ,
Rations fOI the N av y ,
E xtras a n d a n ea rs of p a y
‘
1
,
w : imil
Miscellaneous 1
.
'
II
‘
l
Publ ic c . 8
E m ission of J a n ;1 8 6 2
. .
,
9 per cent interest .

,
A m ortisation of sam e 3 per cent , ,

.
,
E m ission o f: June 1 8 6 1 »
,
6 per cents .
,
A m ortisatio n at 1 p m c ent
E m issio n of : Ma y 1 8 5 9 $ 8 00 0 0 0
.
,
. , , ,
6 per ce n ts
A m ortisation at 1 per
Brazilian debt O ctob er 1 8 6 8 ,
-
,
Coupons on F oreign Debt ,
English coupons , a fter dfl l C .

’
“Y
LA S AN D M EA NS .
191
E m ission O f O ct 1 8 6 0 000 .
,
6 p er c ents .
,
A m ort isa tion at 2 3; per cent .

,
E m issio ns of Nov £1 8 6 3 and O ct 1 86 4

’
. .
a t 6 p er c ent
’
.
,
( Am ort i sa t iou at
' E m iss io n of O ct : 1 8 6 7 =
at .
,
l6 p e r cent
. .
,
A m ortisation at 1 per cent ,
E m issions Of Se t and O c t 1 86 8
p
.
,
3 2 5 0 0 ,
6 per cent .
,
A m ort isatio n at 1 per cent .

,
E n gl ish loan of 5
”per
cents .
,
A mort isation ,
D efer r ed 3 per cents .
A m o rtisation at is per cen t .
w i
E n gl ish loan Of 1 8 6 6 0 00 ,
6 per cents .
III 0 3 8
Total expenditure; i
‘ "
i ‘
Hf
M EA
. I
W AY S AN D NS
‘
I m ports esti m ate for 1 8 69

, ,
E xpo rts ,
Bonded store s ” ,
Sta m p ed paper ,
Post oilice -
,
Patents of i nvention ,
Po rt fee s ,
Miscellaneous
E sti m ated surplus ,
C O M PARA T I VE T A B L E ‘
OF ne v n .
Reve nue for 1 864 ,
DO .
, 1 86 5 ,
Do 1 8 66 ,
E xtra d uties for

R eve nue for 1 86 7
Extra duties for
,
3
1 92 T A B LE or T IM E .
“
i:
‘
I
I N9 . . U .
I 1
P O ST O FF I C E
-
R E T URNS “ . an I
;
'
Ifé tte rs
'
I .
1 86 6 ,
1 867 , I1 , 4 4 9 , 6 50 ;
I
.
I
.
I I I
I1 0 9 , 1 56
There ar e 1 4 7 Post ofiice s in t h e Re p ubl ic Iy iz : iSa n L uis ?2 Sa n Ju an
I-
,
.
, ,
2 ; Juj u y 3 ; Salta 3 ; Tu c um an 3 ; M endoza 3 Rioja 3 ; San tiago 4 ; ‘

‘
-‘ 4
, , , , , ,
Santa Fé 4 ; Cordoba 4 ; Cata m arca , 5 Entre B ios , 1 2 ; Corrie nt e s 1 5

,
‘
n
,
“
,
a n d Buenos A y res 8 4 I I
‘ '
I I
‘
“
o
.
"
Q
1
ii
a r li
ivi Bi
m I ; '
i . .
MPARAT n I or 1 1 91 3
3
'
c .
t
‘
l I u N 1 lf ,
I
When it is noon at Buenos A )res it is at —

i ‘
H"
d l a o f ME . I
Mi
.
ut e s S econ ds
n"
o urs . .
“ H '
p i
'
Montev ideo ,
12 8 4S m .
u' ”
Bio J a n e y ro , 12 42 57
" f
9
‘ '
Bahia ,
1 32
”
H
"
Perna m b uc o , j 1 34
l
1
i
,
5 0 AfM
‘
V alparaiso ,
h
l 7
( t
Ne w Y ork 58 35
‘
POI t 3‘
0 1
3 ,3 D 10
I”
15
Cape de Verd Islan ds
.
,
2 43 32 P . M .
3
"
,
St Helena
.
,
30 44
“
M ader a , a 45 tr im
L ondo n, 3 53 .
13
W”
P ar is 4 2
‘
67
"
I
,
St P etersb urg
.
,
5 54 50
4 47
“
’
"
Vie n ri
1
a,
‘
4 59 6 '
"
Const a ntinople 5
’
29
"4 6
né
W
IIoI ,
. 4 43 25
Venic e ,
4 42 57
Ma drid ,
3 36 53
Cal cutta ,
I I
. In
Canton ,
J er usale m ,
Pe liin ,
Ne w Caledonia ,
Cape o f Good Hope ,
Cairo ,
Su e z ,
2 TH E C I T Y or B UE N O S AYRE S .
besides so m e ch apels of ease an d four Protestant churches Th ere a re ,

.
t w o city hosp itals supported by the Munic ip al it y a n d fou r of foreigners ,

*
b elon ging to the E nglish Fren ch Italian and Irish mo m m nnit ie s ,

The ,
.
,
.
t heatres are th ree in nu m ber b eside s a handso m e Conc ert hall Th e , .
C usto m house o ffi ces are large bnt a part of this e di fi ce i s n ow used a s the
- ‘
,
National Govern m ent house Th e Provin c ial Gov e i n m e nt h ouse IS close t o

‘
t he Uni versity to w hi ch latter are attach ed the Museu m a nd State Libra r y

, .
.
F ive m arkets for the dail y s uppl y of th e cit y w ith provisions are placed a t
, ,
c onven ient distan ces and the Plaz as 1 1 t h Septe m ber and Constitucion are ,
t h e great w ool m arkets for th e North and S outh districts of the ca m p

'
-
.
The t w o killing groun ds or « abattoirs » are situated in the extre m e

-
o utskirt s of t he Recoleta and Convalec encia : th e for m er localit y is

r e m arkable for the cit y ce m eter y and t h e latter for the n e w a n d
. , ,
c o m m od io us L unatic Asy lum The Protestant or E nglish burial ground is

'
-
.
s ituate in Call e Victoria Hotel a cco m m odation is c heap and good th er e

.
,
b eing three superior and five second rate ho uses in w hi ch the charg e
,
-
, ,
v aries fro m five to ten shi l lings p e r diem

-
The stranger finds hi m self at .
o nce at hom e in Buenos A y res as h e can pro cure entr ee by a v isitor s ,

’
t icket to all the cl ub s and societies in the cit y As y e t w e h ave no publi c -

.
p ark b ut there is a proj ect to t urn P aler m o , th e late r esiden c e o f Rosas

, ,
into a spe cies of Cha m ps E l y se es The n um ber of E nglish h o uses is large

’
.
,
a n d th e m erchants const itute the m ost r esp e ctab l e clas s in th e societ y of

'
,
.
'
the cit y ; E n glish fa m ilies (i nclud i ng A m eri cans ) are about in

"
n u m b er Th eic are five r e s ident E n gl ish ph y sici ans and ten or t w elve ’
“
.
, _
good English sch ools The polic e depart m en t is i mperfe ct ther e being
. .
,
o nly s om e 2 0 0 vigilantes fo r the total cit y s ervic e Th ere is a barr ack In .
the Plaza Be t iI o the gar rison be in gusual l y about 6 0 0 m e n The a rtiller y

,
.
m agazi n e in P l aza Parque c onta ins so m e histori c pieces of large calibre :

'
T h e Nat ional Gua rds are drilled on Sunda y s during a fe w m onths in t h e

'
I
o d
'
y e ar. M ost f reign nations are represente d b y a Minis t er a n a Consul ,
a s vessels o f all flags and peopl e at al m os t e ver y coun tr y , are found In

,
th is p ort T he British L egation is in Call e Parque : at the Cons ulate! 1 2 1

.
'
,
' '
C alle May o is the E ngli sh po st o th ee T he Fren ch Cons ulate serve s for a

'I -
.
t
p ost office t o t he B ordeaux m onthl y st e a m er

'
The F e i e ign Club in Calle San Martin is th e usua l re nde z vous cf

' ‘
I
tors w ho m erel y r equi re t oh av e their n

, ,
a me p ut do w n by on e of t h e
'
‘
v is i
.
m e m bers The native Club sa re fashio nable a nd brilliant , but m ostl y used
’
for bal ls
‘
foreig n visito rs can ea sily procur e invitations ‘
Th e Cathedr al Is one o f t he finest buil d ings in th e c ontinen t, and th e

l
I
c h ur ch ser vi ces o n gre at holid ay s are sol e m nize d w i th beco m in g splendo r .

TH E 4 3m m or ; BU EN OS ! u ne
t
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conv nts f fri d of ( a t ive ) i clo tere d innu s

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The re Ia re t w o : e o a rs an : t w o n . s '
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hich h s ppr ss ion f Li i o d ers ft t h Indepe den c e

p di e t n
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u o u s a e r e
w e sc-
a e e o r e g r _ .
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Th F e re n ch Sisters z o f Chari t y h av e nu m erous ins t it utes a n d sch oo l s an d ,
the Iris h Sist e r s of Mercy have a school and h os p ital ,

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Th e N a t i
o n a l an d P r ovincial G overn m ents bo t h r e sid e i n the cit y and , ,
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a ct in perfe ct h ar m on y The Municipalit y ” co m po sed of a dozen lead ing

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rgentines and or ign residents h as it s T h a l l at the Pe l icia

A f e o w n e .
,
The Bolsa 0 1 E xchange is in Cal le Sa n Martin and here the visitor w ill ,
m eet all the business m e n of the cit y native a n d forei gn T he Co m m ercial ,

.
Bo o m s next d oor t o the Ca p itania s uppl y the latest shipping intell igen ce
. , ,
a nd p osse ss fi rst rate telescope s a nd a r ea ding 1 0 0 m

- The C a s a de Mone da .
I
an
o r B k of the - P o
r v n i c e is t h e headquarters of our ,paper m one y Th e -
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Ma nn Bank w a s the first priva te b a n k in the cit y established in 1 8 58

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The London and Rive r Plate Bank established in 1 86 3 do es a larg e , ,
a nd r e m une rat ive busines s

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The Argentine Ba nk is of re cent da te

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Th e Ar geInt ine General Post c ilice Calle Bolivar is directe d by D on
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Ge rva sio Posa da s a

The chief C ourts o f L aw are i n th e Cabildo Pla z a
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Vi ctoria in the to w er of w hich is th e n e w to w n clock Th e Congress hal l ,

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Open fro m May to No ve m ber is in Plaz a Ma y o beside the Cu sto m ho use , ,

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E ach pa rish has a Justice of Peac e and m ale a nd fe m ale public s choo ls ,
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T he inhabitants are gene i ally w ell ed uca te d There are ten daily p a p e I s
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si x Spanish, o ne Eng lish one French one Ge rm a n and one I t alia n

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Fore ig ne r s enj oy the ful l e st i m m unities but ha ve of course no re p re se n

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ta t ion or voice in t h e Legislat ure

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T here a re fe w citi es tha t h a ve m ad e sUch pr o re ss as B u e no s Ay res i n

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the la st te n y ears In 1 8 59 w e ha d six m iles of rail w ay ; at pre se nt w e

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ha ve 2 0 0 m iles on t he Northern Southern Western and Ensenada l ines

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In 1 8 5 9 t he re w a s b ut one lin e Of ocean stea m e rs

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n ow t he re a re se ve n
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lines fro m E nglan d F rance Belgiu m Italy an d the Uni ted Sta te s
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In 1 1 8 5 9 ,
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there w ere but t w o Ba n ks at presen t there are four In 1 8 5 9 the .

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n e w spaper circ ulation w a s dail y ; it n o w a m ounts to In

1 8 59 the population w as j us t half th e presen t esti m ate In 1 8 59 .
there w as n ot a single Engl ish joint stock co m pan y n or an insuran ce office -

, ,
in the countr y ; to day it w o uld be dillicul t to n u m ber the m

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In 1 8 59 the .
n u m ber of i m m i grants w as at prese nt the return s she w per

a nnu m In 1 8 59 the busi ness of the Post c flice co m prised
. letters -
an d papers ; at present it is nearl y In 1 8 5 9 th e Custo m s

re venues w ere abo ut n ow they exceed sterling .
The sa m e increase is observable in e ver y branch of ind ustr y or enterprise .
Tram w ay s are about to be established throughout the cit y and suburbs ,

02
4 TH E “
C I TY or s una o s
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AYRE S '
the follo w i ng line sbeing e ithe r p ioj e ct e d or in course : of constructio n

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1 Fro m the Cust om hous e along Calle Rivada via to the Plaz a O n ce de
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Se t ie m lire ; 2 Fro m Plaz a Parque to Plaz a M onserrat 3 Fro m the P la z a
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Constitucion ter m inus to th e Pla z a 2 5 de Ma y o 4 Fro m Plaz a Libe rtad t o .
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Plaz a Vi ctoria ; 5 Fro m fth e ' Cinco E squin as to th e villa ge of Belgrano
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O n the first first four lines the unifor m charge w ould b e $ 1 t he p roprietors ,
pa y ing the muuicipa l it y 2 0 p er cent of the :gross re ceipts for use of

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the stree ts .
T he s uburbs of Bel grano ,Sa n Fer nando Flores and Barra cas a re prett y ; ,
and st udded w ith char m ing co u ntry seats The W e st e rII Ba il w a y is o pe n .

‘
( 10 0 m iles ) to C hi vilco y the Northern (2 0 m iles )to th e ,

Tigre the Great ,
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So u thern (7 5 m iles ) to C hasco m us and the E nsen ada line (3 m ile s ) t o ,
Barracas Pleasant boa ting e xcursions m a y be m ade to L as Conchas the

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islands of Ca ra p a ch a y a nd the delta of the Paran a ,

There is al m ost dail y .
stea m co m m unication w ith the river ports and diligences p l y to the various
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ca m p to w ns The m ortalit y of the city i s thirteen dail y or t w ent y fo ur per

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m il per annu m I m m ig ration . m onthly Municipal ,

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per annu m .
Buenos A y res is the grand cen tre of co m m unication bet w e en’this part
of South A m eri ca and E urope The traveller m a y here book hi m s e lf for .
an of the river ports in the Paran a or U ruguay or foI th e u pp er pro vince s

y ,
o f the Interior or for the m ore distant republics of Par a gua y Bolivia or
, , ,
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Chile He m a y e ven take a stea m boat trip

. m iles up th e river i nto ,
the interior of Brazil passin g Asuncion Or if a n x ious t o vis it the Ind ian
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tribes of Patagonia h e w il l find m onthl y stea m boat co m m unication with

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Bahia Blanca a n d Rio Negro As a pla ce of — residen ce for the v isito r or

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inva l id n o cit y in this h e m is p here h a s superior attractions Th e cli m at e

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is health y an d there ar e a var iet y of p ubli c a m use m ents fashion ab l e a nd

, ,
enlightened societ y a health y at m osphere of progre ss ; a nd an al m ost

,
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w e ekl y m ail fro m E urope ;

6 a s» t r uss ?I
F urnished a part m ents , w ithout board m ay b e obtained at the Universelle , ,
1 0 2 Calle Sa n Martin ; th e Ancl a Dorada 7 6 Calle Cangall o ; the Maison ,
m eublée No 2 Calle May o ; Mrs Whittaker s 7 7 Calle May o ; Mrs

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Su m m er 5 8 2 Calle Parque ; Mrs Stafford s 1 9 0 Calle San Martin ; Mr

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L e w is 1 46 Florida and other respectabl e English houses all of w hi ch ar e

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kept w ith the ut m ost neatness The charges usual are —bed room an d .
-
p arlor $ 8 0 0 to to a m onth ; bed room w ith atten dan ce -

, ,
$ 3 0 0 to $ 7 0 0 a m onth Unfu rnished roo.m s m a

y b e pro cured at $ 2 0 0 t o
$ 5 0 0 a m on t h and y ou n g m e n so m eti m es prefer t aking l o dgings w ith a

,
n ative fa m ily in order the qu icker to learn Spanish If the stranger w ish
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to take a house he w ill find it di ffic ult to get one in a hurr y but m ust
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patientl y a dvertise an d w ait . The best localitie s are the Plaza Retiro ,
Drabble Row Plaz a Parque W hit fie l d s quintas and L u dl a m s t e rra c e
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(Calle Defensa) r e n t,fro m to a m ont h .
C LU B S .
The F ore ign Club; NO : 3 6 Calle Sa n Martin ; We s e st abl ishé d i n 1 8 4 1 , it s ' ’

‘
fi I st Pre sident ha ving be e n t h e h e ad of th e w e l l kn o w n fi rm of Tho m a s

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Buguid Co : it w a s then situate on the site be fore o ccupied by F a nn ch s

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hotel , an d w hich Is n ow the E n glish book st ore of M e ssr s Mack e rn Th e . .
nt ne w b uilding i s elegant an d c o m m odio us Th e re ading+room is

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p P e Se »
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p robabl y the best III So uth Am erica ; ther e IS a good billi ard roo m and the -
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coffee room and c uisine are in En glish St y le w i th reas onable cha rg es

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th e other ap art m ent s are to m a t ch t he onl y dr a wback bei ng that the ,

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Pre m ise s are sm all and c om m and no vie w fm m th e fron t

f , The sl a te z in t h e . . {
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hall conta ins the latest m ariti m e i ntelligence and the saloons a ire crow de d a t , ‘
e v e r y hour in th e da y w ith t he m er chants of the ci ty Th e origin al

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i
num ber of subscribe rs w a s

r
but is ne w 2 7 4 Entran ce fee $ 2 0 0 0 ; .
, ,
su bs cription for t ow n residents $ 7 0 for coun t r I re sidents $ 3 5 per m onth : ,
Foreign m inisters consuls , officers a nd clerg y m en ar e z ad m itte d a s

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honorar y m e m b ers Visitors tic kets a vail abl e gratis for thr e e m onths
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m a y be procured b applic ation t o a n fi of the m e m bers ; su ch tick e t s m a

y y y
b e p rol onge d four m onths m ore by pay ing the m onthl y subscrip t ion Q , .
I
The Cl ub de l P rogre so w a s founded Ma y l st 1 8 52 by Messrs Di e g o , ,

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Al ve a n Bu fino ,El iz a l de Ger vasio A Posadas and Juan Mart in E strada
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Foreign ers w e re ad m itted as m e m be rs *an d a spirit of social h arm ouy bega n ,

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to be cul t ivat e dna ft e r the long t y rann y of R osas The by e la w s speciall y

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p rov ided for balls at sta ted periods w h ip h soon be cam e t he m ost brillian t
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« re un ions » i n South A m erica In 1 8 5 9 , Sr M unoz havin g conclude d his

. . ,
l G EB MAN
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C LU B S .
'
orné i o f Cal l es Pe ru an r b
p
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s len d id ho hs e at t he c d V ic to ia t h e Cl u re m ove d
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th ithe r T he suite df salo ons iS un r iv al l e d and the ir luxury an d sty l e
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I
quit e in ke eping w ith th e ga y a nd fashiona ble s oci et y that h as ga ine d for

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the Pro greso balls a P arisian reputation The read in g room

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libra ry . .
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b illiard roo m conversa ti on h all &c ar e w ell arrange d The co m m er cia l

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ne w s of the day is m arked do w n on a slate Besides the m onthly b all s .

,
t her e ar e o th ers on the gran d fet e da y s of B ue nos A y re s : s t ra ngers ca n -
proc ur e an invita tion t hr ough a n y of t he mem b e rs T h e num b er o f

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m e m bers is o ve r4 0 0 ; e ntranc e fee $ 3 0 0 0 m43 ; m onthl y sub s cription

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$ 7 5 , , ,
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The Cl ub il e i P l a ce w a s foun ded August 6 t h 1 8 6 0 in the b uild in g

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form e rl y oc c upie d by the P hilh a rm on i c Society 1 1 2 Rivadavia The ,

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sal oo ns are spa cious an d hands o m e (President Derq ui l odg ed he re on his ,

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visit to B uenos A y res in The st y le a nd chara cter o f t his C lub are

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s i m ilar to those of the Progre so and the b al l s al m ost as brilliant

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Forei gn residents m ay be co m e m e m b ers a nd visito rs can ea sil y pro cure an ,
i nvitation En tra nc e fe e $ 60 0 and m o nthl y s ub scription $ 6 0

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The Cl z Ib de l Pa rque has bee n re centl y opened i n Cal le Art e s and is

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rendez vo us for the neighbors of th e West en d .
The British L ibra ry No 5 Call e Defensa w a s e stab l ished about forty

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y e ars a go an d c on t a ins w,
orks of ge ne ra l literat ure beside s a ,
r eading roo m f ur nished w ith t he leading loc al an d E ng l ish j o urnal s : th ere

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i s a chess a nd s m okin g roo m Mr D uffy , the l ibra ri an is ver y attentiv e

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to vis itors The roo m s are ope n on all w eek day s fro m 9 a M t o 1 0 P at
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,
. . . .
There are pr inted cat a log u es price $ 5 and a list is po sted up e ac hm onth o f ,
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the n e w w orks r eceived by the packet Subs cribers m ay tak e out a b ook .
for a stated n u m ber of da y s pa ssin g w hi ch a s m al l fin e is e xac t ed ,

.
Periodic als ar e l ike w i se lent out Th e su bs cription for the L ending .
librar y and rea ding r oo m i s S2 i0 a y e a r Mr Mudie supplie s t he instit ut e

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w ith b ooks .
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Ge rm a n Cl ubs ; There cl ubs or so cietiese n o les s t ha n nine G er m a n

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ar .
1 The Ger mania fou nded in 1 8 5 3 c o m p o s ed of re spe ctable trades m en

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a ri
d th ei rfa m ilies to the n u m ber o f 2 5 0 m em bers The y o cc asionall y giv e
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conce z t s balls a n d a m ate ur theatri cal p erfor m anc es The y have a go o d ’ ‘
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rea din g roo m w ith ne w sp ap er s and b oo k s also a pi an o and th e b illi ard

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roo m and sk ittle groun d a re op en dail y The G y m nastic Club ; foun de d

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in 1 8 5 4 c o m pr is es about 4 0 0 m erchants a d cl erk s w h o h ave a l ar ge ba l l

, ,
wh erein g y m nastic exercises ar e p e rfor m ed on certain da y s of the w eek :

a s m all hal l Is bein g b uilt for bo y s The 1 4 th a nn iversar y w a s re c entl y .
c eleb rated w ith a great athletic m atch a nd ga m e of sk i ttles , att end e d by a

8 O PERA : H O U SE A ND Tn ns r a ns
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nu m ber of ladies the festivity
conclud ing w it h a ba ncj ue t Th ere a re fou r
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th e s kittle grounds , a nd a nice ga rde n atta che d to the cl ub 3 : Th e

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T euton ia , establish ed i n 1 8 6 1 counts 1 0 0 m e m bers m ostl y m e rca nt il e , .

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cl erks w h o give m us ical entertainm ents fro m ti m e to ti m e

, reading
roo m contains books and papers in several languages there are also m us i c ,
a n d b illiard roo m s and a refresh m ent a nd conversation hall 4 T he . .
C oncordia opened In 1 8 6 4 has 1 5 0 m e m b ers m ostly trades m en w h o for m

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a m usica l asso ciation an d have a skittle ground reading 5 The

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Ger m an Sin ging Acade m y founded in 1 8 6 4 counts 4 0 0 m e m bers w ho

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d evote the m selves entirely to th e stud y of classical and sacre d m usic .

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C once rts are given at reg ular intervals in the Ge rm a n ch urclr and th e
C oliseu m w ith th e m ost brill iant su c ces s 6 T he He im a th or « h o m e »
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w a s founded i n 1 8 6 5 and has abo ut 1 0 0 m e mbers of the m er canti l e class

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r eading room billiards a n d m usic hall The cl ub h a s q uit e i a m usical

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character 7 The Krank e n verein fo un ded in 1 8 6 5 is a soc ie ty for the

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relief of sick persons 8 The Germ a n Hospital Societ y is si m ilar to the

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l ast founded In 1 8 6 7 for the p urpose o f establi shing a Ger ma n h ospital

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aconce rt w a s giv en at t he Coliseu m to w ards th is end 9 Th e Thalia .

,
foun ded In 1 8 6 7 cou nts alrea dy eight y m e m bers , m ostl y tra d es men w h o
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r e cre ate the m selves at skittle s dail y an d have also a b illi ard r oo ra a good , ,
sup pl y of b o o ks and j ournal s a nd a m usic room : the y so m eti m e s g ive ,
b alls an d concerts It w ill be seen that m ost of the above clubs are o f
.
an e m inently m usi cal character and th e G er m ans also for m a large ,
p roportion of t he Philh a rm oni c Societ y In 1 8 6 5 there w as a gran d .
g atherin g of all the Ger m a n m usical associations of B uenos A y r es ,
R os ari o Montevideo and Rio G rande in th e fi rst na m ed city , and th e

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fe stivitie sw e re kept up for thre e day s . .
T uni rne s .
Col on The a tre ,

called a fter Colu m bus st ands at th e NE cor ner of Plaz a.
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N ict oria ; it is us e d as an opera house a nd is the fi n est t h e a t re in the ,

I
Contin ent ; It w a s built in 1 8 56 by a joint stock c o m pan y at : a cost of ,

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£ 4 0 0 0 0 ; the roof i s of iron an d w a s put u p by Mr Turner of D ublin

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The archite ct w a s Mr Ch arles Pelligrini The h ouse can convenie ntl y hol d
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50 0 persons th e re are three tiers o f boxes above w hi ch is th e C az uela ,

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for ladies onl y ; th e upper gall er y Is calle d th e Paraiso In the pit ther e .
a re onl y gentle m e n ; but a fe w ro w s of fron t stalls are set apart for ladies .
and gentle m en L adies in t he boxes usuall y w ear ball dress , b ut t he

.
e tique t t e in this particular Is not rigid are tertulia seats on eithe r

There .
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o nsis t of burl e sqde s and com j — 3

i c op e ras Uppe r b oxe
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$ 1 2 5 1ow e
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,
he x es ; tert ulia seats ; $ 1 5—pit $ 10 —entranc e $ 1 0

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The C concert hall w a s b uilt by the Hugli -
Ger m an res idents In 1 8 6 5 i n Shares of £ 40 e a ch t he arc hite cts , ,
Messrs Hun t a n d Sc hr oe der It stan ds in Calle Pa rq u e b et w e en C alle s

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E s m er ald aa nd Suipa cha and cos t about st e rling Being ,

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a C o ncert hall it is s m a l l but b eautifull y arra nged w ith

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p ersons and cloak ro oms ladies ap a rt m e nt s di ning hall

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for b all s p ubli c dinn ers or Such like p u rpos e The v est ibul e h as three
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en tranc e doo rs : t he gr an d hall i s loft y a nd w ell designed w ith se ve n ,
fre s coes on t he left and four on th e right the other three n iches on t h e
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right being o ccu pied by doors openin g into a corridor T hese fres coe s,
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fro m the p alette of M Palliere com pris e the follo w ing cr ies We
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b egin on t he left 1 F igure of Victo ry a w om a n crow

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2 A fe m al e Ba c chante
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3 A gi rl pla ying On a guitar . 4 . . .
pl aying on the l y re 5 R us ti c p oetr y a w o m an d ancing a nd

. . .
the tria ngle 6 Co m ed y : Foll y w i th h e r cap and b e lls

. . 7 . .
a wom a n p la y ing on the an cient double fl ut e O n the ri -

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1 C han t de Joie : a wo m a n pl ay i n g ca st ane t t s 2
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With urn a rid c y press Sa cred Song : w o man

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C oncert M usic : w o man pl ay i ng a violin At the

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the orchestra a re thr e e ,
t he s a l l e a m anger a n dl adies ap art m ents The

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hall leads into a s m all court y ard w ith glass roof an -

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The cloak roo m s are ion e it h e r Sid e of the vestib ule a t t h e e nt ra nce t o t he
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h all The front of t he building is ver y ch aste JW ith t h e m otto « Art ibiis
‘ ‘ ‘
e t Musis : The larg a hall m easur e s forty feet ; by ; eight y fi ve a nd is

i
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lighted by th r ee gasoli ers w ith 1 1 0 j ets fro m th e ceiling w h ich is fort y , , ,
fee t high The hall is ad m irabl y s uited for S inging ; th e r e be ing tno gall ery
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o r ot her i m pedi m e nt to the sound The dining hall is 2 6 x 40 feet : behin d .

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t h e sm ok ing ; room fol l ow t he se rva nt s apart m ents a n d kitchen

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The
Coliseu m w a s in augurated in Nove m ber 1 8 6 5 w i th a serie s of concer ts by ,
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Professors R eink en Werner an d Sc hram m ,The grand ele ctri c telegra p h .
b an quet w a s given here In Nove m b er 1 8 6 6 on the co m pletion of the c able ,
a nd w i res to Montevideo Balls and co ncerts are given a t intervals ; w ith .
gr eat brillian c y and Success The sele ct concerts of the G er m an Singing .
“
A ca de m y are co n sidered ver y fine b ut t he n u m ber of invit ati ons is ,
li m ited The Philhar m onic Societ y co m p risin g t he b est A rgen tine an d

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fo reign a m ate urs givcs public concerts w hi ch are al w ay s fashionabl y
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at t ended .
Isa
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PLA Z A VICT OItIA .

1
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Pt AE ’
f
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AS :
I I t
I m
l
The Pl a z a tgreat sq ua r e
orz a of
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the ’
cov e
is the
ri n g a n a re a o f ci y ,
t l
sq uare y ards In the centre is the col um n of I ibe rt y w ith th e

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l
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to co m m em orate the re I e lution of Buenos

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inScr ip t ion « 2 5 de Ma y o 1 8 1 0 , ,
Ay res w hic h re sul t e d in th e in dependen ce of all South A m erica E ac h

‘
' f .
S ide of t h e plaz a h as a r ow of paradise tre es and m arble seats : here t h e .
citizens som eti m es sit on s um m er e venings w hil e a ban d play s Th e , ,

.
plaz a i s at ti m es used for m ilitar y r evi e w s the tr oops de fil in g in f ro nt o f

“
,
the Policia a n d th e Pr e siden t and staff occup y in g the m un icipal b alcon y

,
.
Th e Policia 1 5 u nder the d ire ction o f Don E nri que 0 Ge rm an w ho levi e s

’ ’
,
fines for th e infra ction of m un icipal regulations a nd c onde m ns m inor ,
offenders t o s w eep the streets or Suffe r confine m e nt for s o m e d ay s Th e .
Cabildo erected In 1 7 1 1 w as th e To w n Hall un der the Span iards an d is

, , , ,
n ow the seat of the L a w Cour ts : it w a s struck by ligh tn ing ii i 1 8 6 2 but ,
n ow h as a conductor c fiice s a n d
’
,
O n the ground fl oor are the n ot ar ies
'
-
,
i nside is th e prison for male fac tors After 1 1 P M n o one can p as s un de r . . .
t his arc ade The to w n C lock in the Cab ildo to w e r w a s put up by Me ssrs , ,
.
J a e ggl i dz Diavet a gen t s for Bosk e l l of Liverp ool i n 1 8 6 1

,
The fa rm er ,
.
ti m e p iece w a s ver y irregular th e ‘ w eight s being o f s and w hich ch an ged , ,
under atm ospheri c influen ces : the p re sent one i s ill u m i nated by n igh t
until 1 2 o clo ck a nd ke eps ex cell e nt ti m e ; its c ost w a s £ 50 0
.
’
,
Th e .
Re coba N u ev a ; or ne w arcad e is on t h e south side of the Plaza and C onsists

' '
"
, ,
of a nu m b er of Shops There is a cab sta nd at the corner ; the Cab s a re

.
‘
u Sua l fy b e t ter than a re found in m ost E uropea n citie s

:
Th e north S ide o f .
~ I
.the Plaz a is oc cupied by t h e iCa the dra l an d t h e Archbishop s h ou se : Th e

.
’
p ortic o and fa ga de of the Ca thedral are m assive a nd y e t elegant th e

'
' '
far ade be ing de ccra t e d w ith an alto relievo o

'
i f
f « Jos eph e m bra cing h is
b rethr en » to com m e m or ate the fa m i l y co m pact o f B ue n os A y r es with t h e
,
Ar gentine Pr ovinces after the Civil w ars of 1 8 5 3 59 Th e ep iSCopal

‘ ‘
p al ace w a s erec ted b y orde r of the Legi slature of the Province of BIIe n oS
' '
A yr e s in 1 8 6 1 ? it is Spa ciOuS an d w ell b uilt Al ongsi de is an old housef ‘

'
' -
, .
,
w ith tile ro o f the ow ners refused a fabulous p rice for the site ivh e re on it ‘ ‘
w as pro posed to build a bank A t the corn e r of the Cathedral and Call e .
‘
Sa n Ma rtin is a h i stori c m onu m e nt —the foundation Ist one of Bu eno s A y re s

'
-
,
AD 1 53 5 : l it is now covered w ith an iro n p l at e but re m ai ned in it s

.
,
'
original state open to vie w till 1 8 6 2 w h en a w at er c art broke off a larg e

, , ,
-
p ie c e z of it It Is ne a rl y r o und a nd quite rough a n d unpolished Don Juan

I
.
.
,
d e G ara y c alled t his square the Plaz a M ay o

'
r w hich n a rne it pres e rved til l , ‘
Au gu st , 1 8 0 6 , w hen i t gaine d its pres e nt na m e , in honor of th e com p l e t e

' ’
’
i
12
v ictory over G en eral Be re sford x The Re coba Viej a is a kind of Moorish ,

.
a rcade w i th an ugly triu m ph al arch of brick and m ortar i n the centre

, ,
.
Hair cut te rs shoe 1nak e rs c onfectioners and sm al l l de al e rs have sh op s on

-
, , ,
e ither side of the arc a de the back lookin g into Plaz a Mayo T e property
,
h , . .
b elo n gs to Se nor An chorena It is a great ey e sore and should be knock e d .

-
,
d o w n as soon a s possib le In front of the Re coba m unicipal fire w orks are

‘
,
.
l e t off 0 11 the C i‘ ic festival s

The Pl a z a 2 5 de Ma y o i s sep arate dfro m the Plaz a Vic tori a by the Re coba
Vieja a nd ov erlooks the river It h as the sa m e a re a as the Plaza Victoria
,
.
,
a n d the chief object of interest i s the Custo m house w hi ch w a s b uilt in -

,
-
1 8 55 it st ands o n the site of the old fort of Santa Trinidad ere cted by the ,
first Spanish se ttlers Although possessing great histori c interest th e fort

.
,
w a s de m olished a nd the pr e sent inferior buil ding p ut up in its pla ce

, The . .
-
ol d fort w a s the res idence of the Spanish Vi ceroys the headquarte rs of , ,
G enera l Beresfor d in the E ngl ish i11 Va sion o f 1 80 5 and the scen e ; of th e , .
r e volutio n of 1 8 10 There w a s a tradition that the Spaniar ds h ad b ur ie d

.
a grea t quantity of t 1 e asu1 e h ere b ut a ll effo rts to discove r th e s am e h ave

‘
.
,
b een unsuccessful In 1 8 6 3 Mr W ilks disin terred a large iron che st n e ar

. .
the sp ot but the t 1 e a sure if any had be e n previously tak en a w ay The

.
, , , ,
present Custo m h ouse IS elegant and co m m odious but subj e ct to inundation

-
,
a t high tide s : tha t portion next the Plaz a is us e d as th e Nati onal ,

u
Go vern m ent house and w as t w ic e b urned 1n 1 86 7 ; In t h e u p p er story iare ‘
. . .
t h e Presi dent s sal o

’
ons and he i e foreign m inisters a re re c e i ved At the
,
.
e ntranc e fa cing the Be coba arch is a po rtico sur m ount e d by the national ,
fla g In the civil w a r of 1 8 59 t h e building w a s oc cupied j ointly j by

. , .
.
.
'
English A m erican an d Frenc h m ar ines w ith artillery } Near the corner of

, , ,
.
C alle Ba lca rce is th e Congress hall a s m all a m phith eatre w here the
'
-
. ,
, , ,
C ha m be rs m eet d aily during the session fro m May t o Nove m be r T he b a ll

'
,
~
.
w a s b uilt in 1 8 6 3 by Sr L argui a : it holds 80 0 persons a n d th e p ub l i c

.
,
ga lleries are ac cessible by a w retched w inding sta ir w hile the v entilation

-
,
o f the hal l is also insuflicie nt The m e m bers s p eak sitting do w n The ’

. .
.
p olice m an at the d oor w ill ad m it no one w ith a w alk ing sti ck Th e ante ~
.
c ha m ber for m s a large w aitin g roo m w here m ate i s served t o t he D e p ut i

es -
,
t h e othe r roo m s are o ccupied by the secretaries and ser vant s

.
'
.
O n this site .
w a s the ol d barrack for Nation al Guards The n orth side of t he Pl a z a i s ‘
m ade up of the C olon theatre the livery stables of Al l inson a nd Malcol m , ,
a nd t w o l a i ge bui l dings at th e corners of Ca ll e Mayo used for furn ish e d

l odgings and office s Bet w een the C usto m house a nd t he fPa se o J ulio is
.
-
t h e ter m inus o f the , Northern R ai l w a y t ra m w a y p a n d a t this point it i s a -
proposed to b ui l d a grand stat ion , w he re t he fo ur city rai l w ays shall

, , , ,
- '
1 4. PLAZA S non e m m n , p anoun .
c e n re of
t e difice 1 Bet w,een 1 80 0 and
,,
.
the . site T
, w as u sed.
,
'
.
Bul l rin gmwl iich w as pul led do w n in t he latte r ye ar and ithe m a t e ria l sn
-
.
,
w e re use d for t he barrack In 1 8 0 8 th e s ua i e w as e al l e di C am po de

, , q . .
, , .
r
Glori a a llu di ng to the suc cess o f the p atri ot fo i c e s w hich m ar ch e d from this
,
.
point : aga i ns t General Be i e sford and re con qu ered the city : i n -

,
S ubse q uent l y , in 1 8 2 2 th e na m e w a s change d to Plaz a Marte,

u
.
The Pl a z a L ore a is t en blo cks w est o f Plaz a Vi ctoria bet w e e n Calle s , ,
Riya davia a n d Victo ria and deri ves its n a m e fro m Don Isidi o L or e a 1
,
l
,
a n e ighbou r of this lo c a lity w h o w as kille d along w ith h is w ife in gt h e ,
d efence of th is p oint of the c ity against G e neral Wh ite l ocke s troops ”

’
F or m erly it w a s th e re ndez vous of bullock c arts from th e South In 1 86 0 -

.
a n e ffort w a s m ade to sink an Arte sian w ell after a gr e at outl a y it prove d ,, ,
a fa il ure T he Lorc a m arket w a s e st abl ishe d in 1 86 4 T he Pl az a w as '
.
.
.
'
originally kno w n a s Plaza de Piedad .
T he Pl a z a Ma nse ?ra t at the j un ctio n of Calles Be l grano and Bue u O rd e n

, ,
.
is a s m a ll square about t w o acres in exte nt de riving its na m e f ro m th e

, ,
a dj oini hg ch ur ch of O ur Lad y of Monserrat Be h ind the Plaz a in Call e ; .

,
L i m a is t he t e m p orary station of the tram w ay runnl ng to the S outhe r n

, ,
,
,
t er minus in the Plaz a Constitucion In 1 8 6 0 the Plaz a wa s rent e d out t o a .
Ci rcus C o m pa ny but n ow it is neatly arranged w ith trees and seat s

,
!
,
.
proper nam e of this squar e is Plaz a General San Marti n, but it is us ually
k n ovvn by the n am e given it by the first s ettlers In 1 80 8 it w a s ordere d
'
: '
t o b e designa ted as Plaza de Fi delid a d in co m m e m oration of the fidelity of

the n egroes Indians a nd cross breeds w h o for m ed a v ol unteer battalion
,
-
.
a nd drille d 1 1 this pl ace to aid 1 1] repe l ling the E nglish inva sions of 1 8 0 6
1 .
an d 18 2 2 the na m e w as c hang e d to Plaz a Bu e n Orden ; and

a gai n in 1 8 49 R o sas varied it by c a lling t he Pl az a after the hero o f Arge nti ne ,
Inde pendenc e puttin g up at th e sa m e ti m e on eac h corner the fo l lo w in g

,
—
inscriptio n « Cam paign o f the Ande s fro m De ce m b er 1 2 th 1 8 1 6
“
, ,
F ebruary 1 2 th 1 8 1 7 ,
The Pl az a de l Pa r que is situate d in the w est e n d of t ow 11 a nd de rives it s ,,

.
n a m e fro m t he Art il l e i y ma gazine w he re som e rare old gu ns : are sti l l pre i

, ,
-
s er v
'
ed The plaza covers ei ght a cre s and is n icely laid out w i th a cas ino
.
, , ,
i n the cen tre a nd m erry go rounds for chi l dren A ba nd play s every Sun
,
- -
.
d ay afte rno on but the c om pany is not so fashionabl e as at the Reti 1 o The ,
,
.
Western Ra il w ay b isects the plaz a diagonal ly and there are so m e fi ne hous e s ,
i n the neighborh oo d In 1 8 6 1 it w a s m ade a public ga hden w ith par adise 1

. ,,
trees seats a nd ra il i n gs On th e north side is the m agnific ent re sidence

, ,
.
o f Senor Mir o, surrounded by m eat g a rdens The W estern Ra il w a y ter m i .
n us is ou the east side —a nd here w a s s t arted the first rai l w ay 1 11 the Rive r
P LAZA S INDEPENDEN C IA .
f 1
1
1
1
1
11 1
AND SE T IF M11 11 B
3 3 . ,
. . 15
be l o ngs to th e Proy in ci
w e st w ar d It is be .
a s m a l l s qua re of Par que ; ’

n
an d pl ant e d p b ullock -
, r
al tho ug h
t he 82 2, w as
kno w n a s Hueco de Do na E ngracia t h n a nie the lady w ho ,

.
b enevolently ceded it to th e city for a public square Adjacent to thi s .
s q uare i n Calle L ib erta d i s the F rench Hospital under charge of th e

, , ,
« Si ri u s de C har i té »
,
'
The Pl a z a Indep e nde ncga at the j unction o f Cal l es Indepen denc ia and
t .
B uen O rden is in the south e n d c overin g n are a of 3 acres a nd re centl y

,
a , ,
laid out as a It w a s for m erly called Pl aza de C on cep ci on ,
at na me th e r oo f o f w h ich fel l 1 n (1 86 0 ) ,
construction : the edifi c e is

n ow n ear l y fi n ish e d . .
a « corr a l on » so m eti m es use d for a 11 m rack In th e

’
Bes ide
s ie ge of 1 8 59 t h e Pl a Hard; by 1 5 th e inst itut e
i z a w a s m ade an a i t il l e ry dep ot
‘
o f L os Ejercic i os a hous e of d e tention for w o men w h o m a y hav e b e en

,
g uilty of m inor offences The Plaz a is ca l led a fter t h e Ind ep enden ce o f

.
the Arg e n t i n
'
e R epublic procla i m ed a t Tuc u m an J uly 9 th 1 8 1 6

, , ,
.
i
The Pl a z a Constitucion at the extre me south po int of the city is a larg e

, .
, ,
open space cover ing abo ut t w enty acr es Al l t he b ull ock ca 1 t s f1 0 m the
, .
-
_
1
S outh w ith w ool an d hides e ncam p h ere to the nu m b er of se veral

, , ,
h un dre ds alth o u gh t hey a re g oing very m uch out of fas hion sin ce th e
, .
o pe n in g of th e Southern Rail w a y L arge deposit st ore s or «ba r r acas » a re

.
,
in the neighb o urhood Th e tr a m w ay ru ns thro u gh the P l a z a nd th e

a
.
S outhern ter m i n us is a ha i idsom e and co m m odious structure the Southe rn .

,
R ail w ay runs out s eventy t w o m ile s to Chasco m us A li t tle -

, .
the P l az a are the Mataderos w here catt l e are k il l d for t he c ity m ark e t s
e
Thebr o kers h ave a club a nd re adin g r oom in th e Pli iz a w he re the y m eet to -
,
t ransact b usiness The b usy w o ol s easo n1 8 fro m Nov em b r to Mar ch

e
-
de Se tie m bre at the extre m e ve st of t e c i

y h y t ha s an ,
of t w elve a cres 1 t 1 s the gre at

p rod u
, ce m ark et for th e
w e st e r n a n d n 0 1 t
h e rn .
districts Du rin gthe w ool sea son this place i cro w d e d w ith Irish s he p f ,
s e
. -
.
far m ers : Mr g n do es th e c hi ef b usi n es s w i

a .
th , his coun trym en and . ,
h a s large de p st ores i t he Plaza The onc e de Se tie m b re (1 1t h of

n, .
Septe m ber )is so call e d 1 11 co m m e m oratio of a r e v ol ut on o t ha t day

1 l
n i n .
( 8 5 2 ) w h ich expel ed G e n eral fromBue no s Ayre s j an insig ni ,
fi ca nt statue o nc e d cor a ted t h e Pl aza but i t has been e m ve d to the

e r p ,
kshops of the We st e rn B
,
Parque c asino The n ew w o r .

ai l w ay are w o r thy
"
C IT Y M AR K E T S
1
l - x
16 .
not e and behm d t hem is Mr Ry a n s « lava dero » forw ashin g

’
of ,
.
’
skins There are so m e large m ills an d D e m archis ice fa ctor y ;
.
’
,
-
,
neighbo urhood The Plaz a is t w ent y three « c uadra s» nearl y t w o m iles

.
-
, ,
.
w est of Plaz a V i ctoria and an o m nibus plies ever y quarter ho ur fare $ 5

‘
-
, ,
It is also th e first st ation on th e West ern R ail w ay b ein g one and a h al f

‘
-
,
m iles fro m the Parque ter m inus

'
MA R ET S
K .
There are fi ve cit y m arke ts for th e supply of m eat v egetables , poul tr y , ,
fr uit,
fi sh , flo w ers , sin ging b irds b utter ch eese eggs &c Beef and
-
, , , ,
.
m utton are bro ught 1 11 carts fro m th e m ata deros vegetables a n d fruit ar e
mo stl y su pplie d by the Italian « quinteros » of the subu rb s ; the river al
“
,
w a y s gi ves an ab undan ce of dorado

'
p j e y b agre and other excellent
e e r , , ,
k inds o f fish ; th e rail w a y trains b ring 1 11 a profusion of p artridge duck , ,
and dom esti c poult ry and the « ch a cre ros» of Moron , Quil m es &c ra ise ,
.
m ost of the butter and e ggs Moreover fruit i s often brought fro m
.
,
Mont evideo of Braz il a n d so m et im es ch eese and butter fro m t h e Sw is s

,
colonies of E ntre Rios or Santa F é The best potatoes co m e fro m Baradero .

,
th e Ca rap a ch a y islands and Chivilco y ; the “best p ea ches fro m Point .
S antiago E nsenada ; the b est m eat is that killed in the ca m p and brought
, ,
i n by rail ; and the b est b utt er is th at fro m English bred co w s The city -
.
i s supplied w ith m ilk by a nu m ber of Basque « lecheros w h o co m e in o n ,
horseba ck ever y m orning fro m Quil m es L o m as de Za m ora a n d Moron , ,

.
The pork raised in the countr y is to be avoided the p igs b ei n g u sually ,
fed in the saladeros Ga m e i s a l w as s abundant and cheap poultr y is

.
,
ver y dear The b e st ho ur for m arket in gis fi ve 0 Cl OCk A M It 1 5 necessary

.
’
. .
t o be w are of b uy ing « tire d » b eef w h i ch looks sound but is apt to cause

diarrh oe a The usual m arket pri ces are as follo w s —
, ,
,
. Beef $ 1 p er fi sh , ,
$ 3 potatoes $ egetables $ 2 p artridges $ 1 0 p pai i ; d ucks

$ 1
'
; 1 ; v , ; e,
r 0 , ,
chickens $ 2 5 ; t urke y s $ 40 each butter $ 1 5 per 111 ; eggs $ 1 0 p e r doz ;

, , , , ,
.
m utton $ 1 0 p er quarter ; pe a
,
ch es $ 1 per doz ,
.
The Ol d Ma rke t is at the cor ner o f Calle sPotosi a nd Peru a ndIS as old ,
a s the cit y itsel f It w a s for erl y v er y unclean and inconvenient till

m .
,
Mess 1s Urien reb uilt it in its p resent fo rm in 1 86 4 : it is still m uch too

‘
.
,
s m all not quite t w o a cres and i s surrounded on all sides w ith houses
, , ,
preventing proper ventilation Until 1 8 5 9 it w as the onl y m arket in the

.
city The fees form arket stalls for ma part of the m uni ci p al revenue and
.
,
no one can open as hop for m eat or vegetables w ithin a certain dist a nc e
( half a
a
-
'
)
im il e or so of an
y cf th e m ar k
’
e ts The c h i e f e ntra nc e s to t he O ld .
PvBm n
e p aaa
-
m rars .
1 31 1 1 1 111 1
. l l l!
" 1'
~
l 11 : 1
C HAP ; ‘
III .
I 1
D 13
3 P A M E N T s ,
'
G O V ER M E T HO U N N -
S E , P O ST O FF I C E P OLI CIA -
.
1 |. n
THE Na t i ona l House i n Plaz a 2 5 de May o is an uns ightl y and

G ove rnm e nt- , , .
irregul a r e difi ce
. it w as t w i ce partial l y b urnt m 1 86 7 w he n m a ny va luabl e
r
, ,
f
d oc um e nts w e re l ost The Pre sid ent s sa loon s u pst air s are fine and a iry , , ,
w it h a g o o d vie w z of t he h e re the F or e ign Ministers a re re ceiv e d

'
.
-
1
.
,
w h en pr es e nt i ng their cre de n tia l p The v ari ous : D e p a rt m e nt s m f f t he

, . ,
' »
Interior F oreign Affa irs Einan ce 1l nstruct iou a nd W a r h ave thei n o ffi ce s

, , , ,. ,
in t he sam e building office h our s fro m 1 1 a M to 4 4 1 1 1 The offices of t lie

‘
‘
. . . 1 1
Teso reria a nd C ont aduria are on t he gr ound fl oor , .
The S ta m p Office is in t he ne w Cu sto m ho use ope n fro m 9 A M to 4 r M -

,
'
. . .
for the s al e o f : Nation al st am ped paper Thirt y da y s are all o w ed by . . .

,
1 a w for stam p ing note s or ,docum ents of a ny kind

,
A fter that p e riod ia ny . :
un st a m ped pa p er bro ught before a ny co urt m ust p a y a fine ten ti m e s t he

' '
am oilf
lt th e Ol d st am p s n ot use d m ay b e e xchan ge d 1!
» '
r
.
. ,
, ,
.
The Pmuinoia l Sta m p Office is in the Govern m e nt
: .
,
p
a n d h e re l al l dp p um e ut g e xce p t for t h e : C usto m house or F e de ral r Courts e -

.
,
m ust be sta m ped .
The Post Office 1 1 5 Calle Bol 1 va r l s lo dged i n very s m all and in conve
-
, ,
n ient pre m ises Mr Posadas has gre a t l y refor m e d this bl anch of the
. .
ublic service but there is still great roo m for i m prov e m ent if th e re venu e
p , ,
w o uld ad m i t The principal hall for desp atch of busin ess is w ell arrange d
.
a n d ha s a b ust of Rivadav i a Mr Hansen and others of the official s sp e ak . .

T HE Posr- orr1 cc
'
. 19 .
1 .
ho urs 1 11 sum me rfrom

,
A M to 4 P M 8 .
,
. .
P M in w inte r fro m 8 A M to 4 P;M On Sunda ys a nd

. .
{ ,
. . . . .
A M ‘to noon ; but w he n the m ails fro m E urope arrive th e

. .
in de fi m t e l y O ver 4 ,0 0 0 0 0 0 p ap e r s an d letters pa ss ,
in the y ea r T he re are ; b ranch oflice s at the C ap tain of

.
-
‘
vari ous ra il w ay s tations Lette rs a re delive red throug h .

.
The m ails are desp atche d ev e r y da y t o lthe p rin cipal

ne e of B u en o s Ay re s viz — 1 By th e Western Rail w a y
M
. .
,
oron M erlo , M oreno ata n z as L nj a n M

,
e rc edes , , , ,
Chac abu co : the re are dilig ences pl ying fro m thes e ,
de l Se nor , Sa n Ant onio , Arre cifes L ob os Saladillo 25 de Ma y o Gil es , , , , ,
For tin de Are co , Salto Roj as Perg a m in o ; J unin Navarro Br a gado a nd , , , , ,
Nu vé de Jul io 2 By the North e rn R a il w ay to B elgrano San Isidro , Sa n

e
-
. . .
,
Fernando i gre a n d Con ch as : the stea m bo ats from the Tigr e t ake m ails
T ,
t hree t imes a w eek to Zar a te Baradero Sa n Pedro , sa 1 1 Nicol as Rosari o; , , ,
Santa F e Paran a a n
,
dG ualeguay 3 By th e Southe rn R ail w ay to Ba rra ca s
, , .
,
L o 3 de Z a m orra Sa 11 Vic ent e Cha sco m u s, and inte rm ediate stat ion s ,
'
, ,
fro m w hich the diligen c es rad iate to Ra nchos, Ca nue l as Mo11 te L a s Flores
'
, , ,
Ta palq uen D olor es Pil a V e cino Mon sa lvo Aj o Tordillo Mar Chiquita
'
-
, , , , , , , ,
L oberia T an dil Juarez an d Az nl 4 By the Boc a rail w a y to the Boc a

n
fi
.
, , , ,
and B arra cas 5 The diligen ce goes t w ic e a w eek to Quilm es , E nse n ada
’ ’
. .
a n dMagdal n a 6 To Ba hia Blanca a nd Patag ones by ste e n1 e n on ce a m onth

'
e
. . .
7 To Cordoba T ucu m a n Salta a nd the norther n p rovin ces th re e ti m e s a '

.
, ,
w e ek via R
,
osari o 8 To Sa n L uis Me ndoza and Sa n J u an onc e a w eek ,
. .
, , ,
via Ro sar io 9 T C hile Peru and the other Spanish republics on ce a w e e k ‘
e
. .
, , ,
vi a Rosario an d ,Me n doz a 1 0 To Corrien te s g and y by s t ea m er . .

x , ‘
t w ice a week 1 1 To San t a F é t w ice a w ee k To Sal t o Pa y sa nd11 ,

l] 2Paragua
‘
. . .
,
Co ncepc i on a n d o t her p orts of the Ur ug ua y t w ice a w ee k 1 3 To . . .

‘
.
hic tevide o every e ven ing 14 T o Europe by a nd the

' '
p
. .
E nglis h p ackets ever y m onth a s also by the and ,

.
Marse illes l in es of stea m ers 1 5 To Brazil via 1 Montevi deo by t he

'
. .
Fren ch m a iLst ea m ers 1 e igh t t im e sa gno nth Al l -

,
.
exc e pt those dire ct e d to the P resident Go ve rn ors .

, ,
State , and any ; le tter s found unsta m pe d ; 1 ‘in

. . .
<
e detaine d an d p p bl isl 1 e d a s w e l l as tho se w it hout a ,

i ‘ ‘
S m a
j y
b e ce t i
1 fi e d or .
, l
.
‘
.
,
1 t ake n o l e tte rs outside the m a il bags ship ca p t a h1 s or

'
- - -
,
v
letters m ust ge 1iver the m 0 1 1 arriva l fit o the1 Ca ptai n of A

‘
‘ _
ar e carried fre e Letters u n ca l l e d for are .

20 11 1113 c D EPAR T MENT S .
ublished e e ry three m onth s , and burne d at the end of t h year in

p y " e
p r n e of t h e p re p e i authoritie'
s a ft er fir st t ak i ng ou'
t a n
y doc u m e nts ’
"
e s e c 1
,
It is prohibite d t osen d m oney Or articl s i value ,

“
'
t h at im a y be 0 f v al e u
e o
/ 1 .
i
t hr oug h th e p ost ie ven iri re gist ere d l ett ers : such articl e s m us t be
'
"
1
fo rw a rde d t hrbugb st e a m bo ats or othe r ag e n cies ;

‘
5 thro u h
g
“
S p e cia l c ouri ers for p ri vate p a y te 11 ce i
'
t h e Cust Om 1ts p r
e
'
,
_
league b e sides the usual p ostag e The l a w of 1 86 3 fixes the p stin g

'
o
. .
,
charg es 1 n the upper provinces at one real (6 d per l eague for e a cl 1 :h orse
'
r
. .
The post house k eép e rs m iist al w ays pr evide travell e rs w i th h orses a n d

' '
’ ’ '
- l
,
i 1
give th e m hospit ality a t coiive nt ional t e rm s P arties carryiiig unsta m p e d '
letters a re fin e d i$ 50 or i m p riso ned for six m on ths Bobbi ng the ma il is

‘
‘
p unish able w it h fou r y ears p enal service Th e ta 1 iff for al l l ette 1 s is fiye
’
‘
.
ce nts (or $ 1 1 B uenos Ayres curren c y) for l et ters n ot e x ce e dm g te n

"
cents for m}; oz a nd so on R e gistering a l etter costs t w e nt y fi ve c ents
1 '
.
‘ -
extra Books pi ctu re s m usic , &c p ay five cents per it

. « , ,
.
'
.
“
all p a it s go free Th is does n ot in clude the cha rg es In
'
'
.
countries ; viz E ngla nd or F ra n ce forl et ter s or pap e rs carr ied

.
J
,
m ail st e am e rsL
- Street deliver y i n t ow n is ch ar ged five ce nts
' ’
i
Boxes ar e se s t ap art in the Correo for the chief m er ca ntile houses t o t l e
.
,
y
nu mber of 8 0 0 at a ch arge of $ 2 0 0 m l c p er annu m
,
T h e s ta m ps ne w ly . .
i
m ade b the Ne w Y ork bank note c o m p any are ve iy neat and as fol l o ws
y
.
.
,
Ri vadavia ssh e a d pink fi ve cents ; G en eral Be l grano s , green ten cents ;

’ ’ '
.
, ,
“
G enera l San Mariin 3 ; bl ue fifteen c en ts The Post m aster Gen eral S enor
’
.
-
,
'
‘
Posadas ( h a s au t hority over a l l the p ost m a st ers in the fo urteen Argentine
,
Provin ce s the y are 1 6 0 in 1 n um be r O n the r ight of the «pati o

'
,
e . s a ie .
h ung around t he w a l l a l p ha be tica l list s o f letters not ye t called for w it h

'
'
the prope r nu m ber atta ched 1 Stran gers m ust eith er produce a d o cu m ent .
of thei r identity or se e k a ssist a nce at the S ta nda i d ofiice cl os by a t 7 4 Cal l e '
,
e , ,
Bel gra no The h ous e at pr esent o ccupied by the Correo Wa s b uilt by D on

. 1
Martin Rodrigue z de Ve ga ; w ho b e queath ed it for benefit of the Ejercicios

n ow to pur chas e t h e Bolsa a n d co n
'
vert it into a
g
asylu m It is p rop ose
'
. .
post office The first orreo established in Buenos Ay res w as by D 0 11

-
.
Do m ingo Ba sabil va so in 1 7 4 8 : ,
1
The Pol ice D ep a rtm en t 1 3 in Pla za Victoiia ; the Ch ief of Police ha s t w o ' ’
s ecret ari e s a t re asure r 2 8 clerks tw o physi cians a j ai l er a w a tchm ak e r ,

l ‘
, , , , ,
2 1 co m m issaries 1 1 7 s ergeants 1 2 9 v igilantes and 2 40 se re i The city ‘
,
ios , ,
.
is divided into 1 4 Sections , each of w hic hIS under the car e of a com m issary ,
w ho an ests o ffenders , an d levi es fin e s f r breach of m uni cipa l regulations
'
o
.
W hen he arrests anyone he must send m a re ort of Sa me W iih i l tw t

i four
p
e
p y
-
1 1 1 1
22 p unu c D E P A RT M E NT S .
H i fi fl ii
’
‘
3 1
open to the pub lic , free on all w eek day s fr om 1 0 A M to 2 p M No , ,

. . . .
”
sm ok in g o r conversation a ll ov Th e ave 1 a ge attendan ce of v is ito rs dot
'
Ve d
‘ ‘
es .
n ot exc ee d a dozen dail y The l ibr ar was est ab l ishe d b lil ore nol n 1 8 1 0
’ ‘ '
y
.
,
but 'suffe re d ’a ft erw a rds to fal l into decay In 1 8 22 t ere w ere 2 0 000 .
,
vol umes 11t m onl

y 1 5 0 0 0 S i nce t h e l atter date it has bee nm uch
’
incre a se d "
.
, ,
a 11 d the p ublishers o f al h av
e to
'
,
“
prese nt a copy Th er e IS a co m plete colle cti on of a l l n ew spapers p ub l ished
.
h e re and m Mo n tevide o .
Th e Cha m be f s of the L egisl a ture of Bue nos Afi e s h a ve th eir p ri nc i p al

e ntrance l n Call e Peru , w ith a side entran ce for the public m Calle Mor en o ,
’
n ext the State Lib ra r y Th e C ham ber 1 S s m all but elegant int h e sh ap e of .
,
a n a m p hith e at re din l y l ight ed fro m the ro of Th e President an d Secre

‘ i '
'
.
,
taries of t he C h amber sit

'
Th e gaTl erie s for the p

‘
Senators and D epu ties m e et h e ‘
attend w he n su m m on e d The .
he re th e m e mbe rs t ak e m ate T here gs asuite of '

.
an d o ffi cials The L egislature is co m p os e d of t

.
fi fty Deputies ele cted by the various partidos or electora l distri cts of th e
,
"
Provin ce of Bu eno s A y res Th e THa l l in 1 8 2 2 by Don
'
.
,
Prospero Catelin and repaired 1 11 1 8 6 4 It o ccupies the court y ard o f the

,
.
-
old J e s uit build ih g standi n on t he ex ac t s ot form ehl y o ccu pie d by th e

' ’ ‘
'
p ,
du ngeo n 1 i 1 w hich th é fol l ov ve rs of t h e fa m ous ca ciqii e Ti ip a c Am ara w e re

'
' ’
'
con fin ed afte r t h ei r att e mpted re vol utio n in 1 7 8 0

“h " 1 1 1
1 ‘
i‘ i r f fl il 1
’
ll
‘ ‘
M H "
T O PdG RAPHIC 0
J " 1 4
a The Top ogra p h ic D ep a rtm e nt is m th e pr em ise s form erl y ot e d t e the

"
Tr ib unal o fiC om m er ce t o w hi c h ac ce ss is gain ed by a steep ase fro m
,
:
Calle Peru Thi s office Wa s founded by R ivad avi a in and 1 8 m an age d
’
'
.
hy Don Satur nino Salas a nd an e fhciéht staff of ci vil engin ee rs c m p n sm g

'
'
p
w ~
,
Me ssrs Ge rm a if Kuh 1’ Pe dro Be noit Ant onio Malav er l an d Ign acio

'
‘
,
—
, ,
'
C asa ge m a s This depart m ent p ubl ish e d in 1 8 66 an ad irab le
.
m m a p six
feet by four a n d a h alf— iof th e Provin ce of Buenos A y r es sh ow ihgm inutel y
-
'
ev e r y e sta ncia and all the natur al feature s of the various par t id os It also
'
'
.
p u blished in 1 8 6 7 a si m ilar m a p of the cit y and suburbs The b h sin e ssof
th e ollice is to keep a correct re gister of the sub divisions of propert y to

'
'
exa m ine and approve all surv ey s of lan d to gi ve licens es for buil dihg ,
houses in tbw n and to m ake w ha tever charts m aps or p l ans m ay be

‘
, , ,
r e quired iby the authorities It also se rve s a s an a cade myfor sur ve y ors , .
T A TE
S
“H
AR C IVES m co fiiussu m r .
‘
23
ho h ave to uh de rgo a se ire re ‘
t heory an d practice o f
'
s ur veying be fore being all o w e d to pra ctise the ir profession T he chief o f

t h e d e p art m e n t has a sal a ry of $ 6 0 0 0 a m o nth ! ,
Th e -D ep a rtm ent of Sch ools adj oi ns t h e l ast m ent ioned a nd i s under t he -

,
cha rge of D onMan uel J : Pena l Here are de p o sit ed the sup pl ie s of book s
a n d furnit ur e for t he St ate schools Afte r th e fall of R osas in 1 8 52 Dr
.
, ,
.
Vicent e F idel L o p ez w a s na m ed Minister o f Instruct i on a 1 d undert ook t o

'
1 ,
re m od el th e sys te m o f ed ucation : in O ct ober of sa m e ear th e D epart m en t

y
-
o f S chool s w a s es t abl ished Don Santiago E str ad a 1 5 th e p resent Ins pe ctor

.
o f Schoo ls
“
.
The Sta te Arch ives are in the sa m e b u il din g under the dir ectio n of Do n ,
M anuel R : Tr elles assisted by sev en clerks : h er e a re k ept the y aiuabl e

,
‘
r ecords of Buenos Ayres Sin ce the C onqu est w hic h thro w ,
h istor y of the Vi ce r oya lty of La Plata a n d the n e ighbo

-
Sp an ish A m erica I m port ant docum e nts an d title deeds

.
-
Pa ragua y , T uc um an the C uyo prov inces a n d th e Ban da O ri en tal stil l

, , ,
re m ain in this depart m ent S r Tre l l es a l so publish es a half ye arly vol i1 1i1 e
. .
-
o f stati stics refe rr ing to the Pro vin ce of Bu enos Ayre s : t he info rm atio n at
t his dispo sal is sode fe e t ive th at hiseffo rt s are the m ore cr e dita bl e The
'
e—
.
,
scont ént s of t he arc hive s a r ? bu ndles of do cumen ts 6 1 67 ac co unt

a
, ,
book s, pr inted books and pamph lets a n d a m im be r bf p eriodi cal s ,

.
'
of an cient re co r d s
'
m dl S ta tisticé l fi epa rbfient , it uate at

f
c ie Na tii ~
s 64 Ca l l e
WOm n a r ia t Gem m l 4 This d epa rt m ent wa fform e rl y situ at e in C all e

s
-
.
Bol iv ar adj oin i ng the Pr ovincial Go vernment house ; it is n ow l o c a ted 1 n

o
the Nation al Gov ern ment h ouse Pla z a Ma yo The Com m 1 ssa ry General
-
,
.
-
D on Jose Lui s A madeo ha s to contra ct for an d e xamine all supplie s o f

,
pro visions cl othi ng & c for th e ar m y a nd n ary , as w ell as forthe frien dly
, ,
.
,
Indi an tribes of Ca fuc ura Colique o and o t her s on the frontier Tender s
”
l , ,
for such su p pl ies i nust be lodged at this offi c e ,
order for p aym ent w hen th e goo ds h ave be e

“
-1 ,
rusm c,p
, nra nr m s r sw 1 1
1 1 m ,
C APITA NIA
M
n u n
1 .
The Pa rque , or Ar tille ry ; agaz ine , situat e in :t he ; Pl az a al l a rque covors

, ,
1
an e nt irp « cuadra It w as,fou nded by t he fa m ous patriot Moreno ; w h o

.
. t
serve d as Min ist er of W a r in the epoch of I nde p e ndenc e Th e collectio n o f .

'
m o r e re m arkab l e for an ti q uity tha n useful ne ss ! m ost of the m bein g
nz e p 1 e ccs of t h e Sp aniards w ith qua int ins criptions e— hl l l t im a r ati o

,
-
r egu m « El Rey Carlos

m e h iz o & Vi sitors re : ad m itted gratis a d
11
,
c a .
,
. .
,
the st ranger w il l b e am use d to see th at s m oking is not proh ibited : i
m agaz i ne ho w ever is s a id t oc onta in no po w der Can non balls a re wp i

"
, ,
led .
u p in the y a rd an d the ol d gu n s are expose d to t h e in cl e m e n cy oi t h e

'
‘ ’
, _
w ea ther : som e interesting old cann ons are st ill seen at so m e of t he street
corners t hro u gh t o w n The po w der depots are outside the city , nea r
.
,
.
Paler m o The Parque has seve n large store roo m s i n one o f w h i ch w a s

.
-
,
r ec en t ly ke pt o ne of Krupp s stee l guns ; t here are also fi y e Works hops , a

’
and a n u m be ro f ap a rt m e nts j or guse of th e o ffic ial s an d

‘
,
,
The
o C h a l l , 111
ngress Pl az a Mayo w as erected by Pre side nt ; Mitr e 3
-
,
’
Gove rnme nt forthe fir st u nit e d Arge ntine par l iam e nt on t he rem ov a l of 1t h e

m
.
etrop olis t o Bue osA n y res an d in au g urated in May , 1 The fr ont is .
5
1114 11 1
1 11 1 unp re tn
e din g the c h ie f en tr a n ce sur m o u nte d b y t he Nati o na l , ,
ar m s co nsists of th ree 1 ro1i gates ope n i ng i nto a m arbl e port ion, aud1 0 ul y , ,
th e me mb ers of Congress publ i c dignitaries or F oreig n Min iste r s are

, ,
a d itte d y thi
m b s a cc ss
e The right w ing of t he b ui
. . l din g us d evot ed to th e
use o the Pub 1ic Cr e e p ar

, f ,
[ .
d i t D t me nt fl and onthe l e ft 1 s; t he , en tran ce ! for t h e x
p ubl ic to the ga11erie sof the ,Hal l 1 Congre ss is co mposed oi Y ica Preside nt .
,
'
Alsi na 2 8 Sona ta s , and 4 9 Dep uties th ere b ei ng tw e senators for! e a ch

—
. n
.
n , ,
1 e
a 1
p v ce 1and De p
r o i n ,
uties i n
,
t h fol l o w ing r atio B ue no s Ayr e s 1 2 C ordo ba 6 , ,
Cor ri ent es 4 :8a11 t iago 4 , Tucu ma n 3 Cata marc a 3 S alta ;

, Sa n Juan 2 ,
:
,
.
Me ndoz a 2 , Sa nLuis 2 J m a y 2 R ioj a “ , En tr e Bios 2 , Sant a F e 2 Th e

f Ma y a 11d close i n O ctober b ut t he
, ,
s ess i ons op en in t h e firs t w eek o re IS ,
usua1l y aniex traordinary sessio n ti ll N ove m ber to co nclude the current

busi ness of, the year The D eputies re ce 1 ye a sal ary of $ 4 ,QOO S p er M
a nnu m : so m
. .
e of the m reside altogether in Buenos Ayre s

'
The Na tiona l Cre dit Office w as organiz ed on 1 6 th Nov em ber , 1 8 6 3 an d , ,

.
comm en ce d its l abors on J anuary 2 nd boar d b e ing co m po sed of ,
M essrs Li . ionsGo nzalez A l ej o Aro cen a Ma nuel Z av a leta J osé Maria Cant il o , , ,
,and Martin Est ra da wit h the fo ll ow ing e mployees : D on Juan D o m inguez

,, ,
se cr etary ; D on Alfons o de M a1 ia D on Ra m on Be z aba l book

.
, ,
keeper; D 0 11 Cipriano Q ues ada , assistant clerk The a c counts i m m ediately .

26 131111 11 1 0 nnrx nrm
' '
rs .
$ 2 ,6 40 ,0 0 0 nr
e; si nking fun d to $ 92 0 0 0 0
ian d t h e Th e English l oah f
'
to -
,
: 1 :o
11 8 2 6 , to Bue n os Ayr e s, (w as a lso a p rovincial tide bt unt i

l a ssu m e d by the
‘ ‘
n a tion 1 1 8 64 11 .
s oflice in Ga ll e Ma yo
’
The Gap imnia ,

‘
or C a pt ain of sthe Por t

’
:
,
-
,
IPaSe o i J ul i
'
b
‘
p sit the E l i h iC h u h i h not her ntr nce ”

op o e n g s : r c ,]w t a : e a .
y o -
.
The o ffi c es are open fro m 1 0 A M t o 4 P M hl l foreign v ess el s arriving

‘
‘
'
’
. . .
fro m be y on d the se a s h a ve to sen d their Bil l of fi e a l th b efore b eing a llo w e d r i
t o co m m unic a te w it h t he shore : the c apt a ins h v e lso o l arr i va l

'
decl r n
‘
a a t a e o
fl roine
W h a t c a rgo they bring ; t o W h o m c onsi gned ; d at e of d epa rtur e f ro m
a n d a rri v a l here , if they br ing p a ssengers a list Of sa rri

. e m ust be ent e re d l n
the C a pit a ni a books a nd a n y lett ers a re h a nded ov e r to th e br a nch Post

,
‘
onic e 111 this b uilding I f t he vessel b e JArge nt ine g or b elonging t o a fl a g

.
th a t h as no Con Sul h e re al l her p a p ers m u st b e lo d ged a t the C a pit ania

'
,
’
.
Th e ca pt a i ns h a ve a lso -to report ex a c tly oni the c

”
ondition o f th eir v ess els .
Sig n a l fl a gs a re used t o co m m unic at e w ith the p ent oon C a st elli in the ouii
“
er i
'
e
ro ads Th eUC ap ita n ia has a d u nge on for refra ct or y s ailors : a guard i s

' ’ ’
i
. 1
a l wa ys? m o u nt ed on th e Pa se o J ulio e ntr a n ce C ol on el Bust il l osdia s a s taff

’
‘
i: h é h a s
'
o f t w elve o ffi c i a l s an d thir t y six s ailors w ieh t h re e t

i t b ’
e
‘
: s s a e a rg s - w
,
“
re ce ntly re ce ived j uri sd ict i o n ov e r a l l the C apit a n i a s of t he R ep ubli c Th e
‘
.
v
br a nch Post o nic e r e c eive s l e t t e rs for Mo nt evide o &e up lt o hal f an h our

-
,
For an y m att er s befor e or a ft er h ou rsfa p l y a t

‘
b efor e sail in g of s t e a mer

' ’
p
'
.
t he Ay ud an t ia 1ie x t the gu a rd hous e at the Pa se o J ul io No on e is a ll ow e d

‘ ’
- .
,
t o 'ga l l op by t h e Cap it a nia f
1 MU1N ICIPAL IT Y ,f L AW t C OU RT S .
f
Th e Municip a l ity ,
or sal oonove i the
Corpor a tion hol ds its ,
m e e tings ina
‘
'
‘
i s}?c arte r da t e s f rom 3

it is c ‘
om pose d of a
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h
'
t v '
e
'
’
P esident thirteen e b ers and f i p l i
i ach r i h
'
” r , m m , ; t w e nt y
é our i'
c s u e t e s 1
p a s :
furnislie s a m e m b er , and the <<sup l e nt é s>1 are e l é bfie d to t ak e h is

' '
fl
' '
‘
'
s
The Mi ni st er bf l n t erior is a n eifoi

7 '
c a se l i iicio
“ }
presid e nt , but n n e ve r y the Prov nci l G ve n e
i o n iei
ich
'
r
‘
'
t i
'
.
‘
e ar - a m
'
n a m ing the iTh e re iare fivo

‘
~ ' «
s e creta r ie s; ei gh t ee n clerks ; an d th re e Th e ir e v e iiue l e x ceEds

‘ ‘
'
ann um fia n d is sp e nt iii th is m a nne r: hos p it al an d l u na t ic

'
a sylu m
$ 2 0 0 0 , serenos &c $ 2 0 0 0 ; 0 0 0 ; sch ools $ 1
, , , ,
s c a venger ca rt s clerk s and fire w o

,
rks , $ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ; p aving , , ,
&c : it em s of i ncom e are — 1b l i lottery 3 4

’
‘ ‘
p 1 o , ,
Sc re no t a x, $ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 m arket st a ll s, 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 m at a de ros , 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ;
; $ , , ; 3
- »
G O BE S OF T .
L AW . .
l ic ense s th e , 00 0 0 00 For e igne rs a re som et im e s e le cte d to se rve on

.
,
. .
the Bo ard b ut t e y gen era lly res ign The st re et l ight i ng is d one by th e
Gas Co mpa ny
h ,
th er e a re 1 7 2 2 l a m ps for w hich th e c o mpa ny l ev ie s “

.
'
. -
p a ym ent a t e a ch house In th e suburbs ther e are . oil l am ps ,
be long ing to the Municip ality The n eglect ed s ta t e of the cit y 1 .

-
uri bl e of e i a ge rat ion a nd e a ch s uc c eed ing Boa rd thr o w s al l th e

susce p t i g
,
b l am e o n the pre ce ding on e The Co rpor a tion of 1 8 6 8 w a s expe ll ed b y

.
a n in di gn a t ion m eetin g of th e c it iz e n s w h o fo rm e d a Co m m itte e of Public ,
He a lth in its r oo m ; b u t t h e Boa rd w as re insta ted by Gove rnm ent sh ortly

ds A b ette r el ection of m e m b e rs 1 5 ho ped for the ye a r 1 8 6 9
,
a ft er w a r .
Archbzs h op s Pa l ace i s a h a n ds o m e t w o s to ry edifi ce n ext th e

’
The ,
C a thedr a l the r ec ept ion h a ll in the u pper story is a m a gnifi ce nt a p a rt

.
, ,
m ent w ith a bust of Pope Piu s IX a n d so m e pictures

, The bu ilding w a s
.
co m plete d in Apri l 1 8 6 2 s ince w h e n t he A rchbishop re s id es here a long

, ,
w ith his sec reta ry ch a pl a in a nd th r e e o th er cl e rgy m a n

Courts of L a w —There a re t he ordin a ry Court s of Prim e r a In st a ncia in
, ,
.
the C ab ildo w her e civi l and cri m inal ca use s are tri e d : a tt ach e d to t hes e
,
C ourts a re the ofiice s of th e escriba nos or not arie s f0 1 al l j u dic ia l p ro ce ed ,

‘
ings tr a nsfer of pro p erty th e

,
m ost of t h e e scri banias da te b a c k m a ny
,
(
ye a rs a n d h a ve r e co rds fro mt he seventeenth a nd eigh t ee nth ce ntur ies ,

,
b eing us ed a s reg ist ry o ffice s 1 n al l m atters of a ssign m ent m ortg age &c , ,
.
Th e Tribun al of Co m m erc e is next to t he Topo gr a ph ic D epa rt m ent in C alle ,
Peru ; it s pro ce edi ng s a re guide d by the « Codigo de Com er cio » fr am ed for

Buenos Ayr es T e S erior T ri b un a l of J u sti ce is com p o se dof t e n j udges
h u p .
,
a n d sits in th e C ab il do , t o h e ar a p pea l s f r om the o rdina ry ci v il c r im inal , ,
a n d co m merc i a l Co urts : i t ha s im medi a te j uri sd ic tion ov er t he J ustices of

Pe ac e 1 1] th e a m p a nd h a s 11 Fis ca l o r A tt orn ey yGe ne ral t w o r epo rt ers
c
-
, , ,
a n ota y an oth er e m l oye e

r d , p s E ach of t he J udge s h a s a s al a ry of
8 6 0 0 0 a ,
m onth E ver
. y S a turd a
y they v is it th e pr ison s t o s e e t h e pr i sone r s an d h ow ,
their c a ses s ta n d; b ut the p ro ce edin s of this an d the ot he r C ourts are s o g

.
t ediou sth a t a !rc fo rm is tuneh ca l l ed for Th e « C od e of t he Indie s, » a n d .

,
other obsolet e S a s
p msh ta t utes w ere h i thert o the sol e sy st e m of p roc ed ure
,
but so m e n e w c odes ha v eb ee n c o m p iled a n d w ill s hort l y be a dopt e d ;In th e .
ca m p th er e a re t hree tri b una ls ; on e at San N i co l a s , n orth one a t Mercedes ,

'
w est a n d on e a t D olores south : these are ofte n ba dly a ttended to a s

, , ,
th e re a re fe w l a wye rs 1 11 to w n w il lin g t o t a k e such r es p onsibil ity for a poor

re m uner ation The High Court of J ustice is one of th e sup re m e po w ers of
.
the St a te vi z : thc E xecut ive Le g isl a tiv e a nd J ud ici a l a nd t he G overn a
men t c annot i n
.
, , ,
t
e rf e re in its a ff a irs w h ich s e c ur es t o t h e tri b u n a l perfec t
,
liberty of action The public n ever a tten d the h e a ring of l a w s uits , and
.
28 P B U LI C '
A D EPARTBIENT S .
the : proc e edings w e re al toge the r secret : by dec re e of N ove m ber

for m erly i
Pr e side nt Sa r m ie nto h as orde red th e F isc a l to p ub11 sh al l s hits 1 11

'
5
a one of th e da ily p a pers There t ria l by Ja ry

‘ f
-
.
,
p
'
ros e c u ti
o n fo r se d iti o n o rfl ib el ? W itness e s
'
‘
1in writing ; inste a d of or a ll y, "

.
1 The Presid en t -
" :
d ci t ion in c se s f P rotest nts s eeking im a rri a g
e lice nse
‘
a o a a 1 .
F ed er a l Gou it a dj om s th e Provincial Govern me n tJh ou se in ,
A l l matters in ‘
'
'
it w a s est a blished in 1 8 6 3 a n d consist s of fi ve J u dges

'
f
1
, .
w hich fore igne rs a r e i z on ce rn e d eith e r a ga inst the Go v ern m en t or riv at e

p a rties : or q ue stions ibe t w e e n a ny of the F ede ra l provi nce s a re fi nhl l y p
” '
,
'
, .
dec ided by th is Court to w h ich a lso , t here is a ppe a l fro m al l other ,
t ribun a l s .
6
Aca de m y of J urisp rude nce founded J a n ua r y l 6 th 1 8 1 5 , b

.
,
C a stro The institut e is under the di rection o f t he 171 111t

'
a n d m eets t w ic e a we ek a t th e Un ive rsity
l a wsu its t ak e pl ace

as D oc to r o f L e w i
s
Th e st udents m ust ha ve
a n d ca nn ot pr ac
'
wh
ti se at their p rofession
.
“ ‘
” '
,
'
y e a rs at te n d an c e at t he Ac a d em y? Th e se ssm n I S from Ma rch to N ov

'
em b er '
"
.
Th e a ve ra ge nu m b er o f st ud en ts is thi rty fi ve Th e re a re 1 20 advoc ates

' '
- -
5“11
.
( in
l
I
0
n oann; or 11 13 11 1 1 111 , L O T T ER Y ,
°
C I1 Y
' ‘
1111 1 5 0 11 5 .
. ol F oa my of Me dim nb, fou nde d in

:
s F ern a nd e
by D r . z Mont see ,
e o ca
Go me z a n dOrt iz vel ez ””Th

'
e ,
.
1bo ard at hp re se nt eonsist s o ei gh t professors e i li

:
i ‘ '
'
r g
'
t su b sn t ut e s d a ,
‘ ec
s r e t a r y;
‘hn d re s ide i
s at 1
53 C al l
’
e
'
C or rient e s
'
:
t h e
’
st udi’
e s com n se
p
J ol ihica l surg e y op er at ions m idw rfe ry di se a s es o f women an d chil dre n
j l
'
( ’ ‘
r ,
'
, ,
that e fia m e dica t h e rape ut ics p h a rmacol o

"
no ogra p hy p a t hol ogy
‘
i
, , ,
V a n a to m y m edic a l j u ris rud en ce ph siol o e

y gy & f T h ter m f st u die s i
'
’
p ,
c o s
, ,
for ‘six year s; t he onl y de gree given bein g th at of M 111 1 81 13 13 11 precti

1 u
'
l t it me rs al th ohg h h a ving dip l om a s from E u rop e an un

’
'
‘ ’
ive rs1 t ics a re n ot
' ’
'
'
, ,
ll
a ow ed t o > ra ct ise w itho u
p
‘
t pr
i e v ious exa m in at i o n c f t he F a c ul ty 0
Me dicine a nd m t hiS t h e ir ch ief difiicul t y w ill be t h e Spa n ish l a n gu a ge

‘
' ‘
' '
'
.
,
Th e a ca de m i c l ye a r begi
a n s on l st Ma rch ; the e x a minat ibns co m m enc e on
l
' ’
D ece m ber 1 st a fter w hi ch there i s va cation The School Of medi cin e 1 5

,
.
‘
Opposite Sa n Tel m o church a n d vva s b u ilt in 1 8 5 8 ou t of t he p r o c ee ds bl ,

‘ ‘
‘
iine s levied from fore ign ph ys ici a ns a poth e c a ries rs
'
.
, ,
Th ere a re t w d‘ l a rge l e ct nre roo m s a l ibra ry; a

'
‘
,
n a t u r a l hi st o
fl
ry a n d a s m a ll mus eu m ; be sides
’ '
‘
,
m 1.
conferring of degrees
' f 1
. 1
.
.
0 P U BL I C PART M ENT S
’
DE .
«1 1 1 31 6 u v m 1 . r u l li
' '
“
H
'
l
“
1
T eh M u se um f o B ue n os A yr e s i
s perha p s. the ri ch es t ,
in th e iw orl d l n ant e ,
d il u vian foss il r em ain s , an d o n lat e y ears it h a s b e en 1 ca re f ull y ma naged by

t he ; distinguish ed Ger m a n: sa va nt, Profe ss or Bur m eister It is sit uat e i n
C a l l e iPe ru ,; corne r of Calle Poto si , o p posite t h e Ol d M ark e t : Biva dav a
’
'i
x i
.
" ‘
w a s the fo und e r of th e Mu seu m (De ce mber 3 1 a nd it fi rst Occ u pi e d

t he upper stor y of Sa nt o Do m ingo m on aster y Durin g the rule of Rosas it
w a s ,m uc h n e glected the onl y valuable collec t ion be i ng 7 3 6 min eral
' ‘
sp eci m ens brought from Fran ce In 1 8 5 4 the Society of Natural Hist ory Of
.
ions quickl y poured m fro m all q uarters .
t he M e n d oza ) lent goo

. d
br ou gh t he Prussi an
'
c lassify ing the obje cts of exh ibition Dr B ur m eister di vides ,

.
There 1 is no w ork of
'
th re at hea d s : -
a nd sci e n t ifi c !
'
art o f any m erit bu onl y so e d raw ing s or c p é e

p ict re s xe cuted 113 3 '
t
,
m o i s o f u
“ Flo ence and Ro
st ude nt s ise nt to r m e at th e ex p e ns e of the i Nat iOn a l i
G overn me n t ; al so : a fe w portraits of di st in guished individu als w h ich

—
,
—
,
se v e for cu rio si t ie s In t h hi st ri c sec t io n a e f three E tia n m iim i s i

r s e . o r gyp ll r e
“
suppose d to be about 4 0 0 0 y ears old s om e gPeruvia n vase s prior to t he
‘
' '
, ,
Span i sh c onqu e st w ith gold a nd sil ver i dols and so m e m u m m ie s : i t hése

, ,
'
Ind 1 an sepulchres are also fou nd in San Juan Rioj a ; ,
Senor Lozana has presented t w o Per o via

colle c ti on of c oin s nu m bers 4 1 5 from
Pius it w a s purchase d ih Fra nce fer ‘
re a re t w ent y o r
t w o en am el l ed pict ures o f the conquest of Me m co ; s upposed artist Migu e lH
G onz ales ; it w a s pre sented by Mr W Ia ck inl a y The stan dard of Juan d e
“
. .
Gar ay use d at the fou nd ati on of B ue no s A y res w ith t w o old s w ords of that
“
,
da te Am ong m odern relics : is the w rit in g desk of Rivada via a nd his

'
c o ilin g Gener al L a valle s ’

orn am en t al w h eel barro w of th e :
“
-
.
So u t her n ra i l wa also a n i nfernal m achine used t o att e p t m

'
y m a ug u ra t l o n p
t h e assassinat ion of Ro sa s The m ost v al uable coll e ction 1 8 t ha t of natural
.
sc1 e nce ,r com p r1 s1 ng l z ool ogica l s p e ci m e n s of the p r esent ti m e a n d ante :

-1
dil uvian fossils of anim als n o longe r [know n on eart h M Br avard counts . .
fift y s p e cim ens of the lat ter found in Buenos A y res We have a co m pl ete .
« Megatheriu m presented b Dr Mu n iz the hi d art of ia « M lo d on

n p y - »
, y , .
Tm : m use um s } .
1 3L
r obustus » ;fo und by D r Burme ist er n e ar th e Rio Sa l ado a nd t h re e kinds of

.
-
,
« M l od
y o n te s
b esi de s is
,
« S e lidot he ri um »
c a c o m plet e « Gl ptodon »
y
-
presented by D o n David L anata the he ad of a « Tox y don and the fossil , ,
t e eth: of a n a n t e f dil uy ia n h orse from the Sala do The « m a m m iferi»

' '
,
; ,
.
com pris e s ixty e igh t k inds i n l 1 0 spe cim ens of w hich fort y belong to th e
'
'
- '
,
’
Sa n Martin co l l ectio n r ecentl y p urgh ase d xin Franc e : t he m ost im p ort ant is
‘
t h e «Pi ch i ci ego » or
, — r e t usus »
. There ar e "b ir d .
_
sp ec im e ns of 50 0 diffe rent ki nds one h al f fr om the Sa n Ma rt in colle ct io n ,
t h e r e st from E uro pe Br az il an d the prov inc es The fish and a ul p hibious

'
f
, , , .
speci men s are of l it tl e valate The inse cts co m p rise a splendid vari e ty of
c
.
-
Braz il ian butterflies w h ich ca n uo t h o w e ver b e e x p ose d to t h e light but are

, ,
k e pt in a dark roo m In B otan y w e ha ve sa m pl e s o f the bea ut iful w ood s

.
of Paragu a and an « h e r bariu m » of E uropea n p l a n ts im p ort e d fro m ,
Franc e 1 There is a v al uable c as e of m in e ra ls fro m :Chile , pr e sent e d by the

.
la te Mr B arra tt ; a box of g eologi ca l stra t a pe r fo rat e d in M e ssr s

.
d
. ,
,
’
Sorde a ux s a rt e sia n w e l l of Barracas ; a fossil w il l ow trunk p re se nted b y
'
Se nor Pe drie l In the p orti co of the Museu m m a y be seen a n e xt ra m

.
d i n ary w ooden anchor m ounte d w ith lea d th i s,

b elonged to the V e rm e jo .
exp edi tion of Mr Chene y Hick m an w ho des cended that river in 1 8 5 2 but
.
, ,
di e d o f d ysentery ou t he j oy age and w as b uried on th e Gran Chaco shore '

‘
.
The re a re als o sundr y frag m ents Of a fos sil w h al e w hich re m i nds us t hat ,
such re m ains have be e n found as fa rz inl nnd as P ara n a ci ty 50 9 m il es fro m z

,
the o ce a n , e t a depth of s ixt y feet in th e barr an ca or bluff Dr Burm eiste r “

. . . ;
has published a scie nt ific disse rtation on P al e on to log y ; w ith sp e ci al

‘
»
_
referenc e to the ante diluvia n treasures of Bue nos Ay re s ; a nd conip l iuie n

-
.
‘
t a r y al lusions t o th e Englis h g eol ogist s L y ell Da r w e n Ow e n 1and

‘
‘
-
,
.
,
.
,
al so a n e ssa y on « Pata gonian

_ s .
ill ust ra te d m zrit h fouri
‘
~
.
h andso m e des ign s by the ill fated Bravard Respe cting the Picafl or or -
.
, .
h u m m ing bird h e give s eleven c l asses as in h ab it ants o f th e RivEl Pl a te a nd

-
y
‘ '
Par agu ay ; a lth ou g h Aiara r e d uce s th e nu mber t o si x ; He has a l so an es sa y f
on m ost abun dant fossi l s foun d in the coun tr y 5 Dr

‘
‘ '
s . .
B ur m e ist e r is m e m ber of t w ent y s ix differe nt l itera ry s o cieties in cl u d in g " -

' '
so m e of t he hifgbe st ID G rea t Brita in : and Nor t h Anie rica JVal ua bl e

' ‘
'
'
i L s
a c qu si ns re m a de from t im e to tim e wheneve r the G ve r

i i e
'
t o a
'
o nm ‘
n t ica n l
,
S uppl
y D r B ur m e ister w ith f nds
u fo r t he pu r p o se : In J une 1 86 7 an
_
’
co m plet e fossil m onster c a lled « Gly p to don Tube rcul a tusw w a s doun d ne at ”
Vill a Mer ce des a nd p ur ch ase d for $ 1 5 0 0 0 About t he sam e t im e t w a s ,

.
b ought a coll e ct io n of f e ighty se ve u s t uffe d birds and anim als fro m M

. - .
C h an al e t for the sum of

8
'
, 3 5 0 0 0 m T h e t o t a l colle c ti on in the M use u m

,
.
m ay b e s um m e d u th us : z oolo i ca l spec i me ns 11 6 29 sam pl es of m in e ‘
p g
.
, ,
25 m e m e 1 DE P A R M ENT S
T .
obj ect s} of a nt iquity and fi ne a Th é

'
l ,l )3 0 ; 1coins
y
' '
ral og rt sU BOfl
'
n '
Mu
'
se um 1 5 op e n fr ee of c har ge on all fS un day s and hol idays b et w ee n the

'
1
,
1 1 1 1 11 3
hours of 1 0 and 2 1 t : 1 1
1 3 11 1 o 1 1
. 1
1 1 1 1
“ e
. ,
The Unive rsi y of Bue nos Ay res adj oins th e Mus um also for m in g p art zof
'
t i
’
'
,
the blo ck ori ginally b uilt by the Jesuits I t w a S founde d on A ugust 9t h ; 1 >
"
’ '
. . .
1 82 l f 1 by Go ve rno r
s
,
.
- l
inaugurat iOn t ook p l a ce on the 1 1 2 th of sa m é m ont h )i n t h e 1

' ’
'
( f
r
D r x Ant onio S uarez b eing s worn in a s first Re cto r The pr em is es w er e use d

'
‘ 4
. .
I t is at present unde r t he dire ct ion of

'
a s a fbarra ck m n til Very re cently

’
‘
a ' »
'
f k
.
D r J ua n 1 Mar ia Gutie rre 2 ,e ; a d isting uished scholar

. ) . and th e staff :of 1
' '
-
,
profes sor s is e qua11y re sp e cta bl e f The studie s e m brace t h e u sual cl as si c

'
‘
~
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a n d sc ie ntifi c co urs e s ,b esi des m odern languag e s and de gr ees are given in 1 '
,
“
theology } la w and m e dicin e There is a library for the st ude nt s
,
. J '
,
co m prising over 2 0 0 0 w o rks pres ented b y th e rec t or a nd othe r don or s ;

, ,
»
‘
i
A com p l ét e r che niica l apparat us w ith el e ctric battery , &c ha s be e 11
' '
1
"
.
,
r e c e ntly br o ught out fro m I t al y M

.
iimmc
a
The :Col e gz o Na ciéna l for m erly th e Je su it College haS Isp a cious p rem is e s
'
"
:
, ,
a djoi ning the Chur ch iof San I gna ci o

'
Up to 1 8 63 it w as u sed a s a n
' '
‘ ' fi
.
e v D r : A guer oa n d C anon
Eccl e ia st i
s ci w under th e direct i on of R ,
.
An e iros a n d contained ninety studen t s G eneral Mi t re s Gave rn ie nt

’
— n
"
.
,
. .
c onverted it into a Hea d Gra mm ar School for E ll m utine provi nce s :

,
c on fid i ng its m anage m ent to Me rs Ja cque s l and Cosson : each province is

'
”
1
ss .
a llo w e d to send a certa i n nu mber of b oys fo I

'
r education , w ith boa rd and

V
’
lodging agra t iS z The spher e of s tudies is analog b us to that of t he 1
U niversity 1 . . 1
Th er e : are t w o city Model Séh ool s : th at : called Cat edral al N orte

“
,
“
in Cal l e B e conquista w as begu n l n May 1 1 8 59 by publ ic su ,
bs c rip tion } and ’ 1
sole m nly in augu rat e d b
y th e G ov e rnor o f B ue nos A yres ,P re sid e n t D e rq ui 0 e
,
“
an d e G n e r a 1 Urq u1 z a May 6 , 51 86 0 th e c il di e n of th e school s 1
,
2 t h h ,
1 '
,
a ssi sting to t h e n um be r of: The building is tast eful a nd Co mm odio us

‘
t h e l sch ool f room s {a re aspacious,} and ; w ell furn ishe d w ith m aps a nd b ook s
‘
' ‘
-
.
'
Be side sgth e ordin ary class es , there is one of pupil teacher s in trainin g as
‘
t -
:
m unic ip al ”s choo l m asters The ,b ra nch es of educatio n are scie n ce ,

-
. . . .
-
n
‘
v
m odern lang uages dr aw ing m usic ; &c The Mo del S ch ool of Catedra l a l
, ,
.
Surnw a s the be e n origin a t ed by D on

’
' ' '
'
D om ingo.Sarm ie ut o then D ire ctor ; of Schools ; a nd inaugurated on iAp ril

, ,
The fi r st bca rd of D ire ctors w as ; co m posed of : Me ssrs B o q ue 4

-
,
- t
,
.
3 4 R
C HU C HE S AN D m sr rr UT IO Ns .
OH AP . IV .
CH RCHESU AND ,
CH R A I T A BL E IN ST I T U TI O N S .
R E
CHU C H S .
T 11 12city is divided into e l even pa r ish es and conta ins so m e fi ne church es , .
B eside s the Cathedral there are fifteen church es six chapels of ease and
, , ,
four Protestant churches .
. The Ca the d ra l is situate in Pla z a V ictoria w ith a m assive colonnade and ,
fi ne front Its di m ensions are spaci ous rendering it one of the grandest:
‘
.
,
t e m ples in this continent “D on Jua n de G aray in 1 5 50 first m a rk e d out , ,

'
the site a n d ther e i s a tra dition that th e fi rst bricks m ade in the c ountry
, '
w ere d evoted to this church The Jesu i ts co mm en ced a la rger st ructur e

.
in 1 6 2 1 b ut it f ell in AD 1 7 5 2 and w a s rebuilt by the a rchite ct Rocha in

,
.
, ,
the for m that no w exists , exc ept ing the facade In 1 8 2 2 Se nor Ca t e l l in
. .
w as entrust ed w ith th e c o m pletion o f the w ork b ut this w as paralys e d ,
during forty ye ars of civi l w ar being only finished in 1 8 6 2 ,

The interio r ,
.
is i m posing th e nave pre senting a brilliant spectacle on feast day s w hen

, , .
cro w ded w ith a congregation nu mbering so m e tho usands and th e roo f

»
h ung w ith fl ags ta ken in the w ars against Spain an d B razil The high al tar .
stands nearly under th e do m e w hich w ith the cupola rises t o a height of

‘
, , ,
1 3 0 feet There are t w elve chapels in the aisle s possessing little in the
.
,
.
w a y of fi ne a rts A proper organ is m uch w anted a nd the choir is infe rior

.
,
.
The A rchb ishop s throne is on the right of the high altar t h e seats for the
’
c anons are of carved w ood Th e sacristy and baptistery are beyon d t he

.
CI T Y R E
'
C HU CH S . 35
right transept and ha ve a fe w pai ntings ; one w as a picture of m erit and an

,
artist took it a w ay leaving t he co py in its stead This side of th e churc h

,
.
co m m unicates w ith th e episcopal p alac e The A rchbishop ofiicia t e s on al l .
great feasts : th e la st Ma ss on Sundays an d h olidays is at O n th e

left si de are the hall s for us e of the Chapter and here a re the port ra its
, ,
of all the pre l ates fro m D r Ca rra n z a do w n to B ishop Medrano eighteen i n

.
,
nu mb er Four w er e nat ives of B uenos A yres (including the brother s

.
A rregui ) fi ve n ev er took possession of th e sea and six w ere re m oved or

, ,
d ied abroad O n May 1 2 th 1 6 2 2 Fray Pedro de Ca rran za Bishop of L a

.
, , ,
Plata and A postolic co mm issioner raised th is c h urch to th e rank of cathedral , ,
and w as its first pr e late In 1 86 6 th e se e w as c rea ted a n archbishopri c

.
,
under D r Maria no Escalada The ch a p t e r consists of nine canons and fo ur

. .
'
honor a ry canons ; b esides t en chaplains , and a doz en chorist ers and '
sacristans .
_ The M e rced at th e c orner

,
o f Calles Cangallo and Rec onquista w a s ,
built i n 1 7 6 8 an d had for m erly a con ve nt o f nuns att ached The convent
,
. .
i s now in charge of the S oc ied a d de Be u e l ice ncia w ho use it as a n ,

'
orphanag e : an annual baz aar is he l d for its suppo rt th e a rti cles o f needle , .
w ork be ing ad m irable The ch urch to w e r is used as a c ity observato ry

. .
Sa n Igna cio corner of Bolivar an d Potosi is usually calle d th e C ollege

, ,
,
church b ecause for m erly b elonging to the Jesuits w h ose college w a s

, ,
a longside A lthough th e Jesuit order w a s expe lle d in 1 7 6 7 th ey are still

.
,
allo w ed to k e ep schools in Bu enos A yre s but the ir colleg e has long bee n
expropriated by the State and is no w a secular school w ith a good staff o f
, ,
professors Th e exterior of th e church is very fine w ith t w o lofty t urre ts

.
,
the interior is rather so m bre .
S a n F ra ncisco corner of Pot0 8 1 and D efensa b elo n gs t o the Francisca n

, ,
m onastery and i s re m arka ble for r ichn ess of decoration The first m ention
,
.
o f F ranciscans in this city is about the yea r 1 5 9 4 and it s ee m s their c onven t ,
w as e stablished in 1 6 0 1 In the supp ression of religious orde rs i n 1 8 2 2

.
, ,
this co mm unity escaped b ut the convents of the sa m e o rder at the Recoleta

and San Pedro w ere s uppressed The co mm unity n o w consists of thirty .
m e ndica nt f ria rs The sacristy possess es so m e c urious ol d pictures The

. .
'
cloisters and corridors a re finely vault ed .
S an Roque is a chapel of ease adjoining San Francisco a n d s et apar t fo r

’
’
, ,
the especial u se of I rish residents C anon Fahy or anothe r of the I rish

'
.
,
c lergy c el e brates Mass and preach es in English e very Sun day at 1 1

, , ,
S a nto D om ingo corner of D efensa a n d Belgrano has a l arge n ave w ith

, , ,
aisles : th e high alta r and side chapels are richly gilt The D o m inican
. .
convent has a prior an d t w enty m endicant friars I t w a s established in .
Q2
36 CI T Y CHU CH R ES .
l 59 l and suppressed in 1 8 2 2 ; but in 1 8 3 5 F l ay Inch a urre gui received

, , ,
p e rm ission fro m G ove rn m en t to r e es tablis h the order Thi s chu rch -

.
p res erves rare and valu abl e t rophies w hi ch a re hu n g fro m the do m e on

'
certain feast days : th e y c onsist of four English fl ags taken from

W h it e l ock e s a r m y in [ 8 0 7 — 1111 artillery a r oyal m a ri ne a nd t w o in fa ntry
[
'
’
, ,
flags In one of the bel fry to w er s are seen t w e nty four cannon shot
.
'
-
,
thro w n by th e Engl ish fle et fi o m th e roadstead on the sa m e oc cas ion , .
So m e of the D o m inicans are ve ry abl e preach ers this church i s also .
r e ma rkable for th e sple ndor of its c ere m onials and processions

'
S a n Te l m o G alles D efen sa a nd Co m ercio de dicated to the p a

,
t ron of ,
sailors is a s m all ch urch on a high poi n t overlooking th e roadstead : a n e w

,
belfry w a s e rected last y ear A dj acent to the church are the Men 5 ’
Hospital and the Residencia L unati c A syl um The n e ighborhood d urin g .

,
t he ti m e of Rosas w as kno w n as « Barri o del A lto » a nd bore a ba d na m e

, , .
Th e Concep cion , adj oinin g Plaz a I ndependencia is a n e w ch u rch fro m , ,
design s by Padr e M arin I t re m a i ned unfi nish ed for so me years o w ing t o

.
the roof ha ving fallen 1 n wl ien so m e w ork m en w ere kill ed in 1 86 9

, ,
.
S a n ta Cata l ina in Calle Brazil is a chapel of ease , b uil t in 1 8 6 0

'
, , ,
p ursuance of a pious testa m ent w ith s chools att ache d , .
S a n J ua n C alles Potosi an d P1 e d1 as is at tached to a con vent of Capuchi n

'
n uns : th e ord er w as est abli shed h e r e in i7 4 9 by fi ve nuns w ho c am e fro m

'
C hile the c onvent w as first situate close to the chu rch of San N icolas
, ,
but after w a rds r em oved to t he present sp a cious pr e m ises Th e ord er w as .
excepted in th e de cre e of suppression in 1 8 2 2 and h as n o w thirt y six , ,

-
n uns vh o live by al m s an d a s m all pension fro m Govern m ent There are

,
v
.
,
h ow ever so m e ladies of fort u ,

ne a m on g the co mm u nity The con ven t ha s .
a larg e ga 1 den , covering al m ost the e ntir e block in a ve ry val uabl e

’
sit uation The church 1 s attende d by French priests

.
O ur L a dy of M onse rra t adj oining th e Plaz a of t he sa me n a m e

,
is a ,
handso m e ne w church The parish is rep ut e d very rich and the interior
'
.
,
o i t h e e difice is elegant and t ast eful

'
L a s S a l ina s is the na m e of a chapel situat e in Ca lle s V i ct oria and Sarandi ,
attach e d to the A rchbishop s college : th e latter i s unde r the direction of ’ ‘
C anon B1 1 d 1 ud a st a ft of professors in cl uding t h e Re v Mr D illon

,
. A nother , . . .
’
cha pel I S in constr uction i n Gen eral Guido s quinta Calle Potosl by the
‘
, ,
I ta lia n resi dents .
S a n Migue l , Calles Suipa cha and Piedad stands in the high es t part of th e ,
cit y and a n e xtensiv e vie w IS obt ained fro m the belfry Th ere IS a statu e
,
.
o f Saint Micha el ov er the e n tran ce An o rph a na ge w a s at fi rs t attached t o .
th is church , and the Jesuit printin g press , fro m Cordo va , w as devoted to -

'
38 p n or nsu a r e nun cn ns .
b oarders are taught English Fren ch Span ish m us m and needl e w ork : no , , , ,
ch 1 l d1 e n are ad m itted un der five o r over fifteen ye a rs of a ge they w ea r , , ,
a unifor m an d are all ow e d to see their f1 1 ends on Sundays and holida ys

, ,
b et w een the hours of 1 0 A M and 5 P M The h alls play ground &c are . . . .
, ,
.
,
spacious a n d th e chapel is very nea t Th e convent covers an area of t w o

, .
'
a c res or h alf a cuadra and the northern wing c onsists of a h osp it a l for
,
’
,
'
sick and distre sse d Irish The sisters also v isit t h e sick of the neighbor
c
h ood They rec eive n o sub sidy fro m the Stat e e ach of the nuns h avin g
'
“
.
h e r ow n do w ry on e nt ering The rules of the order w ere sanctioned by .
Gr egory X VI in 1 8 4 1 and th e Sist e rs of Mer cy h ave no w nu m erous

'
.
, ,
establish m ents in I reland U nited S tates and Au strali a , ,

.
The Re col e ta dedicated to O ur L ady of Pil ar i s attach ed to th e ci ty

.
'
, ,
c e m etery about t w o m ile s fro m Plaz a V ictoria

, Th e chur ch and co nvent .
w ere b uilt by the Fran ciscans in 1 7 2 0 at an outla y of st erling ,

.
Ther e isa tr adition that th e site h ad be en sold for a suit of cloth es The ’
c onvent w a s suppress ed in 1 8 2 2 an d in 1 8 58 the building was t ake nfor a

'
Poor A sylu m .
The 1 e are four Protestant churche s th e English , Scotch A m erican , and , ,
G er m an .
Th e Engl ish Church near th e c orner of Calles Mayo and C uyo i s a hand
'
‘
, ,
s o m e and co mm odious structure , capable "of a cco mm odating about 7 0 0

p erso ns The treaty of 1 8 2 5 gu aranteed Protesta nts th e fullest religiou s
. .
lib erty and the A rg entine G overn m ent had th e g en e rosity t o ce de this s it e
,
g r atis for a n English church , and for the last forty years a chapla i n has
b een attach ed at th e expense of th e British Go ve rn m ent Previous to that
date (1 8 2 7 )the Prot estants asse m bled for D ivin e servic e in a private roo m
‘
w he r e th e Foreign Club no w sta nds The presen t ch a pl ain IS the Re v J . . .
Ch ubb F ord a gr aduat e of on e of th e English universities

,
D ivine servi ce .
i s held e very Sunday at 1 1 A a nd in th e e vening T w o pe w s m arked . .

,
A an d B are set ap art for ship ca p ta ins T he n ew organ presented by Mr

,
.
.
L u m b is a splendid instru m ent and cost £ 50 0 A ttached t o th e church ,

.
a re the English parochial s ch ools attended b y about 1 0 0 children of both ,
s ex e s and under the charge of Pr ofessor Ry a n

,
.
Th e S cotch Chm ch is in Calle Pie d1 a s near Calle Rivadavia a nd of th e

'
, ,
sa m e si m pl e architecture a s usually charact erises Presbyterian houses o f .
prayer , I t w a s bu ilt m 1 8 3 8 at a co s t of £ 7 0 0 0 and has seats for 3 0 0 , , ,
p ersons Th e fi rst Scot ch colony ca m e to B uenos A

.
y re s in 1 8 2 7 w ith th e '
in th e
‘
Mess rs Robertson and th eir count ry m en no w nu mb er over

.
,
c a m p and t o w n The r e are t w o Scotch chapels at San V icent e and

.
,
'
Chasco m us w ith r esident clergy m en , and th e British Gove rn m ent allo w s

,
~
Tm : R E C O L EI A
’ ‘
C E M E T ERY . 39
I
a subsidy for th eir m aintenance The first chaplain w as th e late Re v W . . .
Bro w n D D w hos e successor is Re v Ja m es S m ith de s ervedly pop ul ar

,
. .
,
.
,
.
a m ong m en of all per suasions D ivine servi ce every Sunday at 1 1 A M .
. .
and 7 r M : there is a fi ne choi r Th e S cotch s chool w as foun ded in l 8 s2

. . .
’
,
a n d has been suc cessi v ely m anaged by Mr Ra y Re v D r Bro w n Re v J .

‘
, . .
,
. .
S m ith Mr Ra m s ay and Mr A ugust us Po w ell : th e l ast nam ed gentle m a n

,
.
,
.
-
ha s directed it al re ady t hirteen y ears on t he G l asgo w nor m al tr a i ni n

g ,
syste m th e av erage attendance is sixty p upils and th e c urriculum

.
includes English F rench Spanish L atin & c , The school e

, IS spacious , , .
-
,
a n d so m eti m es used for lect ures .
The Am e rica n or Methodist Church i s in Calle Cangallo opposite the Hot e l

, , ,
d u Provenc e ; it holds ab out 3 0 0 persons b ut th e congregation intend s ,
providing a b etter chape l Th e actual in cu mb ent is Re v M r ; Goodfello w

. .
,
of th e A m erican Missionary Soci ety , w ho ha s in itiate d a syst e m of '
’
children s lectures on m ora l training Ther e is a Sunday school t h e .
,
children of w hich h ave a grand annual fet e Several t fa ct s onr eligious .
s ubjects are distribute d by the curate D ivine service on Sundays 1 1 A M ; . . .
a lso in the aft ernoon .
The Ge rm a n , or L utheran Church is in Calle Es m eralda bet w een Piedad , ,
a nd C angallo It h as a pretty Gothic fa ga de and porch a nd holds ab out 3 0 0

.
,
p ersons ; it w as b uilt in 1 8 4 7 by th e G er m a n residents and i s al m ost t oo ,
s m all for the present congregation The chaplain is th e Re v Mr Gehrk e .

,
. .
,
w h o has also charge of the s chools attached D ivine service at .
a nd 7 on Sundays The choir is the be st in the city The arch it ect

'
. .
w as the lat e Mr Taylor . .
C E M E T ER I E S .
The Re cole ta Ce m e te ry is m uch t oo s m all covering only t en acres ; her e ,
t h e inhabitants of the city have been int erred for thre e centuries So m e .
o f th e t o m bs are g rand and costly but the place is so cro w ded that t hey ,
appear to n o advantage The plac e is very m uch n eglected , and t he

'
p ractise of disinterring re m ains after a ce rtain n u m b er of years is a
violation of th e m ost hallo w ed a ssociations Rich pers ons by paying fifty .
y ea rs purchase are guaranteed against re m oval Poo r peopl e ca n buy .
grave s for five years at prices v arying fro m $51 0 to

,
a cc ordi n g to ,
l ocalit y Th e m au soleu m of B ernardino Rivadavia the il l ust rious

.
,
states m an of 1 8 2 8 is the finest and st ands in th e c entral avenue

, ,
.
'
O pposite to it is a m onu m ent w hich w ill call th e special attention of .
En glish m en , as it m arks th e resting plac e of a valiant co untry m a n , t h e -

40 CIT Y C E M E T ER I E S .
arble st eps c overing th e vault of m ,
f the gallant ad m iral and his w ife ,

rises the base of th e structur e , th e principal po rtion of w h i ch m eas ure s
“
4 ft by 5 ft an
. d th e upper 3 5h} by 3 %ft The m ain sh aft is 1 2 ft high
. . , .
,
a Corm thia n c ap itabbearin g a naval tr ophy of gilt br on z e 5ft high : tota l .
h ei gh t fr o m th e gro un d 2 8 ft 6 in U pon th e b as e are w ell executed

'
—
,
. .
vin
« r l ievos » of th e fol l o i naval e gag e m ents 1 1 th Ju n
e 3 0th June
e g n , ,
Juncal and Em peratr iz also th e ar m s of the Repub l i c initia ls of t he :

,
.
,
.
de ceas ed a nd a gra ceful epi taph bo xder e d w ith w reaths of S ha m ro cks “ A

'
, ,
.
ba nd enc ircl es th e colu m n up on w h1 ch is the inscription c uil l e rm o Bro w n .
Springin gfro m the l ea ves of th e c apital is the t rid e nt and sur m o unting all ,
a trophy o f « rostra The total cost w a s $ 4 0 0 0 0 about £3 0 0 an d th e , , ,

.
sit e w as given by G o ve rn m ent Th e w hol e of th e w o rk w a s e xec ute d in

. .
B uenos Ay re s fro m design s by P Be are C E : the ca stings w eighe d ov e r

, .
,
. .
fi ve tons an d w e r e made 1 11 th e es tab l ish m ent of E Ca rul l a The e p itap h ,

’ ‘
. 1
t r ans l ated fro m t heSpanis h, i s a s fol l o w s :

W ILLI AM Wl
l
‘
BRQ ,
AT '
F ox r s
s vn
a v w
s e )
o r 13111 1 1 511
1
OR I GIN , nur u ne nnr m n m v . i ns . sa nvrcns .
h
' ' ‘
in o the fi rst fle e t in the wa
the Sp a nish na vie s a t Ma rtin Ga rcia a nd

xh
l onte vide o
‘ ‘
S w e ep ing the Pa cific Oce a n a nd Ca r ibbe a n Se a from 1 8 1 5 to 1 8 1 8 .
The p a rts o f Ca l l a o a nd Gua y a quil w itne sse d his p row ess unde r the
Arge ntine ba nne r , on J a nua ry 2 0 , a nd F e brua ry

The sun that h
s one on
l
xi ,
E e s]
,
R ive r Urugua
y ,
be he l d the
l
ve sse l s o f
crow ne d w ith victory inx sup p gr
ting
He d ied § l ih a: true Christia n, the nigh t. o ; f Ma y 3 1 8 57 , surrounde d

‘
. e on ,
by his f il y , ove rsh a dow e d by h is gre a t na m e , a nd t the ri

p e
‘
am a
a ge
'
f
o ’
e igh ty y e ars, h a ving conse cr ate d h is l ife to na va l l
g yor .
His Widow de dica te s this Mnum nt t

o e o his m em bry ,
a sks f al l bra ve and grate ful rnén a
an
d rom
Re me mbra nce d Pra y e r

an a .
"
R . 1 . P .
42 ou r n o sp rr u s .
i rrespective of creed or n a tion a l it y There a re also the English French .

, ,
Italian and Iri sh h ospitals and the San itary gl nstit ut e z this last i s one of
,
‘ '
t h e finest est ab l ish m ents in South A m erica .
The Me n s Hosp ita l w a s founde d by Don Juan de Garay under th e

’
patronage of St Martin a bl o ck 'of ground being m arked out for the

.
,
p urpose in the distribution of the city A building w a s co m m enced in -

.
1 6 1 1 an d f1 om that ti m e th e a ccounts of the e stablish m ent w ere sub m itte d

,
r eg ularly to t h e C abildo till 1 7 4 8 : in th 1 s ye ar t he Be t hl a m it e m onks took

,
.
c harge of the hospi t al a n d w hen their order w a s suppressed th e

.
, ,
.
e stablish ment passed into the h ands of Govern m ent It w a s dire cted by a .
“
Phil a n thrbp ic Soci e ty fro m 1 8 2 8 to 1 8 3 3 a fter w h ich Rosas s upported it by
‘
a sub vention of till t he F rench b l ockade w hen he suppre ssed it -

,
a ltogether a s unnec essary : _ h e ho w e ver allo w ed it to b e re opened by

. , ,
-
s evera l ch aritable persons in 1 8 4 8 allo w ing a sub vention of per ,
a nnu m t il l his fall in 1 8 5 2

,
Sinc e then it h a s b een m ai nta ined by th e
,
1
. .
Muni cipality at a cost of near l y p er annu m It is situa t e at t he .
c orne r of Calles C o m erc io and B l carce and is atte nd ed by t w enty Frenc h

a ,
S isters of Char ity w h o trea t the patients w it h the ut m ost k indness an d

,
c are . The physi cians are ordered to pres cr i be w ine s d eli cacies &c a d , , .
l ibitum for those w h o requir e it O ld and infir m pe ople h av e al so a n . (
a sylu m here and are allo w e d a l ittle pocket m oney for toba c co and yerba -
.
T he a verag e nu m ber of p atients is over year l y of fw hich eleve n

'
—
, ,
p e r cent di e The proportion

. . of n a t ion a l it ie s is Argen t ines 1 Ital ian s
( 2
,
Span iards F rench 8 Ger m ans 6 English 2 , other nations 1 8 p e r

'
, , , , ,
.
c ent . The average cost of a pat ient is $ 1 0 a day The oilicial s co mpris e .
‘
—a n ad m inistrator t w o cl e rk s : a chapl ain six phys icians , nin e m e dical

, , ,
‘
s tudents and three apothecaries Th e estab l ish m ent also co m prise s

,
.
,
a m il it ar s h osp ital a nd one for sick convict s,

i: i . .
The Wom e n 3 Hosp ita l under the patronage of St Mi ch ael w a s establish ed

’
,
.
,
i n 1 7 4 3 by Pad re J ua n A l onz o Gonsa l ez a nd a Con fraternity of C harity

, ,
w ith acco m m odation for ten p atients In 1 7 8 4 the house w a s m uch .
enlarged and again in 1 8 2 3 w h en it passed under the char ge of th e :

,
'
So ciedad de Be n e fice ncia w hich asso ciation of bene v olent ladies stil l
,
direct s its n a e m e nt
g Th e : hospital i s u nder the care
. o f fourt e en
S isters c al l e Daughters of Mary brought fro m Italy in 1 8 59 the m oth er
, ,
h ouse and noviciate i s in Montevideo w h ere these nuns have char ge of th e

'
Carida d H ospital T he order w a s first e stablished in Italy in 1 8 2 9 for ,
caring th e sick and teaching children : there are branch house s at S ant a ,
The W o m en s hospital i s at No 2 6 Calle

’
F e R osario and Cordoba
, ,
. .
Es m eralda , a nd it h a s often be e n proposed to re m ove it fro m so ce nt ra l

TH E '
Ba rr l sn n o m u r s . 3
a local ity t o the sub urbs but there are no funds to build a ne w on e T he
, .
Sisters re cei ve a tri fling p en sion of $ 2 0 0 a m onth . There are 2 0 0 beds ,
t he a verag e nu m b e rof patients ad m itted be ing 8 0 0 per annu m of w hic h ,
2 7 per cen t die . The o ffi cials in clude a chaplain three physicians one
.
, ,
student an apothecary and seven nurs es The total annual expenditure

, , .
i s abo ut 3 50 2 0 0 0 1116 It is ver y u s ual w i th w eal thy c itiz ens or e stan ci er os

.
to leave donation s t o this and to the Men s Hospital ’

.
The B ritish Hosp ita l is a fine airy co m m odious structure standing at the
, , ,
s out hern extre m ity of the city on a high groun d ; kno w n as Horn s hill ,
’
,
w ith a p l e a sa nt p rospe ct It w as built in 1 8 59 at a cost o f

. the
British Go vern m ent contributin g one half A bazaar w a s hel d at Colon -
.
theatre i n O ctober w hich al m ost re de e m ed a ll th e debt a n d i n 1 8 6 2 ,
th e A m eric a n C ircu s of Spalding an d R ogers gave a b enefit w hich realize d

’
£ 5 0 0 : a m arble slab h as been put up i n one of the c o rr idors in gratitude

for the sa m e For th e l ast fe w years a n a m ate ur En glish Dra m ati c C lub
.
ha s g iven ann ual p erfor m an ce s with s ignal su ccess a t the Victoria theatre , ,
in a id of the hospital The local subscriptions a l so a m o unt to about £6 0 0

.
per ann um There are t w o w ard s one for opulent p atients at $ 50 , the
.
,
o th er for hu m bl er classes at
$ 2 0 per die m Patients are ad m itted grati s .
w hen certified to be distresse d British s ubj ects The resident surgeon .

,
R obert R eid ,
is a gentle m an of a ck n o w ledged talent and success ,
a nd the returns of patients operatio ns &c are m ost favorable In 1 86 7

, ,
.
,
.
a s hed w a s ere cte d in front o f the hospital w est vie w , for th e r e ception o f ,
'
f e ver patients D uring the cholera of t he follo w i n g y ea r th e instit ut e did

.
good servic e no fe w er than 7 2 cases havin g been ad m it ted of Which m ore

, ,
than on e half w e re disch arge d cured T he m atron Mrs Blues died o f

-
.
,
.
,
the epidem ic Th e fie x p e n se s of the hospital are about

.
p r
e
a nnum z t h e re ceipts for the years 1 86 5 6 7 (not including fro m

‘
-
th e A m ate ur Dram atic b enefits )w ere a s follo w s

1 86 5 .
Co m parat ive expenditur e in m eat gro cer ies bread

, , ,
m ilk ,
&c .
Num ber of patients ,

4 59 52 2
Cost of each 3 59 0 $ 46 1
'
,
44 ou r H O SPI T AL S .
A large proportion of th e pati ents is m a de up of sailors an d distressed ’
British subjects w h i ch causes a con siderable de ficit that ha s to be defrayed

, ,
by loc al sub scription Befor e 1 8 59 the British Hospital w a s situate in very

.
'
.
'
confine d pre m ises in Calle l ndepen dencia Th e co1n m itt e e is co m posed of . . ,
H B M Co nsul t he E nglis h and S cotch cha pla ins a nd five subscrib ers
. . .
, ,
a nnuall y el e cted .
The F re nch Hosp ita l i s in Calle Libertad half a c uadra fro m th e plaza of
’
that na m e It w a s established in 1 8 6 2 and placed in charge of four Sisters

.
,
of Charity bro ught out f ro m Fran ce for th e i nsti tution A b a z a ar w as hel d .
at the Cl ub de l Plata in 1 8 6 4 w hich produce d a ha ndso m e a m ount fo r th e ,

’
hospital There is a v ery neat chapel consecrated in 1 8 6 3 a nd a com

.
, ,
poun din g depart ment besides a cco mm o da tion fer thirty five sick people ,
-
'
D uring t h e ch olera thes e p ioiis da u ghters of St Vince n t de Paul rendere d

‘
'
,
.
gr e at assista nc e t o th e p oor an d the S up eriores s fell a vi cti m to th e

.
,
epide m i c During th e Paraguayan w a r they h av e also atte n ded th e

.
m ilit a ry hospita l s both in thi s city an d at Corrientes ,

The Fren ch Hospital .
i s sup ported by subs cri p tion

Th e Ita l ian Hosp ita l w a s begun b Count Cerutti Italian Mi niste r in y , ,
1 8 58 : o w ing to l ack of sub scriptio ns the w orks w e re s usp e nded for a ti m e ‘

,
"
b ut resu m ed by Count L a Ville Italia n Consul in 1 8 6 2 The situat ion i s
.
, ,
,
.
good !be ing quite clo se to the British Hospita l at the

,
.
Bol iva r a nd C aseros

'
The edi fice is l arg e and ai ry w ith a han dso m e

. . . .
.
,
,
f aca de in the h all is a fin e st a t ue of Charity in Carr ara m arble and t h e

' '
, ,
'
staircase is the be st in the city The b l es sing of t h e ch apel to ok place on

'
th e 2 7 th Dec e m ber 1 8 6 3 the Bishop officiati ng and the sponsors including

, ,
the Pope s N 11 a ’
t he Ital ian Mi ni st er ; the Pre si dent t he R epubli c a nd ,
'
th e Go vernor In 1 8 6 5 i t w a s converted i nto a m ili tary h os p ital for '
w ounde d Bra z 1 lia n s fro m the se a t l of w a r ; in 1 8 6 7 it w s use d a s a cholera

a
-
s .
hospital for the city and subsequently there w a s a proj ect to buy it for th e
,
Munici p ality and tran sport t he W o m en s Hosp ital hithe r At p resent it is

,
’
.
b ut w il l pr obably ere long b e d e v oted t o its real purpose the

’
cl ose d up , , , ,
rec eptio n of sick Ita l ia ris The com m ittee co nsist of the Italian Consul the
’
.
,
Vice Cons ul and 1 0 0 s ub scribers

-
,
.
The D ish Hosp ita l in C alle Rio Ba m ba w a s e s tablished bv the Sisters of

, ,
Mercy in 1 8 6 2 a w ing b ein g b uilt to the convent for the purpose and the
, ,
e xpense defra yed by th e Iris h sh e e p fa 1 m ers The w ards are Sp a ci ous and .
w ell ve ntilate d but generally e m pty

-
in fa ct th e nu m ber of sick a m on g ,
the Iris h r e sidents b ears n o proportion w hatever to their pop ulati on The .
n uns h ave a Hous e of Refuge atta ched w here fift een orphan girls are
’
brou gh t up at the expense o f th e convent Durin g th e ch olera the hospital .

46 C H ARI T A B LE insr rr ur ros s .
restored Non subs cribers can be a cco m m odated w hi l st il l w ith pr iv ate

.
-
, ,
roo m s and all requisites at from $ 50 to $ 1 0 0 per day Subscribers ,

.
desirous of extra p rivil e ge s ca n obtain the m a t half pri ce Medical Staff

‘
-
.
,
'
Dr Luis Drago Preside nt of the Board of Health one a p othe ca ry a n d t w o

.
, .
, , .
as sis tants Consultin g Physicians—Drs W illia m Ra w son Ventura Bosch ,

. .
,
Nicanor Albarellos T eodoro Alvarez Toribio Ay erz a Free v isits for t h e

’
po or on Mondays and Fridays Hour s —

.
, ,
Fron1 8 t o 9 A M and fro m to . . .

,
P M The drugs for the poor ordered by the physici an s of th e

. .
,
establish m ent on t he above days w ill be co m po unded in th e dispensa ry for ,
h alf the reg ul ar prices Patients are at perfe ct li be rty to bring in a ny .
m e m ber of th e fa c ulty they choose for their ow n account and th e r esident ,
physici ans w ill al w ays assist w ithout fee s at a con sultation call e d by the
patient s parti cular doctor The to w n office i s a t 3 1 Calle Ta cuari T he
’
.
. .
’
site of the h ospital ivas for m erly included in Bal carce s quinta The .
e difice w a s begun in 1 8 6 6 : it h a s the a ppearance of a rotunda and can be ,
seen fro m the city There IS a fi ne kitchen g a rden atta ched to raise
'
.
,
ve getab les for the ho use Sub s cribers or patients are ad m itted w ithou t .
a ny disti nction
C O N V ALE C EN C IA ,
PO OR AND F O UNDLIN G A SYL U M S .
The Conaa lo ce ncia ,

'
o
'
or Lu n atic Asy lu m is ab out h alf a m ile fro m the Plaz a , ,
'
Constitucion o n a h ill ove rl ook ing Ba rra cas It takes its n a m e from a
h osp it al foun de d by t he Be t hl e m it e m onks“ The p re sent ne w buildin g w a s
. .
, ,
.
,
v
ere cted in 1 8 59 z 1t a c ost of the Legisl ature providing one

, ,
h alf : the ar chitects w ere Messrs Hunt and Schroe de r : The e difice i s
spacious being the only a sy lu m for m ale and fe m ale patients in the
, ‘
-
,
count ry : they w ere for m erly confined in n arro w and un w hol eso m e ,
,
quarters at the Residencia It is related by Pillado that i n 1 7 8 5 ther e .
w ere b ut seve n l unatics in Buenos Ayre s The averag e nu m ber of patient s .
’
is abo ut 4 0 0 of w ho m 2 8 per cent are cured The Men s quarter is unde r
,
. .
th e charge of a m anager , a physician and fourteen ke epers : that of t he ,
W o m en is m anage d by nine Italian « religieuses » called « Daughters o f

Mary » w ho re cei ve a p ension of 3 2 0 0 a m onth ha ving been brought out
’
.
‘ ,
e x p ressly at the request of the Municipality ; there are a l so a ch aplain a ,
doctor and seven servan ts The expenses o f t h e W om e n s a sylu m are

,
.
,
’
p aid ou t o f the Pro vincial revenues of Buenos Ayre s, and ad m inistered by

'
the ladies o f th e Sociedad de Be ne fice ncia a m ounting to p e r ,

’
annu m The Men s a s y lu m is supp or ted by the Municipality , at a cost of
.
per annu m .
F O UNDL N G I AND O RP HAN H O M E S .
The Cuna or Fo undl ing Asylu m is situate at th e back of San F rancisco

, , ,
facing t he De btors prison w ith the touching insc ription « M y father a nd

’
,
m other have cast m e out Go d s pity h as sheltere d m e here »

’
The in nocen t
‘
.
,
vi ctim s of sha m e or distress are ki ndly b rought up and n ot unfrequently ,
attain a good position in so ciety Infanticide is u nkno w n thank s t o thi s .

,
institut ion There is a s taff of s event ee n nu rses under t he direction of

. .
six Italian nuns ; a lso a phy sicia n a nd a cha plain A n e w asylu m h a s .
be en erected n ear the Convalecen cia w here fo rty w e a ned chil dr en a re

'
cared for The pa rents m a y claim a child U p to t w o years b ut after thi s

. ,
t er m it beco m es the prop erty of th e institut e at a certain a ge t h e ch ildren

are g iven out w i th c on se nt of the Juez de Menores to r espe ctable fa m il ie s
, ,
w h o enga g e to rear and educate the m m aking the m also u se ful i n do m esti c ,
se rvi ce givin g a ccount of the m w hen re qu ired by ; he S ociedad de

,
Be ne fice n cia and not t aking the m out of the co un try w ithout a s p e cial
,
per mission Not w ithstanding every ca re give n to t h e poo r foundlings

.
-
'
fro m the first m o m en t abo ut one third o f the m th e and 4 p e r cent a re

'
-
.
, ,
clai m ed by their p are nts w h o in th is ca se h ave t o pay a s m all retrib ution

,
'
to the institute The Cun a w as est ablished by Do n J ose Riglos a nd t he

.
Vi c e roy V ert 1 s in 1 7 7 9 fro m w hi ch t im e it re m ained under charge o f t h e

-
, ,
c ivil authorities till 1 8 2 3 w hen the Soc iedad de Be n e fice ncia w a s for m ed
,
,
.
It w a s suppr esse d by Ro sa s in 1 8 3 8 and re establishe d i n 1 8 5 2 sin c e ,

-
,
w hich lat ter date o ver 3 0 0 c h il dren h a ve been re cei ved The annual
‘
expenditure is
F e m a le Orp h a n Sch ool —This in stitute w a s begun at San Miguel ch urch ,
in 1 7 5 5 by the C onf raternity of C harit y w hich b eing s u

, ppressed i n 1 8 2 2 , ,
.
the asylu m then p isse d into the hands of Govern m ent Rosa s did not .
suppress the institute b ut m er ely obliged the orph ans t o dre ss in red t he
, ,
color of his party The orphanag e no w exists in the suppressed c onven t

.
attached to the Merce d ch ur ch under the dire ction of the So ciedad d e ,
Be n e fi ce n cia Pre vi ous t o th e chol era of 1 8 6 7 th e nu m be r of orphan s

.
“
w a s li m ited t o thirty t w o b ut the s ad e ffe cts of t he epide m ic caused
-
G overnor Alsina to in crease t he n um be r per m anently to seventy fi ve -

.
Ther e are al so 1 0 0 externs ed uca t ed i n the schoo l There are t w o .
m istresses seve n assistants

, a ch a plain thre e v isitin g m asters and a staff
, , ,
of servants The annual expenditure i s

.
The Asil o do Mcnd z gos or Poor A syl um is situate i n the extin ct c onvent of
’
, ,
t h e Re coleta adj oining th e ce m etery Buenos Ayres has al w ays been

, .
al m ost free fro m m endicit y although Parish represent s a :fe w beggars i n

,
his ti m e w ho u sed to go about on horseback A fe w la m e or blind m e n .
stil l m ake their ro unds on Saturdays afo ot The a sv l um w as establishe d ,

.
48 C H ARI T A B L E IN ST I T U T I O N S .
by the Munic ipal ity 1 n by G overnor Valentin A l sina

a t t he e nd of that y e ar it contained s e v e n t y nine m endicants The first
'
: -
f .
c o m m ittee of direction w as co m pose d o f C anon Fuentes Dr Pi nedo and ,

.
,
, Mes srs Martinez

.
,
Fer nande z B il l inghurst C abrera Z inn y
'
, , , ,
a n d S e norans The a vp ra ge num be riin the asy l um is about 2 0 0 o f w ho m

.
‘
,
.
t hre e fourths are w hite s ; inclu ding so m e foreign ers and old soldiers
-
,
Th e .
treat m ent they r e ce ive is very good The M unicipality contrib utes . . .
and the rest is m ade up by v ol unt a r s u b scrip tio n Pre viou t o '
a x e ar y, s
y ; .
1 8 5 8 t he c onvent w a s used a s a barrack : the situation is v ery fi ne

'
c o m m an ding a n extensive vie w over t he River Plate

“
. .
L os Ej e rctcios is a k ind c f fe m a l e p e nit e n t ia ry at the corne r of C alle s

,
S al t a and Independen cia The in stit ut e w as founded in t 7 9 4 by a nun

.
,
,
n a m ed Mari a A nt onia P a z from Santiago del ,

E s t ero in a house i n Calle
, ,
Piedras n e w o cc upi e d by Se nor Terrero : it :w as tr ansferred to its present

‘
'
s ite b efo re th e de a th c f the founder and has s ince b een ruled by fi ve ,
_
s up eri oresse s In 1 8 59 th e z Bish op refor m ed th e PELIGS Th ere a re il sua l l y
. .
’
1 0 0 pers ons in t he ho use bet w een nuns a nd p e nit e nt sp t h e latt e r b ein g

,
s ent h ither by the T

. rib unals The est ab l ish m e nt rec eives a pe nsion from
.
,
Go vern m ent a n d va rio us p ubl ic donat ion s , ,
S ocie da d do Ba ne /l ce a oia r This s ociety o f charit abl e ladie s vva s found ed

‘
'
-
r .
,
.
in 1 8 2 3 , t o ; t a k e charge of the W o m e n s '
Fo undlin g Asyl um ’
,
i han S chool and the State s chool s for girl s It w a s ins talled by
, .
‘
Riva da via the found e rs bei ng Mesd am es ; Cabrera Mand eville A guirre
‘
i
, ,
.
,
,
Sa nches , Ra m os Boneo Ag itero Az cuenaga Viam ont Lu ca Iz quierd o

, , , , , , ,
L a sal a ia nd G utierr e z
, It w a s pa rtl y s up p ressed by R osas in 1 8 3 8 a n d
.
Sin ce then it has r en d

,
r evi ved under Mm e Garrigos in 1 8 52 . e re d .
i nv aluable se i vice r e m odelling the above m e ntioned institutions an d

,
.
,
fi st abl isl ing sevent
i y fe m ale fre e schools in to w n and co u n tr y w hic h are , ,
a ttended by 5 0 0 0 ch ildren
,
D e a f a nd D um b Institute 4 8 1 Cal l e Canga l lo : it w a s founded 1 11 1 8 57 by

,
a p hilant hropic society called L a Regeneracio n and placed n a dei th e ,
d irection of Mr C harles Keil

. . The Provin cial Gove rn m ent pays a
. .
.
.
s ub vention of a year and the res t is borne by t h e soc iety Th e

'
.
, ,
chil dren are t aught readi n g w riting ari th m eti c dra w ing Christi an , , , ,
d octrine , &c b ut the ir n um ber ra rely exceeds h a l f a dozen The y

.
- -
.
a fter w ards earn a l ivin

g as cigar m akers ,boot m aker s , th e - -
.
S T REE T S AND S HO PS .
Torre s b ecause the to w ers of the old c athed ral w ere visible to w a vfare rs
,
c o m ing in fro m the dire ction of Flores : it w a s next calle d Calle Federac ion ,
b ut obtaine d its present na m e on the oc casion of the funera l of Riva davia .
W e shall n o w take the streets at right angles in their order b e ginnin g ,
w ith the North end .
S T REE T S RUNNIN G N O R TH .
‘
Pa se o do J ul io runs alon g th e b each fro m th e Custom house n orth w ard ,

-
,
a n d has a n u m ber of ship chandleries and w haleboat offices

-
v iz those of ,
.
,
Al l in son Mahon McL e a n Herring Eck e l l L o w ry an d L e Cou ter besides

, , , , , , ,
’
m any coffee houses and outfitters sh op s
-
There a re back e ntran ce s to th e .
-
C o m m ercial Roo m s an d Capi t ania del P uer to Se nor Llavallol has a fi ne

’
h ouse at the corner of Cal l e ,Cuyo f§p nor Go m ez at the corner of Call e
j ,
C orrientes a n d the Hotel da Nord is w ell suited for ship ca p ta in s h aving a

,
-
,
fine vie w of the port There i s a fi rst cl ass foundry belonging to an old
"
-
illa whos e sh u w as e duc at ed ht M

.
Spaniard na m ed Cam ’
fihch e st e r and w h o
' '
’ ' ‘
, ,
p urposes establ ish ing t h e fi rst cloth factory in , River P l at e Nex t .
uthe
follo ws th e fohidry of Stevens Co The Pa s l iotw a s for m e r l y
h
eo l i i
‘ i
.
g
, l , ”
p ro m enade w hich Ro sa s iii
t e ride d
p rolon ing
o ut to Pa l er m o part a t t h e
’ u r
k e d do ta R os a gale , d gust 1 86 0 : At:
A
”
b al dstra de wa s k noc w n by th e Sa n
'
rdob a it isp ropo s ed to b u1l dw h a rve s an boide d stli r

i
t h e foot of Ca l l e Co
.
’
es
this poin t is k riow t h e a dj a ce ht cohve nt

“
5
f1 as Baj ode l a s Ca tal
2
’ l
A
' '
( ‘
1 1
l itt l e f urther w e e t e i t h e b eac h i s n o w l ed
‘
h ce hou se
; and in w ith
'
m e
-
’
t ,
w i l lo w p l a nt at 1on s a m ong w hi ch th e blac k w ash e 1 w o m en ap pear in grea t

l
nti Th e G as h ouse for m s the ex tre m e no r th p oi nt of the ci ty ; lit is

'
’
mbe rs .
-
defend ed by a stro all a nd has all the necessaryw orkshop s ret ott s ,
f 40 0 0 0 l in the ci ty ,
.
para l lel the Paseo

l;
“
{ nu n nn co x om sm . L 51
Ca fl e Récohi beg ins at Colo n th eatre it w a s for m erly ca l l e d D e fe n sa

’
j uista .
b ut in 1 8 0 9 re ce iv e d dts p re se n t na m e t o co m m e mor a te th e re cov er y of t h e '
city fro m Genera l Bere sford The ol d honse for m erly o ccupi ed by J C . .
,
. .
T ho m p son Co ; Wa s th e residenc e of so m e of the v ic e roys and is of

.
-
-
,
'
r e m arkable construction In this sa m e bl ock w e fin d the offices of Sa m uel .
B: Hale L a tha m ,
Co Mr Do w dall broker G o w land Co ; and the .
,
.
, ,
.
h ar d w are store of Mr Dak in ; on the op p o site side the Por tugue se

'
Co nsul ate t h e office s of R ossi ,

Co Toy and Upton A m erica n shi pbrokers .
, , ,
a n d the gro cer s shop of T Moore w h o doe s a large b u siness w ith Irish
'
’
,
.
s h e e p fa rm ers The n e w L ondon an d River Plate Ba nk is a fi ne structure

.
'
a t the corn er o f C a l l e Pieda d In the s a m e bl ock w e fin d the resid en ce o f

'
.
’
Can on Fah ey the p a tria rch of Irish residents ; the a pothec a ry s shop o f
,
'
C ran w ell and Murr a y the office s of Moore Punch a n d Tudor H A Gree n ,
. .
Co z shi p brok ers a n d agents for the Li verpool stea m er s ; Hughes

,
Peters ,
p roduce br okers ;
- J C Tho m p s o n & Co ; Be m berg 6: Co :a nd Ri ck .C o . . .
’
Op p osit e t o Cran w ell a n d M urray s is th e fine m a nsion of t he la te Se nor
' ' '
O ch a a n ol d Sp a nish m ercha nt and next d oo r is a sta tely pil e er ecte d by

’
'
,
D r Co sta late Minist er of Instruction w h o h as now l et it out in o ffice s ;

‘
-
, , ,
’
those of the Central Argentine R ail w ay and Mr Coghlan , C E are in th e . . .

,
u ppe r story At t h e corne r of Calle Cang a llo is th e H otel de la Pa ix

.
- .
,
.
Next co m es the He rrié d church w it h o rpha n a sylu m att a che d Th e

' '
“
»
,
ar chit ect wa s a Jesui t p riest na m ed Andrea Bl a n q ui w h o b uilt severa l ,
ch ur che s in this ci t y In the chancel is still seen a portrait of th e chie f

'
'
b enefactor an d his w ife w ith the date 1 7 6 9

' '
O p po site i s the ,
. .
‘
l uxurio us re sidence of Se nor A nchorena Mr Kelly the a p oth ecary , . .

,
h as a shop at the n ext corner opposite Risso’s stea m boat a gency The Ital i a n ,
.
'
Bank w a s in the fourth block b ut after a brie f e x ist e nce of t w o years it

'
o
,
w as closed up and the furniture sold by aucti on In this bl oc k are the .
o tiice s of Fol m ar Co A m erican m erc hants ; Dr Nelson a residen t '
. .
, ,
ph y si cian of lon g standin g ; Sassen berg Co ; Ra nge A : C o ; and . .
W a rnh ol t z Co th is last firm has taken m uch in terest in the i m p o rtation

o f Angora goats f ro m the C a p e of Goo d Ho e In th e fif t h blo ck is t he
p .
M odel School fou n ded in 1 8 59 ,

.
Ca l l e S a n Ma rtin beg ins at Plaz a Vi ctoria : in th e first block are the ‘
F oreign Cl ub and Ma ck crn s book store w here strangers m a y find it ’

-
,
co nvenie nt to a sk infor m atio n ; al so the offic es of R ussell and Ande r son '
produc e broker s A guirre M urga the great landed proprietors of Bahia ,
Blanca ; W oodgate Brothers sh ip brokers and agen ts for Tait s li n e of ’ ‘

- .
,
'
stea m ers ; an d t he haberdashery of Mr Flo w er The n ext bl ock ronta ins . .
th e Provinci a l a nd Argentine Ba nks , t he handso m e residen ce s of the Pach ec o

R2
2
'
sr a nnrs
'
AND '
. sn or s .
a nd Te j e dor fam ilies ; an d the oflic e s of J P Boy d Co , shi p broker s and ' '
'
-
. . .
f Feely & 1W ilson ,

“
a ge nt s for; the Liv e rpool stea m ers ; the gro cers sh op (i
‘
f
’
A :C lausen s
’
G rieben casino h i ate Livingstone
'
‘
; t e n s m e r ie a n s t or e o f B , ;
cig . a m sh op a nd se ve ia l roffic e s Of m oney brokers -in cl 11 din g tha t of Mr
,
-
,
. . .
l He nry Hart Further o n w e co m e to t h e Bolsa t h e Unive rse l l e lodgin g

'
'
,
,
.
h ouse p ublic , E nglish book pho tog ra phi c

studio th e printi ng offices ,
.
of Se no r E strada l and of ,
the Na cz on A rge ntina : in : this there a re t w o Casino s Or lun ch

‘
, . , .
s aloons Th e fourth block contains the L o uvre Hotel th e h ouse of Genera l

'
’
. g
, ,
,
Mit re t h e o ffic e of Ha y croft

,
'
ICo and : the residen ce of Be n e ral P a z s v

.
,
' - ' ’
fa m ily : The ,fi fth has a ibe a ut iful m a nsion ibe l ohgin g to Se nor An choren a ‘
No 1 3 7 and oppo site is the t w o story ter race of Senor Mi ro; w h ich is
. .
, , .
-
rented ou t in y er y ne at a nd co m m odi ou s E ng l i sh : l od ging s l Crossing C alle

. .
Parque w e fi n d a noth e r j p rince l y ihouse (if the A ncho rena fa m il y : at ; th e . ,
cor n e r of 1 Tuc u an is a r ang e of hous es b elongin g t ot Mr Ar m stro n g ; and

s m - “ . . .
t he next b l ock she w s us th e! con v e nt of Catalinas , ivith 1ch urch ra t t a ch e d

'
’
“
”The found e r w a s Dr B ris e no ; a nd the a rch 1 te ct 1 1 11 a n Na rba na ,
.
'
,
. .
f rom ,plans by Pa die nBl a nq ui At the end of t h e j q um t a ,
L a p rida no w Dr Whit e 5 s chool 1

’
, , , .
is p erhaps :the rb est str e e t in t he cit y } Therre side n ce g of .

'
, ,
Mr Inimb na n ol d English
. of 1 t h e D or re g o fa m il y an d; m any -
.
f h i ab shops al o g
l i h th e office s iof Russ e ll Shaw Mit chell Co
'
lw a S O D e n w t '
, ,
. .
,
and E Gl ove r j m ake : up

w
nu m ero us
th e third ha s Al z aga s f ine l h ouse after w hich
’
:j e w elle rs sh a ps a nd ba z a a 1 s
'
’
.
” ,
c o m es tha t o fflifr Pl ow e s and then t he oflice of Darbyshir e Krab b e 65 Co

c a
, . , ,
t he sfourt h
,
an d a Germ a n a ft e r w hich . .
c0 1n e s t he Sp anis h Consul ate t he fift h 1som e siof the : m ost

‘
1
. ., . .
e l e gan t l y fi nishe d h ous es ia to w n The rest of t he f st re e t as far as the

' '
‘
i .
. . .
u Re t iro co m prises t he m ost ; fa sh ionabl e quarter th e houses

'
Q of Oca m p o Jackso n Bla ye ; Mack in l a y Rie st ra &c ; At th e corner of Calle

’
» /
.
, , , ,
Tucu man of Espin osa K y le r In t he ninth b lo ck

‘
' '
1 ; Se no r M ade ro built a m arket in 1 8 6 5 but it ha s been closed opposite is a

' '
, ,
,
very pretty n ursery At the corner of Calle Pa raguay is a blo ck of house s .
“
be l ongin g t o l il r A rm st rong : The re is i1 w ooden d ra w bridge a cress Ca l l e
' ‘
’
’ -
. . .
-
: th ere b ei n
' '
i P aragua y for foo t p a sse ng e rs in ti m e o f r

~
a in ~
g no street ‘ ’
1 dra i na ge lt he Str ea m that co m es rushing dow n here after h e avy r ains is so '
.
.
r isgre at i t ha t a m a n; w a sx drow n e d uh e re in
'
’
now
’
tak es aisitothe handso m e pro m en ade of the Reti ro
' ‘
- .
110 a l l é Ma j/p u is called after t he v ict ory ove r the Sp ani ards in 1 8 1 8
-
The ' ‘
'
. .
bl nck s lne ar the c entre ha ve som e ! E nglish o ffices ,

'
i '
.
4 sr nnnr s AN D
' ‘
SHO P S J C J 1
; 1
"
. .
In this l o cal i ty are ise y e ra l

'
originally 1buil t l by r 1
' '
Mess s .
Whitfi eld a nd Kl a p p e nba ch fia nd m ow oc cupie d

«
The «
C heva l i e r Noe l kee p s the French L egation in the ho use previo usly o c cupie d l
'
b y H B M Ministe r Mr Buckl e y fa m ilies o f Coghl a n f

'
”
, . .
,
. ,
,
C ardenas G l over Harrison and Kinch ha ve the n eighbouring q uint as l

, , ,
. The oth er Str e ets r unning n 0 1 th fro m C all e R iva davia are onl y p ai tl y
b u il t on At the corn er of Callao and Parque 1 s a large Je suit col lege j ust
.
,
finish e d and 1 11 Calle Rio Ba m ba near th e corner of T ucu m an is the Ir ish

, .
,
c onven t of Mercy .
S T REE T S RU NNI NG s o ur u .
,
1 1 1 H! ‘
1 l
Ca l l e B a l m r uns south fro m Plaza M ay o by t h eba ck of Sa n F ra hcisco

re c
/
,
and S a nto Do m ingo c on ve n ts passing t h e ol d Custom ho use , t l1 e ,m ill of t h e ;

,
-
Ande s a nd a n um be r of ol d h ouse s w hich be ar ,the i m p ress af th e carl y

,
'
'
. ,
Spaniar ds . 1 i 1
Ca l l e D e fe nsa xs q uit ej a n E nglish street r unnin gfrom t he ; Be coba Vi aj en

'
.
, ,
t outh e Britis h Hos pital For se veral blocks w e un set Eng l ish gr ocery
—
,
. ,
st ore s iboot i sh Op s dra peries g& c 3

, In the firs t b l a ck are the B rit ish
, , _ .
, ,
.
Library ; th e oliic e s of W ells a nd G atliff , brokers ; E ast m an 5 dr ug s t ar e ;

’
L inden au s ; h at s hop ; J am e s Hill (3115 130 q 8 “b oke rfi C
“
’
T Ge t ting :
r ,
’
.
,
e xport m erch ant s ; Cl a yp ol e s ; ne w sp ap er age nc y .

,
F l e m i ng 8 hoot s hop ;1 G
’
and
“
,
Key ser s bar roo m D a ve np om3 & Cm ’ The ,

’
F ulto n Ca .
, , .
Ir is h churc h yof; San Roque is; at ; the corne r ofdPat osl ne st?
'
«
t o,t hat 0 1 3 51111 ' '
Bian ci sco, and lo w e r dow n is San ta D om ing o, , A

, t o 91p m; (this ,stre e t ,
1
” , .
Rosa s w a s bo rn ; the hou se be l onge d l to t he z EL cnrra J ani il yb a Int hi s sa me , ’

/
J am es i l ité S b ausafi
’
block w e find fl orre s ' ‘
.
'
Bar ry; Wal k e r is groce ry h ardw a re ga n d dra p e ry s tore s; and the Porye nir
pri nti ng offic e In the n ext cu adr a a re —
n ,
Z—G w l and s a uct ion a rt S out hro n s ’ ’

.
o l m ,
saddle ry Boncoron i 5 color and pa int shop 1 0 p p a sit e Santo Do mingo is

,
’
. .
u
t he drug sto re o f Signor De m ar chi w h o is S w iss Consul and a little lo w er , ,

,
do w n are Bell s ti m b e r yard and , t he grocery of Ba bert ,Muir Co The

’
. ,
Black bar rack at t h e corner of Calle M co is n o w a C ust o m s deposi t in

eji .
,, ,
’
front of w hic h a re Gregory s l ive 1 y stabl e s The w ooden bridge is an
abo m inable lo cali ty : he re a torr ent run s d aw n in w e t w eather ; 1 11 1 fa ct it
i s a n open se w e r San Tel m o is on high gro und a l it tl e a bove the Co m erc i o
.
,
Mark et ; t ill w a s built by Padre Bl anq ui and in ; 1 8 1 5 w a s m ade a parish .
, ,
church iF urthe r o n is Fair s quinta so l ong t he re side nce of the Bri tis h
.
T ’ '
,
C ALLE B O LI VAR S AN D PERU .
L egatio n ow belongi ng to Mr Lo w ry of Mo ntevideo a nd ten

n 1 , ,
;
j
Per ry 1 he o rn a m e i
1 t al groun ds an d re sidenc e of Don
‘
L ez am a a it he furth est so uth end co m mand a fine pr ospect of

, ,
l
th ey are s aid to have c ost £ 50 0 0 0 st ei
'
'
ro adst e a d z fling
‘
,
.
Engh sh house s h aid by b elongs t o Mr L u dl am

'
Th e British Hospital .
cro w ns the barr an ca overl ooking Barracas a n d the south .
Ca l le B ol iva r form e il y Sant a Rosa h a s y e t m an y traces o

,
f anti quity ,
.
At No 1 2 IS the resi den ce of G e neral Gell y O be s for m erl y a co nvent ; th e

.
,
bones of som e o f the n uns w ere found here In front is a ver y anti que
'
th ree stor y h ou se and further o n is th e Na cz ona l oflice cl os e to Senor

’ ’
-
, ,
L ez i ca s han dso m e res iden ce In the se cond block is th e Coll e g e chur

’
ch .
,
f or m erl y bel on ging t é the Jesuits w ho w ere said to h ave an un dergroun d ,
passag e fro m h ere to th e old fort The architect of the church w a s . .
Padre Bl anqdi a nd the chief b enefactor D 0 11 Juan A1tonio Costa ,

’
,
1
dat e 1 7 2 2 1 11 Nove m ber
. 1 868 th e w orkm en l ay ing do w n th e , ,
w ater pi pe s fo und an old w ell i n t h e m iddl e of t h e street ,
Mr Morta s bo ok store
. In this b l o ck are—M Bonn e m ason s o ffi c e,
-
. .
’
n d the m ill iner y shop of M

-
a e t for t h e Marse i
'
lles line o f stea ers

'
gn m
a rs ,
.
M D o ugl 1 At th e COrn e r of C alle Moreno is a l ar ge b uildin g ne wl y

‘ '
a
.
,
e rected the propert y of the Anchorena fam il y an

, d in fron t is th e Patent e ,
t he n e w ho se
1
0 tice .L ow er do w n is t he Supre m e Fed e ral Court then u ,
of Dr Q .uintana the "P ost ofiice the Braz ili an Consu1a te the L o tter y Offic e,
,
-
, ,
of Senor Al de coa At the corner of C all e E uro pa is th e

Buhl e i t
“
l the Itnh a n Hosp i
.
f Thé street ter minates w i

‘ 1 . ta 1 .
.
,
ros , and o e
l
n the b a i S
'
a c a i s th qu nt of e or G nsale
r a o z
1 1 n
'
1
t
st bloc k i
l as the ‘
ie h ack coaches
n
' 1
be
'
m ay
Universit y a n d Cha m b ers of Legislature i s w o f hous es belonging t o
a ro W
Mr Arm stron g At the n ext corner is a steam co n

. . fectionary Anoth er .
blo ck brin gs us to D on R ic ardo O She e s oll ice for m erly the r e sidence tof ’ ’
,
th e Bishop and vulgarl y c alle d Casa de l a

, dow n ”
a re t he o ffi ce of Pe y re die u 5 Bra d
-
l e y, broke rs an d Mr Ja m e s ;
,
.
C ar m en s barrac a ’
.
5 S TR EE T S AND S HOPS .
Ol iiu,
2 ’
nea r
d l ix l r l
S T REE T S R UNN I NG W E S T — N ORTH E D

N .
There are t hiity

L '
-
6ne streets runi l i
"
n g Wes t fr om the
‘ “ I '
river side arid W 6"

shall b egin w ith th o se 1 11 the north end
‘
Ca l le Pie da d i s the first stre et pa rallel w ith R iv a d av i a , and o

'
he o f th e
great business thorou g hfares .In the se cond block a re t he o f

fi c es of
“ E
m s Me m
ess ,
in o ne ter ar y Cl ub
Li r
l
1
i :
g
first bloc k i s the Asyl l m fqr ,

after Enngrant s ,
el N ex t CO‘ll l e Miss c h e s m illine ry shop ; Mr
.
l
’
,
an d Sha w s up holster y At the corn e r o f

’
.
rd At the corne 1 o f Art s 1 s the churc of

.
l g h ,
e find anothe r of the w oode n { .
nge rs w hen r a s flood the streets

in .
fashionable stre e t An chorena ?s a nd

. .
ter at the co rner of Sa n Martin bei ng l e t

, ,
.
in t his street are t he Fren ch a nd Sw e dis h :
Messrs Al l en Bai l e y
. Co Pa ssin g
the Qrit ish
be said to ter m inat e

t h e 1NI nj a sc onv e nt,
o
1
0 11
9 9 8
1
1 of ,11 1
l 11 11
g th
"fro m t his i s no er
d Ji
t w o w e stwa c
g l lm
Sp
qg Pfih e
o e t en a cres
s m .
'
P
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{ l
t i } a t»
"
D
(
L
.
S
. l gll lfij a
“
”16 1 -
0 1 11 ” 1 1 1 16 o w n.
1 1 1 n o” ll
'
iq
‘
m ut m
“ " —
“
11 11 M ? A1 1 1 51 ! W ! 1 biz 1
'
d 1 15 1 6 1 1 6
1 6 11 un i
t :m ! Jr '
‘
f 11
. 1 a u n: 1 1 u . .
“L M il t ith
-
l
nu
m ru 1 3 s u
o 1
1
11
/
15 1
’a
{
o rfi [ END u
uHz
'
3
1 1 1 116
I 6 1 1 11 11 1 ”
i s the fi r
Ca l l e Victm ia st str 6et parall el w ith in t he ; 1110 11111 , B 1 va da v1 a
s e ctio In the fir st b l ock a re Me ssrs Gabso n a nd N urray tailors ;
'
1 I
n .
i ,
.
id ih 6 53 1 616 1 6 6ilice : cr6ssi6 g Calle Peru we hav6on ;

r l
C6 a i
u
B ickle m an .
,
.
o n e s ide a Fren ch baza ar , a nd 611 the o th er th e Progres6 Club after w hic h

6 6111 6 the G er m a n Clu b, Esbe Co , Jo u rde NVe de k ind .
-
C ALLE S I OTQSI Al
, ,
“ ) Bl i -Q A NO
gy B -
Feh r Pass ing Calle E s m eralda i s th e A lca z a r ,
and then c o m es the Victori a theatre Five square s furt her w e pas s 5 .
the Plaza L ore a a nd at the sixte e nth b l ock fro m th e Plaza Victoria 1 5 th e
,
Bishop s chapel of Salin as atta che d to w hi ch IS the dioces a n se m i nar y for

’
, ,
ec clesias tics N osq uares fur ther IS th e British ce m eter y

. .
Ca l le P otosi runs fro m th e chap e l of San Ro que past the College ch u r ch , 23 ,
O ld Mark et and the conven t o f San J uan : near this ar e the

.
,
m a nsions of Gi bi
’
. l s a nd Terrero In this street are Mr Bil l ingh urst s . ,
.
a ucti o n roo m s Mr Binden broker ; Underw ood s upholster y Iturra spe

-
,
.
,
’
,
Co In the fo ur t et
. blo ck is a h andso m e qu inta once belo ng ing to the
late General Gui do and here th e I t a l ian s are buil ding a cha pe l of e ase
,
.
Ca l l e More no for m erl y San Fra nc is co begins at the C nna an d Debtors

’
, ,
prison In the se co nd block is WIr D r y sd a le s fin e ne w house a nd at th e

'
’
.
1 .
,
n ext corner a m assive buil ding b elo nging to t h e An chore n a s The next .
block is occupied by the Provinci al Go vern m ent house Sta te L ibrar y an d -

, ,
Model School We n ext pas s Kitchen 5 plu m ber 8 sh op and Mr Bernhei m s

.
’ ’
,
.
’
printing house and ty pe foundry : her e the « R epublican and French

-
pa pe r are pu bli s h ed In the fifth bloc k “a re th e reside nces o f the .
Steg m an fa m il y and Min ist e r A e l l a n e da T w o blocks f urther w e rea ch

y , .
,
t he Plaz a Monserrat .
Ca l le Be l gra no b egi ns w ith t h e c ur ch and convent

h I
i n th e seco nd block is the S ta nd a rd cfiice next ,

'
National Statisti c Dep art m ent In the next blo ck is t t he .
President of th e Republi c an d pa ssing the Plaz a Monserrat w e re ac h t he

.
,
ch urch of that na m e The origin of Monserrat w a s a s m al l cha pe l b uil t

.
here by Don Pe dro Sie rra w h ich w a s m ade a parish ch urch in 1 7 6 9 At ,

.
t h e foot of Calle Belgra no a w hale w a s w as hed ashore in 1 8 66 .
Ca l le Ve nez ue la —At the foot of this street is the te m porar y ter m in us of

the Boca R ail w a y There are so m e fine houses in this street e speciall y
.
,
that of Se nor Alz aga and finished i n m odern sty le w ith rich m arbl e
,
orna m ents In this street a re Pa a t s

. C c Murdock Henderson beer .
, ,
’
i m porters ; B ur m eister w o ol broker ; and Mr Sha w s great furni ture m art
,
-
. .
Ca l l e Me x ico begins at th e Plaza Ande s At th e corner of Chacab uco is .
’
Cabral s facto ry The Anglo Ger m an hotel i s in the se cond block
.
-
.
Ca l k Ch ile has nothing w orth y of not e .
Ca l l e Indep e nde ncia — In the third block is Mrs Pow e l l s boarding and da y ’
. .
school and in the seventh is the Con cepcion ch urch a fter w hi ch c o m e

, ,
the Plaza Indepen denci a a nd the Ej er cicios .
Ca l le s Esta d os Unid os and Eu r op a follo w next Nothing r e m arkable . .
Torres a nd Sch ick e da n tz , brokers , have a n ofiice a t 2 1 l E stados Unidos '
.
0 "
11 11 11 snoflsfi
7
’
i f th -
f
f
Ca l l e s Com e rcz o
”
an d Cochdbéz m ba —
I t he fi rst )findthe
"
’
‘
h we l
"
-a
Me ii s Hos pit al
’
1
1 Tel m o chu rch C om erci o ‘
arke and the ‘
In Call e
‘
m t
“
, ,
o h
C c aba ba t h h bl ock is the n ew F re nch co nve n t?
“
i
‘
f
m e nt , ,
1
"
Ca l le s Gz z m y and Bra z il r un fro mF air 5 q i nt a to t h e Pl a z a Con st ituci on l
'
’
ii
'' ‘
*
In the se cond w e pass t he chapel a n d schdol sof Sa fita Catalina

‘
’
.
“
Ca l le (721 3 13 7 1 1 is t lie ext rem e soi it y st artir ig fro m
'
it h e rn l im it of t he c
' '
' '
’
,
L ez a m a s q uinta p assin g that o f Gonz aIe s M oreno crbssih t h e So ut h e ih

'
’ l ’
di ‘ ‘
'
, ,
rail w a y ne ar t h e C on vale ce nci a a nd t er m inati ng a t t e i ie w Sout he rn l

'
h
'
b l
,
cte ry
‘
ce .
The 1?B e o y s c n a h l )
"
cit y u n s A re h ardl boast O I m nufa ur b
‘
y rn u c a c t e s ut ' ‘
,
”
t here 1 m p 0 1 ta nt industm e s Th é br e w er ie s of Mr Bieck h e i t ih l

'
‘
" "
.
of l Ifi Btihl e r Call e Bol ivhr ahd severa l hth e rs fl o a l arge

,
le
'
i
'
l
‘
‘
.
fiie ss
b us
j ’
The Coach fa ctor y bf Se nor Cabia l
' r
t h e
l
p r in
’
c ip a l q oi
'
ié i u l th e
q ,
’ '
dfi l try
x
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iut v ehicl e s e qual t 6
‘
mad e i n ‘3
Th er e ar e
’
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‘ ‘
e eral
‘ 1
g j ”
c l a ss ir0 n fo undries inc h l '
d
g s
'
s v ;
-
ri t o e of ‘
a r a l a ,
Ka yi J oh lll arsha l l b
'l i m
Pr ef/ions t o the year i86 5, l
'
'
' ' ’ '
us ,
S l “
biit Mr D e m irchi s fact o ry novfi
i ) ' ‘
a re also o n e ort w
ali
l dfa cttiiie s for i
undan cé T ‘ ‘ '
‘ ' ' ’ ’
.
,
aid severa l for t he’fabfi ai a ai io i

i l
mi neral
'
/ ' ”
outskirts are n um erous steam w a s

2
"
eifsrdM fi ‘ ‘
-
o nss .
by the h ealth officer an d an official fr o m the pontoon Castelli ; t h e latter asks
the cap tain w hat port h e com es fro m w here he got his cargo , and w h ois ,
his consignee ; h e then gives h im a print ed cop y of th e port regulations

'
asks for the general m ani fest of cargo and for alist (in a ny language )o f ,
ship s stores and supplies The capta in si gn s a decl aration of sa m e and

’
.
,
t he papers are take n ashore to the w harf inspector w h o trans m its the m to ,
the Escribania Marit im a The consignee then presents to t h e Mesa a .
d uplicate certificate fro m h is C o n sul w hereup on t h e Mesa calc ulat es the ,
p ort charges ac cruing and thes e h ave to b e paid into the Tre a sury z t h e
'
M esa gi ves a certificate of such p a y m ent to the consignee w ho then enters ,
the vessel in the o ffice of m ariti m e arrivals and sailings depositing th e ,

’
ship s papers Then the consignees or brokers acco m pan y the captain t o
.
e nter the ship in for m and the captain identifies th e ship s papers A ,
’
.
docu m ent is next dra w n up ratify ing th e m anifest and signed by the ,
captain the consignee or brok er and th e Custom s clerk The con si gne e
, ,
.
then m akes three copies (in Span ih ) f th e m ani fest of cargo and ship s ’
, s o;
stores th e fir st copy on st am p accord ing t o the tonnage the second on a
, ,
2 5 cent sta m p and the third on co m m on paper

.
,
Th e vessel is nex t .
entered w ith h e r cl as s (natio nality na m e p ort

‘
, i
.
, , , ,
“
consignee and date w h ich are n oted on t he thre e m anifests The firs t
, , .
1
m an ifest Wit h t h e shi p s p a p e rs is sent t o tha Con t adnria t he sec on d: t o
’
‘
, , ,
the R e sg uardo an d the thir d t o t he Al caidid Th e v e s el m a y the n b e gi n

'
’
s
.
,
il o
a d an d th e cons igne e sto le ok after thei r goods
'
‘'
t o ui
‘
1:
f " . n.
i
'
1 If 1
The ma te give s to the m aster o f e ach l ight e ra docu ment (i n a ny language )

‘
‘ ‘
“ sp e cify ing the goo ds de l ive re dg t heir m ark in um be r a nd g ett ing a

'
; »
, ,
re ce ipt for sa m e : t h e ligh ter m a n

'
p re se nt s ft h e
‘
at the w harf ,
'
«r e s ua rd o
w w here it is c o mpar e d w ith t he m anifest ; afte r w hich he m ak e s
‘
‘
g
o nt for it he va rio u5 1 d e p osit 3 to w hich the g oods a re : to sbe
‘
' ' '
1
.
.
.
for w arded The Resguardo nu m b ers and signs these ) p ap e l e t a s, which are
.
'
'
then trans m itted to the Al caide t o receive such goods The Al caide m ark s , .
on the « papeletas » the na m e ,of; t he employ ee w ho ha s t o re ceive the goods ,
a n d the deposit w here the

y are to be stored The e m plo y e e in question , .
o n receiving the d ‘ ive s a : receipt

;g for s am e Ia n d it h e « pap e letas » a re
'
g o o s ’
,
“
then r eturned 1 t o l t he Al ca idia lfna n d ‘ a rch ive d ! Afte r l the vessel 1 has
‘
1
:
d isch arged all h e r l car go the ll e sgua rdo tse rids an ofiice r t o'com p are t he l i st
'
f r -
,
cusr on
'
'
I 1 1
1
If a fter! e ight d a y s fro m arriv al a ve sse l h as not broken bnl k t th e

‘
v
’
’ '
'
con sig nee m a y req uest h er cl earan ce for ianot her p o rt : thi s shall b e on a
1
9 5 cent sta m p a nd on pa y m e nt of p ort d u es th e Ad m inist rator a ft e r th e

.
,
,
vi sit by the Resgua rdo shall re turn her pa p e rs a n d cl e a r he r ' Th e t rans i t

'
'
, .
'
o f goods n ot disc ha rged m a y be effec ted fe i he r by w rét o rno» in the sa m e
tr
v e sse l o r by « t r an ébordo
’
"
to another Duplic ate pet iti on s on 2 5 c ent » .
.
f
stam ps inu st be m ade se t tin g for th the n a m e of th e i m po rt in v ess e l an d
'
,
g
,
“
t hat of tran ship m e n t the destin a tio n o f t h e lat t er the m a rks c ontents an d
qualiti es of the goo ds; a n d t hese m u t be pres e nted to th e D re ct D esp a tc h

,
s
, ,
ofi cé o f th e Contad uria w it hin t w elv e da s a ft e r t he sh ip s ar riva l te

y A rm .
'
of for ty da y s 1 3 a ll o w e tl w hen the m a nife s t expresse s t h at th e

gbe d s a re for
1
,
"
t ra nship m ent t o a oerta in desti nati on : the s am e term is l a l l ow ed for
'
r '
'
'
1 11 m sa lt , and c hal
, Iii lik e manner g o ods soli cited fe r dir ect de sp atc h
. ”
w ithin eight da y s fro m the ship s arri val m a tr shipp d it i n ’
y be an e w h fort y da y s
in the m anner alre a dy stated .
! “
DE S F4 T C H
"
a j '
; J I;
D IR K
9
T
' .
.g
The cons i gnee h i s to d r a p

w u fo ur do hh m e n t s : l
a m anife s t oh 2 5 cen t ‘
.
sta m p a cop y 151 1 11 1 (i f l hdihg on 2 5 céht Sta mp a dd c opie s o f ea ch o f th e

1
,
1 .
,
foregoing o n c o m m o n be Sp e cifi ed t h e m ark and nu mbe r

of e ach parcel ,sp e ci qta t y q u
r li antity &e e rthér 1 11
'
'
, .
,
l oc
'
al or c onsig ne e m a y ip iit hf he w ish ‘
‘
« c on tents u nkn ow n and the pa pe rs a re then sent t o th e Contadu ria th e
consign ee e i ther p a y i n g the dh t és
i cash or
,
gi vin g the usu al gu a rantee ,

“ ,
T he pr ope r clerk the n puts de sp ach e se » on the mani fe sts a nd« confor m e »
.
1
«
,
o n the b1 l l of l adi ii a s al so on th e copies If t he c onsignee has put

o
'
g
1
'
“
.
,
« contents unkno w n » th e inspe c tor p ro ce e ds t o open th e c ase and not e

do wn it s contents h e co ns ignee pre sents the doc um e il t at t he Conta
T .
d uri a th e clerk s tamp ssa m e and sp ecifies the e m plo ye e vvh o 1 3 t o desp atc h
' '
, ,
the goods This docu m e nt m ust n ext b e c ounter signe d by the p r op e r

.
-
Vista w h o sends it to the w arehouse m an retaining the m ani fest fo r

, ,
com parison The w are h ouse in anha s to w ei gh the goods or m easure t he m

'
’ ' '
.
.
Th e Vista a ssesse s th e m a the v aluation in the tariff and i f not exp resse d
t 1
, ,
there in h e put s h is ow n v alu atio n

,
In cas e the i m porter resist th e .
‘
val uat ion a nd that th e Vis ta (16 no t alte rit within t hree the Custo m
'
house shall be obliged to ;tak e the goo ds a t su ch v aluation

‘
If the goo
‘
ds be .
da m aged they m ust be sol d bx a uction within fi ft ee n da y s , and the dutie s

64 1m 1
ssessed at 2 3 per cent under t h e au ct ioneer s return s In all c ases of

a .
’
.
disagree m ent bet w een the m erch ant and th e Vista it shall b e decided by
th e 1Tariff
'
w hos e d e cree t here 1 s no appe al for good s
‘ '
o
s p e cifie d in t he tariff 1 The Y 1 8 t 1 th en w rite s « d e s pachado » on t h e cop y

' 1 1
. .
.
,
a n d t h e m a nifest 1 8 se nt t o The Alc aldia cl ears the g oods ,
hi id cop - In c o m estibles a n d liquors the V i sta ofte put

.a nd g c a r v e s sa
y ; , j
. n s
« despach ado » b efore m easuri n g the m but the m easu re m ent is after w ards , ,, ,
1 n ote d 1 Th e C o ntaduria recovers the d uties cash w hen not a m ount in g t o

.
,
S or if th e re be no bail All : d uties pa yable cash m hst be sa tisfie d

.
,
.
, _
1 1 1 t h1 n fi 1 e days fro m not i fi c ation

. ,
t
. consigne e in p ay ing the dutie s . ,, ,
m ust t ak e a f m e m orandum of : the ir ; a m ount from t h e L C onta duria to ; t he

‘
i
,
Te sore riay w hich lat ter office give s1 a re ceip t ; in due form T he Contadur ia
‘
' ’
-
.
d ra w s ; bil l s at fo u r m ont hs w hich a re p r e sented to the consigne e s a nd , , .

, ,
m ust 1 be 1 a ccepte d w ithin five d ay s w here up on t he y a re sent in to th e

. _ ,
. .
1 N atio nal Tr e as ur y ; ; E xtra duties m ust be p aidz cash :in {pre cisel y the sa m e :
PASS E NGER S ’
LU GGA G E AND srn cra .
Luggage par cels and sdii ipl es m aybe la nded at the passengers w harf
’ i ' '
’
, ,
i h ut it d b f t h e g ist e d for Th e
w t o p m e r n fl n e o r e
u
e
r er )
n g .
d m s h
t l a ng ag a t ch es
1 1Be sgnar 1 0 e x a l n e e
,
it if the iv l h a u e b e u n d e r $ 1 0 s ; unde r
S , the Vist a ca l cul at e s the

$ 5 0 .
I e ctor f he Re s u rdo
e a d
b p i u j thi nsp
t o e o
t gs
I f he 1 l u be p er $
t v a e < y 5 0 5 , “t h e B e s g u l d
a t q S
to 1 t he C u tom s house w h -
e r e
u
t h e, A l ca id i a isa m e“
m a y a1s o e h d p a
,
b e s t ch e d h y, ht e R e s u
‘
a rd o , 1 1 1 t hout w ai tin g for
o
t h t o
b e for m all e nt ered but in c a se the consigne e 116 11 131 w ish t o run sk
y
o f ope ning the parce l l t he Re s guard os ea l s the sa m e t ellin g t h e cons g1 e e
1 1
h
t t a h e m ust pro d uc e 1 t in t h e s a1n e co n di t i o n w ithin fort y e ig ht ho u r s at -
t h Te soreria un de g p a i
e n 0 1 3 50 0
1
The I
T r e a sur
y cou n ts lt a
l
n d d elivers it “
1 .
1; HGQ S 1
OD 110 1
1 11 13 110 5 1 1 .
v
. m 1
. .
Permit e q storin ggoods are s d

up l ica e t s} ;
11 1 1 t
11 6 110 d
1
e l
1 qé s e
rip t h i?
ll
conte nt Sp f the dp
an d . r
fl
66 C U ST O M H O U SE -
.
whi ch ii t urn p asses all y it 1 5 s ent to the ofi ce

i it to the Résgu
f
of clearances or « salidas a ul tra m ar ves sel IS then r eady tore ceiv e
c argo In s hipping p rodu ce tha t is ubj ee t to exp or t d uties the s hipper
s
.
m us t p resent t w o per m its on 2 5 cent sta m s s p t ’

ecif ing h e ship 5 na m e
p y : , ,
&c and the p roduce to be shipped as als o the point of s hip ment The
.
, ,
.
«Mesa de Salidas » giv es a ticket for s uch ship m ent If the ship m ent be
m ade fro m the old or n e w C usto mhouse t he « bole to » m ust b e she w n to
-
,
t he Re sguardo and the b a rraqu ero or shipper sends off each cart w ith a
,
« p apelet a » expressing t h e shi

p
’
s na m e t h
e lighter the n ature
,
of goods , ,
a n d th e sh ip p e r z th is « papeleta » is given to the R esgu a rdo The lighte r .
b eing fully laden pro ceeds to the ship and thus ea ch l ighter goes till a l l ,
the cargo is shipped If the goods a 1 e to be ship ped fro m Barracas th e

.
R esguardo sends an oflicial to w eigh or co unt the m at th e b ar r aca in th e

a ct of shi pm ent The ba rraquero give s the li ght er m an a « pa pelet a» o f
t he goo ds shipped w ith the na m es o f the shi pper the li ghter and t h e , ,
by t he o fi ci a a nd
v essel re ceiving ; this « pape leta » is co unt e rsign e d “ f l
after w ards pr esented at th e Re sg u a rdo w h i c h gives th e l ighter m an a
l ‘
.
,
« pa savante » to the Bo ca Here the se cond B e sguar do gi ves ano th

.
th i rd Resguardo situate at m ou th of the Bia ch i ie l o If t e

,
(the
a ny suspicion of s m uggl in g it se nds an of iicia l t o
h
nen the loa ding
1
.
superi t d
”
W hen t he s hip m ent is m ade fro m the Boc a t he sa m e for m aliti es:a re
observed As soon a s all t he cai go is shippe d the Res guardo retur ns
’
« boleto » t o the shipper w h o tak e s it tothe C onta duria a nd L iquidacion for

,
p ay m ent of the expe rt du ties The « Mesa de salidas » havin g assessed t h e

.
a m o unt of t hese t h e sh1 p p e r then goe s to t he Tesoreria and pa y s sa m e

, ,
getting a r eceipt fe r t he a m ount If the shipper ha s a ny « bol tos de.
e
tra nsito » th es e a re deducted fro m the duti es Inth e event of shipp ing
goods that are duty free the sam e f0 1 m al 1 t1 e s a re gone throu gh as alr ead y
e xpressed except a s r a rds duties
,
y
.
S H IP M E T N IN T RA I T
NS .
When a m erchant has obtained a per m it o f « re e m barco » in the m anner -
alre ad y exp l ained h e take s it to the Al ca idia to be sta m ped &c E ithe r , ,
.
of t he t ra n sit olhce s in t he old or n e w Custo m house re ceives the per m it

l
-
,
afte r w hi ch t he R esguardo is no tifi ed tha t it m ay oversee the tranship m en t

,
a nd then e hdorse the per m it previous to the inspe ct or returning it to the

,
m erchant If the s hip ment takes place at the Boc a the Re sguar do
.
superintends the o eratio n and e i se s the per m i t « e m barc ado

p i dor Th e .
CL E A R NG
I v1: ss s
. 67
goods bein g re e m bark e d the m erc han

-
t p res en t s the p er m it a t th e
Contaduria which a ssesse s the w arehous e fees to be paid at the Tesoreria ,
,
t he l a tter giv ing re ceipt for sam e i n due for m .
BE- E X P O R TA T I O N OF GO O D S
G oods that h a ve been dul y cleared an d have p aid duties m ay be aga in

sh ipped fo r foreig n ports in this m anner : t w o per m i ts for expor tatio n ar e
presented to the « Mesa de salidas on a 2 5 cent sta m p w ith the us ual »
,
p a rticulars and specify ing that the g oods h ave al read y pa id d uty ; t h e
p er m it is t hen sent to the B esg ua rdo w ho o verse es the s hip m ent
0 f
,
.
CL EAR N I G VE S S EL S F OB A B R O AD .
Whe n a vessel has taken in a ll her cargo the c onsignee gives on o ath a
ful l return of sa m e according to the bil ls o f lading to the « Mesa de
, ,
s alidas ,
w hich sends h im
» to the « despacho directo » ; the latter oflice
co m pare s the papers to see if the vessel has d is charged all the c argo
,
expre sse d in her m anifest on arrival in port But if it happ en that there .
are good s not cleare d by the consignees the office w ill require a certificate ,
fro m th e Al ca idia tha t such goods are in deposit before cle a ring the vessel ,
.
These for m alitie s bein g ful filled t h e m erchant presents to the Oficina de
,
E ntradas a petitio n w ith sa m e sta m p a s that for breaking b u l k b egging ,
that the vessel m ay be cleared for such or such port This per m it i s
. .
granted w ith the note (a fter pa y m en t of duties ) and the per m it i s sent t o ,
the Mesa de Salidas The m erch a nt next p resents a Guia on 83 sta m p

.
,
expressing ship s na m e class &c an d a full m anifest o f al i b er carg o

’
'
.
, , ,
the m anifest is countersigned by the Ad m i nistrador and Contador and th e n ,
g iven to the c aptain .
C P T AI
A
’
N S AND H E AL TH PAPER S .
Before clearing a vessel th e Mesa de Salidas sh all calculate fro m the

consul ar papers the a m ount of port d ues including the hea l th paper w hic h
-
,
-
,
the captain sh all p a y at th e Tesoreria in th e sa m e m anner

“
a s the entranc e ,
dues on arrival The Mesa the n advi ses the con sul by cert ificate that the
.
v e ssel i s dul y cl eared an d notifies th e Capitania i n like m ann er The

,
.
$ 2
68
.
r ‘
C U ST O M H O U SE
-
.
ca p tain having pro cured th e certi ficates for his Consul and the Capitania .
also the shi p s m a ni fest and health p at en t he pro ceeds to th e Cohsul at e for
'
,
hi s navigat ion p ap ers lodged there on arrival : after this he ge e s t o t he

‘
Consul of the count 1 y of his destinat ion to ha ve his papers « visé e d t h en

, ,
to the Capitania to p ay light dues and finall y to the Resguardo on the

,
m ole t o have his m anifest co m pared w ith t h e « papeletas » gi ven on

ship m ent of produce When once cleared the vessel can do n o operation
.
f urther than to recei ve l uggage w hich m erel y passe s inspection on the

,
m ole . For prov1 s1ons the captain cons ignee or bro ker m ay at a ny ti m e
, , , ,
dra w up a p er m it on a 2 5 cent sta m p and p resent it the Mesa de Sal i da s

, ,
w hi c h at on ce grants sa m e subj ect to the surveillan ce of t h e Resgua

, D
rdo .
a w proper for the y ear w ill be found 1 11 Secti

'
(T h e Custo m s-
l o n A).
BA KS
g
7 N AND (3 0 11 11 1 11 1 13 5 .
t w ent y y ears a go there w as a « Ca m ua ti» at th e house n ow occupied by

Manigot th e ba tt e r in Calle Florida ; this is a Guarani w ord signify ing a
,
beehive a nd th e na m e w a s still applied to the various poin ts of re union

,
-
a s cir cum stan ces obliged a change o f lo calit y fro m ti m e to ti m e The .
house w hi ch is now the Tribune oflice w a s expressl y taken for the purpose ,
and a k ind of so ciet y established till p ut do w n by the police agents of ,
R osas A Fren ch broker na m ed L oiseau took a hous e next the public baths
.
in Calle Piedad and revi ved the associati on : subseq uentl y it re m oved to
Calle Victoria and then to Calle Piedad n ext door to the Cafe de Suizos
, , ,
w here it w a s again put do w n by t h e police A fe w day s after the fall of .
R osas (1 8 5 2 )the « Ca m uat i» again ass e m bled ina store b elonging to Mr , .
Ar m strong near the corner of Piedad an d Re conq ui sta It w a s transferred

,
.
t o Ha e do s house in Calle San Martin and on the 1 0 th J ul y 1 8 5 4 a regular

’
, , ,
Bolsa w a s established a t a m eeti n g of 1 1 8 m erchants an d broker s in the

, .
'
hall of th e Tribunal of Co m m erce A co m m ittee w as fra m ed of Messrs

,
. .
Llavallol G o w l and , Moreno Monasterio Pi co Bie dma Born e fi e l d Casares

, , , , , , ,
Martinez de Hoz L y n ch Serna and Soron do w ho took th e h ouse w here

, , , ,
Mr Hart s ofiice now is and he re th e Bolsa w a s l o

.
’
,
c ated for som e y ears In .
1 8 6 0 it w a s resolve d to build a n e w Bolsa a nd a joint stock co m pan y w a s ,

-
for m e d w i t h a capital of $ 1 3 8 0 0 0 0 , in shares of $ 1 0 0 0 each th e

, , , ,
.
buil ding w as co m pleted in a y e ar an d a half a nd inaugurated w ith gre at ,
po m p by Ge n era l Mitre in Februar y 1 8 6 2 , Th e su bsc r iption is $ 5 0 a .
m onth and the a nnua l profits are dist r ibu te d thu s ; 9 0 per cent to the
'
, .
shareh o
“
l ders , 1 0 p e r cent to the m e m be rs in general T e inst it ut on ma s
.
h i
. .
b e e n so suc cessful that th e shares are at a high pre m iu m and di fficult to b e

obtain ed: the annual dividends are 1 2 or 1 5 p e rcent No on e ca nbeco m e .
a m em ber unl ess reside nt over t w el ve m on ths 1 n the c o untr y and e n" aged
in co mm ercial pursuits besides b eing reco m m ended by a m ercha n
,
t .
Brokers m ust hav e t w o re co m m en dations

. Con suls are ad m itted a s .
h onorar ym e m bers Ship c aptain s are ad m itted fre e

. .
im PR O V I N C IAL
‘
‘
r BANK .
Th e Ca sa de Mone da or Provincial B ank 2 9 Calle Sa n M artin , w a s

, ,
fo unde d oh Januar y 1 5th 1 8 2 2 by a m eeting of foreign and native

m e rchants presided over by the Finan ce Minister Don Manuel G a r
,
cia its ,
firs t operations bei ng m erel y as a discount bank In 1 8 2 6 it w a s converte d .
into a national bank under th e title « Banco de las Provin ci as U nid as : 1

,
)
this m turn m ade w a y for the Casa de Moneda Ill 1 83 6 , and as the c urrenc y
’
,
PR O V I N C IAL 1
'
BA K N . 71
had been fr e quently tam pered w ith 11 1 the inter im by suc cessiv e e m ission s, ,
th e value o f t h e pa p er dollar fell from 4 sh illin gs a s l ow a s s ix pence

, , .
In 1 82 6 the ci rculating m edi um a m ounted to $ 2 6 9 4 8 56 the exc h ang e , , ,
b eing quote d1 11 Fe bruar y of tha t y e ar at $ 1 8 to the doubloon or a bout , .
4 4 pen ce t o the dollar In O ctober 1 8 2 9 the rat e w as 1 0 8 to t h e doubloon

.
,
o r 7 % pen c e to the doll ar a nd fro m th is t i m e the c urrenc never re covere d

, y
itself ; w hen Rosa s refor m ed the b ank in 1 8 3 6 the circulation a m ounted
_
t o 1 5} m illions the rate bei ng 1 2 2 t o the doubloon

,
But the subsequent .
d epreciation o f t h e c urrenc y w as rap id and ruino u s ; m any peopl e suddenl y

l ost large fortunes so violent w ere th e fluct uations i n e ven one da y
,
Th e .
e m issions o f 1 83 7 3 9 a m ounted to
-
0 0 0 and i n h o ve m be r of the
, ,
latter y ear the currenc y sto od at $ 3 00 lea ving the paper doll a r w orth ,
B ut it had not y e t tou ched « bathos for m the follo w in g y ear (1 8 40 )Ro sas
,
e m itted and the lu ck les s p ap e r doll ar fe l l to 1 3 pen ce or 57 0 »

,
t o the do ublo o n Nevertheless a recu perati ve per iod ensued during a

.
,
ter m of six y ears w ithout a ny fres h e m iss ion i n 1 8 4 4 the dolla r had r isen
a s h igh a s 4 pen ce or 2 0 0 to th e doubloon
,
an d con tinued so ti l l the clos e
,
“
of 1 8 45 . In Janu a ry 1 8 46 R osa s e m itted a nd the curr e n c y
fell c onsiderabl y belo w 2 pence : t he circulation n ow a m ounted to
A fter the fall of Rosa s the e m issions gre w m ore frequent ,
v 1z,
t w o in 1 8 5 2 an d fi ve in the y ear follo w i n g in a l l
,
Then ,
'
wa s invented the a m ort iz a t ion by burnin g w ere b urned i n 1 8 5 3

,
a fter th is the paper doll ar i m proved to 2 1 pe n ce at w hich figure it w a s ,
al m ost stationar y for a long ti m e War w ith G eneral Urquiz a ensued in

.
1 8 5 9 and an e m ission of
,
too k place , the dollar a gain fal ling t o
2 p en ce . A second civil war broke out i n 1 8 6 1 w h ich c alled for ,
m or e and further deprec iate d the curren c y t ill it w a s j ud ge d

, ,
e xpedie nt to pass a l a w de clarin g a n y future e m ission il legal A t the sa m e .
t i m e th e b u r ning w a s 1 e sort e d to m onthl y a nd ,

w ere thu s ,
cons u m ed w hen an oth er l a w w a s m ade to stop the sa m e Septe m b er 9 t h

, , ,
1 863 . At t h e be ginni ng of 1 8 6 4 the ci rcul atio n a m ounted to

an d in the ab sence of w ar s orfresh e mi ssions the m one y m arket susta ine d -
a long and painful cr is is f1 om en or m ous spec ulation The fl uctuation s .
w ere ruinous to th e honest h ard w ork ing tra des m en a n d also affec t ed the
-
,
pr ice of staple a rticles of produce A gi ea t outcr y w a s m ade various .

,
sche m es w ere proposed for a fixe d curren c y an d la w s w ere passed under

'
G overnor Saavedr a s ad m in istrat ion w h 1 ch pro ved illus ory to w ards bringing
’
a ny r e m ed y In 1 8 6 6 the Alsina cab inet boldl y established an Oficin a de

.
Ca m bios w here gold and p a pe r w ere freely given at 2 5 « peso s to th e

,
»
h ard dollar not w ithstan ding all m anne 1 of e vil predictions , the currency
.
BA KS n t u
' '
i s
72 N AN D c o m mun e s .
r em ai ned ever sihce at th 1 s flied v al uat 1 on of 2 p e n

:
h as c e to the pape r
u
d olla r, a nd the benefit to 1 e 1 t 1 m ate trade h asbeen incal cn<r
l abl e the cit y
m e rchants pre se nted G o vernor Adolfo Al siha and h is Fi nan ce M inister ,
Don M aria noVa él a, with a h andso me gold m edal The l ast reform of t he
r
.
bank con stitu t ion w as in 1 8 5 4 wh en it w a s deno min ated « Ba nc o Cas ade

’
,
y
a nd m an y w h o l e s ome 1 m p roven1 én t s w e re
'
Moneda de Bue nos A y res

'
insti t u ted by th e advice of D r Velez Sa rsfi e l d This dist i ngui s . hed .
sta tes m an i s re garde d al m ost a s th e founder of the h ank a n d h is full ,
l en gt h p ortr ai t is se en in t he board room The b o ard is co m pos ed hf -

.
s ixtee n m erch ant s , on e h al f foreigners an nu all y n am e th e Pi oviucial

'
G overn m ent The dire cto rs sit dail y for th e t ra nsact i on of bu sin ess The
'
. .
o l d ba n k no tes of the t ime o f R osas h ad th e m o t t o « L ong l ive the Re s t ore r

'
of th e la w s ! De ath t ot he foul and sa vage Unitarios th ese are v er yr ar e .
n ow Th e c urren cy of 1 8 5 4 printe d in L ondo n h ad e m bl e m atic dev ice s

.
,
“ ,
of co m m er ce an d industr y tlia engravi ng w a s good b ut th e pap e rinferio r

, ,
.
In 1 8 6 4 m achiner y w a s pr ocured fr om E ngl and ai id a n ew issue i ha de t he ,
pa per bei ng so bad as to cru m bl e a wa y in a few day s a n d offe ring e ver y ,
facilit y for forger y The first b ank for g ries in B osa s s t ime w ere r udel y ’
“
.
e
exe cute d a sa m pl e bei ngst ill k e pt 1 11 the Museu m and t he de l ihque nt w as
'
' '
shot Irilate y ears for gi ng bank notes ha s unfortu natel y bec ome a consta nt
'
-
.
practise an d a con siderahl e prop ort ion of t he c urrenc y is forg ed sq

' '
, ,
cleverlyas fr eque ntl y toescape det ect io n Then ew he t e s h ow eve r pri nted
'
r
.
, ,
by the Ne w York B an k n ot e Co in 1 8 6 8 are of very superio r q ual ity an d

' ’
-
.
, ,
h encefor w a rd fo rgery Will be e x tr emel y di ffi cult The o rdinar y currenc y

'
consist s of n ote s of 1 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 and 5 0 0 0 , , , , , , ,
th us r anging fr om 2 p e n ce t o £ 40 : besides the se the re are sp e cie n ht és of

'
-
v arious val ue s to a h igh a m ouri The b an k has gre at fisc al pr ivilege s a nd

‘
t .
,
in bank ru p t c ases enj oy s a priority ov e r 11 11 ot hercre dito rs No ot he rbank

' '
in B uen os A y r es ha s rig ht of is su e D e p 0 5 1 ts for th e l a w c ourts a n d publi e

.
-
de p a rt m e nts gai nno int e r est : m one ys bel bn g ing to m i nors are 0 1 da re d to
w ‘ ‘
be lo dged her e but gai nthe usual int erest The Weste rn R ai lw ay o w e s
,
.
.
k i m Moreno to Chasc o m us
3 to the b an for the sect o s fro
'
5 9 ,
n ,
.
D ur in gthe P araguayan wa rt he G ov er n ment obtaine d gr e at facilities in th e '
n e go tia t ioriof p ubli c funds e m itt ed for the purp o se on the g uara nte e of
l ’ ' ’
extra duties The b ank p rofits are l arge and go to increa se its capital
'
. .
,
The Dire ctors receive no sala ry A m on g the i m prove m ents of re cent y ea rs

’
have been the o pening o f a ccounts current and the establi sh ment of eight ,
“
b ranches throughout th e Province : th e fi rst branch a t Sa n Nicolas w a s

'
, ,
established in 1 8 6 3 The b an k p aper m on e y i s de clared a leg al tend er

.
througho ut th e w h ole Republic It i s p roposed t o b uild a n ew b ank on th e .

74 11 1 11 11 5 A11 1) CO M PANIE S .
Argentine Be ubl ic to recei ve s m al l su m s at interest fro m the w orki ng

, ,
c l asses The clerk s speak English Fr e nc h Por ugu ese ish & c
.
t , , ,
.
F ore igners abou t to travel up th e Ur uguay through Entre a n d th e ,
Banda O riental w ill find it c onven i e nt to

, p rovide the m sel ves w ith a letter
o f credit fro m the Mau a Bank o f Bu e nos Ayres or M ontevideo as o win g to , ,
its nu m ero us branches in the different t ow ns d raft s on thi s b ank are ,
e very w her e received the sa m e as cash : the c hi ef circulating m ediu m at a l l

the saladeros and estan cia s onthe Uru g u ay 1 5 Mau a bank paper The .
Mau a Bank i s the largest real estate holder in the Riv e r Plate o w nin g
'
,
i m m ense estates on either side of the Uruguay as also larg e properties in ,
an d about Buenos Ayres and Montevideo Unlike the London and Rive r .
Plate Ban k the head establish m ent of th e lil a ua Bank i s in Bio J an e y ro ,

,
w hils t the bank here is b ut a b r an ch The ba nking office in Calle .

-
,
C an gallo w hich the bank holds in fee is on e of the finest buildings l n th is

, , .
c ity built by a w ealthy Paraguayan gentle m an in 1 8 6 1 w ho sol d it to th e

,
,
Baron Mau a in 1 8 6 6 The cl ose proxi m ity o f the b ank to the Bolsa renders
.
it a m ost co n venient establ ish m ent for the « al m a ceneros » and dealers w ho ,
have so steadily s upported thi s bank Mr Souz a the deput y m ana ger , . .
,
-
speaks English flue ntl

y and 1 5 m ost attentive to strangers Mr W hite is th e
, . .
head book kee p er The bank regulations are as follo w s

. 1 st Bills and -
o bligations w ith good signature s a r e disc o unted on conventional ter m s .
2 ud Money is advan ced on m erc antile a n d other se curities approve d of b y

.
,
t he Manager 3 rd Accounts current are o ened w ith m erc antile or othe r

. .
p
p arties w h o m a y prefer depositi n g en dorse d a nd transfer able securities ,
a gainst w h ich they m a

y dra w up to an a m ount p reviously convened "nder
u
c onditions established for such class of operations 4t h Money is receive d . .
in a ccount current bearin g interest fro m day of deposit w hich is

, ,
a ccu m ulated in fa vor of the p arties ever y three m onths the depositor s .
,
b eing allo w e d to dra w at any t i m e b y m eans of cheques pa 1 t or the full

, ,
a m ount at their w ish save w h e n the quantity exceeds 3 0 0 doubloons or

,
c h ca se fort y eight h urs p re vm ns notice is requ iz e d

m /c in w h i
p
’
-
.
,
l
t o be gi ven at the treasury of the b ank 5th Bil l s or letters of credit are . .
dra w n an d taken o n Mont e 1 1 de o R o sario Santa F é Salto (Banda O riental ) , , ,
P a y sa n dii Bio Jan e y 1 o a n

, d other pla c es in Braz il E ngl and a nd Fran ce as
, , , ,
a lso on other pla ces of w hich n ot ice w ill be gi ven l 1 e re a ft e 1 The estab
,
l ish me nt is a l 11 a y s ope n fro m 0 A M ti 11 3 P M The Sa vings Bank at ’
£ . . . .
,
N o 1 0 3 Calle Cangallo i s o pen fro m 9 A M till 3 P M eve l y da y for the

,
. . .
,
re ception of th e savi ngs o f the w orking classe s S und ay s a n d h olid ays ,
e xcepted Th e bank w ill deliver to each depositor a p a ss book in w hich

.
-
,
w ill b e entered t he a m o u nt deposite d a nd w ithdra w n The depositor 1 s .

L O ND O N AND m vnn PLA T E BAN K . 75
per m itted at any ti m e to w ithd ra w th e who le or pa rt of th e sum dep osite d ;

i n the for m er case the int erest w il l b e cal cul ate d up to date l st Th e . .
bank rec eives at intere st a ny sum fr o m $ 2 5 m e 2 nd The interest all o w e d . .
is 6 per cent p er annu m w hich IS li quid ated every six m onths 3 rd Th e

.
,
. .
depositors can at any ti m e w ithdra w the w hole or p art o f the m oney deposited .
'
l or th e
4 t h O nce th e m on ey deposited exce eds $ 2 1 0 0 0 m g
. S ,
.
,
depositor if he w ish es can open an ac coun t cur rent acc ording to the rul e s
, , ,
e stablished by the bank The Mau a Bank as w e ll as t h e Londo n and Rive r

.
,
Plate Ba nk subscribes liberall y to al l local chariti es

,
.
T HE EN G LI SH B AN K .
Th e L ond on a nd Rive r Pl a te B a nk established on l st January 1 863 w a s

, , ,
'
fi rst s ituate in the h cmse of S e nor E lor tondo 8 0 Calle Piedad and n ow ‘
, ,
oc cupies th e fi ne n e w b uildin g at the c orne r of Piedad and R e conquista .
The bank w as started by a n um ber of L ondon m erchants m any of w ho m ,
h a d so m e c onnection w ith the Rive r Plate th e authorised c apital b e in g ,
£ 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 sterling , in £ 40 sh ares subscribed capital

, , ,
and
p a id up capital £ 6 0 0 the m ana g e m en t w a s entrusted to Mr J H . . .
G reen a m erchant of m any year sstan ding h e re ; and the e m inent fina ncier
’
, ,
Don Norberto Riestra w as n am e d Cons ul tin g D irector The suc cess of t he .
bank w as very de cided fro m th e outs et an d it soo n b egan t o r ul e e xc_hang e

‘
, _
o n E ngland The introducti o. n of so large an a m o unt of Engl ish gold had ,
am t im e a m ost healthy effe ct o n our m oney m ark et a nd since th at

, ,
p eriod a ll other ki nds of coi n have al m ost disap eare d w h ile the E ngl is h
p ,
sovereign previously unkno w n h a s n o w b eco m e the c urre nt spe cie of th e

, ,
c ountry E ng l ish h ab its o

. f business h ave al so gained stren gth in our .
cos m op oli ta n tra di ng c omm unity and th e ba nk h a s ins en sibly pro ved
, .
a p ow e rful m e diu m i n the ind ustrial refor m ation w h ch is be ing ha pil y

i p
The st aff of clerk s quickl y r ose fro m thr ee to a
c
w ork ed out a m ong u s . .
dozen and n ow nu m b er sth irty sh o w ing h o

,
w the b usi,
ne ss o f the estab l ish
‘
m e nt has gro w n i n six years w hile b r an ch e s have also b een e stablished a t
,
R os ario and C ordoba besid es th e h o use in Montevid eo w hich last w a s

, ,
founded si m ultaneously w ith that of Buenos Ayres D uri ng the Parag uaya n .
w a r the bank lent v al uable aid to the Na tio n a l Go v e1 n m e nt by fin ding funds ,
and m a king advanc es w hen circu m stances 1 e n de re d such negot iations m ore
o f a f ie n dl y fa vor than a b usiness transaction Nevertheless the ba n k .
,
has not yet been ab le t o obta in a r ight of issue in Buen os Ayres as thi s ,
p rivileg e de pends on th e Pi ovincial G o1 e rn1n e nt w hich gi1 es th e Stat e ,

“ ‘ ' i
r ‘y r
,
C oni
l t
6
1 1
B AN K S AND ha r mcs .
“
his reg ard In 1 86 6 a p a ni c having arisen a m o n g .
,
had depo sits in the Provincial (or State )Bank

’ '
Gr een c am e for w ard pr om pt l y to it ssup po rt as did al s ot he 111111 1 Bank ,
th e l e a din g capitalists of the city Mr Riestra resigned his po st as D ir ector . .
in 1 8 6 5 being a ppoi nte d t ogo to L ondon to negotiate t he loan

,
Durin g .
’
s o m e critic a l m onetary peri od s t he ban k has pa s sed safel y and ho norably ,
a nd the R osario bra nch ha s b een e quall y suc ces sful : the Cord oba braiich
'
does littl e as yet Iii1 8 6 6 n e w s h ar es £ 20 e ach were e m it t e d in L ondon

.
, , ,
r aising the subscr ibed ca pit al to £ 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 a n d the re serve fund in 1 86 8 , , ,
a m oun ted to The annua l d ivide nds fro m the co m m ence m ent
have range d b et w een 1 0 and 1 5 per cent , a n d the shares are al w ays at a ,
,
,
good pre m i um The pre m ises fi rSt t ak e n in C alle P iedad w ere foun d
.
in sull icie n t m 1 86 4 and t h e bank p ur chased th e corner bui ldin g of C alle s

,
F l orida a nd Ca n gall o ; but th is w a s a f ter w ards So l d at a p r ofi t 1i t bein

lI g ,
resolved to ere ct a proper b a nk at the corn e r of Calle s Pieda d a n d

Re conquista Thi s handso me st ruct ure is one of t h e r a ments of our city
on
.
,
1
a n d m t he b est b usiness loc ality It w a s co mm enc ed l n January 1 8 6 7 , an d .
is no w co m pleted ; Mr H unt of this cit y w a s t he a rc hi te ct and h ad great

'
.
,_
suc cess in the style of archit e cture ch ose n 1 v11 1 ch is of the Ro an Corl nt hm n
’ ‘ '
m
-
,
ord er . The r oof czi m e o ut fr om En gl an d an d is a very fi ne piece of ,
w ork m a nshi p e x t ie m e l y lig ht a n d at t h e sa m e tim e of g 1 eat strength

, ,
.
’
O ver the p ri n cip al door w ay i s pl aced a clock by Frodsha m of Lo ndon , ,
w h ich b e s ,
ides ad dingto the finish o f t he b uil ding 1 s of great use in th at ,
p art of the city w h er e ifié t ia fiic i s l arge Th e grand h al l 1 3 90 feet lo ng

.
by 4 5 fe et bro ad and the ceiling i s 4 2 feet high em br a cing t h e entire

, ,
he ight of the buildi ng: th e fl oorin cf th e hall is c ompose d f Winto ns ’
“ g o
p ate n t til es Besid es the gha hd h all the re a re manage r 3 r oo m s consul ti n ’
g ,
.
id w aiting r oo m s cl er ks lu n ch e on and dressi hg rooms; an d ort ers

'
ai
’
,
“ t p )
q uarte rs E v e ry possib l e m od ern 1 p ro ve m e n t ha s ee n 1 nt roduce d in
.
m h
fitting up th e e stabl ishm ent The furiiishings are by Rough a nd Son of
l
.
' '
St Paul s Churchyar d a nd a re of t he best de écrip tiori const ruct ed on th e

.
’
, ,
l
inost i m pro ved p l ans ; w it h e veryth ing c ond uc i ve t o faci l itat e th e de spatc h
o f b usines s .
"
The ca shie r sco unter for p a y ing a nd recei ving m oney has a , ,
s w e ep o f 6 0 ft in le ngth The vau l ts undern eath a re p erhap s one of t h e

. .
most interesting featu res in the building a hydraulic lift of c o nsidera bl e

The ro om is 4 8 ft
'
po w er l o w ers the bullion do w n w ith a v e ry easy

‘
i n length by 1 2 ft i n w idth divided in t o thre e s eparate com pa rt m ents by

‘
.
,
strong iron bar s; e a ch co m p artm ent is la id off w ith m arbl e sh el ving an d

‘ ' '
they are capable of acco m m odati ng b esides t h e treasure of t h e bank any , ,
quantity of v a l uables t hat m a y be pla ced ther e for s afe custody The
‘
.
n
’ l
mum s Ann co mi
'
.
fim m s .
u th
Argentines there are also soii
b ut ie En l ish m e n a n d o e r forei er
'
,
g gn s
holding a la rge nu m ber of sh ares Oilice h ours 1 0 A M t o 4 P M .
i
. . . .
The Wa nk ly n B a nk 1 s a privat e establish ment greatly patroniz ed by the

English and A m eri can houses Mr F‘r ederick W ank l y n t he hea d of . .
‘
fi 1 m is an E ngl i
,
sh m an of excel l ent c onnecti on a nd varied ex peri en ce A .
n u m ber o f English e stanc ieros ke ep a ccounts w ith t his bank The rates of .
interest char ged a nd allo w ed are t he sa m e a s a t the other ban ks Mr . .
Alfred L u m b son of Mr Edw ard L u m b one of the oldes t resi dents i n

,
.
‘
,
B uenos A y res is partner a nd second m anager of the con ce in The bankin g

,
.
office s are alongside the Bols a1 n C al le Sa n Martin , an d o c cup y a part of th e

ground floor of Mr L u m b s m a gn ificent house k n oavu as the Uni versel le
.
’
, .
W a nk l y n 5 b ank is w el l kno w n 1 n the ca m p as it does a ver y large b usines s

in s m all drafts on Ireland b eing conne cte d w i th the National Bank of
; ,
W
,
Ireland a nkl yn an d Co are also connected w ith the National Bank

'
. .
,
L ondo n; M al let Bros Co Paris ; Granet Br o . wn Co Genoa Vi dal

.
, ,
C ua dras Co Barcelona ; Menendez Barcena Vi go ; E F Dav ison

'
.
, , . .
Co Ne w York ; and g ive d ra fts for large a nd s m all a m ounts on a l l

.
,
t h e abov e .
Ha rt s B a nk —Thi s is also a private En gl ish ban k of high c 1 edit an d

’
,
r epute M1 He nr y Hart i s on e l of the best kn o w n E n gli sh bankers 1 n

. .
B uenos A y res and d oes a ver y e x t e n sw e banki n

,
g busi ness w ith t he Engli sh
a n d Ge rm a n i m p or tei s a nd b arra qu eros Mr Hart i s consider ed one o f .
t h e b est j u dges of c it y paper The ban kin go ffi ces are in Ca l l e San Martin ,
t he for m e rs ite of th e Bolsa .
:
Ca ra ba ssa s Ba n/1 a rivate native b ank w h ich does an i m m en s
’
p ,
e discou t
p ,
bu siness and has so m e of the b est E nglish an d A m erican a ccoun ts Curr ent
,
i n Buenos A yres Se nor Ca ra bassa is a n affab l e polished spaniard sta n ds

.
:
,
p articularly w ell w it h foreign mercha nts and IS the p rivate banke r of m ost
‘
of th e native ca pi talists The n e w ba nk in "pre m ises have b een concluded in

.
the present year and co m bin e eleg an ce w ith c onveni e nce ; the y are situat e
,
in Ca l le Cang allo The b uilding is expressl y cons tructe d for th e ba n k

. .
The site w a s bought at au ct io n i n 1 8 6 7 for $ 8 50 ,
Cap rile a nd Pica sso Italian ba n

'
kers w ho do a considerable bus1 ne ss m

,
s m al l d raf ts on G enoa .
so ci aiL AR G E NT I NA
‘
nnx n a u .
The Argéntme Rura l first effort w a s m ade to w ard s 1 8 5_8 the .
\
foste rm g industria l interests a m ong the rural population , by an exhibitio n
R RA L
U S O C IE TY .
got up at Pale rm o by ess rs Pos a da s Sa r M

m 1 e n t o Javier Joh n Cla r k a nd .
, , , ,
E d w ar d O livera The ca m pai gn s o f Ce p eda and Pav on foll ow ed and pub li c

.
,
attention w as distracted fro m the art s of p eace In Ma y 1 8 6 6 Mess rs .

, , .
Mart inez de Hoz Rich ard Ne w t o n and O livera p roj ected the establish m en t
, ,
of a Far m ers Association and o n the 1 6 th Augus t of sa m e y ear the Soc iedad
’
,
Rura l Argentin a Was for m a l l y ina u gu rated w ith Messrs Martinez de Ho z ,

.
and Ne w ton as presi dent and v ice the rest of the board com prising Messrs ,
.
Viton Ol ike ra Te m perle y Pere y ra F Madero Aguero A m adeo Mol ina

, , , ,
.
, , , ,
M Ca sares Steg m ann a n d Casta no : a m ong th e oth er founders of the club

.
, ,
w ere — Messrs Urioste Quirno E m ilio Castro Arana Y ra ol a Ju dge Carril

.
, , , , , ,
R a m os Mej ia Be rnal Cobo Senillos a M unilla Saenz Pe na Videla Dorna

, , , , , , ,
E Torres Pos adas Alegre R Pi ne y ro E Steg m ann Monjan Rodriguez

.
, , ,
.
,
.
, , ,
Martinez Garcia Gonsalez H Torres P Millan Bedo y a Fernandez Ga l up

, ,
.
,
.
, , , ,
and Le z a m a The obj e ct of the as sociation w a de clare d under th e

s
.
follo w ing hea ds : — l st To prote ct r ural interests ; 2 n d To im p rove t he

. .
p astoral industr y i 3 rd To co m b ine gra zin g w it h agricultur

. e ; 4 t h To ge t .
-
s cienti fic m en to stud y th e best m ethod o f drainage and irrigation forth e

ca m p ; 5th To a m eliorate th e condition of the r ur al in habitants ; 6 t h To
. .
a cc l i m atise refined breeds of cattle 7 th To pro mote agricul tural studies

'
.
,
8 th To 1 m p ro ve agricultural h p l e m e nt s and d w ellin gs

. 9 th To s tud y th e ,
.
c uring of be e f for expo rta tion ; l 0 th To int roduce useful s eeds and pl ants ;
1 1 th To esta blish r elations w ith foreign m arke ts ; 1 2 1 11
. 1 15 stud y the .
e cono m i c resources of th e countr y The s oc iety has been productive of .
great benefits to the industrial interests Of the coun tr y especi all y 1 n causing ,
the repeal o f oppressi ve la w s or d uties To it s efforts are d ue a m on g .

,
other a cts the re m oval of i m port dues fro m sal t used fe r saladeros an d th e
, ,
per m ission to ex port w ashed sheepski ns at no hig her dut1 e s than are ch arged
for the un w ashed Moreover the societ y p ublishe s a m onthly r evie w
.
,
contai ning i m port an t articles on the staple i n dustri es of Buenos Ay res ,
w ith v aluable i n for m atio n and corresponden ce fro mforeign count 1 ies : th i s
t en ds m a no table m anner to keep alive public atten ti on on s uch m atters .
S ubscribers to the asso ci ation p a y entrance fee and $ 50 a m onth ,
there are also honorar y or corresponding m e m bers and th e societ y is i n ,
relation w ith m ost of the si milar as sociations in E ngla nd Ge r m an y and t he , ,
United States There are at present 2 3 4 a ctive m e m bers 1 n Buenos A yr es

. .
The society w as first establi shed in a house next the Post o th e e Call e -
,
Boli var its present re siden ce 1 8 at No 9 2 Ca lle Per u The readin g roo m
. . .
-
h as a good suppl y of ne w spapers and a l ibrary o f industria l works in ,
E nglish French Ger m an &c i ncluding the Uni ted St ates Patent ofiice
, , ,
.
,
R eports , and other valuable publications : the club room , b illiard roo m , - -
80 na m es AND C Q Ml
n' I N IE S .
,
i s ; i 0 1
’
a nd se cr etary s apart m en ts are portraits of e m inent
Ger m a n
;
'
Arge nt m e s a nd pictures of the T l 1
'
1 1 as e e
1
'
y .
is a bl ack bo a
'
rd 1 11 th e h all t h e c urre nt p m ce s of h orn ed cattle ,
5 t he n ew s hed Jockey (11111

eep land & c , Th e society
,
t o h a ve the use of 1t s roo m s

.
e stab li
.
1
The Caj a de Cre dito is a joint stock discount ba 1 k established in 1 8 6 5
’
1
-
, ,
under the m anage m ent of M Montra vel w ith a c api a l of $ 2 80 0 20 0 0 in

t .
, ,
1 4 0 0 0 shares of
$ 20 0 or £ 4 0 ea ch all pai d ,
up I t h as given very ,
.
profitable results , the an nual di v idend being usua l ly 1 5 per cent .
I N SU RAN C E '
AND J O IN T -
S TO C K C O MP AN IE S .
The B ie nhe ch om de l Pl a te 1 8 a savings b an k and i nsurance association

'
-
,
fo unded i n 1 8 8 4 by the leading capitalists fore 1 g11 a nd Arge u t m e a nd , ,
specially authorized by the National G overn m ent in de cree dated May 7 th , ,
1 86 4 T1 e in ve st m ents of c o m pany a re ex c l usively in Go vern m ent

'
1
11 1 11 1 pri ces v aryi g fro m 4 0 to 5 0 , h 11 s
6 p e r ce nt Bo nd s w hich ar 1
13 n 1
.
1 t
'
n over 2 p e cen per annu m D eposits are received fro m

g
g 1 v1 r . . .
a year up to n
a y a m ount ih w e ék l y m o11t 11y or yearly in st a
.
,1 l m,
en ts and , ,
p rofits a re liq ui date d e very five ye ars There a 1 e t hre e m an n

) '
ers .
s ubscr bing z j l st With loss of e a p 1 t a l by death of 1 11 su1 e d 2 nd Without '
1 .
,
. .
loss of capita l but w it h loss of interest in such event 3 rd Su bscriptions . .
in " dep osit w ith co m po und inter est The 1 st class 11 s cribers enj oy
.
t he 1r share of co m pou n d in t e res t on the bonds pur ch ased by th e Co m pan y

tal forfeited by tho se of thi s cl ass w ho m ay d1e ; als o
'
a lso a pa 1 t of t he cap i
'
a part of th e interest b elongin g t o t hos e w h o h a v e died The 2 hd class .
co m p ound intere st in th e 6 per cent Gov ern m ent b onds ; also the i r
'
proportion of the 1 nt e re st 11 0 neys forfei te d “by those of t hi sclas sW ho have

1
-
d ied . The 3 rd cla ss s im p ly ga 1n com p ound i nterest on t he bonds for the ‘
pro fits a 1 e capita l ized every thre e m onths and n e w b o nd sp u rch ase d The ,
.
uran ce 1 s exactly the rev r se o f w hat 1 s c

”
s y ste m of in s ust E ngla nd

e
.
Thu s if a fathe r insure h is ch ild for ten or t w ent y years and th at it die 111
e ver ything is l ost, u nl ess spec ia l ly enr olled 111 the 2 nd c l as s
.
the 1 1 1n .
i nter
Me anti m e ther e is a l w ays 1 111 11131 10 1 o f Withdra w m one s capit al a n d fr
’
1
ve y ears u t lie 1a rge st_profi ts
fi
'
rofits at th e x p iration of every O f co rse

p e
.
a ccrue to the l ass th a tl i nc urs the risk o f forfeitin g a l l by death

e
.
r tal ity tables sh e w an al m ost 1 ncre d1 bl e profit 1 11 s uch cases

.
D e p a rcie ux s m o
’
.
w hen th e first inve st m en t yield s 1 2 p r cent p e r“ annu m Thus by

e
. . .
m h e t w een the a ges of one

'
, p
'
ann for a c i l d b
$ 1 0 0 ,
0 1
j £ 2 0 e r
u
8
5 1511 11 11 5 AND
,
C O M PANIE S .
for life insurance at a fi xed rate a uthori zed capital $ 2 0 0 0 t he

, ,
originators of t h e Co m p an y b eing D r R oque Perez a nd Mes srs Zu m aran .

,
.
,
Be l a ust e gui P i co a n d Me rce n a ro an d th e m anager Don Pabl oMontravel

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.
, , ,
The Cdm p a ny gives policies p a y ab l e ondec ease of the 1 nsure d part y or

'
, _
p ension s for ol d a ge on p ay m ent of a pre m iu m, y earl y q ua 1 t e rl y

.
, , ,
o r m o n thl y .
The K ine i Pl a te Te l e grap h Com p a ny w a s establish ed m 1 86 4 (see page 1 0 7

o f Se ction A
) and the cable laid acros s fro m Pu nta Lara to Coloni a in
O c tober 1 8 66 the l ine being inaugurated soon a ft e r w a 1 ds The stock i s
,
hel d up a mon g a fe w sha reholders and the d1v ide n d for 1 8 6 8 w a s de c l are d ,
at 2 0 per cent T here 1 s a great bus iness do ne bet w een Buenos Ay res an d
.
»
Monte video a n d since 1 8 6 8 the telegraph lines of the Northern an d

,
S ou thern 1 a il w a y s h ave co m e to for m bran ches The head o ifice is a t .
Montevide o Calle La s Pie dras a n d the ce nt ral station at Bhe nos Ay re s

, , ,
C a l le Ca ngallo ; the inter m ediate stations being Colonia Sa n J ose an d ,
Rosa rio Col o ny in B anda O riental Messa ges can also b e se nt to or from .
,
a n y station on the Northern a n d Southern r a il w a y s Mr O l dha m is th e . .
s u p eri nten dent and m an a ger : the o ffices a t Montevideo a nd Buen os Ay re s
a re open on all w eek da s fro m 8 A M to 7 P M and n Sunda s for an hour

y o y . . .
in the m orning and another in the e ve n ih

,
.
g For charges &c se e .

,
.
a dvert se m ent
i .
T he Hir e r Pl a t Cre d it Mobil ie r Com p a ny h as been recent l y estab l ishe d th e

e ,
statu t es having been approv ed by the G o v er n o r a n d Provin ci a l Legislature
on Nove m ber w i th a c ap it a l of 3 1 2 in 1 2 0 0 0 0 sh ares of ,
$ 1 0 0 or
,
£ 2 0 each A m ,
o n g the fo u n de 1 s of th e Co m pa n y a re Bl a n ca del
.
V alle E m ilio Castro Agote Saav e dra Marce n aro Te ofil o Mendez M
, , , , , ,
.
C asa res Mo reno Adrogu é An dres L a m as Arocena and Anj e l Te x o

, , , , ,
.
B esides ordinar y banking t ran sa ctm n s the sphere of th e Co m p a n y is to

co m p r ehe nd loans rail w ay s i m m i gr a tion a nd oth er public enterprises ;
, , ,
there w ill be branch es a t Montevideo Rio J a n e y ro Lisbon M a drid , , , ,
Barcelo n a ,
Borde a ux L o nd on Southa m pton Liverpool , , , ,
a n d Genoa The l e gal jdom icil e of the Co m pa n y 1 8 in Buen os Ay res

. .
T h e Com m e rcia l Room s s ituate at No 6 9 Calle Ma y o ,

This i s a ve ry ol d . .
a n d u seful i nstitution belon ing to Mr Daniel Max w e l l ; it possess es th e

g ,
.
doubl e a dvantage of a fi rst class re a d1 n 1 oom and an observator y - 0 -
furnish ed w ith t h e best tel escopes m the Rive r Plate B e sides local and .
E nglish papers w e find the lea ding Ger m an French Spani sh and Am e 1 ica n
, , ,
j ournals and m agazines The observator y conta ins a collection of charts .

,‘
s1 gn al books &c a n d the W in do w s co m m

,
.
,
an d an unr ivalled vie w of th e
p ort and sh 1
pp 1 n The az otea or roof
fr
o ffe rs a p l e a sa n t pro m e nade E ver y .
sr m m s oa r o
c m m ut e s . 83
k ind of co m m ercial infor m ation for the cit y is h ere procured a slate i s ,
kept w ith daily m ar iti me l ist s a nd le tters fro m Montevideo and else w h ere
'
"
,
w ill b e found w ith last trade repo rts on the rea ding roo m table T he ,
.
'
s ub s crip tion i s S2 0 0 per quarter b ut ship m asters supercarg oes pil ots ,
-
, ,
na val oliice rs and several local authoritie s a r e ad m itted gratis V isitor s

,
.
t ickets m a y also b e obta ined The e ntrance t o the B oo m s is in Calle May o.

,
a n d the re i s a staircase leading out on t h e b each Mr Max w ell is the b es t . .
a uthor i t y in to w n on in dust ria l statistics .
‘
The S ou th Am e rica n Ste a m Na viga tion Com p a ny 3 6 1 Calle Cnyo ha s , ,
.
stea m b oat lines on al l the rivers Mr William Matti being the pri ncipal ,
.
sharehol der the capital is hard dollars in shares of Sl 0 0 0 each , , ,
all paid up The line is w ell m anaged the stea m ers ar e c o m m odious and
.
, ,
the last d ividend w a s 1 5 per cent There are six stea m ers w eekly to .
R osario t w o t o Corrientes a nd Par a guay thre e to Paran a four to Sa n

, , ,
Nicol as one to Za rate and Sa n Pedro one to Gualeguay t w o up the rive r

, , ,
Urugu a y and t w o t o Montevide o

,
.
The Rio de l a Pl a ta S te a m Com p a ny foun ded in 1 8 6 6 by Don Juan Jos é ,
M endez and others despatches a vessel to Pa ragua y Corrientes and

, , ,
inter m ediate ports The E st rella Stea m boa t Co m pan y fo unded by Capta in
.
,
D avies plies to Rosari oa nd the s m aller ports

,
.
Th ere ar e i n B uenos A y res several oth er i ns uranc e and ste am boat

co m panies of w hich w e have no particulars There are also agencies for .
Chilian an d E nglish l ife assuranc e co m pan ies and bran ch ba 1 ks of ,

-
e stabl ish m ents that w ill c o me t o be m entioned in treati n g of th e Prov ince s .
The a gencies of the English a nd Fren ch stea m boat l ines cannot be in cl uded
i n this chap ter of l oca l institutions .
There are various associations o f a m utual and friendl y characte r suc h as ,
the T ypogra phic Societ y t he Spanish Mutual Aid Association the Cri cket ,
C lub the O ddfello w s the British Clerks th e Philhar m onic Societ y the
, , , ,
Masoni c F raternit y th e Athletic Club the Jocke y Club the I talian

,
:
, ,
Benevol en t So ciety the St Vincent de Paul Confraterni ty & c

,
.
,
.
The B ritish Cl e z ks Provide n t Association w a s founded by Mr F M Wells

' ’
. . .
and other m ercantile gentle m en on Sept e m b er l st 1 8 6 1 Al t h ough l im it e d ,

.
in nu m ber it h a s been successful in a m onetar y s ense the annual dividends ,
ranging fro m 1 2 to 1 8 per c ent In Ma rch [ 8 6 8 there w ere t w enty n in e

-
.
-
m e m bers holding 2 1 8 sha res w h ich a m ounted to

,
s and ,
.
,
.
paper or an aggregate o f sterl ing The societ y m eets at the

‘
.
,
Each sh are repr e sents a subscription o f 3 2 s ilver or

'
B ritish Librar y .
,
S S O n fi the association is of esp ecial benefit in gi ving habits of econo m

‘
r ; y
to y ounger clerks .
oo o
k C O M PAN IE S
n o o
BAn s AND .
The provides a si c
Typ ograp hic S ocie ty k and burial fund for pri nters ;
the spanish and Ital ian societie s support the ir sic k or di stre sse d
.
c ountr y m en t he Phil ha rm oni c C l ub gi ves concerts at the Coli seu m : the

,
Vincent de Paul So ci et y visits a nd r eli ev es the poor a n d sick th r ougho u t

t he city .
The Oddfe l l ow s S ocie ty nu m b ers about s event y m e m b ers an d i s of a ,
m u tua l a id character : the lodge roo m is sit uate a t No 9 6 Inde end encia
p . .
T he m e m bers have a n annual dinn er in the m onth of March .
The Cricke t a nd Ath le tic Cl ubs h a v e th eir grounds at Paler m o w here ,
m at c hes and m eetings co m e off at certai nperiods A stand house an d ten t .
h av e b een erecte d and t he festivi ties are so m eti m e s attended by as man y

,
as 5 ladies and g en tle m en m o st l y foreign residents ,

.
.
Th e F re e m a son L odges are ver y nu m erous co m prising Argentine En glish , , ,
Fr e nch and It ali an cir cl es The E ngli sh lodge gives its annual dinner on .
J une 2 4th at th e P rovence Hotel In the Museu m is preserv ed a diplo m a .
of a D ublin lodge called after St Patrick and bearing date a s fa rback a s

,
.
,
t he last ce ntur y Pre si dent Sar m iento General Mitre and General
.
, ,
Urquiz a are fre e m asons -

.
The J a cke y Cl ub founded in 1 86 8 for the purpose of pro m oting in thi s

, ,
country horse rac ing m eets at presen t in the 1 oo m s of t h e Soci ed ad

-
,
Ru ra l and nu m be r
,
s sixt y m e mb ers Me m bers of the club onl y are a llowe d .
t o enter and ri de horses The co mm it tee is as fo l lo w s —Hon 0 1 a ry

.
P resi dent and Vi ce President ,their E xcell en cie s P1 e sident Sar m iento an d
-
V i ce Preside nt Alsina ; Cha ir man D on Carlos Casare s ; Vice Cha ir m a n

-
,
-
,
H Tom k inson E s q
. Secretary G P Cra ufurd Esq
,
. Trea surer F ,
. .
,
.
,
. .
Pl ow e s E sq ; W We l ch m an E sq
,
. Dr B Irigo yen D on H F Varela ,
.
,
. .
,
. .
,
Do n A C C am b aceres Don E Ol de n dor

. . ff The first m eeting w a s h eld at
,
.
R andall s near ’
the J eppener Station of the Southern Rail w ay on t h e 8 th
" , ,
and 9th of Septe m ber 1 8 6 8 The Provin ci al G ove rn m ent gave a priz e , .
sil ve r cup v al ue $ 5,0 0 0 w hich w a s w on by H To m kin son E sq w it h

’
.
, , .
, ,
Ga uch ito beating O ld W a r den and Cochin Chi na bel on ging respe ctivel y to ,
W Wel ch m an E sq and W M Gly m ont Esq It is intended to hold for

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‘
. . .
, , ,
one in the autu mn

‘
t he pre s ent t w o m eetings a n nua ll y i n Be l grano ,
and l anoth er in th e s p ring B ut a s soon as the funds of the Club

.
w il l er m it the necessar y o ut l a y a piece of ground will be p urcha se d

'
p ,
in one of the suburbs of th e cit y w ith the intent ion of for m in g a

race c our se w it h gra d stan d and pleas ure groun ds for t he use of the '
p
-
m e m b ers andtheir fa m ilies .

86 TH E S U B UR B S .
O m b ues This chapel has be co m e too s m all for the con gregation and a
.
. ,
large chu rch is being erected in the Plaz a O n the ea st side of the Plaz a .
i s the p ublic s ch ool b uilt in th e Gre ci an st y le At th e next c orner is the

,
.
Juzgado No one is allo w ed to gallop through the streets of th e to w n

. .
'
At the w est end is the race course w h e re the foreign and Argentine -
,
ra cin g club s hold their m eeti n gs p eriodicall y : there is a fi n e stand house ,
and the course is n ine furlongs round ; the m eetings are al w ay s attended
by all th e w ealth and fashion of Buenos A y res The Rev Mr Goodfello w . . .
has an En glish school i n the to w n for w h i ch th e Provin cial Gover n m ent ,
allo w s a m onthl y s u bsidy of it w a s founde d in Aug u st 1 8 6 7 an d ,
is u nder the charge of Mr John T Tho m pson : the s y ste m of instruction

, . .
is th at of the United States s ch ools and co m prises the el e m ents of a ’

,
co m m er cial ed uca tion science m odern languages Greek and L atin thi s
'
, , ,
school is ver y usef ul in t he su m m er m onths w he n so m an y foreign fa m ilies ,
c o m e here for the season In w inter Belgrano is all but deserted but at
'
.
,
the approach of the hot season in Nove m ber the m ost extravagant rents , ,
are de m a nded ; h ouses w hich m a y be bought for com m onl y fetch

£2 0 0 for the su m m er m onths Watson s hotel clo se to t he ’
.
,
rail w a y stati on is a first ra t e En gl ish house good w m e s and cooker y and

,
-
‘
, ,
every thin g v er y nea t O n Sunda y m or nings p a rt ies ofte n co m e out for

'
'
breakfast , the g arden attached to th e hotel covers s everal a cres A dj oinin g .
the station is a croquet ground or pro m en ade ; a b and pl ay s h ere ever y

'
' ’
Sunda y evening A tra m w ay is proje c ted to connect Belgrano w ith the

.
cit y running along the b arranca ; this w ould give a cheaper m ode o f
,
transit than the present rail w a y ch arge In su m m er there are t w el ve

‘ ‘
trains da il y t o and fro m Belgrano The partido of Belgrano co m prehends

j
.
(
,
a nu m ber of chacra s or far m s ; in so m e w e se e w he at and vegetables

'
cultivated on a large s cale ; in oth e rs t h e re are fi ne b ree ds of horse s an d

fl
'
cattl e This distri ct w a s for m e rly included in t h e partido o f Sa nIsidro

‘
.
,
’
but it no w has a distinct Mun icipal it y Justice of Peace and C urate w h os e , , ,
j urisdiction extends half w ay to the city and in cl udes Paler m o on ce the , ,
residen ce of Rosa s Fro m a statistica l rep ort in 1 8 6 7 w e take th e

'
.
,
follo w ing fi gure s Belgran o has 6 3 chacras w ith an aggregate of

-
acres 2 3 0 azote a hous e s 1 50 do w ith stra w ro of fo ur draperies an d

, ,
.
,
eightee n gr ocery stores ; the far m ing stoc k i s not n um erous co m prisin g ,
onl y 1 4 0 0 horned cattle 1 4 2 0 horses 2 0 0 sheep and 3 0 0 s w ine ; th e

, ,
.
, ,
population 1 5 set do w n at 2 9 46 National Guards 2 8 0 Alcaldes and police , ,
3 7 ; th e M uni cipalit y is co m posed of six m e m bers Ac cording t o the

'
educati onal return s w e find th e State s chool i s attended by 7 8 bo y s a nd

8 9 girls , sh o wing an increase of n e arl y double the ict urns o f 1 8 6 4
'
‘
.
ra m miro .
87
PALER M O
This pla ce w a s th e r e siden ce o f R osas once surrounded w ith bea u tiful ,
gardens an d planta tions but n ow it is a m iserable ruin the pala ce fallin g

, ,
t o decay the fences destro y ed the ti m ber cut do w n and the w hole plac e a
, , ,
s cene of desolation During m an y y e ar s R os as devote d m uch attention t o

.
the grounds w ith t he vie w of m aking Paler m o th e finest r esi dence 1 n So uth
,
A m eric a he ha d a nu m ber o f m e n provided w ith tooth brushe s e m plo y ed

.
-
in keeping the trees fr ee of insects an d th e gardens contained th e choices t ,
fruits and fl o w ers Shady avenues l e d do w n to the w ate rs side ; nothin g

.
’
w a s spared that taste and w ealth cou l d devise ; the pala ce itsel f w as a
‘
h andso m e Moorish structure w ith colonn ade o n all sides ; t he apart m ents ,
w ere l a rge loft y and richl y de corated

, ,
Here the t yrant held his c ourt .
for m an y y ears ti l l the battle o f Cas eros 3 rd Februar y 1 8 52 resulte d in

, , , ,
h is overthro w General Urquiz a established h is h eadqu a rt ers in Paler m o

.
o n the follo w ing day In 1 8 56 Se nor Posada s got up an Agricult ur al

.
E xh ibition here but the hatred to the na m e of Ro sas se e m s to h av e

,
prevented a ny efforts to w ards keepin g the plac e fro m ra in So late as .
1 8 59 the princip a l av enue w ith its loft y ro w s o f trees w as in tact ,

In ,
.
1 8 6 2 Mr Pari s proposed to m ake El y se a n Garde ns here b ut the p roject fell

.
,
through . It w a s ho w ever still the favorite res ort of th e w ealth a n d

, ,
f ashi on of B uenos A y r es on s um m er even ings w hen the P aler m o road w a s ,
a l w a y s thronged w ith h ors e m en and ga

y e quipages S ubsequentl y the .
M unicip alit y of Belgra no sold so m e of th e ti m ber for fire w oo d and th e ,
w ork of des t ruction w a s a ctivel begun : th e palace w a s next let out for a
y
b oardin g sch ool
-
scue l a de Artes — the proprietor of w hich built u p t h e
beautiful colonnades w it h unsightl y bri cks (not even plastered ) a n d left th e ,
lac e an ugl reck fit onl for o w ls to m ake their a bo d e It is painful

p y w y ,
to w alk through the ruined h alls : the librar y parlor , and dining roo m
'
m a y still be tra c ed and the bal l roo m (1 0 0 feet by 2 0 feet )for m s one sid e
,
-
o f the quad ran gle The azotea h a s a vie w of the city and r oadstead The
.
.
o nl y pl antation re m ain in g is on the river 3 side here duels are so m eti m e s .
fought The Northe rn R ail w a y runs through t he park an d near th e stat io n

.
,
is the E ngl ish Cricket ground : a littl e fur ther is the n e w p c w der m ill o f
Messrs L iesenberg Co , a w ing cf w h ic h ble w up in 1 8 6 7 ; it is n ow
. .
w orking w ell .
The road fro m Paler m o to to w n w a s the onl y de cent high w ay i n t he

coun try t i ll ver y re centl y but n ow it i s a s b ad as the rest and the nea t
, ,
iron fen ces are all broken do w n Messrs L ezic a C o have started a . . .
«
g r a seria » for m e l ting do w n sheep ,
near th e R i
fl e ro s ,
w hich w i l l b e m os t
88
inj urious to the w ater suppl y take n fro m t he River Plate a fe w perche s
l o w er do w n These w orks have been recentl y put up by Mr Coghlan C E
. .
,
. .
0 0 a nd c an distrib ut e
0
‘
, ,.
1 1 1 1
series of c har m in g q11i11ta s al ong1the a
Whitfie ld s 1 s one of the finest ; it w a s ’
1 1,
Whit fi el d w hohad been a sol dier at St

1
.
,
to Ru
hi
e a os Ay r e s establishe d th e first Engli sh
The Kl ap p e nhach quintas a re oc cu pied by
,
;
s city .
have be e n recentl y sol d out in b uil di ng lo ts .
no w n tavern w ith b ow l in g alle y s &c

1
J11st ,
-
.
belo w the fi n e q uinta r E strada 1 s Chassa ihg s n e w ste am l aundr y ,

’
.
-
a fi rst class e st a bh shm snt provided w i th the m ost im proved A m eric a n

m achi ner y it is quite a boo nto the cit y , w hich form erl y1 de p e n de d sole ly
on black w a sh e rw on ie n
We h ave n 5w1r e aeh e d ,t he term inus
'
th e n R ail w ay in t h e , ,
d
1
1
Pa se oG uardia Na cisna l as the adj acent thick et o w trees is call e -
m
,
The battery « a fl e ur d eau » has six guns for fi rin g s l utes

a
’
.
F L QR E S .
Sa n Jo sé de Fl or es 1 s nearly t wo le agues fro m t own by the West e in

H 1
Rail wa y and sit hat ed 11 11 a ge nt l y risin g group d w itl1 a fine vie w of t he
, , , __
ca mps w est w ard The village t akes it s n am e from the thund r Don Ju an
11 1
1 1 1
e _ ,
D iego F l o res w ho ce de d th e grou nd for th e p u rpose and co m m en ced

1 1
, ,
1
s m al l ch ap el th e reon In 1 8 0 8 Bish op L ne form ed it int o a parish 1ut o f

' 1
’
1 1 _
.
1
t h e t e rritory p f sat Isidro 1 11 6 1 1 5 1 cur t es being D o
1 1
n Si m on Busta m ant e
; 1 a ,
a d Don Mi gu l G ar c
1
n e ia The p l ace bega 1ito att a 1 n1 som e 1 m p o rtance un de r

.
1
D on An tonio M
1
1
illan w h o m arked out the b uil ding lots a nd p roj e cte d t h e

1
1
,
1
t h e ch ir e h 0 11 he 1 1 t h D ce m ber 1 83 1 , the c hurch wa s
1 e .
c o nse crat ed by R ish op Me dr ap o ; it consist s of thre e nav es , and m e asure s

1
'
1
1 2 0 fe et l n by 50 feet wide
1
g h
1
og A m on s t t e principal b enefa ct ors w er e
Messrs Terr ero an d 180 1113 6 In this church was sig hed the trea ty of 1 8 59
.
1 1
.
.
b etw ee nGe he ra l Urqhiz a a nd the cit y o f Bue nos A

1 1
1
Half a c ent 1 ry
y 1
a o F l ore s w a s the favorite s u urb b ut 1 t suffered se verel
1
u
[
b g
g y d r i
n the c iv i
l ,
Since that ti m e it h a sre v e a ie

'
ived a little and th er
;
w ars up to 1 8 5 9 .
'
n ow m an y pret t
yq i u ntas alo n g the l ine of rail w a y T h e h igh roa d h a s .
b een allo w ed to fal l into such de ca y as to beco m e al mos t i ntransit ab le

1
The partido is s m all co m prisin g ohl y six s quare league of lan d n ow

' ’
, , .
So late a s the h
1 1 1
ciip ie d 1 n gzude is m eado w s or grain fa r is

‘
i
.
1
90 TH E S U B UR B S .
5 , 43 5 The S
. tat eschools are atten ded by 9 1 boy s a n d 1 2 6 girls she w in g ,
a n increa se of on e th ird o ver the ret urns for 1 8 6 3

-
Fl o
res has a J u st ice .
o f Peace a m unicipality co m posed of si x m e m bers 4 6 3 Nati on al Guards

, , ,
and fifty eight Alc aldes and police m en Th e re is no hotel in the place an d
-
.
, ,
the shops are of an inferior order Dr F itzsi m ons had an Irish college . .
h ere in 1 8 6 5 but he has since re m oved to the province of E ntre Rios

,
-
.
General Gell y O bes has a q uinta near Caballito and Dr Velez Sarsfi e l d s 1 s
-
,
.
’
near Al m agro The Ital ian « cha cre ros» raise beautiful fi e l ds of lucerne
.
,
y crops the y als o make m u ch m one y by frui t a n d

'
w hich give splendid h a -
vegetables The district of Flores is a su ccession of gardens orchards

.
,
-
, ,
c ountry house s &c from the m o m ent w e leave th e Plaz a O nce de

-
,
.
S etie m bre til l w e rea ch Floresta .
B ARR A CA S .
Barracas is j ust one league south fro m t h e Pl az a Victoria and w as at th e ,
beginnin g of th e presen t centur y a char m in g outlet m uch frequent ed by 1
’
E nglish fa m ili es Thus fro m Horn s hill w here Mr Mackinlay resided ,
.
,
. .
w e pass a n um be r of quintas en route south w a rds m ost of w h ich w ere

,
.
b uilt by Engli sh m en The Yello w House at the turn of the road to th e

.
,
Boca w a s built by Mr N w h o m ade a fortune in Paragua y and from

, . .
, ,
w hose h eirs it has passed into th e hands of Mr Ackerle : it w a s originall

y y .
t hree stories h igh b ut has n ow onl t w o

y , H ard by w a s a bri ck factor y .
,
belonging to Mr Billinghurs t and others w hi ch w as given up in 1 86 6

.
,
strange to sa
y this w a s t he spot, w he r e the earl y Spaniards m ade th eir firs t
bricks w hen ce the bil l w a s called Barranca de H ornos (ovens ): the na m e
,
Horn 5 Hill 1 5 n ot derived fro m t he coin ciden ce that Mr Horn resided here ,
’
.
h a ving been so called fro m th e ear l iest ti m es Waterl oo q uint a belo w t he .

,
British Hospital w a s b uilt by Mr Britt ain and i s n ow the res iden ce o

,
f .
,
Mes sr s Krabb e and Willia m son A fe w hun dred y a rds w est w ard w e reac h
. .
a fine old Eng l is h m ansion : it w as built by th e lat e distinguished her o,

Ad m iral B1 ow n and t w o old cannons probabl y taken from the Braz ilia ns , ,
a re seen at the entrance

; t he qu inta w a s purchased fro m the A d ul iral s
’
w ido w m 1 8 6 1 b Mr No w ell w hose fa m il

y , y still resides here
.
,
.
On the barranca of Calle Bu en O r den i s the Balcarce quinta : here

Ad m iral Coe lived for a ti m e and it is at present tenante d by Mr Banfi el d ,
. .
In 1 8 6 5 the quinta w a s cut up for b uildin g and the splendid Institut o

The a dj oinihg qu i
,
Sanita rio is built on this grou n d nta belon gs t o Se no r . .
Gon salez M oreno w ho h as rented it to Mr Zi m m er m ann At the foot o f

,
. .
C alle B uen O rden is the Suarez q uinta for so m e ti m e an English gram m a r ,

' ‘
s chool
,
kept by the late Mr P on g e r a rd : it at present b elongs to Mr . .
BAB B AOAS . 91
Hol te rh off O p p osite to the Bal car ce q uinta is that of Se nor Ca m b ac eres
.
,
’
w hich i s bounded by Langdon s fields a n d is fa m ous for delicious fruit ,
.
F urther w est be yond the So uthern R ai l w a y IS the Convalecen cia for m erl y
, , ,
the residenc e of Mr Barton ; a n d close to this is th e Saenz Valiente quinta

.
-
,
b uilt by an English m an in the las t centur y w ith ver y prett y garden and ,
grounds There are so m e cannon balls in the roof and chi m ne y a souvenir
.
,
of the siege of B ue nos A y res in 1 8 5 3 .
The chapel of Santa Lucia l n th e Ca l l e L a rga l S q ua int a nd ol d fashioned ;

, ,
-
it w a s for m erly the chapel of an esta n ciero w hose herds of horn ed ca ttle
roa m ed over the site n o w o ccupie d by Bar ra ca s and w hose esta ncia h ouse
”
is st ill seen (n ow a b utcher s shop )at the Banderita corner

’
The fe a st of .
Santa L ucia o ccurs in Dece m b er and the C alle L a rga is light ed w it h

,
b onfires on t h e occa sion Vide l a s quinta is worth y of notice as als o a

.
’
,
fashionable ho us e bu il t in th e L o uis Qua torz e st y le by M Vig nal The re . .
is another plea sant co un tr y house belonging to the w e alth y fa m il y of

Llavallol Fronting the plaza of Sa nta L ucia is the elegant q uinta of the
.
Senillo sa fa m ily : there ar e fountains statues arbors &c a nd at the end , , ,

.
,
of the garden in th e rear of the hou se w e fin d a grot to and a tea hous e
, ,
-
,
fro m the top of w hich t here is a fine vie w The Botet quint a s co m e next .
,
and opposite these i s that of Mrs Carrer as overgro w n w ith w eeds a n d fruit
.
,
t rees run w ild The Banderita i s a n ancient pul p eria fa m o us for its horse
.
,
r aces on Sunda
y afternoons : here branches off a road that l ea ds do w n t o
th e Calle Sola The first quinta on the left w a s on ce the p ropert y of a
.
lad y na m ed B a b e a ut
y in her da y w ho after w ards died in t h e p ubl ic
,
h osp ital : a n Ital ian gard e ner n ow li ves here A l ittle f urther op the right .
, ,
i s the ent ra nce to Saenz Valiente s quinta w here the first sod of th e ’
,
So ut hern Ra il w ay wa s t urned on the 8 th March , 1 8 6 4 : t he first s a ladero in

,
the count ry w a s establ ished here 111 the e ighteenth cent ury Next co m e s .
Mrs O li ve r5 quinta an d in fr ont that of Dr Ca saj e m as , he has a

’
.
, .
bea utiful niir se ry and so m e fi ne fru it .
Returning to th e Calle L ar ga w e m eet on t h e right th e deligh tful

, , ,
cottage and gardens of Don Juan Antonio Fern andez ; n ext , th e country
house of Se nor Subia urre b u ilt in Italian st y le t h e qu inta o f e rr Minister
, ,
-
E liz alde ; a nd oppo site th e s e the Migue n s quin ta s seven in nu m b er th e

’
, ,
first belongin g to Min ister Avellaneda Passin g the Segovia quinta w e .
c o m e to that of the Atkin s fa m il y : ol d Mr it k in s w a s a n A m erican citiz e n

’
.
w h o lent £ 2 0 0 0 0 to equip the fi st Argentin e fleet under A dm iral Bro w n

,
; ,
he died 1 11 poverty of a broken he art but his fa m il y got pa i d m 1 8 6 5 The

, ,
.
stear ine candle factor y of Messrs Hol t e rh off 18: Co is an im por tan t establish
. .
m ent , provided w ith the m ost i m pro ve d m achi n e ry : it w as i

n au gu rated , in
92
re nce f th e ch ie f a uth rit i rodu ces ce l le n t c andles

“
se 1 8 56 d
p o p e s ,
in a n
p e x ,
t h e fact ry , i
so m e sa m ple s vvere sent to the Paris ,E
A
67
31 p s
1 i1i
A . A
de r h e m m e diat e up e rw ion of Mr m ost of the w ork

A A t 'i
A s s .
m e n ar e F rench or Ge im a ns Next is the handso m e quin ta of the He rera

.
e
fa mir y in ,
w hic h grou nd w a s co m m en c ed the n e
wl pch rch of S anta Lucia m ,
1 86 3 : the design w as too vast the w alls having onl y got 4 feet hig h and it
,
.
, A
is n ot lik el y t he w ork w ill ever be c ar rie d o u t alt hough a c huréh is m i ich ,
needed h er e The c andle and soap factor ies of Se i

. ior Diane and D on J u l io
Arditi ,a n d the q uint as of R ebol and Si l ve stre int ervene before r e achin g
j A
, ,
A
A
th e caist e l l ate d res i d en ce o f the lat e S e n ofi E s cr ibano this is an i m itatio n

of s ome feu da l c a stle seen by Senor E in his trave ls o 11 , t11 e R hine ; he died
A
in IS Q l eavi ng a larg e fortun e t o an infant daughter This art of th e
S ,
p .
C all e L arga is a favorit e « pro m e nade a cheval » o n m oo n l ight nightsin

The Tor res quinta i s at the cbrn e r of (ia l l e Gal iforn ia cre ssing
’
s u m m er .
,
which We c o m e to the F abric a del Ince ndio so cal l d because Sen or

A
Ae
,
Sa nsi nena ha d th e m isfort un e t obe t wic e b urne d do w n : it is a soap an

AA A A
A
d
1 s Alzag as
'
c andl e fa ctor y O n the l e ft side of t he Ca l l e

"
u n ta n ow
i
’
q ,
and a fe w steps furt héris the Tres Esq uii

A
A A
a so ap fa ctor y ia s Rail w a
'
r
, y A A
The Barracas Club has ver y co mm od ious pr em i ses wi th bil l ia rdA
A
A
Stat ion
‘
—
, _
t ables readi n
A
, g roo m sa l l e ia m an er
g ,b ut the dr e a d
-
ful in ia sm a
, A A
rod uce d by the sal ad e ros and my ria ds of poisoned fish on t he b anks of t he
'
p , ,
R i achuelo , p oil ut es the at m o sp here 1 n this ne ig hb orhood

' A
o mm e nd it cons1st 1 n g of
A
v illage of North Barra cas ha s l ittl e t o rec ,
su i: dr
y e
« ba rr ca s» for sto ring prod fe w ops a11 d a St ate
A
,
s cho ol The st reets are oft en 1 al th e u g h this 1 3

'
. n w ,
t he great high w ay t e the s outh cit y m arket sare so m eti m e s

.
b rought in by the C alle Sola to the gr eat risk o f the foot

,
enger s At .
the bridge a t e ll is c ol l e cted fro m pa ssengers in coach es or on horseba c k

a ne w iron bridge is in course of er ection besides arail w ay bi; ,
W he el w right s l i ne to E ns en ada West o f the bridg e is a grou p of ho use s

’
.
c alled San Antonio Most of the inhabita nts h ere and throughout B ar
. r acas , ,
are Basques or Italia ns : thirt y y e ar sa got here w a s a l ai ge I rish p a pu l ation ’
r ,
e m plo y ed in t h e sal a de re s of B r
A
o w n D owda l l Ar m str ong Ca mbaceres , ,
A A
, ,
D p w n e s &c but th ey are n ow m ostl y esta nciero s in t h e ca m p

‘
.
, , .
Th e great ind ustr y of Barra cas consists i n its sala de ros of w hich there
‘
a re si x te en b eginn ing zit t he Puent e Alsi n a The sal a de rois a pla ce fitte d
,
.
the b eef A n d hides and b oi l i

A
u p for the 1 111 t of co w s a nd m ares sal t in

1 1 g ,
ng A
,_
d ow n the shee p a nd mares flesh to extra c t t he grease l n for m er

’
,
as i n an
y as 1 0 ,
0 0 0 co w s a n d m ares h a v e b e en sl a ughtered
b us y sé asOn but k ing to t he depre c iatio n of j erk e d
A
' '
A A A A A A
94
1
1 11 1:
1
S U B URBS .
The t 1 a veller sh o uld n ot o m it to visit the iron gi 1 der bridge and speciou s
w orkshops of the So ut he i n rail w a y , about 4 0 0 y rds abov e t he Barr a c as
a
bridg e : the br idge is one of the finest w ork sof the kin dm the continen t .
Hard by is the Wool w ashing factor y of Mr Isaa c Rick : these w orks

- -
.
,
w hich have b een j ust co m pleted are s it uated abo ut m i dw ay bet w een th e
,
ol d Barra cas bridge and the bridge o f the Ferro Carril del Sud on th e -
north side of the Ria chuelo The y for m an entirel y n e w industr y : th e w ool
.
fro m its usually di rt y a n d greas y state is con ve 1 t e d into a m at e ri al so ,
w hite cl ean a n d f ree fiom « ca 1 re t il l a » and « abrojo » and all other foreign
, , ,
m atter as to be sc arcel y 1 e cogn iz ed b those una cquainted w ith the process

, y ,
an d re n dered perfectl y fi t for th e spi nners hands on arrival in En gland ’

,
P1 a nce or Ger m an y . Se i t ing B oo m The w ool in its dir ty state fro m the
-
shed in the y a 1 d h aving first been a sso1 t e d h ere into several cl asse s
a cc0 1 di ng to the len th of staple and vari ous q ualities of the w ool
g ,
t aken into t h e Scou 1 ing R oo m Here it i s first place d in a steeping tro ugh
.
containing h ot 11 ater an d 1 ng1 e d1 e nt s of a saponaceous ki nd for the purpose ,
o f softe n ing w ha t IS ter m ed the « ol k » and loosing the di i t After w ard s

y .
it is pl a ced on th e feeder of the sc o uring m a chine w hich revolving carrie s , ,
th e w ool into the trough o f the m a chine hold in g hot w ater a nd a scouring
l iqui d 1 1 11 1 cl 1 is kept at a re gular te m perature by m eans of pipes bringing
,
stea m fro m the boiler The 1 1 0 0 1 is carri ed forw ard in this trou gh by
.
m eans of rakes to a c linder w hich lif ts the 11 0 0 1 on to a fee der carr y in g

y ,
it for 11 ard to rollers w h ich by m eans of great pressure squeez e the

, , ,
w ater f1 om it a n d rend e r it read for the Dr ing Roo m In this roo m is

y y .
a m achine havi n g a ver y po w erful fa nm akin g 8 0 0 revolutions per m inute ,

.
The w ool havi ng b e en sp read on the open w ork the fan is set in m o tion , ,
a nd b m ean s of the d air being dra w n through the w ool into th e fan
y r
y
-
cha m ber the m oisture fro m the w ool is carried then ce by m ea ns of a fl ue

, ,
to the outsid e of the galpon a n d the w ool is in a short ti m e rendered dry

,
a n d fi t for the n ext process Willo w ing and Ba rring Roo

.
m — In the fi rst o f
these in a m a chin e design a ted in E n gland in co m m on parlan ce a devil the
, ,
w ool is next pla ced

'
an d by m eans of a c ylinder revolving rapi dl y (th e
,
teeth in w hich pass t hrough the fixed teeth in the m a chine) an y dirt w h ich
m a y h ave re m ained is separated fr om the w ool a n d by a fa n carried thro ugh ,
a fine to the o utside of the galpon In a short ti m e the w ool is read y for
.
the bur 1 ing m achine w h ich is of a n e w an d m ost successful kind This

,
.
m achine being fe d the w ool is

,
carried t h i o ugh rollers re 1 olving in
d ifl e re nt dire ctions w hence it i s taken by a cy l in de 1 on t o a steel hooked
,
roller revolving rapi dl y in one direct ion so close to a n other s m aller fluted
,
roller revolvin g in the other direction , as to extract fro m th e wool al l

na nns cx s . 95
« c arretilla « abrojo 11 and a ny other extraneous m at t er Above th is are

, ,
.
r evolvi ng br ushes w hic h tak e the w ool fro m t he h ooked rol ler at t he
, ,
sa m e ti m e brushing off ever y p arti cle of dust w h ich is c arried off by ,
m eans of a po w e rful fan through a fi n e leadin g o ut of th e roof of th e

b uildi ng leaving the w o ol m o st de l icatel y cl ean and fit for m a nufacturin g
,
pur poses : it is t hen t ak e n to th e Packing roo m an d there b a led for

'
exp orta tion The en gi n e of ten h ors e po w er i s fixe d bet w e en the dr y i n g

.
,
-
,
and p res s roo m s and by m eans of stron g shaft ing and p u l l ie s runnin g th e
,
entire length of the build in g w hich m ak e 2 0 0 re volutions per m inute , ,
the w hole m achiner y and w orks ar e se t in m otion The b oile r .
a nd hot w ate r tank w ill be placed outside A large tank or deposit for
-
.
p u m ping w ater into fro m the rive r h as been sunk outside the building , ,
’
lined w ith zi nc capable o f holding w ater sufficient for nea rl y a w eek s use
, ,
so as to ren der th e w orking so m e w hat independent o f the river w h en l o w
or dirty Altogether there is a n a ir of co m pa ctne ss a nd a rra nge m ent about

.
the w hole establish m ent w hich m us t co m m end itself to all b usiness m e n

,
.
At the Tres E squinas also there i s a pla ce w ell w orth y o f n otice ; it is t h e

, ,
dock y ard of John Marsh all w ho built the first steam er in the R ive r Plate
’
, ,
the An glo Argentine in 1 8 6 3 Since t he n h e h as built the E ra the L ux a n

,
.
, ,
th e Estrella a nd other c o m m odious stea m ers for the passeng e r traffic o f

,
the Pa ra na and Urugua y ; the to nnage of thes e stea m ers w a s as follo w s

A n glo Argentino 3 0 tons 8 horse po w er ; E ra 1 3 0 t o n s 40 horse po w er
-
, ,
-
, ,
1
E strella 4 5 tons 1 8 h orse po w er ; th e interio r fittings of the se vessel s

, ,
-
w ere also done by Marshall w h o h as a c arpenter s shop attached t o his

’
,
iron w orks ; h e gives e m plo y m ent to a large n u m ber of hands : h e als o

’
constructed the v e sse l s of ligh t drau ght for Mr Se norans expedition up th e
'
R io Ve rm e j o D uring a quarter of a cent ur y this p ersevering m a n w h o

.
,
c a m e thither a poor m echanic has toiled suc cessfull y for h is adop te d ,
countr y and w ith grea t c re di t to hi m self not w ith standing the Opp ressive ,
d utie s on i ron and coal w hich w eig h do w n t his industry,

.
T HE B O CA .
F ollo w ing the sm uous c o u

'
rse of the R iachuelo to w a rds i ts m outh w e

p ass a n um ber of « barracas » w here a bust l in g trade is al w ay s g oing on ,
e ithe r re ceiving produce fro m the co ast ing craft or ba l iug w ool fo r -
,
ship m ent or e m barkin g hides w ool a n d b one ash in lighters for the vessel s
'
, ,
-
in t h e ro a dst e a d
'
The Llavallol a nd Balcarce « barracas » are notable for

.
their great size ; next co m e those of Te m perle y and Bun ge fi Near the last
‘
’
na m ed is Mr Youn ger s stea m « lavadero » for w ashing
. the fi rst
96 15
1
11 11 BO C A .
of the kind s tarted in the co untr y : this e nt er p rising Scotch m an bro ught .
his m achiner y from E ngland and be ga n his w or ks ver y succe ssfull y in

,
1 8 6 6 : s1 nce then other « lavaderos » have been established a n d t he ,
G overn m ent ha s m a m ea sure favoured the industry by ch arging ; no highe r

d uties on w ashed w ool and sheep skins than on un w ashed .
W e are n ow in th e re gion of Italian boat b uilders a nd th e so unds of ,
the sa w and ha m m er are heard on a l l sides This i s the Bo ca distan t .

,
a bout half a league by rail w ay fro m the cit y and consistin g of a n ,
a sse m blage of p ainted w ooden houses in the m idst of a rank vegeta tion .
,
The langu age of the plac e is a corrupt Genoese diale ct 1Vum be rs of

'
c oasting craft fro m th e up river ports the islan ds of the Paran a and th e ,
,
G 1 a n Chaco bring cargoes of oran ges vegetables char coal fire w o o

,
d &c , , , ,
.
,
for the use of the c it y ; the m a ster and cre w are invariably Italians and al l ,
,
part o w ners of both vessel and ca rgo The Riachuelo has so m an y ben ds .
that the n avigation is m ost di ffi cult : th e tide s are treacherous dependin g ,
chiefl y on th e w ind and vessels are so m eti m es dela y ed a w eek or m ore for
,
w ant of s u ffi c ient dr au gh t of w ater There is a Captain of th e Port w ith .

,
four subordinates and fifteen sailors The best stores are those of Casares .
an d Roncoroni Pini The w hole vill age 1 s at ti m es inundate d, the fl ood

.
rea ching as fa r as th e Calle Larga of Barra c as : there is also m uch dange r

o f fire ,
the houses be ing of w ood The situation is l ow da m p an d .
, ,
1 1 n w l1 ol e som e a n d the chol era m ade great havo c here

,
There 1 s no ch ur ch .
fo r th e inhabitants w h o a i e supposed to belo ng to the p a 1 ish of Sa n Tel m o

,
.
The cco m m unicat ion w ith the cit y is by rail and o m nib us fare $ 5 and $ 3 ,
.
The inhabitants a 1 e orde 1 l y and i nd ustri ous m ostl y o ccupie d in b uildin g ,
o r repa iring s m all vessels of 2 0 to 1 0 0 tons w hi ch trade w ith all the ports
,
of the Para n a and U1 ug uay The official returns sh o w that ther e are thirt y
.
o f the e do c k ards e m plo y ing 40 m aster builders 1 5 0 ca rpenters 85

s y , , , ,
sulkers 9 blacks m i ths and 2 5 sa w e rs 1 n 1 8 6 4 th e y b uilt 1 1 schooners

, y ,
.
and 1 5 sm al 1e 1 craft w ith a n aggregate tonnage of 8 7 6 tons the ti m be r

1
, ,
used being all hard w oods such as urunday alga rroba quebrach o , , , ,
lapacho &c fro m Pai a gua y and t he Gran Chaco There are 1 1 7 lighters
,
.
, .
,
m anned by 4 6 5 sailors constantl engaged bet w een th e Bo ca a n d th e

y ,
vessels in port The return s of coasting trade sho w 3 7 stea m ers an d 2 9 0 2

.
,
schb one rs en tered d uring th e y ear w ith an aggregate of 7 1 4 7 4 ton s Mr . .
j ,
Ho dge and 111 1 Sher m a n ha ve foundries on the south sid e of t h e gst re a m

'
.
,
w i th w h ich the r e i s a ferr y F or so m e ti m e the superannuated w ar

.
s tea m ers of the R epubli c m ight be seen her e , as als o the « drag » brou gh t )
o ut by Gover n m ent for cleansing t he port “ but wh ic h w as suffe ie d to stick

h e re usel essl yin the m ud In Jul y 1 8 6 7 , the A m er ican clergy m an , Re v
.
.
98 T HE m am as .
-
t w o State . s ch ools , a ttended by 6 5 boy snan d 5 2 girl s “The popul ation in
-
1
.
-1 8 6 4 w a s esti m ated at
. 1 including 7 9 4 F ren ch 6 59 Spaniar ds 6 2 2 '
, ,
,
Ger m an s rest Basques or Argentines

,
: .
Ther e are 2 0 7 »
1 1 dry 7 4 gro ce ry and liquo r
sh op s a nd 3 9 2 ;thatche d houses
,_
The cha cra s are 2 l 4 in nu m ber coverin g .
“ i
'
abo ut 4 0 0 0 acres of tille d ground : sth e partido co m pr ises ; fou r squar e . .
league s and the sto ck c onsists of 2 7 8 7 h orne d cattle 1 9 58 horses

,
. . . .
, ,
s heep (i n cl uding 1 6 8 fine do )and s w ine The rail w a y to E nse nad a . .
w ill follo w t he l i n e of the high road t ow a rds Quil m e s the fields on ei the r - -
,
. .
side rod uce abundant crops of The coas t line is l ow an d m arsh y

‘
-
,
a nd there is an island called Isla de Pe sca dore s w he re fug ti ves from j usti ce
'
. i :
,
so m eti m es hide t he m selves The high road to the Lo m as de Za m orr a . .

-
. ,
bran ches o ff a t the J uzgado , n ot far fro m the Barra cas b ridge The
1
. . .
m unicipal it y of South Ba rra ca s c om p rise s t h e J us ti ce of Pea ce and six

'
'
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, ,
m e m b ers : th ere are 5 0 alcaldes and poli ce and th e distri ct furn ishes 3 7 2
‘
1
.
,
.
Natio na l G uar ds The travel ler sh ould p a y a vis i t to the Artesian Well in
’
G
’
Ca m b a c ere s saladero , t he bore of w hi ch is eight y ni ne y a rds de e p ; the
'
-
. , . :
w a t e r is ; bra ck ish but ; sa id t o p osse ss sa l ine qual ities on w hic h accoun t

'
.
,
, _
,
establish ed here (se e pag e 1 0 7 of Se c ti on A ): The w ork s ,

.
w ere begun in 1 8 59 and con cluded in Marc h 1 8 6 2 t h e follo w ing being t h e .
l a y ers penetrated in b oring— l st Sand for 1 5 feet the base bei n g .

,
c orrupted w ith fi l t ra tion s fro m the sala deros 2 nd To ugh co m pact san d . .
for 2 4 feet 3 rd V er y close sand w ith veins o f « a sp e ron » for 2 feet

. .
, , .
4 th ; L iqu id sl im y soil for 3 feet 5 th D a 1 k bl ue ochr e , easil y dissolve d

’ '
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1
-
. .
, . _
,
for 9 feet Gth Tos ca w itlr ca l ca re o us spots for 8 fe et 7 t h Ver y

,
. .
,
.
,,
-
. . .
-
y e l l o w ifl u i d sand fo n S fe e t 8 t h ,Fluid gre y sand w ith s m all bit

-
s o f .
,
.
q uartz and a sp ring of w ater 3 3 feet 9 th Fluid sa n d for 5 6 feet

,
l 0 th ,
. .
,
. .
C onsiste n t l oa m m ari ne shells c alcareous fra gm e h t s and cr usts of a sp cron

, ,
for 5 6 1 1 th Argil l a ce o us sa nd for 8 feet

,
.
,
1 2 th Ver y hard ,
. .
ca l ca re ous l l a y e r for 1 2 fe et afte r w h ich ; t h e w ater rushed up through th e , ,
t ube to a heigh t of 1 5 fe et above the groun d and this w a s the co m p letion

, , ,
-
of t he w o rk s after boring 2 3 4 feet Th e f a il ure of t he w ell t o ab so rb t h e

,
.
blood of the sa l a de ros a va s said to be ow m g to the thin textur e of t h e

, ,
fl ui d lands .
It is prop ose d to re m ove t he sal a de ros to Ensenada te n le a gues f urthe r ,
s o uth w here ,
a good por t can b e n iade at l 1 t t l e t ro ubl e o r e x pense , a n d
‘ '
1
Mr .
c onne ct the plac e w ith Buenos A y res .
E x cunsrox s BY r u nw a y 99
C H AP . IX .
E X CUR S I O N S BY n a rt w a v
.
THE N O R TH ERN — T O TH E 1 1 0 11 12 ]
1 1
prettiest scen er y around B uenos A y re s is found i n thi s route : th e

distance is about t w e nt y fo ur m iles Th e li n e w a s begun in 1 8 6 2 by Mes srs
-
. .
Croske y and Murr a y of L ondon the G overn m ent gi vin g a guar a ntee o f
, ,
7 per cent on a n o utla o f It w a s o p e ned t o Sa n Ferna ndo in

.
y
Februar y 1 8 6 4 (see page 1 0 6 of Section A ) The offi cial retur ns for 1 8 8 6 .
and 1 86 7 a re as foll o w s
1 86 7
Num ber of passe n gers ,
G ross receipts ,
Working expe n ses ,
G uarant e e paid by G overn m ent ,

4 6 6 86 8 ,
T hi s lin e has not re shl t e d favorab l y o w ing to its i n ferior constru ct on

, ,
w hich h as cal led for constant repa irs m ak i n g the w o r k ing expenses exceed
,
8 0 per cent of the gross receipts

. It w ill be seen n everth eless tha t th e
.
, ,
de ficit to b e m ade go od by Govern m ent w a s m uch les s in 1 86 7 than 1 n th e

previous y ear .
l ax e v asio n s BY 13.1 1 t
’
[ 00 11 .
There is a tra m w a y fro m th e Custo m house to the Retiro term inus a -

,
m ile i n l ength the cars running along the P aseo Julio

,
past th e Gas house ,
-
,
T he Retiro ter m in us is at th e foot of th e bil l 0 11 w hich the city barrack

s ta n d s The first se ction of th e lin e is m uch exposed to inun dations
.
,
a lthough partl y protecte d fro m the riv er by a plan tation of w illo w s a m o n g ,
w h i ch y o u w ill see nu m b ers of bl ack w o m en w a hing clothe s O n the

s .
left w e have a pl easant vie w of t he quin ta s built along the « barranca » . .
Mm e F re bourg has a Fren ch b oarding s c h ool after w h ich co m es Bigl os s

.
-
,
’
q uinta w here General W h ite l ock e s ign ed the capit ula t ion of his ar m y in
, ,
1 80 7 it is n o w the prop ert y of Se nor E strada w hose splendid t w o st or y ,

-
m ansion is the n ext obje ct Belo w the quinta of Dr L ore nz o Torre s is the . .
'
ne w Stea m laundr y c los e to w hich i s th e ta vern of Pove ro Diavol o

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,
.
K l ap p e nba cn s quinta is n o w out up and y onder w a s the for m er residen ce

’
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o f Consul Parish co m m andin g a delightf ul vie w of the river So does

,
.
W h it fi e l d s quinta by turn s th e residen ce of the British or French

’
,
’
Min iste r and n e a rer to th e R ecol eta i s Mr Ar m strong s c ountr y house
, .
-
.
T he l in e here passes throu gh the dis m an tled fortifications of one of the ‘ ’
o ut w orks thro w n up in 1 8 6 1 to defend the cit fro G eneral Urq uiz a s ’

y m
t h 1 e a te n e d siege This is a ver y exposed point a nd the rail w ay w ork s

.
,
h ave bee n repeatedl y da m aged by inundations Th e w ater suppl y for th e .

-
city is taken fro m here ; the w oi k s and e m bank m ents j ust c o m pleted ar e
o n the left o f the line T he Rec ol eta ce m eter y and Poor A sy lu m cro w n
.
th e barranca
« The qu intas of Mr Sa m ue l B H ale an old A m erica n
. . .
,
m e 1 c hant of h ig h standing a nd of ex — Gover n or Sa avedra c om e n ex t In , ,

.
sou th easterl y gales it is co m m on to see vessels driven a sh ore here The

-
.
Bifl cros is a tavern n e a r Pa l e rm o Chico a nd there are so m e far m y a rds

'
-
,
h ere for rearing p oul try for the prin cipal cit y hotels W e no w e nter the
' '
ruined park of Paler m o the pala ce of B osas l y ing to the le ft Th e stati on

-
,
.
is sit ua t e in w h at w a s once th e grand avenue a nd o n o ur righ t is visible

' '
t he stand ho use of the Engl ish cricket club : the cri cket ground is abo ut
- - -
four a cre s re nt e d fro m the m unicipality of B elgrano and here the Athle tic
, .
,
S p orts also take plac e Pass ing the n e w Po w der m ill w e cross the Arro y o
‘
-
.
Ma l donado : abou t half a m ile on the le ft w e see t he han dso m e Maldonado

‘
q ui nta near w h ich Rosas co mmen ced a grea t bridge ove 1 the arro y o b ut it
, ,
h a s been lef t unfinished The line n ow crosses a tra c t of s w a m p y land .

,
t ill a pproaching th e « barra ncas » of Belgrano A n u m ber of pr ett y .
'
q uinta s ru n along the hill ending w ith a ver y a ncie n t t il é roof hou se ’
'
-
,
bel onging to Dr Corva l a n . .
The chapel of Belgra no has a ch arm ing effect lo okin g over the line o f
‘
r ai l w ay , the l owl ands, and the r ive r O n one side of the Station is the .
10 2 l sx cunsm a s 11 11 RAIL WAY .
house has st ood : here 1 11 solitude for so m e y ears surrounded by a vine y ard ,
a n d flo w er garden L oo kihg fro m th e rail w a y c arria ge over the river th e

'
traveller obtai ns a panora m i c vie w in w h i ch the th ousan d shi p s in the I

r oads tead of Bu enos Ay res for m an interest ing f eature The line now .
e n t e rs a slight c uttin g and w e are surro u nde d by the ri ch corn fiel ds o f

‘ ’ '
Sa n Isidro intersperse d w ith the quintas of Pellon Uriarte Pa checo

,
.
,
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,
,
.
Martinez a n d E scalada We cros s the fa m ous Callej on d Y ba ne z a green

, .
1 ’
,
l ane leadi n g fro m t he highro ad to the river w hich wa s t h e abode of a ga n g ,
o f briga nds thirt

'
y y ears a go n u m b erless robb eries and m urder s w ere

‘
co m m itted here and p a sse nge rs drea de d to pass the place e ven in t h e n oon
'
'
da y A d eserted u p ul p e ria » w here the robber s he l d their re n dez vous i s

‘
.
, ,
still s een ou the roadside b ut has long been uninhabite d There are so m e
'
,
.
h andso m e quint as on t h e barran ca righ t of t h e l ine b efore reach in g San

—
-
, ,
' n
Isidro Viz : th os e of Aguirre An choren a an d Vernet : the second w a s

,
.
, ,
built by Mr P at rick Bro w n an ol d Irish resident ; it h ad nice g rou nd s,

.
,
s u m m e r ho uses on th e cliffs and an ex cellent fruit g arde n Vernet s is

'
’
'
‘
.
,
"
e qually b eautiful c o m m andin g a bouhdl e ss vie w of t he river
’
.
,
Sa n Isidro is a char ming sunim e r resid en ce abou t 1 4 im il e s fro m t h e

‘ ' '
city w aving fie lds of corn far as the ey e can rea ch gree n l anes t h at re mind ,
y o u of so m e m idla nd counties in E ngla nd an d lovel y quinta s w ith Gre cian

' '
'
c olo nnades Moorish c orridors and rich ve getation a l l aro und , m ake up a
,
-
,
’
1
p icture unrivalled on this si de of the Rive r Plate The quintas of A1ve ar .

1
,
Ma ckinla y E lortondo Tom k inson and Y ba nez a re re m ark able for th eir
, , ,
'
- .
p ict u resque situat ion a nd l ux urio hs sty le The to w n looks a ncient and
'
1
.
,
m os t of the village forefathers sleep in the church y ard at the e n tran ce to

'
th e chapel o f St I sidore the L abo rer The legend of t h e foun da tion of Sa n

, . ..
Isid ro is thus told— On a su m m er afte rn oon in t he m ont h of Februar y 1 7 2 5 1 '
a Ga ucho h a l t e d l n s ho rse here un der the shade of a n om bu to t ake siesta

'
'
1
, ,
a n d struck w ith the beaut of the situation m ade a v o w to St Isidore hi s

,
y ,
.
,
p atron saint that i f e ver he ca m e to be a rich m a n h e w ould build a ch a p el

,
h ere H e be ca m e in ti m e a w e a l th v estanciero and kept h is w ord

. Th e ,
.
p resent ch urch is ho w e ver of a m ore modern date There is a p a ett y good

, ,
. .
in n ke pt by Se no r Tiscorn ia : The pub lic school is n e w l y bu ilt sp a cious

, , ,
and w ell ven t i l ated Fro m th e plaz a to the ri ver si de there is a sha dy
'
-
.
-
t hicket w hich is a favo rit e place for English pic nics in the fi ne w e ather
,
- .
Ncw count ry houses are b eing ever y da y built in th e neighbo rhood ,a nd on e

'
of the finest is that belongin g to an l t a l ia n gen tle m an close to the r ail w a y

‘
statio n General Mit re d uring h is t e rm of o flice sou ght rel ief f ro m the
'
.
, ,
’
ca res of st a te in a quinta on the r iver s side w he 1 e he passed the su m m er
‘
m onths w ith his fa m il y .

1 11 11 3 1 1 111 0
1
. 10 3
L eaving Sa n
Isidro the rail w a y strikes inl and and w e onl y ge t a dista nt:
,
1
v i e w of t h e qu int a s along the « ba rranc a » The m ost notable is th e P unta .
C hica Mr Brittain s de l ightful cott age this is fitted up w ith the ut most t aste
’ '
1
.
,
a n d luxur ; th e garde n s are extensive and w e ll st ored W it h a ll kinds of

'
y
fruit ; fro m the e xt re m e p oin t over the rive r ca n be seen the island of
' ‘
»
“ “
M artin Garcia and t he delta oi the Pa ra nei T her e is a r uin on th e
‘ ’
’
‘
-
.
« barranca » fro m the tim e of th e e a rl

y Sp a nia rds
‘ '
Corn fi e l ds agai n intervene t ill w e re a ch Sa n F e rnan do (alias Be lla Vista

-
'
fro m the b ea ut y of its The view inl an d n o w re ve a ts the first ' ’ ' ‘
li pses of the ide d o pe n ca p ith shee i i the distance

‘
g m w a n m ; w p g raz n g n .
The to w n i s at so m e d ista nc e fro m the river ; it is ver y ir re gularl y built ,
but has a con side ra bl e population an d pro m ise s to b ec o m e a pl ace of great

'
,
‘
im portan ce , if Mr Hopkins succeed in h is proj e ct o f m aking the C apita n

.
a rro y o the port of Buenos A res T h t v r goo d hotels : th e

‘
w
‘
e re ar e o e y
y .
National kep t by M Manet has good w ines and a cc o m m odation ; th e o the r

,
.
,
is call ed Hotel de F ranc e i n the Plaz a A n e w churc h is in cour se of,

.
'
c onstruction The re are m an y fi ne q ui ntas in the neighbo urhoo d ? San

.
'
F ernando o w es its ex isten ce to a n inundation w hi ch occ urre d a t L a s

'
Conchas in 1 8 0 6 w he n the parish prie st re m ov e d the sanctu ary to th i s

,
high gro und a nd the Vice ro y Sobre m o nte t urn e d the first sod of San
,
-
I e rn a ndo in grea t sole m n it y onl y a fe w m onths be fore his flig ht fro m ,
B uenos Ay res o n the E nglish i n vasion w hen h e e m barked fro m t his

, ,
s a m e place .
The Northern R ail w ay w a s at first intended to stop at Sa n Fernando an d ,
the Govern m ent guaran tee w ent n o further but the Co m pan y a fter w ards ,
r esolved to prolong it at t h eir o w n risk to the Tigre ; w hich offered a

c onvenient port for t h e r ive r stea m boats The Tigre i s at all ti m e s
' ’
sheltered f ro m rough w eathe r a nd w hil e it is o ften diffic ul t t o e mb ark in

‘
the roa d stead of B uenos A y res th e up river passenger t ra IIic sustain s n o -
i nterruption a ! the Tigre .
Fr o m Sa n Fern ando there IS a continual desce nt to w a r ds th e s w a m p s o f

the Tigi e and Las Concha s A fe w houses a nd ranchos scatte r e d here and
.
there a school house built on arches a quinta belonging to Mr Arn in g and

,
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,
.
,
s o m e clu m ps of trees are m e t w ith before reach i n g the Tigre w hi ch is

, ,
nearl y t hree m il es fro m Sa n Fe rnando and from the cit y Th e ,

'
rails run ri gh t do w n to the river and passe n gers can at once step on board ,
1
1
the stea m ers Be y o nd the Tigr e w e see several splendid co untr y ho uses ;
.
-
those of Gonsalez Moreno Tej edor Ga rrigo s and M a dero ; t he last , , ,
rese m bles a chapel and c ost a large sum of m one y At the ra il w a y

,
.
-
s tation there i s an ex cellent rest aurant kept b

y M C ha m pion S inc e t h e . .
E X C UR SI O NS int ‘
R a ILw AY .
s t e amers v isit the Tigr e a hu m b er of shops an d st ores hav e spr un g

'
-
The Captain of the Port h a s a w ooden house b uilt onpiles f The E nglis h .
ro w ing club ha ve a boat ho use in w hich the y k e ep their « o utriggers » an

-
.
-
,
1
exceedi ngl y light craft of w hich y ou w ill often see on Sun da y s a dozen , ,
*
“
ski m m ing over the w aters of the L uj an Tigre and nu m b erless channel sof , ,
The s e islands w ere uninhabited a fe w y ears a go and

'
t he Para n a i slands t
.
Se nor Sar m iento (n ow President of the R epublic )w a s one of the first to

appr eciat e their beaut y and fertilit y : h is isl and in the Rec a ladas strea m ,
‘
is a garde n t e e m ing w ith fruit a nd vegeta bles so m e of the tree s p lanted by

‘ 1
“
h is o w n hand Not far off is another island cul tivated by Senator Pl fi e I O
.
,
,
‘
but the finest of a l l is tha t of 11 11 1 1111 13 1 a French m an w h o ha s invested

‘
, ,
sterling in the venture living hi m self on the island an d ra ism g , ,
the finest potatoes for the ci ty m arket The trave l ler w ill pass a pleasan t .
da y a m on g these islands w h ere Nature b esto w s a l ux uria n t ve ge tat ion and

‘
, ,
e ver y strea m is bord ere d w ith w illo w s th at d roop their branches to th e

w ater s edge , a n d t h e quince trees laden w ith fruit of e n
’ “
-
or m ous siz e .
’
The is l anders are m ostl y Italians or Fren ch so m e of the m gardeners ; ,

-
others charcoal bur ners o thers basket makers ; the y have their huts buil t ,
-
'
on poles to guard against th e fre q ue n t inundations Th e usual charge for

,
.
b oats at t he Tig re is $ 3 0 an hour T here a re six trai ns to a nd from t o w n

'
1
dail y , m aki ng t he run in about an ho ur and 2 0 m inutes .
T HE ( BO C A AND E NSE NADA RAI L W AY .
The first con cession for this line w a s granted i n favor of M L elievre but .
,
th e w orks w ere not co m m enced till Mr Wheel w right took the con cession
-
.
‘
in hand in 1 8 6 3 the first sod b ein g turned on Washington s birth da y

’ v
F ebruar of th t ear In Jul follo ing the Nat ional G o vern m en t

( d
2 3 r
y) a y y w .
m ade a n e w con cession in favor of Mr Wheel w right (see page 1 0 6 of .
S ect ion A ) w ith a right o f m onopol

, y for tw ent y y ears b ut w ithout a ny
,
' '
guarantee for in t erest The line w a s opened to Barracas four m iles on . , ,

‘
Septe m ber and a branch w a s sh ortl y after w ards r un do w n to the

Boca It is pro p osed to prolong this rail w a y to E n senada thirt y m ile s
.
‘
f urther so uth but the w orks are suspended for a ti m e o w ing to a d i ffi cult y
,
.
ab out the exact point w here the lin e is to cross th e R i achuelo .
This line h a s been ver y successful : in 1 8 6 7 it carried passengers ;

producing of w hi ch the w o rking expenses absorbed 6 0 p er .
.
The n ett procee ds gave 6 } per cent , on a capi tal of

'
cent .
'
sterling .
106 E x cua sm s s 11 11 RAI L W AY .
w ooden stati on : th e p asse nger s a re al m ost e x cl usiv e l y Geno e s e 3 He r e a

'
'
"
.
w ere landed so m e of the l o co m otives brou ht out from E nglan d fcir th e l

’ '
'
'
g
C en tral Argentine Rail w a y ,but the goods tra i l le by this Wa y is in conside r able ,
o w ing to the difficul ty of bringing lig hters up the R iachuelo a nd t h e ,
ne cessit y of carti n g goods a t th e Venez uela St atio n till the v i a duct be m ad e ’
t o the C usto m hous e -

.
1
The t ra ins f or Barra ca s h a ve to ru n d o w n to t he Bo ca and then return ,
to the m ain line ivh ich goe s stra igh t to w ar ds t h e B a rraca de Pe na on t he

'
' '
, ,
W e p a ss Yo unger s st e a ui facto ry for w ashi ng

’
‘
b anks of the Riachu elo .
’
r
she epskins and th e barracas of Te m perle and B unge 5 1 The tr ain h alts
'
1 at
, y
’
Pena s barraca to l e t do w n or p i ck up w ool brokers or b arra que 1 os this
,
b arraca IS on e of the fi nest a n d does a great b usine ss ,

.
Th e line no w hugs the l i ver side pa ssin g in front iof sev e ral barracas , ,
'
w here the peons are at w ork loadin g or discharging produc e f ro m s chooner s .
'
a n d lighters , w hi ch are m oore d under the w ill ow s : At ti m es the ba nk s are

'
s tre w n w it h fish p oisoned b the sala der o l i uids 3 a n d t h e n the s

y , q m ell i s? ,
1
-
i nsuppor table ; O n the opp osit e bank are th e s aladero s The Ria ch ue l w
'
'
. .
here i s about 1 50 feet w ide the w ater of a dirt y red colo r and the b ott om
.
, ,
is such a deposit of m ud that so m eti m e s w hen a m a n falls into the w at er h e

’ '
n ever rises to th e surfac e .
Pass in g th e exten siv e ba rraca of Hughes & P eters w e rea ch the Ci nco =
'
E squinas sit uat e at the end of the C alle L a rga i The Strange r should visit
,
'
the Club , and Marsh a ll s dock y ard F ro m her e t he l iue p ur su es its cours e
’
.
1
by the for m er site of Br ow n s saladero and t hen o n t o t h e Barra ca s B ridg e ’ ‘

1
, ,
t h e present ter m in us
' '
Th e trains run fro m to w n ever y h our and r eturn f ro m Barra cas at t h e

.
,
-
h alf hours m aking the j o urne y eith e r w a y in t w ent y —

. ’
fi ve m inut e s w The
‘
'
-
,
a ver a ge n u m b er of pa sse n ers is

g 11 1 1i .
When the line shall be prolonged to w ards E n sen ada it w ill c ross the
f ‘
Riachuelo n ear the site of th e old p assenger b ridge pass t hro ugh th e w id e ,
1
m ai n street that le ads to the C ruceci ta leaving B a rra cas ch urch on t h e ,

“
righ t and crossing th e arro y o at the Puent e Chico It w ill t h e ntouch a t
,
.
'
Q il h i h ill b co e t e suburb w hen onc e connected w i th

sfavori
'
u m cs w ,
c .
w e m a
to w n There are m an y ni c e quintas h ere and the far m a n d plantation sof

.
,
'
Mr John Clark cov e r a great extent L eaving the ca ba iia s of L atha m an d

'
‘
'
.
B enavente on t he right ,t he line w ill tra ve rse t he e st an cia s of Mrs Y a te sa nd '

'
D on L e on a rdo Pe re y ra ; then fol l o w m g the r oute of the t elegraph w ires

'
o ve r a tra ct of s wam p y count ry a n d cross in g Mr Bell s E st a nci a Chica it ’

'
,
.
,
w ill ter m ina t e a t E nsenada w her e Mr W h e e l w righ t proj ects to for m the
.
,
.
.
port cf Bu enos A y r e s ; a s it w a s un der the earl y Spaniards till the m outh .

WE ST ER N RA IL W AY . 10 7 1
b eca m e i m peded w ith sand . The distanc e fro m B ue n os Ay res to Ensenada

i s thirt y thre e m iles
-
.
T HE WES TE R N TO CH I V L C O Y
I .
Th is w a s th e first rail w a y c on structe d in th e Rive r Plate i t w a s got up 1
e ntirely by l ocal c apitalists th e c o ntractor b eing Mr Br a gg ; th e first sod ,

.
w a s turned a t the Pla za Parque i n presence o f the civil and ec cle siastical ,
a uthorities on the feast of Santa Rosa (August 3 0 th )1 8 5 7 It w a s opened

,
.
t o F l ores 6 m iles in the follo w ing y ear ; t o Moron i n 1 8 59 ; and to

, , ,
M oreno 2 5 m iles in 1 8 6 1 The enterpri s e pro ved unsatisfa ctor y to t he

, , .
shareholders a nd a fter so m e d issension the l ine w as purchase d by th e

,
Govern m ent of B uenos A y re s for 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 mjc w ith the vie w , ,
o f prolonging it t o the w estern districts The Provincial Bank w as .
a utho rized b the Legisl ature to a d n c e f the prolongatio n

'
y va o r
t o Mercedes 3 7 m iles bey ond Moreno and s ubsequentl y 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 for the

, , , ,
1
section to Chivilco y in all 1 0 0 m iles fro m to w n : the total cost h a s bee n

,
( including a su m produced b y sale of publi c lands ) or a bout

sterling e qual to a m ile T he line w a s in augurated for
, .
t ra fiic to Chivilco on S epte ber 1 h 1 8 6 6 on w hi h o ccas io n th e

‘
y m 7 t c , ,
Govern m ent struck a m edal w ith t h e inscri ption « Western ra il w ay to

Chivilco y 1 0 0 m iles constructed ent irel y by n at ive re sources » The line
, ,
.
traverses the best sh e e p fa rm ing distri cts in the c ountry and does a g rea t
.
b usiness in goods and passengers The o ll icia l re tu rns for 1 8 6 6 and 1 8 6 7 .
a r e as follo w s
1 86 6 .
1 86 7 .
Nu m ber of passengers ,
G ross receipts goods 6 passengers ,
:
Working expen ses 5 7 p cent 6 5 p cent

,
. . . .
Nett profi t o n ca pi tal 91 7g ,

»
The decre a se of profits in th e latter vear w as o w in g to a re duction o f

2 5 p e r ce nt in the fares w hich a re c heaper than on a n y other l i ne Th e
‘
a m ou nt re m aining due t othe Bank on Ap ril 3 0 th 1 8 6 8 w as

, ,
T he co n struction of telegraph w ire s to Ch i vilco y c ost e qual to £ 6 2

’
p e r m ile Th e line is on Barlo w rai ls fro m to w n to Mercedes and Gri ffin s
.
,
rails fro m Mer cedes to Chi vilcoy : at special places there are Kru pp s or ’
’
G re a ve s s steel rails also V i gnoles and do uble headed rails
,
The .
ter m inus has been recentl y supplied w ith a po w erful fi re e ngine w orked -
b y stea m po w er w i th a hose so m e h und reds of y ards 1 11 length

,
.
10 8 E x cun sm xs BY R A IL W AY .
The Pa rque station is in th e Plaz a of th at n a m e ; t he ne w station now

'
.
b uilding w ill co ver 1 8 0 0 squ are y a rds ; the l ine crosses the “ Pl az a .
.
dia gonall y passing in f ront of the artiller y m agazine ; there is a sh a rp

,
cur ve into the C a lle Pa rque a nd here the y h a ve e m plo y ed steel rails
, .
A lthough the Calle Pa rqu e is onl y 4 0 feet w ide a nd thickl y inhabited n o

”
a ccidents o ccu r here in fact Buenos A y res is so fortu nate in this res p ec t ,
t ha t o ur rail w a y m ortalit y does n ot a m o unt to one person y earl y Leavin g .
the n e w Jes uit co l lege at Calle Cal l ao on o ur right the line m akes a nother '
b e nd ; in to C alle Corrientes d o w n w hich th ere is a stead y declin e till w e

~
reach the gre a t w ork sh op s of the rail w a y These w ere co mplete d in 1 8 6 8 .
and co mpris e a fi rst cl a ss e st a bl ish m e n t for all kinds of rail w a y w orks

'
the vari ous sh ops of car p enters blacks m iths tu rne rs coach builders , , ,
-
,
p ainters & e are w ell w orth a visit F urther on the spa cious goods
, . .
’
s tores offe r an ani m a ted p ict ure in the w ool season and ha ve ac co m m odat ion ,
for a l a rge portio n of produc e of the northern and w est ern sh e e p farm s
the roof is of c orr ugated i ron su p p orted by m e tal pill ars Pa ssin g t h e
,
. ,
« m ill of t he W e st » w e get a vie w of the O n ce de Setie m bre w ool m arket ; -
this is cro w ded in the b us y season w i th the « ca rre tas» or ca m p w agg ons r ,
w hich m ay be said to naviga t e the Pa m p a s in all di re ctions Th is is the .
firs t station 0 11 t he line .
Fro m O nce de Setie m bre th e lin e st rikes out d ue w est throu gh a s erie s
O n th e left is t he Mise re re a
‘
o f q uint a s w e l l sto cked w ith fruit tree s

‘
-
,
.
v e ry a n cie n t pla ce associated w ith General W h i t e l oe k s atta ck on Bue n os

’
A y res A branch line run s off h e r e to w ards Barra cas w hi ch w a s m a d e

. .
,
w ith th e intention of carr y ing pro duce to the Ria c huelo but this w a s _ ,
d ‘
after ar s a bandoned : it i s n ow used for carr y ing off the city ordure
w ,
w h ich is burnt i n an adja cent field Befo re reaching Al m agro s tati on w e

.
p ass the quintas of Bletcher and Gom e z o n the ri ght a nd Billin ghurst o n
'
-
,
the left The station adjoins the grounds of Don Juli an Al m agro a nd is
'
.
,
Qt m iles fro m the c it y At a sh ort distan ce on t he ri ght are th e suburba n

.
1
r esidences of Mr L um b Dr Velez Sa rsfie l d a n d t he J esuit father s

.
,
.
,
.
There are n ow t w o highroads par allel w ith the l ine the Gaun a road on the ,
r ight an d the F lores road on the left The latter is l ined w ith qu inta s .
belonging to Ca rrera s Valenz uela Ceballos Achaval Am e sp il Tarra gona

, , , , , ,
Cruz and L abrue

, O n th e G anna road i s a saladero for ki l ling pigs
. .
T he m eado w s about h ere give ab undant ha y crop s O n a sli gh t e m inenc e .
to the r ight is Bose h ill th e delightful residen ce o f a l e a ding shipbroker

-
, ,
Mr Bo y d : the house i s i n Gre cian st y le w i th pri ncipal fro nt lookin g

.
,
e a st w ard a row o f A ustralia n gu m trees for m ing the ave nu e fro m t h e

,
’
highroad ; th e ga rdens are exceedingl y ta steful O n the left is Gue rrico s .
,
10 E X C UR SI O N S B Y RAI L W AY .
estan cia house surrounded by a « m o nte » or pea ch pla nta tion O n th e

-
.
right are thos e of Gonsa l e z a n d Pe l l on ian d the left Pear son and Dillon
u
, ,
the last na m ed is Justic e of th e Pea ce for Merl o and des cended of a

.
,
respe ctabl e I rish fa m il y that w a s banished In the rebellio nof 1 7 9 8 The . .
v illa ge of Merlo is a st raggl ing pla ce w i th a sca n ty p op u l a t ion a n d a little

.
Gothi c ch urch : the p ubli c s chool is h alf w a y b etw e en the station 51111 1 11 13
- -
villa ge an d near it is an E nglish built

,
b el onging to Mr -
.
Boy d : Many of the h ouses are in ruins a nd the doors still painted re d a
'
,
,
s ouven ir of the ti m e of Rosas The finest estan cia in the neighbourh ood .
is th a t of Mr Tho m as Ga l 1 an a w e a l thy I rish sh e e p farm e r Se nor Carra n z a

’
.
, o
.
h a s a lso a w ell culti va ted cha cra The b ran ch ra il w ay to L obos w il l st a it . .

, ,
1
fro m near Merlo W e n o w cross th e r iver Las Concha s : on the left i s

.
’
C asta gno s fl our m ill a nd a dj ac e nt are m e ado w far m s belo n gin g to so m e
industrio us Fren ch m en Alco rta s « c aba na » of fine s heep i s on t he left
.
’
w ith a tast ful house a 11 d p l a n t a t ion s a n d ful t he r w est is the valuable

e
.
_ ,
e s tancia of Mr Wy att Sm i t h a favori te vis iting pla c e for strangers w h o w is h

.
,
t o have an insight of ca m p life -

.
More no is d istant 2 5 m il e s fr om th e cit y an d Was a place of so m e ,
I m port a n ce be fore the p rolonga ti on of the li ne ; it has a pop ulati on of a ‘
fe w h undred souls w ith a h otel a doz en sh ops a lar ge plaz a and a church
.
, , ,
at t he w e stern corne r of th e Plaz a is a cu 1 ions unfinishe d st ruct ure w ith a .

,
« m irador » three stories hi

gh this w as the w ork of a F rench m an w h o w a s
,
e m plo y ed to build the church a n d w h o die d before finishing either th e ,
ch u rch or his h ouse Horses m a y be lu re d at the hotel L aba st ie

. The onl y .
c u t ting on the lin e is aft er lea ving Moreno a nd eve n this is i nsig nificant ,
p i ob a bl y there n ever w a s a ra ih o a d e a sier construct ed t h a n t h is the w ork ,
si m pl y bein g to l a y d o w n the rails on the t a i f w hich is so le ve l that Mr ,

.
Allen assu res i1 s t h e inclin e so m eti m es in ten m iles does not exceed th a t
n u m ber of i n ches We a re n o w fa irl y launched on the broad boso mof t h e
.
Pa m pa and if y ou w i sh to fea st y o ur e y es on th e g10 1 I on s expanse tha t h a s

,
n o li m it for a tho usand m iles y o u sho uld ask p e i m ission to a cc o m pan y the
, _
en gine d river w h o h u
-
rrie s alon
, g at 3 0 m iles an hour spee d ing on w a rd r
,
to w a rds the India nterri to ry w i th the m otto of his loco m ot ive « I m off io
,
’
.
Chil e ! » T he 1 e IS a pe culia r sense of buoy ancy a nd f reedo m

1
careerin g
o ver these boundless prairies a n d the e y e of the poli tical e con o m ist i s ,
cheered by t h e signs of thri ving pastor a l ind ustr y on all sides l Iost of .
the sh e e p fa rme rs are Irish m en so m e of the m o w ners of large tra cts of

.
.
,
.
lan dand nu m erous flock so f sh ee p ; o t he rs a re poor « p ue st e ros» follo w ing
their flocks o n hors eba ck w h ile the chil dren ru n out fro m th e m ud ranch o
,
to gaz e a t th e train as it passes The h u m bl est hut of a n Irish m an i s .

L vm a rm M ER C EDE S . 11I
distinguishable fro m those of native s by its ha v in g a chi m ne y an d a ladde r , ,
the latter being us ed a s a loo k o ut for the sheep On th e ri ght is Rober t -

.
Kell y s estanci a after w h ich w e cross the A rro y o Sau ce and a « canada »
’
,
or h ollo w ca l led Baj o hondo To th e lef t are th e e stancias of E d w ard

, ’
-
.
D illon an d O w en L y n ch : the la tter m ade h is m one y i n the cit y at his trade

of saddler The Alvares estancia covers a larg e area and w e cross the
.
,
arro y os Durazno an d L a Choza t he l atter of w hich rises so m e league s ,
higher up in th e est an cia of Mr Patrick )laguire Th e Rodriguez statio n

,
. .
i s on the site of an i nte nde d to w n w h ich at present co unts seven houses ,
it w a s m arked o ut b y Go vernor Saavedra w ho directe d that the c hurc h ,
w hen buil t should b e dedicated to St Patrick a s m ost of the neighbor s .

,
are f ro m the " 1 0 8 11 isle of Erin Ci oss ing the « cana da » of Sa n \ nt onio w e
.
s k irt the Irigoy e n e stancia ; the house has a ch apel a nd large cha cra
at ta b e d
1
T he c on fl ue nce of L a Choz a and Arias arro y os is ne ar anothe r
large Irish settle m ent co m prising the rich estancias of Pe ter Ha m Joh n
, ,
B ro w n Kelly Ca se y , and others afte r whi ch w e get sight of th e

, , ,
Vill a de L ux a n .
L u xa n IS one of the prettiest and m ost in t eresting to w n s in the cam p an d ,
d ist ant for ty three m iles fro m th e cit y It derive s its na m e fro m a Sp anish
-
o li ice r k illed in an enc o unter w ith the Indians o n th e ba n k of t h e river th a t

.
fl o w s by here Th e ch urch of L ux a n has long bee n a pilgrim age for peopl e

.
.
fro m a l l parts o f South A m eric a a nd the sh rin e of the Virgin is richl y

.
, ,
d e cora t e d w ith votive o fferi ngs Th e C ab il do st a nds in th e plaz a aroun d 1
.
. . ,
w hich a re several good shops

. Th ere is an I rish priest re side n t h e re Th e
. .
pub lic sch ools a r e w orth y o f a vis it Au o m nibus plies be t w een the station .
and the to w n a nd if the traveller w ish to see so m e of th e Irish e st a ncia s h e

,
W ill find horses for hire O n Sun da y m ornings the to w n is cro w de d w ith
.
Ir ish m en co m ing in to Mass and one or other of th e richer estancieros w ill

,
a l w a i s i n vi t e a res p ectable str a nger to d ine w fth h im a t his estancia Fro m .

‘
L ux a n the line r uns al m ost pa rallel w i th th e L ux a n river but in oppo site ,
directions nearl y the w hole w a y t o Mercedes Cros sing a s m a ll arro y o

, .
w e pass th e e stancia s of Ro m ero Gutierrez Max w ell B urke and R eal on , , , ,
the left and Go nsalez Navarro and Achaval on the righ t We n ow enter
, , , ,
.
ou th e large O l ivera e stancia w her e there i s a m id w a y station bet w een

’
, ,
L ux a n and Mercedes The e st an ci a R uiz intervenes befo re passing th e

.
Arro y o Balta w hich is sp a nned by a n iron bridge six ty feet long afte r
, .
‘ ,
w hich w e l eave the estancias o f Vi var Ga ra gha n and Connor on the lef t
.
, , ,
a n d those ot D r and N icolas Lo w e on t h e ri . h

g t .
M e r cedes is visible a t a c onsiderable distance or at le ast the cha cra s and ,
qu intas w hich s urround it for nothing of the to w n itself can b e seen t ill
, .
Ex cn
'
l i2 asm i
is R AIiW AY
'
‘
BY .
w e h ave trav ell ed a couple of m iles through sh ady p ea ch or ch ards Th e .
rail w ay stati on is superb and ha s an ex cellent « b uffet

'
The city for

,
.
'
,
"
such is its oll icial titl e is a m ile distant a nd o m nib uses m eet every train
, , .
T h e ch u rch an d n e w t ow n h all are handso m e b uildings and th ere are about ,

'
5 0 0 0 inhabitants : an Irish priest resides here
,
The best shop is that o f .
Me 3 3 1 5 Torroba Brothers w here strangers w ill find a uv in f0 1 m at ion t hey

'
m ay re quire There are t w o goo d inns and horses or carriages m ay b e

.
,
hired for excursions This to w n like L u x a n i s a great centre of Irish

.
, ,
sh e e p fa rm e rs w h o possess several val uable estan cias in th e partido It is

’
, .
d istant sixty m iles fro m Buenos Ayre s and the trip is m a de in th ree ho u rs ,
T he L u r an ri ver fl o vvs N W of the to w n As w e l ea ve

'
a n d a h alf
’
- .
. . .
Mercedes the ce m etery i s on o ur left and w e a gain tra verse a n u m ber bf

, ,
q u i ntas cross1 ng the L ux a n r i ver belo w the Fr i as estanc 1 a beyond W h ICh

,
l
,
.
w e see a large fl o ur mill O n the left w e p a ss a w oodén cross in the centre

.
this m arks th e scene of a dreadful battle w ith the India hs

‘
o f a fence d field .
s o m e forty years ago in w hich the sa vages w ere victorious and here are
, ,
interred th e unfortunate frontier tr 0 0 ps w h o w ere cut to p i e ces O n the .
r ight w e see th e electri c tele gra ph w ires that start hence for R o s ario ,
passing through Sa n N i colas and s o m e int e r m ediate villages The r iver .
L u r an stil l run s parallel and on the right b

are the estanc i s of Barrancos
,
a
"
a n d U nzu e on the left S a nchez and Ara n
' '
'
A little f rt h e r w e fin d
'
u
'
, gu re n .
s o m e m ore w e althy Irish far m ers ; Mi cha e l Murray J ohn D il l on a nd ,

'
, '
E d w ard Martin : th e ca m ps about h ere begin to descen d O n the right is .
t h e con fl uence of three arroyos na m e d Cardo Duraz no and Le ones ; , , ,
b eyond these are s ever al lagoons and a little e m in enc e called Cerrillo de
L eones A fe w yea rs ago this w a s Indian territory and a s yet the re are
.
'
fe w pea ch m o unts or plantations The solitary o m bti stands out a t

‘
.
,
intervals in bold relief on th e horiz on th is tree is w 0 1 t hl e ss e ven for

,
.
'
fi re w ood the ti m ber being e va ct l y lik e a rot ten c abbage stalk but it is
,
-
,
m ost val uable as a land m ar k i n the Pa m pas and the coolness of its shade 1 s ,
e xceed i ngly grateful to th e w earied traveller Travelling across these .
plains bears so m e rese m blance to a j ourney “

i n E gypt : w h e n the pla i n
is a t all dusty and the sun shines bri ghtly , a perfect « m ir a ge » i s

'
created Y ou fan cy you see a lake or river and t h e re flecti on of trees in

.
,
t he w ater : the picture reced es fro m you as yo u advance the lake never
‘
h a d e x ist e n ce and th e tree is only a shrub a fe w in che s high

,
Another .
effe ct of the m ira ge is to c onfu se distances : t w o h ouses are in sight a nd ,
y ou m ake for the nearest but you find it d ouble the distanc e of the other , .
T he si z e of obje cts is also stran gely m a gn ified and a s m a ll w hite w ashed ,

'
co tta ge appears a la rge and st a t e l m a nsion It ofte n happens at da y brea k

y .
1 14 4911 6 1111 Si ons BY au nw nv .
( T f
ii
Ch ivil coy, the t e hl p orary t érrri iuS of the w estern lin e is1 0 0 mil es fro m
n ' '
,
[
Bueno s Ayre s a n diist h e gre a tt a gr1 cul t ura l di st ri ct of the provinc e : it h a d
' '
1 .
,
long be e n it he dr e a m of Don Do m i ng o Sar m iento now President of th e

'
, ,
ye ars sin ce it s foundatio n th e p rogress of th e

' '
R ep ublic and , ,
' '
,
"
pla ce h as b e en ra pid and prosperous Ab undant crops of grain a n d
. .
p otatoes are raised here , b ut previous to the ra il w ay rea ching Chivil coy
( Septe m b er 18 6 6 )t h e fa rm ers had no m arket for their Indian co rn a nd w er e -
Th e « cha cra s » cov er a gr eat

'
o bliged to b urn it for fu e l in m a k ing bricks

'
e xtent of ground and are fa m ous for e xcellent pea ch e s ,

The stre ets are .
w ide and m a ny hohse s a re of t w o sto r ies Th e re is a first rate cl ub a n d

‘
-
.
,
sch ool h oiise

'
r ea ding roo m ; also The 2 0 0 yards on

‘
- -
.
’ '
Z
ea ch side At M essrs : Torroba Stam cl a rd a ge n t s the st ra n ger can procur e
.
, ,
Th e t ra in t akes 52 h ours t o m ake the j ourne y

’
' '
a n y n e ce ssa ry in form at i on z .
fro m to w n : ther e are tw o tr ains daily e ac h Wa y.

‘
.
Th e line i s b eing p rol onge t o Bragado 55 m iles furthe r w e st ; forw hich

'
,
" ‘
purpose th e L e gisl a t ure of Bue nos Ay re s re c e ntl y v ote d an e m ission of

'
‘
6 per Th e route w il l ftrave rse the « chac ras » of Chivil coy ,
u gh i M r White s la rg e
’
c ross the Arro yo Hinoj o a n d San Ant oh io t hen t h ro
' ’
.
,
Tl iis r iver is crosse d in 3 5 de gree s S

'
w he at far m d ow n to the Bio Salado

‘
' ‘
. . .
l a t and j ust 2 degrees of longitude W of Buenos A y r e s

' '
.
,
The estancias . .
of the Cra n w ell fa m ily and of Biaus intervene be fore rea ching the la g oon s
o f Bragado grande and Cassio Then there is a « lo m a » or gentle ri se
'
'
- '
.
,
a nd on t he fa r side lies the frontier to w n of Bra gado ne ar th e Saladil l o

. .
,
lagoon . 1
‘ l ‘
l
—
c
THE S OU TH E R N T O C H AS C O M S U .
The first sod w a s turned on March 8 th 1 8 6 4 by Pres ide nt Mitr e and th e , , ,
line w a s co m pleted to Ch a sco rn us in Dece m ber 1 8 6 5 t h e distan ce bein g

'
The contr actors Messrs Peto Betts

'
'
7 2 } m il e s a n d the cost £ 7 2 5
1 , ,
.
,
a dopted the Barlo w ra i l and the construction of the road the r olling sto ck ,
-
,
& c are highly creditable

. The line m a y be co nside re ve ry successful ,
d f
.
fro m th e foll ow ing o ffi cial returns

1
Nu mber of pa ssengers , . 1 .
1 Gross recei pt s ,
3 “ W orki n g ex penses ,
G oods t ra flic ,
D eficit Pa id b y Go vern m ent ,

s ‘
L o an D E z a m onni d
Thus it ill be se en th at the Work ing fe X p e h se s dim inishe d,uw l iil e t h e

w
n et t pro ceeds in cr ea se d rom in 1 8 6 6 t o over 5 p e r ce nt ; in 1 8 67 1 n The 1

'
prolongation to D olore s i s indefinitely p o stp bne d l im l

i ; 1 i i v
There is a tra m w ay conne ctin g the Pla z a Consti tucion ter minu s w ith th e -
' '
'
c ity ; at present it stops in Calle L i m a but it w ill b e p rol onge d t o th e
‘
-
,
Custo m house The ter m inus has every ac co mm odation for p ass en gers an d
-
.
.
go ods th e sheds a ffording a m p l e storage for w ool The l iue l e ave s t h e

'
~
, .
C onvale cencia on the right and Langdon s and Saenz Valiente s quin tas on ,
’
-
’
the le ft after w hich there is a rap id de cline to w ards Bar ra ca s w hile

, , ,
th e vie w takes in a varied landsc ap e o f country houses a nd gardens w ith -

,
th e Boca in the distance The station of North Barra ca s is c l ose t o

"
‘
Pereyra s sal ad ero in the m idst of a lit tle colony of i ndustrious Ba sques
’ '
, .
The Riachuelo is crossed by a great iron girder bridge suppo rt ed by si x ,

“
cylinde rs and h a vin g a spa n of 5 2 yards : t h e cylinders a re sun k 6 0 fee t
, ,
an d th e bed of the strea m is so sli my that so m e of the m stan d in 13 ?feet o f

'
m ud ; each cylinder w a s tested w ith a w eight of 1 2 5 tons of rails : th e

b ridg e w as m ade in Englan d by Bl essrs Bridge w ort h and is a noble w ork
'
. .
,
'
’
O n the south bank of the Riachuelo are the Co m pany s w orkshops that for
re p airi ng loco m otives and doing o ther iron w orks h as roo m for a dozen '
l arge forg es w ith line s of m a ssive brick w ork ; the sh ed for m endin g
‘
carriages is e qually spacious and h as a turnin g table ; then follo w t w o .

-
,
large depots for car ri ages a nd en gines The station of South Barraca s is
, .
a t so m e distan ce fro m the villa ge : w e see th e church to w ers on th e left ,
a s w e traver se a region o f kitch en gardens to L a n uz s tation and then spee d -

, b
a w ay to w ards the picturesque t h ick e t s of
L o m as de Z a m orra : there are several pretty qu inta s in the neigh

bourh oo d of the Lo m as and a m ong the contributors to th e villa ge churc h
,
w ere Messrs Peto Betts and so m e other Protestant fr iends

. It w oul d be .
difiicul t to find in th e en virons of Buenos A yres a m ore delightful place for

cou ntry h ou ses than h e re abo a t The air is peculiarly fresh a nd in vi goratin g
-
.
the ground high and dry the plantations affor din g agreeable sh a de and , ,
f or ming green lanes line d w ith popl ars Mr Te m p e i l e y s quinta is t h e . .

’
m ost char m ing that can be i m agined being finished in the b est Englis h ,
‘
I his
'
style w ith handso m e grounds through w hi ch the rail w ay runs

, ,
.
r
p ro p e rt y a cq uire d great value by the line an d Mr T e m perley sold a part

‘ ‘
.
,
of hi s « chacra » i n building lots for c ountry houses Messrs G reen -

. .
,
Drabble Grigg and oth ers have lands n ear th e line The L om a s st a t ion
, , , .
is excee dingly neat : it m ay be m ent ioned here that t he s tation s on th e lin e

c ost th e sum of Mr Te m p e rl e y s house is a little w ay b e yond .
’
’
t h e statio n , o n the right , ; a nd opposi te t o it is Mr L i vi n gston e s
' ’
.
.
X 2
Ex cm srous BY R AiL WAY
‘
u m m er house ; Em e rgin g fr o m t h e w oods of

ne a t s
' '
Z am orra w e ige t a vie w of t he Open ca m p t he me e t a king in ou the right a

i ’ '
y
'
.
,
fa int gli m pse of the far fam ed Santa Cat a l ina y an d on the left the shrubbe ry -
'
of Mrs u Kidd s rust ic hot e l

’
Sa nta Catal ina w a s t he sit e of v
.
‘ '
Scot cli col ony has the fines t plantations in Buenos Ay re s ; Mr

,
‘
.
_
Fa ir projected a bran ch lin e fro m the L o m as to his esta nc ia of Mont e '

‘
-
Grande v ia Sa nta Catalina but it has not m uch p rospect of b eing Ire a l iz e d
,
.
,
*
.
Next w e co m e o n the grounds of Don Roque Correa cover ed w ith pea ch

an d p aradise trees and then on the H unt property after w hich the re are , ,
so m e large g rain « cha cras belonging to Bell ; Boy d and others includin g , , ,
an indust rious na tive far m er .

1
“
E xcellent fi csh butter 1 8 sent into to w n fro m th e next s t ation w hic h 1 8 ,
c al l e d Bursa co There are so m e fine estanc ias w ithin ea sy rea ch of

'
.
.
Bursa co station t hose of Robson Y oung Bro w n and Bo yd :a ud ne ar th e

, , , ,
Conchitas r iver is Sa nt o Do m ingo the property of Mr D a vidson The line

’
"
.
, . .
of ra ilw a y is as straight as a n arro w

‘
1
.
’
l n a fe w m inutes w e reach Mr C le w s estan cia : t h e farm hodsl e is
'
. . r . .
surr ounded by a pea ch m ount ; an d c lose a t h an d is the Gle w station : (Up .

'
1
to this p oint the count ry w ears a lov ely aspect s m iling gardens thick e t s of
‘
r
' -
p ea ch tre e s an d fields full of gol dé n : p rom ise ; but hen ceforth t h e l a ndscap e
‘
n
’
g
. ro w s d u l l a h d u interest ing L eaving C le w s e st a ncia on th e right a n d . i
,
Oj e da s a nd Go w land s on t he left w e begin to enter on w hat m ay be calle d

'
’ ’
,
t he fens of Bue nos Ayr es a l ow l y ing count ry of lagoon s a nd « ba nado s »

'
‘
-
, .
We a re n ow Cl OS Q t O Sa n Vicente those t w o oinbut re e s be ing only a leagu e

t
,
'
fro m tha t village .
San Vic e nt e stat ion is re a ch e d in t w o : h ours 1from Bue no s Ayres and a

'
‘ ‘ ' ‘
.
,
dilige n c e plies to the neighboring t ow n A s the lin e : p ush es on t o ’

‘
. ,
a se l a a r w e p ass the w ido w Ca m p os s e sta ncia a sn ug farm ho u se an d

'
’
‘
’ ‘
'
-
, , ,
further 0 11 Mrs l F lora Lavalle s ; the land ab out here is v er y l ow : w e crbss

' '
Arro yo C s by s all i ron bri d ges ’ The estan cias o f

h
t e a m p os a n d D on se l a a r m .
. '
D on sel a ar a nd F re e rs a re on the left and n ot far off is t h e sp l e n did Ge rma n

' ' ' '
m odel far m of Ol de n dorff

“
this is Worthy of a visit being unri vall e d
3 i n th e Rive r Pl at e t he gra in far m s m e ado w la nds fen ces far m yard a nd
.
, ,
,
, ,
shed s arc a difiirabl e b f t he irkind an d th er e is a fin e b ree d of horse s from

’ ‘
sta bles President S a rm iento visi ted t h i s far m

"
.
' '
l at ely a nd c o m pli m ent ed Mr Ol de ndorff as « th e first Ger m an in t he Rive r

'
"
'
’
‘
.
Pl at e We next cr oss the e st a ncia Godoy a nd on the right is a larg e estate

'
” ’
' '
.
,
belo ngin g to Mr Georg e Bell Not far! off is t h e property of a thri fty
. .
* i'
Scot chin a n Mr iMa cF a rq uh ar a n d then follo w s that of Se nor Udaquiol a

'
, ,
.
On théf l e ft is Mr Te rrip e rl e y s estancia , and the n co m e thos e of W ilk ie a nd ’

'
.
l h; i
e ux cua srous 1111 11 .1 1 t
'
1
1 .
o f1 1 86 §fl he ools fro m } the sout h fetch e d th e highest price s , be l hg

'
w .
e a n e r and better th an fro m any oth er di stri c t s

’
c l i l - 1
Chas cqm us is a thr i v i ng ,p l a ce s1t ua t ed onj th e side of a

i , g,
e
‘
l a k e 5 The
?
ra i l w a yj t e rm m us IS a h and so m e b ui l ding a nd th er e IS a good h otel k e t by
Mr Devitt b esides Se nor Titon s inn Th e chur ch ip ubl ic scho ols pla z a
.
’
.
p ,
, , , ,
a nd a quint a built by Mr Cra w fo rd an the edge of t h e l ake

. a re w orthy of ,
m ention b esides the w e l l furnished shops of A uld Pe tt ygrew Sta nda rd

, ,
agents , nd in g Co There is a r e side nt Scotch : cle rg y m an Re w Mr i

a K .
‘ '
,
.
‘
F ergu ss on A resident Irish clergy ma n ha s al so b een recentl y ap p o i

. . nte d
"
h ere the Re v Mr Mul l a dy
, . A telegra ph W 1 re connects th e fl t ow n ‘
. . ,
1
w ith Buenos Ayres a nd Montevide o There a 1 e three trains to and from .

‘ 1
to w n da ily , m aking the j ourney, i n fi ve hou rs .
The p r oj ected prolo ngation t o Dolore s for w h ich the Govern m ent also 1 -
,
'
'
“
o ffers a guarantee of 7 per cen t w oul dopen up m any rich far mi ng distri cts : 3
.
,
The line p w ul d cro ss the est ancia of D on Juan N F er nande z; and pass by f .
s everal lagoo ns then tou ch at L acomb e s of Ch c z

; is h is aft e r trav e rs in g
’
t h e i 1
,
e st n cie m f
e p 0 1; Gregorio L eza m a it w ou l d cross the R i o S a l ad ,
0 a t B , ash ? 1 1
Vi ll ar 1 This is the ch ief e nginee gin g obsta cle on th e rout e ? The lin e
.
‘
w ou d next cr ss the estan cias of Al z aga , Al vare z otet C orddba Piu

l B '
e ro
o i
, , , ,
M adariaga , a nd Per edo b efore re achin g Dolore s; Thi s to w n is t he great

,
'
m arket of the south a n d a place of m uch im porta nc e : it is about 5 0 m il es

,
t r e m Chescom us an d diligenc es ply .b e t we en the to w ns; but the road s in l

'
'
w inter are i a t h e r unpleasant for t ray e l l i ngq

Th ere i s a nother project to prolong t h e line tow a rd s Azul but nothin g 1
‘
.
,
p ositive has yet bee n arrive d at , ,a 11 d it is probable that for som e y e ars the
’
' 1 1
i
,
l ine w ill go no further than . 0

.
1
1
u m , 3 3 6 0 1 1 4 1 1 0 11 5 . 1 19 1
-
1 i
'
3
0
C H AP . X .
T A R IF F S , T AX E S } RE G U L A T IO N S ‘
.
'
Pno vm cu L 3 1 1 11110 11) .

m p nn .
1 T he
. sta m ps t o be used in all P rov inci a l docum e ntsiin Bueno s
A yr es (the Custo m house a nd F e de ral co
-
ur ts be in g n ational , for w hich se e
ge 1 7 9 ,
Se ction A ); sh a l l bo o s fo l lo w s :
A m ount . .
M 1
$ 10 0 to .
$3 0 00
do .
,
do .
,
do .
,
2 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 1 do .
,
3 0 ,0 0 0
’
j30 ,
00 1
4 0 ,0 0 1 do , .
do .
,
do, .
do .
,
do .
,
9 0 ,0 0 1 .
do .
,
do .
,
1 50 , 0 0 1 do .
,
d
o, .
do .
,
do ; ,
a n d so on in proport ion .
1 20 1
‘
1 mm ss m nt u x ns .
L
Art 2 All bill s of e x change pro m issory notes &c w hether in Bueno s
. .
, ,
.
,
A y re s curren cy or other m on e y , shall have stam ps a s in the foregoin g

scale .
Art 3 All contracts for sale of house s or l ands , or goods and al l

. .
,
m onetar y transactions for s tat ed p eriods either w ith or w ith out a broker
, ,
shall be on stam ped paper b ut the first dra ft m a y be on plain paper

, .
Art 4 Polic e contracts such as for a pprentic es servants , or orphans

. .
, , ,
sh all hav e a $ 3 sta m p ; and the sa m e for each pa ge of a petition to a ny of

’
th e publi c authorities ; also each page of an arbitration , notar y s docu
m ents &c , .
Art 5 A c op y certi ficate of birth m arriage or deat h a licen se for th e

. .
, , ,
inner provinces , and each page of a v aluator s report shall h ave a $ 5 ’

,
sta m p .
Ar t 6 A cop y of spe cial po w er of attorne y p rotest of a bill or othe r

. .
, ,
registered do cu m ent in a notar y 5 o ffice sh all have a $ 1 0 sta m p the sa m e

’
for a « guia » for c attle,and «bol e t os» of mea sur

r
e m e nt fro m the Topograph i c
'
1
D ep art m ent also for each p ag e of a contra ct w ith a m ount n ot expressed

,
.
Art 7 Do cum ents for Sal e of furniture or re al estate and prom ises t o
. .
,
a , ei ther i t : or w ith out m ort age sha ll hav e t h e

li r per sta as
p y w t g p o m
p,
Art l .
r i ‘
Notary s c ert ifi c ate sshal l bé on $ 3 stam p
’ f) .
Art 8 Certi fi cates of registere d contra cts shall lik e w i se be on $ 3 stam p

. . .
Art 9 Copies of s uch doc uments a s sp ecifie din Arts 6 and 7 executed
. . .
'
b efore 1 86 2 , shal l h ave st am p a s in Art 1 on th e fi rst p age h a n d $ 3 on

0 '
.
follo w in g p ages l
Art 1 0 : E ach page of a l and m easure m ent , ge n eral p d We r of a ttuorn e y

‘ '
or draft of a w ill ,
$ 2 0 .
“m n
Art Despat c he s of pro m otion , li cense on co i g o f age or for
.
,
fo w ling the fi rst pag e of a w ill , all p e t itiodst o Gover nment or the l a w
'
courts for m easure m ent o f f rontier lands or be y on d the Sala do , or t o th e

c n
T0 p ogra p h1 c Depart m e nt for d elineat i on s in t he city , out side t e area of
:
C alles Corri entes
h
Defen sa, and; J ul i o shall
z
, ,
have a $ 1 0 0 stam p n t for r ene al of door s

w
a nd w ind ow s sh all
Art w ithin th e Sal a do an d th e frontier ,

’
.
l l
c Op ie s of pl a ns from the De a rt m e t p rofeg sio n a l dipl om as and s e als t o
‘ '
p ,
w ills 3 2 0 0 ! ,
Art 1 3 Petitions for pr ofe ssional m atri c ulation for del i nea tionof house
“
. .
,
propert y w ithin the area m en tioned in Art Il sh al l p ay $ 50 0 , but r ene w al

l
.
o f doo rs a n d w indo w s onl y $ 1 0 0 .
Art 1 4 Boletos for ncw ma rk s, 3 50 0 ; copy 0 1 transfer of m ark s, 81 0 0

.
‘
w 1 2 l .
"
A ith Th is
'
1 2 2 33 m a m as;
‘
.
r'
Ca te gory 5 . F irs t icl ass, thir d cl ass
3 3 , 0 0 0; se cond
‘
c
l ass 32 0 00
, , ; ,
This category includes shop s or store s by Wh olesal e an d

retail w ine mer chant s, fur nitu "
re m art s n e wS pdp e r offi c s
'
,
e , ,
signee s of produce and cattle fro m th e count r b rew e ries carriag e

builders a uct ioneer s, co al and t i mb er yard s i b
,
ll ia r d m anufacturer s
or retailers }
,
4 '3 L " ‘7 i " ,
Ca te gory 6 First class . second class third class ,
Th i s ca te gory ‘ comp rise s shi p bro k ers p roduce b arraca s

, ,
’
w ith presses ’c oac h y ards w aggon factorie s m ac hine d e ot s ; sl i ip

‘
,
p , ,
chandlers shipb uildin g ya rd s fonda s, taverns an d coffee hoiiSes

' '
‘ '
.
, , ,
Ca te gory 7 F i r st c lass 3 2 0 0 0 ; se cond clas s3 1 0 0 0 thir d cla ss 37 00 ;

.
, , , ,
‘
fourth class 3 50 0 This categor y co m prises phot ographers dentis ts

,
.
, ,
re t a il sh op s for dry go ods and grocer ies gu n s m iths uphols teries latup ,
s hops saddle r ,
ie s factori es of soap chocol ate tile s oil m a caroni ,
, , , , ,
‘
& c and t a u y ards ; also shops of hard w ar e m usi cal in st runie nt s,
.
, ,
pi ct ure sa n dm irr ors p rint ing offi ces publi c ga rdens , c onfe ction ary
l
, ,
shops rea d y m ade clothing shops m ilitar y o utfit ters a gencie s of al l

,
-
,
k inds m illiner y shops distilleries piano st ores foun dries cig a r

, , , , ,
sh op s w haleboat ofiice s b arr acas w ith out p re sses ; an d all lotter y

, ,
”
vendors h o are not in valids or abov e 6 0 y ears of a ge

w f tThis c at e o r co m prises l a w
.
Ca te gory 8 First class rs

'
e
.
g y , y
ph y sic ia n s, sur ge ons ,n ot a rie s p iibl ic, ac countants , ar chitects , and ‘
‘
tA
’
'
i l
m aster builders f ) f ‘
e .
r
Ca te gory 9 F irst cl ass 3 8 0 0 ; se c
. ond class 3 50 0 ; t hird cl ass 3 3 0 0
i
, , ,
.
This categor y in cludes land sur ve yor s h ab erd asher s,ap oth e caries , ,
0 w a t chm a k k ers Si l vers mit hs hatte rs ? S hoe makers t in smit h s cutt l eis
’
‘ ' ‘
, , ,
ak ers,blacks m n
'
p
fi c oo ers m b m iths ca ente s ’
d y e r s st o e cutters ‘ '
r
c o ,
“
r
p , , ,
c hai r m aker s h Ouse painters guit ar maker s hiix t e rs sail m akers , , , ,
riia tt ra ss m akers charc oal s ell e rs attorn ey s b rokers m id wives

' ‘
, , , ,
se w ing m achine w orkers l ace m ak ers ,coflin m akers baling pres ses ,
~
, ,
plu m b ers turners h air dressers b ak e rs liver y st ables peep show s

, , , , , ,
broo m and b asket m aker s b ooks ellers w indo w blind m akers , coach , ,
oflice s tink ers laun dries chiropo dists , Opt icians & c
”
1 .
, , , ,
C a te gory 1 0 Firs t clas s 3 4 50

. This ca te gor y c o m prises w e igl ie rs ,
m easurers pilots bleeders veterinar y sur geons , engra vers

, , , ‘
i t e a d be l l ha ngers
‘
p a n e rs a
p p r ,
n .
C a te gory 1 1 F irst . 3003 This c ategor y c

’
o mprises orga n .
grinders fiddl e rs fan m akers book b i n

,
der s hu r ters , piano tuners
,
-
,
-
,
-
,
c lothe s cleaners stu cco w orkers ,and all o thers not specified in any
,
-
of th e ab ove categories .
"
fiiri f z a
'
ri x : 5 123
Art 2 The t aiiff shall be one h alf 1 n the c ountr y dis tricts e x ce p
. .
’ '
-
,
t in or a l
l
s al aderos gra se rias an d stea m factories w it hin t wo le agues of
, ,
- the
"
,
boundary of the cit y .
Art 3 Th e assess m ent of the am ount of Pat ent according t o the

. .
’
cl assification of the v ari ous in dustries a s ab ove sh all b e done by a ,
c o mm ittee ap pointed in each to w n by th e Exe cutive .
Art 4 W hen one house co m prise s different branches the c o m m itte e

. .
shall assess that w hich pays t he h igh est Patente : if there b e separat e
doors for su ch bran ches o f busine ss hey sha ll assess the highest Patente
t ,
and half th at w h i ch a ns w ers to th e lo w er branch .
A rt 5 Fro m article 3 are excepte d the follo w in g all w hi ch p ay l st

. .
,
.
cl a ss in their respecti ve c ategories — Gas C om p any travellin g hu r t ers , ,
p e dl a rs .dent ists lotter y vendors attorney s brokers m id w iv es c hi ro

—
-
, , -
, , , ,
p o dist s E xcept .also land s urveyo rs a nd t he se shall a

p y th e 2 nd c lass in ,
their r e spe ctive category .
Art 6 The co mm itte e for a ssessing Patente s sha l l classify th e variou s

. .
shop keepers &c and deli ver to e ach a tick et expressin g how m uch they
-
,
.
h ave to pay .
Art 7 Parties w ho m ay not ha ve r e ce ived such t ick et c an apply t o th e

. .
c o mm ittee w ithin eight days a fter the classification I n case of dis agree .
m ent abo ut t he a m o unt payable the interest e d part y m ay ap p eal w ithi n

thirty da ys to a j ury c o mposed of fi ve m e mbe rs w hos e de cis io n shal l a dm it ,
of no appeal .
Art 8 .
There sh all b e t w o J a m es in th e cit y of Buen os Ayres an d o
.
ne ,
“
in e ac h to w nor partido of t he p rovinc e ; t he m e m bers be ing n a m e d by t he t
respective m unicip al iti e s and ele cting their o w n ch air m a n : 1
A rt 9 Th e Jurie s of ap peal must be ins talled before t he l st of Apr il

. .
'
J
and at onc e com municate w ith the cl a ssi fying co m mittee s
'
Art 1 0 Th e comm ittee s shall be fore the 3 0 t h M arch sub m i t to th e Jurie s

. .
their re sp e ct iye lists and the Jurl e s g1 ve no tice in the publi cpa p ers of th e
,
ti m e a nd place for h earing of appeals at w hich m oreover , t he co m m it te e s , ,
m ust als o a ssist to give any ne cessa ry infor m at ion;

,
Art 1 1 A
. fter the ter m of thirty da ys t h eJury shal l close i ts sittings and
send 1 11 t he returns a s a m ended to the Ofi cina de Patentes .
Art 1 2 All Pat e ntes m ust be t a k e n out in the c ount ry district s before
. .
A ugust 3 0 th and t he Execut ive shal l fix a suitable ter m in the city for
ea ch profession .
Art 1 3 Whoever vi ol at e th is l a w shall p a y a fine double th e a m oun t of

. .
.
Paten te , be side s be ing obliged to tak e out the prope r Patente .

1 m a m as ,
MD KTAWS
j Art . coun ry m t ,
1
u nicip it h
aJ y , s a fi e i
l l ce ve
£ 11 p r
0 e 1 c e~
nt 2 ! the . .
p m ce e ds c
‘
'
1
” a , s 1
Art 1 5 The E xecutive i s authorized to exp en d “
. . 5 13 9 5 cant of th e gross , 1 . .
51 51
on of t h e 1 2
p roceeds a nd 2 0 , per ce nt of t he fl ¥1 €3 $ PAt he cohgcti 1
. ,
.
'
f ,
o l
‘ I J
:
Art 1 Al l l anded or ho us ehold p ro p e rt yfi n to w b or cou nt r y sh all pa y

. .
‘
fo ur p er m il on it sassessed val u e
' '
‘
.
fi0 0 m fi3 $
Art : 2 Prop ri torsww h ose ftotal :e st at e is z n ot w e rth $ 2 g g
'
‘
e
e 1
1
that the y res ide onsa me , a re exe m pt ed fro m th is t ax
5 f 1
T AR IF F F OR ircnr fins .
L oa d iny o w
’
1 ' 1
.
u .
f ; l iz zas “
13 151 5 2
11 1 11 .
e fifiOSfl
Anchors (F l ”
1 3 A!
3 3 451 :
A cid sulph .
,
40 40 Do . ro c
kets .
Bate s e straw p srss w flh 3 11

. 1.
-DO t 9 13s 999} i 1
: 0
-
.
1 1
“
Do t w ine , .
,
2 1,
1
. as
N A w ic k f D Q: W gla § 53 w
s
'
11 . . . 11 4
A
s w
1
Bar r
1
be er ,
A 65 fD g
'
els 5 las are ft , 1% 1%

g
-
. . .
D 9 1 indigo b l u
'
r
Do raz suga e (21) 1 I}
'
B i 7 8
'
,
r , _
D o c andles
, ,
b"
’
'
!
1A
'
D9 . N A t ar
. .
, ,
7 .
S w ed ish tar gunpo w der ,

,
D 8 10 6
9 .
,
D o preserves ,
'
Do .
8 10
“
f "
Do sugar alpiste , .
1
, 6 \ Do d ul ce .
9 , 10
Do? Seltzer 8 D o oysters 2
“
.
, ,
D o pi m ento n, . 2
'
2 1} D O pape r 2 0 rea m s 8
.
, ,
10
'
no ; resi n
'
'
,
’
8 10 1
D o N A cha irs. 7=
. .
1 4 1
8
Do : so ap QA i
1 3
'
1
1 ,
"
Do . t bco , gre a se , q q . 3A 4 1} Do w i nes cognac ,
.
,
D o sirink , bl a cking, 3 1 l fi . 1
"
Do raisins , fide os,
’
. 1 3 11 - 1 1
126 m ai
n s “
11 551111 11 5 .
1
" D ischa rging .
"
g,
‘
F rom
.
C u§ t9m
.
v 1 ,
Ani m als , e ach

Bones ton, ,
Ba l e s g vool ,
hair [Prov1 uce s] ,
Bal es w ool , [ Buen os Ayres

,
]
Canilla s m il ,
~
Ca ra cue s
C higuas v sool a n d h a ir ,
Chi guas Santiag o , ,
Deerskins ,
Horns,m il ,
Hi des s alted ox , ,
H ides salt e d m are s

, ,
H ides dry m a t a de ro
, ,
Hi des dry Spain a nd N A

, ,
. .
H i des diy m are an d c alf

,
Jerk ed beef q q ,
.
Ma chos m 1l ,
.
,
Pipes grease and tallo w

P1 p e 5
,
1 ron
"
al r
. l ovv
I
,
Pip o tal l o w
ne s,
Stra w bu nd l e s
, ,
“
Sheepski ns dox ,
.
,
4 4 4
W O0 1 1n ba gs, 15 1 3,
Boxe s t a l l o sv, Qq q . 6 7 7
'
Boxe s
Mares grease 3 qq ’
8 10 10 ,
.
Boxes m ares grease 4 q q 12

’
14 14 ,
.
Delays —After t w o days at the rate of $ 2 50 a da y for 3 0 b al es [ B A . .
In unloading the ionis c al culated at 2 2 1 1 lb s in l oading or in b allast th e .

,
t Ou h as only 2 0 0 0 1153 In disch a 1 ging m atch es paper packing , , ,
glass w a re ci gars and br ushes the pri ce is by the cub ic foot En glish and
'
, ,
i ncludes cart h ire to t he Custo m h ouse : in other articles th e ow ner ha s t o .
’
pay the c a rts The Engl isl it on m easure m ent has 40 cub ic feet , the Fr ench
.
5 2 E nglish cubic feet and 1 0 0 feet English are equa l to 1 1 7 Ha m burg ditto
,
.
Be e m bark atio n — l lacie nda $ 4 5 , co m estibles $ 3 0 p e r car t

-
C ar go abov e .
‘ (
the Barrac a bridge i s ch arged 2 0 per cent extra , ei t her l oadi ng or
'
‘
.
di sch argin g .
,
m nm crp u . r u n s . 12 7
c .
Np u co m p l a int
f
all o v
ye d bey o nd four da y s afte r de l ive ry p f goo ds : all
co m pla ints should b e m ade to th e lighter m an but th e undersigne d do n ot ,
an s w er for da m age ca u s ed b y fort uitous eve nts .

1
Casares Sons Rodriguez Sons Guer rero H oevel & L angenhe im

, , , ,
Se norans gi t uz ie r ; Be rnal
'
Cc Neve s R ubio 6: Co ; Nu nez N oc et i .
, ,
.
,
Tornquist Be t tol a ch e Co Caranz a Ca m a rt in o dz Co ; Carri & co G arcia

,
.
, ,
. .
, ,
B er g m ann & D ick l e1 n a n McL e a n Gara y & C o F ew er Co M a rti Pl a .
& C u Asch e ri G u im a ra e ns Solari , L aforgue Cu re l l Bros Del fi

, ,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
no Doder o , ,
.
, , ,
Agnese Coelho Dally Mart in B Gure l l dz Co F Ca sares

, , , ,
. . .
1 111 11 1 61 11 1 1. G AS AND sum -

mo T AX . J
Merca ntile hou ses , barracas ti m be r yards w h ol e sal e store s inil l s
1
’
~
.
, , , ,
"
printin g oflice s, hote ls i ns uran ce ofiice s cl ubs 1 a n d th e atres j p a y 3 3 0 a , , , .
m onth for s e renos $ 40 for gas a n d w h e re t he re is no g as 8 1 5 for oil

'
‘ .
.
, ,
2 Ba k ers h atters baths soap boilers coach m a k e rs bre w e rs druggi sts

.
, , , , , , ,
j e w ellers ship Ch andl e rs l ive ry st abl es a n d lithogr a phers pay a s above

'
, , , ,
$ 12 . 1 11 1
1. 1 1
coffee houses uphol ster ers a poth ec ari es w a t ch m a k e r s

'
Bla ck sm ith s
‘
3
'
.
, , , ,
cha ndlers a nd cart o w ners p a y — , $ l 5 8 2 5 $ 01 , , ,

.
4 D ra pers gro cer s w orkshops p u l p e rias butche rs and e ating h ouse s

’
-
.
, , , , , ,
p ay— 8 1 0 $ 2 0 85 , ,
5 Private ho use s pay $ $

5 3
'
. : ,
6 R oo m s o n the s treet pav

.
$ 8 2 52 ,
.
7 H ous es With t w o doors shall p a y hal f for t he se c ond and th e sa m e

'
.
,
for unbarred vs1 nd0 vs_s E m pty houses p ay not hin g but , on ce tak en a pa r t “ '
, ,
o f a m onth co unts for a w hole one .
r a n o cn u L 11 1 1 51 8 1 0 11 0 1? T HE C I T Y
'
1 Ca te dra l a ! N orte — Fro m Calle Rivadavia t oParagu ay and fro m Pase o

"
. .
,
J olio to Calle Ma yp u .
2 Ca te d ra l a t Sud
. Fro m Ca ll e R ivadavia to Chile an d fro m th e river t o
.
-
Calle L as Piedras
'
3 Sa n Te l m o — Fro m C al l e Chile to the Riachuelo and fro m th e Pase o

'
. .
,
C olon to Ca ll e Pie dras a nd Barraca s .
4 Concep cion — Fro m Calle Mexic o to Ca s eros and fro m Ca l le La s

.
,
“
Piedras to Sa n J ose .
5 Monse rra t —Fro m Calle Potosi to Caser o

'
s and fro m L as Piedras an d

‘ '
. .
,
S an J ose to Sarandi .
6 Sa i d figua L —Er om Calle Mayp a to C alle Talc ah uano and fr om Cuyo

' .
'
’
.
,
to Potosi .
S a n fi N z col a : — Fro u1 C all e Ma y p u to Uruguay , and fro m C uy o to

’
7
'
‘
Charcas .
1
1
.
i12 8
"1
«
4 1 1 1111 1
9 1 111) 1 111 1113 5
“
.
d a fr
" i
C al l e Pa ragu ay t o t he Pob re D ia bI , r d om Hue c o
'
' ‘
F ro m
'
8 -
1
de Cab e citas to C alle Uru guay .
1
9 Pil a r .
— Fro m Pobre Diabl o to t he Arr oyo Maldon ado and fro m th e
.
‘ '
Cinco Esq uina s to the muni ci p a l boun dar y

‘
“
.
— F ro m C alle Ur ug uay and Sa nt i agode l Estero to Ay a c ucho

'
Pied a d
‘
a nd Sarandi a nd fro m Calle Cha rca s to Potosi

,
.
1 1 B e l/va ne ra — Fro m Ca lle Charc as t o the Pnent e Alsin a and from

‘
-
. .
,
Calles Sarandi a nd Ay acucho to the municipal boundary at Pira ri s quidt a ’

.
NO T E —l l: is p rop ose dlt o fdr m ane w p arish in North Barraca s e m bracihg

'
'
'
also the Boca and to div ide the Balvan era parish , for m ing another n e w on e
,
a t t h e s outh w est quarter of the s u b urbs bet w een the Puent e Al sin a Ca l Ie
' '
-
.
, ,
Sol is a n d Calle M exi co

,
1
_
The Ar chbishop has given his co nsent for th e .
chan ge a s soo n as th e intended parishes be p rovide d w it h ch urche s

’
R UL E S OF 1 HE
'
F AC UL T Y OF ME D I CINE .
Th
F a culty is co m pose d of t en professors eight sub stitut es , a nd a
e ,
s e cretary The Scho ol of Medi cin é IS Op p OS it e San T el m o church

.
'
'
Th e m edical studie s re qu ire six ye ars : B es ide s these the can didate for a
‘
- '
,
s t ude h t ship m iist z show c e r tific ates of 1h a vin gfp a sse d satisfa ctoril y exa min a
‘
,
t ions in Latin philosophy m ath e m at i cs che m istry and phy siics

‘ ‘
.
, , , ,
The phar m aceutical studies are L at in , philosophy m athe matics physics ,

”
, ,
che m istry botany a nd ph ar m acolo gy “: The m e dical student after p a ssm g

"
:
, , ,
"
satisfacto rily six y ea rl y e xa m i a n d t w o t ge n e ra l exa m inat ions
'
na tion s
’
.
, ,
.
r ec eives t he Medicin e 1 1 Th e pha rm ac e uti cal st ud ent .

.
receives that of Licentiate in Phar m acy .
All thos e w h o w ish to p ractise m edicine orup ha rm a cy in Buenos Ayr e s ,

-
m ust ; pre sent thei r diplo m as of Do ct or or L ice nt ia te in M e dicin e 0 1

'
’ '
1
“
, . .
Phar m acy of a F a cul ty or University 1 e cogn ise d by that of this c ou ntry .
The m edical st udent m ust also undergo t w o exa m inations one b efore the
professors of anato m y and physiology general pathology m ateri a m edi ca , , ,
pa t hol ogical anato m y &c w hi ch l ast s t w o h ours ; t h e

,
.
,
.
other exa m ina tion consists of t w o practical c ases o f m e dicin e a nd t Wo

'
o perat ions Th e exa m ina ti ons a re in the Sp anish language an d are publi c
. .
,
The candidate s pay as fees $ 10 0 5 If the ca n dida te doe s not p ass ia .

‘
'
s at isfactory exam ination hal f t he a m o un t is ret ur ne d to h i m and h e ca nnot ..
present h i m self a gain u ntil si x m onths h ave passed .
Th e foreign candidates for t h e phar m ace ut ical diplo m a w ithout w hich r
they cannot open a phar m aceutical establish m ent m ust pass tw o exa m ina
,
tions ; one pr a cti cal for w hich he w ill h ave to m ak e six che m ica l and
,
phar m aceutical preparations ; the other th e oretical .

80 1 11 11. 11 0 11 1 11 o r r un r u n .
It is only on the left bank they are to be m et w ith w hich is rocky w hil e , ,
on th e opposite side not a stone is to be found The principal are Lobos .

,
S E of Maldonado ; Gor riti in the sa m e bay ; Flores east of Monte video ;

. .
, ,
San Gabriel Lop ez and Farallon opposite Colonia ; Hornos north of these ;
, , , ,
Martin Garcia near the delta of the Paran a : besides these there are severa l
,
ro cky clusters m ore or less distant fro m the coast .
Ba nks .
The prin cipal ones are th e English (th e m ost danger ous ) the Arch i m e des , ,
Medusa Chi co Nuevo Big and Little O rtiz L a s Pal m as 8 0

, , , As fa r a s , ,
3
.
Maldonado there are no banks , but fro m tha t to Montevi deo the E nglis h
Bank m ust b e rounded ; an d i f the south passage is taken Archi m edes and
Medusa also : if Bue p os Ayres is the desti nation all m ust be passed To .
services of a pilot dispensed w ith w hen g o

" ing up to Bueno s Ayre s
F or m erly before th e c reat 1on of t h e} p ort s of Montev id e o and, M
,
1 aldonado
.
m a 1 i ners preferred the so uthern shore passing the English Bank and thos e , ,
bound for Buenos Ay re sl stopp e d at the p ort : of Barragan Such w a s t h e .
dread in spi red by the da nge ro us banks supposed t o be at the m outh of t he

La P lata that se a m en dubbe d( it « the sail ors hell » and the 1 nsura nce on its
’
, ,
n avigation w as e q ua l t g t hat pai d fro m E uro p e to 1 138 m onth it bein g .
Ie w w er e th e m er c ha nt vesse ls to be se e n
co nsider e d a m ira cl e to esca e
;
‘
i
p
. .
.
an d a w a1j vess el neve r except i n ti m e of w a r The vessel s

'
on its bo so m { ,
.
m ost frequent i ng it w er e Sp an i sh but nev er ab o v e 50 0 tons No v essel ,

.
s a il ed on it by nig t w hi ch w a s al w ay s pass d an cho r n d the Cou rs

h ,
e at a e ,
s teered w a s by i
,
t he e ast e rn sid
, e p f t he 0 1 t iz Bank ; but according as t he 1
,
r i ver be ca m e better kno w n a n po nts sprung u p the fe ar inspire d by t he

d , ,
b anks decreased a nd t he na v i gation of the river m ade gr eat progress a ided

, ,
by the exact a nd de tail ed charts intro duce d a n d the pilot servi ce that w a s ,
organised I f w e a re tp believe the w rite rs a ndsa il oi s of t I

. ie last centu ry ;
it should help t o dissi p ate o a r te rrp r to kn o w th at h ur ricanes w ere th en less ,
freq uent than for m e rly w e r e they so violent a s in the fi rst years o
,
f t he
r iver s discovery : F ro m t he ti m e that p 0 1 ts w ere ma de at Montevideo a nd
’
,
Mal do nad o a nd t he north ern shore p f the i ivcr bette r kno w n navigation
,
.
,
by the south ern side w a s co m pl e t el y aba ndo n ed w heth er throu gh the w in k

'
o f good point s of ob servation or the fe w orts or harbo rs t o be found alo n g

p ,
it , or that but l ittle w a s kno w n of it or the e xa c t si tuati on o f Cape San ,

TB E J l O UTH; or 1 111 1 n u s. 13 3
'
Ant onio until t he n e ce ssity oi a voiding the E n glish c r uisers off Santadl gria
,
-
-
'
and Mal doua do o bliged the Sp a nish j vesse l s t o ti

. nd j a ne w p as sa ge t o the
sout h of the ba nk sa il ing z hy pa ral le l s 3 5 deg 5 1n to j 3 6 de g until arrtve d at

, , ,
.
,_ ,
.
t he m eridian of Mont e vide o and t he n m a king [ or thi s por t or Ba rr agan , or

.
, ,
,
Bue nos Ay re s l a s i t he case m ight be T h is c ourse on ce safely o p e ne d i t

, . .
, , ,
h as so contin ue d unt il w it h t he e stablishing of so m an y lighthous e s the

, ,
~
,
,
river is n ow entered by the northern si de .
An h c ora ge .
Wherever the lead sho w s that t he bo tto m is ooz y an anchor m ay be le t ,
go taking care h o w e ver to give a w ide be rth to the banks lest the ship
, , , ,
m ight drag on to the m With w inds fro m th e south the sout hern side is .
preferab l e fro m othe rpoints t he n orthern is bes t L arg e ve Sse Ls cau iget
,
.
as far a s Mo n t e vide o w hil e vessel s dr a w ing fifteen o r nine t ee n fe e t of w ate r

‘
'
,
c an fear l e ssl y a sce n d as fa r a s Bue nos Ayres or the Ho rnos l s l a nd ’ As '

'
.
-
'
she lter fro m the a n d 8 Efi w inds h e best parts a re H ornos

t 1 .
Mon t e vide o a nd Maldonado although t he l att er i s not perfectl y sh elter e d

’
'
, ,
f ro m the S E which re ach es the a nch ora ge throngh t he pa ss o f G o rrit i

'
’
o d ‘
.
.
, .
The Ba y of Barragan a n d the roads of Buenos Ayres are shelte re d fro m , ,
S W w inds S m all vesse l s can a nchor o ff Cape Santa Maria at the e ntr a nce
. . .
,
of the Santa Lucia a nd off Colonia on th e northern shore ; in the T uy ti and

, ,
Sala dillo ri vers the Ba y of Barra ga n a n d the Riach ue lo near Buenos Ayres
, , ,
,
on the so uthern Ships can anchor at Maldonado in six or eight fatho m s ;

.
in the roads of Monte video four to six fatho m s ; in the harbor t w o to three , ,
fatho m s ; in the road s at Ba rrai

'
ga n thr e e fatho ms ; t he roa ds of Buenos ,
Ayres three to six fa t ho m s ; near the c it y t w o to thre e fat hom s Agains t

, , .
S W w inds the anch orage on the n orthe rn shores is best a ga inst th e se

'
. .
,
'
fro m t he S E the other s O f all t he se a nchora ge g rou nds that of Mal donado
. .
.
i s the best a s the bo tt om is oo zy cover e d Wi th san d In t he others the

‘
.
, , .
botto m is m ud in w hich th e anchor cannot ho ld during stron w ind s

,
g
.
The lighthouses of th e L a Pla ta in this pa rt have considera bl y irnp rove d

o f lat e years At pres ent th ere a re fiv e sta t iona ry a nd fiv e flo a ting lights ;
.
. -
t h e fi rs t n a m e d are pla ce d on the Island of Flo res the C erro of Mo ntevi deo
~ -
, ,
Colonia and the C usto m h ouse of Buenos A yres The floa ting lights point
,
-
.
'
Y2
33 ? : ronr op muancs n m s
m i f
‘
' f ' '
ont fol lo w ing dang ers : the Engl ish Bank Panel a Qum k sa ds Ne w
' ’
t he
‘
‘
p
‘
,
,
B ank ,L i t tle B ank , a n d th e ro ‘
a ds of Buenos :Ay res i We
'
w ill give in their .
. -
ro rp a ce detai l e d part iculars of th es e lights leavin g it as granted th a t

'
p p e l ,
‘
their combi nation greatl y facilitate s th e e ntry a nd navigati on of the rive r

durin gth e night The first l ightikno w n i n the Rio de l a Plata w as t ha t of
.
the poo p lantern of the Spa nish frigate Lo reto lost off Sa n Jose m 1 7 9 2 ,
a nd placed on the Island of Flores 1 This light w a s after w ards r e m ove d in .

1
,
1 7 98 to the Cerro of Montevideo exper ien cing a th ousand vicissitude s,

, ,
until one ligh t w a s established on the island a nd another on the C e rro , .
Be a cons a nd Buoys .
l a "
Th e re are m any along th e ri ver but com pl ete confidence ca nnot be pl ac ed , ,
in the ir stabil ity a s the force of the c urr e nt ofte n tears the m a w ay or,
‘
, ,
w hat is e v en w orse displaces the m for then instead of a ctin g a s a w a rnin g

'
, , ,
against danger they l e a d t o it The principal bea cons are thos e on Sa n

,
.
J osé ; Point at Montevideo and at the Mart i n Ga rc ia channel

, ,
.
The :Bell .
Buoy on the English Bank disappeared dur in g a te m p e st , and h as n ever bee n

repl aced,
T HE P O R T OF BU E N O S AY RE S .
The port is no better tha n any other o n the river , the anchorage n ot be ing
good in con sequence of the softness of the botto m w hi ch a llo w s of th e
, ,
an chors dr a ggi n g w he n the w ind blo w s fro m the N E th is w i nd t i a ve rsm . .

,
‘
the l oads 1 1 1 a n oblique direction and raising generally a hea vy se a The , .
anchoring gro und 1 8 divided in t o the O uter and Inner Road s for med on one ,
side by the Ci ty Bank and on t he oth e r by the Ca m aron es Ba nk w hi ch is a

,
,
ra m ification of the great Pal m as or Playa Honda Bank The Port of .
Bue nos A y res being b ut a v ery indifferent one by natu re and ,
hitherto n eglec ted by the a uthorities it is insufficient for the t rade ,
of this vast e m poriu m No captain considers his sh ip safe w hilst anchored in

.
these o ilings (it bein g i m possi ble to call the « port » a nything else ) as eve ry ,
‘
gale of w in d from S W round to N E i m perils his: vessel

. . Many . .
.
sch e m es have been proposed for constru cting a har bor a nd fdock s ; but 61 8 ‘
t n ng has been don e

ot hi
y e .
1
13 4 m s ro nr or nurs e s a r m s .
shoal rirp idl y n eve rtheless re at ca re m ust he lt ak e n i n soun dm g and

‘
not
‘
, g ,
“
t bp
’
fe é t dra w ing frfte e n or si xteen fe e t a j

’
a ss s e ve rite e n w ith ésse l

'
‘
net av i a 1
.
i
“
l
'
:
The botto m o n th is b an k is hard and the w a te r sh oal s m ore rapidly tha n

'
on L a s Pal mas ; and g re ater p re chut idn s m ust be taken to a void gr ounding
'
The bar on ce pass ed t he de p t h 1 ncre a se s gradually and the botto m bec om es

'
’
'
,
softe r : When a depth of e ighteen feet IS re ache d in order to lie a s n ear

.
, ,
r
l a nd as po ssible t he anchor should be l e t z go , w h en the be a ring s a re a s

‘
' ‘
, .
follow s 1
ist om h o use ,
‘
r.
.
Ci ‘
Bocol ét a Ch urCh ,
'
Be side n cia
Ship , Gu a rd
'
'
Di st a nt m iles .
“
The best ground is i n ia depth of t w enty thre e feet a t IOW tide ” It 1 5 a
' ‘
’
-
.
k ind of ch annel outside of w hich t he Wat e r i s sh all ow er This a nchorage 1 8

, . .
sit ua t e d e xa ct l y in the c e n t re of a fi ne three m il e s long fro m N W to S E ;

r c s 1
.
~
. .
z
this is w here all the ve sse l siin t he Out e riBoa ds anchor, from t he Guard Ship
'
o ut w ards The Guardr Ship is )a ncht1 re d t o th e N 7 2 " from z t he .«

‘
-
‘
"
. .
Custom ho use distant 3 7 -

,
”
alluded to is 3 5 m ile s ’ ’
fro m the m ole .
'
Poz
’
Anch ora ge
’
The o .
Vessels h aving o nl y four teen feet dra ught w ill here find fi fte e n
j
gS W hd th e
l
w ater , o ozy botto m , t he Bocol e t a Chur ch e

’
. a
b a rin
di To rea ch th ihanch ora ge it s better
‘
re sou th
p
l
l . although ilot ,
it is not di ffic u lt if l hé follo w ing d1 re ct1 on s h e obse rye d

Sailing to w ar ds it outer Boa ds t h e co urse to be steered 1 5 north ,,
6 0 w e st fe r a l itt le ba n t w o miles a n
, d t hen edging a w ay S W by , . .
S as m arked on the cha rt, unt ilT the s p o talr eady r efe rred to b e l eache d
0
.
.
1 1
Im ae r Roads .
T hey are also calle dL as Va l iz a s and extend o ver a sb e i t distan ce a m ile ,
and a h a l f long by three cabl es leng ths w i de running p a 1 a l l e l to the c oast

- ’
,
fro m S S E to N N W a nd for med by t he City Ba nk and the river side ;

. . . . .
ne ar t he lat ter 1 s a r eef of rocks To get in vess el s m ust not dra w m ore .
than thirteen fee t of w ater and a pi l ot is ne cessary The holding is ba d , .

‘ ,
as the b otto m is rocky covered Iw ith o oz e an d a hcl1 ors dra g easily ; t he ,

'
i
,
’
»
w a ve m ise ver w he n the w inds c ome f ro m the S E rom

' '
s y hi gh ,
a nd a stor m f . .
o
T HE r a r or nur s e s n uns . 13 5
point generally drives so m e ves sel son s hore Goo d ca bles are
'
t his .
a bso lutely n e ces a ry for an chor a ge l l] th ese roa ds i n a s t or m fro m the S E ,

s
. .
a s no hel p can b e expected from the sh or e sh ould the y prove faulty In

‘ '
su ch a ca se th e ri ve r i s gre atly s w ollen and the ve ssels d ri ve o n to th e ,
banks nea r the city to the i mm inent risk of the li ve s p f their c re w s So m e

'
.
,
riv er trading vessels ofte n set Sai l and run for L as Conch a s to the W o f .
S a n Isidro point w hich 1 5 sheltere d fro m t he S E w i , nd It m ust h ere be . . .
'
re p e at ed t ha t no v es sel o f tonna ge sho uld atte m pt to reach e ither the P0 1 0

‘
3orr fnue r l toa ds w itho u t a p ilot a s i n order to re a ch the m t he ch annels near

'
'
'
' '
t h e C ity a hd Ca ma rone s Bank s ha ve to be gone through w hich ca n onl y be

'
'
’
,
d m a rks combined and laid daw n of the exist e n ce of w hic h

'
ddne thro ugh lan

‘ '
a fere i n r w n for t he
'
is g e al ly i gno rant B sides t h e m rk laid do '
g e r e n e a s .
,
g u idanc e of p ilots 1 n t he be g inn iug of th is c e n t ury a re o f n o use t o t h ose of
t he pre s e nt da y in con sequence of the chan g e of posit i

, o n of m any of t he
bank s and channels , a c hange suffic ien tly apparent if th e ch art s of the
Buenos Ayres ro ds dra w n o ut by the Spaniard s inth e l ast century , be
a _
,
c o m pared with those of Mo ns Ba rra l 1 n 1 8 3 1 and Mr Sidn e y in 1 8 56 To .

,
.
the w est of the Po

h
l o a nchorage a nd a littl e ne ar e r to the ci ty th ere IS a
,
'
,
c ha nne l t hrough w hi c h ve sse lsdra w ing le ss than te n feet eigh t inches of

l
(
w ater ca n pas
s It is a s he lving of t
. h e Ci t y B an k ca l ed San t a C h
a ta l i a ,
Ca na l w ith les s w ater than t he Poz o an d i s m uc h fre q u en t e d by stea m bo ats

, , ,
sa ving th em about t wo mile s distance ; but the g re at est ex p er i e n ce is

r equire d to pass safely th r ough it .
Anch or
a ge .
A s both roads are exposed to the S E w ind a n d the h igh sea w hich it . .
,
r ais e s w h en blo wi ng strong t w o a ncho rs m ust be l e t go N E S W w ith

, . .
,
.
,
p le nty o f c hain sa y seventy to eighty fatho m s each

'
, I t w ould al w ays be .
well t o select a spot free from s hips to the S E sé th at if the w ind 9110 11111
'
. .
co m e fro m this qua rter t here m ay be no sh i ps a h

,
e ad to run foul of you an ,
cc i d
a ent very co mm on in this ph rt a i1 d ge ne ra ll y having fa taL re suits With , .
t he w i n d fro m other q uarter s the roads a re safe a nd e ven durin g th e ,
p am peros th e m ost de st ructiv e w inds in th e Ri ve r Pla te the w ate r is

,
‘
.
,
s m ooth The bad w eat her often preven t s com m nhie a t ion bet w e en ships and
.
the shore T he ships bein g anchored so fa r off co m m unicati on w ith the

.
,
‘
s hore is labori ous a nd so m e ti m e s dilh cnl t day s ofte n p a ssing b e fo re ,
pass en gers can la nd For this rea son ail ve sse ts shoul d na ncho r a s ne a r
'
~
.
,
~
slj ore a s po ssibl e .

1 36
2 TH E r oa r or BU E N O S 11 11 11 11 5 .
v
1 m Pre ca utions .
W he nenterin g the O u te r Be ads great care m ust be ta k e n to avoid the

m an y sunk e n ve ssels Tw o h ulls have already disappe ared e m bedded i n
“
J
.
, ,
t h e m ud a nd t he others m ay be c onsidered as so m any hi dden rock s often

, ,
w itho ut buoys The p osition of a ll cf the m is perfectly k no w n to pilots

.
.
Care s houl d be t ak en i n shallo w w ater n ot to run ou the a n c hors of other

'
'
;
ve s sels a nd w hen at an chor to rid e w it h a l ong chain in order not to run

’ '
, ,
o n your o w n anchors Ac cident s of this nature m ight prove fa t a l iu ca se of

.
a fall in the ri v er Many captains prefer riding w ith a single long ca ble
.
,
h oldin gthe m selves r eady to let go a noth er an chor if required

'
As so m any, .
v essels are co n st antly a nchored in be th re a ds a good po sition shoul d be ,
selected clear of other ships 1 ia order to a void fouling a n a ccident t hat

‘
.
, ,
occa sm ns m a ny losses The Pa m pero w reck 1 11 the i nner ro ads i s still vi sible
Pi
e rs .
su ch ex is ted p a
Befor e ssengers and g oods w ere l a n de di n carts that w ent ,
out t o m eet t h e b oats at a dista nce e f t w o or th i e e cables leng ths fro m t h e

’
,
shore but since 1 8 5 5 there a re t w o han dso m e piers b uilt of w ood and ir o
,
n ,
of fro m 4 0 0 to 6 0 0 m etre sin len gth That in fro nt o f L a Merced is for .
p assengers , a nd that opposite th e C usto mhouse i s for goods They are

‘
-
.
,
ent length for w h en th e ri ver is l ow l uggers o r

'
a
n evertheless not of suflici , , ,

,
even boats have not sufiicie nt w ater a nd the old syste m of c arts h as to be
, ,
r esorted to The de pth at this part o f t he bank i s little in consequence o f

.
,
t he gradual accu m ulation of sli m e Th e m erchandise b rough t by larg e .
ships and also all that is exported is ca rried in luggers destined for th i s
, ,
p urpo se .
P osition of Bue nos Ay res
The geogra phical position of th is c ity w a s de te rm m e d b y severa l

Spanish co mm issions at the end of the last century They establ ished a n .
.
observato ry in the Cabildo a nd put under c ont 1 ibut ion several celestial
,
. pheno m ena w hi ch aided by chrono m etrical co m p arisons w ith th e m erid ia n

,
of Montevideo gave as a result 3 4 3 6 3 8 S lat and 5 2 1 1 3 8 W l ong

° ” ° ” ’
. .
,
’
.
w hich sho w s but a sligh t difference w hen co m pared w ith Mr Ba rra l s .

’
obse rvations thus proving the correctnes s and delicacy w ith w hich th e
,
Spanish geographers and a st ron om e rs of the last century w orked Th e .
difference they found bet w een the m eridian s of Montevideo and Bueno s .
A yres w as 2 ° 1 0 (See ’
Second Me m oir o f th e Hy drogra p h ica l Dire ction ,
p ublished in Madrid edition of 1 8 0 9 p age

,
The variation of the needle ,
is calculated at 1 0 ° N E for 1 8 6 8 the annual decrease in the variation is

; . .
e sti m ated at fi ve m inutes .

138 1 1
1 11 1; r oa r or BUE N O S 11 1111 13 5 .
These m en hav e by l a w th e status of m arin e poli ce a gents i n m atter s

relating to their p i ofe ss1 on Th e y are obl iged w hen entering a s hip to
i nfor m the c aptain as to the n avi ga ti on l aw s the poli ce r e g ul ations of, the
'
,
1
ri vers a hd roa ds; the sys t e m of li ghts du ring the night ; signals during 1 11 11 1 31
“Al l pilots are pro vided w ith the rive r police r ule s in w hi ch
’
r
‘
~
, ,
are se t forth t and l r ule s fo r n a vigation laid do w n w het he r for

,
n i gh t or da y sailing or stea m ves sels in Order to a void collision s or other

'
, ,
'
c i
a c dents Th es e r ul e s are pr inted in fi ve la ngua ges Spa nish French
” .
‘
, , , ,
En glish G er m a n a nd D ut ch for the co nvenience of navigator s and a cop y

, , , ,
can be had 11 e e a t the Port Capta in s by any c apt ain or m a st é r of a ; ve ssel g ’ ’
1 n or der that he m ay not b e a ble t o ple a d ignorance It is not laid do w n by .
the rules w ha t re m un e ration the pilots should rec eive for thei r services
‘
,
w hic h 1 s arranged by
p ilots t he m selv e s ev er y y ear
n
i
a 1f a m ee t i g held
1
"
,
,
forthe purpos e a nd t ariff oi ice ag r e ed up on it is sh ow n t o 1 1111 1 111 1

1 1
Ca ptain for his san ction The tariff at present is m ore mo derat e thah it .
‘ ’ ‘
has b een for s o m e y ears as a re also the p ort d ues In 1 8 3 3 a foreign ship of
,
.
to n s and fi fte e h feet Idra ugh t of w ater b o und for Bueno s

‘ ' ‘
Pilot a ge a nd entr a nc e due s fro m th e Punt o de l Indie , $ 120

’
Port '
Por t d ues 1 1
I nspection and sta m p e d a per , p

,
’
N otary s c ha rge s 1
Pilot age o ut w ards de a vin g the rive r ,
Port pilota e
g
I ,
1
. .
Port du e s 1
r , h ealth a nd no
.
Sta m ped pap e

,
tary ,
$ 1 7 18
T hese
i
i
e norn o is e x p e n se s
‘
fright e forei gn shi s A pil ot fro m
'
p " ’
.
Monte » 1 deo to the Pu nt odel

’ ' ‘
In di
‘
d '
bht h as since be e n i mm e nsel y
’ J
’
reduced .
THE a rkc —
im m o .
T h 1 s riv ulet fo r m s a cah aiw here t he rain w ater fro m the su rrounding
' ‘
1
. .
fl ats runs i nto a n d to w hich t he w ate rs of t he River Plate pen etrate du ring
,
o rdin a ry t ide s Its pri ncipal m outh fo r it h a s t w o i s about a m ile S E of

.
,
. .
Bueno s Ayres If by dre dging a nd other hydraulic w ork s t h e Riachuelo

.
,
w as a l it tl e i m pro ved upon , it w ould , no do ubt , be t he real p or t of the

'
m um D E 5 1 11 1 5111 11 0 . 13 9
capita l Not w ith standing its sha l l o w e ntrance and the obstruction s of the
.
banks it i s the general refu ge of s mall craft ; an d on ce inside there is

,
co mp l ete she l ter for al l hece ss a ry opera tion s Ins1 de t he R iach u e l o th ere
' '
is fro m fourt ee n to seven teen feet at l o W w ate r b1it on th e bar there is

' ’
-
,
Often no t m or e than thre e and a hal f fee t hen c e ve sse l s dra w ingm ore t ha n
-
,
‘
ten a n d a h alf fe et have to w ait for a r ise nri ver to enter i In this nat ural
' ' '
'
“
po rt there is a s pa ciou sw ha rf on i ts le ft ba nk w here the n ume ro us co astin g
'
'
vesse ls dis char g e and ta k e in their car goes Oh its r ight b ank s are the
'
‘
-
.
saladeros fro m w hen ce are sh ipped the s t apl e p roduht s of th e co untry

, ,
s uch a s w ool h ide s tallo w &c O f course there are also nu m erous shop s
, , ,
.
,
and ta verns provi ding for the w ants of the nu m erous m ari t i m e populati on .
Here a l so s m all ves se l s are haul d up for repai rs of a l ikin d“ The gre atest
e
inconvenien ce of t h e R iachuel o1 11 the putrid sta te of its w aters in su mm er ,
o w ing o t he refuse fro m the sa lad er os the stench b eing overpo w e ring in
t ,
w ar m w e ather Y ear sago t he re have be e n proj ec ts for th e can ali z at ion o f

.
,
t he l l iach uel o so as to ad m it sh ips of all siz es and the cut ting out of do cks
, ,
1 n 1 ts adja cent f l ats ; and in F ebrua ry 1 8 6 9 Preside n t Sar m 1 ento directed , ,
the Go ver nm ent eng ineer to dra w up plans for cl ea n sing th e m outh of the -
Ri a chuelo
ne m a s THE . ci .
This i s a point further inland on the Ria chuelo t w o mil es fro m it s m outh ,
from w hen c e the re are t w o road s to the city a nd in con nection w ith on e o f ,
w h ic h a bridge h river Its inha bi ta nts are dependent o n the

t
1
spans e
1
.
_
neighborin g sal aderos and pr oduce w arehou se s It i s now connec te d w i th . .

,
the c ity by the Boc a and Sout ern rail w a y s

h .
‘
E N S E NAD A
vo s D E L OS 0 L 1
On p a ssin g the R e tire Poin t w hich is the no rth e rn lim it of the port o f
'
Buenos Ayres , and w here t he p re se nt ga s wo rk s are situ ated the coast '
re cede s to the w e st and for m s t he bay ca l l e d as a bo ve ha v ing its n o rt her n

,
'
‘ '
lim it at Poi nt O li vos or S an Is id ro d istan t nine m il es fro m th e Ret iro be ar

‘
.
, ,
ing N 4 0 deg W
. . .
o u r S i a 1 5 1 11 11 0 P
'
This is a barra nca » of so me sixty eight fee t high Along this co a s t about
« -
.
,
tw o m iles to t h e ave st of Buenos Ayres m ay be see n the cel eb rate d p al a ce ,
o f Rosas ca lie d Paler mo w he i e the D icta t or used to reside in the su mm er

, .
,
m onths S om e t w o and a h alf m il es f urther on m a y als o be seen the

.
fa sh io nable ris ing to w n of Belgrano The co as t is very shallo w a nd the .

,
canal narro w .
1 46
1 h
AN K
. 1
.
PAL EBMO B .
i 1
n
”
1 1 1
Is a sa n dbank m th e Ensena da de l o s O livos a nd ea r w hich the 1 ivul e t

,
, ,
Cobos discha rges its w aters into the Pla te ; The to w ns of S a n Isidro an d;
.
San F e rna ndo a re close to The fi rst of thes e is abreast of Poin t Ol ive s or
.
'
San Isid io tw o miles inlan d and nu m bers a good m any inhab itants san
, , . u
Fernando l s distant t w o m iles to the N W fro m the for m er and is equally . .
? ,
w ell p op ulated W hen th e n e w w h a 1 ve s are co m pleted the p u t of Sa n

.
F ernando w ill be of m uch i m portance .

I 6
R I VER O N CH A C S .
I tsm outh about four m iles distant fro m Poin t San is i

18 dro bearing N W; ,
.
one q ua rte r W This rive i ha s suflicie nt w ater in it during the rising of

'
th e t 1 de s III t he Plate to ad m it c oasting ves sel s of all c lasses humbe rs of

,
w hich a ban don their a nchor a ge in th e roads of Bueno s A res during S E

y . .
gal es to take re fuge here Yet it requires practical experie n ce of the p l ac e

.
to run in safely a s the cha uhe l s w i nd thro ugh the gre a t bank of Pl a y a Honda
, ,,
and the soundings a re ver y irre gular ne ar the coast There is a goo d
"
a nchora ge w ith eight een feet of w ate r in fr ont of the coast of San Is idro
, , ,
b ut it requires p l otage to rea ch it .
L AS C O NC HAS .
Is a s m all tow n ; sim ila r t o the previous ones men ti oned situated on th e ,
righ t ba n k of the rive r of sa m e na m e about three m iles inland Its inhabi ”
,
.
t a nts c ul tivate their lands an d rear c a ttle Th e Tigre m a y be call e d its .
"
p ort ; a plac e of rising im p ortance and already described .
TA
'
D EL or T n E p ABANA .
Past the river Conchas the co ast stretches to the north w ar d and its as p ect is ,
ent irely changed L ow islands cov ere d w ith w ood , a nd hem m ed in b y th e

.
,
great fl at of Pal m as or Playa Hon da w hich stretc h e s out t w enty m iles to th e ,
S E h aving one end in the bay of O li ve s and t he outer roa ds of Buenos

. .
,
:
Ayre s and the oth e r at t he entran ce to the Urug uay even a s fa r a s Mart in
‘
, ,
Garcia All this a ccu m ulation of islands a n d ba nk s constit ut e th e D elta o f

.
,
t h e Paran a .
PAR AN A DE L AS m u m s .
Bet w een
the m any islands m ention ed above are the channels by w hi ch
the w aters of the P aran a enter th e Plate These channels a re ar m s of the .
ri ver and their entrances bear separate na m es ,the m ost pro m inent on es of
,
w hich a re th e Capitan Mini , a nd the Pal m as th e latter being o f good

, ,
extent .
B U EN O S
q v
,
1 42 m s r oa r or n uns .
though the pa m pero is storiny and 16 he dre a de d it is n ot so terrible or r

'
'
But ,
dan gerous as th If a
e ht e r the ri ve r ,
p o ss ib l e ; but 1
3 11
al way s bri
to m ak e hi
fa r she 1 s in da nger of Thus it is a
'
on the c oa st of
'
S E gale is m ore to be feared tha n a pa m pero and e xperience sho w s that

. .
'
the w recks nearly al w ays are ca used by w inds f ro m th e se co n d quarter .
C o m ing fr om E urope t h es e w in ds n
'
1 1 ith until l a t a re n ot ge e 1 a l l y met

'
.
3 0 deg or 3 ?de g S i s r eached

.
‘
If th e wind fres h en s during the da y fro m
. . .
’
N or N W L a ndl ce nt inne s so a fte r m idl day th e r e iis ce 1 ta m ch a uge of '

f -
. .
, , ,
'
w eather ; the change w ill be a p a m pero if t h e w ind w e e rs to the fo urt h
quarter and a m ist rises w ith li ghtning in th e S or S S W

, ,
It i s ti m e . .
then to tak e in sails an d p re p are for the isq ua l l The ap p roach of thes e
, ,
.
s tor m s is also in di c ated by a n y 1 e bs e nt a n gling in the sh rouds of a ship by

1
,
t h e prev a le nce of ins e 1 Ls b ro ug h t b y fi ie hot yvi ntl s b y the r ise o r fal l o f n , ,

‘
. »
h
t q ry i e r a nd th e is n ff o ca t i11
g he a viness of t he p ie v io us n ortherly W il IdS 1 .
The ba ronie te r show s it by a gi eat fall

r
, ;g .
1 .
f a Pa m p e ro The Com m e n ce m e nt o .
The sudd e n co m ing on 0 ! a p a m pero in su m m er is din ing clea r w eathe r ,
a nd a f re sh breez e w h e n a v ivid l ightnin g a p p ea rs in the S W If it i s .
da y ti m e a n d the s qua l l m a y be seen co m ing 0 1; i f th e w in d su dde nly shifts

, ,
t o th e N W or W a n dthen ce to S W no ti m e, sho uld l e l ost in m ak ing

.
r
. .
,
i
e ve rything rea dy L A p am pe ro ma y als o co m e after a c al m z ( a y and hot
.
h
w eathe r a n d a t ti m es follo w s after s ti e n g N E w inds w hen the sky is
,
. .
,
o vercloude d .
D z éia tion‘
o f a Pa m p e ro
l
If afte r a “pa m p ero has set in th e w m d 1 s st ip ug fro m the seco nd qua rt e r
, ,
a nd it con ti fiue s to rain it indi ca tes a le n gth e ned dui a t io n

, .
w ill not settle w ith o ut m a ny s qual ls fro m the SW w h i ch w i ,

. .
,
t
a t m os h ere If a ft e 1 th e ri sin g or s
e t tin of the sun in t he fr
p .
_ , ,
w ind it de n otes a su bsidenc or ch ange and thoug h it m

a
, e '
ay blo w stro n
g ,
after w ards it w il l n ot las t lon g W hen a pa m pero is about to cea se t h e .
wind ve ers to the W a nd th e at m os p here clears up the l and bree ze w ill

,
.
,
take its p l ace if it be morn ing , ii eve n in g then th e NE or S E se a bree z e . . . .

7 t
52
a
1
p
e ns u e s
v
(
.
c
3 “ 1
43
’ id
'
'
oo l “ 11 w m t e rt hey so m e
b
s c t
' f
fl 1
short d rat on
i
d
er pdp rsn e p f
s
1
e
u t o u 1 but 1
1 1 ,3 1 mm
1 ,
ar m e ,
S
y pass round to the S E and then ren de r
D J n
on
l a st l g ; occ asionally ,
e . .
b
. '
'
coa ts ob c e Dur ing t h e night s i

t doe s hdt bl w so s tr ongly The s e
th
e s s
ur .
.
ros l c ea nse t he at m ospher e as t he N W w ih ds 1 n th e m eridi an o f

,
. .
Sp a in and gener al l y there is a cl ear sky w hile t hey last

,
.
S qua l ls
'
(1 Thirbdrta d a » or .
Such i s pa m pero c a l
m er
le d an d at ti m e s it burst s w ith terrifi c ,
J J
h o I h
l a
f i
p y
1
iol e nc h ap il b ut of s rt dura t ion a s p is u nder sail

y e
. .
, ,
w eh n indica t ions t
a s uch a s q d a l l i s s en
e ,
it m a
y b e r a dent not only to M 1 e
_
t he s mal lest p o ssible c a n1 as on b ut al s o to dip the u p per y a rds w itho ut a ,

_
,
n om e n s dt l
’
In 8 2 8 Captain Fit z r oy «w e
ca m e ve r1 n ear t o
1
e a y «
,
1) sa .
yl
s ,
be dis m asted and ca p siz ed ddring a pa m pero al th ough the s ails w ere all
2
l o w e 1 ed br clo se re efe d : it is th ere fore w ise to ta ke imm ediate pr ec aution s

dica tions a ppe ar 1 It m a y be that . as w e the n
m a y n ot aga in be fe l t for thirty y ea a pe r es out
m
n ot dang erous and so e a re only orm s of shor t

m ,
w hp se adven t h ed n ot b e fea re d m a y pass w i thou t

e
.
ible p e r os o ccurri n g F 8 3 3 there w e re n on e .
e but in the l at ier three of ver grea t

,
y
N e arly al w ays w he n a pa mpero is ab ou t to cease th e w ind ,
5 or veers to the south w ar d So m eti m e s thes e stor m s exten dout to

e yen beyond the la titude f San ta C a ta lina If they co m e 1 1 ith clear
'
se a ,
w eather t ey l a st l onge rthan w h en the sky 1 8 ov e rca st But in the Pl a te

h ,
.
,
a nd outside its entrance th e w inds are very variable ,

.
The Sum m e r Se a son .
During the fine seaso n w hi c his fr om Sept e mber to Ma r ,

ch N E w i n ds ,
. .
a re
p r e val e nt ; t he at m osphere l s ha z y and the sky Covered w ith clo uds o f ,
u dde fi na b l e for m ations As the r iver is app roa . che d t he w in ds w ill be ,
fo un d to go r oun d t o the E a ndat ti m es b lo w i ng fr esh froin the S E w ith

.
, . .
,
rain ap d dark w e ather Inside th e e stuary ii geod w ea th e r the w ind

1
.
, ,
g e n e r a l l yb w il l be fou n d to pa s s round the c o m p ass in t

wt y
e n t ifour h our
gallant sail bre ez e bl e w s from th e S E in th e ev ening rep l ace dby a s1 m il a r . .

,
one fro m t he N E at nig ht , fol l o we d n ext day by a light w in d fro m t he

. .
w es t ward or a calui gradua ll y goin g l O l l Il d to the S

'
.
,
'
1) or Se a B ree z e .
Th na m e for the breeze w hi c

th e h h as j ust been m e ri W hen
‘
is IS t ion e d .
i t is not pre va l ent o r ba ttl e d by winds fro m N a n d N W a « t urb ona da » . . .

1 44 T HE r o a r 9; o s 11 1111 12 5 .
gy
s s
1 ‘
f ro mthe S W m or or s tr on m ust be exp e cted befor e the se a bre e z e s

” e .
’ g '
,
a re settle d I it is ha z y fro m sunrise unti l eight or n in e o cloc k in t he

’
f
'
. _
m o rn ing the « vira z on » is pretty sure tb fol lo w W

'
he n the w e a t he r i s
l
.
,
t he W
settled ind in the
,
b reez e until ten or e l even o cloc k in the m o rn in g Then c o m m enc es a

’
m
orning is ge neral ly N or N N W m oder a te . . . .
,
fresh breeze fro m outs ide fro m E S E to E N E gra dually lesse ning a ft e r
,
. . . . .
,
s unset unti l n ea r m idnight w hen it genera l ly beco m es a c a l m From

, , .
_
m i dnight until da w n it goes round again to N and N E a nd ag a in tra ver se s . . .

,
t he sa m e course du r in g the day Thus in general land bre ezes a re .

, , .
p revalent a t nigh ts a nd séa breez es during the da y u ,

ntil the equilibrium ,
o f the a tm os here IS ups e t h

'
The Spanis ilot D on Cla u dio V ila thn
p p
d es cribes the e ather of the R iv er Plate —
s
W
.
, ,
« Goo d Weathe r genera lly 1a .
fi fteen or t w enty days Int he m ornings northerl y w i . n ds blo w st rong a nd

w ar m increasing w ith
,
Soon afte
the S ,ho hange s e x te nd
'
o v er t w o a t m os h e ro u
p
c har ged ,
t h e a vail a bl e
w ind sp r evailing . sk y 1 8 cl ear as
a bel l all o ver the third quarter w he na pa m p ero be g ins t o blo w , but w h i ch
,
o nly lasts for th e day the w ind passin g rap i dly to the se con d q uart er w ith
,
s erene w eather » So m eti m e s d uring ordina ry w eather instea d of a

. ,
,
~
c louded sky the re 5 rain and fresh W i nds ; but it i s not ea sy to foretell fro m
1 ,
w hence the clouds or w i n d W ill co m e If fro m the N bad w ea ther is . .

,
l ikel y to fol l oW; and if th e W ind does not go round to the south e ve n ,
w hen it looks clear the go od W eather w i ll not then be of m u ch l o

, n ge r
d uration The m ore overcast b eco m e s the sky and the m ore it ra ins a nd
.
,
_blo sw fro m the N the stronger it m ust blo w fro m th e S

.
,
to cle a r the .
heavens D uring the w ar m m onth s of s u

. m m er Wh en it doe s not rain m uc h ,
t o re fres hth e e arth and at m osphere the northerly w ind i s suffo ca ting for , .
m a n and ani m al and the inhabitants at tribu te baneful infl uences t o it

, .
Wh il e it lasts the hal o m ete r IS l ow and cont ihue s to fall a s i t fre s hen s, ,
w hich m ay be forthree days the a t mosphere is ch arged w ith electricity ,
and it ends nearly al w ays w ith a gale w h en the W ind veers to S W and , . .
the equili briu m IS re ne w ed 1 Near the full and n e w m oon there IS generally
.
,
a bre ez e fro m the S E w ith so m e ra m ; a ot l r ti m es the

i
ind c ontinue s
t . .
,
w
e
fro m the N but not so st 1 o ng as tha t fro m t e S E and w ith a h ighe r
.
,
. .
t e m p e 1 a t ure The pilots of t he Plate say that S E W inds w il l p re va il if the

.
.
,
.
d e clination of the moo n is south w ard a nd N W inds'i f the dip of the m oo n ,

.
.
b e n0 1 thw ard , in the l atter case , N W in ds w il l ne ar l y a l W ay s go r ound to .

.
1 46 n rz roa r or 11 11 11 11 6 5 1 1111 11 3 .
for one or t w o days w it h t h ick w ea the r, it is dan gerous then to na v1 ga te

.
t h e ri v er w ithout experience , espe cially as th e is l ands and co asts a t t h e

l
entran ce cannot be m a de out w hilst the curren t is setting l n strong Afte r , .
venting it s strength f ro m th e second quar ter the w ind passes to the first
, ,
w ith out c easing to rain it re m ains there for a day or t w o settling in th e ,
N on th e fourth
. At th e ti m e w he n it enters thi s quarter there w ill appea r
.
a bla ck h orizon from the S E to then a clea r space a p p e ars . .

,
a nd a strong pa m p ero w ill l ie gin to blo w on the insta nt c l eari n g the sk y ,
be f0 1 e it Th is w i nd con t in ue s fro m S W to W S W foi fi ve or six d a ys

. , . . . . .
,
cle ar w eather a n d li ght clouds and a t the s am e ti m e the c urrent f ro m the ,
r iver begins to set o ut strongly The pa m pero w ill b e follo w ed by w ind s .
fro m th e second qua 1 ter w h ich bring o n rain a gai n ; befw e lo n g it shifts
,
to the fi1 st qua rter and then to the fou 1 th to be follo w e d a gain by a furio us
. ,
pa m pero b ut w hich w il l not last lo n g a n d brin gs set tled W

,
eather » , .
Although S w in ds are m ore frequent a nd of l on ge x d u

. r ation i n w inte r
than 1 n su1n m e r ,a ndthou gh N w inds generally pre vai l 1 11 s u m m er y e t a t
, .
, ,
ti m es they oc cur f io m th e opposite di1 e ctio ns During w inter S w i nd s

,
.
, .
are persiste n t s tor ms w hilst in su m m e r they are shorte r though ofte n

, ,
stro n g and violen t .
Winte r Se a son in Bue nos Ay re s

'
i
n »
.
In these roads w inter is preferab l e to su m m er beca use the co m m on W ind s ,
are S W to N W w hic h lea ves a s m ooth river a nd e a sv co m m unication

. . .
M Th oy on m ad e the follo w ing observation s on this season

. The pa m pero s
a re m os t f reque n t fro m June t o O ctober other w ise there are fresh a nd ,
v a ri able breezes w ith m an y day s of cal m r a in intervening be t w een thes e

, ,
ch anges A stron gbreeze fro m the E1 is a l m ost su re to be follo w ed by a

.
stronger one fro m t he W a n d r ice e crsa w h ilst the w e a ther w ill not settle
'
.
, ,
u ntil the w ind re m ains in e ithe rN or S a ccor di ng to w here it co m m en ced . .

, .
Thus a breez e that springs fro m the W passes to S E fre sh e ning u p

'
“
. . .
, ,
w h e n it reaches E 0 1 N E w il l leap to the N W w i th a squall

. . . returnin g
,
.
,
a gain to W b ut t he w ea th er w ill not be good until th e breeze springs up

.
a gain fro m N » It m a y h e re m arked a s tr a ditional a m o n g th e inhabitants

.
l
of th e Plate that a bout San ta R osa s holiday w hi ch is a t the l a tte r e nd of
,
’
,
'
A ugus t there is al w ays a stor m : the hu rri cane of t hat period in 1 86 0 w as

,
terrific an d t w enty vessels w ere l ost in th e roa ds of Bu enos Ayr es and

,
Montevideo .
1 1 1 1‘ s . 1 47
D uring autu mn and w inter m ore es pecially a t t he m outh of the river and
,
on the O rtiz Ban k n S are of fre quent o c currenc e

. Don Migue l L obo of .
,
the S p anish navy th us s p e aks of the m : If at n e w m oon during autu m n

,
«
, ,
the w eather is h az y w ith l ight S E w inds it is likely to last so for th e

,
. .
,
w h ole m onth thickening a s the m oo n w anes but disappe a ring for a short
, ,
ti m e at nine or ten o clock in the m orning So m e ti m es a t sun rise t he fog

’
. .
se e m s gathered in the first and second quarter but it spreads ra pidly o ver ,
the ho rizon envelopin g everythin g in m o re den sit y than usual and is later
, ,
in clearing up At th ese ti m es fine w eather is enjo y ed ; and if during the

.
, ,
fog it is a little hu m id w hen that clears up n o better w eather c ould he

, , ,
w ished ; about m id da y a light sea breeze sets 1 1] going round to the N late r .
on . This m ost a greeable w eather in th e w ind y cli m ate o f the P l ate is

interrupted occasionally by a strong S E gale w h ich lasts a fe w hours . .
,
only and is sho w n by a slight fall in the baro m eter w h ich it should he
, , ,
re m arked stands high w hen the fo g s are m ost dense and frequent A fte r
,
.
this w eather ge nerally follo w s S W w inds co m m enci n g in the W th e . .

,
barom eter beginning its fall t w enty fo ur or t hirtv hours b e fore the change -
.
o ccurs » Inside the rive r fogs a re not so general a s in Buenos A vres they
.
,
a p p ea r seldo m but fo r a fe w hou rs .
Ra m s .
Thes e are very irregular in th e Plate but are m ore so in a utu m n and ,
sp ring than during th e rest o f t he year but w hen it d oes rain m ore w ater ,
falls than i n m any par ts of E u rope It is re m arked also to be m o re p lentiful .
during da y than n ight w h ich is the re ve rse o f the other he m isph ere
, The .
de w s are also very hea vy in the se regions e qual indeed to a light ra in in ,
so m e parts of the w orld It is not les s surprising the da m pne ss w hic h

.
pre va ils at ti m es in th e Plate being such in Buenos Ayres that it a ffects ,
m etals and furniture a n d roo m s fronting to the south ha ve da m p fl oors and

,
w a lls According to Seno r Az ar a it is a sign of rain w h en a ba n k of clouds

.
,
rise on th e w estern horizon a bout sun set Heaviness in the hea d w hen .
northerly W ind pre vails a lso indicate s rain and lightning appearing in the
,
S W
.
In the c ity of Buenos Ayres it is a sure sign o f ra in i f the north coast
.
o f the river is visible .

’
,
l 58
2 TH E PO RT . OF .
B UE N O S AYRE S .
Refra ction .
There a 1 e t im es m ostly durin g w esterly w in ds w h e n the rive r p re se nts

, ,
s
s o m e st ra n e e x a m p l e s of refraction It is th e gen e ral belief in : Buenos

n v . .
A y re s w h enthe coast of t he Ba nda O1 i e nt a l is see n fro m tha t city tha t a

’
change o f w ea ther 1 3 at hand This re fra ctio n i s not a l w ays the sa m e a s at

.
,
ti m es it p er m its one to se e the tops of the hills of San J ua n w hi ch are ,
so m e thirty sin m iles off t o the N N E w hil st at other ti m es t h e isfl a nds of

- '
.
t h e Para na a n d the coast bet w een Colonia and Martin Ga re ia are visible
'
- .
Du rin g such w eather i t is dillicul t to m ake any n autical observations a nd ,
i m p ossi ble to r egul a te any ch ron om e t e r in the roads of Buenos Ay re s W hat

‘
- -
, .
has be e n s t a te d concerning the w inds both outside a nd ins ide the Pl ate , ,
m ust be consi dered a s us ual or general but t h e y m ay happen t o it he

c ont ra ry as they are so variable tha t no absolute rule can be set do wn as to
'
e it he r their point or dura t ion a nd the expe rience of suc cessi ve

ye a rs iiia y
,
'
be entirely reve rsed so m e seasons
The B arom e te r .
Al thou gh in th e [ iver Plate the rise a nd fall of the baro meter are not
l
ve r
y great n evert h ele ss its indic a tions a re al m ost al w ay s
,
correct if
( u nsu i ted c a re fully In settled w e a t hcr its highest point is 7 6 0 m il im e t ros
.
,
a n d its gene ral range is w ithin 1 ? m to th is l n ordina iy w eather b ut m u ch .

,
m o re w h e n se ve 1 e changes o ccur In the m onth s of J uly and August the .
baro m e ter is h ighe st a n d in that of June it is lo w e st Its hi ghest is during

,
.
w i nds f ro m S E th N E w hen it reache s even 7 7 8 m

. . . . If the w ind r ounds
,
.
to the N the m e i cul y w ill fall and w ill conti n ue so until N W blo w s
.
, ,
. . .
a nd S W w ind s produce the lo w est ba ro m e ter : thus it is that before

-
. .
,
' '
a st i ong p a m p e ro the baro m eter w ill fall to 7 4 6 or 7 4 4 a nd even to 7 4 1 , ,
but ord inaril y is belo w t he gradation of the ll iver Plate The risi ng
_ .
o f the glass w he n the w ind is s W

'
indica tes that it i s a bout to cease or . .
c h a n e to S A high ba o m eter c ve re a st s k y but re d a t sunset t h1 e a t e n

g r .
, , ,
in g as p e ct w ith dista n t lightning a rising r i v

,
er a nd a stron g curre nt ,
s etti ng i n m o re espe cially abo ve the O rtiz Bank are a l l si gns of a com ing
, ,
S E g al e } F ro m w hatever poin t a stor m co m es or if the w e a ther is

. .
,
m ur ky t he ba ro m e te r fa l l s ; but no s ooner has 1 t bl o w n o ver an d th e w e a t he r

a
cl e are d tha n it rises a gain I t i t h a s se t 1 n for bad w e a t hc1 t iie bar om eter
'
. . .
, ,
re m ains l ow until t he w ind b e S W ; w h en a clea ring

,
. .
it is t he sa m e afte r s o m e hours of gre a t he a t in Buen os ayres th e . .

1 50 T HE r o nr or 3 0 12 11 6 5 AYRE S
'
.
H ey w ood says of t he t ide sz —« The tides of t he Rive r Plate are

_ C aptain
fa r fro m being regular the r un of the cu rrent being so un cert a in in velocity
, ,
duration a n d direct ion ,

It is therefore i m possible to ba se a ny c alcula
.
, ,
tions up on the m so th at the lead has to be u sed for ascerta ining both the
,
soundings and th e r unning W hen it is cal m w eathe r the currents .
generally are not strong a nd set in or out pretty regular The curr e n ts , .
al w a ys vary w ith th e w in d ; thus they run east w ard along the northern ,
coa st of th e ri ver w h en th e w ind is N E but se t in w est w ard strongly . .

, , ,
along th e so u thern s h o re d uring a S W o r pa m pero the w ater ri sin g ,

. .
,
a m azingl y both t hese currents prod uce the contrary effect on the opposite
shores The river i s lo w est duri n g N N E or N N W w inds and at such
. . . . . . .
,
ti m es the curre n t running out is onthe so uth shore but generally does not ,
,
ex ceed th ree kno ts an hour ; on the northern it is never v ery stron g » .
Oy a rvide du ring a long cruise and m a ny a n ch orings about C ape Sa n

,
Ant o nio a nd Sa nborom bon Ba y up to Cape St Mar y gives it a s his op in ion ,

.
,
that the tides a t the m o u th of the R iver Plate are generally regul ar being ,
only disturbed by hea vy stor m s and hi gh floods so t hat the irregularity , ,
cause d by the w ind concerns m ore the in s i de

,
H e states that in the .
anchorage of St C l e m ent the tide rises si x feet r unning N W for fl 0 o d and

.
,
.
,
S E for e bb
. . At the Rode o a nchorage it ri ses six feet fi ve in ches and runs
.
,
N for flood and S for the e bb O ff th e tosca sh ores of Point Piedras it i s

. . .
h igh w ater f ul l a n d chang e at l l h 1 5m rising six and a half feet and . .

,
-
,
running N N E and S S W In th e port of Palo m a (Cape St Mary ) th e

. . . . . .
,
tides r is e re gularly fi ve a nd a half feet At Maldonado th e highest rise -

.
,
during o rdinary w eather is six to seven feet running S E for th e fl ood and ,
. .
N W for ebbing
. . It sh ould b e re m e m bere d n evert heless that in all these
.
, ,
ports if n orth w inds contin ue long the ris e is not so great a n d o n the other , ,
h a nd if strong south w inds set in there w ill be t w o feet m ore w ater eve n
, ,
exceeding th a t at ti m e s o u tside w inds al w a y s causing h igher tides

,
.
Tide s in Bue nos Ay re s .
M Thoy on , o f the Fren ch navy re m ark s that the tides at Buenos Ayre s
.
,
a re m o re r egula r than m ight be supposed a n d p retty a ccuratel y ascertaine d ,
if th e observa tion o f the w eather be attended to He states that the flood .
sets in generally for fi ve hours t w enty one m inutes and the ebb seven hours -
,
fi ve m in utes : hi gh w ater full a n d change at 7 h 4 7 n1 or dinary rise te n . .

,
LOW T IDE S . 151
feet eight inches C o m par ing observ a tions » says the sa m e a uthor « and
. «
, ,
t aking into accou nt the prevailing w inds w hich undoubtedly have a n , ,

‘
influen ce the irregularity of the tide s is n ot s o considerable as g enerally

,
s upposed It w ill be seen th ough th e differen ce be not m uch that w it h

.
, ,
o utside w inds such as N E to S E

,
the fl ood w ill co m m ence earlier tha n
. . .
,
t h e calculated hour succeeded by a pro p ortionate longer ebb : and as

,
ordinarily the flood i s of shorter duration than the ebb it i s easy to deduc e ,
'
that the floo d w i ll set in earlie r a nd be of lo n ger duration during N E or .
S E w ind but it does not m u ch affect the succ e ssion of tides The floo d
. .
,
.
m ake s in undisturbed durin g N W to S W w inds and th e ebb is not . . .

,
a ffected if it does no t bl o w stro n g fro m the S W As h as been stated the . .

,
tides are pretty regular w ith ordin a ry w inds fro m all quarters but m ore so ,
w hen the w ind is E or N even w hen these blo w fresh The w ind has
. . .
,
m ore influence at h ig h w ate r in che cking the ebb than duri n g the flood ;
, ,
therefore w hen it bl o w s fro m N E r ound to S W the w ater is da m m ed in

. . . .
,
l onger w hil t the Paran a and Uruguay c ontinue to dis charge so th a t the
,
s
,
conse quence is a m uch higher w ate r and a later ebb The reverse of this .
o cc urs w ith w in ds fro m N to W The difference in the rise of w ater at

’
. .
t w o consecutive ti des i s ra re l y m ore than three and a half fee t ; but on -
so m e occasions w hen th e w ind has been the sa m e for several days the
, ,
d ifferen ce has b een kno w n to be ten or eleven feet and w ith N and W ,
. .
s trong w inds the diffe rence has even been t w enty feet —the w a ter falling
fro m thirty feet t w o inches to t e n feet four in ches But these are very .
ra re occasions and it re qui res a co m b in ation o f circ u m stanc es to produce

,
the m A s a rul e the rise and fal l is n o t m ore tha n n in eteen fee t eight
.
,
i nches and not less tha n six fee t eight inches givi ng ten feet eight i nch es
, ,
a s the a verage » .
L ow Tide s .
V ery l ow tides are occasioned by st rong w i nds fro m N W t o S W In . . .
1 7 9 2 such a w ind la sted th ree conse cutive days and the consequence w a s ,
to leave the great R iver Pla te nearly dry i n m os t parts D ur ing the I nde .
p e n de n ce W a r a n extra or dinary e vent ha

p p ened in this res pect : th e rive r
w a s so l o w tha t the Spanish squad ron anch ored in the outer roads bl o ck a d
’
ing Buenos Ayres w ere left aground a nd the bank bet w ee n the t w o roads ,
a ppeared dry out of the w a te r the Argentines seein g this passe d o ver
s o m e a rtillery to a tta ck th e squad ron a nd opened fi re on a brigantine ,
w hich w a s al m os t o n her bea m e nds ; but that m o m ent th e w a ter began to

1 52
“
TH E P O R T
""" 1 L l
c
s
or 11 11 11 111 0 5 n un .
r
and t he yl h a d t o l e t ire . sc ifas t in de eddid th e flo od flow nt ha t by the i
,
artillery got back to cro ss the

th e roa ds o n
l y th e ho rses heads ,
’
app e a red a bo ve ,w a te r Se nor Az alra s — . The R iv er Pla te m a y be

conside red a gulf of t he sea , th ough it preser ves the f1 eshn e ss of its w ate r
t w enty five, or th irty league s belo w Bue‘n os Ayres The s tro n g t i
-
des of th e .
south e m coa st do n ot pre vail he i e and the w ate r does n ot r is e or fall ,
a ccor din g to the floo ds 1 11 t h e1 i1 er but i s m ostly affe ct ed by t he w in ds ,
t h us E or S E w i n
. d will ca use an addi tional r ise of seven fee t
. . .
Ge nc r
'
al Movem e nt of Wa te rs
“
'
.
Id
In regard to this M D u perier 1 em a rk s — « T w o causes affec

. t t he m o ve
m n tmf th e w ater sof the R iver Pl at e ; on e is th e pro p o r o
e ti nate strength
and d urati on of local w inds the oth er it is n ot c er tai n but pres u m ed is ,
a t trib utable to the p 1 e va l l l ngw inds w hether alon g the north sh or e or fro m
, ,
t h e south at the m o uth o f the 1 i ver E aster l y w ind s and the adjacen t .
,
p oints w ill al w ays cause the w ater to r is e along the w h ole river ; n ortherl y
,
w inds p roduce l o w w a t e i in the l eft ch anne l and hi gh w a ter i n the righ t ,
ch an nel W i nds fro m W to S W w i ll cause th e w ater to fa l l 1 n the w hole

. . .
ri 1 e r a s fa r a s the Ortiz Bank ex cept in a part n e a r C oloni a w here th e

, , ,
w ater rises in the lef t channel It is t 1 ue tha t the extent o f this rise or fa .ll
w il l de p e n d m uch on t he for ce of the w ind but the pressure o f such a
'
m i ghty bo dy o f w ater is sufficien t to m ove the current fro m one chann el t o

the oth e 1 Il e sp e ct ing the rise an d fall w hi ch a re w it hout a ny a pparent
.
local c ause it m a y b e said the y are co m m on to th e w hol e rive r Though

,
.
t hese e ffects a 1 e w ell kno w n it is n ot easy to a s certain their i m m ediat e ,
cause ; if observations w ere t a ken at t he on e and sa m e ti m e at se ve i a l point s

of the river— sa y Mon t evideo Colonia Martin G arcia Buenos Ayre s an d , , , ,
the south extre m ity of t he O rtiz Bank or Point In dio — it m ight b e possible
to ar 1 ive a t so m e solution of this phen o m ena especially i f added to the ,
experien ce of m a n y years As y e t ho w ever the pilots of the river a re

.
, ,
c ont ent w i th kno w ing by e x p e i ie nce that a l w avs w he n fre sh n orthe rl y

“ '
w inds blo w or N W e 1 e ri also N E the 1 i ver falls considerably a n d

,
.
,
. .
,
the current runs to the S E a n d S ; an d w hen pa m p eros or S E w in ds . . . .
p i e v a il t h en the 1 ive 1 rises and t h e w a te rs run S W or N W a ccor ding

,
. . .
to the ch an nel But the re are oc ca si ons w hen w ithout w ind 0 1 a ny visible
.
,
cause the 1 1 ve r rises and fa l ls con side i a bl y It m a y be these are o w ing to

,
h igh tides out at sea or p e 1 h a p s to floods in th e t w o grea t afll ue nts th e

, ,
Paran a and Uruguay ; if t he latte r th en fresh w ate r ough t to fl ow in th e ,

m s ro a r or B U EN O S n uns .
c aptains sh ould n ot al w a ys pl a ce blind confiden ce in the m but kee p a ,
vi gilant look out consultin g th eir charts a nd t a king all p re cautio n s w it h

’
, ,
the lead , &c w hilst passing the m ost da nge 1 ous channels Hence these
.
, .
,
p il ots are looked u p o n m ore as advi sers than trusty guides th erefore w hen , ,
the position of a sh ip l s doubtful and it is see nthe pilo t 1 3 not fully u p t o h is

,
business th e nit is better to let go th e a nchor at once

, Y e t th e rate of .
these pilota ges are high enough caused prob a bly by the inco m plete ,
‘
dire ctions re spectin g th e hid den da ngers of th e r iver its uncertain and ,
irregular soundings as w ell as the fea r of the traditional pa m pero But

, .
up to Buenos A re s or the Hornos Isl a n ds th e dept h of w a ter is such th at

'
y
vessels dra w ing e ighteen feet m a y ascend 1 n sa fety by p aying attention to
the general dire ctions given It is safe and a dva nt a geous t o let g o the
.
anch o r a ny w h e 1 e the lea d indi ca tes soft botto m an d the pilots ava il the m ,
s elves of this very often .
The Route fro

m Monte vide o to BuenosAy re s .
Sinc e the establish m ent of li ghtsh ips off Point Indio a nd the C hico Ban k ,
this route i s easy enough Ne verthel ess a l l foreign sh ips take i n pilots
.
,
m ore es p ecially those dra w ing sixteen feet four inches of w a ter as the
,
ch annel in so m e places is narrow a nd tort u ous parti cularly at the S E ,

.
.
ext re m i ty of the O rtiz Bank It m ust b e borne i n m ind also that these
.
b anks w hich i m pe de the naviga tion of the Plate are cont inually shifting and
, ,
'
a lterin g in thei r for m s a n d depths h enc e they can not be kno w n for a
,
c ertainty except by the pilots w ho ha ve to sou nd and ascertain the channels

,
c on t i
n ually in conducting ships un der th eir cha rge Vessels dra w ing less .
than ten feet of w ate r m a y cross the O rtiz Bank any w here co m in g fro m ,
Montevideo to Buenos Ayres a s th ere is al w a ys ten feet eight i nc hes ove r

,
it A s a r ule w hen the lead gives a soft botto m m ix e d w ith sand it is

.
, ,
ind ic ative of a p proaching a b ank and the ha rder it gets t h e n e a re r is the

,
'
b ank Care should be al w ays taken to have the anch ors ready to let go at
.
a ny m o m e n t There are three ch a nnels bet w een Mon tevideo a nd Bueno s

.
Ayre s —tl1 e No rth Cha nnel the Middle Channe l and the South Channel
, , ,
.
The North Chan n el is bet w een th e no rthe rn shor e of the river and th e
O rtiz Ba nk and only vessels of fourteen to fif teen feet ca n navigate it The
,
.
M idd l e Channel w hich is fo rm ed bet w een the O rtiz and Ch ic o Banks i s th e

, ,
deepes t a nd therefore the m ost f requente d

,
The South Channel i s .
bet w een the s ou thern shore and the Chico Bank and is available to vessel s ,
o f sixteen feet To pass through the North or South Cha nnels there should
.
m e nu : C HANN E L . 153
be a steady breez e aft or on the quarter hence they are only

, ,
u sed by
c o asters , if it can be help e d .
If circ u m stances oblige a ve ssel to take this cha nnel and supp osing th e ,
starting point to be thre e or four m iles S of the Ce rro it should ste er .

,
W S W for a ti m e end e avor in g to a sc ertain t h e ru n of th e current

.
,
To .
c lear the Panela Bock w h ich sho uld a l w a y s be passed o n the starb oard
,
side k eep the li ght o f the Cerro nothin g to E of N E E until it is in

, . . . .
,
line north and south w i th Point E spinillo then put the hel m to W N W § N ,
. . . .
so a s to a void the shoal s o f S a n ta Lucia a nd the Barrancas de San Gregorio .
A pproa ch ing Point Sa n Gregorio w h i ch is the extre m ity of the high land
, ,
m uch c are should be taken w ith the so undings If m ore than t w enty n ine .
-
feet of w ater is foun d it sho w s the ve ssel to b e nea r the flat to the w est
,
of this point and she sho uld be put to port until the w ater shoals to
,
t w enty three or t w enty live feet then p ut her head to N W 1 W the

- -
,
. . .
,
Point bea ring distan t ei ght m iles Steering N W 1} N the w ater . . . .
w i l l graduall y di m inish to eighteen feet in front of Point C ufré w h i ch ,
sh o ul d be passe d w ithin abo ut t w o m i l es W he n th is po int bears N E . . .

,
p ut the shi p s head to W kee p in g a m oderate dista nce f ro m shore until

’
,
the w est po int of Sauc e is m ade w hich is easily distingui she d by the tre es
,
cro w ning its top O nce here to give a good be rth to the rocks called the
.
,
Pipas w hich are in m id channel a n d partly above w ater , and to p a ss

,
-
,
i n shore o f the m the coast m ust b e a pproached p retty near unt il th e rock s
, ,
bear a p oint and a h alf or t w o p om t s to p o rt ; then follo w t he e dge of the

O rtiz Ban k acc ording to soundings until C olonia a p pears abo ut W by N ,
. .
,
and the vessel then bears for the cit y The so undings w hi ch ha ve be en .
,
uniform at a bo ut e igh tee n feet w ill n o w deepen to t w e nty nine feet in the
,
-
narro w chan nel bet w ee n Point Sa n Pedro Alc an tara and the Pe scadores
Ba nk Makin g Buenos Ayres w hilst steerin g
. or so m e w hat m ore
S t w ent y one feet of w ater w ill b e found in the O uter Roads
.
,
-
.
The Middl e Ch a m z cl .
Beforeestabl ish ing the lights h i p o ff Point Indio it w a s necessary to m ake

out th a t p o int for certa inty before atte m p ting either the Middle Channel or
th e South Channel Although th e facilitie s w h ich the soundings a n d the
.
1 56 1 TH E PORT o r Bua sos f iv nns .
'
n atur e of the -
‘
botto m fin die a te
are ve ry gre a t stil l th e land is s ol ow -
'
,
‘
he reabo ut s that this ligh tship is a great boon to thos e n avig ati n g the Pl ate , : '
a nd for m s an exc ellent starting point for both channels either at day or ,
ni gh t The first th ing a fter lea ving the roads of Montevideo i s to m ake for
.
"
this lightship stee ring W S W l W b ut t he currents in this part of th e
,
.
«
.
,
ri ve 1 a ie such that the b earin gs of the Cerro should b e c a refully w atched

as l ong as it is in vi e w until the li ghtship be m a de o ut a nd the sh ip s
, ,
’
cours e be thus e nsuie d The sound ings a re a lso a goo d guide So on after
’
'
. .
lea ving t h e ro ad s t w enty three a n d a half to t w enty fi ve feet w ill be found

- -
an d w hils t t he depth re m ains n ea rl y unifor m a t tha t it sh ow3 the ch a nnel ,
is w e ll k ept if it di m ini shes to t w ent y feet and less t hén the vesse l is
fal l ing 0 11 the verge of t he O rtiz B ink ; w hil st on the oth er h a nd if it '
dee pens to t w enty nine fe et it indicates a d rif t tow ards Sa nbm om bon Ba y :
'
In each ca se the c ur rents s hou l d be c a ref ully conside 1 ed 1 11 any a lter a tion of
co ui se H aving proceede dthirty l ive m i les on thi s c ourse the lightshi p
.
'
-
,
w il l ap p ear a nd a essel can bear d o w n on her to pass on ei the r side or

y , ,
ta k e 1 n pilo t if on e is requi red as th is is their sta tio n After p assing th e

'
.
, ,
ligh tship p nt the shi p s he ad to N W se as to pass bet w ee nthe Ne w Ban k

,
u
’
. .
,
and the sh oal s fo rm ing off the Argen tine sh ore m ea nw hile w a tching for ,
the steep edg es of the O rtiz Ba nk to t h e N of th e Chic o O n this course . .
the w ater sho uld deepe n f ro m a bou t t w e n ty five feet to t we nty n i n e a nd - -
thir ty fi ve feet a fter w ards very gr a dually sho a li ng This sh oalin g a nd

-
,
.
,
the harden in g of t he botto m w ith s a nd indicate the p rox im it v of the bahk s ,
i n the n arro w part o f the channel l f w i th this N W course the soundings . . .
are un ifo rm n ot exceeding t we nt y t h ree a nd a h alf feet it sho w s that a

' '
,
-
.
st ron
gcurre n t has s et t he vessel to w ards the Chi co Ba nk : in that case
‘
s teer N even a little E to it if it is thought th e b a nk is very n ear until

.
, .
,
t h e l e a d gives tw ent y —
, ,
nine o r thi rty fou r feet as m id channel : once i n t hat

'
- -
w ater the ship s h ead s h ould b e put to N W a gain a s the steep e dges of
’
.
,
th e Oi t iz Bank ha ve t o be a voide d conti nuing on th e sa m e course until the ,
next li ghtship on th e Chi co Ban k 1 8 m a de out This li ghtship is anchored

i n t w enty one feet of 11 a ter off the N li a t re m ity of the Ba n k a nd sh oul d
,
.
,
be left on th e p ort side If fro m so m e ca use o r ot he r thi s l i h tsh ip is

’
'
e
.
u navailable 0 1 c a nnot be m a de out in t 1 i ck w eath e r the n great ca i e shoul d

, ,
be taken w ith the soundin gs keepi ng close to the edge o f Ol t l l but , ,
m arking w ell the n a tu re of the b ot t o m If the vess e l is in the direc t .
c hannel for Buenos Ayres and in t he p ai a l l e l o f the O rtiz Bank w ith the
,
N e x tre m itv of th e Chi co Bank then th e lea d w ill give t w e n ty th 1 ee

.
,
-
,
t w ent y n i 11 e and thi rt y five feet of 1 1 a ter w i th so t botto m di m ini shing

-
,
f
, ,
gra dually as the S antiago and Lara Ban ks are a ppr oached and con tinuing
'
,
8 1 1 1 13 1 10 11 1 or 130 3 11 0 3 n uns .
inete en or t w enty feet in th e roa ds of Bue n os A y res In p l a ce offol l o w ing

‘
'
n .
t h e A rgentine coast a ft er e m erging fro m the south channel pro p e r perha p s

'
, ,
the safest course i s to steer N W until the O rtiz Bank i s approach ed a rid
. .
,
then take a course for Buenos Ay rss d ir ect This 1 5 by far the best cour se .
i f the d estination be Colon i a or the Hornos I sle s

'
Monte vide o
.
Be a ting f to Point l ndz o

'
r om .
I f it is nec essary to t
ck after leaving Montevideo ca re sh ould be take n
a ,
to a void th e dangers ly ing at the m outh of the river such as the English Bank , ,
the A rchi m ede s th e O rtiz a nd t he shoals off the ri ght shores of the river
, ,
The soundings and th e nature of th e bo tt om w ill ind icat e clearly th e

'
localities of the ba nk s a nd w ith such guidanc e there should be no fea r to

,
beat the dista nc e to Point ludio .
f r om Point India to Bue nos Ay re s .
More dill icul tie s present the m se l ve sfla fid m ore a tten tion is n e ce ssa ry in
'
'
’
beati ng fro m Point In die to Bue n os Ay res F or a w hile bet w ee nthese t w o

_
‘
p oints unless
,
the runnin g is at lea st sii knot s an hour the current should ,
“
n o t b e atte m p ted to be ste mm e d at lea st if it ru ns m ore than one or o ne ,
"
a nd a half knots If t he c urre nt run s str ong and th e vessel does not m ak e
-
.
,
m uch w ay it is bette 1 to c o m e to anchor a nd w ai t for a m ore fa vo rabl e

, ,
O p p ort u nity— chan ge of w ind or C11 1 rent A fte r passi ng the lightship t he
fi rst t ac ks sho u ld be to w ards t h e A1 ge n t iue s h or e so as to cle ar the Ne w ,
Ba nk at leas t if t h e dra ugh t of th e vess el per m its it be ing crossed

,
It is .
quite safe to beat here if th e lights hip is al w a y s kept bearing so m e 1 1 hat E .
i n th e o ut w a i d tacks until a tosca botto m is felt w hi ch sho w s that th e

, ,
N W p o nt of the bank is b eing crossed then th e tacking m ay be

. .
,
p rolonge d to th e O rtiz Bank up to t w e nt 1 on e feet of w ate r returning to a -

.
,
si m ilar depth in shore I t is not so uneven or broken on th e edge of th e

'
O rti z Ba nk as it is ou th e tosca ledges lying alon g sho re therefor e ev en a

‘ ' ’
-
,
littl e less w ater on that bo w m ay not be dangerous st ill it i s be tter to ke e p ,
th e sa m e w a ter so as t o avoid any o utlying lu m p s o f th e b an k I n this

,
‘
.
m ann er a vessel m ay beat past the N e w Bank to t he l S E extre m ity of the

'
. .
C h ico Bank ] When in th e vicinity of th e latte r bank six or eight trees in ,
“
th e n e igh borh ood of Magdal en a w ill appear and w hile these b ear S W
'
. .
,
quart er s a vess el m a y beat w ithout fear it w ill b e noted n o that m or e

. .
w ater w ill be found on the starboa rd si de runn ing alon g the e dge of the ,
O rti z Bank , tha n w hen m aking shore on the po rt bow When the o m b u .
A D VI C E . 1 59
tre e s re ferred to bea r .

it sh o w s the po sition to be in th e chan nel
be t w e en the O rt iz and Chico Ba nks : they m ay be seen fro m the round t o
‘
p
-
of a n o rdinary v essel b efore the Chico Ba nk is reached b ut fro m the e dg e ,
of the O rtiz say i n,

t w ent y feet of w ater they cannot be s een — a ves sel , ,
m ust be i n m id channel a nd the w eathe r clear b efor e they can be m ad e

-
, ,
out fro m the m ast head O n ce bet w een the O rti z an d Chico a vess el m ay
‘
-
.
,
b eat to w ards the for mer up to t w en ty feet w ithout any fe ar ; but should
not a pproach the latte r any nea re r than t w enty fi ve feet a s its edges are -
,
v ery ste ep When it is calcula ted the ve sse l is i n the narro w est part of th e
.
m id dl e channel gre a t care should be taken the ship put about i mm edi a tel y
, ,
if a ft er th e lead g ives t w ent y nine feet th e ne xt th ro w b e t w o feet l ess

-
,
The shoalin g of th is bank i s rath er ab rupt —giving t w ent y thr ee feet a t -
fi rst t h e n eight ee n feet at a sec on d ca st and the n ext eleven feet w ith
, , ,
hard botto m : the rapid shoaling renders the Chico the m ost dangerou s
bank i n the River Plate a n d be ing une ve n in its edges and leaving but a
, ,
'
n arro w cha nnel bet w e en it and th e O rti z the w orking of a ship past its
, ,
dange rs is a diffi cult task Having pa ssed this and ta cked across t he
.
,
channel th e soun dings w ill be foun d at thirty nine a nd a h a lf feet w h ich

,
- -
, ,
’
w h e n sboa l ing to t h i rt y t w o or t w enty e ight and a half fe et sho w s th e
.
- - -
,
p roxi m ity of the Santia g o and L ara Banks still the port bo w m ay be kept
to the A rgentin e shore unt il t w enty th re e fe et is r e ached ; w hich w ill b e -
nearly abreast of Quil m e s x p e rha p s only t w enty one feet w ill be found but -
,
i f th e botto m b e soft black m ud th e channel is g ood O n ce up to this p oint .
a c oup l e m ore tac ks w ill reac h t he oute r roads of Buen os A yres I nside
_ .
the roa d pe rhaps i t w ill b e n ecessary t o tak e one or t w o short tacks t o ,
bring the vessel to a good position b ut not les s than t w o feet of w ate r ,
sho ul d a l w a v s be under the ke el

'
A D VI C E .
A fter all i t m ust be re m e m bered t h a t al l such b ook i nstructions as hav e

, ,
been given a s t o the routes to Buenos A y res are m ere indications for
extre m e ca ses and for such unforeseen circ u m stances that n o others are
,
ava ilable —such for instan ce a s the 1 e m ova l of either of the lightships off
, ,
Point I ndio or the Chico Ba nk fro m so m e ca use or other ; or during thick

,
w eather w h en no m arks are vis ible ; or if ful l con fidenc e cannot be plac e d
,
in th e pilot on b oard O ther w is e it i s n ot advisable for any foreign

.
,
ca ptain unle ss of m uch experienc e a nd w ell kn o w ing the land m ark s t o

, , ,
a tte m pt the passage t o Buenos A yres or out w ard w ithout the a ssistanc e o f , , '
a p ra ctical pilot l t sho uld also be borne in m ind that in a gr e a t e st uary iike
.
1 60 T HE POR T ‘
OF BU E N O S A YRE S .
this ,
o
1 vl1 e re
th e c urrents run in such d us the for m ation of ,
t h e bank s is al w a s changi ng and w

.
ch a n e l s ; he ce it
y p ,
be co m e s nece ssary someti mes to a lte 1 the positio n of the li ghts hips fro m ,
w hich it w il l b e se e n t ha t the be a iings an d dire ctions gi v e n can only: be

.
a pproxi m ately relied u p on a s t he results of t h et h e n latest surv ey 5 publi shed

, .
Mm e m ay b e confide d to th e soundings a nd t he lea d sho ul d al w ay s be k e p t , ,
g o m g : the d e p th a nd n atur e of the botto m w ith careful l efe 1 e n cc to t e

, h , .
ch a 1 t are m 0 1 e ove r the best guides th e pilots h ave

, , ,
.
T HE A F F LU E NT S OF T HE '
PL AT E .
The 1 e qu isite kno w l edge for n a n gat ing the U iuguay and Pa ra na
bei ng o nly at tained by practi cal e x p e i ie nce th e di stanc es on th ese ,
r i vers only m e giv en here :
The Urugua y .
Mil e s .
Fro m the roads of Bueno s t y res to Point Gorda at , t he

entra n ce of the U rug u ay 1
,
Po int Gorda to th e R io N egro

B io N e gro to G ua leg uaychu ‘
,
G u alegu aych u to t he Arroy o Ch ina

'
'
.
' '
'
2 A rr oy o Chi na to Pa ysan du
‘
’
Ba y sa ndu to Concordia f
C onc ordia to Salto
' '
Salt ot o the t ow n of Belen ,
Belen tot he l l io Mirina i '

,
Mirina ito th e R io I bicui

‘
I bicu i t othe to w n of L a Cruz '
a L a Cruz to Sant o Tom e ,
Sa nto l om é to the Pass of Concepcion

' ‘
C oncepcion Pass to Sa n Javier ,

21
Sa n J a vie i to Salto Gra 11 d e 4 m iles belo w , Pe p iri, 12 1
The Pa ra na .
The distances of the ya ribu spo rts of c all on this rive r fro m th e r oads
'
. of
Bueno s A y re s are a s fol l o w s

l
1
Mil e s .
re t he Para n
i a
'
55 To Esquina ,
Z
: San l e d
i Bella Vista
'
’ 1 45
”
1 l o , ,
Corrie ntes
’
Sa nl ii
i‘
col a s 181 11
,
Salto de A pipe
"
Rosa iio , 2 93
'
Salto de Gua ir a,
,
Para na, 32 1
‘
(1
I
a La P1
az , 40 6
2 TH E Pno vm cn or BU E NOS x vnns .
c ourses : in the south w e fi nd so m e l arge r ivers viz , th e Sal ado w h ic h ,

.
,
r uns for 2 50 m iles fro m W t o E and falls into the estuary of the L a
,
. .
Plata near Cape St A nthony ; a nd the C olora do an d N egro w hich m ay be

.
,
r egarded as the I ndian frontier lin e south w ard Am on g th e tributaries of

-
.
t h e Salado are the a rroyo s of L as Flores Tapalq uen and A z ul w hich giv e
’
, ,
their na m es to th e district s they irr igat e The Rio N egro has its origi n .
in the A n des crossing th e continent fro m E t o W

,
and i s navigabl e . .
,
a l m ost the w hole course F urth er south is the Chup a t rive r w here t h e
.
,
W elsh colony i s establishe d A m ong t he m ino r strea m s of th e south ar e

.
th e Chapale ofu Ta n dil e ofu Aapal e ofu Vivorat a and A r roy o Gran de of
, , , , ,
s w eet w ater , a nd the Pantanoso Que quen grande Quequen S alado ,

-
, ,
C ristiano Muerto Car m elo , Mul p onl e ofu and Sa uce Grande w hi ch hav e a
, ,
b rackish taste b eing i m pregnat ed w ith certain salts T here are nu m erou s
,
.
l agoons or lakes s cattered ove r th e vario us districts ; like the rivers so m e ,
o f the m dry up in the hot season ; they are m ostly of s w e et w ater a n d ,

"
invaluable for th e use of the fl ock s a nd herds : the lak es of Chasc o m us
’ ‘
'
B ragad o 2 5 d e Mayo Enca den a da s L a g 11 na d e lo s Padres and Ma r

' '
, , , ,
C h iquita a re th e m ost i m portant The only lines of hills are tho se in t h e .
s outhern I ndian count ry t he ,

Ta n dil e ofu, Tandil ,
H uesos Tapal quen Sierra Tinta Chapaleofu A zul & c
, ,
w hich rise near , , ,
.
,
C ape C orrientes r un 2 0 0 m iles inl and in a W NW directio n and are los t

, .
,
in th e Pa m pas furth er south are the C urra m alal Gua nin i and Sierr a ‘
-
.
, ,
Ventana w hich stretch out ab out 1 0 0 m il es The Sierra Ti nta i s fa m ou s

, .
for superior m arble A m ong nat ural c uri osities is w orthy of m ention t he
.
great rockin g stone of Ta xidil :

~
The populat ion of the provinc e exclusive o f the city of B uen os A yre s , ,
is returned as 3 1 9 7 7 3 soul s i n th e follo w ing order— A rgentines 2 4 7

, ,
‘
Spaniards 1 8 3 3 2 lire n ch 1 4 59 4 I talians 1 3 7 6 8 English 1 2 4 4 9 G er m an s

, ,
“
, , , , , ,
2 3 3 9 I ndian s 6
, , oth ers 4 0 0 0 The se r eturns ar e pretty correct in a n
,
.
offi cial point of vie w sin c e th ey include a l l foreign ers ch ild 1 en born in t h e
,
’
c ountry under t he cla ssi fication of A r gentines I f h o w ev er w e be

, .
, ,
p erm itted t o count the fa m ilies of foreign settlers as belon g ing to thei r
n ationality w e shall find the esti m at es thus
A rg entines ,
English ,
F rench 6 B asques
:
I talians ,
Spaniard s ,
3 0 ,0 0 0 G erm a ns 5 000 , ,
The natives m ay b e said to o ccupy the m selves exclusively in th e care of '
horn e d cattle and breaking in horses They a re intelligent oblig in g an d

-
.
, ,
h ospitable but fond of ga m bling and horse ra cing and the lo w er classe s
,
-
,
a re entir ely devoid of education : Their m anner of life gives th e m littl e

F ORE I G N r orum rro n . 3
r espect for a laboriou s a nd w ell organiz ed sta te of societ y ; and as th e l a w s

-
h ave hitherto a fforded the « p aisano » no ot her privileg e than a life o f

'
’
pe rp et ual m ilitary service eith er o n th e frontier or in the civ il w a rs t h e

, ,
r esul t has b een to de m ora l iz e th e r ural population Th e Frenc h a n d .
Bas q ues ar e found 1 11 a variety of calling s—inn k ee p ers art iz a n s shephe rd s -

, , ,
b rick m akers b ullock drivers &c : they are ind ustrious and h onest ,
, ,
.
seldo m failing to realiz e a n independence a nd w ell lik ed by t hei r ,

-
,
n eig hbors . T he Spaniards are so m et i m e s shopke epers so m e ti m e s ,
sheph erds ch acre ros &c Th e I talians are o ft en foun d a s p ul p e ro s o r

,
'
,
.
travelling h ux t e rs an d they have little shops he r e and there through t h e

‘
country Th e Engl ish m ay b e subdivided thu s—I rish

'
. Scotch ,
A m ericans ,
5 0 0 0 5 th e I rish have for ove r 2 0 years for m ed the b ulk of t h e ,
' '
’
sheep far m ing co mm un ity and to the m i s i n a great m easur e due th e stapl e
-
,
w ealth of th e country ; they are m ostly found in the N a n d W w her e they . .
o w n large esta n c ias and thei r attention t o the education of thei r childre n
,
i s a n honorable characteristic ; each district h a s its o w n I rish clergy m an

'
its lending library a n d it s racing club The Scotch see m t o p refer th e

,
.
'
Southern ca m ps : there are flo urish ing co mm un iti e s in the districts of Sa n

Vice nt e and C hasco m us w here m any of the es tan c ia s w ill c all fo r ou r
,
‘
on in the tour of th e cam pagn a

sp e cia l a t t e n t i Th e Scotc h settlers w ere
’
‘
“
ori ginall y m en of hu mble fortunes b ut thrifty w ell infor m e d an d
'
-
, , ,
lab orious ; it is not surprising that s ucc ess h as attend ed the m There is a .
Scotch chapel n ear Quil m es and another on th e A dela estancia ne a r

'
C hasco m us O f English m en properly so c al led there are v e ry fe w

’
in the ca m p b ut w e sha l l have to visit one or t w o w ealthy English

,
‘
e stancieros N orth A m ericans are fe w er

. Ger m ans are sca ttere d '
w idely souie as shop k eepe rs others a s far m ers and th e latter h ave so m e o f
'
-
, , ,
the finest e stabl ish m ents in the province .
In th e l a st century th e sole industry of th e co untr y consisted in kill in g

horned c attle for th ei r h ides O f late years the sheep business has sprun g .
up r a pidly a nd attained colossal di m ensions The coun try is w ell adapted

,
.
for re a riug in n um e ra bl e flocks and w hen the frontier is onc e securely fixe d
'
a long th e Rio N egro w e m ay look for further expans ion to this i ndustry .
A gric ultur e has so m e dra w backs particularly that of w ant of hands b ut it , ,
is m aking unprecedented progress in those districts connect ed by r iver o r

r a il w ay w ith the capital : the w he at crops especially are ab undant an d
The o ffici al statistics of stock ar e a s follo w s z —sheep
, ,
r e m unerative .
,
60 ,
co w s 6 ,
hors es ne arly
, Th 1 s give s an ,
average of 2 0 0 sheep 2 0 co w s and 6 hors es to every inh abi tant , a

, ,
proport ion that w ill not b e found 1 11 any othe r cou ntry of the globe .
A A2
4 TH E p a ovm cc or BU EN O S a va a s .
prov ince)is divided int o 7 2, w ith the m p o p ula tio n

' ’
The ,
a re as follo w s
Pa rtidos .
1
Ia rt idos
’
.
S Aiidre s de G i le s
’
San J ose de F l ore s,

,
’ ‘ ' ‘
.
,
Vill a L ur an ,
fl
‘ -
S outh B ar raca s ,
‘
Z a m ora ,
1 . Pilar ,
S an Vi cente ,
Moren
J
o ,
Quil m es , L as Co
'
nchas ,
l
En senada ; Sari H e r n ando ,
Magdalen a ,
Rivadavia (ne w ) ,
B el gran o ,
Bie d m a Sa n Mart in ,
C ha scom usn .
Moron,
Ranch e s , 1
M erlo ,
Gua rdia Mon t e , ‘

Matariza s
To r di l l o
'
,
L obos ;
‘
T resArrayos (new )
‘
’
, ,
L as Hera s, C ast elli

Navarro ,
s Ra n ch
A ya cuch o
'
Mercedes ,
Suipa cha (ne w ) ,

B al c arc e
Chivilcoy ,
Chacab uco ,
N neve de Julio,
J linin ,
C ar m en d e Are co,
Sa n A ntonio
a ra de ro y
E .
N e co chea (n e w ) , ,
Z arate ,
L incol n (ne w ) ,
Capilla del Se nor ,

'
6 1 1 1 1: Pnovm cn or 11 11 13 11 0 5 n uns .
l os e all idea of the 1 r c ourse and oft en w ander astray Even th e n atives
'
.
, ,
w ho p dsse ss a n inst inct like that of the pigeo n m ake absurd m istakes ,
‘
Tropical rains fall in w inter and the w hole cou ntry be co m es a s w a m p

,
,
.
A fter the rain ho w ever , N ature li k e a phoenix rise s fro m th e ash es and
, , ,
‘
th e earth turns gre en ag ai n Sno w m ay not b e seen for a g en era tion but .
'
ic e is not unco mm on and the w in d is oft en piercingl y cold T he cli m ate is

,
.
h ealthy to the healthy b ut unsuitable for i nv alids , esp e cial l y t hose w ith
'
c onsu m ptive tenden cie s» .
A m ong th e a ni mals p eculiar t o the country i s th e «bisca cho w h ich is ,
classed by n aturalists a m ong th e fa m ily of Chi nchillida e and order of
Rodentia . « Bi sca chos» are a n abh orrence t o sh e e p far m e rs a s th ey b urro w ,
the l an d l n all di1 e ctions a n d there i s m uch d anger to person s ga 110 pin g
,
'
a fter dark , of th e hors e stu mbling over a « biscach e ra » Th e « bisca ch os» .
r e m ain underground d uring the da y a n d it is re m a rkabl e that a peculiar

‘
,
b ree d of o w ls inh abit th e sa m e b urrows w ith th e m A ft er sunset th e .
t r aveller w il l s ee t hes e strang e ani m als s itting or running ab o ut at th e

‘
m outh of their b ur ro w ; but of a sudden th ey utter a strange cry and , ,
dive down out of sight A nother curious ani m al is the « peludo » or .
ar m a dillo w hich burro w s 1 n the gro und , but leaves no opening b ehind it
, .
« Pel u dos » are considered by th e n atives as a very dainty dis h b eing c ooked ,
a nd served up in the shell : the flavor is al m ost too rich and savo ury .
« Il ul it a s» a re al m ost th e sa m e as « pel udos » a nd also m u ch in request a s ,
an articl e of fo od These anim als hav e such po w erful cl aw s th at if on ce

.
they get th eir h ead under ground it is i m possibl e to pull th e m out I n th e .
m ore distant c a m ps w e so m eti m es hear of w ild dogs (perros ci m arrones )

w h ich go abo ut lik e w olves 1 n large packs doi ng m uch h a voc a m ong sh eep, ,
.
T h e « co m adreja » i s an ani m al bet w een th e w ease l and th e ot ter it is fond

;
'
o f suckin
g eggs and has a pouch like the opossu m fo r carry 1 ng about its
, , ,
yo ung Ra ts m ice a nd frogs are a bundant in a l l p a rt s of the count ry ; an d

.
, ,
a m ong vene m ous r eptiles are found th e « e scue rz o a deadly kind of toad , ,
and the « Vivora de l a Cruz » a s m all snake so called fro m its ha vi ng a cross
’
on its h ead ; th e latte r kind of r eptile is ve ry rare Th e other ani m al s .
c o m prise ostriches « nutrias » pole cat s a nd t ige r cats « nutrias » ar e m uch

, ,
-
,
-
estee m ed for their skins in w hich the I ndian s car 1 y on som e trade ,
.
Tiger cats a re about double the siz e of th e do mestic ani m al

-
.
Birds are as s carce as tree s in B u en os Ay res 1 f w e except g a m e w hich , ,
1 s v ery abu n d ant : the cou ntry s w ar m s with w i ld duc k partri dge and a '
, ,
spe cies of horn ed plo ver called « tero tero » fro m th e cry w hi ch it m akes
,
-
.
Ther e is a kind of h aw k or vultur e called « chi m an go » wh ich picks o ut the ,
e ye s of young la m bs
; the « c a ra ncho » is anoth er kind so me w hat larger , ,
T REE S AN D 5 11 11 11 11 5 . 7
a nd b oth th es e b irds ar e a kind of scav e ngers sp ec ially provi ded by ,
N atur e for c arrying off th e c arrion th at infests the c a m ps on all sides

.
. .
"
Parrots ar e o ften found in la rg e nu mbers Th e « Pi ca fl or » or hu mm ing .
-
,
b ird is one of th e tiniest and pr ettiest of the feathere d t ribe it i s no

, .
l arg er than a bee of th e m ost b eautif ul and v ariegated hue s a n d1i1 e s by

, ,
s ipping fro m the flo w ers l ik e a butter fly there 1 5 also th e « Hornero » or

,
.
« oven bir d
-
a l ittle larg er than a lark w hich b uil ds its nest of m ud on the
,
»
,
fork of a tre e ; the n est is ab out t h e si z e of a m an s h ead , th e w a l l s an ’
i nch t h ick and al m ost as strong as a b rick

,
.
The botan ist w il l find littl e to inter est hi m in th e Pa m pa s : n evertheles s

t h e « pi ta » or fl ow e ring a l oe is a be autiful plant i ndigenous t o th e country
-
,
.
It is u sually seen for m ing a fenc e in the s uburban quint a s and ha s a fin e ,
e ffect spri nging up to a height of 3 0 fe et a n d at the ba s e it is sur ro u

, _
n de d , '
.
by large prickly l eaves 7 or 8 feet l ong a nd 5 or 6 inc hes in thick n e ss

‘
.
, ,
The inn er s ubstanc e is a fibro us m at ter fro m w h ich so m e e xc el lent t w in e

h as b e en m ade The « tuna » i s so m eti m es c onfounded w ith th e « pita » but
.
,
t h e for m er see m s rathe r of the cact us fa m il y The fenc es for m ed by these .
p lants have often proved im p enetrabl e e v e n to the I ndians The chief .
o rn a m ent of th es e plains i s th e « O m b u » w hi ch Cas ts out its br an ch e s t o a

,
g reat extent and affords a cool and refreshing sh ade ; the foliage i s dark
g reen ; it is invaluable a s a l an d m ar k and D on L uis D o m inguez has sun g ,
its praises in v ery eloq uent strai ns Poplars gro w ab undantly in the so uth
.
,
p aradis e trees in the north a nd peach trees every w h ere ; thes e l a st a re -

-
,
us eful not only for the ir fruit b ut for supplying fi re w o od and the y ar e
.
, ,
c ut do w n every th 1 ee y e ars Grape s fi " s

,
a.nd other E uropean fruits
, g
:
thrive here ad m irably as also th e v egetables i n c o mm on us e i n England

,
.
In fa ct nearl y all th e products of the te m perate z ones a n d th e tropics a r e

reare d w ith little difficulty other than t h at p a use d by the a nts A ustralia n .
g um trees a cquir e a w onderf ul height and b ul k in thre e or four years an d

-
the Govern m ent e ndeavo red a couple of year s a go t o i nduce th e n ative s

, ,
t o plant it largely There are m any pretty field flo w ers apparently

.
indigenous but the s cien c e of h ort icul tu z e is co m paratively n e w a n d

,
l im ited to the co mm oner k inds o f g arden flo w er s although th e ca m elias -

,
s ee m m uch fi ner th an are usual l n Europ e .
Thirty y e ars ago all travel ling i n th e ca m p w as don e on horseba ck and ,
the nati ves st il l m ake light of galloping 10 0 or eve n 1 5 0 m il es m a day .
« D iligencias » or m a il coach es w hen first i nt roduc ed w er e dra w n by a

-
, ,
dozen horses yoked side w ays by a g irth or « cincha Th e w a nt of b ridg es .
o ve r the arroyos often m ade th is m ethod of travell ing exceedingly

t roubleso m e and tedious A t present ther e ar e ra il w ays no rth ; south , a nd
.
'
8 aovnvcn
‘
1 11 11 p or num vo s 11 11 11 11 5 .
w est , trave rsing the c ountry fe r two hundred m iles an d In c onne ctio nw ith
the m a nu mb er o f «diligenci as, 11 w hich ren ders travelling easy a nd
e xp editious G oods and produc e a re t ransported by troops of t en or a
do z en b ul l ock carts wh ich are ugl y cu mberso m e vehicl es b uilt on
-
, , ,
z ,
pondero us wheels ; th e y travel abo ut 2 0 m il es a day ; the bullo ck drive rs

,
u rge on the oxen w ith long goads ; t hese m en h ave a l ife o f extre m e
h ardsh ip l iving always in t he open a ir w ithout oth er ho m e or shelt er than
, ,
th e sh a do w of their rude
The Provin ce of Buenos A yres w as an in depe ndent Be publ ic fro m th e fa ll
‘
of B os e s in 1 8 5 2 till th e recon s truct i

, ,
on of the A rgentine Co nfe deration 1 D .
1 8 6 1 ; it is n ow one of th e fo u rt een u nited provinces h aving it s ow n ,
Gover nor L e gislatur e and local au thorities , and bein g represente d in th e

, , ,
N ational Congr ess by t w o Senat ors and t w e l v e D eputi es The Govern or is .
el e ct e d for t hree y e ars a n dhas t w o Min i ters of State , for th e Ho e an d

,
s n
r
F inanc e D epar tm e nt s s an d D eputies for th e Prov incial
w
The S enato r
.
(
L egi s lature are ele ct ed by the vari ous distric t s , in the rate of a S enato rfor
e very 1 2 0 0 0 and a D ep uty fo r ev ery 6 0 0 0 i n habitants : the firs t f o r
, , , , “sit
_
J t e y
h r e e ars ,
t h e sec o nd for tw o
Teh j udici al . au thorities c m
o p rise a H i g h
Cou rt of J u sti ce (fr om w hich there is appeal t othe F e d eral Tr ibu n al ) th e
Tribu nal of Co mm erc e Distric t Courts at M ercedes SaiiN icol a s and D olores , ,
J usti ce s of Pr imer a I nstancia a nd th e ord in ar y Just ices of Peace fo

,
rthe
re spe ct i ve pa rti dos The a dm in istrat m n of th e l aw s i s ne ce s s arily
im pe rfect o wing to t h e di ffi
,
cu lty o f organizing a pr oper poli ce for ce i n so
ext e n de d a c ountr y, a n d t he wa nt of respect to w ards the p ubl ic m agistr ates
the Ju sti ce of th e Peace , i n the ca m p districts is usual ly a g ro ce r ,
or s he ep far m e r a nd the A lcal des and Teniente s o ften b elong to th e

,
hu m blest cl ass of « pais anos 11 Ea ch partido h as al so it s m unic ipal b oa rd

.
” ,
t o w hi ch forei gners ar e e li g . ib le The ec clesiast ic al divi sio n of the

, . .
provin ce coin cides w ith the j udicial an d each p artido has its C ura w it h , ,
on e or t wo a s sistant Cl ergy m en w h o a re often I t al ian priests Publi c

,
.
i nstruc tion m eets w ith every possib l e favor fro m Govern m ent , and t he
v arious c a m p to w ns b oast handso m e state —
-
schools ; m eanti m e th e education
of th e rural po pulation o f fers g r ea t dii licul tie s pa rt l y o w ing to th e
, ,
distances interveni ng bet w e en th e scatter e d t o w ns an d still m ore to th e ,
h abi ts and c ha racter of the g auchos The t ot al n umb er o f children

a t t e n ding s
, ta t e schools 1 11 t he c am p is re turned at
-
a popul atio n o f
so uls The n u mber of l?ation a l Gua 1 ds a m ounts to 3 2 an d
m
.
ts for th e I ndian frontier : al l forei gner s

,
fro th ese are dr aw n co nt inge n
'
are exe m pt fro m this labori o us and u np l e as ant service .

10 LIF E ‘
IN T HE C AMP .
the gate consists of t w o or three transverse b ar s T he « corra l » is al w ays .
near the estancia house T he « m o nt e » or « q uinta ,» surrounding the house

.
com prise s an extensive p ea ch orch ard visible se vera l l eagues off In -
, .
three years peach trees arrive at m aturity and they serve the double purpos e
-
o f fruit and fuel besides m aking fe nces O ne third of the plantatio n

, .
i s cut do w n at inter val s a nd pla nted a fresh an d in this m anner the s upply
, ,
o f fruit a n d ti m ber is constant and abundant The staff of an estanci a .
usually c onsists o f a Majordo m o w ho represents th e m a ster an exper t , ,

'
c apataz to o versee the p eons and half a dozen to t w enty peons or ser vants
,
- -
,
a c cordi n g to the siz e of the estancia ; these l ast earn $ 2 5 0 to $ 3 50 '
to £ 3 )a m onth ; t hey also get their food— an unli m ited s upply of b eef
a nd so m e « yerb a .
T he sto ck o f an estancia often n u m bers ten t housa nd hea d divided int o ,
h er d s of t w o or three thousand e a ch w hich t w o m e n c a n easily care E ac h ,

.
h er d i s gathered up e very n ight to its '

an open space w here each ,
'
a ni m al regularly ch oo se s i t s ow n pl ac e to l ie do w n ; they re m ain there ti

'
ll .
'
a fte r sun rise , w hen they se t , off aga i n t o

'
g raz e C o w s calv e once a y ear , ,

. ,
heife rs a s ea rly as t w o years ; th ey liv e top about 1 5 or 2 9 y ears of a ge ,

.
a nd the ir m ilk iS rich a n d o f excelle n t fl avor The legs an d horns a re

'
l onger tha n 1 n E nglish bre e dsu Th e stock of h orned cattle in the provi nc e
i s se t do w n at 6 0 0 0 head and the a n nual sla ughte r in t h e s a l a de ros
, ,
e xceeds half a m illion independent of t he cons um ption for t he city

- -
m arkets The oxen broken for the plough or b ullock car t are r em arkab l y
.
,
-
gentle an d of sy m m etrical p i op ort ions F or m erly there w ere large

‘
q uantities of « alz ad a» or w 1 1d cattle b ut the I ndians ha v e left but fe wr on ,
the f1 o nt 1 ers In seasons of drought cattle so m eti m e s stray hundreds o f

m i l es in quest of w ate 1 b ut unless they calve on their n e w p a sture s they
, ‘
i nvariably return to their « querenc ia » after the dro ught So m eti m es th e . .
cattle ar e w atere d by m eans of a « balde sin fond o » w hic h ra ises w at er ,
fro m a w ell an d i s w orke dby a m an on horseback ; it ca n w ater

, h ead
of cattle i n a da y C attle far m ing until re cently w a s not con sidered so
.
l ucra tive b ut w hen prop erly attended to it give s very fair res ults say 211
, , ,
to 3 0 per cent o n the capi tal invested Herds of cattle fro m .

,
up w ards m a y be p u1 cha se d a t $ 6 0 or $ 8 0 (say 1 0 to 1 3 sh llings

i )a head .
L and 1 8 so dear i n th e sh eep—

,
far m ing d1 st1 1 cts th at the estan ciero has t o

choose an e stancia in the so uthern partido s o f P ila , Vecino Monsalvo or , ,
L oberia b ut h e m ust bew a 1 e of the w est e rn fi ont ie r w hich is m uc h

, ,
exposed to In dians As a 1 ul e t he busi ness of horned cattle do es not at ,
t foreign settlers ,, a l t houglr som e ha ve in a m easure c om

.
a l l sui b ine d it w i th
the c are of sheep .
H ABIT S or TH E «p iism os . »
’
11
'
Th e great season of a m u se m ent i n c a m p life i s t h e Yer ra or m arking

‘
ti m e All the p eon s of th e esta ncia a n d other s fro m th e n eighbo rhood

.
,
'
d ri ve t he cattle into the « c orrals ea ch an i m a l is caught w ith a lasso by a

’
m a n on horseb a ck t h e n t ie d do w n and a red hot iron w ith th e o w ner s
'
, ,
m onogra m or m ark is planted on the p oor brute s flank ,w hile a bl ue s m oke

’
c urls up w ard fro m th e s m okin g flesh : the m ark so m ade is indel ible and ,
this i s the w ay that e stancieros distinguish their property ther e being no ,
fen ces or bounds to the va rious e stan c ias The Yer ra al w ays w inds u p .
w it h a fe a st of « car n e con cuero » or m eat cooked in the hide tha n w hich

- -
, ,
n o thing can b e m ore sa vory ; neith er c oa ls nor w ood m us t be e m ployed in

cooking it b ut only bones and it eats b est cold Horses are m arked in
, ,
.
“
the sa m e m anner a s horned c attle and w hen sold m ust re ceive th e ,
counter m ark of the fi rst o w ner as w ell a s the brand of the p urcha se r
-
,
w hic h custo m sadly disfi ur e s m any fine ani m als The Gaucho s a re very
g .
clever in bre ak ing in hors es follo w ing a m ethod very akin to that of R arey ;
-
,
t hey tie one o f th e h orse s legs and put him through a tire so m e or dea l
’
, ,
'
then m oun t h im ride h im about a m ile ti e h im up for a day w ithout food ,

, ,
a nd before a w eek the ani m al is q ui t e ta m e and broke n i n -

.
Nothing is so w onderful as the d exterity of the nat ives in thro w in g th e

’
lasso ; their a im i s al m ost unerr ing ; the y w il l si ngle o ut a ho rs e or co w i n

'
the m iddle of a herd and b ring h im do w n w ith un failing p re cision They .
w ill also p ur sue a n ani m al in f ull cha se a cross the lains and w h en they
p , ,
'
get suffi ciently near , the lasso i s s w ung t w i ce or thrice around their head ,
then let go and the m o m ent it touches the ru na w ay co w the horse of th e

,
ri der stands still to receive th e shock and do w n goes the cow head lon g on
, ,
t h e ground . An other w a y of cat ching horses i s w ith the « bolas the se

are three round stones or iron balls about the siz e of an egg c overed w ith , ,
r a w hide an d fast e ne d t o a s t rip of hide about fi ve feet l o n g

, They ar e .
thro w n m uch l ik e the lasso at a distan ce of s ixty or sevent y y ards w ith

, ,
u nerr ing a im and entanglin g the feet of the pursued ani m al b r ing him to
, , ,
the g round w ith a viol e nt s h o ck The Gauchos a re also very clever in

'
plaiti n g b ri dl e s of untanned hide tho n gs a n d their great a m bition is to ,

~
c aparison their horses w ith e l abo ra t e sil v e r trappings often w orth a £ 1 0 0 '
sterlin g T heir ow n dress is m oreover ta steful and fantastic : inste a d of

.
, ,
pantaloons they w e a r a chir ip a» of striped w oollen stuff fitting loosely

«
,
a bout the thighs an d ex ceedingl y convenient o n h orseback ; t h is is fastene d

,
by a l eathern « tirador » orna m ented w ith sil ver b uttons and in this at thei r , ,
back they stick a k nife w ith silver o r leathern s cabbard Under th e

,
.
'
.
ach irip a» they w ear w h ite cotton dra w e r s w ith a fringe t w elve inches
'
deep : the boots w ere for m erly « botas dc potro » for m e d of the unta nne d
12 “ L IF E JN T1 1 8.
3
kin of a co l t s l egs ; leaving the w earer s toes quite b are and the big t oe
s
’ ’
,
x
exactly fi tted the little w ooden stirrup w hi ch th ey used ; bu t now they ar e ,
beginning ve ry ge nerally to w ear the ordinary bo o

. .
ts Be s ides t he ,
.
‘
« tirad or » they w e ar a long « faja » or sash of re d silk t ied aro und the
‘
i
,
w aist Th e « pon cho» co m pletes the dress : it is li

. . k e a ta bl e coy er w ith a ,
( slit in t he m iddle to ad m it the h e a d a n d v a i y in g “i n val ue fro m a fe w ,,
sh il l ings to £5 0 ; the fi nest are th ose m ade o f vic una w ool , w ove n by tthe .
n ati ve s off t h e upper provin ces

-
, .
The ric h estan c iero s usually li ve in the city i n g reat fashion an d l uxur y,
.
,
l eavin g their e stabl is h m ents in charge cf a « m ayordo m o an d go ing out ,
.
on ce or t w ice a ye ar to see ho w t hin gs go on ; they are m e n of polish ed .
. m anners g ood educ ation a

, n d of ten m e m b¢ rs of le ar n ed p 1 ofe ssion s
,
.
Their gre at fault is an absolu te n egl e ct to i m pr ove the condition a nd

m anners of t he « paisa os » o n their e states
n The « ga u chos » li v e in .
. w ret ch e d « ran c hos of w hich th e ra fters a nd fr am e w ork are St al ks of

, .
,
t h e al oe or canes th e sides a re pla stered w , ith m ud an d th e r oof is of ,
« paj a » Loru re e ds th a t gr ow in the l ago on s The f ur nit ure consis t s of a .
w ooden stool or b e n ch a fe w hor se s or co w s heads that are used for s

’
e ats
’
. . ,
a nd a i com hi de :s t retched on s ta es , w hi ch s e r ves a s the fa m ily be d

k T he . . .
cook i ng iis d one 1 11 the op e n air w ith an « asador » or spit th a t is stuc k i nto
t h e groun d an d a arg e thr ee l eg ged p ot : som e hme s a l itt e
l , l -
e ce of f urnit ure h h owev e r i s

Th e m ost i m p or tant p i .
.
, ,
.the n ative saddl e w hich is very co m plicat e d and consists o f ,
h ide a s ofte n se ry e t h e : « g aucho » for his be d ; .

,
,
the « recado is a very co m fo rtable saddle for a lon g j our ney , but ,;t ire s t he , ,
h orse m ore t han th e ordina ry sa ddle Th e ordinary pri ce of a « re cado » .

. ,
.
,
c o m plet e i s about £ 5 11 nd the be st2st re e t in the city to b uy it in is Calle

, , , ,
Buen Or den The busi ness of c attl e far m ing will re cei ve a gre at im p ul se
.
‘
-
a nd prove m uc h m ore l ucrati e ie Bailey 5 p roj ect “succeeds of

’
.
v ,
.
.
, ,
l im p orting live cattle fro m the River Pl ate i nto England Hith e i t o all . .
e fforts m Buen os Ayre s to e xport cu red b e e f for the Engl ish m arket s hav
failed to create a staple trade Meanti m e the expor tati on of dry and sa l te d
.
’
hides has kept up a very act ive business a ccm ding to L e n nuy e ux 5 tab l es
w e find cow h i des e x ported i n the year e n din g use p t e m be r m w
l
,
1 8 6 8 ; this ho w ever she w s a de clin e of 1 0 per ce nt o n the previ ous ye ar

, , ,
The exp 0 1 t of hors e hides a m ount e d to 1 0 4 0 5 3 bei ng also less t h a n f in

-
, , _
1 867 .The t al l ow t ra de ha s h ow e ve r incre a se d nota bl y“ w e find

.
,
.
, u
pipes and 2 9 2 3 3 boxes for 1 8 6 8 a n increa se of m ore ;t ha n 50 ; per cent ; If

~
.
, .
, , ,
,
t h e Nat ion a l Gove rnm e nt w ould take the e x port dutie s off p roduce t he , ,
w
farm ing ibu sine ss w o u l d be as re m unerative as ever . .

14 L IF E m a ns CA MP .
s ent ho m e m oney to Ireland to brin g out their relati ves Thing s w en t on _ .
w ell for a couple of years but on the co nclusion o f th e w a r in the Uni te d

, ,
S t ates the p rice of w oo l fe ll , w hi l e the depreciatio n of o ur curren cy

,
‘
‘
'
.
c aused a corresponding rise in w ages and all ite m s of far m ing expenses .
T he w ars of Flores and Paraguay and th e troubles of the interior caused , .
a disastrous increase of t a x a t ion tha t w e ighed al m ost excl usively o n the

.
sheep fa r m ers and producin g classes w ho sa w their S plendid profits vanish

-
,
fro m before their eyes ; and sheep far m in g hen cefor w ard did lit tle m or e -
than pay the current expenses But greater trials w e re in store fo r the m . .
T he increase of sheep w a s so rapid do ubling in fi ve or six y ears , tha t

. ,
.
,
there w ere no lo n ger pur chasers for the extra stock ; nor lan ds w he re qn to ,
,
pl ace it and the a m ount of w ool being proportion ably incre ased its pri ce
’
suffered a further r uinous decline

In 1 8 6 7 the high rate o f w ages rent and p rov is1 ons c oupled w ith a fa l l, ,
.
of nea rl y 50 per c ent in the price of w ool as co m pared w ith 1 8 6 4 reduce d

'
.
, ,
the val ue of sheep to abou t tw enty pen c e ) and as if to cro w n th e , ,
affl iction of the far m er s th e cholera b rok e out w i t h terrib l e v irulen ce

, , ‘ ,
causing th e m ost un p a1 a l l e l l e d havo c thro ughout all the p ar tidos Tw e

'
thousand Irish perished in cluding so m e w ea l thy estancieros and m m any

, ,
c ases their fl ock s w and ere d abou t the ca m p t here bei n g no one t o
.
,
.
clai m the m .
Si n ce then a sea son of recupera tion has set in The pr ice of w ool h as
,
.
indeed i m proved slightly a nd she ep no l onger offer the prospect of a

, ,
brilliant ventur e as i n days gone by Ne verthe l ess a ne w for m of i ndustry .
ha s sprung up in the m elting do w n ofsheep for the 1 r greas e , w hi ch has so

,
m uch enhanced the value of the flocks that sheep ha ve risen to $ 2 0 a hea d .
There are grase ria s now establi sh e d in all parts and 1 t m ay be est i mate d , ‘ 1
that sh eep are m elted do w n pe r annu m

The follo w in g co m parative state m ent w ill sho w the steady increase i n
th e export of w ool
Y e ar .
1 86 0 6 1-
1 86 1 6 2 -
1 86 2 6 3 -
1 86 3 6 4 -
1 86 4 6 5 -
1 66 5 66 -
1 8 66 6 7 -
1 86 7 68 -
1 86 8 6 9-
est im ated c l ip ,
sum p E ST ANC IA S . l a
Th e in cr e as e in the exportat ion -

(if sh eepskins has b e en st il l m or e
re m ark able , v iz
,
Y ea r.
1 8 60 6 1-
1 86 1 - 6 2
1 86 2 6 3 -
1 8 6 3 f6 4
1 86 4 6 5 -
1 86 5 6 6 -
1 8 66 6 7 -
1 8 67 6 8 -
It is to b e rem arked that i n 1 8 68 no fe w er t han sixteen n e w tannerie s

w ere established w hic h re duce d t he exporta tion of sheepskins by at lea st
,
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 skins
, ,
.
Sheep estanc ias ar e gen erally s m al l er than those for horned c att le say ,
fro m half a lea gue to four or fi ve square leagues in extent S om e I ris h

- -
.
e st anciero s hav e only half a square l eagu e (say acre s)w ith a stock o f
.
sheep ; o thers have e sta tes of four O r m ore sq uare leagues stocke d . . ,
'
w ith sh eep a nd up w a rds A flo ck usually c ounts to . . ,
sheep a nd is m ana ge d by on e m an on horse back The floc ks of d ifferen t

, . . ,
.
e stan cias and e ve n those o f the sa m e estancia are distin guished by th e

, ,
« se rial » or pec ulia r m ark cut in the ear

,
The pastures of the sh e e p fa rm s .
c onsist of fine grass es w hich in su m m er a re protected by fore sts of

,
.
, ,
gigantic thistle s fro m the s corching hea t o f t h e sun Fron tier lands ar e .
fo u n d unsui ted for sheep till the cours e gra ss es h ave been eaten do w n by
,
c attle There are certai n poisonous herbs such as « rom e 1 il l a » an d

.
,
«m i c m i
-
o w hich so m eti m e s ca use great losse s in flocks
,
» Sheep also die .
fro m eati n g w hite clay or gett ing the leech in l ow m arshy l a nds Th e
, , ,
.
scab i s a great plague to sh ee p far m ers but of late years the applic ation o f -
,
.
extra ct o f tobacco is use d w ith m uch success as a re m ed y

- -
Perez Mendoz a .
rec o m m ends [ ll of tobacco Juice to fi ve qua rts of w ater to be rubbed daily .
to the parts affected or a m ixture of 4 d of grease w i th l tt of turpentine

,
a n d fill of S w edish tar applied in like m anner : for prevention o f th e

,
dis e ase he p re scribe s g oo d p astures clean corrals and w ell vent ilated sheds
G
, ,
.
The pro fi ts of sh e e p fa rm ing are a subject that ha s exha us ted th e

c al culations of the oldest far m ers a n d the ablest e cono m ists in th e country .
A t one ti m e i t w a s g enerally be lie ved that a fl ock of sheep m in ded by the ,
o w ner in p e rson gav e 8 0 or 1 0 0 per cent per ann u m

,
'
The increa se d . .
e xpenses an d depreciation of the currenc y brought d ow n the esti m ate t o

6 0 or 7 0 per cent Subse que ntl v the burthen of n e w ta xes , and declin e
.
16 L IF E mv TH E C AM P .
i nt h e wool m ark ets of t h e worl d ire duce d th e gains t o b ar ely 2 0 p er c e nt

' ‘ '
- ‘
“
f
.
and this is probably the axi u figure that can w

m m m n o be q uoted
—
.
Ne w co m e rs g oing into the sheep business consist o f— l st Men of a

.
up w ards ; 2 nd Those w ho have a fe w h undre d

’
'
’
c a p ital sa y fro m, ,
.
s
p ounds ; 3 rd Thos e w ho have noth ing a t a l l The first cl a s m a y calculate
'
t
.
a s follo w s
Hal f squ are leagu e of l and ,
1 0 0 0 0 sheep at 3 s
,
.
House a nd corral s ,
Ca1 t s h o rses i m ple m ents

, , ,
P1 ov1 s1 ons a n d w ages l st 1 year , ,

1
Th i s w e } gi ve l a rsit ye ar - -
s
of wool at ‘
sheep for gra se ria at 3s .

,
w
at £3 0 ,1
'
v
P ers ona l ex p e nSe s f

' '
Baffié }
,
oooo o '
0
1
£0 " o "o "
10 0 '
0 .
Ne tt .
o : o £ 4 50 '
o 0 e
'
0 0 0
° 1
, 1
L e avmg a nett gain of 9 per ce nt on t he capita l in ve sted inde p e nde nt of

'
t h e i ncr ea s e of t h e fl ock ; an d t his w ill go o1i in (a rithm eti ca l proportio n

'
at t he rat e of 2 0 p e r Cent per annu m " . .
The m aj o ri ty of intending are y oung m e n w ith

f
a sum of sa y £ 3 0 0 a n d the ir be st m ah ner of p roce e din g fis this They

'
'
‘
x
.
, ,
ar ran ge w ith So m e e stan ci er o to buy the h alf a fl ock ; an d e nt er w i t h him a s .
« m ed i anero Thus a sh eep at 3 8 co st £ 1 50 leavin g the re m ainin g

‘
.
,
.
£ 1 50 for the expe nses of th e fi rst year ; the e st anciero s o meti m es g oes half
in th e c ost of ranch o and c o rrals ; he give s t h e «m edi anero » a pie ce o f .
rou d abo t t e « c uadra s» b 1 0 (say 4 0 0 a c res )rent f1 e e Th fl ck wil l

‘
g n u n y e o i
’
co m prise 2 0 0 0 sh e ep the « m edia nero » m indi ng the estanciero 5 half; in
‘
‘
, ,
r e tur nfor t he land This is t h e isa fe st w ay t obegin sh e e p farm ing ; as th e

‘
“
estanc iero gi ve s e ve ry assistan ce to the beginner ; a nd i n th is w ay ,m any ‘
o f our w ealthiest p r oprietors co m me nced life The p art n e rsh ip u sua lly
‘ ’ ‘
lasts th ree years in w hi ch ter m the fl ock : doub les ; a nd th e « m edia nero »
'
,
'
has sh eep o f his ow n a nd l ook s out for a pie c e of re nt e d t la nd

'
‘ ‘
t e "The t erm icme diane ro» signifie s «on ha l v e s, » a sual l

'
w erh eon to se tl .
8
'
e n
’
in TH E C AMP .
can s el do m re c onci l e hi mself to t he ide a of a sk in g a wom an of his ow n

"
'
'
'
p osition to shar e t he rude hom e of ara n cho

'
At present cam p life i s mu ch i m proved in co m parison w ith ten year sago

-
,
R ai l w ays have placed the prin cip al estanci as w ithin a day s jo u rney of to w n
’
,
and th e little com forts or necessaries of l ife are easier pro c ur e d IMb st o f .
the sheep far m ers are sub scribers to so m e of the L ondon or Irish pape rs ,
and the Irish cl ergy men ha v e e stablished lending libraries i n the va 1 ious -
distri cts for t he use of their parishioners In every Irish h ouse too ; is .
,
.
found a tutor w h o teach es the c hildren t he r udi m ents o f education th ese

tutors are paid fro m £3 to
'
a m onth an d treated as a m e m ber o f t he . :
fa m il y for w hich re ason y oun g m e n arriving here w ithout m oney o ften h ir e

,
in this capa city The Irish sheph erds l ivin g w ithin four or fi ve leagues (i f
‘
.
,
a to w n gallop in on S unday m ornings to attend at Mass an d get t heir c opy

, ,
of th e We e k ly S ta nda rd w ith al l the latest n e w sfro m t o w n Those w ho

'
5
"
.
li ve w ithi neasy rea ch of a rail w ay s tation get th e daily p a pers and the
'
' ‘
taste for re a ding ha s wo nde rful l y i n cr eased in th e l a st ife w years The

’ '
'
'
,
.
Irish cl e rgy m e n res id en t in are a l w ay s atte ntive to the spiritua l

'
.
p l
“
w ants of m a il country me n a nd al so a ct a s f riends a n d counsell ors s ince
,
‘
they enj oy uni versa l co nfide nc e It is ri ght to a dd t h at the I rish sheep

'
‘
'
'
.
far m ers are very l ibe ral t o thei r pastors , even in t im e s of co mp a rat iv e
' '
distress " .
i
The S cotch shee p far m s in the south are w el l w orthy of es p ecial notice
'
'
the neatness sty l e and good order both in the estan cia h ous e and all it s
, , ,
b elongings are very pleasing to th e visitor You a re s ure to find al so a

,
.
,
good su pply of books a nd on Sundays the far m ers at te n d their kirk

, ,
,
,
although ha ving to ride so m e lea gues ; The S cot ch w ere a mon g the fir st t o
‘
- i
st art a s sheep far m ers a nd som e of the m to day are richer ev en than t h e
'
- -
,
w ealthiest Irish but their nu m b ers are relatively sm all In the better
, .
class of S cotch and Irish estancia s th e tra veller w ill find all the com fort s
and m a ny o f the l uxuries of c ivili z ed life ; b ut sho uld he b e benighted
and obliged to stop at the hu m bl est ranch o of one or other f of his
country m en he is sure to fin d the w ar m est he arted hospitality ; It is no -
less true that the po orest ga ucho is by nature m ost hospitable ; he w ill gi ve
the strange rthe best h is house can afford and gladly cede his o nly be d t o
'
the w eary trave l ler .
W ithin the last t w o ye ars a nu m ber of c ourageous English m en of go od ,
fa m i l y and educa tion a ud fw ith a ca p ita l of a fe w hundred pounds each ;

h ave establis h ed the m selve s on t h e l n dia n f rontier so m e beyond Azul '
, ,
others in Patagonia w ith the obj e ct of ra ising shee p a nd cattle Nothing ‘
.
,
.
ca n excee d the hardship of such a l ife an d it is not w ithout it s dangers a l so .

,
L AND AND SH EE P
,
on TH E r noa r m n . 19
For i m m igrants of thi s class it m ay be w ell to a dvis e the m tha t the Go vern
m ent of Buenos Ayres gi ves a f ree grant of a square league of land for a
c ertain ter m of years on the expirat ion o f w hich the settler rec eives a right
,
of e p fit e usis » w hich ha s al w ays a m arketable value ; and if the settler

«
,
w ish to beco m e absolute o w ner of the la nd he has the pre ferenc e as a
p urch as er at the pri ce fixe d by l a w and on long cre dits There are al w ays .
m any w ealthy natives o w ning la nd in the frontier p artidos w ho are only t oo ,
anxious to fi nd steady foreigners to t a ke sheep and cattle in p artnership ,
and for this the i m m igrant needs no capi tal The reason w hy foreigner s .
a re in suc h request for this purpose is that natives are liable at any
, ,
m o m ent to be taken up for m il itary s erv ice and th e condition on w hic h th e

,
estanciero rec ei ve s these frontier lands fro m Go vern m ent is to ke ep a h ouse

and certain quan tity of stock on the ground .
Life in th e c a m p ha s a pe culi ar ch ar m for y oung m e n e m ancipated fro m

‘
the o ffi ce des k The free a ir and bo un din g stee d give a n elasticity and
.
vigor both to m ind and b ody that ca nnot be expressed The savory taste
'
o f m eat c ooked o n an « asador » surpasse s the finest c ook ery of E uro pe an

« chefs de cuisine »
- -
The co m plete li be rty of thought and action induce a
.
’
b uoyancy of feeling that co m pensates for all t he ha rdsh ips undergone ; a nd

it is a strange fact tha t yo ung m e n w h o h ave distingu ished the m selves i n
‘
universities a nd ball roo m s get quite an affe ction for ca m p l ife This
- -
.
,
h o w ever wear s off w hen one re aches abo ut 3 0 yea rs of age

,
get tired
o f th e ca m p and its dull m on otony and si gh for the re fine m ent and com fort
,
o f city l ife There are m any pe ople in Buenos Ayre s w ho ar e so disguste d

.
w ith all re m e m bran ces of ca m p life that th ey c an hardly be induced t o

-
'
m ount a hors e or eve n v isit an estanciero fr iend F ortu nes have been .
m ade i n the ca m p and are still to b e m a de in m inding sheep : one thing is

,
requisite the s hepherd m ust stick to his she ep as close as po ssible l ive
, ,
v ery econo m ically a nd abh or th e sight of a « pul p e ria » W e shall n ow

,
.
begin our tour through the partido s beginnin g w ith the no rth and in e very
, ,
instance the distan ce w il l be calculated to the chief to w n or centr e of the

partido .
CHAP . 11 :
{M E i R 1 V , ER I
-
,
N,E s c
rap e s
- F R O M B EL G RAN O
~
. TO ,
SAN NI C O LA S .
Be l gra no .
T H I S partido d ees not prope rly for mone of the c a m p dist ri cts bei ng merel y ,
a suburb of Bueno s Ayre s; a n d as such it has b e en des cribed in Se ction B ‘

.
It 1 8 bo und e d on the No rth and E ast by the Rive i Plate 0 11 the N W by Sa n ,

. .
Isidro an d on the S W by San Martin and F l are s : it c overs t w o squar e

,
. .
leagues The Municipality 1 s co m posed Of s1 x m e m bers and ha s a revenu e

.
of about per annu m The p roperty valuation a m oun ts t o

‘
.
'
against 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 in 1 8 6 2 The st ate schoo l s are att ended "

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’
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.
, ,
by 7 6 boys and 8 9 g irls The l argest land holders are

’
'
-
.
1
c ua dra s: cua dra s .
J a m es W hit e ; 2 78 C olin , 35 .
L . . Ol 1 ve r, 10 0 «
L T o rr e s
.
, 40
L Saa ve dra 11 0 Ta nt il l a n 24
‘
.
, ,
R Seb asti a ni
. 67 ,
C astillo fa m ily , ,
F Pl ow e s
.
,
53 C abrera , 30
M L e bre ro
.
,
23 Mu n ita Bro s , 40
Bia s G onsalez , 80 L G oya .
,
20
P Cal deron
.
,
S cher , 20
Corbalan ,
29 John Malcol m ,
18
There ar e fifty s m al l er chacras m aking w i th th e ab ove a total of , , ,
acres under tillage There are a l so 2 2 7 h andso m e coun try seats , of

.
-
w h i ch
the pri ncipal are
22 m m m vna m n PAR T ID O S .
Th er e are nu m erous h andsom e residen ces surrounded ea ch by a fe w

acre silofi pl easure ground 1 hn
'
d t h c fdl l dwin g are the principa l

-
" ' ’
'
, ,
i
(Na me
.
. 1
'
1 Va l u e . 0 N am e .
T Anch ore na
.
$ 2 5 0 L
Haedo
, , ,
S Cam podonico ,
.
.
Velasquez 1
»
Uribelarrea ,
W ineberg ,
B. Sa e n z V aliente -
2 0 0 00 0 P Anchorena ,
, ,
.
Juan Cane 1 1 1 2 0 0 ,0 0 0
, o l t u a rt e ,
Mrs Ma ck inl a y ,
.
~
3 (iC Sa e nz Valiente 1 .
-
E Marquez ,
.
1 E Anch orena , .
M L e an
‘
, Selaya 10 0 0 0 0 , t ,
P aravici ni ,
“
,
V
Ja m e s Brittain Verne t ,
E l ort ondo , p g L) A .
Amo ng s m al l er h ol dm gs a re t h ose iof 1 Denby Moore Hunt Y a t e ina n ,

’
t .
, ,
prope rt y val uation am ounts r t o 51 6 0 0 0

‘
;
N e l so n : Tor nquist Sinclair an d other foreign re side nt s The ; t ota l
,
a gainst 1 4
, ,
in 118 6 2
' ‘
,
.
.
.
The q uintas a nd chacras are m ostly cul t 1 vate d by Bas qu e s and Italians w h o . ,
m a k e m uch m oney in supplying Bu en o s Ayre s w ith h a y w heat m aize an d

’
, , ,
ve get a b l es About th irty years _a gdthe district w a s m uch infes ted w ith
. ,
g a u ch e high w ay m en The partido for m e rl yi

.c o m p rise d four squar e l e a gues ,
“
b ut on the for m ati on of Belgrano it lost half its terri tory It contai ns at
present 1 50 6 chac ras covering about 1 0 0 0 0 a cres a l l under culti vat ion
, , ,
.
The far m ing stock consists of 4 1 2 6 h orned cattle 1

-
horses 7 6 0 sheep , , ,
and so m e s w ine The populati on of t h e partido is set dow n as follo w s

.
Arge ntines 2 7 9 3 Italians 4 59 Spaniards 2 0 2 Frenc h “ 1 50 Englis h 4 5

There are —
, , ,
Total ,
4 a Jii st ice of Pe ace , 8 Al calde s ,
4 2 pol 1 ce and ,
3 80 N ation al Guards .
The villa ge of S an Isidro w a s founded in th e b e ginm n g of the l ast

’
century and has a very ancient look The churc h stan ds on a high ground ,
, .
w ith a plaz a in front and a fi ne vie w of the coa s t Araujo rela tes that i n ‘
.
,
the year 1 7 0 6 t he inh abi tant s of all the territory ly ing b et w een L a s
,
.
C onchas river and t he Arroyo Ma l don a do bein g destitut e of religious r
serv i ce a gentle m an na m ed Dom ingo Aca suso w ho w as a Spanish capta in

, , , _
and a n at ive of Madrid resolve d to buil d a c hapel here in h onor of St

,
.
Isidore ; for this purpose he en do w e d th e p arish w ith a pe ns ion o f '
a nd a site of ground 3 0 0 yards 11 The chapel w a s inaugurated on

Pe ntec ost Sunday 1 7 0 8 its fi rst curate b eing R ev Fernan do Ru iz Corredor
There are—an inn 3 drap e rsf shops 2 8 s m aller stores a n d abo ut 6 0 0
.
.
,
’
, , ,
inhabitants , w ho h ave a Municipali ty co m p ose d of fo ur me m bers There

.
.
SAN F E RNAND O . 23
i s a good public s chool atten ded by 7 2 b oys a nd 46 girls The Northern , .
R a il w a y pla ces Sa n Isid ro w ithi n an ho ur s j ourney fro m to w n a nd t he ’ ‘
.
,
m orning p a p e rs a r e deli vered in ti m e fe r breakfas t

. The post m aster is , .
-
Don E m ilio Sarra ca n Ther e is no doctor re sident in the pl a ce The b each

. .
offers good bathing bu t it is dangero us to ride alo ng th e coast o w ing t o

,
quic ksands The boundaries of the p art ido are— NE t he R iver Pl at e

.
.
.
,
N W Sa n F e rn a ndo S W Sa n Martin S E: W hite s chacr a (Belgra n o )

'
‘ ‘ ’
. . . . .
, , .
C ont ribncion or prope rty tax 3 6 4 0 0 0 J ustice of Pea ce , Don Manuel ‘
,
, .
O m ar ; Curate R ev Diego Pa l m a ,
. .
S ituate se ve nl ea gues from Buen os Ayres i s l i k e Sa n Is id ro re m ark ab l e

'
.
, , ,
'
'
for qui nta s and cha cras It is bo unded on th e N a ud E by t he Ri ver Plate . . .

‘
on the N W ; hy th e Rio L as Co nch as on the W by Sa n Mzirt in a nd on th e

'
'
'’
. .
, ,
“
a nu m b er (if fer til e isl andsin
'
South by Sa n Isidro
'
'
w hat is c all e d t h e Delta o f t h e ;Pa rz in a S an Fe rnando is i m po r tant n o

"l e ss for its a ricul t ure th an for"
.
,
,
'
its coastin g tra de : it h a s a good and sa fe

' ' '
'
g .
port w here m any ri v er c ra ft p ut in with cargo e s of fi re wood posts 3 20

'
'
' '
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.
, , ,
.
Mr Hop k i ns proje ct of canal isin g t he Ca p it a n w iI1 p rove m os t b en e ficial

'
°
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’
1
n
. . .
,
and a b ran ch rail w ay w i l l be ru n do wn to t he ri v er s side whe re w har ve s

' '
’
’
, ,
"
are already in co nstruction The arrivals in fcoa sting c raft for the y ea r
t .
- .
“
am ount to 2 6 2 vessels w ith an aggre gate of tons car go T he islands
'
. .
a re m ostly i n a high state of cul t i vation h a ving been s eld or ceded a fe w

'
'
,
'
y e ars a go to a n u m ber of indust iion s F re n ch m e n , Basq ue s and S w iss In .
M Brunet s island th ere is co nstan t e m pl oy m en t for over 1 0 0 1abore rs w h o

.
’
,
raise ab undant crops of potato es and other p roducts Su ch is the' '
.
'
extraordinary fertility of t h e se isl an ds that w e are told of pu m pkin s w hi ch

take t w o m en t o ca rry the m and p otatoes w ei gh ing as m uch a s 1 0 th The
'
‘
.
,
quinces also gro w to an enor m ous siz e and the ra p idit y w it h w hich poplars , ,
peaches and other trees spring u p is incredible It i s though t thes e

,
.
islan ds w ould be w ell adapted to the gro w th of rice The islands o f .
President Sar m iento Se nor Pi neyro discu are als o w ell tilled The
'
s
, ,
.
inh ab itants of course go abo ut in b oats and there is a sc hool a ttended by

'
.
,
1 0 0 chil dren w h o travel everyday in t he sa m e m anner

The t ow n t of San F ern ando has inh ab itan ts and t he r est of th e
district but this ca nnot ; b e su p p ose d to include the islanders The .
extent of the p art ido is ab out 2 square leagues oi w hich nearly one
'
h alf is unde r a gricul t ure

,
Th e large st p re p rie t ors are .
94 T HE2 m vnnuvn
'
m a r m os .
Thom as Y a l l e ,
'
'
Anj el Croz a ,
Yba nez ; Crisol ,
’
A Con de p z 1 9 0 ; ooo Li m a
'
.
. . . . .
,
G E spinosa
.
3
, P Vil l a rue l
.
,
Se nor a Castro f 1 8 0 20 0 0 P Vela ,

'
f
.
J usto , P Al m a n dos; 1
George Drabble , .
L Al m andos , 1 .
s ~
'
P ietranera 1 50 0 0 0 , C atelin 20 0 0 0 0 , , ,
J R odrig ue z 1 50 0 0 0 Salguer o 1 50 0 0 0
w
.
, , , ,
,
Th ere are s m aller holdings viz tho se of Russel l Sha Billinghurst ,

.
, ,
Bletcher D e l fiuo F usoni Gl oe de , H u ghes Pringle s a n d other foreign

, , ,
‘
, ,
residents T he total property valuation exceeds

. aga ins t
founded i n the beginningo f the p re sent .
ce nt ury gbut a l a rge r z on e iséabe ing co n str uct e d tn t h e h p l az a tThe re ia re

'
~
r .
.
,
.
t w o good hot el s; a nd om n ib uses (p l y t o t he : ra il w ay st ation z a t t h e e ot e l

‘
'
t s
Natio nal , k e p t the : t raveller ca n tp roe ure horse s aor w
c arri age s {f or 3 e xcursions The c l ub g ive s bal l s “S un day : e ve ning s t

"
r r
‘
in Su m mer “T he t o w nfh a s it s iow n Justice of Pe a ce gan d Mnn icip a ht y , a n d

. .
- ,
boasts a a n apothe cary 2 silv er ,

,
s m iths 3 blacks m ith,5 : 0 arp e nt e rs 1 chan dl ery 3 ta ilors 1 Saddl er , 2 h air

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= ~
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, , , ,
.
tabl e s : 4 draperies 5 2 1 s m all st ore s w a nd :1 8 9 h euse s

‘ -
, ,
.
,
‘
.
Ther e ; are 2 56 ; National Gu a rds a nd sth e police authori ties num be r

~ a
,
'
f
5 Al ca ldes , 2 0 Tenie nte s an d 1 2 police m e n The fa rm in gm t fick oom p r ise s

—
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~
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.
,
4 3 9 co w s 3 3 8 1 ho rse s , 24 4 5 sh e e p l The p op ul at ion re t urn s g ive 3 90 5

'
' ~
-
1
,
Argenti nes l 1 6 , . 4 58 En gl ishg z
Beside s private s chool s th ere a r

. e i t h ose of the Stat e atte n ded by 59 boys ,
,
.
and Sa n Fer nan do h a “

s long b een a f avor ite resort in t he h ot
-
h
season ; a nd si nc e t e; Opening o f “ z "
rail w ay it is p l a ce d w it hin .
'
easy re a ch z of t he toity J hst ice o fx l e a ce ; Don Adol v In siarte ; Cur a te ,

' ’
.
,
.
Re v Bern ard o Re p e tto (Postm aster D e n L uis L a n

. .
,
i '
.
.
L a s Concha s .
Bet w een th e
'
ri
ve rs L uj a n z an d
'
L as Conchas ,
a territory of abbut ‘
six
le agues on ce w as locate d 3the tr ib e z of Gua cun am bis con sisting of six

'
‘ ‘
. .
hundred fam il ies b ut th e e xa ct l oca l ity of thi s Indian se ttlem ent is

’ ’
u nkno w n
" In t e y e a r 1 6 1 4 th e Sp ania rds k e p t a spe cial g ua rd h er e to
: h
.
'
'
-
st op sm uggl i n g from Col on i a ,: a nd in the yea r 1 7 2 0 th e first settle m ent of

' ‘
.
.
the p rese n t it own w a s m ade The p rin cip al landholder a t t hat " t im e : w a s
’
'
Don Jua n Pon ce de Leon, who p ut of h is ow n p ock e t d efraye d the e xp e n se s

26 TH E . nrvnnm n
'
PAR T ID O S .
and on the ri gh t is a ; char m in g cott a ge be l onging to Dr Al va re l l os, a ft e r

'
'
-
. .
whi ch co m e t hose of Ly nch ; Balbin e Ma j e st é a n d Schultz O n t h e : right

'
‘ =
. .
,
is the L avadero of Se nor IZ u m a ra n w hic h does a great bu sines s in

~
w ashin g w ool and sheepskins ; ,

“
next is another cotta ge of t he L y n ch
‘
.
" -
.
fa m ily a nd further is tha t of the only English re side n t 1 n

'
.
, .
thes e pictur e squ e but s w amp y D uring the cholera of 1 86 7 t he

’
, .
Do ctor l e nt g su ch v aluable s ervice gratis that the Mun icip a l ity of L a s

' '
'
~
. .
,
, , ,
C onchas pr e se nted h im w ith a gold m edal Mr La w son s q uinta co m e s ’ ‘

’
. .
. . . .
n ext : all t h e se se q ue ste redz cot tages h ave bathin g houses st a irs down to
'
’
-
,
the and a b oat The Tigre is nav ig able about a j l e a gne

' ’
'
. . ,
’
f urther , but the onl y pla c es w e m eet are J oflii s can e cut t ing e st abl ishm e n t
'
-
,
a nd a deserted ho use t h at w a s buil t a c oup l e of y ear s ago by h alf a doz é n

'
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‘
- -
G er m an cl e rk s a s1 a s um m e r re siden ce , R etur ning to th e Tigre st ation We .

'
.
,
'
r e m ark in its v icini ty the q iiint a s of Ro m ero Ma rt ihé z m nd Ane iso

'
, .
,
.
'
' '
The village o f L a s Coiicha s p re se rve sso m e very anci ent l ooking house s~ '
w ith corridors and re m ind u s of ith e ti m e wh e n t his wa s . i
'
t he li m i t of th e Indian front ie r n brth w ards; iTh e church is '
a n antique porti co : th e al tar and s acri sty w ere p ut up i n the l ast ce n tu ry '
'
, ,
a t t h e expen se of a p i o us l adygnam e d Ma gdal e n a Bon e l o ; a n d t he firs t Mass

'
'
w a s cel eb rated by a fria in ame d Goy t i Th e r e are n umerous quint a s in th e

‘ '
'
al u
neighb ourhood 1 b elongin g t0 th e fol l o w ing farnil ie sé —

" R o cha fBul rich
' ‘ '
'
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.
, ,
C alzadilla C arre ga ; A cu na { Ce be y Castrelo Alc orta Coin i Sch l e e p e r

’ ' ’
, , , , , , ,
Brilli Ace ve z , Arana an d that of Se no r Munoz

'
, ,
i s r e m arkabl y fine
'
ab out h ere is rapid and luxuri ant : i n

.
s um m e r t h e quintas are full of th e ri ch est frui t s an d flo w ers

'
' '
. .
L as Conch as is abo ut 2 11 m iles fro m t ow n and w ill shor tl y b e conn ected

'
With Bue n os Ay re s by t w o li nes cf ra il iva y the W estern br anch l ine w il l

' '
' ’
‘
-
.
start fro m Floresta and cros s the Tigre near th e “ w ooden bridge ; it se em s .
the Northern Rail w ay also p roposes to threw a bridg e o ver to L as Conchas

island an d m ake its ter m inus l ike w is e on the L ux a n ri ver
,
'
Th e pa rtido is subj e ct t o fre q ue n t in un dat ion s being niostl y belo w w ater

'
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.
,
level w hi ch a cc ounts for its a ma z iug fertility It is in t e rse ct e d by t w o

,
‘
.
’
z
l ar ge rivers ; the L ux a n a n d L a s C on chas : T h e for m er ha s its rise in the

’
‘
. .
c a m ps b e yond Me rcedes and t he l a tt e r is for m ed by the confluen ce of the

' '
'
arroy os La Choz a a nd D ura z n o nea r the to w n of Moreno The Ca na da '
,
.
E scobar and arroyos Tigre G a rcia Las T unas ; &c also for m a p art Of the ,
.
,
.
,
w ater s yste m o f L a s C on chas w here t hey unite w ith the Par an a

'
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,
“
The Partido cove rs u t h re e squ are leagues ; w hi ch a re tch ie fly under
- ‘
.
cul tivation The largest landed pro p rietors are J oh n Milberg 1 2 0 0

.
,
-
c uadras , Anj e l Pa ch e co (w hose pla ce is valu e d at an d

‘ ‘
.
x
.
: z a nx r é . f . x 27
Villa m ayor 1 1 88 cuadras these are e s tan cieros ; and the re are nine sm aller
'
'
‘
e stancias The st o ck co m p r ises 6 2 50 co w s 2 6 5 0 horses 5 7 3 3 6 9 sheep
' ‘
'
The b oundaries of th e pa rtido a re—N an d E t h e Pa ra n a S Sa n Ferna ndo

. .
, , , , ,
.
,
.
,
.
a nd
The population is set dow n at includin g 3 7 3 in the village ; the

nationalities are thus distribute d 8 6 2 Argentines Ital ians 1 6 9
'
, , ,
Spaniards , 3 2 French 1 7 9 E n glish and others 1 India n The re are 2 1

, ,
.
g eneral stores ; a l so: a Justice of Peace

. M uni cipal ity of fo ur m e m b ers 6 0 , ,
National G uards 4 Al cal des , 1 7 Tenientes and 9 police m en The State

, ,
.
sc h ool is attended by 2 5 boys and 52 girls The total propert y valuatio n

'
.
is a gainst in 1 8 6 2 Con t rib ue ion or pr op erty .
Justice a n d Postm aste r, D o n D a m aso del Cam po ; C urat e ,

'
’
tax,
Re v G eroni m o Re ba gl iata u
.
Z a ra te .
Sit uate 1 6 lea gues N of Bueno s Ay re s on the b anks o f th e Paran a is

.
, ,
“
t h e fir st sh e e p fa rmin g district w e m eet It w as for merly part of the .
C apilla del Se nor t ill 1 8 56 The land 1 8 very high and i ll suited for sheep
,
.
-
,
but goo d for grain crops Of late ye ars the plantatio n of ce real s h a s been
.
a ctively increased and w e fin d a large n u m ber bf cha cr s

,
The Partido IS a .
supposed to cover 2 0 square l eagues : th er e are 59 estan cias an d 1 40 til lage

'
far m s Th e l and of the for m er is v alue d at $ 60 0 00 0 that o

. f th e chacras ,
.
at nearly doub l e this figure p er s quare league The t otal extent u nder ,
.
3
t illage 1 s 2 0 0 0 0 ac res ,
.
The prin cipal estancias a re .
L m a e. S L e ag u N mé . es a .
“
L i m a fa m il y
, ,
4 Murray ,
L atorre fam ily ,

3 Gelves
, ,
Insua ,
3§ Her m ida ,
Soler ,
It C astex ,
Ace be y , } Puj ol 1
,
S aavedra R om ero
”
,
2 ,
J Fox
.
,
7
;; Ba rrios fa m ily , ,
J Celery
.
, 1}
The esta ncias of Li m a an d Saavedra occupy the « rin con » for m ed by th e

con fl uence of th e Arec o river and Ca nada Honda w ith that branch o f th e
Pa ra n a called Rio de Baradero The L a Torre property i s call ed L a s .
Pal m as fro m an ol d J esuit establish m ent of the sa m e n a m e w hich existe d

,
here in the last century : t h e r uins of the ch a p e l of th e Fathers are still to -
b e seen ; there a re also a fine p l antation of « tala » and a n exc e l l ent port fo r
28 TH E m vnnm n
‘
PA R T ID O S .
oastin g t The l nsua e st a ncia i s S E of t he rive r of «Areco an d

affic ; ?
‘
c r i f '
‘
. . .
,
" “
re ch s t the bou nd ary of Capilla de l Se nor Mr s F ox s p l ace is c l ose to
a e o ’ ' ’
‘
:
’ '
-
. .
t he Arr 0 y0 Pesquer ia ; ab o ut t w o
'
of l ar at e
‘
The to w n although d riv e r z p orrt

‘ '
The Irish p opul a tion i s about 1 0 0

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"
.
, ,
“
is very po or having only t h re e houses v alu ed over $ 6 0 0 0 0 f: t hese of
‘
, ,
Silvano S oler and Saavedra Don Const ancio Silvano o w n s ni ne houses

‘
, , .
h is property is valued at IMrs Cul l e n h a s a lso a h ouse :

'
‘
‘ '
Th e im p orta nce of Z a rate consists i n its ri ve r t rade and d urin g th e

'
c '
P aragua yan w ar it w a s th e gre at p Ort for sh ip p irig h brse s for h e adqu art ers
- '
s .
Th e steam ers up a nd dow n the river call here t w ice a fiwee k each w a y The
’
' ‘
"
'
'
.
Italian b oat m en do La : l aige b usine SS1 in: fire w ood c h arcoal an d nanduba y
,
t
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,
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post s‘ Zarate pr obably t akes it s n a m e from the Vice roy Z arat e a nd ther e ' '
1 .
-
. .
,
are still n u m bers of the inhab itants w ho be ar t h e : sam e na m e Th e t ow n . . .

'
has a n e w chur ch a State s chool 4 billiard roo m s 3 inns 2 0 shops , an d a

, ,
-
, ,
coc k pit It stands on a ba rranca l 6 0 feet over the river and the
.
‘
port is in l ow m arshy ground , w he re Sig S il vano h as b uil t a w har f ; a The . . .
sta t e s choo l 1 5 atten ded by 5 3 boys and s e m a n u mber of g irl s Za rate has , .
a Justi ce o f Pea ce Municip ality , ; 4 Al c al de s 1 6 Teni en te s, 10 p olice men ,

, ,
and 4 7 0 National G uards The population of the dis tri ct IS re turned a s .
Ar gentin es 3 1 8 5 Ger m ans 5 Spaniards 4 9 French 7 2 It alian s 8 6

, , , , ,
3 9 ; total 3 of t his nu m be r the to w n h as abou t 7 0 0 There are 8 3 6 .
hou ses in the p art ido The stock is estim at ed at 3 2 139 c o w s

[
w ,
' ,
h orse s , sheep and 6 ,6 7 9 s w ine The laud e d p rop e rty is v al ued at,
.
a gainst in 1 8 61 The prin cip al ch acra s a re th ose of .
Anta Ace be y Conde Ba l vida re s Ga e t a n Pala cios Sosa Si l va no V i dal and

, , , , , , , , ,
Z arate Post m as ter D L uis S Ma rtinez : A fe w l e a gue sbe l ow Z arate i s

.
-
,
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'
Port Ca m pana w h ere Dr Costa h as a firie estan cia Near this p oint s everal
, . .
.
a fll u e nts fall into the Paran a; Arroyo Rom ero a nd L a Cruz

' '
r
'
,
Arroy o d e Monj an a nd th e Pe squ eri a T he ri ver Areco a nd Ca nada H onda

'
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’
e m pty t heir w aters a little ab ove Sa a ve dra s estan cia So m e of the
'
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i slands f rontin g Z arate are settl ed on w ith cat tl e a n d she e p far m s This
'
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,
bra n ch o f the Parana is ca 11e d « de l as Pa l m a s , » fro m the old Jesuit p ort

'
. ~
.
above m entioned -
Coht ribucion tax . Curate , Rev N icolas ,
.
Aque ron e ; Justice D on Ro m ulo Nazar ,

.
Ba ra de ro .
Sit uate 2 7 aagu

il c
" ’
'
e s Nu o f Buenos Ayres is a 1
l arge 3 *sh e e farm ing
p
-
' '
o
; ,
depa rt m ent , w ith a sup e rficie s

‘
io f 41
'
square league s " :

30 T HE RI V ERINE PAR T ID O S .
Baradero o w es its i m p o rta n c e to the S w iss Co l ony e lst abl ish e d here i n
’
1 8 5 6 w hich ha s bee n so prosperous that so m e of the co loni s ts h av e

,
a m as sed as m uch as £ 8 0 0 0 sterling and others al m ost as large fortunes , , .
These industrious settlers arrived h e re w ithout a sh illin g and fortunately -
m e t a good friend and prote ctor in Colonel Gainz a w h o induced th e ,
M unicipal ity to grant th e m cha cra s of 3 cuadras each at a n om inal pri ce .
The y ha ve about a cres under ti lla ge and supply the various ri ver ,
p orts w it h b utter potatoes , &c (For full d e tails of the colony se e

,
.
p ag e 3 1 Se ct ion A )
,
.
'
Baradero is one of the oldest t ow n sjin the province it w a s founded in

1 6 1 6 by th e venerable L uis Bol a nos a Fr anciscan friar w h o acco m pani ed , ,
St Fran ci s Sol ano in his perilous m issio ns a m ong t h e Guarani Mbiguay ,

.
,
The ch ap e l l w a s de di cated to St Ja m es and Pa dre

’
a n di Cha n a s Indians .
.
.
,
V a l divia b eca m e its first curate in 1 6 28 ; so m e ti m e later the parish w a s

i n corporat e d w ith th at of Arre cife s b1it again resto re d m 1 7 8 1
.
, .
so ancient it i s a poor vil l age the re being only nine ho uses valued at
, $ 5 0 0 0
, 0 , ,
v iz , those o f Alsina Basa bil va so} Cabriott i, Casco Fru m ento Fal conieri
J .
.
, , ,
hl on sa l vo ; oPige ro , m ud ;P uppo Post m aster D on Juan Antonio A l onzo .

-
, .
The Municip al it y scqm me nce d in 1 8 5 9 a large s chool house on th e b arra n ca

‘
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,
w hi ch re m a ned m a n vy e a rs u n fi nish e d but t h e Govern m e nt h as n o

i w i ven
’ '
y g , .
$ 2 0 0 0 0 0
,
fo r i t s c
J
om p letion a nd
,
it is intended m oreo ver t o re ceive , , =
, ,
b oarders fro m the n e igt ring districts ; The popu l ation of the partid ois
se t do w n thus — fi Arge nt ine s Ger m ans 2 8 2 Spa niard s 9 0 Fren ch , ,
English 9 5 Itali a ns 2 42 others 2 0

,
The re are 1 3 9 houses an d
,
’
7 8 0 rancho s in cl udin g a n apothe cary s shop 2 inns 1 0 draperies 3 5 stores
'
, , , , ,
3 bri ck kil n s and several ti m b er yards

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,
The state sch ool i s attended by -
.
- '
1 2 2 boys and 6 4 girls b esides w hi ch there are pri vate s chools attended by
, ,
6 1 boys and 59 gir l s

,
T he land in thi s partido is considered very good for
.
=
sh e e p fa rm in g although only valued at ,

a league It i s so thickly .
s ettled on that it w ould b e diffi cult to fin d any to rent or buy The Irish
,
'
.
far m ers have prosp ere d here and their nu m bers greatly increase d durin g ,
the last ten years The l anded pr operty is val ue d a t . a gai nst
in 1 8 6 2 The parti do is w el l w atered by the Arre cifes river
.
,
a n d Ca nada Honda besides having a considerable front on the R iv er Paran a

,
.
The stea m ers cal ] at Ba ra de ro t w ice a w eek each w a y '
The M unici p ality ,

.
consis ts of 6 m e m bers : there are also a Justice of the Peace , 1 4 A lcaldes

and Tenien tes 1 4 police m en and ,
National Guards The p ort ,
.
return s Sh ow 3 43 vessel s w ith a n aggrega te of 4 2 0 5 tons for the year ,

.
Municipal inco m e , $ 2 40 0 0 0 ; Cont 1 ibucio11 or proper ty tax 3 80 0 0 0 In , , ,

.
1 8 6 7 th e Prov in c ia l Bank e sta bl 1 she d a branch at Baradero for this district

3 1
'
' '
and t he j
a d oining one s o f Zara t e and Cap illa de l Se nor ,
w ith a capital o f
R ev Franc is c o
'
J ust ice, D on C arlos Lynch ; C urate

'
.
,
'
Bi a n ch i .
Sa n Pe dr o;
S ituate 3 1 lea g ue s N o f Bueno s Ayres i s another fin . e sh eep far m ing ,

-
district w ith an area of 5 2 square lea gues It c o m prises 6 3 estancias of

,
.
,
w hich the follo w ing are the principal

N m a e. S Le gu N m . a es a e .
Lla vallol ,
3 G Palac ios .
,
Jos e Ca stro
'
,
2 3; Quiroga ,
L orenz o G o m ez Urrac o
,
.
,
.
Luis O bliga do 23 L asern a

, ,
Pastor Obl 1ga do , 25 Vill ar ,
Manuel C ob o 2 ,
R uiz Dia z ,
Bruno Ca stro ,
L eslie ,
2 Pic A costa ,
La pri da 1 R oq ue Palaci o s
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, ,
Vi lla l on , 1 Ru iz Moreno ,
Magal l anes ,
1} 1
There are also fo ur Irish estan ci as tha t of Mr John tHa rr ing ton being
'
.
,
w ell laid o ut ; th e oth er s are those of Luke Doyle T W he e l e r and Tho m a s ,

.
,
F allon Besides these there ar e nu m erous other I rish farm ers m ostly on
. ,
r ented ground all doin g w ell viz : Michael D o ghe rt y J Kehoe Tho m as
, ,
.
,
.
,
Young Mi chael McD ona l d J Cronin and the Messrs F in ne ry w ho hav e

, ,
.
,
.
,
or sheep each The land is valued at .

p e r lea g u e
to t al valuation a gain st i n 1 86 2 ; Cont ribucion
There are thre e square lea gu es of publi c or m un icip al land s
' ’
, ,
and the Municipal ity s eeks to fo rm a col ony l ike tha t of Ba ra dero in ,
« c hacras » of 1 2 a cres ea ch The returns o f stock she w . cow s , ,

‘
horses fine shee p , m e stiza do , c reole do , ,

. .
and pigs .
'
The Leslie estancia called E strella de l Norte m ay b e considered the
, ,
m odel one of the north as regards elegance co m fort and go od order ,

The ,
.
h ouse is a hands om e residen ce and stan ds on a r ising ground surrounded , ,
w i th pleas ure gardens and the a c co m m odation s are in keeping w ith the
-
, .
hospitable character of its o w ne r There is a good portion of ground .
u nder tillage an d th e estan cia ha s per m anent w ater be ing he u nde d by th e

, ,
A rrec ifes r iver : the stock of sheep is l a rge a n d of superio r quality the ‘
’
p eon s huts are neat E ng li
s h c abins ,
th e w orkshops of the e stablish m en t
32 TH E n ivnnm n r m r m o s .
are l a rge a n drful lyi fitte d ;w ith p resses fo rge and e ve ry gre quisit l or
‘
. i
, ,
ba l iug th e w oo l ; o n the Spot p re vl ous to ship m ent 1 1 T her e are spaci ous 0
,
.
, , : .
sh eds for rearing of fin e she ep storing hay & c and for t h e shear ing of , ,
.
,
the flocks The cattle far m IS at the old estancia house near the Ar1 e cife s
.
-
,
river The estan cia for m s a « rrn con » b et w een th e Tala an d Arre cife s
. «
ri vers The L l ava l l ol e st a ncia h as a p a rt on the Parana at th e m outh of; a

.
, ,
strea m call ed L as Herm an as w here the stea m ers call : this is another fine , , ,
establish m ent the o w ner being a w e al thy Spanish m e rch a 11 t w h o h a s

, , ,
spa re d no expen se in all m odern i m prov em e nts A fe w le a gues lo w er .
do w n 1 8 the O bligado estan cia w here Ros as va inly a tte m pted t o c l ose t h e ,
’
Para n a agai nst the Engl ish a n d F re n ch fleets D on Pastor O bligado w a s .

'
.
the first cons t a t ion aL Gove rn or ofx Bue rios Ayres after th e fall of Rosas t . : .
there are sever a l Irish f ar m ers on his est a ncia O pposite t o O blig a do is a . .
large island called L as L e chiguan a s n ea r this is a pass called Tonelero

'
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,
.
and the Arroyos E s p inill o a n d C ueros debouch a little l ow e r doW 11 The ' '
v '
.
.
,
bo undarie s o f San Pedro are —N} the Par a n a and R a m allo W Ra m allo S
,
.
.
, .
Baradero a nd E th e Pa ra na . .
The to w n o f San Ped i o is large b ut built in a st 1 a

ggl ing m a nne r al m g
=
,
the barranca w hich co mm ands a panoram ic v ie w of the Pa ra n a a n diit s

,
.
.
n u m berless islands There are so m e 3 0 g ood shops and an in n is kept by .

,
D om Ma rt in Pa gardo y (agent for the S ta nda rd) w here ho rs e s ca n also b e

'
-
. .
proc ur e d The t ow n h a s also a ch u 1 ch ; state schools a gra se ria for m elti ng

‘ '
.
,
do w n sheep t w e resid e nt do ctor s several brick kilns and

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l . : -
, .
, ,
inhabitants The Re v J ohn B L e a h y f l rish curat e is about t o establi sh a g

'
-
'
. . z i
,
library for t he use iof h is countr y m en o f t hi s distri ct w ho nu m ber w ith

’
.
Q
,
.
,
th e ir fa m ilies about 13 0 0 0 so ul s F ather L e ahy h as a l so ft o a tten d his

-
. . . ;
count i m e n i n the distri c t s of 1 Ar rec i fes iPe r a m i 1 a nd Sa

n Nicolas
‘
y n o ,
s e
.
,
e m bra cin g a territo ry of n early: 3 00 0 sq uare miles : The to w n of Sa n .

,
'
Pedro h a s; 8 6 rateable h ouse s t l1 e be st b ei ng those of Ma m be rt o Molina ,

.
’
. , ,
Pal acios , Ban e g as Urre t a j Q11 iroga Aguirr e ;Te l ech e a , , , , ,
Pard o L antero Ga ffe rot ; Cam e l in o Arrj e t a Aiicse

'
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, , , , ,
Be l iz an Magallane s Bianc ardi , R u bio V illar Ruedas Pared es Sol e r an d

, , , , , , ,
»
'
Quirog a the h ouse p rop e rty of the to w n is Va lue d a bo ut
'
. .
,
Th e population of the dis tric t is r eturned t h us Arge nt ine s En g l i sh ~
3 40 fl tal ia n s 1 8 2 Span iards 1 5 0 Fr e nc h

,
Ger m ans 7 ot l 1 e rs 6 3
, ,
.
, ,
9 5 4 ranchos , and 1 8 9 cha cra s .

s
.
The ll l un icipa l ity ; cons ists of s e ven m e m bers be sides w hich there are —a
i ,
, ,
J ust ice of Peace , c urate 9 Teni e ntes 1 1 p ol ice m c11 , a nd 63 8 ,

.
,
.
,
National G uards at San , Pe droy a l most d ail y, The port ;

.,
'
re turns for 1th e ~

ve sse l s w ith a n aggregate 0 6 3 9 94 ; to ns . .
,
34 TH E R I V ERINE P AR T ID O S .
extre m ely dangerous even in the dry season Mr Booth e h a spl a ced t h e
’
»
.
. .
district under great obligat ion s by keeping a canoe a t the pa ss for t h e ‘ .
con vie n ce of travelle rs but fre q uently th e cano e ha s been s w ept a w ay by

.
‘
the torrent s Land in this district is n ow scarc e b ut a fe w y e ars a go

’ '
;
. .
,
sh eep p uestos could b e had at a very m oderate rate .
S a n N icol a s .
S ituat e 4 5 lea gues N W of Buenos Ayres is a n i m portant a gricultur a l ,
d istrict contiguo us w ith the frontier of Santa F e Be fore the for m ation of
,
.
R a m allo into a distin c t partido San Nicolas had an area of 3 8 squar e ,
l eagues containing 1 7 0 s m all estan cias a n d 6 5 1 chacras : of the latter onl y

,
1 2 0 are rateable The chief esta ncias are .
S L gu N m . ea es . a e.
1 9
A cevedo , 1 Rol da n ,
L eonar do Pereyra I} Fernandez

‘
'
.
,
Inocencio Pi co , 1 N G uerri co .
,
1
Ra m os ,
2 Insa urra l de ,
M achado ,
Barrer a ,
Diego Alvear 5: J ose Roj o

.
{ ,
L
M Guerrico Ca st illo 45
are not ’m a ny fo rei gn sheep—
,
.
,
-
fThere .
far m er s oth er than Tait ; Sav age , ,
Sti ckney Pe arson Barry Ne a l e Brothe rsf

'
Box w il l Mrs ,
-
.
, , ,
.
th e total I rish population doe s not exce ed 1 0 0 The e stan cia la nds a re .
“
valued at
'
p e r l e a g ue Th e returns of stock ar e co ws
‘
.
,
horses fin e sheep m estiza do creole do

'
’
.
, ,
.
, ,
a nd
The a m ount o f land under t illage is m or e than acres , a nd t h e

'
princi pal chacras are

Na m e. C ua dr as
Pi neyro ,
L up io Mansi lla 300 ,
F Ro bl e s
. 2 85
,
L af uente 1 92
,
Salinas ,
2 12
Seg Garcia
. 120 ,
J ose R uiz 12 4 ,
Machado , 60
T he cha cra lands are val ued at 3 2 2 50 0 0 0 per s quare league a n d , , , ,
al though o ccupyi ng b arely one tenth , they represent a t l eas t half the -
l anded va l ue of the p artido .

N I C O LA S . 35
The city of San Ni colas is a po rt of _so m e im portance about 1 4 lea gues ,
ab ove San Pedr o : it is t h e se cond to w n in the p ro n nce o f Buenos Ayres ,
w ith a p opulation o f n ea rly soul s ; it has 3 50 rateable ho uses 2 5 ,
dry goods sto re s 1 0 5 s m aller sho gs a ch urch s ta te s ch ool s a m ill (th e

-
, , , ,
property of Mr Ar m strong ) a gra se ria (belonging to M r H ale ) an d

.
,
.
,
so m et im es a s m all ne w spaper published w eekly The bes t houses a re .
those of— F Gonsalez C erruti Ponce Busta m a nte Contrer a Gij e n a

.
, , , , , ,
Ira urra l de R Gonsalez Figueroa Ba sald ua Ra m irez Ech e ga ra v l bia i

,
.
, , , , ,
L atorre Ba ro )lallon D a com bs Ba q ué Fe rn and ez Al ca rse s Salina

, , , , , , , ,
Mansilla Boca Al e a r as C abez as Po m bo A Martinez P Martinez a n d

, , , , ,
. . .
,
C a se na ve all w hich are assessed fro m

, up w ards The hous e .
property of th e to w n is valued at
There are distinct J ustices of Pea ce for the ci ty of San Nicolas and its
rural district There is al so a Crim inal tribuna l here for the North er n
.
d istricts The Prov inc ial Ba nk established its first br a nch in this to w n in
.
,
1 8 6 3 : the regul a tions are si m il ar to those of the pare nt establish m ent .
S a n Ni colas is styled « de los Arro vos because situate bet w een the Ra m all o ,
1)
strea m an d Arroyo de l Me dio w h1 ch latter is the boundary bet w een Bueno s

Ayres a nd Santa F e The bo und aries of Sa n Nico l a s a re—the P a ra n a on
,
t he N and E the A rroyo del Me dic on the N W and W a nd th e R a m allo o n

. .
, . .
,
t he south After the dis astrous b attle of C epeda i n 1 8 5 9 th e infantry o f

.
, ,
Buenos Ayres m ade an orderly retre at on this to w n and e m ba rked here for ,
the c a pital The San Nicolas battalion w as accide n ta lly blo w n up a fe w da y s

.
l ater in the port o f Buenos Ay res o n b oard the Ha velo ck stea m er ,

.
Not w ithstanding the ele vated si tuation of the to w n it suffered m uch durin g
the cholera of 1 8 6 7 6 8 perhaps o w ing to the uncleanly condition of the
-
,
stre ets The popula tion of the to w n a nd distri ct are set do w n thus
.
A rgentines Ital ia ns 6 0 8 Spania rds 58 2 French 4 99 E nglish 5 1 , , , ,
Ger m ans 2 8 Indians 2 others 2 6 7 —total

, There are houses
, ,
and 7 9 6 ranchos The Mun icip a l itv c onsists of 1 2 m e m bers ; there a re 1 6

.
Alcaldes 4 2 Tenientes 2 0 p olice m en an d

, National Guards Sa n , ,
. .
N icolas posse sses great a d va nge s as a port st ea m ers and coastin g vessel s ,
-
call in g h e re d a ily the landing place be ing about half a lea gue bel o w th e
,
to w n ; nevertheless its progress is not so rapid as that of the inland shee p

far m ing districts Th e state sch ools are attended by o n l y 1 0 0 bo y s a n d 8 1
.
-
girls The telegraph line f ro m Bueno s Ayres t o San Nicolas has b een
.
-
recently co m pleted and w ill b e prolonged to R osario The tot al valuation .
of landed a nd ho use pro perty both for the to w n and th e r ural di stri c t -
a m ounts to 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 a g a inst , i n 1 8 62 Contribu cion

, , .
,
The port returns she w — 1 8 2 1 v esse l s w it h a n ag g regate o f to ns .
N )
J J
TH E RI VERINE PAR T ID O S .
Ther e i s a c l ub house facing the p ublic squa re which a ffords hote l

'
,
‘
a cco m m odation to travellers The s q uare i s neatly laid out and w el l

’
k ept : a t ti m e sa b a nd plays in the evening s At C a t a n e o 5 store is th e ’

.
S ta nda rd agen cy ; strangers w i l l o btai n w hate ver local in for m ation they '
m a y req uire ; also horses and g uides S an Nicolas w a s so long and so

.
freq uently the h eadquarters of t he Buenos Ayres ar m y th at at on e period

it boasted of a v ery re sp e ct abl e t i ade but to day half the fi ne h ouses l n t h e
,
-
streets are shut up an d the pla ce presents the m ost fallen a spect The
,
.
la nd sare consid ered as pe cul iarly adapted f or w heat and m aiz e far m s .
About 2 m iles S of the to w n w a s the e n ca m p m ent of G eneral Mansilla ,

.
“
d urin g th e ti m e of Rosas In for m er ye ars a saladero w a s w orked t o ‘
a dva ntage near th e port : it w a s o w ne d by M e ssrs Gar ci a a n d Botet . A .
large b arra ca is ke p t by Don Segundo Garcia for re ce iv ing h ides and w ool
'
, .
'
‘
F i e igh ts to Buen os A y res o w ing to the river navigatio n are u sually very
, , _
che a p ; p i oduce should n ot be shipp ed w ithout ins ura nce .
S an Nicolas i s abo ut 1 0 l e ag ues N E of the battle field of Cepe da 5 E of

. .
,
.
Pavon 1 S o f the Ai roy o del M edio 1 3 N E of Pe i gam in o and 1 6 N of

,
.
,
. .
,
.
”
Ar re cifes Inst ice o f P e a ce D r Diaz Herrer a Curate Re v Bartolo meo

.
,
.
,
.
Cerr u ti ; P ost m ast er , D Leon or San chez

. .
O R TH ER N P AR T ID O S
’
38 m
‘
N .
distri ct but there is a large n u m b er w ho h ave rented land and the tota l
, ,
Irish populatio n is fully 3 0 0 : they are visit ed by Rev J O Be il l y . .

’
,
w h o reside s at Villa L u x a n G reat inj ury to far m ing i nterests i s .
c aused by the infi nitesi m al divisi on of estancia l a nds a s happens in this ,
partido it is not u n co m m on to find a « p a ss ano » w ith a n estan cia a lea gue

in len gth but s o n arrow th at he has to b ui ld his house side w ays on h is
,
’
land ; of course his cattle graze on his neighbors la n ds and the la w s afford ,
l ittle or no re m edy Mr Peter Healy h ad until re cen tly a v ery fine

. .
« c aba na » of priz e she ep o n the road leading to the Capilla The sto ck o f
,
.
the partido co m prises c ow s horses 4 52 fin e sheep , , ,
m estiz a sheep creole sheep , pigs This is a n a verage of 6 0 0 .

,
co w s 3 0 0 horses a nd
, sheep to the square league The total a m ount
,
.
of land under ch a cra cultivation is about 8 0 0 cuadra s or a cre s Th e , .
estancia l a nds are valued at p er l eague the chacra lands at ,
The total landed val uation in cl uding the v ill a ge is , ,

‘
aga inst in 1 8 6 2 Con t ribucion tax .
The offi cial retur n s of popul ation ar e —Argen tines 3 7 8 3 Fren ch 2 1 8

,
, ,
I talian s 1 0 8 E ngl ish 9 7 Spaniards 1 0 5 others 2 —total There are

'
, , , ,
1 0 3 houses and 6 0 2 ranchos in cluding 8 dry goods stores and 3 1 othe r ,

-
s h o p s Besides the J ustic e of Peace and curate there are a m uni cipality
. .
of 6 m e m bers 3 al caldes 1 0 t enientes , 1 2 poli ce m en and 3 50 National

, , ,
G uards .
The villa ge of Pil a r has i nhab itants and i s a neat little pla c e , ,
situat e on the L ux a n ri ve r w hich is crossed by a fin e bridge b uil t by Hunt ,
S chroe der ; this bridge is ho w ever , at t i m es al m ost i nac ces sible o w ing , ,
to the marshes a l l a round The village stands on a h igh ground a n d has a

‘
.
plea san t l ook T he n e w ch urch h as a tu rre t visible for sever a l leagues in

. .
e very direction The streets are t w elve in n u m ber but not all b uilt on ;
.
,
m any of the houses are very good the best b eing those of E chegaray Melo , , ,
C astro Burgos Benitez Borde n a ba Basab e Franco G on salez L a ba l l e n

‘
, , , , , , , ,
L op ez L ue x e s N avarro Ot a ra n Ponce Quinteros Be gue y ra Rodriguez

, , , , , , , ,
R iva da ve ria Silva a n d Visca y a r

, T he place boasts 3 i nns
,
doctors 3 .
, ,
"
schools a n d a m ill ; coaches p l y daily to a nd fro m Mo reno station o n the

,
W estern R ai l w ay There are t w enty six cha cras in the vicinity of th e

.
-
v illa ge w here w heat and m a iz e a re cultiva ted

,
There i s one sq uar e ‘
l e a gue o f m unicipal or public l an ds bet w een the Arroyo Es cobar a nd the

~
, , ,
L ux a n ri ver Al th ou gh thes e rivers are of per m anent w a ter in dr y

.
, ,
seasons a drought is often fel t w here th e lands are high and dusty It i s . .
d iffi c ult to procure land i n this partido The boundaries are— ou the n orth .
the Paran a and C a pilla del Se nor on the w est L u ran , on t he south Moreno , ,
C AP 1 m m DEL 5 5 11 0 11 . 39
a nd
on the ea st San Fernando and L as C on chas Th e st ate school o f Pil ar
'
is attende d by 7 0 boys a nd 6 8 girls M unicipal reven ue .

,
J ustice of Pe ace Don A lej a ndro Diaz Franco ; C urate Re v S G uridi ;

, ,
. .
P ost m a ster ; Sor Ghigl ia z z a . .
Pilar is four leagues N E of L ur an 5 N of Moreno 6 W of L as .

, .
,
.
C onch as a nd 9 E of San A ndres de G iles

,
. .
Cap il l a de l Senior .
Situate 1 4 l eagues N W of Bueno s Ayres ha s a n a re a of 1 8 s quare .

,
l e a gues an d contains 4 3 estancias and 49 cha cras : of the for m er the

,
.
p rincipal a re
N am e . 8 L e agu es N m . . a e.
C osta ,
. Sos a fa m ily , ,
Mrs D e l a m ore
. 2 P Pugh s he irs
,
.
’
,
J oh n Fox , 1 Diaz fa m il y, ,
J a m es Sc al ly 1 Morales
, ,
Ja m es Gaynor
- 14 C astro fa m ily
, , ,
J ohn O Brie n ’
7} Mrs Cullen (T Fallo n),
, . .
E d w ard L ennon Har rin gton , ,
Man agua , g P Bustos .

,
Mrs Tor m ey ;
.
a J C a st ro .
,
Borbon , fi Melo fa m ily r

, ,
Be n L y nch
-
.
} , 1
This par tido is quite an l rish settle m en t our c ountry m e n o w ning h a l f th e ,
l anded property an d m ost of the sheep ; th e total nu m ber of Irish ex cee d s

There are fe w district s in w hi ch they have be en m ore s uc ces sful
t han h ere and the lands are w ell adapted for sheep far m ing
,
The Cullig a n -
.
e stancia at Monte Nadal is not included in the above list ; it i s a lso a a fine ,
p roperty T he partido i s w atered by the C a nad a de la Cruz and its

.
“
a fll ue n t s the Arroyos R o m ero an d Mon salvo

,
The returns o f stock are .
,
"
co w s h orses , fine sheep m est iz a do , , ,,
c reole do pigs This is an average of 8 0 0 horses co w s ’
,
. .
, ,
a nd she ep to t he square league .
The a m ount of cha cra l a n d un der c ultivation is very large : there ar e n o

e xa ct ret urn s but w e m a y e sti m a te the are a at m or e th an a squ a re league
-
, ,
t h e princ ipal cha cr a s being thos e o f Avalos A guilar Al y a re z Reli e ra , , , ,
Burgue no Barrios Basabe Casc o Diaz Fragosa Ja m es F ox G utierrez

, , , , , ,
1
, ,
H arr in gton M artinez , O rte ga Pacheco Ponce Roldan » R o m ero , Sos a,

, , , ,
‘
40 TH E N O R TH ER N : PAR T ID O S .
Santellan Salaberry Ta p ia Toledo Tavares an d Urse l e y The land for

, ,
-
, , ,
.
e stan cias or chacras is un iform l y val ue d a t f sq uar e l ea gue -

.
The tot al va l uat ion is a gainst in 1862 Cont ribucion .
t ax Thi s p artido is o fficially called Ex a l t a cicn de la Cr u z but -

,
b etter k now n by the n am e of « th e Ca pilla : the b oundaries are —N Z ar ate

. . .
,
W t he r i ver s of Are co a nd
. L ux a n a n d E Pilar Th e re i s a ,
. .
b rid ge over the Are co r iver at Paso d e So sa near Mrs D e l a m ore s es tancia ,
.
’
.
Many of the Irish estan cia s are co m fortable w ell arr an ge d establish m ents ,
-
,
'
and the qual ity o f sheep is very fi ne L ands cann ot b e obtained here at
'
‘ ‘ ’
a ny pri ce and the general character of t h e n eighbo urh ood is one of

,
p erse vering and prosperous ind ustry T h e lands b el o n ging to ; Irish m en .

'
e X ce e d 7 squa re lea gues ac res in e x t e nt a nd r e p re se nt

'
_ u
, ,
at th e Govern m e n t valuation A dd to this sh e ep and

'
,
.
w e shall h ave so m e idea of the success of our hard w ork ing c ountr y m en ;
'
- -
:
a l l t h e above n a m ed w ealthy estanci eros arrive d i n this country w ithout a
~ -
s hillin g , fro m 1 0 to 2 0 years a go .
Th e vill a ge of the C a pilla h as 1 1 52 inh abitants w ith state s ch ools

?
, ,
-
,
church j uz gado several good sh ops bi ick kilns an English

, , Irish , ,
c urate , a p othe cary 5 shop a nd 5 2 rated h ouses of the s e latt er the bes t
’
, ,
are thos e of— L am arque Larr osa Mrs Tor m ey ; Juan S oran o P adi n Perez, ,
.
,
‘
,
O rdo Mol in a re s In sua u l ba rra Iriz a F urco Bar 1 ios a nd Arias A h ouse
, , , , , ,
.
1
'
h as b ee n purcha sed by t h e iIr ish farm ers for the re sidence of their curate
‘
:
’
T he n e w chur ch has been built i n great m e a sui e by the liberality of th e

I rish sheep far m ers ; the w ork s w ere sole m nly inaugurated in 1 8 6 6 by
‘
Ar chbishop Esc a lada and G overn or lat e M1 Tor m ey had th e .
i ntention of building a ch a p el on his ow n e stancia for the i m m ediat e

n e ighbm s but co uld n ot ob tai nth e nec e ssary e c cle si astical per m ission
,
D a rby Tor m ey w a s a fair typ e of the prosperous 1 1 ish m an 1 11 these countrie s ,
and a cquired a large fortune in s heep a n d la n ds besides va l uable hous e ,
property b ut w a s cut off by c h ol era 1 1] the pri m e of life Th e Cap illa IS

,
.
buil t on the edge of the Ca nad a de la Cr uz ab out 5 leagues fro m the river ,
'
Paran a The o fficial re turns of the population for th e partido are

.
Argentines E ngl ish 3 9 5 Fren ch 1 2 5 Spaniards 6 8 Italians 6 1 , , ,

=
,
Ger m ans 9 Indi ans 1 others 3 2 ; total 4 2 2 7

,
There are 1 42 h ouses and
,
.
-
6 6 7 ran chos in cluding 8 dry goods stores and 2 0 other shops

,
Th e I rish
-
,
.
clergy m an is Re v W m Grenn on w hose m ission also takes i n the partido

'
,
. .
of Z a r ate iD r P riestly ha s an extensive practise in th is an d the

. .
'
n eighborin g distr i cts The n e ighbors o f th e Ca pilla h ave th e use of a '

.
Provincia l br an ch bank at Baradero There a re 6 Muni cipal m e m b ers .

.
,
3 Alcaldes , 1 5 Teni entes , a nd 1 2 police m en

,
The state sch ool is at tende d . .
-
42 .
TH E NO R T HER N PAR T ID O S .
h e w ill p ass th e establish m ents Of th e W he e ler and Morgan fa m ilies t he ,
s econd being h o w ever i n the partido O f Sa n Antonio

, ,
.
San Andres de Giles is a poor little ha m l et w ith 9 50 inhabitants a l m ost ,
des t i t ute O f trade or agri cu l ture It h a s no resident proprietors Of any .
w e alth and m a ny O f the streets are grass gro w n

,
The church is ne w an d -
. -
there is a state school attende d by 3 8 boys a n d 55 girl s ; a fe w brick

'
h ouses int erspersed w ith nu m erous m iserable ranchos three or four goo d
, ,
shops and a c ouple of inns m ake up the village There is a resident

, ,
.
d o ctor and the b est business house s are —Pich e t o s inn Pe l a e z s shop an d
’ ’
, , ,
that Of Se nor C ncul l a The M unici p a l ity w ill give b uilding l ots free .
.
There is no club b ut n u m bers of p ul p e ria s an d billiard tables There are

,
.
e i ghty six rated houses including those of Do na Sa ra vi Bustos Monsalv o ;

-
, , ,
R ies tra Are valo L ez ca no Quevedo Ta rce t t i F l ore s M Rodriguez Lo pez

‘
, , , , , ,
.
, ,
R ivarola L arrosa Pividal A cquarone Pascua l Rodriguez , Acu na Na va rro

, , , ,
t
,
Silva Veral Outilla Andra de Merlo C asa do and O rdo ne s Th ere are
’
.
, , , , , ,
s o m e plantations a bout the vill age m ost l y O f fl l l l t trees but there are fe w
'
'
’
‘
‘
, ,
a ltho u
i
r ti on Of t h e t ow n
o r n o chacra s fo r raisi n
g h at g h a large propo '
w e ,
'
folk is co m posed Of Italians O r Basques The river Of Gile s runs j ust b el o w ?
.
1
t he to w n and a bri dge is ,

over it .
The Officia l ret urn s fOr t11 e p a rt ido are —Argentine s 1 8 2 2 E nglish 2 0 7 ,
'
'
-
,
I talians 1 2 1 Span iards 5 3 Fre nch 46 Ger m ans 2 — total inha bita rit s
’
.
, , ,
T here are 8 6 ho uses and 4 3 1 ra n ch os } n cl uding 4 shop s and 8 7 m inor ,
stores a nd p ul p e ria s T he pa rtido has 6 al caldes 1 7 tenientes 1 2.

, ,
police m en and 2 8 0 National G uards J ustice Of Peace Don J ua n Silva ;

,
.
,
C urate R ev F Tiscornia ; Post m aster D on J nan Silva : S ta nd a rd agent ,

'
: .
r
, ,
Don Ferna ndo P e l aez .

v
Giles is 4 lea gues N of Mercedes 6 5 E of Ca rm e ir de Ar e co 4} S of .

,
.
,
7 .
S a n Antonio , a nd 9 W O f Pil ar .
S a n An tonio de Are co .
Sit uate 2 1 leagues NW o f Buenos Ayr es is b o unded on th e N b y ,

.
Baradero on the W by C ar m e n de Areco ; on the S by G iles and on th e

”
'
,
.
.
,
E by C apilla del Se nor It has a n a rea o f 2 6 s qu are leagues , co m prising

’
. .
6 4 estancia s .
There are also t w o lots O f Gover n m en t lands rented o ut 1 square l e ague '
, .
t o Dr Terry and 15 a league to Se nor Ca scO In this p artido foreign sh ee p :
far m ers ar e very n um erous ; holding One —

.
. .
,
fou rth the land an d m or e than half ~
th e sheep The Irish population m ay be set d o w n at 7 0 0 The es tancias o f

‘ '
'
.
.
-
s 1 1v
. AN T O NI O DE ARE C O . 43
'
San Antoni o a re generally sm al l a vera gin g less than half a square lea gue , .
T he lands are very good but o verstocked a n d suffer s everely in ti m es Of , ,
drough t ; nevertheles s a d rough t is O f rar e occ urrenc e an d the Ri ver Of ,
Areco w ith its a fil ue n ts t he Ar royos L a va l l e n a nd Cha naritos a s als o the

, , ,
C a nada Honda afford per m anent w ater ,

So m e Of th e Irish m en ab o v e .
m entioned are very w ealth y the h ouses O f Mor gan M oone y and Donoh oe , ,
are co m forta ble and surro unded by fine peach m ounts , Mr Cha p e a urouge -
,
ha s a very han dso m e e stancia ho use near th e Giles river ; thi s gentle m a n
i s a na tive O f S w itzer l and a nd a very e nterprisin g m a n ; h e i s at presen t
experi m enting on the produ ct ion Of Extrac t u m Ca rnis sim il a r to that Of ,
L iebig Most o f th e native es ta n cieros are very p oor except Se no r

.
,
Guerric o w hose fine estancia borders the vil lage e ast w ard The Justi ce
,
.
Of Peace repo rts tha t there are sever al e stancias a league a nd a ha l f lon g -
by only a fe w dozen yards w ide Cattle have al m ost every w here m ad e .
w a y for s hee p The returns are co w s h orses l ine

'
.
, ,
1 4 6 2 0 c re 0 1e do and 9 80 pigs : be i n g a n
' '
s heep ,
m estiz a do .
, ,
.
,
a ver age Of c o w s 40 0 h orses and sheep p e r squa re le a gu e

,
‘
, .
L an d is valued a t per lea g ue Tot al valuat io n .
a gainst in 1 8 6 2 Con tribucion t a r The ret urn s Of

—
.
p opulation are 4 7 4 9 Argentin es 2 5 5 En glish ,1 8 2 French 1 2 7 S paniards

, , , ,
4 3 I tali a n s 1 3 G er m ans Others 2 5 ; to tal

,
There a re 1 4 1 house s
,
'
a n d 2 5 7 ranch os including 8 shops and 1 5 s m a ll sto re s and ul e ri

, p p as .
The follo w ing are the principal estan ci a s

N m a e. 8 Le g u N m . a es . a e .
G uerrico 2},
H Gu ti e rr ez .
,
Morga n ,
15 C ha p e a uro uge ,
L an uss e Co 1} Al egre
1—
.
, ,
Al m agro , 3 P F igue rroa 3; .

,
Michael Duggan 13 Patrick Hogan , ,

1}
C asco , 1 1} Al fcn siu 95 ,
L im a , 1} Alen a 1 ,
1
’
N O D onn e l l
.
1 N Gutierrez
, s .
,
J Duggan
.
‘
, G Sosa .
,
Mooney . a O Mol i na y .
, .
O livera , g Donohue 1 ,
Jos é Martinez g P eter

, Ken n y »
The village O f San Antonio de Arec o is an old fashioned pl ace fo unded

,
.
-
,
i n 1 7 5 9 by an estanc iero na m ed Are co w hose house stood on the site O f the ,
p resent chu rch and w ho gave the ne cessary la nd for the village ; Until
,
'
r e cently there live d an Ol d negro th e bell ringer of th e church w h o

-
,
‘
,
44 T H H R OR TH RRN PAR T ID O S .
re m e m bered the fi rs t se t tl e m e nt ofi t h e place o u the Indian

-
frontie r. The village ha s a ple asant aspect no rth w ards ov e r th e rive rn of

Arec o the stre e t s a n d plaz a are very irregul ar ,but so m e Of the shops are
, l
. , '
w el l furnishe d t h e be st b e ing those of Juan F F ont

-
, C arlos Martinez .
, ,
L i m a H urtado Piche t o Ca sco J ose M artinez Gonsalez &c The Ol d

, , , , , ,
.
c hu c h w a s in danger o f falling and w a s pulled do w n to m ake roo m foi

r
,
a n e w one ; th e fi rst stone Of the latter w a s laid on J anuary 1 st 1 8 6 9 A ,

.
n e w stat e sc ho o l has been re cently b uilt w h ich [ 5 at te nded by 6 4 boys and

« foh
,
44 “ l
gir s There .are t w o good da s or inns There a re t w O.
,
.
_
bl acks m i th 5 shops that o f Don Santiag o i n the plaz a bei ng the be tter
’
, , ,
one In so m e O f the d ra pers sho p s English is spoken m ost Of th e

’
,
cu s to m ers being Irish fa 1 1n e rs A fine one ar ch bridge sp ans the l iver Of .

-
Are co : it cost abou t m ostly sub s cribed by th e sh e e p fa rm e rs an d ,

”
a t oll i s levied O f
$ 5 f $
O1 a c a r t a n d 5 fo r a horse m an T he trade o f Areco .
.
is 'very li m ited T here is a French tailor 1 11 the p l a z a An En g

. lish do cto r .
i s m uc h w anted also a n E ngli sh schp ol m as ter for the la rg e fore ign

‘
-
, ,
p opulation Of the surro unding country T he r es ident Iris h clergym an is

.
Re v F e l 1x O Ca l la gha n w ho also a tten d s the Bai a de ro dist n ct ; San

’
. . i
Antonio is h ar dl y pro gr e ssing although a n ew h ou se is built n ow a nd tl1 en ;

.
,
the streets a1 e Very ne gl e ct ed alth ough the m un ici p al revenu e excee ds ,
$ 1 0 0 0 0 0
,
: The population of the v illage is
.
T he p artido has 5
al c a ldes “ 1 0 tenientes 1 2 p oli ce m en and 3 0 0 N

,
onal G uards J ustic e Of
at i , , ,
.
Pea ce Don Ca rl Os Martinez Cu ra t e Pa dre Rossi Po st m a ster Don Man uel

, , . ,
G on salez S ta nda rd a gent Don J ua n Franc isco Font ,

.
Sa n Antonio i s of Zarate as S of Barader o 1 2 ES E ,

.
,
.
O f Arrecifes 1 3 E O f S alto and 7 E N E: of Ca rm e n de Are co

, ,
. .
Ca rm e n dc Are co .
More ge n eral l y called the Fortin de A1 cm is situate t w en ty seven

.
-
leagues W N W Of B uenos Ayres w ith an 11 1 e a Of fifty square le a gues : it is

. . .
,
boun de d on the nort h by Arre cifes on th e w est by Salto on t he south by th e , ,
n e w partido Of Suipacha and 0 11 t he east by G i l es It co m prises t w enty

,
.
s even e stancias averaging ne arly t w o le a gues each

,
.
Th is p art ido w a s until a fe w years a go shunned on ac count Of its

, ,
.
proxi m i ty to the India n s ; it has n ow be co m e one Of t he m ost thi ckly '

.
populated in the provin ce and is re m ar k ab le for its m any fi rst class foreign ,
- .
es tancia s The aggregate of lands held by fore igners a m o unts t O t w e n ty

.
'
s quare leagues an d the Irish m en of th e distri ct are all w ealthy and

,
.
- -
. 1
6 1
1 11 11 ,
1 1 0 111 11 13 3 1:
1
m a r m os .
stock returns are 2 7 cow horses fine sh eep 6 0 0 3 0 0 , , 1

,
m estiz a sheep 1 6 8 2 0 creole sheep and 3 9 5 p igs ; b ei n g an average of 50 0

, , ,
co w s 2 0 0 horses and 1 2 0 0 0 sheep to the squa r e le ag ue The Irish, , ,

.
populatio n is over and the y ha ve a r esident cler gy m an R ev M ,

.
L argo L e ah y W hose m i ssion also in cludes Salto R oj as a nd 2 5 de May o

, , , .
The ollicia l re t u rn s o f pop ulation a re — A rgenti ne s. E nglish 4 0 0 ,

,
Spaniards 1 3 9 French [ 3 3 l t al ia n s 1 0 0 oth ers 1 4 5— total ,

The re ,g ,
a re chacras a nd grai n fa rm s to the extent of abou t a league s quare Ther e .
are 4 alcaldes 1 2 tenientes 1 2 police m en and 42 7 National G uards The, , ,

.
land is val ued at per league b ut t he e st abl ish m e nt s of Hale , ,
D uffy D ow ling & e a re e sti m a ted at

, pe r leag ue , Total .
, .
v aluation a ga inst in 1 86 2 Cont rib uc1 on tax 1
.
,
$ 8 8 ,0 0 0 .
Th e fo llo w ing are the prin c

ipal esta 11 c1 a s
Na m e. S L ea g ue s . Na m e .
Piran , Mich ael Mu rr ay 5 ,
S B Ha le 4 Mrs ; Kenn y ’
. .
, ,
John D uffy 4 J Mulle r ,

’
.
,
Melo 4 J O Con n el l ’
1
.
, .
,
R ocha 3 3;
, N Ma rtinez .
,
D ow l ing Bros 4 1} F Ro m ero

'
, Ii .
,
»
P L y nch H Do a P R o e ro
‘
n 1
“
.
, m .
,
J St ra gan n on
. 15 ; J Medina a ; .
L ez a ma
‘
12 P Rod riguez
, 3 .
, 1
Archibald Craig 1 L D agu e rry , 1 3; .

,
E W a l l a ce
“
’
1 2 l .
,
Forti n de A r e co i s a t o 11 of 2 0 00 inh a bi tan t s w ith a chur ch sta t

‘
, , ,
e
school 2 0 shops and 6 0 good ho uses Th e best shops are those of Messrs
, . .
Moore and Ra m os Anto n io G onsalez & c a n d t he finest houses are those , ,

.
o f Arga n ira s Manil a A1 e 1 d 1 G onsalez a nd Va squez v a l ued over $ l 0 0 0 0 0

, , , , ,
ea ch A r esident E ngli sh d octor i s m uch w anted The Re v L a rgo Leah y

. . .
h as b ee n I rish pastor for sever a l y ears and 1 s z ealous for the i m prove m en t ,
of h is c o untr y m en : he has e stablishe d four l e uding l ibra r1 e s in his m ission .

,
vi z at th e Forti n Salto R oj as a n d Chacab uco The librar y o f the Forti n

.
, , ,
.
,
w as foun ded in 1 8 6 11 a n d h as 1 2 0 m e m b ers : it re ceives by ever y En glish ,
packet e ighteen ho m e ne w spapers and 1 s re gul a il y supplied w ith bo oks o f ,
i nterest for genera l 1 e a de rs Father Leah y 1 s also patron of St Brendan s . .

’
L iter ar y Societ y w hich gives recita tions l e ctu1 e s and debate s on al tern ate
, ,
1
Sund ay s The to w n also expects shor .tl y to possess a respe ctable Se minary
for training child ren of Irish parents to co m m ercial pursuits : a suitabl e
S—
‘L TO . 47
buildi n g is iu cou rse of erection for this purpo se The F oreign Rac in g
'
. .
C lub of Car m e n de Are co h as m e eting s at certain seasons The Iri sh .
n e igh bors of the F or t in are a m on g t h e m ost prospero us and liberal of the ir

'
co untry m en The to w n i s irregul a rl y buil t a n d badl y s ituated t h e ,
approaches fro m the south being so m eti m es i m pa ssable om n g to W ide tracts

of m arsh y land near t h e Arro yo de la G uardi a Th e ch urch an d state .
sch ools are n e w : the latter are attended by 8 8 bo y s and 9 4 girls .
Mun ic ipal inco m e The Pr ovin cial b ran ch bank of Sal to a ns w ers .
for this dis trict also Justic e of Pea ce Don Mel chor Iba rz a bal ; C urate
.
, ,
Re v J uan Pie t ra n ove ; Post m a ster D o n Jo s e Sa n Mar tin ; Sta nd a rd a g e nt

.
-
, ,
Do n Manuel R a m os M unicipality six m e m bers , ,

.
Th e Fortin is 6 5 leagues W of Giles 9 N W of Merc edes 1 1 N o f .

,
. .
, .
Chi vilcoy 1 6 NE of the Rio Sa lad o 7 ES E of Sal to , 8 S E of Arre cifes

,
.
,
. .
,
a nd I3 S W of Bara dero
. . .
Sa l ta .
Situate 3 1 lea gues WNW at Bueno s A y re s is bo und ed on t he N by .

, ‘
.
Arrec ifes on t h e W by Rojas on the S by Cha ca buco and on the E by

,
.
,
.
,
.
Car m en de Areco It has a n are a o f 8 4 sq uar e leagues of w in ch al m os t

.
,
o ne half are pub l ic l a n ds

-
There are esta n cias a v e ra ging 1 1 lea gu es
.
,
»
ea ch ; the princip al are

8 . Le a gu e . Na m e .
Dorrego ,
13 B Go m ez
.
,
Pa chec o ,
6} 1 M Bl au co .
,
L an ate ,
4 J F uentes
.
,
J a m e s Bell ,
2
'
Mich a el Murray ,
Isaa c Blanc o ,
J ohn H y la nd ,
Pa t ri k Mu rp y
Ay ra l a ,
2 15 r h ,
J ohn Bid dle 1 , 5 W m Murph y .

,
1
D Berrutti
.
,
l E G1 ige r a 3; .
,
B Sierra 1 C Torres .
,
The progres s o f t h is part id

.
,
o is re m ar kable ; it is fast beco m ing one of

th e m ost im p ortant i n th e no rt h Fo re ign settlers are gaining ground th e . ,
p astures a re e xcelle nt for sheep and ca m p s h itherto vacant are bein g ,
rapidl y co vered T here are six English estanc ias b ut the nu m b er of o ur

.
,
c o untr y m en altogether occupied in sheep is ver y considerabl e The Irish .
pop ulation is e sti m ated at 50 0 The Do rrego e stancia , about three leag ue s .
TH E O R TH ER N
‘
48 N Pa nn n o s .
W of ,
'
r y ; w atere d by the Roj a s r ive r a nd

'
t h e t o w n is
a great tra t o f count
'
‘
1
. c ,
its a miie nt s the Arro y os Saladas and Visnaga : it extends al m ost

'
R oj as and com p rises fo ur establis hm ents the Bana dit o y Car men Salada s
, , , ,
a n d Triunfo T he Pacheco estan cia exte nds south w ard fro m the to w n
‘
'
.
to w ards Canada del H u ncal a nd L a guna de Artig as ; e ast w ard 1 s the fine i
propert y of David L anata close to w hi ch i s Mr Mu rph y s estancia of the ’

'
.
,
Hun cal Those o f Messrs Bell a nd R iddle lie b et w een the to w n of Sa l t o

. .
1
t
a nd Mr Hale s estanci a of the lil ich a e l J Mnrra y H y land B l an co

’
.
, , ,
a n d Berruti are situate o n t h e north bank of the Salto rive r Ay ra l a is south

'
of the river a nd F uentes 0 11 t h e Arro yo del H un cal The stock returns are
,
.
!
co w s horses fine shee p ,

m estiz ado , , .
,
c reole do: bei ng an a ver age of 6 0 0 co w s 2 0 0 h orse s and sheep to , ,
the squ a re league This partido is ver y suitable for beginn ers ,as la nd of.
"
e xcelle n t q ua l ity m a y b e e asil y obtained : m ost of the Govfe rnra e nt lands
’ '
’
a re held « in e n fi t e u sis» or squ atter s right Agriculture i s b eginning to b e ,
a tt e nded to th e re bei ng 9 0 s m all cha cra s an d 1 3 large r ones

,
Populatio n , .
r eturns —Arge ntines E nglish 1 9 6 Sp aniards 1 8 4 French 2 0 6 , , ,
I talians 8 9 Ger m a ns 8 Indian s 2 others 4 1 tot al

,
There are 1 8 0 , ,
houses and 6 8 3 r a n chos : 4 Alcaldes 1 8 T enientes 1 4 police m e n and 7 0 0 , , ,
N ational Guards : The la nd is val ue d at $ 45 0 0 0 0 per l eague Tot al

'
' '
, .
valuatio n against i n 1 862 Con tribucion tax , . . .

'
'
a chur ch , schhol s 6 cl ot h sh dp s
Sa l tO h as
'
l he t ow n of
'
‘ ‘
' 1
'
, ,
3 carpenters 2 forges 1 2 groc eries and p ul p e ria s a co m fortable ; inn a n d

, , , ,
.
1 6 0 good ho uses : of the l atter the be st a re those of L anata , Blan co , ,
Pisano Sa nz G und in Es cobedo Grige ra Sierra Berr uti Herrer a P ay an

' '
'
, , , , , , , , ,
Mart e l o F ont a na P alo m in o and D e l fi ade a l l val ued ove r

, ,
The re , ,
are mail c oaches both to the Mercedes and Ch i vilco y rail w a y station s The
’
1
-
.
to w n i s on th e south side of the Sal to ri ver The bra nch ba nh ser ves a lso .
1
for the distri cts of Fo rtin Arrecifes Chaca buco J uni n a n d Roja s havin g , , , , ,
a capital of $ 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 m b T he I rish residents are v isited by F athe r '
.
, ,
L eah y fro m the Fortin w h o e stablished a cir culating libra r y here m 1 86 5

”
, ,
a n d a Literar y Soc1 e t y 1 n co nne ction w i th sa m e : The librar y s ubs cribes for ‘
n ine E uropea n n ew spap ers a nd co unts sixty m e m bers : th e l a tte r ha ve

’
re centl y b uilt t w o cl ub roo m s for t h e ins tit ute , w h e r e the y m e e t o n

‘
’
Sunda y s t w o cuadr as di s
,
tan t fro m the Plaz a The state schools a re .
'
attende d by si xt y fou1 b oy s and six ty 1ive girls M unicipal inc o m e 1

- 1 -
,
.
,
‘
$ 1 4 0 0 0 0 Justice of P ea
. ce Don B e nito Crisol ; Cura t e R e v Felipe ,
.
Rocc atagl iat a ; Po st m as ter , l)on Leon Aviles ; Sta nda rd agent D on
,
’ '
’
L eo nid as F Blanco . .
50 TH E N O R TH ER N PAR T ID O S , .
alfalfa are seen do tin g the ca m p on all sides The es tancia is p artl y 1 11:
E .
Arre c ifes and p artl y in the p arti do of R a m allo and co m p rises al t o gether ,
1 7 1 sq uare leagues of excellent c a m p three fo ur ths of w hi ch 1 5 rented t o ,
II 1 sh and ot her far m ers a nd th e re m ainder foi m s the Cab a na del Tala w ith
, ,
a stock of p ure Ne gre tt is and fin e sheep of cross breeds -

.
The establish m ent is j ust t w ent y y ears old and so m e re m arks about th e ,
’
origin of Mr Steg m a nn s reno w ned Caba nas m a y be interesting So fa r
.
.
ba ck a s 1 83 5 th e late Mr St eg m ann father of the present ow ners (Ge orge

.
,
a nd Cla udius )i m ported f1 o m Ger m an y 2 0 Ne gre tt is of the im perial Caba n a

of Xustria and shortl y after w a rds 6 0 others : these a ni m als w ere firs t
,
placed 1 11 the field or gard en th at no w a dj oins the British h ospital at the ,
foot of Calle Defensa Th e Poro ngu t os Cab ana (9 le a gues b ey o nd Ran chos )
. 1
w a s e st a bl ish e d in 18 3 6 ; i
'
t n ow co m prises so m e 1 0 l e ag ue s of ca m p an d 1
sheep (including about 1 3 0 0 p ure Ne gre t tis) The g reat attentio n . .
and good s y ste m of the brothers Steg m ann i n this l ine of business h a s
obtained for the m a hi gh repute a nd the y w ere a w arded at Paris the 1 st ,
bro nz e m edal for Arg enti ne w o ol The galpon of the Tala is perhaps t h e .
finest struct ure of the kind i n the count ry it m easures 7 5 y ar dsl ong by .
2 1 w ide and c an a c
.
'
,
co m m odate priz e shee p ; it h as 1 2 doors in th e
lo w er story a n d 6 in th e upper g iving pe rfe ct ventilation a nd t he turret
, , ,
fee t high affords a v ie w of the various puestos for leag ues a

( 4 7 ) 1 ou nd
; t he .
edifice cost sterl ing Ther e is a s m aller « gal pon ) that can a l s o
. ,
,
1
a cc o m m od a te a l arge n u m ber of sheep There a r e se veral fi ne ani m a ls .

.
b red in t he cou n try th at giv e fleeces up t o 2 411 The Ne 1 e tt 1 s a i e so ta m e

'
0 1
.
,
that m w al k ing th ro ugh t h e cor i al y o u fi nd the m to co m e and lick y ou r

hand o r p ull t he end of y o ur poncho l h e re is also a « m a nada » of .
‘
E ngli sh p onies co m pr is in g a variety of ver y h andso m e a n i m als

,
.
U
Noth ing ca n exceed the co m fort and goo d st yle of the est a ncia house ,
w here l Ir Steg m an resides wit h his fa m i l y and h as al w ay s a w ell sto cke d

’
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.
,
c ell a r to re gal e h is frie n ds or visi t ors M r Ste gm ann w a s educated in . .
G er m a ny and has held th e pos t of Dep uty to t h e Provincial L e gisl a t ui e

,
.
The est ancia ru ns 2 0 m iles fro m N to S and 1 5 a bout 7 m iles w ide bein g . .
,
:
i ntersected by t h e Canada Grande D r Prie stly of C apilla del Se nor has . .
sheep on a p 0 1 tion of the land Adj o iningthe Tal a estanc 1 a is that o f Mr . .
Sillitoe m ana ged by Don M iguel M urphy : i t is a p parentl ythe oldes t 1 11 thi s
,
p art of the co untry the house a nd ve nei abl e aca cia trees bearing t he
,
i m press of the last century The ca mp s like those a l l around a re

.
, ,
1 e m a rk a bl
y fi n e ; the stock a m ounts to 3 0 0 0 0 sheep To the E of ,
. .
Steg m ann s e stan cia ar e those of O rtega Ca rranz a S ierra A n drade a nd

’
, , , ,
Ca ne, w hich a 1 e interse cted by the Arro y o de Burgos T ha t o f Andrad

.
e .
1 11 3 12 0 11 11 5
1
. 1
i s called E stan c ia de l Pa raiso w i th fine rolling ca m ps and t w o com fm tabl e

‘ ‘
r esidences The Sie rra fa m il y ha s a se con d es tancia b et w ee n t h e land sof

.
,
the Perez Millan fa m i ly and the Arrecifes rive r The origina l Pe re z M

.
illan .
,
i n the l as t cen tur y w a s o ne of the e arliest settlers so far north and h is

'
, ,
desce nda nts still o w n t h e land adj a cent to the to w n of Arreci fes a fter ,
cr ossing the ri ver til l w e re ach the estanci a of Dr Velez Sarsfi e l d on th e

,
.
Arro y o de C a ne t e about half w a y to Ste gm a nn s The l a nds of Roqu e ’

’
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.
,
Perez Gi m enez and Vi nas a re situate north of Fontez uela s ri ver and east
, ,
.
o f Sillitoe s es tat e The ext e nsive prope rties o f Crisol and Lezica for m a
’
.
« rin c on » bet w een the F ontezuela s and Sal to rivers

_
L o m a Alta b elo n ging .
,
t e Sra Saaved ra Riglos and the rest o f th e Saave dra estates are S of
.
, ,
.
A rrecifes a nd are intersected by nu m erous arro y os

,
The Ponce L e pez .
e sta ncia i s cl ose to the to w n at the bend w here t he Suite rl ve r flo w s into ,
that of Ar re cife s The Molina esta n cia s co ver a grea t t e 1 1 it or y abo ut

.
m id w a y bet w een the rivers of Arreco a n d Arreci fes Z a p iol a s a n d

’
.
’
Bernal s properties are further w est The land is v a lued at .
per square league and the total valuation is , ag a inst

in 1 86 2 C on t ribucion t a r Th e stock return s
.
,
a re horses fine sh ee p m estiz a , ,
sheep ,
creole sheep b eing a n aver a ge of co w s 2 0 0 horses , , ,
and sheep per square league The population retu rns a re as .
follo w s : Argenti ne s 1 2 1 E nglish 1 1 1 Sp a n iard s 8 1 French , , , ,
5 5 Italians I7 Ger m ans 2 I ndia n s 2 4 o thers ; total

, There , , , :
a re 1 8 4 h ouses a n d 5 5 5 ranchos including 3 3 p ul p e ria s : 3 Alcaldes .

,
6 Tenie ntes 1 2 police a nd 3 6 0 National Guards

,
There are on l y nine
,
.
ch acras in the partido w ith a total of t w o or thre e hundred a c res u nder

,
a gric u l ture .
The villa ge of Arre cifes s ituate on th e river of the sa m e n a m e has a , ,
m ost picturesque a ppeara n ce an d co nt a ins abou t inhab itants It i s .
m o re than a centur y old and th e first cha pel w a s buil t by th e f ounder o f ,
the to w n Se nor Pe nal va : so m e re m ains stil l exist to perpe tua t e his

,
m e m or y The p resent neat a n d co m m odious c hur ch w a s e recte d by Pere z

.
Milla n grand father of the late Justice of Pe a ce The m unici p al h ous e

,
-
.
a lso in the plaz a has a Grecian front a n d w a s bu il t i n 1 8 6 6 by Mr M ichael

, , .
Car m od y arch itect The public school and priest s ho use are w orth y of
,
.
’
note Th e ch ief sh op in the to w n is that o f Se nor Ma rtinez T rade is so

. .
dull that so m eti m es all the read y m one y in the pla ce does n ot a m ount to
£ 2 0 sterling It is suggested for Gover nm ent t o buy a quantit of land
y
.
around the to w n and give it out in chacras and gar dens There is n o
, .
r e sident doctor , b ut a n apothecar y ; no library or c l ub half a dozen b illiard ,

- -
DD2
52 TH E N O RTH ERN PAR T ID O S .
roo m s three b ric k k ilns and forty four rateable h ouse s The best house s
, ,
-
.
a re those of Poiit e R odrig uez Saavedra , Perez Millan Astrada , G u

'
,
erra and
, , ,
Catan valu ed from $ 8 0 0 0 0 up w ards The n e w m ill of a n enterprisi n g

, ,
.
,
Fren ch m an na m ed Pom e sse is on the bank of the river close to the to w n

, , ,
it is four stories high cos t over £ 4 ,0 0 0 sterling and can grind 1 0 0 sacks of
, ,
flour dail y a tunnel of 1 8 0 y a r ds lon g conve y ing the necessa ry w ater fro m
,
th e r iver : the o w ner m ade h is m one y in the village a s a bake i There IS a .
fine bridge over th e river buil t by Hunt Schroeder The state schools
,
.
are a t t e ndod b y 5 4 b oy s and 4 8 girls Just ice of Pea ce Don Jo rge Steg .
,
m ann ; C urate Rev J ose Cl ot a s , Post m aster Don W a l dre do Rodriguez ;

.
,
S ta ndm d agent Se nor Ma rt in e z ; Municipalit y sin m e m bers Municipa l

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'
, ,
.
revenu e $ 8 7 0 0 0
, ,
.
Arre cifes is 1 2 l eagues W N W of Sa n Antonio 8 N W o f F ortin de . . .

,
-
. .
Areco 1 7 N E of Junin , l l E N E of Rojas , 9 S E of Perga m ino , and 1 6 S

”
,
. . . . . . . .
of Sa n Nicolas .
'
T HE N O R T H AN D W E ST rno m m n s .
property of th e late Don Pepe Herrera The estan ci a of F e rm in O Basualdo . .
is at Ce nt ine l a th re e leagues so uth of Pe rga m iuo bet w een the a rroy os

, ,
Montiel and D ulce Leza m a has a large propert y adjoi n ing t h e last na m e d
.
-
r iver The lands of R oque Perez and Vi nas are n orth of the River
.
'
F ontezuela s and a li ttle f urther w e find the estan cias of Moone y and
,
F igue rroa on t h e h e a d w at ers of t h e Arro y o R a m allo

,
The Acevedo esta te s .
a dj oin those of Benites running in a straight line nearl y five leagues till , ,
r ea ching the Arro y o del Medio O n th e other side of t h is frontier li ne .
there are nu m erous settlers viz : Maciel R a m irez A ce vedo Aria s ,

.
, , , ,
Gonsalez Sanchez R ivero & c The es ta nc ia Goy e o te a is the further m os t

, , ,
.
in a W N W dire ct ion : it adj oins Mr Hale s and i s ten leagues inside of

. . . .
’
,
Fort Melincu e The ch ief estan cias are .
N m a 5 L a gu e
e . N m S L e gu e s e s . a e . . a
E Pe na
. 6 ,
A l fonso fa m il v 1 ,
’
P J A cevedo ,
. . 4 Do yle s heirs o 0 0 o o f .
J G Lez a m a
. . F Ba sua l do i ,
.
,
J osé L Moreno . L Guets ,

.
,
J F Benitez
. . M A z cuena ga , ,
.
J Bl a n e o
. E chevarria
, ,
Arnold Co F F igue rroa .

,
.
,
Patrick Fi tzsi m on s’
‘
Do na F x F i
'
ie i
it e
‘
W Alliso n
’
.
, ,
W Fitzsi m ons .
,
Vii ia s,
J2O Bo e r :
,
“
J osé H errera ,
r
A Loz a .
, Ol m os fa mily , ,
F Gi m e nez
.
,
W Moon e y
.
,
Q ui ntana ,
J l Be nHe z
S B Hale. .
,
P Barros
.
,
R : Trelles B arrionuevo ‘
, ,
Bett s h eirs ’
R Baez
’
.
, ,
-
F Botet '
.
,
Za m or a ,
A Bas ual do J C Vasquez

'
. .
.
, ,
Goy e ot e a ,
‘
Sa r m ie n to fa m il y , ,
D Se hoo ,
‘
.
R od rig ue z fa m il y , ,
M Lopez , . A F ern a n dez

'
.
A Silv a .
,
Alex a nder W inton ;
R oq ué Perez ,
p na ca zunvo .
55
Th is p a rtido has al w a y s b e en so exposed and i nsecu re as to b e conside re d

"
b e y ond civilization althoug h t he ca m ps are usuall y ver y goo d O ne of the
,
.
e arliest Irish s ettlers w a s the late John Do le w ho w a s m urdered alo n g

'
y , ,
w i t h an ot her Irish m a n by the fugiti ve soldi e r s afte r the battle of C epe da

, ,
O ctober 1 8 5 9 T he E ngl ish p opulatio n is about 1 0 0 But for the dre a d

,
. .
o f Ind i a n i nvasions this part of the prov ince w ould m a ke r api d progress
the Pro vi ncial G overn m ent w ill doubtless give speed y attention to th e
m a tte r At p res ent for t s Melincu e and India Hu er ta are nex t to usele ss
.
in Nove m be r 1 8 6 8 a b and of tw ent y Indians a n d G auchos made a raid

,
.
here and caused m uch alar m

,
The partid o is m uch infested w ith .
v ag ab onds es capin g fro m B uenos A y r es to Santa F e and vi ce versa The ,

-
.
“
first estanci a going w est fro m P erga m ino is tha t c alled L a Botija of ve ry ,
g ood l and a fter w hich

, w e m eet that of an ol d re sident Mr Ja cob s w h o ,
.
,
h as m ade great i m prove m ents A li ttle further is the es tan cia Cerillo s
.
,
belong ing to Mr M ichael Fitzsi m ons fo rm erl y of Vill a L ux an Th e c a mp s

.
,
.
n o w be gin to get coa rse a nd w e co m e to the e stanc ia Van g uard i a of Mr

'
.
, ,
Willia m Alli son then to t h e Ca nada de la Paj a w here Mr Wi nto n is

,
-
,
.
s ettled F u rther still is Sa nta Isabel be longing to Mr Hale ; near this are
.
,
.
Mr John Fox s pla ce of J une a l G rande a nd Mr Michael Duffy s estanc ia

.
’
. .
’
Porveni r There are fe w sheep since the last drought but a coup l e o f
.
,
y ears ago the sto ck w a s ver y la rge : a great portion died and m uch m ore ,
w a s driven o ff in q uest of better ca m ps Mr M Fitz si m ons ha s about . . .
sheep M r Fo x over , . All th e far m ers ha ve lost n ot onl y th e ,
i nc rease but n early half their capital of ani m a ls Don Diego Alvear i s
, .
establishing a la rge far m N W h aving p urc hased and m easured a t ract of . .

,
l a nd on ei the r s ide of the frontier bet w ee n Bueno s A y res a nd Sant a F e ,
e x te n din g fro m Mr Ha l e s estancia o ut to w ards fo rts M elinc u e Cha nar an d

’
, ,
.
N utria Th e fe a r of I ndians has ob liged ma ny se ttlers to change t h e

’
pastoral fo r th e agricultural life and n ow the re are nu m erous ch acras ,
sp ringing up belonging to natives as w ell as foreigners The sto ck returns

, .
a re co w s h ors es ,
fine she ep m estiz a , ,
pi gs b e ing a nav e ra ge of
'
sheep , creole sheep and ,

co w s ,
-
4 0 0 h orse s a nd sheep per sq uare leagu e The val uation of land is

' '
’
, .
per league Total valuation . a gainst

in 1 86 2 Cont ribucion tax
. Pop ul ation r e turns are
,
A rgentines 1 46 Frenc h 9 1 I ndians 5 7 Italians 3 9 G er m ans 2 5 E ngl ish ,
7 0 others—total
, , , , ,
There are 3 1 5 ho uses an d ran chos , 1 0 ,
alcalde s 2 6 teniente s 1 2 poli ce m en and

, National Guards
, ,
.
The t o w n of Perga m ino w a s first used a s a ha lt ing pl ace o n the post road - -
to Cord ob a ; subse quen tl y it beca m e an i m portant frontier out p ost , but it

56 TH E N O R TH ER N PAR T ID O S .
suffered severel y d uring the civil w ars of 1 8 53 6 1 and w as sa cked af te r -

,
the b attle of Pavon About the sa m e ti m e it w a s besieged by Indians The

. .
chur ch is a ver y handso m e edifice and there a 1 e also state s ch ools , ,
b arracks several shops and brick kilns and 1 0 3 rateable ho uses : of these
, ,
l ast t h e bes t are those of Za m ora Nogueras Be gué M a rtinez O l m os O tero , , , , , ,
Gorordo Al caraz A guirre Guets Cardoso C e l h a y Cobian D uarte Lopez

, , , , , , , , ,
E chagu e Fernandez G rige ra Morales Re ina n di Rodriguez Saenz Ulloa ,

, , , , , , ,
a nd V asquez all val ued over ,

The Irish residents of this partid o
are visited by Rev J Le ah y of Sa n Pedro Mr R Jacobs has a barr aca here
. .
. . .
,
in conne ction w ith th e fi rm o f Pa e h a rp p e dz Co of Sa n Nicolas and Buenos .

,
A y res and t h e stranger can no w here find better advice or assistance than
,
fro m this gentle m a n wh o has spent t w ent y y ears in th e cou n tr y and 1 s

, ,
n ote d for his enterprise and high character The state schools are attende d .
by 83 bo y s and 6 1 girls J usti ce of Pea ce Don Mauri cio Ch avarri a ; Cu rate ,

.
,
R e v José Gi m enez ; _Post m aster Don Manuel V asquez ; S ta nd a rd agent Mr

.
, ,
R Ja cobs , M un icipalit y four m e m bers

. Mun icipal r evenue $ 1 2 5 0 0 0
, .
, ,
Pergam ino IS 5 leagues so uth of the Arro y o del Medio 1 7 N E of Fort ,

. .
Cha na i , 7 north of Roj as , 1 0 N N W of Sal to and 9 N W of Arre cifes . . .

,
. . .
Situate 4 3 lea gues W N W of B uen os A y re s has an a rea of 1 8 2 squar e

. . . .
l eagues m ost of w h ich i s still public land This partido w a s a fe w y ear s

, .
a go a desert w ild unkno w n to sheep far m ers except as an out of the w a y

,
- - - -
place often o ver r un by Indians a nd latterl y fixed on as a m ilitar y

-
,
h ead quarters
-
.
The partido is bounded on the N by Perga m ino on th e W by In di a n

,
.
,
.
t erri tor y on the S by Junin and Chacabuco and on th e E by Sa l to an d

,
.
,
.
Arre cifes It is w atere d by the Rojas river and the Arro y o D ulc e a nd
.
,
n earl y half the partido is be y on d th e line of frontier w hi ch r uns fro m Fort ,
Mer cedes al m ost du e S to the to w n of Juni n Fort Mercedes is cl ose t o

. .
a l a goo n in the Ca nada de Roj a s abou t 8 leagues SE : of Fort Melincu e ; ,
t he frontier passes Tapera de los C ueros traversing the estan cias o f

‘
L lavallol and Peralta R a m os then crosses Ar 1 o y o Pelado nea i w hi ch is a , ,
F or t of t he sa m e n a m e it next tra ve 1 ses the Canada In Pi edro a n d Arro y o

,
de N utrias , a nd finall y rea ches the public lan ds a n d to w nship of Junin

58 TH E N O R TH AND WE T S F R O N T IEB S .
Mr Joh n H ughes has purchased and stocke d a n e st a n e ia w i th

. sheep ,
and c o w s ; h e has also a s m all « gra se ria » for b oiling do w n sh eep . .
Mr E d w ard Ma ck en has about

. sheep on h is land Mr G eoghe ga n ,
,
.
ab out a n d the h eirs o f Mr Darb Tor m e h a ve als o a c on siderable

y y »
'
stock T he othe rIrish far m e rs are no less prosperous these bra ve fe llo w s
.
are doing m ore to ad va nce the ca us e of indus tr y and ci vi l iz a t ion in this

l e m e t a c o rner of t h e Pa m pas t han all the le gislators and Go vern m ent s o f
,
B uenos A y res si n ce t he I ndependence T here are also so m e enterprisi n g .
Sco t chm en and Mr G e d des besides sh eep farm 1 n o ccupies hi m self in '
- 0
.
, o ,
b u y i ng w ool for t h e B uenos Ay 1 es m a ik e t and se nding i n sh eep to the

ra se i ia s» a t Sa n Nicolas S om e of the n ti e estanci a s are ver y
«
g a v .
i m portant that of D orra go w hi ch is pa it l y in th is p a i t ido a n d partl y l Il

.
,
Salto is stocked w ith over 1 0 0 0 0 0 sheep

,
horned cattl e and 4 , , ,
h ors es The estancia of t h e late Don J uan Cano ha s bee n divided bet w een
.
his son s Ma rcian o and Robe 1 to : the for m e 1 resides a t El C a r m en as the ,
e stan cia house is called a nd has a stock of ,

sheep co w s a nd , ,
ie h orses ; the Ma y ord om o of th e horne d cattle h a s a

'
6 0 0 m ares an d t ari
d istinc t res idence called B ue n a Vist a a nd t ha t of the m a y ordo m o of sheep ,
'
,
is about a m ile fro m E l Car m en Mr Ge dde s had cha rge o f

'
. . ,
t his e st abl ish m en t for ten y ears At th e Car m en there is a co mfortabl e .
residen ce ; also a shed 50 y a 1 ds by 1 2 w i th t w o lofts one o f w hich is , ,
capa ble of con taining 8 0 0 0 arrobas o f w oo l and 0 11 th e gro und llo e r there
, ,
.
a re stables for the N e g re tti fl o ck du ri ng th e l a m bing season and the c ol ds
o f w inter The ho use is shel tered by 2 0 a cre s o f plantation in cludi n g

.
,
paradise pe a ch bl ack a nd w hite a cacia and quin ce trees The re are 3 0

, , ,
.
a c res of Alfalfa or trefoil 80 acres of w heat and 1 8 o f Indian corn ; : t h e

, ,
w h ole fe n ced ill w ith W 1 re c o vering 3 6 cu a d ras a nd having four a venues

'
, ,
.
l eading to t he house cor rals a n d out oilice s : the place is cl ose to th e

,
h igh m a d and the coa ch e s e h a nge h orses here Don Rob erto C an oh as a
,
.
,
fi n e estancia h ouse fa t Sa n J ose a nd h is s tock c o m pri se s

'
-
, co w s , ,
s heep and 2 5 0 horses : h e h as ab out 7 0 a cres unde r tillage a n d is fe ncing

, ,
,
.
i n as m uch m o re for the sa m e p ui p ose : th e o w ne r ; i s like a l l hi s ,
c oun tr y m e n ver y h ospi table to v isitors St Gertrude s or th e Ll avallol

,
. . .
’
,
e stan cia lies be t w een forts Mercedes and Pelado and is w ate 1 ed by th e
, ,
C a nada Rojas and Ai roy o Pel ado Santa Cec ilia t he prope rt y of Mess 1 s . . .
Quirno lies abou t 3 leagues W ,of Roj as and adj o ining the to w n is Mr
,
.
,
.
J ohn M11 1 p h y s estancia of L a C a ldera T hat of P eralta R a m os called Sa n .

,
J acinto has the la Ggoons o f Cabeza del Tigre a n d L a E strella and IS ne ar

, ,
Fort Pelado The l a n ds o f C asal Cespedes and Sarl o are adj acent to Fort
.
,
Mercedes : those o f Sa nabi ia Marti nez Al bari no Sie rra Ulloa and , , , , ,
9
P
C arrasc o are on t 11 e \ E bank o f the R ojas l iver Gen eral Conesa and
1 . . .
Senor Grige ra are on the Ar ro y o Saladas n ea r the P e s cado lag oon Huss ,
.
,
Saavedra an d Guir aldes a r e S of Roj as near an arro y o st y le d Sala dillo de .

,
l a Vuelta O f the outside settlers the furt her m ost are — Madero Irigo y en
.
, ,
a nd Alsina n ear a lagoon c a ll e d Chanaritos w h ich IS o nl y 5 leag ues fi o m

, ,
F ort Melin cue .
The stock ret urns of the par tido are — 8 0 1 2 9 c o w s

-
horses , , ,
[in c sheep , m es t iz a sheep cre ole sheep and pigs , , ,
being an a verage of 50 0 co w s 4 2 horses a nd sheep per sq uare, ,
leagu e Land is var io usl y v al ued at t w o three or fou r hundred th ousan d

.
, ,
d ollars . Total valuat ion agains t in 1 8 6 2 Con tri .
b ucion tax Population return s Argent ines 1 1 2 Engl ish , ,
1 1 2 Italians 1 3 2 Fren ch 4 8 Spa niards l l Ger m ans 2 9 vario us ; total

, , , ,
There a re 1 6 7 houses a nd ra n che s : 6 Al c aldes 1 3 Tenientes , ,
1 2 polic e m en and 3 2 1 Nation al G uards

,
The scarcity of horses in this .
pa rtido is o w ing to the f requent incursi ons o f t he Indian s Pe rson s .
look ing for la nd can either p urchas e or r ent sa m e f ro m Go ve rn m ent or ,
b uy the right of « e n fit eusis» fro m p r evious settlers .
The t ow n o f Roj as is s m all but w ell built w ith a populati o n of 1 7 0 0 , ,
souls an d IS usuall y ga rrisoned by a forc e of 2 50 ca valr y : i t ha s a ch urch

, ,
state s chools se veral good shops and 6 2 ra teab le houses : of the se la st the
-
, ,
best a re those belo nging t o —E scobar Peralta Gen E m ilio Mit re Gen , ,
.
,
.
C onesa Elordi Fretes Perez ()jeda Quirno Ro sp ide Roquez R o cca

, , , , , , , , ,
Morgan do Medina Barreiro Biquirist a in Diaz He rrera Frias all v alued

, , , , , ,
fro m up w ards T he to w n has m uch i m proved unde r t he inunicip al

.
' '
b oar ds of the last couple of y ea rs and Mr Bol l a st y has a cti vely furthere d
'
‘
. .
a ll i m p rove m ents The plaz a is neat l y laid out w ith w alks and seat s and
.
, ,
a m o nu m ent is being ere cted in t he cent re at an expense of to ,
the pa tron sa int o f the to w n Sa n F ra ncisc o The public school and garden
-
,
.
ha ve been g reatl y i m proved thanks l ibe ra l ity a n d this

'
gentle m an i s a lso a leading supporte rof the Irish Librar y and Institute
the librar y recei ves seven E uropean j o urnals fortni ghtl y and counts fort y ,
m e m bers ; att ached t o t h e reading roo m is a y ard 4 0 varas squa re w h ere -

,
the Irishm en put up th eir horses w hen t he y com e in to Mas son Sunda y
'
‘
'
m ornings ; the cl ub m eets for lect ures a t once a m onth p atron Re v ,

.
-
,
.
L argo M Le ah y It is im p ossibl e to exa ggerate the ben efi t of these Iri sh

.
‘
libraries the r eturns she w that e ach m e m ber re a ds on an average 1 9 4

.
b ooks 1 11 a y ear w hereas onl y seven v e a rs ago a book w a s qu ite a rari ty in

,
‘
’
e xcep t a m ong w e a l t hy e st a n cie ros Th e Irish racin g
'
a shepherd s house
'
'
.
,
s ociet y ha s m eetings near Roj as at s tated pe riods The state schools a re .

-
0 TH E N O R TH AN D W E ST F R O T IER N S .
attended by 50 b o y s and 4 1 girl s Justic e of Pea ce Don Francis co Ro ca ; .

,
Curat e Rev V isco nti ; Post m as ter Don Isidro Navarro ; S ta nda rd agent
,
.
-
, ,
Mr Bol l a sty Munic ipali ty six m e m bers Municipal revenue $ 1 46 0 0 0

. .
, , , ,
.
Roj a s IS 1 0 leagues S E o f Fort Me i ce de s 9 N N E o f J uni n 1 0 N N W . .

,
. . . . . .
of Chacab uco 9 W N W of Salto , and 1 1 W S W o f Arre ci fes

,
. . . . . .
.
Situa te 4 5 leagues W N W of B uen os Ay res i s anoth er ne w l y settled

. . .
,
-
territor y ,
co m prising 80 square leagues , a goo d deal of w h i ch is Govern
m ent l an d .
Th e partido is b ounded on th e north by R oj as on the w est by Indian

'
t erritory and the n e w partido of Lincol n , on th e south by Bragado and on ,
the east by Cha cab uco It has an abundan ce of w ate r viz : L ake C ha nar .
,
.
,
Mar Chi q uita and the G o m ez lagoons besides t h e R io Salado w hich

, , ,
tra ve rses a great portio nof the countr y in a S E dire ction A slight rang e . . .
of hills runs S S E fro m Fort Chanar to wards Bragado Mo

. . . st of the parti do
i s o utside the f1 on t ie r and m uch exp osed to the I ndi ans: there is a fort at
L ake Cha 1 1 a r fi ve leagues o utside of Fort Pelado and another (Fort Morote )
‘
, ,
b et w een Mar C hiquita and the Go m ez lagoons t w o leagu es N W of th e ,

. .
to w n of J unin The estan cia s of Mr Atkin s Senora Hernandez a nd Do

. n .
, ,
E Pa y an are close to the to w n Those of T oledo and Lastr a are south of

. .
t h e Salado near th e lagoons of E l C a rpincho and Los Patos

,
That o f .
A m ezaga is a large propert y near L a gu nas de Go m ez w ith an old fort calle d .
Cant on Potroso an d the l agunas of Nutria and Sierra The l a nds of B urk e
, .
Lopez and Sosa adj oi n the n e w partido of Li ncoln ; as also those of Ge n e ra l

,
E Mitre , Faj ardo a nd Y doy a ga w h i ch are south of Mar Chiquita Mr

.
, ,
.
'
.
’
Mic hael Mu rra y s e sta n ci a is w ashed on one side by the Sau ce and on ,
a nother b the Arro o la Vuelta The S d are n orth o f the Salado

y y a a ve ra s .
,
and here ther e is a tract of publi c land fif te en square leagues in exte nt .
Po m bo and Pase y ros are situate on the Ari oy o las Nutrias ; an d 1 11 the m ids t
o f the Indian countr y w e fi nd Alvear Na sa r1 e A1 " e r1 ch Sol e r C a ude vil l a , , , ,
L e cuna V alle Franqui Scheiner Sala A1 am b ur11 L e z icd and Irigo y en

’
.
, , , ,
.
, , ,
F or t C ha 11 ar is o n Alvear 5 groun d a n d this IS fifty s ix lea gues (as th e bird ’

'
-
,
fl ies )W N W of the cit y of B uenos A y res being thirteen leagues w est of

. . .
,
R oja s Mar Ch iquita is one of the largest lakes in the province bein g
.
_
,
three leagues long by one and a h a lf in w idth The Lagunas de G o m ez ar e

,
- .
a n irregular series of la kes s even le a gues in length by a m ile or s o in ,
bread th : t he Rio Salado flo w s h en ce in an easterl y direction .

62 TH E N O R TH AND WE T S r n om m ns .
re m ained he 1 e per m anentl y but the p opul ation 1 8 still ve ry th

l
and our , in ,
co unt 1 y m e n do not e xceed 1 0 0 i n n um ber The retur ns of st ock are .
co w s horses 58 6 8 5 m estiz a sh eep and 2 6 1 4 pigs bei ng a n , , , ,

’
,
a v e i a ge of 5 0 0 co w s 7 0 h o rse s and 7 0 0 s h eep per s quare lea gue A

.
, , .
p ortion o f this parti do ha s been rece n tl y take n off in the fe im a t ion of th e ,
n e w p a i t ido of Lincoln .
A g ri cult ure see m s to be m ak ing muc h prog ress : there are eight y on e -
cha cra s c o ver ing ab out 2 0 0 0 0 a cres : t he follo w ing are t he princi p al
,
'
Na m e . Va l u e . Na m e . V a l ue .
Aparicio , Liborio Pio ,
Na rbon do , C Gil e s
.
R epar a s , Snar s heirs ’

,
D e a gust ini, V Uvie do

.
,
Monteneg ro ,
B C haves
.
,
Paniza ,
E Sua re z
.
,
Munoz ,
M Cuello
.
,
M L op e z
.
,
M Marull.
,
P Se gu i
.
,
E E s p inosa
.
,
The to tal va l ua t io n
p the pa rtid o IS agains t f in .
Cont ribucio n ta t Populatio n returns Argentines

'
1 86 2 .
, ,
8 9 Indians Sp ania rds 3 5 Italia ns ; 1 7 F re ubh 9 E11 gl isl 1 1 Ger m an

' ‘
, , , , ,
2 0 va riou s T he re are 3 7 ho uses and 3 40 ra nchos includin g ,
2 1 sho p s ; 1 alcaldes 8 t e nien t es 1 2 p olice m en and 1 3 0 National G uards

’
, ,
.
.
’
The village of J u nin is lit t le m o re th a n a m ili tar y post gar risoned by 2 6 ,

.
soldiers of the L ine : it h as 8 3 6 i nhabitants a publ ic s choo l a n d 3 3 r ateabl e , ,
h o uses o f w h ich t h e b e st are those o f

,
L ed e s m a Boy ,
C o Rodriguez Ba ra ce Abaca Z a ns La rr a na ga Calp

,
Pfe 1 re r
,
.
, , , ,
A m a deo a nd Fr a ga va l ued f ro m
,
up w ards The place de ri ves its
,
.
na m e f ro m a victo ry o v e r t h e Spaniards in Per u d urin g the War of , ,
Indep e ndence T he st a te s ch ool is a ttended by 50 bo y s a nd 40 g irl s

'
. .
J ustice of P e a ce D on Esta in sl a o Alegre w ho is also post mas t er

,
Munici ,
.
p al it y fou r m e m bers
,
M un ic ipal re venue $ 1 5 7 0 0 0
.
,
.
J un1 n 1 s 1 3 leagues S E of Fort Chana r 9 S S W of Roj a s . S W of.

,
. .
,
. .
Sal t o 1 0 w est o f Chacabuco 1 8 N W o f Chi vilco y a n d 9 n e i t h o f F or t

, ,
.
,
l tuzaingo .
L incol n .
Si t uateab out 60 leag ues W N W of B uenos A yres i s enti rel y o u tside . . .

,
th e fron tier The parti do is o f such recen t for m ation that w e have ver y
.
L in coL N .
“
scant y infor m ation about it O n th e occ asi on of Pi e side nt Li ncoln s .
’
a ss a ssi nati on the L e gisl a tu ie of B uen os A yre sresolved to p a y a tribute t o

‘
his m emory hy i ving his na m e to t he next 11 1 1 1 111 15tha t should be fo n ned

’
G
p ,
.
As y e t th e re is n o a dm in ist1 a t ive orga n ization of J ust ic e of Peac e ,
Mun icipa l it y & c n eit her 1 s the re a ny g ent l e of popul at io n a lth ou gh t he

,
.
,
si te of th e inten d e d to w n h as been de 0 1 e e d
Th e partido 1 s b ounded o n the N an dW by Indian t erritor y on the S . .
, .
by the Nue ve de J ulio and o nthe E by Bra ga e o a nd J un in

'
,
There are n o . . ,
arro y os worth n otice b ut an abundance of lagoons In th e ext re m e nort h

,
.
is the Villa real estancia o f 6 square leagues n ear the Me da no s de Ach a

, ,
a n d Las Balas Mr W ie b e ck is set tl ed in the Ca nada O rqueta Mr Tho m as

. .
,
.
Go w land at L aguna del Re ne ga de and tIr Gha p e a u ro uge at L a guna de ,

1
.
Corridos Messrs Bul l rich Cordoba P1 cer s D unkl er and Schroede r

. .
, , ,
e xtend about 1 0 leagues S W fro m a p l ace ca lled Siete Ja giie l e s to the . .
l agoon of Tigre M ue rt o Don Manuel R od riguez has an estan cia at the .
Barc a la lagoon Don L uis A m a deo at In e sita Messrs Gor chs and It urrios
, ,
.
near the Laguna de los A m igos and D el Sa r Vivot Mar ti nez near t he , , ,
Laguna del Guacho The f urthest settler w est w ard is D on Antonio P ere y r a
.
,
w h o has 6 sq uare league s of c a m p near the Lagu nas R astrillada Lib 1 es , ,
C ar m en L a ga 1 t o and Pe ril la n : this cha i n of la kes 1 s 6 5 le a gu es d ue W of

,
B uen os Ay res citv and iorm s the l a s t land m ark of c iviliza tion in the far
,
w est p a m p a s 1n th e i m m e diate n eighb ourhood w e als o find Willia m

.
Nl a rt ins F Sa aved ra a n d J G i m enez m m th e Me dano de i to

,
.
, 1 he
.
, ,
’ ‘
n e w to w n of Lincoln w ill be built about 1 0 le a gues out side For t Ituz aing o
,
f1 o m w hic h the f ront ier w a s a l m o st due N to J un in p a ss1 n g t h e Me da no s .

,
del Hornito and El Mo m and t ra ve rsm g the ca m ps o f (311 3 1 1 0 An ie z a ra a nd

, ,
At ki ns Besides th e e st a ncia s al rea dy enu m erated in this p a rt i1l o 1n n st be

.
,
m en tioned thos e of M ich ael M urra y George W Atk ins F D e a ling P .

, .
, , .
Be rist a y ri P Repa ra s L M on salvo Montes de O ca F aj a rdo and Gue rl

,
.
,
.
- -
, , .
We have no returns of sto ck or population .
Cha ca buc o .
Th e pa r ti do of Chacab uc o co ntain s ab out 88 squa re leag u

‘
es o f land
' ” ‘
di vided into ten cuarteles w ith a n Al ca l de a n d Te n ie nt es to ea ch There ,

‘
‘ ‘
.
are 5 } lea gues of l and at the pres ent ti m e divided into qui nt as and cha cr as
'
w hi ch at t h e close of the Paragua yan Wa r are to b e distributed a m ongst t h e

‘
s oldie r s w ho have served 1 n th e ca m paign .

TH E N O R TH AN D W E ST F nonr m a s .
The to w n of C ha cabuco consists of 1 8 m anz a nas all built of brick w ith , ,
azotea or tile roofs and 1 0 quintas w ith y oun g though flourishing m ontes
, , ,
.
The greater part of the inhabitant s are Basque s and Ital ians but further ,
rd iii the to w n h as been m uch retarded o w ing to G overn m ent n ot

’
p g re ss
'
per m itting th e m un i cipalit y to dispose o f these lands As y e t t h e t ow n .
b oasts of no public buildings T h e lands of this p artido are of a rich deep .
so il and have for the last fe w y ears been e a gerl y sought after by
, .
E nglish m en About one ha l f are r efi ned lands w ell a dapted for an d

.
-
,
largel y o ccupied in sheep breeding ; a good p a rt i s also o ccupied in c attle

'
,
-
and tillage is ca 1 ried out t o a l ar ge extent Th e chief n ati ve estan cias are .
,
t he Medano Blanco belonging to Don Patrici o Roch e w h ich co m prises four

, ,
s quare leagues of land w ith fine est a ncia h o use quint a s i m m ense alfalfares
,
-
, , ,
and gal p ons for Sheep ; also a grase ria The num ber of sheep on thes e '
.
lands a m ounts to fro m 4 5 0 0 0 to 50 0 0 0 w ith about 5 0 0 0 head of h orn e d

, , , ,
cattle This m ay be c onsidered the ch ief estan cia i n the partido The
.
.
esta ncia s o f Sres Pa checo Vidal a n d Alvear also o ccup y a pro m inent , ,
p osition A m o ng th e English estancias t he chi ef is th at of Mr E B

. . . .
Perkins Est a n e ia la Es peranz a co m prising Ql square leagues of l a n d ; l

, ,
.
good estancia h ouse w ith adj oin ing offices together w ith fin e q uint a s
-
alfalfares a nd potreros for cattle Th e land w h ich is sn rroun de d by .

,
2 1 fine puestos is o ccupied by ab o u t 1 5 0 0 0 sheep and fro m 3 0 0 0 to 4 0 0 0 , , , ,
head of horned cattle The so w ing of w heat and m aize is largel y carrie d
.
on as is tillage of all kinds Several fi ne y oung plantations a 1 e co m m en cin g

,
.
also to sh o w the m sel ves w hich in a fe w y ears w ill be of great val ue The
, .
oth er chief estancias are th os e of Messrs Duggan E Case y M Allen M .

,
.
,
.
,
.
Murra y F Pierson F Do w ling J Dry sdale J Macle a n F orest Sern a

,
.
,
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,
.
,
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, , ,
Ca st ro Mir6 Va squez Crisol In sia rt e Sa ubide t Maldonado Blanco Ja m e s

, , , , , , , ,
Bell Gonsalez , Quirn o and Ma ch ado The Est an e ia de la Cre ol l a also i n

, .
,
this partido has been l atel y p urchased from a native co m pan y by J H Green
, . .
,
and c onsists of 51 leagues o f land w ith estancia house ollice s & c This -
, , .
is th e largest Eng l ish p rop ert y in the p artido b ut i s as y e t unstocke d o w i n g ,
to its ha ving c hanged ha nds so recentl y Agricul ture is n ow carri ed on in .
this p artido on a m uch larger scale than in m ost other parts of th e

provinc e m ostl y by the natives and the cro ps pro m ise to be ver y successful
, ,
this y ear ; m an y large fortunes h ave been m ade in th is bran ch during th e

last fe w y ears a n d w e are sur prised tha t our conn t ry m e n do not introduce
,
'
m ore capital into this b usiness The l rish population m ay b e set do w n a t

,
.
50 0 . Land a verages fro m to '

a ccording to qua lit y .
The Gove rnm e nt p rice i s per league Ave ra ge p rice of Sh eep

'
fro m $ 1 5 to $ 2 0 ; cattle from $ 50 to $ 8 0 m ares fro m $ 4 5 t o $ 6 0 .

T HE N O R TH AND W E ST F R O T IER S N .
Maria no Biaus , 51 l eagu es The other estan cias belo ng tb the fol l ow ing
' ‘ i
'
a nd .
persons :
Quiroga , '
1 Robbi o ,
Ga u o; Ra m i rez ,
P Arz a
.
,
E m ilio Castro ,
S Me abe Ma ch ain
'
.
, ,
S Un. zu e ,
O livera ,
M Beccar,
.
,
M artinez ,
L an uz F e rre y ra ,
L avado ,
Trej o ,
L u cen a , P ere z ,
R uiz
.
,
Moutier ,
P Castro
.
,
A Sm y th .
,
The partid o is b ouhde d on the nort h and east by the R io Salado w hic h
'
separate s it fr o m Chacab u c oa dChivi lco y on the south by 2 5 de Mayo an d

n !
, ,
on t he w e s t by 9 de J ni1 o The Biau s e stancia is on the Southern ba n k of

i
‘
the Sal ado an d east of the t own of B ra gado : it has se veral lag oons viz
, ,
Brag ado Grand e Casco L os P atos and Pa l ant e l e p The es tate s

'
'
, , ,
.
r e at tr a ct of Countr in t his a nd t he
g y
e and Mo uti er are southw ard fro m
nc ia El Toro an d Las Cas es Th e
'
, , .
g by thre e w i de extendi ng froinT ort l ‘

,
‘ ‘
Ang el es al ong the frontier to F ort Ranch F ur ther north a re the es ta ncia s .
o f Bra ado Chic o Mata c o and Santa Isabel b e lo ngi ng re sp e ct w e l y t o

g , , ,
Messrs L a n uz La vado and R uiz all washed by t he Sala do Therfe ai e

.
, ,
' [
,
‘
.
'
p ubl ic l a nd s a t Medan o de la Cr uz an d Averias The k inds of L u c é

‘ ‘ '
, n a ,
Ramirez an d Eniil io Ca tr oa re traver se d by the fr ontier line a nd on M1 '
,
s ,
.
Castro s e st ancia is Fort I tuzai ngo t e n lea gues so uth of J m m

’
The l a hds,
of Robbio and Pe dro Ca stro are outside the fronti er near Cana da de Mor on
' '
.
,
Thi s partido has m ade but litt l e pr ogres s o w ing to th e fi e q ue n t In dia n

’
incursions The lands are therefo re l ittle sought a fte r bysh e e p fa rm e1 s

.
, , ,
w ho comp l a m als othat there are n o r ive 1 s or arro y os , and that the l and 1 8
’
i ll adapted for she e p N eve rth eless an En glish m an w h o has v isit e d thi s
’ ’
.
,
part w rites —« I have great pleas ure in stating that I found the l a nd sin
the partidos of 2 5 de Ma y o and Bra gado are b ette r than people here
g enera ll y suppose the m to b e the g1 a ss bei n g 1 n m an y pla ces t w o and even
,
three feet high the qualit y is good b ut b etter suited for cattle than sheep
, ,
.
The « trevol de olor or natur al alfalfa is m ost beautif ul covering in so m e

, , ,
places leagues of land a nd if cut a t t he present m o m ent w ould p roduc e

,
suf fi cient a lfalfa to suppl y the Whole of B u enos A y res for a y ear ; w he r e
R AGAD
B O 67
sheep h ave been pla ced ou th e l a nd even for a fe W m on th s its qualit y

-
,
'
b eco m es m uch b etter an d I have no hesitation in sa y ing th at there are fe w

,
fi ner or b etter l ands fo r sheep in t his province t h an thos e of th e 2 5 de Ma y o

and Bragado In so m e parts of th e c a m p there i s a large quantity of th e
.
w i l d alo e gro w ing but this w ill so on disappea r w hen the la nd i s stocked
, .
A large p ort iO i of the lands in t he se t w o partidos i s o w ned by En glish m en o
a n d fin e az otea houses p uesto s &c are sprin ging up on all sides Shoul d
, ,
.
,
.
t he Go vern m ent re solve to reduc e t he p ri ce of the se la nds to a m o derat e

an d fai r sum I have n o doubt the y w ould be purch ased at once by the
,
’
.
present o ccupiers of the land In ri ding over the land I w a s m u ch s truck .
w ith the abs en ce of arro y os ca nadas or lagun as of a n y siz e and beli eve
, , ,
that for m an y lea gues th e sa m e peculiarit y m a y b e noticed ; the reason of

this is that the soil b ein g a rich sandy v egetable m o uld absorb s all the
, ,
w ater tha t falls littl e if a n y ru nning off the land even i n the heavie st
, , .
rains ; th e sub so il is sand and in so m e s pots the w ater is close to th e

-
,
“
s urfa ce indee d at on e p l a ca l visited (th e Hi nojo )a m a n si m pl y s tooped
, ,
d o w n to get us a glass of w ater fro m his w ell the w ater n ot b eing m ore ,
t han three feet belo w the surfac e in other spots the w e l ls w ere three to
fi ve y ard s deep » .
The E n g lish po pulation of this p artido does n ot n u m b er 1 0 0 but th ere is ,
e v e r y lik elihood that it w ill increase ra pidl y as soo n as the rail w a y b e open
t o Bragado ; the w orks are b eing acti vel y p ushed for w ard and th is w ill ,
a l so m uch enhance the val ue o f the l a n d The official valuation is set do w n .
at per square league Total valuation of the partido .
a gainst in 1 8 6 2 Cont rib ucion tax . The r eturn s of ,
stock are c ow s horses , m est i

z a sheep , ,
c r eole sheep and . i

p g s b e ing an a ver a e of ,
co w s 2 50 horses
‘
g , ,
and s he ep per squa re leag u e .
Agr ic ulture h a s w ithi n a fe w y ears m ade rapid strides in t h ese far

, ,
w es t ern ca m ps T here a re 3 7 0 cha cras u nde r till a g e covering a n area of

.
,
acr es Hith erto the onl y check to this industr y w a s the e xpe n se
.
a nd difficult y of freight to Buen os A res b ut n ow the prolo n ga tion of the

y ,
W estern R ail w ay a s far a s B ragado w ill gi ve a great i m pulse to the gro w in g

of gra in Moreover the Indians w h o seek onl y for boo ty of horned cattle
.
, ,
a nd horses w ill no longer be felt in thes e districts for th e y al w a y s reced e

, ,
at the ad van ce of the ploughshare and the loco m otive The populatio n
—
.
re urns are 3 6 0 i Argentines 1 8 0 Spaniards ; 1 4 4 Fren ch 1 8 3 Indians

t
6 2 Italians 6 E nglish 3 5 vario us —total
, , , ,
Coliq ue o s trib e of
’
, ,
« friendl y Indians » is se tt l ed he re a s a prot ecti on to the frontier ; th e

ca cique is a large m uscular m an, a bo ut 50 y ears of age n ot ba d l ook in g , and ,
EE 2
'
68 TH E 11 0 111 11
1 1
AND W EST F R O T IER S N .
ears the uni for m o f a m aj or in the Arg entine ar m y ; his people are squal id
‘ '
w ,
a n d r e p ul s ve , w ith no other tra ce of Christian it y than tha t the y generall

i y
~
cause their children to be baptized The y li ve in their « tol de ria s group s

,
.
,
o f w retc hed huts w hich the y shift a t ti m es for the past ure of their hors es
,
. .
T he Govern m ent gives the m m on thl y rations of toba cco ; y erba and w ild ,
m are s the y are extre m el y fon d of the flesh of th e latter

,
.
Th e village of Bragado also called Santa Rosa afte 1 the patron e ss o f , ,
South A m er ica is picturesque l y situated at the foot of a gentl e slope nea r

, ,
the l a goo n of Saladillo and not far fro m tho se of Br a gado G1 ande a nd Cassio ,
1
.
Its first im p o1 t a 11 ce w a s as a fort on t he I ndian frontier b ut it is destined to ,
be co m e in a s h ort ti m e a gi é a t w e stern set tl e m ent in the m i dst of the

.
Pa m pas w 1 th 1n 7 hours j ourne y by 1 a 1] of th e cit y of Buenos A y res It has

,
’
. .
a ch u l ch state s chools 2 2 good sh ops and 6 5 r atea ble h ouses ; of t he latter

, ,
th e b e st are those of Patric io Arz a O Ra m 11 e z B Boque T1 e j o Sa rrie t a ,

.
‘
, ,
St Paul O suna , J Milber g Mina que Mansilla Mich a d L op ez F ernan dez

.
,
.
, , , , , ,
Bas a 1 te and Arga m all val ued fron1 $ 50 0 0 0 up w a 1 ds The pa rtido has
, , , ,
7 1 houses and 99 4 r a n ch e s ; 5 a lcal de s 2 0 tenientes 1 4 police m e n and 9 50 . , ,
National G u ards The state schools a re attended by 6 2 boy s and 6 5 gi rls

. .
J ustice of Peace Don Ger m a n Vega Curate Re v L uis L e oue ti; i Post m ast e r
'
.
, , , ,
B O11 Maxi m o F o sfe re s ; Municip alit y six m e m b ers ,

.
Bragado 1 s 9} lea g u es S W of Chivilco y 4 W of the Rio 9 N W .

,
. . .
of 2 5 d e May o 9 3; N E of N ueve de J ulio ; 5 E of F ort

,
. E . . .
of J uz 1 in
Nue ve de J ul io .
Si t u
a te 4 8 leagues W
of B uen os A yres is a n e w and thinl y settled dist rict .
,
w i th a n are a of about 1 50 s quare Ie a gue s Until re centl y th e onl y _

.
inh abitants w ere a trib e of friendly Indians and a regi m ent of soldiers to
garrison this part of the frontier T he pre se nt English pop ulation is .
.
over 1 0 0 .
Th e partido is b o unded on the N by L incoln and Bragado on the W by .

,
.
Indian territor y on t he S by the sa m e a n d on the E by Veinte y Cin co d e

,
.
,
.
- -
NIa y o It has no rivers or a rro y os but i s inters p ersed w ith n u m erous

.
,
la goo ns Nearl y half the settlers are English b ut the ca m ps s 1 e so exposed

.
,
to Indi an fora ys that the partido m akes com parat ivel y slo w pro gress The
estanci asof Sm ith and K avanagh lie bet w een the So cabon and P oz o Pa m pa ,
NE E of t he n e w to w n Those of Douthat Dillon D aiby shire and Nield

. . .
, , , ,
a 1 e on the fro ntier line b et w een Forts Pi ca z o and Cruz de G uerr a on the ,
rou te fro m V einte y Cin co d l a y o to Nueve dc Julio The la nds of Ly nch ,

‘ - - c .
T HE N O R TH .
AND W E ST F R O T IER S
] N .
The re t urn s of sto ck are co w s ; 3 horses fine sh ee p , ,
4 3 0 0 0 m estiz a sheep 8 3 0 0 creole shee p and

, , ,
pigs being a n , ,
i
average of 7 0 0 co w s 2 0 0 horses and 3 50 sheep per square league

, ,
i 1 .
A gri culture is al s o m a k ing go od progress in th ese V1 rgin ca m ps : there -
are 1 3 5 c hacras w ith 5 0 0 0 acres under tillage The o fficial returns of

, ,
.
populatio n she w a p 1 e p on de ra nce of ta m e I nd ians viz ,
9 2 0 Arge ntines , 55 Italians

’
8 0 Spa niards 5 1 E nglish 3 3 F re n ch 1
1
, , ,
.
3 Ger m ans 3 var ious ; t o tal

,
Ther e are 46 houses and 7 3 4 ran ch os '
.
incl uding 2 3 shops : 4 al caldes 7 tenientes 8 p olice m en 1 9 4 s oldi e rs of

, , ,
t
'
t h e l ine and 4 2 2 Na tional Gua 1 ds

,
Th e n e w to w n of Nue ve de J ul io is m course of c onstruction bu t as y e t ,

i
there IS n either chu rch nor s tate s chool The p a rtido is called a fte r t h e .
Independen ce day (9 th of July Just ice of Pea ce Don Este van , ,
Trejo ; Post m aster Ede l m iro Moura ; Municip a l ity six m e m b e rs

-
, .
r
.
‘
Munici pal revenue ,
An Irish far m er w ho re centl y v i sited t his part o f th e fron tier re ports a s

follo w s — «I w a s anxious to see the Indians and their c ountr y and starte d ,
fro m Villa L ux a n on the 5th inst for th e Toldos of Coliqueo Th e Journe y

. .
too k m e eight day s I v isite d Coliqueo s tribe and found the m l ivin g m uch
.
’
,
like the Gauchos : the me n and w o m e n w ear clot hes and the m e n sp e ak , ,
Spanish . O n the l oth I visite d t h e C ac ique w h o sho ok han ds w it h m e

W ar m l y and said that I w as the fi i st Irish m an he had m e t He asked m e for
‘ ‘
G e n eral l l it re and Governor Alsina and co m plained bitterl y that the ,
Govern m ent had not buil t a church and sch ool for the squa w s There are
one belonging to Senor M
_
.
three p ul p e rias in the « tol der ia ,

artinez -of
B uenos A y res w h o treate d m e m ost h ospitably The In di ans are m ostl y
,
.
en g a g ed 1 n agri culture an d have cha cras of m aize ; the y have also larg e
,
h erds o f m ares and co w s The y see m ver y long live d for I m e t a w ome n
.
-
,
a p p a re n t l v o ver 1 0 0 ears old I topped t w da s w ith the m a nd the y

y s o .
y ,
treated m e very k indl y ; th e Cacique Coliqueo see m s a ver y decent fe l lo w

t .
The lands are very course nothing but « paj a « pa sto puna and the ha 1 d
, , ,
thistles ; the y are onl y fi t for horned cattle and w ill tak e a l on g ti m e fo r ,
r efining before bein g fit for sheep on m y w a y out I sa w several fl o cks

,
.
,
s ound a nd 1 1] good condition ; th e usual run for a flock is a coupl e of lea gues
ever y w ay The ca m ps aboun d 1 n deer and par tridges The chie f English
. .
estan cie ro s are Do w ling a n d Gay nor w ho are m ost hosp itable to strang e rs ,
.
the y ha ve so m e stock on t he ii lands A batch of enterprisin g y oung .
E nglish m en w ould do w ell out h ere and could ea sil y get cattle to star t ,
w ith . Land is to be had on all sides for sale f ro m Bra gado to the frontier
the pric e of land in « e nfite usis» is fro m to p er lea gue .
vs nvr n- Y -
cm c o . DE MA YO , 71
C rossing , t h e frontier line y ou c an get la nd for nothing and of a better

,
-
,
1
.
there are sever al es tancia s as far as 1 5 l e a gues be y on d th e

'
eve de Juli oisa w ell b uilt t o w n w ith a fi ne v ie w of the co unt ry for

-
,
about fi ve lea nes around : the J usti ce of Pea ce isa m ost hos pitable m an
'
n
,
a nd well lik ed by the Settlers » .
A m ong the E nglish m en recentl y esta bl ished in this di stri ct are Mr .
E d w ard Gill y at o f the Es ta ncia Esp a rtil l are s, a nd Mr Patrick MacD onn e l l .
o f E sta n cia L on ca n e g
.
Unz ue Her m anos a re t he largest lan de d rop rietors i n the partid o The p .
ca m ps are excellent for cattle dz c and last season fa t shee p w ere sol d ,
.
a t $ 3 0 m,@ There are « poblacion e s » 1 0 l ea gues o utside the t ow n of 9 de Julio . .
Th e to w n hasi m prov ed rapidl y al l the h o us es being a zoteas It ha s fo ur ,

.
« fonda s 11 a ny a m ount of Billiards Church J uz ga do dz c The land is .

,
ing w heat m aiz e &c a

, , ,
fi rst class fo r gro w nd th e i m m ense « ca 11 a done s»

‘ '
. -
, ,
o ffer m an y a dv anta ges for the breeding a nd fattening of pigs ; a bran ch

of ind ustr y the m ost lucrati ve and le a st at tended to Ca mp that w a s bought .
t hree or fo ur y ears ag oat $ 40 0 00 a l eague is h ow w orth fro m $ 8 0 0 0 0 t o

, ,
$ 1 0 0 0 0,
0 (e n fit e usis right ) clear proo f tha t ca m p in the Nueve
,
de J ul io IS
a lucrati ve i nvest men t The E nglish m en hol d a nn ual steeple chases an d

' '
rac es a nd « tool t heir fil s» o ver s om e sti ff fen ces to the surprise of the
, ,
Ga uch os i n a st y le worth y of the old c ountry

'
, .
The ne w to w n will be situate 1 2 leagues W of 2 5 de May o , 9 S W of . . . .
Bragado , a n d 9 S of F ort l tuzaingo . .
Ve inte y Cz nco de Ma y o
’
- -
.
of Bue hos A y re s has an area of 2 1 0 square

' '
Situat e 3 5
'
leagu e sW .
,
l eagues The partid o i s b o unded on the N by th e Rio Salado , w hich

. .
separ ates it fro m Chi vil co y on the W by Brag ad oan d Nueve de J ulio and
,
.
,
o n t he S and E by Sa l adillo It co m pris e s 1 3 6 estan cias

. . . .
This is a rising p art ido m uch i n favor w i th sheep far m ers th e n u m be r

, ,
o f l u sh alone bei ng nearl y a thous and A few y ears a go it w a s al m os t .
looked upon as Indi an co untry An E nglis hman about 8 leagues be y ond the .
,
villa ge of 2 5 de M ayo w rites «I settled h er e in 1 8 6 4 and h ad Onl y one -
neigh bor n ow I h ave 3 0 houses in sight around m e I have bui l t a

, , .
c om fortable house p lanted trees and fen ced m a l arge cha cra In
, , .
the c are of sheep I find m ud walls a ns w er bes t for corrals ; m akin gthe m
fo ur fe e t h igh the y c ost m e $ 9 pe r y ard , and afford great sh el ter t othe
‘
72 T HE N oi Aim w ifsr é
'
rm F nonr i a s
'
.
sh eep 11 0 111 the cold w 1uds of w inter » Ther e is plent y of public l an d in

.
'
‘
this p artido , and this part of th e cou ntry is w ell suited for begin ners bein g
‘
W i thin a day s j ourney of t oivn v ia Merced es The l and is val ue d a t

’
, .
$ 0 0 g
‘
2 0 0 0
,
0 0 per leagu e Total valuation .1 3 0 9 0 0 a ai nst 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 , , , , ,
1 86 2 . Cont ribucion t ax $ 5 2 0 0 0 The ret,

urns of stock ,
a e
r — 2 8 9 .8 76 ,
co w s . h orses 5 59 9 fine sh eep 9 2 2 6 2 2 m estiz a sheep

, , , , ,
re ole sheep pi gs being a n a verage of 1 40 0 co w s 1 3 0 h orse s an d

, , , ,
5 ,0 0 0 she ep per s quare l eagu e The follo w ing a re the principal estan c ias
S . L e a gue s . Na me . 8 . L e a gu e s
”
S Uriz ué
.
, R ua , 2
F ernandez bro s, . Ol m os ,
.
1
1
A tucha ,
'
7 Ch a va rry ,
' {
Elayen ,
5 Elliff bros .
,
Peralt a, Cab re r a ,
Sésa , A ria s
'
,
”
O li ve ra , Rodrigu ez ,
Vil l a ra sa , Carr i zo
'
Gasp a rrou ,
I
Pe re da ,
’
Wrig ht br os .
B erraondo , p
Ge rge K e en ,
L ugone s, ’ ‘
Keen ,
H ae do ,
D avel , G eorge D ickson ,
Casava l l e , F Whelan
.
,
Carci , Quintan a ,
F erreyra , Z a m udio ,
Pinero , 1} L e guisam ou,

F ari as Cano ,
, 7}
Montero ,
5
’
I slas ,
.
Morillo , R o m ero ,
Galin dez , Ba rral e s,
G om ez ,
Gonsal ez ,
Risso ,
Martine z ,
Ghiral do , G utierr ez ,
Ba l de veint o , Monsa lvo ,
A L ezic a
.
,
Saaved ra ,
E fD iaz c1 1i
‘
z Casas
‘
~
, ,
D om iguez , n Y b arra ,
Ab rego ,
T H E N OR T H AN D W E ST F RO NT I ER S .
noted that in 1 8 6 1 th e r e we r e only she ep and n ow there a re ove r ,
a m il lion The I rish of this p artido a re vi sited by Father L eah y fro m th e

.
,
Fortin de A rec o
Th e village of 2 5 de M ayo w as until ve r y recentl y only a m ilitary
, , .
outp ost but no w it ha s

,
inh abitants a church s chools several shops
, , , ,
and 68 rateable ho u s es of thes e l ast th e best are th os e 0

B ivero Se n obia L alan n e b ros , Sanche z Co Bibol ini F ern andez
'
.
, ,
.
, , ,
Pe drasa I slas I barra B asab e M

'
, ,
a gda l e n e
,
and Bernedo all v a lue d at
, ,
a
,
$ 5 0 0 0
,
0 and u pw ard s The st te sc h ool s. are atte nded by 40 boysand 7 6
girl s Justice of Pea ce D on Vi c torin o Abre go ; C urate Rev Man ue l B
”
'
. . . .
,
So to fi Pos t master D on Pedro A 11 111111 1 ; Munici p ality six me mbe rs ;

l
.
, ,
Mun icl p al re venue $ 3 60 0 0 0 , ,
The to w n of 2 5 de M 1 2 leagues E of N u eve de Julio 8 N E of

"
. . .
,
Fo rt Cr u z de Gu of Sal adillo , 8 S W o f t he 11 121 Sal ad o, aud

:
erra 8 5 ,
. .
'
9 S E o
. f B ra gad
. o:
T H E W E S T ER N Pa n r m o s.
,
75
C H AP . VI .
T HE W ES T ER N P ARTIDO '
S .
F L OR E S -
TO C H I VI L C OY .
Sa n J os
e de F l ore s
'
S I T U AT E nearly t w o leagues w est of B uenos A yres is a subur b of the c ity ,
a nd has b een fully described 1 u S ection B pp 8 8 90 The p artido has onl y

,
. .
six square l e agues 11 1 111 11 11 entirely laid out in gardens m eado w s country
, , ,
hous es &c I ts far m ing stbck does not co unt 1 0 0 0 0 h ead of sh ee p a nd

,
.
,
ca ttl e The partido 1 s bounded 0 11 the north by Belgra no and Sa n 11 1 1 1 1 111

.
,
on th e w est by Mm o n a nd Matanz as on the s o uth by the Rive r Mata nza an d

, ,
on the east by the c ity of Buenos A yres There a re n o rivers or lagoons ,

.
but the soll i s ve ry rich and hi ghly cultivated The av erage valu e of land
' ’
.
.
i s assessed at per cuadra equal to , p e r s q u are league .
Total valuation in 1 8 6 2 Cont ribucion .
tax The Flores Road i s being at present pa ved and there i s

‘
, ,
also a proj ect for a tra m w ay to t o w n The village b oa sts a handso m e

.
'
church and st a te sch ool t h e latter attende d by 9 1 b oys and 1 2 6 girls

,
there are so m e sec ond rate shops and about

-
,
inhabitants Th e .
population of the p arti do co m prises A rgentines I talians 3 5 5 , ,
French 3 3 0 Spa niards 1 6 9 English 4 0 G er m ans 2 I ndians , 8 7 v arious

, , , ,
total
76
"
TH E WE S T ER N m rn o s .
The principal quintas valuations are ,
N am e .
N a me .
José Be rgal o ,
M Silva .
,
V Z avala .
,
H J Ropes
. .
,
P A lais .
,
S e nora Visil l a c
Catalin a N .
,
Be molle ,
V Marti nez .
,
T Fresco.
,
S Ne grot to
.
,
H Go w land
.
,
B Herber .
R Gaete .
,
,
J Coronel
.
,
F Gi m enez
.
,
S e nora D orre go ,
Villanueva ,
L Martinez .
,
V Silvera
.
,
D O livera .
,
G Rodriguez ,
.
A Pereyra , . J Piana
.
,
M Farias . M Pazos .
Charles D iehl ,
Me nd i ,
D avi d Methven ,
M C asares .
,
Galindez ,
A Conde .
,
A IJua re z ,
‘
.
U nz ue ,
P Ga m as
.
,
L S egurola .
,
Ms Giral de z
‘
J Rivadavia
.
,
St eg m ann ,
M Q uirno, . Be ul e ne z ,
Se iiora Por tela ,

'
"
'
Macbin -
, M Flo res ,
.
L a brue , A L ezica
.
,
F QM Cruz , . D el Pont ,
l an a z ,
. L acasa ,
S e nora Hurtado , Ponce ,
C Guedes.
, F L ezica
.
,
.
Erasp um e , C Murga
.
,
Segurola
B .
, Vr Martinez .
,
’
J Terreros
.
,
Soler s factory ,
L ore n z b Torre s ,
Velez Sa rsfi e l d ,
N avarro Viola ,
J Silva
.
,
M Morillo .
,
1. A Terreros
.
,
S e nora Ga rm e n di ,
Ech a p on ,
B ena vente ,
F Visil l a c
.
,
G D iche .
,
P Valle
.
Perez Millan , Segurola ,

78 T H E W ES T ER N Pa nr rn o s .
I ri sh has a noth er larg e e stancia at N avarro The est ancias o f

r e side n t s, a nd ,
.
Villa m ayor a nd Z a m ud io are on the borde rs o f L as Heras a nd those of ,
A nchorena and G uerr e ro are N of the A rroyo Morales Th e esta ncia lands . .
ar
'
a re l e ague
e assessed at
$ 9 6 0 0 0 0 pe r sq u Th e stock r eturn s are ,
.
co w s horses ,fine sheep m estiza shee p and , , ,
6 8 p 1 gs ; being a n a verage of 6 0 0 co w s 1 5 0 horses and 6 7 0 0 she ep p e r , ,
s quare leagu e .
The principal estancias are

N a me . Name . 8 L e a gu e s
.
.
Ez curra , Carriso , fa m ily ,
A l m araz ,
Robledo ,
B arne chea , Aguirre ,
M erlo fa m ily , ,
A lva rado .
A nch orena , Rodrigue z ,

. fam il y ,
J B Ra m os
. . G uerrero ,
Villa m ayor fa m ily , ,

Pa sdorf,
Thom a s Gsa ha n , Paez ,
'
M rse na s
.
,
Sosa ,
Z a m udio ; fa mily ,
There 70 ,
000 .
1
a cres of tilla ge . The
principal are ;
N a me . C ua dra s 1 . Na me .
E Ram os
. MGJIa ,
=
56 0 Mrs St ingl e r
-
.
,
D Posse , 59 4 H Sch oo
"
. . .
,
L in o L agos ,
42 6 l oba r fa m ily
‘
, ,
L a as heirs ’
, 50 6 Ez curra ,
J Elias
.
, 5 50 Villega s fa m ily , ,
Sra A chaval
.
,
“
179 Ro m e r
'
o ,
S G onsalez
.
, 2 66 Mendez ,
F Ma dero
.
, 5 80 F Bra vo .
,
F Madariaga,
.
6 60 M Ra m os Mej ia
.
,
The Ra m os Mep a p rop e 1 ty is exc eedingly valuable an d runs do w n to the ,
Ma tanzas rive 1 : it w a s originally a grant fro m the King of Spa in to D on

Juan de Garay A D 1 58 0 fo r a great v ict ory ga in e d by the latter over th e
,
. .
,
I ndians on th e banks of this rive r w h 1 ch henc e de r1 ve s its na m e « m atanza » .
, ,
( a gre at sla ughter ) T he fa m ilies f R a m os and Mad e ro h ave m agnificent

'
o . ,
r esiden ces built on th e ir grounds Th e va l ua t ion of the cha cra land s

. r
.
'
'
v ar ies fro m to per cuadra The distric t is a d m irably suited .
for agri culture bei ng iw e l l w atered ; fertile an d w ithi n easy reach of th e

, ,
city One of the firstifore ign se t tl e rs in this neighborhood , ab o ut 40 years

'
. . .
,
‘
1
SAN
‘
MA RT I N .
’
, 9
ago w as Mrs Hannah B urns wh ost a

,
. rte d a dairy far m h ere on t w o o r ,
-
,
three occasio ns her cattle w ere stolen fro m her during t he civil w a i s but ,
sh e as often resc ued the m going in pursuit w ith a pair of pistols stuck 1 u
,
h e r belt sh e s ubs eq uently took an estancia on the I ndia nfrontie r fortify ing
'
h er ho use w it h a fosse and ra m part on w h i ch sh e m ounted t w o fi e l d pieces ;

'
”
'
m ea nt im e her nephe w m anaged th e estan ci a near to w n This heroic .
w o m an at l ast died fro m taking a drink of cold w at er o n a hot day

in su mm er about fi fteen ye ars a go a t her frontier fortress age d
, , ,
dver sixt y ye ars .
Th e total valuation of th e partido of Ma tan zas is 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 aga ins t , , ,
in 1 8 6 1 Cont ribucion ta x $ 1 2 4 0 0 0 Th ere

. are barely fifty , ,
.
I rish in the district Th e population ret urns are—9 i7 Argentines 2 2 0

”
.
,
I talians 3 8 Spaniards 3 6 Ger m ans 3 0 Fr ench 5 English 3 7 others tot al

, , , , ,
13 1 3 There a re 2 2 5 houses and 3 3 8 ranchos including 2 8 p ul p e ria s : four

.
alcald es 2 0 tenientes 1 2 police m en

, ,
.
The v illa g e of S an J usto IS th e chief to w n of th e partido ; it h as a cou p l e

o f hundre d inh a bitan ts a chu rch state sch o ols t w odry good s stores an d
, ,
-
,
-
’
.
,
t here are only ni netee n r ateable house s th e best h e m g ,
Pica l uga Pelu ffo Elizald e an d Rest e c he valued fro m

’
, , , , ,
$ 5 0 ,
0 0 0 upward s G e n er a l Cohe s
a ha s a ve ry han dso m e q uinta not fa r ,
fro m the San Martin st ation w hich 1 s the nearest on the W estern Ra il w ay , .
The state schools are attended by 3 7 bo ys and 80 gi rls J usti ce of Peac e

-
.
,
D on Hil ari oSch o o w h o i s also post m ast er ; M unic ip ali ty six mem bers
' '
-
, , ,
Municipal revenue , $ 2 2 0 ,0 0 0 .
Sa n Ma rtin .
Situate four leagues N W of Buen o s A y res is a purely agri cultural . .
district w ith an area of thr e e a nd a half s qu ar e leagues Th e pa rt ido 1 s

,
-
.
bo u nded on the north by S an I sidro on th e w est by the River L as C onchas , ,
w h ich separa tes it fro m Moren o ont he south by Mo ron and F l or e s a nd on

’
, ,
the ea st hv Belgrano Th ere a re 93 ch am as , c o m prising 2 0 0 0 0 acre s

.
,
u nder tillage .
Th e land is v a lued at $ 1 6 0 0 per cuad ra or 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 per squar e , ,

‘
, ,
league Total val uation $ 9 0 0 0

. it did not for m a distinct partido m ,
The lands are v ery prod uct ive an d in a h igh s at e of cultivation .
F or m erly t her e w as a cab a na for th e p ures t Sax ony and Rambouil l et ra m s,

started by S e nor Vedi a b t the est blis h m ent sold 4 86 7
'
,
u a w as o it 111
T HE .
W E ST E RN 9 11 11 1 111 0 5 .
The princ ipal ch acra s are a s follo w

N ame . . Cu a dra s . Nm e a .
Ma n uél L y n ch
,
0
,
90 0 M Funes ,
.
L eonardo Pereyra ,
1 91 ,
Blan co ,
Jacob Fio rini ,

3 20 Bonich e ,
F I gartua
.
2 7 5 3; F L una .
,
A guir 1 e, 2 40 A Sa l gue ro ,
.
"
,
J D e sp uy
.
,
V
” 1 60
'
M Mir o .
,
1
F B allester
.
,
1 50 M Sanchez .
,
S anta mari a ,
1 40 FHué , 65
R Kra t z e us t e l n 120 M B allest e r, 1 10
villag e of S an Martin is a m ere ha m let situ ate onthe ri g ht bf t he
The , . .
Western Ra il w ay : it has a c hurch sch ool a nd forty one rat e abl e hou ses , ,
-
,
Lo mba rdo , f va m ar a,
(i
a l ue d fro m 4
$ 0 066 u p w ards Th e
a rid Cl a urure ,
r et urns of stoc k are ? co w s 8 6 2 ho rses 7 5 fine sh e ep m estiz a , , ,
Sheep a n d , 1 3 6 pigs
} .
,
Th er e 1 55 houses an d 42 6 r an cho s 1 ncl ud1 ng 3 ,
shops and 2 2 p ul p e ria s The r eturn s of populat ion are — 1 8 4 4 A rg e nt ines

:
'
50 4 I talians 1 1 3 Sp aniards 1 0 7 French 6 E, nglish 1 1 11 111116 9 , ,
total 2 ,66 6 There are 4 alc al des , 1 6 tenie ntes , a n d 9 polic eme n
1
. .
ba ci o n t a x 3 3 6 00 0 Justic e of Pea ce D on Juan M Cam po s Cura te

, , ,
.
.
,
J os e L e on e t i; P os tm aster , Don Eust a guio Mar 1 11 sa h Mart in w ill

.
.
in crease in 1 m portance w hen Mes srs Rubi o F oley carry out ther projected .
rail w ay fr o m Floresta to the L u x an river .
The v illage of M oron 1 5 one of th e m ost i m port an t stat ions on the Western
Rail w ay distant ab out fourt ee n m
,
iles west of the city of Buenos Ay res .
I t is the head of the p arti do of th e sa m e na m e w hich incl ud ing the v illag e ,
ha s about soul s m ore than tw o thi rds of these a re fore igners,

-
.
The partido is bounde d on the N W by the Rio L as Concha s w hich . .

,
s eparates it fro m Moreno on the W by Merlo on th e S by Ma ta n sa s an d ,

.
,
.
,
on th e E b Fl or es
y T he R io L a s Conch as and its tributary
.
,
the C a na da de
Moron are the o nly w at e r courses of the district
.
-
. 1
Moron is a great ;re sort for fa m ilies passing the s um m e r in th e co un try

,
,
u .
,
b e in g an hou r s rid e in the cars fr om th e city an d i s g ene ra lly con sid e red
’
, ,
healthy ;I ts ap p e arance l s l iye l y and important , and it is undo ubtedly

'
.
, _
82 T HE W E ST ER N p a nr m os .
There are . 19 4 ch acras , of w hich th e fol l o wing are the p rin cip al
é
'
Nam Vahi
“
e
: {
cams , 10 0
4 42 ,0 0 0 R .
Ma r quez , 1 0 0 , 0 00
C astex 3 00 , 0 0 0
'
, v D ia z
.
,
D a vo ve dp , Ari spe 0
2 0 ,
P .
,
Bl a ti ns R: Mej i a 2 0 030 0 0
'
Ko ck ,
J.
,
Ex Ra m os Mej ia
. Garcia , J.
,
A Manzanares
. Pellon
, L .
,
J Elia s R odrig u ez 0 00 F
'
.
, .
,
’
J oh n Bra ck , P Rusio 1 50 .
, ,
Sra Alarcon F S m all

’
.
, .
,
S ra Puy rre don

.
an s St eg man
, 13 0 0 00 .
,
F Ma de io
.
, sm Giles 10 0 0 0 0 .
, ,
S L ol a J ohn Cornell 1 3 2 0 00
'
.
, , ,
A Juarez
. '
, F Acost a; 10 0 0 0 0 .
,
10 0 0 00
'
L Gi
. ibe l er P A l v arado , .
,
A race co urs e a nd fair grounds (uniting pl e asur e w ith utility ) are about;
-
b eing est ablis hed nea r the village This enterprise is regar ded w ith .
i nterest and w hen c o m p l eted w il l undoubte dly attra ct tho u

, sands of ,
visitors .
The s m aller hold i ngs of Gerald D illo n Van Pra dt W Tinson Joh n , , ,
L ang don a nd m any othe rs w ere also incl uded but m os t of t hese are n o
’
, ,
l onger df thi s partido The returns o f stock at that ti m e 11 ere —4 9 3 6 .

,
m esti z a s h e ep creo le
'
c ow s , hors e s fi ne sh eep , , ,
s heep b ein g an a verage o f 1 2 0 co w s 50 horses and 80 0 sheep per sq uar e

, .
, ,
l eag ue T h e extent of the partid o w a s 4 0 sq ua 1 e leagues ; val u a tio n

’
i n 18 6 2 and in 1 8 6 5 The v alu ati on of land is

, .
$ 80 0 0 0 0 p e 1 leag ue for estancias a

, nd to $ 1 5 0 0 p e 1 c uadra for , ,
cha cras Th e traveller w ill b e m uc h st i n e k w i th the elegant s tyle of the

.
c o untry sea t s of Mr Collin

-
D on Fr ra n ci sco Madero an d the l a m il ie s of
.
, ,
R a m os Mejia M1 Co lli n IS a leading A m eri can m erchant 1 n Bueno s Ayre s

. .
,
a nd has contributed much to the ad va nce m ent of Moron ; his residence ,
called 0 11 10 Park is fit te d up in the best A m er ican style and provided w ith
, ,
a l l t he late s t i m prov e m en ts 1 11 a gr1 cul t ura l i m ple m ents and m achinery

'
There i s a sm all theatre at Moron w here balls are given in the su m mer ,
s eason s The sta te school s are attend ed by 6 5 boys and 8 0 gir l s Th e

.
‘
E nglish res ide nt s a 1 e about fifty in num ber Justice of Peace Don Miguel .
,
Naon ; C urate Re v Francisco Ro m ero ; Post m aster Don An dres Abascal ;

,
.
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,
Municip a l it v s ix m e m bers Mun icipal re venue ,

83
Mo ron is 2 3, le a g ues N of the Mata uz a surive r 2 S E of Rio de L a s

’
. . .
,
Conchas 9 N N E of Ca uue l a s an d 9 E of Vill a L ux a n

,
. . .
,
. .
Situate 7 leagues W of B ue nos A y r es is a n e w p ar tido for m erl y co m

.
,
prised in that of Moron : it is bounde d on the N a nd W by More n o fro m . .

,
w hich it is separated by th e R iver Concha s on the S by Mata nzas an d on ,

.
,
the E by Moron It has an a rea of 1 41} s quare l ea gu es and the prin cipal
. .
-
es ta nc ias have be en al re ad y m ent ioned in spe ak in g of Moron M W y att . .
S m y th s e stablish m ent is o ften vis ited by strangers fro m E urope the ar

’
,
ra ng e m ents be i ng in e x cellent order and gi ving a favora ble i m pression of ,
ca m p life : there is a good d e al of l and under g ra in and the estan cia is ,
w ith in a short d ista nce of eithe r t he Me rlo or Moreno s tations There are .
n u m bers of Irish shee p fa rm ers a nd p ue st e ros in this p art ido and the tota l
-
,
E nglish population num bers over 3 0 0 The est a n cias o f D on J ua n Dil lon .
an d Mr Pe a rso n are near the v illa ge of Merlo

. .
The s t ock returns a re .
c o ws hor ses,
fi ne sheep m estiz a do
, 6 6 4 pigs , , .
,
bein g a n a v e rage o f 50 0 co w s 3 0 0 hors es and she e p pe r squar e

, ,
Ther e are 1 1 6 chac ra s cover ing m or e th an

.
l eague . a c re s of tilled
,
‘
laud Po p ul ation ret urn s Argentines 1 58 E ngli sh 1 10 Spa niards

‘
.
, , ,
5 2 Ital ian s S i French 2 Ger m an s 1 8 various : tot al

, ,
There are 7 2 ,
h ouses and 2 5 4 ran chos : 4 Alca ldes 1 9 tenientes , and 6 po li ce m en , .
'
Merlo is an insignificant h a m let w ith a fe w h undr ed inhabitan ts a

f ‘
Justic e of Peac e Mu nic ipality state school s a n d G othic chapel

.
,
The
,
-
, .
'
for m er J a sti ce of Peace w a s Don Juau Dillon a gentle m a n of I ri sh de sc ent ,

,
a n d until re c e ntl y there w a s an I ris h c urat e Re v P J Dillon now . . . .

,
Dioce san P rofessor o f Theology There are 1 8 rateable h ous es That . .
bu ilt b y Mr : Bo yd is a neat coun t ry h ouse and a m on g the fo r e ign residents -

,
are Messrs John Ma clean Blu m stein a nd Rich m ond There is a larg e
.
, , .
m ill in the neighborh ood bel onging to M essrs Blu m stein and La Roch e
,
. .
The b ranch rail w ay t o Lobos w ill start fro m Merlo J us ti ce of Peac e .
A ntoni o Jua re z Post m aster D Juan Dillon Municipa l it y six m e m ber s

,
-
.
, ,
Mimicip a l revenue The state schools are attended by 4 0 bo y s -
a n d i?
t » girl s .
Moreno .
Sit uat e S lea gues W of B ue nos A yr es , . ha s a n a rea of 10 square l a gue s, e
co m p ri sing 2 5 e stancias a nd 8 3 chacr as .

T HE W E ST ER N PAR T ID O S .
"
Th e prin c ipal est ancias ar e
‘ -
Na m e. S . Le a gue s N am e , S .
, D e ag u
ee .
Alvarez N L astra 3} 2 3; .
Sra Ra m irez . O ca m po fa m il y } , , 7
Pon cel a J Costa .

,
F .
é R C asco n
g 1 .
, ,
o
.
The partido is boun de d o n th e N Iby Pilar from : wh ich it i s sepa r a ted by

'
.
, ,
thei Arro y o E s c ob ar, on th e W by L u x a n o n t he S by L as Heras ; a nd on

' ’
. . .
,
"
'
The Al vare z estancia o ccup y ing one fo urt h of the

'
'
'
the E by M e rlo . .
,
- ‘
'
artido is a ter ed by t he Arro y o s L a Choz a a nd Sa uce fl and bise cted b

p w , y
the l iue of ra il wa y running w est w ard to
'
Th e lands of Alcort a
‘ ‘
‘ '
- -
and Ca scO a re si tuate On the Arro y o de 1 e rros an a lfl ue nt of the Conchas

' '
.
’
,
.
1;
The pri ncipal ch acras are thos e of Carranz a ; Gut ie rre z ; ; Posse We sters
3
,
'
'
vie re ; 5that of Ca rra uz a cove iin g a thousan d a cre s 1be a utiful l

‘
’
a n d Gor
‘
f '
y
.
cul t iva t e d u The caba na of the late Sr Alcorta is a ha ndso m e propert y

‘
.
,
valued Ther e are not m any of our country m en i n this

'
partido their n u mber h ardl y exceedin g 1 0 0 the y are v isited by Re v J

‘ ’
, . .
O Re il l y fro m Villa L uxa u Agric ulture is m aking m uch progress th ere

’ '
.
,
be ing o ve r 1 2 0 0 0 acres un de r t il l a ge
'
The stock returns a re ‘

'
~
- .
,
.
c ow s h ors es 1 5 0 fine sheep

,
m estiz a , ,
a nd 8 1 0 pigs,being an avera ge of 6 0 0 co w s 4 0 0 horses and 1 5 0 0 0 5 heep , , , ,
to th e square leagu e The lan d is valued at p e r l e a gue Total . , .
'
valu ation 6 m illions Cont ribucion t ax Population return s ,

“
Argentin es 1 56 F renc h 7 8 Ital ians 4 1 E nglish 3 5 various 6 1
, , , , ,
Spaniards 2 Ger m ans ; total ,

Ther e are 6 3 h ouses and 3 1 9 ran chos ;
3 al c alde s 10 tenientes 7 police m en a nd 2 5 4 National Guards
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, , ,
The village of Moreno consists of 3 5 houses a nd a do zen s h ops irre gu

l a rl y grouped around a large plaza There are al so a church state sch ools .
,
-
,
’
a n d a good inn (L a b astie ) The tra veller s notic e w ill be attracted by an
‘
.
unfi nished build ing at a corner of the pl aza w ith a l ofty « m irador » ; this ‘ ‘
,
n
w a s the w ork of a French m an e m plo y ed to b uild th e church who die d

'
suddenl y before com p l e tin his p ict uresqu e a bcdc Moreno w a s a pla ce of
'
so m e t 1 ifling i m portance w he n it w a s the ter m inus of the W e ste i n Ra il w a y ,
b ut now it is dropping to deca y The state schools are attended by 3 0 boy s .

-
a nd 3 4 girls J ustice of Pea ce , Don E m ilio Carra nza ; Pos t m a ster D ou

.
,
F elipe Vice n te r Municipalit y fi ve m e m bers ; Municipal revenue , ,
The onl y E nglish residents w h o ha ve houses in the villa ge are

Me ssrs !He ury Goivl a ud and
.
Mrs Be ute fuhr has a n
'
e xtensi ve da ir y, w ith stea m sen ds in the butt e r ; by _ ,

86 TH E w nsrnmy BART ID O S .
The p a rtido is bou nded on t he N by Capill a del Se nor on the N W , .

,
. .
by Giles o n th e W by M er cedes , 0 11 th e S by Navarro an d Las Her as a nd

,
. .
,
on the p ast by Moren o .
The chief estancias are th e follo w ing

Na m e . 8 . Le a gu e . Na m e . 8 . L eague .
O l ivera ,
as Mrs Maxw ell .
,
N Gonsal ez
, ,
1 7}
7
P B urgess
, ,
M Biaus
.
,
1 1} J Contreras
.
,
1
C ruz Casas ,
1% ,
J Benites ,
Peter Ha m , David Clavi n,

l '
l Rod ri guez fa m ily , ,
P G oraghan ,
. John Boris,
B Ir igo y en
. S Casas
.
,
L L agos ,
. Sra Carab allo ,
L Case y ,
.
Ch eves
,
fa m il y ,
0 L y n ch
.
,
Can o fa m il y , ,
y
’
L Op e z fa m il y , , Ca sco , fa m il ; .
M a nz ana res , Ale xander Cook

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Pache co s hei rs Cor do va fam il y , ,
Villal ba , Gutier rez fa m il y , ,
Villarino , M Kenn y
.
,
Ulri ch Cc .
,
D Kenny
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,
Navarro fa m il y , ,
Mendez fa m il y , ,
R Peralta .
,
Pe nalv a fa m il y , ,
P C ol m a n
.
, Ba m iil e z fa m il y ,
Sra Ach a val , g Saavedra fa m il y , ,
John Br ow n ,
This ha s al w ay sbe e n a fa vor1 te p a 1 t 1 do for sheep Wfa rm e rs on accoun t of its -
ce nt ral position and fine ca m ps It is w atered by the L ux a n river and the . .
arroy os L a Choza D urazno , Arias 5 0 L a nd w a s sol d a fe w y ears ago so

,
, ,
1 1
.
hi gh as st erling per square league o w ing to th e great co m petition ,
a m on g Iri sh m e n the m selves The oilicia l valuatio n is little m ore tha n .

,
a third of that sum vi l u e Total v aluat ion 2 2 0 0 0

z
p e e a g
-
,
r ,
. . ,
against in 1 8 6 2 Con t ribucion tax The Irish .

,
popul ation i n the partido is ove r and the y are for the m ost par t
th riving an d industri ous Several of th e m are po ss ess ors of dec e nt .
fortunes w ith valuab l e tracts of land and thousands of super ior m estiz a sheep
,
.
Besides the est a nciero s abo ve na m ed there are h undre ds on r ented lan d -
or in partnership as m edianeros .
' '
J
L ur a n f 87
'
The I rish s e ttlers are so nu m ero us th at the y fo rm m or e th an h alf th e

'
p opu latio n of the part id o ; incl udi ng of cour se th e i r childre n be are ,
d o w n in the o fficial ret u rn s as Argentines They were the first t o try

‘
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,
s heep far m i
-
n whi ch n ow for m s t he r i ch es of th e distri ct and of Bu en o
g ,
s
A yr e s the partido of L uxa n y ielding over

,
arrob es of w ool say ,
3 0 0 0 g p e r a nnu m w orth £ 5 0 ster ling The st ran ger will do

"
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w ell to visit the es tanci a ; of M r Joh n Bro w n Messrs Ha m , Kell y Ca sey .

,
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,
L y nch and others The first n a med resides about t w o leagu e s south of
.
L ux an and ha s a fine esta ncia h ouse n e w l y built an d s urr ounded w ith a

,
-
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q uinta a n d p e ach plantation : our hospitabl e co untr ym an i s n at ive o

-
f Wex
ford a nd has resided m an y y ears in the c ountr y An eas y gall op of h alf an
,
.
hou r furth e r south ta kes us to Mr Ha m m s larg e estancia w h er e the o w ne r .

’
,
w ill g ive y o u dinner and bed and y ou can start next m o rning for C ase y 8 ,
’
,
a n ot her valuable est ablish m ent in the dir ectio n of Navarro ,

.
Mr O w en L y nch 5 estan ci a is near M o ’

reno W 1 th a c om fortable far m
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,
h ou se Fi tz si m m ons Burgess a nd M urph y are north o f t he R ive rLujan ;

.
,
Ga ra gh a n and Cruz Casas a re south of L a Choz a l r i goy e n Lago s an d Davi d , , .
Clavi n l ie b et w een t h e Arro y o Durazn o and L a Cho z a The large estan ci a

.
"
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o f Don Do m ingo O liviera is tra v ersed by th e ra il w a y and w ater e d on eithe r ,
s ide by the L ujan river and Canada de Arias .
The offi ci al return s of sto ck are —1 6 2 2 3 co w s 9 5 3 6 hors es 7 50 fine , , , ,
sh eep 7 90 40 0 m estiz a ditto

, ,
creole ditto and ,
pigs ; bein g an ,
averag e of 4 0 0 co w s 2 50 horses and 2 0 0 0 0 shee p per s u are lea gue Th e

q
.
, , ,
l and sare greatl y over stocked having fully doubl e their proper c om ple m ent
-
,
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In seasons of drought t he l osse s h ave b een rui no us but there i s usuall y i n

'
s u m m er a g r eat c rop of thistles w hich protects t he y o ung gra ss fro m th e

s co rchi n g heat The land south of th e to w n isso m e o f the r i chest in th e
.
provinc e espe ci all y a vein of fiv e or si x le a gu es in w idth w hich runs fro m

,
Mor e no to L eones a distance of ab out fourteen leagu es In th e n orth and .
n or th w est the l a i
,
id IS good but nea r the to w n it is light and un certain

,
.
Thi s partido 1 s not at all suited for be gi11 ne rs l f th e Municipality w ould .
euco m age a gric ulture by besto w ing farm lots a s in t h e Sw iss Colon y of -
,
Baradero it w ould add i m m ensel y to th e w e alt h and im p ortan ce of th e partido

, .
Agr iculture 1 3 m aking so m e p rogress there being 3 6 3 c h acras w ith a n , .
e xtent of 1 2 0 0 0 acres un der til l age or abo ut a n ave ra ge o f eight cua dras
’
, , i
t o ea ch cha cra Most of these are in t he i m m edi ate vicin it y of the to wn

.
,
and Italians an d oth er foreigners raise w hea t , vegetables and fruit in large
qu antities The traffic w ith the neighb oring partidos by m e ans of bullock J ,
-
c ar t s w as for a l ong ti m e m u ch im p e de d by the di ffi cult pa sses of the L u

, j a n
a nd other rivers , but now bridges are at all th e points of m ost i m port an ce .
88 TH E WES T ERN ,
p a nr m o s
'
.
The fine fa m il y of O livera is 3 % lea g ues ia ' ’
- .
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,
, ,
extent and s i tuate d in t h is p a rtido b et w een the t o w ns of L ux a n and ,

,
, :
‘
Mercede s Du the e stancia there are fi ve large

. and no les s th a n '
'
t hirt y yfi ve « puestos » the m ajorit y of w hich are rented t O Irish e st ancieros

‘
, ,
,
a nd th e re m ain der are use d by the proprietor a s stations for « cap ones » . .
se nt in to the Bue nos Ay re s m a rk e t from his other esta n cia called L a ,

.
Pot ril l a The follo wing is a l is t of the principal ten ants on t h e l a u d

. .
Na m e . P ue stos . Na m e . Pue stos ,
Bern ard fl Tho m as W hite

e a vy , 1 4 ,
Joh n Bro w n , 3 Pierre El icabe 1 ,
B ernard L y nes 2 J oh n Sl a m m on
, 1 ,
M ichael Gardner , 4 Joseph M L a ughl in , 1

‘
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J oh n K e lly , 1 Tho m as Kan e 1 ,
Patr ick Sulli van , 1 Jam es Doughton 1 ,
Thp m a s Keegan 1 .
Lorenzo Carcagn e , 1 ,
J Keenan
-
. 1 Tho m as Clavin
, 1 ,
O n the ri ver L UJMI e nd a bout e ig11 t squares fro m the princi p al station of
‘
, ,
"
the W e st e rn rail w ay i s the station called O livera w hi ch i s a great
.
, ,
conve nie n e e for t h ose living on this estate the fa rm e rs be in g able to s end ,
.
“
th eir w ool and hides by rail into to w n at 2 5 per cent less t h an w hat is .
'
charged by b ullock carts The estan cia is w i thin three h ours ride of t ow n ;
.
« capones » fro m the es t an cia can also be sent b

y r ail t w ic e a day to to w n ;
In the Est an e ia de las Aca cias w hich is onl y six squares fro m th e rail w ay ,
station is the fi ne ra m breeding e stablish m ent so w ell kno w n ; on e flo ck is

,
co m posed of p ure Ra m bouillet sele cte d fro m the [locks of the celebrate d ,
French far m of M Gilbert de W ide vil l e ; there is also another flo ck

.
,
he ad of pure Ne gre tt e s fro m the Re m e die s w hich i s b e ing crosse d w ith , ,

f
R a m bouillet The estan cia is fronted by th e r iver Luj an for a league an d

.
a half
-
and on the opposit e side has the Arroy o de Arias fro m w hen ce
, ,
Springs the fine river L a s Concha s w hi ch falls into th e Paran a in front of

'
-
, ,
the to w n of the sa m e na m e The l a nd i s extre m el y fertile and along the .

,
Rive r Lujan high and a dapted for chacras and on the other side the land is , ,
,
l ow ski rted by bea utif ul « ba nados » a n d p e cul ia rl y adapted for sheep

, ,
,
far m ing bein g freed fro m all danger of drought The fa m il y of O liver a
,
.
h a s a l so a fi ne estan ci a inthe partido 2 5 de Ma y o six lea gues dis ta nt fro m -

,
that to w n and six le a gues in extent It is fronted by the R iver Saladillo

, .
,
a nd th e w ell kno w n « laguna » c al led Potrillo There a re t h irty « puesto s » '

-
. ,
on th e land an d about fi ne m e st iz a sheep n e a rl y : a l l cared by

, ,
‘
e
,
Iri shm an w h o hold th e fl ocks on thirds There are a l s0 in this estat e '
r ‘
.
a bo ut he ad o f horned c attle , a nd 50 0 m are s, divided into differe nt . .

90 T HE W E STERN PAR T ID O 5 .
chur ch w as be gu n in 1 7 60 and fi nishe d thre e y ears later The p l ace w a s

‘
b e s ie g ed by the Indi a ns and m iraculo usl y sa ved by a fog 1 11 1 7 8 0 At the .
b e ginni ng o f t he pr ese n t centur y it w a s the s t arting point for traveller s

p ro cee ding to th e u pper Provin ce s ; a ud during the English i nva sion of ,
’ ‘
1 8 0 6 the v i Linier s e caped hither fi B A ith the b ullion and

o
ce r y s r 0 n y re s w 1
-
1 . .
,
t reasures of the Ca b ildo In 1 8 3 2 Rosas im p rison . edG e n Paz and k ept h im , .
h er e sev e n y ea rs The popula tion of the to w n at p resent an d ther e
a re t w o handso m e S tate s ch ools The p y ra m id 1 n the P l a z a b e ars a b u st of

-
.
Ge n Be l gra uo Un de 1 t h elast Justi ce of Pea ce grea t i m pro ve m e nts w er e

. .
m a d e; t he lam p p osts in the Plaz a w ere pro cured fr o m E ngland a nd a re t he

s am e a s used in L on don T he ch urch IS fa m o us for a n antique st at ue of the
v
Bless e d Virgin a nd ha s been re centl y repaired by G overno r Saave dr a a t

, ,
.
a n ou tl a
y of The n e w bells h a ve been c ast in Buenos A y res : th e
'
‘ '
. .
,
o l d ones w e re cra ck e dj iir r in ing for h e o ve rt hro w of Gen O ribe

'
g t
'
. . v
, ,
-
The curate w il l ysho w ; the shrine o f the ( V irgin ; w hi ch is no ‘l es s
, , .
,
. .
r em arkable for its anti quit y th an for the n um ber oft pil gri m s w h o c o m e
,
-
.
- -
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.
h ither f ro m th e upper Provi nces and o ther countr ies of South A m eric a Il t .
is a bove t he hi gh al ta i and w e a s cend by a w i nding s ta ir w hi ch l ea ds into

,
-
a n apa rt m ent of the t urret on one side com m andm g a fine vi ew of th e

,
ca m pagna and on the other overl ooking the interior of the ch u rch Th e
,
.
offering s of silv er ar m s legs &c ex ceed 50 0 0 0 in nd m be r w eighin g

’
a l t o e t h e r several arr ob e
,
.
, ,
d s : the gifts last y ear a m o unted to fifteen pounds
“
o f s ilver . Befo re t he shrine is a sil ver l am p be aiiug the insc ripti on
A gusti n de C urie don a vit A D ,
,
. .
The to w n ta ke s it s na m e from t he rive 1 a nd th e latt e r f ro m a Spanish

'
'
1
o liice r w ho w a s killed here m a battle w ith the indians ; m ore than three
h un dr ed y e a rs
,
ho w ever is not so an c ient In t h e beg inning ,

.
o fthe eighte e nt h centu r a r i ch and devout lad of Su m a m p a i n B o l i

via p
y y , , u
e of the Blessed V irgin fro m Spain and it w a s b e in g

,
orde r e d a stat u ,
convey ed o verland fro m Bueno s Ay res w hen t he oxe n got tired at the ,
b anks of the Luj a n river a nd co ul d not be m ade to pro ceed furth er Thi s .
“
w a s t he first orig in of t h e s hr i ne In 1 7 4 4 it beca m e a frontier fort and . ,
w e h av e a record that the population of all the c a m p districts w as the n no
m or e than soul s Th e front ie i then ran south w ard by Nav arro ,

.
G uardia Monte and Chasco m us .
Luj an lo oks exce edingl y p retty and p icturesque fro m w h atever side w e
a pproa ch it the ch urch and cab ildo being conspi cuous obj ects
,
The Pla z a .
is very tasteful the st ree ts hav e m ore ani m ation tha n is usu al in ca m p
,
t o w ns a nd t here are seve ral excel le n

,
t sho ps inns coffee houses bill i ard , ,
-
,
roo m s , &c There are thre e fl our m ills and various brick kilns i n the
. .
1 15 11 0 1111 11 5, 91
n eighborh ood and th e c e m etery is sit u at e d on a h igh gr oun d be y on d the

.
,
river , w hich 1 5 crossed by a g ood b ridge The st reets m ur h re quire p aving . ,
being alm ost i m passable after rain The State school s are fine spaciou s .
buildings attended by 1 0 3 bo y s and 8 4 gir ls Ther e are t w o resi den t .
d octor s
,
and an a pothecar y The Irish cl e 1 gy m a u Re v J O Reilly r esi de s

.
,
. .
’
in the plaza : he ha s a librar y for the use of his p a1 l sh 1 ou e rs Nu m bers o f

respectable fa m ilies fro m Buenos A y res h ave co untry houses h er e an d -
,
co m e to spe nd a m o n th or t w o of th e h ot s ea son The an nual fete of th e .
to w n occurs on De ce m b er 8 and is att ended by the G overn or a nd o,

the r
th e fe stivities begin 11 ith a Hig h Mass a fter ,
w h ich j
rt ia and a banquet is give n b
y th e Ma n 1 c1
,
’
p a l ity ter m inati w ork s and a gra nd ba l l at the Cabil do

-
houses of w hich t he best bel ong to—Gruz

.
,
The to w n ha s ,
Casas Cheves Gintas Ca sal L e z cano E spinosa Garralda J a urre gui

, , , , , ,
Montiel Maldonado Qrm a ch e a P equeno, Ra m irez Sal guero Cruz Se in

, , , , , ,
and Ureta all valued fro m $ 1 0 0 0 0 0 up w ard s Th e m il l of Ja m m es an d

, ,
.
R oqu e 1 s valued nearly$ 5 0 0 0 00 an d t hat of J aurre guiat 8 1 50 0 0 0

,
Th e , ,
.
ofiicial retu rns o f pop ulation a re —Argentines “ 4 6 8 3 E nglis h , ,
Spaniards Ita l ians 6 1 3 French 5 2 6 Ger m ans 5 1 111dian s 4 vari ous , , ,
38 — total 2 92 There are 3 90 h ouses and 9 7 9 ra nc hos 6 al caldes 3 5

. .
,
teniente s 1 4 polic em en and 7 0 0 N at ion al Guards J ustice of Pea ce D on

,, ,
.
, ,
Andres L esc ano ; Gura t e , Rev M13 D ut e il ; Post m aster Don Jose Masil ; . .
,
S ta nd a rd ag ent D on C ruz Sein ,

M unicipalit y, six m e m bers ; Municip al
,
.
revenue $ 2 20 0 0 0
,
Villa L ux an 1 s 5 Tl e agues S of Ca pilla del Senor 6 E NE of Merc edes .

,
. . .
,
1 0 N N E of Navarro 1 2 N N W of Ga uue l a s an d 9 W of Moron

. . . . . . . .
, ,
Me rce des .
Situate 20
leagues W o f B ueno s A y re s is anoth er great and fl ourishin g
.
,
Irish settl e m ent , w ith an area o f 5 2 s quare lea gues cont aining 10 4 ,
estancias .
A griculture is not m aking such prog r ess as in m ore re m ote a n d les s

favo 1 ed doi stricts ; there are onl y 9 6 c h acras c overing a littl e over 15 00 0 , ,
a cres and most of these are gardens and pea ch plantations w h ic h s urround
,
the to w n for m or e than a m ile on ev e r y side The o ffi ci al return s o f .
p opulation are — 6 6 3 3 Argentines 7 2 6 Italians 556 E nglish 5 7 5 French

, , , , ,
3 69 Spaniards , 2 0 G er m an s 2 Indians 56 othe r s , total 8 ,9 3 7

,
There are , ,
.
‘
92 . T HE
{Q
.
1
l
'
4 56 houses ten 1 entes 1 4 p oh ce m e n

'
44
‘
‘
,
a nc ,
ci
p a l e st anéia s are
8 L e a gu es .
Unzu e , 8% M Mon tolla ,

.
A chaval fa m ily , F Flores

.
,
Gorostiaga , 3 Sra Rodriguez

.
P Fria s M T y rrell
'
.
, 1g ,
Pa t Fle m ing .
,
A ceituna ,
M Carranz a
.
Sra Bogarin .
,
M Bernal ,
. Bar ran cos } fam il y ,
S Costa
.
,
‘
In z ua ,
Mich a el Al l en
'
,
Tho m as L ed w ith ,
M Castilla ,
. J a m es M aguire , ‘
"
Dura nona ,
Silva fa m il y ,
R Monez fa m il y ,
.
, Galean o ,
Sra L obo , . John Sm ith .
Nicholas Lo w e ,
Tho m as Carney ,
Sra Sa u
’
R o d riguez 5 heirs , bide t ;
.
E Rosali a
.
, Ba z an ,
Aranguren fa m il y , , F Corr ea
.
,
Av ila fa m il y , ,
E Cabral
.
,
H Diehl .
,
Ba l vida re s,
Sra G o m ez .
,
N B a rrio
.
,
L auren ce Kell y ,
E Cardoso ,
.
Tho m as Maguire , E scudero ,

1
Vr e sbir ue t a , F unes ,
Tho m as Maguire
'
J Lue nge
.
, ,
L escano fa m il y , ,
Joh n Mah on ,
P Martinez
.
,
C Ga ra gh a n
.
,
L i m a fa m il y , ,
Ti m oth y Allen ,
Mic hael Mu1 ra y ,

John Connor ,
P Suarez.
,
J oh n D illon ,
F V illafa ne
.
,
John Flanagan ,
A Rom ero
.
,
Sra , Gil cs,
’
V Pueblas ,
. Irra z a bal ,
Sra Obe l ar .
‘
P at ric k Ke atin g ,
M D e l p ont , Martin
‘
w
.
E d ard ,
L Devoto br othe rs
‘
. R odriguez , ,
T . Fre y re , Patri ck M ur ph y ,
Wa siiina PAR T ID O S
'
94 1 11 1: .
b elongi n g to or c ared by Irishm en w hose nu m bers includ i ,
e xcee d a l e giti m at e souice of pri de to al l ‘
e s p e ciall y th En gl ish and Il l Sh dents to b e able t o p om

’
prospero us country m e n in th e c a m p w h o landed on th es e shor ,
ago w ith no other capital than a str ong ar in a nd an liohe st and lab ori o us
p urpose and w h o have turned th e desert ca m ps i nto valuabl e sheep fa r111 s
'
-
, ,
a n d g ained for the m se l ves the fortunes so nobly earned The Irish ine n of
'
a .
M e r c e des vie w ith th e m ost generous of their countr y m en either here or in t he

ol d countr in sup o ting th eir clerg and n t t ut 0 n Their parish prie st
y p r , y 1 s 1 1 s
is the Re v J L y n ch w h o has a l ibrar y for their use a t Merce des : m an y o f

. .
,
th e se ha ve th e ir daughters at s chool in the Irish Merc y con ven t a t B ueno s

A y res ; and e ach fa rriie r has also a t utor in his ho us e to educ ate the b o ys ;
this I S no les s tr ue of the other partid os w he rev e r I rish m en a re found ‘
.
,
T he st 0 ck ret urns are — 2 2 8 0 9 co w s , h orses 2 47 fi n e sh ee p,

, ,
m esti z a sh e e p 4 2 0 creol e sh e ep a nd 9 6 9 pi gs being an averag e

'
, , ,
2 60 11 o rse s and she ep per square league The land

'
o f 4 0 0 co w s , , 0
.
is m ost l y asses sed a t $ 50 0 0 0 0 bi 1 t so m e is so l ow a s 3 20 0 0 0 p e r sq ua ré

$
’
, , _ ,
and o tlie r p arts go 11 p to doiibl e th e last figure Tota l va l uat ibi1

' '
l e a giie ,
.
o f to w n and di against 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 86 2 Contribucion

'
st 1 ict , ,
.
ta v, $ 2 2 8 ,
0 0
The cit y 6 f Me rce des as it IS o flicia l l yst y led is one (if th e be st t o wns in t he
'
ca nip w ith a p o p u l a tio n of 3 0 0 0 s o uls It has man y handso m e publ ic .
,
,
1
fe v e ia l ha ck
t
b uild in gs a ne at plaza 3 3 ver y good sh op s t w o 1 n 11 s s
’ ‘
, , , ,
coaches t hie e doc tors an a p othe ca ry t vvo la wye rs publi c arid private
'
, , , ,
s chools a nd 3 3 2 rhte alil e hoiise s : of th ese last t he be st belo n g t0

‘ ‘
, _
Arang uren Sa ubidét Silva P ueblas Na p ol e on fl l on e s Martin ez

‘ '
, , , , ,
L obo L es Giraldo Guil l ot o E spil N Fresco Car doso

‘
.
, , , , ,
Cab ral a nd tez all val ued o ve r $ 1 0 0 0 0 0

,
The , ,
.
w i l l find e ver y i n for mation f1 om Mess rs Torroba Bros w ho have a large

'
.
,
w holesale a nd retail store at a cor de i o f the p l az a ; t he o w ners a re old , ,
but s peak English fl uen tly a n d do a g reat bhsine ss in gro ceries

‘
, ,
"
h ard w are dry l goods &c principall y With the Iiish shee fa r m ers : t h e
‘ '
p
- -
.
, , , .
house w a s established m 1 8 5 7 a nd has a branch at Chil vil coy The ne w ,

.
cab ildo 1 s a hands om e st ructure in the plaz a a n dha s a b all r oo m 1 0 0 fe e t

' ‘
-
, ,
lon g in w hich t he annu al ball and fest ivities are hel d on Se p t e m he r 2 ith
,
‘
the da y o f N uest ra Se no ra d e M e rced es The church is c om m odiou s and

‘ ‘ ‘
.
Well kept a nd oh Su nd a y m orni ng s it is C1 0 w de d w i th Irish m en , for w ho m

“
,
Fa ther L y nch c e lebrates Mass a nd so m eti mes give s a ser m on The state .
sch bol w as b uilt iii 1 8 66 at a c ost oi $ 46 0 0 0 0 : it has a fine fron t

‘ '
’
’
, ,
sup p orted by six D ori c col u m ns , and sur m ounted by a bal ustrade , w i th a
'
na m 95
’
e s
’
d ozen v a ses of t erra cotta : the boy s schoo l i s on the right and the girls
-
’
,
o n the left each ac co m m odat ing 2 0 0 pupils t h e w ings are res p e ctively
, ,
o cc upied by th e m aster and m istres s and hat e nice suite s o f roo m s Sr , . .
maldonado h as conducted the bo y s s chool fo r t e n y e ars w ith the ut m ost

’
s at isfa ctio n It w ill ag re eabl y surprise the st ra nger to fin d th e state

.
sch ools o f t his and other ca m p t o w ns so co m f o rt able a nd n e at l y furni shed

'
a n d the appe aranc e of the children so orderl y and r e s p e c table The .

’
Provincial branch ba nk i s under th e ch a rge of Do n Pe dro A rana

-
The .
r ail w a y station is of ver y large d i m ensions an d t aste full y finished ; i t is

u nder the dire ction of Se no r Vill ar ino w ho h as be e n e m p lo y ed 0 11 th e line ,
s ince its co m m en ce m ent : a n exce llent l un ch sa l oo n is atta ched to t he

’
s ta tion The theatre of t he t o w n is s m all and un co m fortable ; a Span is h

.
’
c om pany play s h ere onc e or t w ice a y ear L arroq ue s m ill is w ell w ort h a .
v isit ; it i s t w o m iles N o f the to w n clo se to the bridge over the L a xan

.
,
r i ver a nd w as b uil t in 1 8 56 at an ex p ense o f

,
ster l i n g It w o rk s
, .
by s t ea m as w e l l as w ater and ca n gr ind 1 0 0 fan e g as in 2 i h ours : th e

w a te r w h e e l is 3 0 —
,
a h orse , the s t e a m en gine l 5 h orse po w e r the lat ter - -

,
cons u m ing 1 } ton s of ce a l dail y T he m il l Lis th re e st ories hi gh and a

'
1 . .
,
fi ne v ie w of the surro und ing c ountry is obta in ed fro m t he r oo f S o m e of .
the quintas near the to w n are laid out w i th m uc h ta st e : the best a re thos e
of—Dura nona D e l e p ia ue Ro m ero L e rt ua
,
Salvo So l ve y ra Ca ne Punte
, , , , , , ,
P arody Ura rio Millan Mansilla L ec ot Lescano Iturrios Ga ribo ti

, , , , , , , ,
Ca m pora Bosq uia so and Arz e Me rcedes w a s called G ua rdia dc L ux a n a t

, ,
.
the beginning of the present centur y w he n it w a s he l d as a fro n tie r outpost ,

.
A great battle w as fought about t w o m iles w est w ard so m e fort y y ears ago ,
in w hich th e l ndia n s cut to pieces all th e ga rrison and a large w o oden cros s ,
m arks the s p o t o f the disaster Not far h ence the telegraph w 1 re s start o ff .
nort hw ard to Rosario The ce m e te ry of M ercedes is b adly kept ; it is

. .
be y ond the l i ne of ra i l w a y Se veral Buenos Ay re a n fa m ilies ha v e cou nt ry

.
hou se s near th e to w n an d co m e h e r e for t he su m m er m on t hs ; it is

,
'
’
three and a half hou rs j ourne y fro m Buenos A y res and there are t w o trains
-
ea ch w ay dail y The Western or Central Cri m in al Tri bun al res ides a t

.
Mercedes and there 1 5 a prison und e r the Cab ildo : the Cri m in a l Judge is
,
Dr .
; J ustice of Peace Don Pedro Sa ubide t I1 1 3 h C ur a te , ,
Re v J L y nc h ; Post n1 a ste r Don Ex e quie l La n divar ; S ta nd a rd agenc y

. -
, ,
Messrs Torroba Bro s ; M unicipality six m e m be rs ; M un i cipa l rev e n ue

.
, ,
$ 6 2 0 ,0 0 0 .
Mercedes is 4} leagues S o f Gile s 9 S E 1 .

,
. . of Ca r m en de Arec o it ,
B N E of Chi vilco y 1 1 N of t he Rio Sa l a ds

.
.
, , . 8 N N W of Navarro , and
. . .
6 W S W of L ux a n
. . . .
"
96 TH E W E ST R E N PAR T ID O S .
about 2 6 league s
Sit uate of Bue nos Ay re s is fa n e w ' ‘
.
ye t ,
properl y : organize d ; havi ng 1 neither off Pe a ce fn 0 r

'
1
,
b ut the p roba bl e sit e

‘
o th er p ubli c official There isno to w n of ‘ ‘
m a y be supposed to be on the estan cia "

.
'
’
of Don Man del Carra hz a Siw of
‘ ’
‘
' '
1 .
,
the L aguna de Leones and six l e a gue s due W of th e to w n Mer cedes Th e

'
. .
,
"
y
'
? Ca i m en de Ai e co on the W b
y
'
b d 11 dé d on the N
'
id ill b b
‘ ‘
‘
p a 1 t o w e u .
,
.
C ha cabuco and C hivil coy on t h e S by the W e st e m R ail w a y a nd Merce des , ,

1 1 .
a nd th e E by Me 1 e e de s ; w ith a n are a n ot exceeding 2 5 or 3 0 square

'
‘
league s The lands a re fertile and w ell w a t e 1 e d but e nti rel y devoted
'
.
-
,
to sheep far m i ng Th e : Arroy o J de Leo ne s is the prin cip al l w a t e r

-
.
'
-
'
cours e of the distric t there is also a lagoon calle d L a s Nutrias Th e

'
. .
estancias to be c o mprised 1 11 this n e w p art id o w il l prob a bl y be the follo w i ng

— Carn e y Ro drigue z Martinez Ca rranz a Diehl Barri o Co rrea Bogarin
, , , , ,
' ’
, , ,
B a r rancos Fre y re ; Bal vida re s Mo nes R uiz Suarez Villafane D ura nona
“
' ‘
, , , , , ,
Inz ua Silva ; Costa &c 1 w h ich have alread y been 1d escribed unde r t h e
’
;
»
, , ,
h eading o f Me rced es :W e Lh a ve n o Sto ck

‘ ’
. .
,
w h ich a re includ e d ia th os e of Mercedes The partido d erive s its na m e

‘
'
:
.
fro m a v icto ry over the Span iards in the w a r of Inde pend ence f ’
Ch ivil coy .
leagues W of B uenos A y res ha s a n area of 9 0 sq ua re l eagues

Situate 3 1 .
,
-
.
and m ay be regarded as th e cradle of a gricult ural ind ustr y in t hese

count ries More t han half the to ta l extent is un de r crop s there being 11 1)
. .
1
fe w e r th an 1 6 0 2 grain far m s w ith acre s under tillage thu s , ,
sh e w ing a n averag e of 40 cuadras to each cha cra of a n

'
.
a gric ultural settle m en t ha d long been agit a te d by Don Do m ingo Sar m ient o '
n ow Pr e sident of th e Rep u a s f0 1 1 nde d on Christ m as

( )
'
blic and the colon y \v ,

'
eve one of :th e fi rst iséttl e rs being Mr K ra use a Ger man .

'
t im e it w a s a bare desert , the sa m e a s I ndi an territor y a nd t h e fi rst settler s

“
1 '
had not e ven a tre e to sh e l tc1 the m b ut lived in bulloc k carts t ill th e y ,
-
w ere able to dig w ells and put up a fe w m ud ranch os Be fore a yea r .

'
elapsed the prog 1 ess of the pla c e w a s m arvellous a nd to day w hen l ooking ,
around the n um be 1 l e ss g 1 a 1 n far 1n s , handso m e quintas a nd fl ou1 ishiug to w n -

98 TH E W E ST ER N PAR T ID O S .
v Q
There are so m e large estan cias in the partido ,

th e principal bein g
N a me . a S . L e a gu e s . Na m e. S . L e a gue s ,
White Co .
,
'
52 Montenegro fa m il y , ,
if
Ba rroso
‘
T e rreros ,
10 ,
Goro sti ag a ,
3 Pere y ra fa m il y , ,
C ran w ell fa m il y , ,
35 Ma n s1 l l a ,
Barrios fa m il y ,
2} L ob os fa m il y , ,
B i a us ,
Sra . Am e sp il ,
Ronay n e ,
Valla dores Bros l .
R a m os ,
15 Barrancos fa m il v ,
L Op e z ,
4 C r uz ,
O vejero ,
2 D iaz fa m il y ,
.
Sousa fa m il y ,
3} M Rona y ne ,
.
,
V Torres
. 2 . F Morris .
,
The pa rtido is b ounded on the N by Car m en de A rec o and Chacabu c o .
on the W an d S by t he Ri o Salado
. w hich separates it fro m Bragado a n d
.
,
2 5 de Ma y o a nd on the E by Navarro and Mercedes

,
The largest esta nci a . .
is tha t of D 0 11 Juan N Te rre i o near Las Tosca s on the ba nks of t h e .

, ,
Salado the Ca nada de Peludos is the boundar y be tw een this estanci a

.
’
a n d Mr Do w ling s w hich latter is in th e partido of Chacabuco The
.
, ,
Cran w ell e stancia is S of l e rre ro 3 exten ding fl OIIl the cha cras of .
' ‘ ’
,
C hivilco y do w n to the Salado : it i s divided in to ni ne po rtions for Mrs ,

.
Cran w ell a nd her eight child ren The great establish m ent of Mr Ja m e s . .
White a n d Se nor Villarino i s one o f the finest in the w est and w ell w orth y ,
o f a visit it extends in a line of fou r le a gues fro m th e to w n of Chivi l coy

.
to the edge of the Salado and is de vo ted partl y to agricul ture and partl y ,
to grazing [ his w a s one o f the first m odel far m s in the countr y w he n

‘
.
,
tillage w a s fi rst experi m ente d here a nd Mr Whi te s enterprise and , .

’ '
i m prove m ents contri buted in 11 0 s m all degre e to s ti m ulate and pro m ot e

a gricultural ind us tr y in Chivilco y The count ry on all sides of Mr . .
White s pl ace for in il e s ar ound i s a suc cession of r ich grain fa rm s ; a nd a

’
, ,
-
couple of leagues further e ast is the estancia Sa n R o m a n the property o f ,
Don Ma nuel Lopez and crossin g the Ca nada Rica w e co m e to t he estancia ,
o f Mr Michael R on a y ne The lands of Biaus Montenegro and Ra m o s

. .
, ,
a re w ashed by th e Rio Salado thos e o f Pere y ra Souz a Ba rrios Roj a s and , ,
Barrancos are cl ose to the Arro s o Saladas w hi ch separa tes the m fro m ,
N a varro and Mercedes Th e grea ter part of the Gorostiaga estanci a is in .
'
the par tido of Ch ivilco y besides th i e c sq uare leagues in Me rce des , ,
a djoining : it co m prise s four establish m e n ts Sa n J ose Sa n Ber n a rdo Sa n , , ,
Pa tricio a nd Santa Trinidad e a ch of w hich has a lagoon of the sa m e na m e

, ,
cm e cox . 99
a nd estancia house and plan ta tion and a l arge st p ck of sheep and cattle ,
th e re is a rail w a y station on the land called after the pro p rietor , a nd ,
s ituate ab out m id w a y fro m F re yT e to Chivilcoy The lands abo ut C hi vilco y .
a re ver y l ow and w atered b

y the Arro y os Sa n Antonio Hinojo and Ca nada
, , ,
de Chivilco y w hi ch fall in to the Rio Salado The Lobo esta n cia is a couple
, .
o f leagues S W of Chivil co y a n d those of Torres a nd O vej ero are further

. .
,
w est w ard T he prolon ged line of rail w a y to Bra gado w i ll tra vers e th e
.
chacras inter vening bet w een the e states of White and G rau w el l a n d a cros s ,
the R io Salad o in front of the large e stancia of Don Mariano Biaus i n th e ,
p artido of Bra gado t his extension w i ll be 2 5 m iles lon g .
The returns of stock for Chivilco y are co w s horses , ,
8 2 5 fine sheep 8 7 m e stiza sheep

, creole and pi gs ; , ,
being an average o f co w s 8 0 0 horses and sheep pe r sq uare

, ,
l eague The land is vario usl y v alued fro m

. to pe r
league The Irish pop ulation is co m parati vel y s m all not exceedin g 2 0 0
.
,
in nu m ber : the y are v isite d by Father L y nch fro m Mercedes Th e official .

'
ret urns of po p ulation are Argentines 3 47 Italians 2 5 2 Sp a niards , , ,
2 2 0 Fren ch 8 4 English 2 ! Ger m ans 5 Indians 4 3 various : to ta l

, , , , ,
Th ere are 2 98 ho uses and ranc hos includin g 2 6 6 p ul p e ria s : 1 6

, ,
a lcaldes 5 2 teni entes I5 pol ic e m en a nd

,
1 6 National Guards
, ,
.
Chivilco y pro m ise s to b e the finest t o w n in the ca m p The streets ar e .
w ide the h ouses w ell b ui lt

,
the plaz a covers eigh t acres and the aspect of
-
,
the place is busy and prosperous T he b as is of its vitality consis ts in the .

«
chacras w hich for m a zone of rich fertilit y 0 11 all sides a nd the shops are
, ,
w ell supplied with m erchandise of ever y description There is a first rate .

-
club w i t h readi ng roo m 50 feet long billiard tables c offee r oo m &c the
,
-
,
-
,
-
,
.
,
exterior being de corated w ith m arble pillars A public li brar y has been .
rece ntl y started by Mr Krause to w hich President Sar m iento and Gener al
.
,
Mitre handso m el y contr ibuted There is al so a s m all theatre a nd a .
printing o ffi ce is about to be established T he s tate s chool is e xceed ingl y

-
.
-
hands o m e ; over the front i s a h andso m e statue of O ur Lord biddi ng little

ones to co m e unto him ; this is the w ork of M D ute il : the arrange m ents o f
,
.
the s chool are elegan t and co m m odious the at tendan ce nu m bering 1 0 ] ,
bo ys and 5 0 girls A c ouple of y ears ago a n e w church w a s co m m enced

.
,
on a sca le of unnecessa r y m agnitude ; the w orks have been o f course

abandoned after a fool ish o utlay of m one y and a ver y strange s p e ctacle
, ,
i s now presented by the p osts for m erl y use d for scaffol ding w h i ch ha ve ,
taken root and blosso m ed lux uriantl y The be st shops are in the plaza .
,
a n d that of Torroba Brothers is a rendez vo us for English neighbors Th e .
t o w n ha s a doctor , apothecar y , photographer , auctioneer , and 8 5 shops ,

G G2
10 0 TH E W E ST ER N Pa nr rnos .
The a cique C ol iqueo and so m e of h is friendl y India ns so m eti m es vi sit th e

c
to w n to b uy n ece ssaries There are 2 3 7 rateable houses of w hich th e
.
,
b est a re tho se b el onging to

Villegas ,
Valentino
O rtega ,
O neto,
Pa y ro ,
Pe yra s ,
P ochic a ,
Pe y e an o ,
Re y D re sco Co
“J
.
’
Sa nch ez ,
'
Sua re z ,
l
-
Rod riguez ,
Medina
L ac e ; 1
Li m a
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,
'
L o pez
'
G rosso ,
“Ther e is a large pro ortion o f t w o stor h ouses giving the to w n quit e a

p y
-
,
E uropean look Castagnino s quinta is exceedingl y prett y and those of

.
’
,
K 1 a us c and Ra ng e are fa m o us for deli cious

p ea che s The ra i l w a y s tati on .
is a t so m e dist a nce fro m the to w n but there are al w a y s ha ck coach e s in

,
-
w ai ting foi the train s Th e Journe y to B uenos Ay res ta kes 52 hours a nd

.
,
there are t w o trains dail y each w a y J us tice of Pea ce Don F e der ico E
, .
,
.
Gonsalez ; C urate Rev Se ve re Soria ; Post ma ster D on J ose E scala ;

,
.
,
S ta nda rd agenc y Messrs T e rrob a Bro s

,
Mun icipal it y seveh m em bers
. .
, ,
.
Ch ivilco y i s 4 l e a gue s N N E of the Rio Sa lado 10 S IE of — Cha ca b uc0

‘
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. .
,
.
,
"
1 1 SS W of Car m en de Areco , 1 3 S W of Giles and 1 1
. of . .
,
M e rcedes .
10 2 TH E S O U TH -
W E T ERS N PAR T ID O S .
The pr incipal es tancias are

Na m e. 8 . L e a gu e s Na m e .
M Cl y m ont
‘
F Perez ,
,
Bi .
W Wh y te. 3 Nu ne z
, ,
Alfaro ,
2 Peter Ball ,
Lahitte ,
1 Casales ,
Halbach 15
,
Garcia fa m il y , ,
E Villega s
. 21 Morales , ,
B Millan
.
i,
Bargas ,
Sra L e n ona
.
fi Castro fa m il y
, , ,
Martinez fa m il y },
A Pere y ra ,
1 .
,
Alcoba , 5 C V illegas «
.
,
Ge h e y , 1 F Tavares .
,
Tobar , 1 Lala m a ,
E L oy sa
.
A L L oy sa
,
r .
,
R a m os ,
Tho m pson fa m il y , ,
Martinez de Hoz Ii Av ila fa m il y , , ,
R Carranz a
. 11 Alegre d o , 3 , .
1
Acosta fa m ily , 2} Carriz o d o , 3 ,

.
4
L A guero
. ta W Dickson
, r .
,
Barreda ,1 Mrs Hanlon } .

,
1
Cardena s 1 D Pere y ra
,
.
Rosa , l H Harilaos «
.
,
The estan cias of Wh y te a nd McCl y m ont al e a m on g the finest in the

c ountr y ; the first 1 3 called La C a m p ana sit uate b et w een the Arro y o de ,
C a nuelas a n d t he Mata nz as ri ver and is fa m ed for its superior b reeds of ,
sheep h orse s a nd co w s m ostly i m ported fro m England This estanc 1 a 1 5

, , ,
.
got up in thorough E ngli sh sty le at great expense and w a s one of the , ,
first 1 n B uenos A y res to be co m p l etely fen ce d in The D Gl y m ont estate .

‘
r uns S E f1 cm the to wn of Ca uue l a s about t w o leagues and is si m ilar 1 11

. .
, ,
cha racter to the last : the se m od el establish m ents w ere founded by t w o

e nter p r is in g Scotch m en w ho m ay be regarded as h a ving b een th e pioneers
,
of industry in this part of the countr y the m ansion houses far m sheds &c .
, ,
.
,
are of the m ost com fortable kind a nd surrounded by orchards w heat , ,
fields and extensive m ea do w lands Ha l ba ch s estan cia o f Los Re m edi e s

,
.
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,
be t w een Mo nte G ra n de a nd th e Matanzas 1 i ver w a s another c ostl y and

'
v aluab l e p 1 opert b ut it changed hands a couple o f y ears ago ; th e

y ,
buildings and plantations w ere sold for a t i the of t he ii value No less

,
.
unfo rtunate w a s a joint stock c o called Soc iedad Pa storal ch iefl y de vo ted
-
.
,
to the rea ring a n d i m porting of fi ne sheep a nd cattle : th e lands w ere .

C AS U EL A S . 10 3
s ituate at E l O m b u about m id w a y bet w ee n Ca nue l a s an d Sa n Vi cente

, ,
’
a dj oining Al faro s estancia a nd c o m prising ove r t w o s quare lea gues ,
The .
e nterprise w a s broken up an d Se nor Ma rtinez de Hoz now dedicate s ,
hi m self to the sa m e business i m p orting super 1e r ani m als fro m E ngl and a n d,
Ger m an y The lan ds o f Barreda L ahit te and Villegas l ie S of th e t o w n

.
,
.
,
an d those of Pere y ra Millau and Castro are o n th e bo rders of Matanz as

, .
The stock o f the p artido counts co w s horses 1 6 3 8 0 fiue

'
, , , ,
sh eep ,
m estiza sh eep cre ole sheep a nd 1 2 2 pig s ; b eing an , ,
a verage of 3 50 c o w s 3 50 h orses and sheep per square le ague

, ,
. .
T he popul a tion returns are Argenti nes 1 3 1 Italians 2 47 Spania rds , , ,
8 8 French 7 8 E ngl ish 1 9 G er m an s 1 7 4 various ; total

, ,
Th e re are , ,
2 52 houses a n d 7 0 8 ran chos 5 alcaldes 2 0 tenientes 1 2 police m en , , , , _
an d 6 50 National G uar ds .
The v illage o f Ca nuelas has about in h abita nts m ostly settl ers fro m ,
O l d Sp ai n or th e P y renees It i s prettil y situ ated an d h a s a fin e n e w

.
,
ch urch besides s tate schools attended by 5 4 bo y s and 48 girls There ar e

,
-
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a resident doctor and 2 apothecarie s ; 4 dra pers and 1 5 gro cer s sho p s ; ’
’
6 ca rpenters sho p s e m plo y ing 2 0 m e n ; 2 forges e m pl o y i ng 4 m e n ;
-
, ,
3 brick kilns m akin g about

-
, bricks e a ch s eason ; 4 Shoe m ak ers ,
e m plo y ing 3 0 m e n and w o m en ; one S i lvers m i th and as si stan t ; 5 barra ca s
for storing prod uce w hi ch k ee p 3 0 bullo ck ca rts c onstantl y e m ploy ed ;

,
-
2 4 bri ck la y e rs a nd 4 0 hod m en w ho h ave con stant w o rk ; 1 confe cti oner

-
, , ,
1 hotel 4 inns 1 tailor a n d ass ist ant 1 ca ndle m an ufac t urer 3 billiard
, , ,
-
,
tables 6 butc hers There are 7 0 rateable h ouses of w hich the best are
, .
,
those o f— Castro Gonsa lez A rrieta F uentes John G riffin Villegas

, , , , , ,
Z e l a ra y a n , Bletch e r Garcia and Galicia valued fro m , , ,

"
up w ards J ustice of Pea ce Don Desideri o Davel ; Curate Re v
.
, ,
.
Alfonso Ra ffa e l i; Post m aster Don Ventura Can o S ta nd a rd a gents Me ssrs , ,

.
Dave l Co ; m un icipality si x m e m bers ; Mun ic1 p a l reven ue

.
, ,
T he Irish of this dis trict are visi t ed by the Re v M r Curra n fro m Lobos . .
, ,
o nce a m onth a nd the Sc o tch p a st or Be v Mr Sm y th at ten ds on ce a m onth

, ,
. .
,
at Mr McC l y m on t s estancia T he r egistr y books She w that of every 1 0 0

.
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.
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childre n b a p tized 5 5 are legiti m ate and 4 5 are illegiti m ate : th is is about
,
:
the average in m an y o f the rural dis trict s C a nne las is distant five .
leagues fro m Sa n Vicente eigh t fro m Merlo ten fro m Rio Salado a nd eigh t
, , ,
fro m Guar dia Monte .
Na va rr o .
Situate league s W S W of Bue n os A y res a nd 9 leag u

17 es W of . . .
,
.
Ca nuela s , ha s an are a of 6 8 square leagues : it is b ounded on th e N by .

10 4 TH E S O U TH —
W ST ERN ii
E snr m os .
Vil l a L uc
ian on th e W hy Ch 1 v i1coy, on the
,
.
_
S bv . the Rio Salado an dLobo s
.
,
a nd o n the E b a H
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L eras nd C a hue l a s
'
y s a . .
The pripcip a l e st anci a s are

Na m e . N am .
J Sm ith U nzu e ,
. Mu noz ; fa m il y ,
Mrs N orri s
.
,
. R am irez ,
Gahan bros Sol é fa m il y

‘
.
, ,
Diaz , fa m il y , Ibarra ,
Costa , Trej o ,
Al m era fa m ily , D ura n ,
Casales ‘
, Pi nero ,
Sa nt a n a fa inil y , ,
Santillan ,
Kie sse , Sejas ,
Pe nal va Calde ron

'
, ,
Mira n da ; fa m il y ,
Mrs Kenn y .
,
Alv ara do ,
Joh n Magui re ,
Ge rda ; fa m il y Patrick Magu 1 re '

'
, ,
Corre a E Case y ,
"
.
,
Ju ar e z ,
Silva ,
L ube , Caraballo ,
J L itar do
.
,
D o m i nguez ,
Romero ,
Poggio ,
Ponce L eo n tl ca nt os ,
E che gara y Vega ,
F e rrey ra
’
,
Ado rno ‘
Vi l la ,
Mel o ,
Z a m udio C Morales
'
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,
L una ,
Moll .
P aps dorf ,
Burinigo ,
Ben itez , A ra m buru ,
Max w e ll ,
The p arti cle 1 8 wat er ed by the Arro y o Saladas w hi ch falls i nto th e K ids
Salado a n d by th e Ca nadas of Navarr o Garz as To m asa and San L oren z o
, , , , ,
w h ich feed th e great lake of Navarro The c a mps are w ell suited for .
sheep , and so l ow that the y retain w ater even i n th a driest se asons { so m e

pa rts are m u ch infested w ith « ab 1 e j o n b urr b ut m ost of the pa rtido is fre e ,
from this n uisan ce The foreign estan cieros a i e ver y w e al th y o w n in g

.
,
about one fourth o f the w h ole distri ct and t h e total Irish po p ul ati on m a y
-
,
b e set do w n at 1 The R io Sal ado w as hes the s outhe rn cam ps of t he

p arti do , a nd the pa ss a ge of thi s ri ver is ver y dan ge rou s espe cia l l y in ,
.
T HE S O U TH -
W E ST E RN PAR T ID O S .
to Buenos A y res is m ade in seven hours Na varro boast s an inn a cl ub .

,
w hi c h i s m aintained by th e leading n eighbors a n d s t ate schools attended ,

-
by 5 6 bo y s a nd 50 girls There a re nu m erous w ell stocked shops to suppl y

.
-
t he w a n ts of the estan cieros a n d th e business of the pla ce is i m proving

'
, .
The Irish Racing Club of Na varro holds m eets at stated per iods the ,
princi pal m e m bers being th e Gahans Case y s and other e st anc ieros : th e , ,
last c up value 3 4 0 0 0 w a s w on by Mr G aha n s « se bruno

, ,
’
. .
Navarro 1 s distan t 8 le agues fro m Mer ce des 1 1 fro m Chivilco y 5 fro m , ,
Lobos and 7 fro m th e R io Salado J usti ce of Peace Don Felipe Diz ;

, .
.
Post m as ter Don Dan iel Ra velo ; Municipali ty six m e m bers ; Municipal
, ,
r even ue $ 1 50 0 0 0
, ,
.
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l obos .
Situate 1 8 leagues S W of Bueno s Ay re s h a s a n area of 6 2 square

. .
,
1
.
leagues co m prising 9 7 estancias

,
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The partido 1 s bounded on t he N by Las Heras on th e W by Navarro on .

, .
,
the S by th e Rio Salado a n d G a in dia Monte a nd on the E by Ca nuelas It

.
,
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i s w atered by the Arro y os Garz as Taja m ar Tore and Uncal w hich fall i nto , , , ,
the lak e o f Lobos t w o leagues S o f the to w n It is one of the m ost

,
. .
flourishing a nd i m portant districts in the south an d chiefl y settled by

‘ ,
irish m en w h o ow n about one tenth of the land

,
The ca m ps a re in gene ra l
-
.
g ood ex cept in so m e places w hich are l ow an d m arsh y and others m uc h

, ,
i nfested w ith §<ab rojo 11 Man y l rish estancieros of th e north m ade their
.
,
beg inn ing 1 11 this parti do a nd it has al w a y s been a favori t e district for
,
sheep The ar roy os are m ostl y of per m anent w a ter and be s1 de s th e lake
.
,
o f Lobos , t he re is a lar er one call ed Cub a cub u and cove ring n e a rl y a

g
-
t ,
s quare lea g ue c l os e to th e Urquiola e stancia This e stancia i s m ostly in .
the neighbor ing partido of Monte and co vers ; 9 squa re leag u es about , ,
m id w a y bet w een the t o w ns o f Lobos a nd G uardia Monte The Cascallares ,
t e rrit ory oc cup ie s nearl y all t e lands fro m Lobos to the Rio Salado a nd
' h '
.
,
the estancias o f Ca sa va l l e and the late Vice President Pa z are si tuate on the -
Arro y o The Ar evalo es tan cia has three lagoons calla d L a ,
R abona Colis and Rios ; a nd the lands of Case y an d At ucha Geoghegan

, , ,
a n d Vare la are inte rsecte d by the Arro y o de G arza s A lea gue n orth of .
the to w n w aS Iform e rl y a propert y of four leagues belongi ng to Wrigh t ,
Bros b ut th i s has n ow been m arked out for ch acras ; and i n its vicin it y w e
.
,
m eet th e estan cia s of Joh n L a w ler the Murph y s Livingstone an d Zelis , , ,

.
Salada Ch ica the proper ty of Don Maria no A costa a nd the lands of Vi nales
, ,
a nd Ca sa val l e a re on the Rio Sala do

,
Terence Moore , R ivas , Cepeda , and .
LOBOS . 10 7
Burgo s are near the Ca na da del Toro and the Ville ga s estanci a is on th e , ,
borders of Ca nuelas The p a rtido i s greatl y over st ocked the return s

.
,
.
,
-
,
she w ing c ow s horses fin e sheep

,
m estiz a , ,
sheep ,
creole sheep ; being an avera ge of 50 0 co w s 50 0 h orses ,
.
, .
,
and sheep per square l eague Th e l and is valued at .
t o S 40 0 0 0 0 p e n league Total va l uat ion a gainst

’
. .
,
in 1 86 2 Cont ribucion tax 8 1 2 8 0 0 0

. Population —Argentine s ,
. .
Spa nia rds E nglish 9 1 6 Italians 9 2 6 Fren ch 3 2 0 G e rm ans , .

, ,
6 2 various 1 3 1
,
to tal There ar e 3 5 2 h ouse s and r anch os ,
in cluding 10 0 p ul p e rias z 5 al c ald e s 3 0 tenien tes 1 4 polic e and

,
i
, , ,
National Gua i ds .
Agri culture is m aking grea t p r og ress : there are no fe w er than

chacras c overing altogether nearl y 4 0 acres of t ill age The approache s to
, .
L obos are the prettiest of an y to w n in the province being a succession of ,

,
far m s quintas and plantations a league i n ever y d ire ction all highl y
, , , ,
c ultivated The to w n is large w ell buil t and th riv ing w it h a po pulation

.
,
-
, ,
.
of soul s ; it does a go od trade in h ides and w o ol a nd there are so m e ,
flour m ills in th e neighborho od There is a fine ch urch in the p l a z a .

,
atte nded by Re v J ose A m oretti and the Rev Mr Curran the latte r is th e
. . .
Irish pastor and has a congrega tion of

, in thi s parti do bes ides th e , ,
Irish settle rs of G uardia Monte and L a s Flores w h o are a l so un der hi s ,
charge There are fift y g ood shops so m e good inn s coffee h ouse s b ill ia rd
.
, ,
-
,
r oo m s a resident d octo r a n d an a p otheca ry and 2 0 6 rateable house s of

, ,
these latter the best are th ose of Cascallares Noguera Ca m i nos Ba rrera
,
, , , ,
Ba sta rre t e h e Areval o Varela Villafa ne Pi nero Port us o Casa va l l e

, , , , , , ,
Melendez Z avala Ol a so Za m udio Velarde Sa l inas Solano R od riguez

, , , , , , , ,
a n d Suarez al l v al u e d
, ove r there are also thr e e E n glish .
house holders C ornfoot Wright and Morg a n ; an d t w o shops m uch

-
, , ,
frequented by Englis h residen ts viz Teren ce Moore s a nd Na ndiu Sons ,

.
, .
’
, ,
the latter bein g the Sta nd a rd a gen c y The w orks have bee n co m m en ce d .
o f th e bra n ch ra il w ay fro m Merlo (1 2 leagues ) w h ich w ill place Lobos

.
,
’
w ithin four hours j ourne y of Buen os A y re s : the c ost of the li ne is
esti m ate d a t sterling or per m ile L obos is distant six ,
.
lea gues fro m Ca nuel as seven fro m G uardia Monte an d fi ve fro m Rio , ,
Salado It m a y be considere d one of the prettiest a nd m ost thri v in g

.
to w ns in the provinc e It w a s founded i n 1 8 0 3 by an estanciero na m e d

J ose Salgado w ho built a cha p e l to our La d y of Car m el o n hi s land for the
,
‘
ac co m m odation of his ne ighbo u rs 1 4 1 in num ber and in th e follo w ing , ,
y ear Bishop Lue m ade it a p a rish under the car e of R ev G arcia Miranda ,
. .
There w a s an old fort calle d Lobos 1 4 lea g ues f urther south The present .
TH E O U TH W E T ER PAR T ID O S
.
10 8 S -
S N .
t it le of the tow n i s Sa n Salvador de L eb o s Justi ce of Pea ce D on J ose

Mari a Villa fane ; Post m aster D on J lia n M Carranz a M
.
,
unicipality six ,
.
, ,
me m bers ; Muni cipal revenue $ 3 0 0 0 0 0 , ,

.
The follo wing are the principal est anc ias

Na m e . L e a gu e s Nam e . S . L e a g ue s
Cascallares fa m il y , ,
A ce vedo fa m il y ,
A revalo do ,
. 3§ R odrig uez fam il y, ,
Gutie rrez do ,
. Ja m es M urph y ,
Ca sa va l l e do ,
. Te r Mo ore .
,
R uiz do ;
,
2 Joh n L a er ,
B urgo s do , . 31 Villasante ,
Vi na les 2 1} Haril a o s
’
M A cos ta ;
. 2 .
Ram ire z ,
‘
Case y Co .
,
1} Dias ,
l ) L ivingstone
.
,
‘
1 37 Bac a f amil y ,
Villalva ,
1 7} Cepeda fa m il y ,
'
F rias ,
'
11 A l m araz ,
Villegas ,
Ponce ,
Vill ol do , Q L e iva ,
Ur q uiola , 1 F redes ,
F uen tes ,
Guerrero ,
M a l doha do Marcos Pa z ,
‘ ‘
Gall o , Riso
'
Mrs Corn foot

.
, R osales ,
Me o q uin ,
Fernandez ,
P i nero ,
Guerra ,
M Murph y
.
, J Acosta
.
1
Co las e fam ily , ,

Varela fa m ily ,
-
,
R ivas ,
Patri ck O Ne il l ’
,
M Geoghegan
.
,
H ern andez ,
Un z u e ,
O rdo nez ,
Z e l is, Torres ,
i fa m il
a s, y ,
G allego s ,
Arenillas , Sdl a n o ,
Ci eza , Atenci o ,
Gua rdia Monte .
S ituate 1 9 l e agues S S W of Bue n os A y res h a s an area o f .

,
74 squar e
league s , an d co m pri ses 9 7 e stancias o f w hic h the princ ipal are ,
W E ST ER N PAR T ID O S .
Te rre re estate o cc upies the w hole co untr y S E of th e Encadenadas lakes .

,
a s far a s the Sa l a do Urq uiol a s estancia is N W of G uardia Mon te on the

.
’
. .
,
borders of Lobos ; Da vid Dillon and P Marti n are in the m idst o f the lakes .
Russ e l l and M Gl y m ont a 1 e on the Arro y o Totoral n e ith of th e to w n an d

‘
, ,
the s m aller estanc ias of Kil l im e d and C 1 a ig are in the sa m e di re ction .
Mr Bo y d s place of Al to Re dond o is tw o lea gues N E of th e to w n j ust

.
’
. . .
,
be fore reach ing the estan cias of Farias and L a Rosa The lands of L op e z ,
. .
,
Go m ez an d Ferre y ra lie S \V of the to w n reaching t o th e Sa l a do thos e of

,
.
Hogan Nieves a n d R odrigue z are t o t h e N W ; and t hose of White and

, ,
. .
Ga l va n o n the borders of Ca 1 1 nelas The nu m ber o f our country m en in ’
this partido exce e ds and those of t h e n1 w ho be l ong t o t he Irish - .
c ongregation are visited by Rev Ja m es C urran fro m L ob os The stock . .
r eturns a r e , ,
horses fin e sheep , ,
m estiz a sh e ep a nd creole shee p be ing a n avera ge of 4 0 0 c o w s 3 0 0

, . ,
h orses and ,
sh eep p er sq uare leag ue The l a n d is va l ued at .
p e r leagu e T o t a l v a lu a t ion 3 0 0 0
. 0 against 1 7 0 0 0 in , ,
1 862 . Co nt 1 ibucie n t a r $ 1 2 0 0 0 0 Popul a t i on retu rns — 3 4 2 7 Argen

, ,
.
,
t ines 3 6 6 En glish 2 1 6 F rench 1 3 0 1 t a l ia n s 1 9 8 Spani ards 1 7 Ger man s

, , , , , ,
l he re a re 7 3 ho uses a n d l 1 2 4
”
7 7 various and 1 I nd ia n ; tota l
, , ,
.
, . .
,
ra n chos incl udin g 3 6 p ul p e ria s ; 6 ;Al ca l dcs 2 4 te nientes 1 4 police , a nd

‘
, . , . ,
5 1 2 Nationa l G ua rd s It w as i n this p a rtide t ha t Rosa s p a sse d his earl y

.
. .
ears bre aking iu w il d horses on th e estan c i

a n e w belongin g t o Mr R eid
y
-
. .
,
.
The Gauchos of th s district have al w a y s bee n reputed la w less but ther e

.
, , ,
h as be en n o outr a g e w ithin t h e p a st y ear .
Agric ulture is i ncreasing and there are about acres unde r,
tillage the p r1 11 0 1p a l cha cras are

’
Na m e. C ua dra s . Na m e . C ua dra s .
Mr K nn y
.
e
,
2 40 J Gira l de z 30 .
,
Michael F urlo n g 30 Peter Cra ig

,
90
'
,
,
W i l li a m Looku p 3 11 1 1 1 1 111 0 13110

,
60 ,
There is a good deal of w h eat , m aize cl e ve r and vegeta bles r a ised , ,

.
,
princi p all y in the v1 c1 n ity of the t ow n There are 1 6 2 chacras i n the . .
district eight y of these h ave alread y bee n sold sixty s even are rented
'
, , ,
a nd the r e m aining fifteen a re y e t va ca nt These cha cras are sol d by t he

'
'
M unicipalit y at the rate e f $ 2 0 0 per cuadra (say £ 50 sterling for 1 40 acres ,
for ever); the y a re situate close to t he village on the nor th a nd w e s t ,

.
Gua 1 dia del Monte is a s m all village of 7 7 0 inhabitants w i th a ch urch , ,
sch ool p ri ,son t w ent y five sh ops and sixt y eight rateable h ouse s : of these
,
-
,
-
latter the b est be l ong to Lecea Larosa Ba st re Calderon Mosquera Arata , , , , , ,
T errero San Miguel , Sosa , Me n ce que z , Pinel , Martin e z , and O brego , valued
,
0 13 11 11 13 11 1 M O TE N . 111
fro m up w ards Th e place is dedicated to St Michael and w a s

‘
. .
,
founded i n 1 7 4 4 w hen th e sout h ern fron tier l ine w a s dra w n fro m

,
Chasco m us t o Monte Nava rro a nd Lu a a n The princi pal shop k e e p e r is

, ,
.
-
D on Feliciano Le cea w ho is also agen t for th e S ta nda rd The n e w ch urch

,
.
'
cost w hi ch w a s defra y ed pa rtl y b y t he Munic ipa l it y a n d partl y
b y subscription the P rovin ci a l Govern m ent givi n g

,
a m ong the m ost
liberal s ubscribers w ere the Scotch and ot her Protest a nt resi dent s Th e .
n e w school house cost

-
the Gover n m ent also giving It
“
is proposed to build a priest s h ouse Muni cipal hall &c to im prove th e ’
, ,
.
l ook o f the village w hich is exceedingl y drea ry and w ild : the h ouses a re
,
v er y scattered and the place has m ade littl e progress for 1 2 5 y ea rs The
,
.
s tate sch ool is at tended by 4 5 girls and 3 4 bo y s ,a n d t he re is a private school

-
at w hi ch 9 3 fe m ales a re educ ated .
G uardia del Monte is dis ta nt 9 leagues fro m Ran chos 1 1 fro m Jeppene r ,
Station 3 fro m the nearest point of the Salado a n d 6 fro m Terrero s b ridg e
’
, ,
over the sa m e river J a st ice of Pe a ce Dr M anuel Oca ntos ; Post m aster

.
,
.
-
,
Don F e l icia no L e ce a i C urate Re v J oa quin Viera ; Municipalit y six ,

.
m e m bers ; Municipa l revenue ,
S a l a di110 .
Situate 3 3 leagues S W of Buen os A y res ; has an are a of 2 0 0 s q uar e

. .
Iea gues a large portion of w hich is public land

’
,
.
This is a frontie r p artido extending S W fro m the Arroy o Saladillo to th e

,
. .
Indian territor y It is bounded on the N b y the Saladillo on the W by

. .
,
,
.
2 5 de Ma y o and the Indian countr y on the S by the Arr o y o L as F l ore s ,

.
,
and on the E by the la kes of the R io Salado w hi ch a re for m ed by th e

.
,
‘
con fl uence of the Saladillo and Las Flores The central districts of t he .
p artido are w atered by the rivers a bo ve m entioned and on th e frontie r -

,
side w e find Lak es Potrillo Ver dosa and V a ll i m anca b e sides the arro y o s
, ,
w h ich feed sa m e a nd nu m berless s m all lagoons Ten y ears ag o it w a s

, .
co m pletel y India n t e rritorv and although still m uch ex posed to inroa ds o f

the sa va ges t he partido is m aking so m e progr e ss : the t ota l valuation i n
.
1 8 6 2 w a s only n o w it Th ere are fe w

foreign estancieros y e t the nu m ber of our country m en eng a ged in sh eep
,
a nd c attle m ostl y on rented l a n d i s esti m ated a t 50 0 The la rgest e stancia s ‘
.
,
i s that of Messrs Toledo Galindez and Atucha bet w ee n the Ca nada de l

.
, , ,
Vi gilante and a pla ce calle d Tres Bo netes o n the L a s F l ore s river The ‘
l a nds of Decoud and Bedo y a also co ver a large tract of countr y l y ing
'
bet w een th e Laguna L os A m igos a n d the above na m ed ri ver Furthe r -

.
WE T ER
S N PAR T ID O S .
ea st is the Atucha estancia n ear L a ke Cardalito a nd a djoinin g this IS th e , ,
E stancia Argentina w i th six sm a l l la goon s El Pa ra iso is the propert y of .
M artin Ha rdoy w hic h re ache s n orth to the Saladillo and ha s also sev e ral
, ,
lag oons La F ortun e is t h e n a m e of C azo n s esta ncia and this as w ell as

.
’
,
Va rela s and Barrera 5 l ie b e tw een the village a nd river of Saladil l o ; Bazan

’ ’
and B utler a re nearer to the village Ro d rig uez 1 8 situate on L ake P otrillo ,
and so u th w ard a re the lands of Aguilera Segundo Villafa ne Z a piola and , , , ,
Pere y ra till reach in g t he ri ver Las F lores The Ca rranza estancia exten ds
,
.
along the Arro y o Pantanoso i n direction of the frontie i About seven , .
leagues S W of the village of Saladillo 1 8 Fort A1 ev e l o an d in its vicinity

. .
a re the e st a ncia s of Le man E stanel Al bert ,Pi nero a nd Roberts Bet w een , , , .
the fort and the pre s ent fron tier w e m e e t th e follo w ing settlers — Mendez ~
Serantes and A costa ,

A l eague be y on d th e last na m ed estanci a is Fort
.
Valli m a nca close to the l agoon of the sa m e na m e : it i s 0 11 the land of

,
Don Mariano Unz ue The p rin ci p al e st an cias “ar e . .
Na m e .
Castro ,
1
P ere y ra ,
J Bedo y a
.
,
Villafa ne ,
J Cazon
.
,
L Albert
.
,
A Cas callares
.
,
Men dez ,
F e rre y ra fa m il y , . ,
F rie s,
Fi gue roa ,
-
Ca l de via ,
B a rr e r a ,
, ich a , fa m il y
At i
Justo , , Hernandez ,
Carr anz a fam il y , ,

Mf v Pa z
. .
,
Segu n do ,
M Cascall ares
Baza n ,
Men a ‘
,
P Roberts 1 21 1 Paz
.
,
1 .
,
E stanel , B efort ,
J ohn Connor R odrig uez fa mil y , ,
T Varela
. .
'
,
Unz u e fa m ily , ,
Tho m as Corm a ck , Sra Ac osta

' '
Ca sa val l e , ,
Z a piola ,
D e coud & Co .
,
'
Le ma n ,
R oj a s , Pi nero ,
R osales , Serantes ,
Mosqueira , Arenilla ,
Butle r , « L a A rge nti a »
n,
Aguile ra ,
1 14 TH E so nr l
'
e sre a N
'
PA R T ID O S .
F l ores boun ds it o n the N W an d divi des it fro m th e distri ct o

‘
’
f Sala dillo
' '
'
1
.
,
the a rroy os Az hl a nd G ua l ich u bound it o n th e SE d ivi din g it fro m t he

' ’
.
,
d ist rict of Ra nch ; o n the S W it is bou nded by the distric ts of Az nl a nd. .
Tapalquen .
The to w n w a s fo unded i n 1 8 5 7 a nd laid out on the sam e plan a s

’
'
C hivi l co y the streets are thirt y y a rds w i de The present populatio n o f the
,
.
t o w n is esti m ated a t 2 th at of th e h ole district 1 5 ab out 9

w
foreigners res i de here of these 1 5 0 a re B ritish subj ects 7 2 Ge rm an s ;
‘
, , ,
8 A meric ans 3 0 8 F ren ch m en 3 4 0 I talians 3 3 0 Span iards and 1 2 2 fr om

, ,
.
,
othe 1 co nnt i ie s .
The t own i s situated 8 l ea gu es o utside t he ri ver Sal ado 3 8 leagues fro m

‘
B uenos A y res and 2 1 le a gues fro m Jep p e ne r st ation on the Son the i n
, ,
R ail w a y A splendid bi idge probabl y o n e of the best in th e cou ntry span s

.
, ,
the river Salado in this dist rict A b ra n ch of the Southern Rail w a y f ro m .
Jep pener stati on to this biidge ha s b e en much t alked of The re is a .
spl endid circu lar raé e c ours e, in the subu ibs six t e e n squa res y ards )
1
i n circu m fere nce th is race c ou rse has a t i e ble en ce of w ire and p osts a
“
'
-
t
, ,
st a nd for the s te w ards and a s traight cours e ; fi ve sq uar es l ong l a id out

, ,
acro ss the fi el d for those w ho p refe r t ry ing the mettle of th ei 1 s teeds in a

st rai gh t l i
n e There . are t w o schools attended b y sixt y bo y s and fift
y girl s ,
.
Th e chui ch is s1i i111 , bn t a n e w one is about to b e bu il t w h i ch w ill cost

' ‘ '
1
c l o se on $ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 on e of our count ry m e n Mr K ell y is m e m ber a nd

, ,
.
,
se cretar y of the b uildin g co mm i ttee , a nd Mr H unt is the Th e .
ce m eter y i s one of the lar gest and neat e st iiith e couhtry d istrict s
“
l ‘ ’
.
La s Flore s h a s on e Judge s1 x m um cip a l m e m ber s one n o ta i p u blic

y , ,
alcald es thirt y tenie nt es on e c on st able of police and fou r t ee n ‘ '
, , ,
'
poli ce men There are t w e iity extensive d ry goods an d groc e ry st ore s in I ' ’
the to w n one v er y good h otel thr ee

’
, ,
e xtensive ha rd w are stor e one t imber y a r

"
‘
t w o confe ctioner s s ho p s t w o b a t he rs carpei it e rs sh o ps , t w o

'
’ ’
'
’ ‘
blacks m iths shops fo ur bri ck —

,
’
k ilns fo urt e en b rickl ayers on e S il vers m ith ;
, , ,
one saddler four ta il m t wo p ai nter s n ine b oot m aker s shops fi ve

' ’ ’
“ "
,
‘
butch e rs shops t yvo tins m iths one post ollice l A m ail cod ch plie s ,
.
‘
bet w een L as Flore s and Buen o s A y res every third da y passing through ,
Guardia del Monte Canuelas a nd Moron on the w estern route and by

, , ,
Terrero 5 hi idge to Jeppener station on the southern route The coa ch t o

’
.
Tapalquen cal l s at L as F lore s in tra n sit The onl y qualifie d m edical .
prac ti tioner and a p othecar y in the dist rict 1 5 M1 D C Kell y 1

. . . .
1
The quint as and ch a cras th at surr ound t he to w n are all surve yed t he ,
cha cras con sist of t wenty fi ve sq uare s of ground , ab ou t 1 0 0 acr es , and '
-
I AS 1 1 0 11 1 1 3 : 1 15
1
m ay be purcha se d out and out for about 7 3 sterling per acre There a re
—
. .
’
20 1 e stan cia s in t h e distric t thes e var y in siz e fro m half a league to te n
leagues T he principal foreign estate o w ners in the dist rict are z — l l e ssrs
. .
White Rob son , D .C Kell y Manson Gebbie M

,
ason Be ck fon l Bro w n .
, , , .
, ,
Foster L hitch e r Se e be r Mul l e r Sch m ar so w and W e hm a y e r Mr Sola n e t

'
, , , , , . .
'
has a gra se ria and a press for bal iug w ool on his esta blish m ent Mr
'
. .
Musgrave has also a g ra se ria a nd an a ppa ratus to dip sheep so as to p re ven t ,
or cure s cab Mr G ebbie a n d Mr Sha n non are abo ut p utti ng 11 ) boilers t o

. . .
1
re n der do w n fa t sheep Mr Chas h as a n e x te n sive e stab l is h m ent 11 here in . .

,
he bre ed s ra m s The Messrs A m ade o Van Pr aet Eliz alde R a m ire z Pa z

'
,
.
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, , , ,
R oj as G a linde z and Portugu ez a re o w n ers o f exten si ve estates in

, , ,
this distr ict .
Th e oilicia l return s of property are

Na m e. 5 Le agu es . Na m e .
Ra m i re l fa m il y , ,
14 Ba ra nda fa m 1 l v ,
M V Pa z. .
,
‘
4 G Man so n
.
,
Van Prae t Bi Cha ves fa m il v

‘
, ,
E liz al de ; 3 O te ro ,
H S olanet
. 31 »
Dan ta s ,
R osa s fa m il y 7 L opez
'
, , ,
Chas ,
7 1} )l anso ,
Pered o ,
T ud ury ,
Roj a s ,
3 A m arillo ,
Ag uilera ,
l § W e hm a y e r ,
A m adeo , Sa nMigu el ,
J a s White .
, Marquez fa m il v , ,
Be do y a , Pe dro sa ,
Gal i n dez ,
Gorchs ,
Cascallare s , Tobi a s E n z ,
An ge ne l o , Barcel o ,
Acosta fa m il y , ,
11 C L 11 itche r ,
J B ro w n
.
,
Utrer a ,
F F oster
.
,
Z e l ara y a n ,
Benavid ez ,
Santill a n ,
D om e cq , J Portu gues
.
,
G allardo ,
1
Do m in gue z ,
Gutierre z ,
1
. L a nda va ro ,
C abb, Martine z fa m il y , ,
So s a , f am il y , Se e be rs ,
’
D C
. . K ell y , F ern ande z , fa m il y
HE Z
1 10 T HE ~
O U TH
S ~
W E ST ER N P A R T ID O S .
Na me . Na m e . S . Le a g ue s .
An cina , ‘
{1 R ob inso n ,
F onda ,
Brun et ,
Fa rias , 5
9 B L e rdon
.
,
F . L ece a,
'
«Nuev e de J ulio ; ) 1 1 ’
l i ,
Gebbi e Bros .
,
1 C oronel fa mil y , ,
(1 Solanet
. . 1 Al l gl i,
Fredes ,
1 1} L oz a no ,
Villa 1 Al m a da
’
, ,
’
E s p onda
'
Sosa fa m il v
,
1 ,
V al la dar es , 2 Pre ciado ,
Bareda ,
l Grais ,
Alva re z , 1 L udue fl a ,
R o m ero fa m il y , , F uente s 11 ,
J ohn Belford ,
l Miranda J, ,
O rtiz ,
I} M Sch m arso w 1 .
,
A ra uz fa m il i , If} Gadea } , 1
Di a z , 1 Edw ard M u lle r ,

“
i The lan d is v al u ed at to per sq uare l eague Tota \ .
a gai ns t in This partido is w ell

suited fo r beginners ab ou t to e m bark in sh eep fa rm in g -
.
The p resent va l ue of good land is p e r square league ; all th e ,
g r azin g land of the di s t ric t is in p ri vate hands w it h t h e exce p tion o f so m e ,
fe w s m a ll l ots of m ar sh y ground Th e distri ct i s st o ck e d w ith .
h e a d o f bla ck cat tl e 4 8 0 0 0 m are s a 11 d l1 0 1 se s 2 1 0 m ules and asses close

, , , ,
on shee p a n d pigs be m g an average o f 6 0 0 c o w s 2 50

, , ,
h ors es a nd 1 0 0 0 0 s hee p p e r square league T here are 1 6 3 0 houses in

“
.
, _ ,
the to 11 a nd distri ct Ther e w e 1 e 5 6 0 ca 1 t s registered d uring the y e a r ;

. .
it is p ro bable ther e are another hundre d not 1 e giste re d The Municipal .
i n co m e i s abo ut 82 0 0 0 0 0 per a nnu m Th ere w ere 1 1 2 p e i son s m a r1 ie d

,
.
d u ring t he p ast 3 e a r and 1 6 0 c h ild ren ba p tize d The annual a ve i a ge

’
,
m oi t a l 1 t3 is a bout
r
3 5 p e 1 cent o f these are infants 11 11 d e 1 one y ea r .
,
3 3 11 1 1 11 m a y be a t t i i but ed to bad nursing ; per cen t 0 1 the chil d1 e n

'
’
.
b e t w een t he ages of one and three also p eri sh this s h o w s that n ea rl y 5 0 ,
e r c en t of the en tire 1n 0 1 t a l i t ta kes place 1 n children nude l three y e a is

p .
3
0 1 age . Wh ile Mr Po w ell the Pro tes tant clerg y m a n resided in this
.
, ,
co u11 t i y h e occa sion a l l oflicia t e d 1 n the d istrict ; Mr Geb bie the Presb y
3
r
.
.
,
teri a n cler g" 3 m an p a y s t h e dis ,tri ct an o c ca sional v isit The nu m ber o f .
« g uias »
(p er m i ts )to export fat s tock and other p rod uce fro m Las F l ores
a m o ui it e d to 6 50 du 1 i n g the pa st
3 e a1 C ontri b u cion t a x ,
$ 1 0 0 0 0 0 .
8 TH E S O U TH -
W E ST ER N PAR T ID O S .
o ne fourth of the population It extends about t w e n t y six leagu es i n

-
. .
-
le n gth fro m the bo rder sof Flores on the N E to the Sierra de Quil l a l an q ue n
'
.
, . . .
on the S W , a n d IS about eight lea gues w 1 de fro m t h e Las Flore s ri ver to

.
,
the bo rders of Az ul l\ e a 1 1y on e half t he partido is ou ts ide the frontier

.
-
line w hich run s through the n e w t ow n of Ta p alqu en south w ards eightee n

, ,
leag ues to F e i t Perdido i n the hills be y ond Az ul and north w ar ds to Bort, ,
E sp eranz a on the Ri ver L as Flore s The partid o takes its na m e fro m the
,
.
Arro y o de Ta p alqu e n w hi ch tr ave rs e s al m ost the w hole distri ct and islost

,
i n the de se l t : th e w ord is of In dian origin as are a l l of si m ilar ter m ination ,
given to th e lake s and h ills of Ihe s outh Sheridan s estancia is one of the .
’
largest and adjoins Fort E speranz a on th e Rive r La s Flores Th e lands of

, ,
.
Por t ug ue s Bedo y a G o y a and Posse a re east w ard on th e borders of Las

, , , ,
’
Flores pa rtido Sa n Nicola s is the nam e of Pe na s large pos ses sions w hi ch
.
,
co m prise m ore over t w o large lagoo ns called Z ancas and Pl um a guj e rs

, , ,
.
The est a ncia of Casare s is at Lake L a s Toscas four league s south o f ,

’
Sheri dan s O n the frontier b et w ee n Fort E s p eranza and T a palq uen are
.
S e tt l e d R uiz Jurado Balcarce and Belen The Balcar ce te rritor y is over

, , ,
.
1 111 leagues lon g an d co m prises F o rt E sto m ba a nd t h e site m ark ed out for

,
the n e w to w n of Tapalqu en The old Indian settle m ent called Tapera de .
Tapalqu en w a s s i tua t e four leagues further south 0 1 1 the arroy o of sa m e ,
n a m e in t he m idst of the 1 m m e nse territor w belonging to the hei rs of

'
, y n e
J uan M Silva w hic h covers 2 0 0 square miles and 1 s studd e d w ith lagoons
.
,
these lands a ie o utside For t Pe reda in the depart m ent of Az ul The l ands .
of Rosas Rica ba rra Ba rr ion ovo and Spigno are w ithi n a ra di

, ,
us of five ,
le ag ues fro m For t E sto m ba ; bu t furth er out are Barr ere L arroy and , ,
“
Belg rano w h o are onl y fi ve leagues inside the hill ran ge or Sierra of
,
W o
'
Q u il l a l a n q ue n : thi s ra n ge is fo u rte en l eagues S f Tapalquen a nd . .

,
W o h
'
S ixt
y t
-
w o S of Bueno s A
.
y res . cit y T h e p artid a s m a de little .
The l a n ds inside of the frontier

' '
progress ov Ving to the dre ad of Indians

,
.
are val ue d at 0 0 0 to $ 1 40 0 0 0 per sq uare lea g ue but tho se of , ,
Ba lcarc e a nd o thers o ut outside settlers are assessed o nl y a t $ 6 6 0 0 0 ,
p e r league
Th e re turns of stock a re 3 86 co w s 1 6 43 4 h orses m estiz a
, , ,
sh eep ,
creole sheep an d pigs bei ngan average of 8 0 0 co w s
,
,
80 hors e s and 1 3 0 0 sheep per sq uare l e a gu e f l j a nd val uation

,
a ga in st B,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 in 1 8 6 2 . C ont rib ucion t a x ,

Argen tines 53 5 Indians 3 4 Spaniards 2 1 It al ians 1 0 Fren ch 6 English
, , , , , ,
5 Ger m a ns 2 6 vari ous ; to tal ,

There are 8 h ouse s and 3 2 0 ranchos ,
,
in cluding 1 1 p ul p e ria s : 6 al caldes teni entes , 1 2 police a n d 3 50 , ,
Na tiona l G nards .
T APAL QUE N . 1 19
The n e w tow n o f Tapalquen counts as y e t onl y t w o shops and a fe w

h ouses : it is si tuate on the Arro y o Tapalquen ab out a league S E of Fort
,
. .
E sto m ba 9 leagues N of Az ul 1 7 S W of Las Flores 1 6 S of Saladillo

,
.
,
. .
,
.
,
and 2 0 S o f 2 5 de Ma y o It IS in th e s traight line fro m B uenos A y re s t o

'
. .
Bahia Blanca and m a y a l m ost be consi dered as half w a y being 6 7 league s

,
-
,
N E of Bahia Blanca
. A s y e t there a re n o m unicipalit y ch urch or sch ools
.
, ,
i n the partido So m e lots have been de voted for chacras in a n a rea of

.
,
four square leag ues aro und the n e w to w n ; there a re fort y fi ve cha cr a s -
under cultivati on J ustice of Pea ce Don José M J nra do w h o als o acts as

.
,
.
,
p ost m aste r
.
1 20
’
T H E soor n nn n 19 1 111
’t
10 0 5 .
C H AP VIII .
O U T HE B N PARTID O S
B AR RA CA S TO D O L O RE S .
S outh B a rra ca s .
SI T UA T E one
league south o f Buenos Ay re s being separa ted fro m the cit y
,
by the Arro y o de Ria ch uelo has an area o f four square leagues m ostl y
, ,
o ccupie d by saladero s quintas a nd cha cras , as already des cribed i n page s

,
9 2 —9 8 of Se ctio n B .
Th e sala deros are as follo w s

Na m e . Va l ue . Na m e. Va l ue .
’
J Panthou
.
,
Se nil l osa s heirs ,
Be riz o Soler ,
Sra Senillosa ,
. Ca m ba ceres ,
Santa m aria Ll a m bi ,
Herrera & Ba udrl z ,
Sa avedra Ar m strong ,
Mu no a ,
A nderson ,
Cob o
The slaughter for the present season (1 8 6 9 is esti m ated at oxe n
a nd m ares e xc l usiv e of sheep The w a ges paid last y ear to saladero peon s
,
.
exceeded sa y sterling Most of the inhabitants are .
e ngage d in this busin ess and th e y are chiefl y Basques or Italians .

,
122 TH E S O UTH ER N PAR T ID O S .
started h is Scotch colon y 1 11 1 8 2 5 th e c olon y e m bra cing also the a dj acen t

, ,
e state o f Santa Catalina Most of th e lead ing Scotch est ancieros an d

.
ca p i t a l ist s of the present da y began life h ere in the h onw abl e but h u m ble
o ccupatio n o f plough m en and far m servants and although the enterprise ,
w a s unsuccessful as r e ga i ds its ori in ator it i s gratify ing to k no w that

g ,
R obertson s c olonists w ere a n i m m en s e gai n to th e c ount ry a n d their

’
,
n a m es are n o w identified w ith the industr y w ealth and a dva n ce m ent fof .
, ,
Buen os A y res The est a te subseq uentl y p assed into the h an ds e t th e

.
p rese n t enterprising o w ner w h o pa y s m uch a tt ention to refining the bree d

,
o f horses , cattle and sheep The est a nc ia is m a na ged by Mr

, .
.
S t 1 a n ge rs co m ing to t he countr y ofte n p a y this place a visit Th e house is

s urro unded b a la e plantation or « m onte w hich gives its n a m e to t h e
y 1 g ,
e sta te . The la nd alo n e 1 5 a ssessed by Govern m ent a t sterling a n d ,
the w h ole pro p ert y repr e sents a larg e a m ount of invested capi tal Mr F air . .
proj e cte d a bra n ch rr ail w a y hither fro m Las Lo m as Sta tion b ut it ha s not , ,
b een carr i ed out .
The chacra o f Santa Catalina belonging t o Mr Book e y is u nri valled 1 11

'
’
,
.
,
t h e R iver Pl ate for its la w ns gard ens and plantatio n s

.
,
i t covers 2 0 6 ,
c uadra s or 9 0 0 acres an d for m ed th e residen ce of Mr Robertson the

, ,
g ard ens and plantations h a vi n g b een lai d out b y M r T w eedi e w h o b eg a n .

,
life as la ndsca pe gardener to a noble m n in Scotland and di ed a fe w y ears

e ,
ag oa respected m erchant o f Buenos A y r e s A fe w wor ds ab out Robertson 5 .

’
c olonists m a
y here be intere sting In 1 8 2 5 the Govern m en t of B uenos .
A y res being a nxious to introduce habits of industr y into the co untr y, m ade
, .
a rrange m ents for t w o Scotch colonie s Mr Be a u m ont w a s t o es ta blis h on e .
in E ntre R ios l l r John Parish Robertso na secon d at Monte G rande

,
. The .
fi rst on arri val fo und th at the land prom ised the m coul d not be o btained
, , ,
s o the
y ha d reco urse to their indi vid ual abilitie s to m ake a living i n the
n e w countr
y The se cond beganfavorab l y at Monte Grande and the best
.
,
m ethods of Scotch far m ing w ere soon seen in full pla on the pa m pas
y 1
s e veral handicra fts w ere als o suc cess ful ly e ar n ed on a nd the w o men raised
’
m ilk b utter ch ees e and eggs l n large quantities

, , ,
although the use of ,
'
m ilk and but t e i w as then u nkno w n in B uenos A res The s piritua l w a nts
y
o f the colonists w ere a t tended to b t h e talented Rev Dr Bro w n and
y late ; _
. .
a l l w ent well til l the Braz ilia n w a r bro ke o ut The cur1 e ncy of B uenos .
A y res be ca m e depre ciated d is p ut es arose bet w een the colonists and M r

,
.
Rob e rtson the e st abl iehm e n t Wa s broken up m an y bri ght h opes w ere
, ,
dispelled and Mr R obe rtson w a s ruined It i s said th a t h e ha d expen d ed

,
. .
alone on th e m a ns ion house and orna mental p lantations of Sa nt a

-
C atalina : these w o od s con tain ove r 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 t rees , principall y ac acia ,

z a n om 12 3
paradise p each , espin ill o

,
th e v isitor w ill also fin d so m e friends of
,
c hildhood in th e haw thorn oa k beech ho l l y aspen e l m an d ivy w hic h

, , , , , , ,
are no w here else t o be seen in South A m eri ca The Scotch colonists did .
not s uffer the m sel ves to be cast do w n by their reverses but steadil y turned ,
t heir attent ion to th e bus ines s of life so m e of the m cam e into to w n and , ,
a fter y ears o f hard labor succeeded i n m akin g h a ndso m e fortun es ; the

,
re st settled do w n to rural purs uits and b eca m e in a s hort ti m e o w n ers o f

great t racts of l and and c o untless fl ocks and herds D r Bro w n resolved . .
als o to stand by his c ount ry m e n h e took an apart m ent in th e cit v to ser 1 e

a s a chapel a nd a dded to his slender i nco m e by teachin g Steps w ere soon
,
.
take n to ra ise funds for b uilding a church a nd Dr Bro w n w a s sent to ,

.
England to seek aid fro m the Go vern m ent : in th is he w a s so s uccessful that

{
a n Act of Pa rlia m ent w as passed 6 th G eorge giving for the support of
E nglish a nd Scotch churches abroad a s um equivalen t to th at subscribed by
the loc al r esidents an d this a rrange m ent is st ill i n force
,
.
Sou t h of Santa C a talina is the Ortega estan cia and e a st w ard of the latter ,
is the Bursa co propert y m os tl y un der India n co rn ; it is tra versed by th e

, ,
S outhern rail w a y and ha s over a thous and ac re s ri chl y c ultivated

,
The .
lands of C orrea are nearer to the village of Las L a m as .
Man y of the chacr as are o f great e xte nt a nd all are co v e re d w ith rich
, ,
c orn fie lds or m eado w far m s to the extent of

- -
acres
,
the
principal are
Cu a dra s . Na m e . C uad ra s .
Bell , 20 3 Zu niga ,
10 0
Ave llan eda , 13 5 L a no
a co , 10 0
G onsalez , 12 0 Mrs Kid d .
,
40
T o ut rie l , 120 Plans fa m il v ,
1 42
To rre s ,
10 0 Ba y 12 8 ,
1
Ge orge T em pe rle y 54 Avila ,

123 ,
1
Correa ,
10 6 Am e n de bun 1l 1 ,
Brun , 114 F e rbe n 10 6 ,
L anus , 1 40 H Pringles 60 .
,
O f thes e the finest certa inl y i s Mr Te m p e rl e y s abou t h al f a m il e .

’
,
b e y ond the Lo m as station close t o the line of rail w a y The h ouse and
.
, .
gro unds are exc eed ingl y t a steful for m in g one o f the prettie st sub u rban,
re sidences about to w n : t he propert y ha s been m uc h enhanced in value by

the Southern ra il w a y p a ssing through it an d Mr Te m perle y h a s sold ,
.
n u m erous lots to English and A m eric a n m erchants w ho are establishing

c o un tr y h ouses here
-
O n th e opposite side of the ra il w a v is Mr
. .
L i vingsto n s cha rm ing pl a ce s urrounded by fruit and flo w er gar dens

’
.
,
124 TH E SO U TH ER N ‘
1 11 1 1 1 1 11 0 5
1 1
.
Ne arer t o the vill a ge a re the pr o p er t ie s of

E ast of the r a il w a y in t h e m idst of sh ad y avenu e s and thicket s is 3 1 s
,
.
Kidd s fa m il y h o tel an exc e l l e nt ho use w h e re th e t 1 avell e r or 1 11 1 a l id m ay

’
, ,
p a ss a w eek ver y pleasan tly w ith all t h e co m for ts of an E ngl ish h o m e a nd

, ,
free fro m the b ustl e of the c it y Messrs He nr y Via k e rn a n d o thers have .

, ,
r e centl y purch ased a n d a n e w E nglish hot e l h a s b een sta rted

,
.
The village of L a Pa z m ore ge n e ra l h k no w n as « L a s L o m as

,
is ,
situ a ted on a rising g round w h ich co m m a nds a vi e w of t h e cit y : the air is

p ecul ia rl v fre sh a nd bra cing a nd the lo cali ty re p uted the m o st he lth }
,
a
a bo u t to w n The vil l a ge is in its i n fan c y hav in g onl y three s h ops and a ,
doze n h oiise s around th e ch urcl i: the latt e r is a ver y h andso m e st ru cture ,
and the vista on ev e n side is l ost in green l ane s and prett y q uintas Ther e
'
is a good fonda nea r the station The state sch ool 1 8 a ttended by 5 0 bo1 s .
and 3 5 g irl s Not far fro m the chu 1 ch there i s a co un t ry l1 o u se re centl y

.
-
,
built bv Marshall of Barr ac as A couple of m il es n earer to w n is the q ui nta

.
o f Don Ana ca rsis Lan a z w ith a fine re side n ce an d plantati ons of lofty
,
p p l th 11 h a s m ade a station h ard by

3
0 a rs : e 1 1 11 a
y .
The stock returns of the partido a i e — 3 5 2 6 co11 s i 9 67 h or se s , , ,
fine shee p ,
m e st iz a sh ee p being an avera ge of 5 0 0 c o w s, 3 00 horses
, ,
l
and sh ee p to the square league P0 p 1 1l a t ion — 8 0 3 ) Awge nt ine s .
,
1 5 5 Fr en ch 1 1 7 it alian s 4 7 E nglish 4 1 Sp aniards 3 8 G er m ans 1 In dian

, , , , , ,
53 various — total Ther e are 8 9 hou ses and 2 0 0 ranchos i nc l udi n g ,
1 6 p ul p e ria s Th ere are 4 alcal des 1 6 tenientes and 1 0 poli ce Th e

.
, ,
.
l a nd is m ostlyval ued at $ 1 0 0 0 to $ 1 50 0 per cuadra Total va l uat ion

, , .
in 1 8 62 ; Cont ribucion tax ,
Municip a l it y h four m e m bers ; m unici p al revenue Justi ce o f ,
Peace Don Victori o Grige ra ; Post m aste r Don Gre gor io L arios
, ,
.
L o m as de Za m ora is 2 leagues S of Barracas 2 W uof Qu il m es 4 S E o f .

, ,
. .
Moro n 9 NE of Ca nuelas 6 N of Sa n Vicente and 9 N W o f E nsena da

,
.
,
.
, ,
. . .
S a n Vice n te .
Situa te ten leagues so uth of Buenos A y res h as an a rea o fifty six s qua re f -
l e ague s a nd co m prises 7 4 estan c ias a n d 12 3 ch a cras

, ,
This p artid o w a s one o f th e firs t w he rein s h eep fa rm in g w a s -
e x p e rim e nt e d in B uenos A y res a n d full y half its exten t is o w ne d b v

,
foreig ners It i s ver y th ic k l y s e ttled w ith E nglish a n d G er m ans w h o

. ,
n u m ber over a tho usand and hol d so m e o f the fines t estancias in t h e

,
countr y The lands are generall y ver y l ow but the grass is con sidered
.
,
1 26 TH E S O UT H E N R m ar in e s .
his attention to the i m p orta tion of pr iz e sheep f ro m E urope for t h e

’
refine m en t of the bre ed in t h is count r y : Harra t t s meri nos are con sid e re d ’
so m e of the Iia ést and best an d the st 1 an g er ca nn ot do better tha n to p a y ,
a vi si t to tliis fa m ed « caban a 0 11 this e stancia there is a good w a y side

.
«
h o tel kno w n as Sut t on 5 w here co m fortable Qu arters m a y be h a d a nd the

’
, ,
’
co un tr
3 a round affords excellent s h ooting : Mr Ha ndl e the p 1 op rie t o r is .
, ,
VC l
y a t t e n tive to visitors .
A le a gue sout h of Sa n Vivente village i s G eorge Bell s fi ne estan cia ’ '
c a lled Via m e nt : it is i n tersected by an 1 1 1 0 3 0 of the Sa nborom bon Mc

'
1 . . .
Bell i s one o f the ch ief la nded p r0 p 1 ie t 0 1 s in the Rive i Plate havi ng 1 1
n u m er ou sestanci a s bot h 1 11 t his province a nd t he Banda O rie nta l ; h e w a s ‘
one of the Monte Gra nde c olonis ts a l re a dv m entioned South w est o i this
'
estan c ia is that belonging to the heirs o i t h e l a te Mrs Willia m s a n ‘

.
,
'
i ndu t rious l ris h w o m an w h o ca m e h 1 t h e r fro m the Queen s Co over fo rt y

s
’
.
,
y e a rs a o
g
Gle w s and Bursa co s estancias are ne a r the Gl
'
St ati onon the So uthern

’ ’
R a il w a y ; the fi rst h is a p i e t t y plant a t ion a rou nd th e house the se cond i s ,
m o st l
y unde l g 1 ain The lands of N e l so n and Ferguso n a djoin t hose of
.
l l a r1 a tt in t he di e e tion of R a nchos
1
,
The l in e o f rdil w a3 fro m Sa n .
Vic ente to Sa n bo m m bon trave rses t he est an cias of b e e rs D o nse l a a r , ,
M l a 1 q uha r U1 da 1 1 uiol a W il k 1 e and h a nl k es Ea st w a i d of the t w o l a st

1
, ,
.
m enti o ned es tates ire tho se of Te m p e rl e y D a le y a nd Co r1 a l e s w h ich a 1 e , , ,
w a t e 1 e d by t w o a 1 ro 3 os w hi ch ta l l i n to the Sa nbm o m bon G o w lan d .

,
is on t h e i borde rs of E nse nada , a nd F err ari near the st a tion of the

' '
sa m e na m e .
L and is valued at $ 40 0 0 0 0 p er l eague : total 1 11 111111 10 11 ,
a g a ins t 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 8 6 2
, ,
C o nt 1 ib ucion t a x $ 8 8 0 0 0 Stock retu rn s
.
, ,
.
7 6 9 3 co w s
,
horses 5 4 5 0 fi ne s he ep l
,
49 4 mes t iz a sheep 9 5 6
, , , ,
c reole she ep being a n a ver a ge of 1 50 co w s 3 0 0 hors e s ; and 2 9 0 0 0 sheep

'
,
'
per squa re l ea gue Th e a m ount of land under tillage 1 s e sti m at e d at fou r

.
Popul ati on— 4 0 42 Argentin es 48 0

_
squa re l ea gues , o r about a c1 e s ,
E n glish 3 9 7 Italia ns 3 86 8p a m a 1 ds 2 9 5 Ger m ans 2 1 8 F re nch 3 Ind1a ns ;

’
’
, , , ,
total T here are 8 9 houses a n d 1 a 11 chos i ncludi ng 2 9

‘ '
,
"
1
1 111 1 1 3 1 111 5 There are fi ve a l ca l des 2 5 tenie ntes 1 2 p olice , a nd 6 59
'
, ,
National G uards .
Sa n Vic ente IS a poor vil la ge a league fr om t h e ra il w a y station 3 1 1 t h

’ ‘
omm unica tion is kept u p by an Om nib us : F orm e i l v ii w e t sea sons

i
w hich c
the v illag e w a s entirel y cu t oft by « ba na dosb a nd m a rslics f ro m a l l 1 1 1 1 11:

'
’
w ith t he cit y An effo rt h a s be en m ad e to 1 m p rove t he place by get ting up

.
a nu m be i of quintas , but n eith er thi s nor ev e n t he rail w ay ha s su c cee de d

'
na ncn os .
27
in i m part ing the least v italit y to Sa n Vicente: There a re— a ch urch state ,
s chools seven shops an d fo rt y tw o rateable houses the best of the latte r

‘
-
, , ,
be in g those of Peter Wilch ; Joh n Fre ers Peter Johnson ; Parod y M Borel , ,
.
F ernandez a nd l ric iti valued fro m

,
up w a rds Th e st a te sch ool i s
, ,
att e nded by 2 5 bo y s a n d 3 2 girl s The I rish r esident s o f thi s di s tri ct a re

'
v is it e d bv Re v Mr Mul l a dy of Cha sco m us T h e Scotc h residents at tend on

°
.
.
, .
Sunda y s at a chapel near Robson s estancia

’
-
.
J ustice of Pe ace Don Ra m on Sotelo ; Cura te Re v Do m ingo Sca v ini

, ,
.
,
Post m a ster Don Carlos Sec chi ; Muni cip a l it y s ix m e m bers ; m unicipal ,
re venue ,
Sa n Vicente is leagues south of La s L o m as G ea st o f Ca nuelas 1 1 , ,
N E of G uar dia d e l Monte 1 0 } N s o f Ra nch os and 1 0 W oi E nsenada

’
.
, ,
. .
Ra nch os .
Situa t e t n ént y l e ague s so uth of B uenos A yres h a d for m erl y an area o f

' '
n inet y s qua re lea gues n o w reduc ed to sixt y three ,

-
.
“
Thi s partido w a s the cra dle o f sh e e p fa rm iug in Bue h e s A y res a nd th e
‘
-
industr y w ill be for e ver identifi ed 11 11 t h e n a m es of Sheri dan Hannah

1
, ,
a nd Ha rra tt fro m W hos e « ca ba h a s » a re d e scended m ost of the re fined flock s

’ ‘
of t he n o rth w est a n d south Th e lands of Rancho s are in m a n y pla ce

’
‘ ‘
'
.
, ,
“
,
l o w and m ars h y ; a n d suffer at ti m es fro m over flo w ing o f the lagoons an d

“
a rroy o ; b ut n ev e r fro m drought The p a rt ido is boun ded on the N bv . .
Sa n Vicen te on th e W b y G u a rdi a Mbnte on the S a nd E by Chasc o m us ;

‘
. . .
, ,
b efore th e recent change of li m its it e ft te n de d so ut hw ar ds to th e Rio Salado

-
but n o w it o nl y t o uch e s t ha t ri ver at :the Pa sO Pon ce a n d Paso de fl am e s

' ’
' ‘
on the L C p e z ‘
The l argest e st a n cias in t h e idist ifict of R a ncho s n ow a re those of

'
Sheridan Barratt a nd Hannah Th e b re ed of sheep a t these e sta n cia s

‘ ”
.
, ,
w a s originall y the s a m e na m el y thos e i m porte d fro m Fran ce a n d Ge rm a n v

, ,
for the G overn m ent bv R iva davia The death of Mr Sherida n in 1 8 4 4 ,

.
. .
and of Mr Ha rr a tt in ; 18 49 produced icha n ge s in the m anage m en t

.
,
detri m ental to the breed of thei r shee p 1 Mr Ha nnah s hav e ha d th e . .

’
a dvanta ge of h is con t i n uous sup e ri n t e n da nce fro m t h e begi nning of 1 8 2 7 t o

l
th e p resent da y His st oc k ihcl ude s a fl ock of about 50 0 pure h e gre t e

.
e w e s and a s m alle r n u m b er of Ra mbo uillet , b e si des fl ocks of p ure

.
’ ' ’
Merin o blo od a nd crosse S fi om t h e sa m e w ith Negrete a nd Ra m boui l let ‘
,
“
r a m s His m esti z a b re e d m a y be c on sider ed such in na m e onl y havin g
'
r
.
,
been stea dil y crossed w ith pure ra m s for m or e than fort y y ears .
T HE S O U TH ER N PAR T ID O S .
The pri ncipa l estancias ar e

Na m e . S . L ea gue s Na m e .
John Hanna h ,
Barda fa m il y , ,
Wel ch m an ,
3 1} Garcia d o , .
Harrat t , 4 Ba l ccdo ,
Alegre fa m il y , ,
as
; G Hunt.
,
Petron a de O .
,
1 Be rn a n ,
Dr Gibbi n gs
.
, F Miller
.
,
G enova , H T h w aites
.
,
Pere y ra , G odo y ,
Aguiar , C o w an ,
Do m inguez , C h urruca ,
Rive ro , F B usto s
.
,
D iaz , Merlo ,
G ere z fa m il y , , Ara m b uru ,
Senillosa , G il e z ,
Br y an Thorp , A rista ,
C abrera fa m il y , , Martinez fa m il y , ,
W .G lennon , L ara ,
Neg rete , Ra m irez ,
V illanueva ,
. 1.
C a p on e ] ,
A Lopez
.
, Pinto ,
P A cos ta
.
, P Videla
.
,
St a Chiclana
.
, Fernande z fa m il y ,
,
F igueroa , W Purvis .
e , .
Sotu y o , fa m il y , Herrera fa m il y , ,
Planes , J Pettigre w
.
,
Montes , C ardenas ,
Pedernera , Jeppener ,
Paz os ,
In this distri ct there are n ow ver y fe w large e st a néia s. The estancias

d e l E spartillar and Rincon de Vivot form e 1 1y the t w o largest in the parti do ,
.
alth o ugh m uch n earer to the to w n of Ra nch e s th an to Chasco mus , have

b een annexed to the las t na m ed dist 1 ict .
At the Es partilla r the e x p e rim e ntiis being carried out o f a cross bet w ee n
t he half Lin coln e w es a nd t he F re nc h m erino breed Mon ch a m p The l atter .
a re not onl y ver y long in sta ple b ut also of fine quali ty Their w ool 1 5 , .
used in the m anufacture of « m uslin de laine » and other fabrics It is .
h oped the experi m ent w ill suc ceed .

30 T HE SO U T HERN
r
PA R T ID O S
squa re for $ 3 0 5 4 he sold it to Mr Go w l a nd i n 1 8 49 for .
includ in g a ra ncho and sheep Sin ce t h e n i t h a s rece ived m 1l ch

'
i m prove m ent : the esta ncia house w here Se nor Fig ueroa r esi des is a -
c o m fort abl e dw elli n g surro un ded by large « g a lpones » w it h French tile

'
roofs and the w hol e is sheltered by a plant a t io n of peaches and popla rs

, .
Se nor F iguero a is pa rtne r w i th Mr G o w land a n d J ustice of Peace fo r the .

,
d ist rict The e stanci a o f Henr y Th w aites lies bet w een Ra n ch e s a n d the
.
r a il w a y a dj a cent to the other e states of the fa m il y : the re i s a m odern

,
a zot e a hous e w it h a la rge quinta for fr ui t and ve getables

,
.
The Jeppener estancia i s re pu ted one of t he best for i ts size in the

p rovin ce it is h a lf a lea g ue fro m the st a tion of th at n a m e e ast w a rd a n d
.
, ,
t he handso m e galpon w it h it s t u rrit rises above the su rroun ding planta

, ,
t io n T he p rop rieto r e nd e avo red to esta blis h a to w n close to th e r a il w a y

.
s ta tio n but it see m s h e se t to o h i gh a value 0 11 t he gr a n d Mr e p e n e r

,
. .
is no w a ba rra que ro in Barra cas .
Three le a gue s 11 e st of Je p pene r sta tion i s the fa m ou s Sherid a n es t an c ia ,
c a ll e d Los G al p o n es n o w t he p ro p ert y of Mrs W e l ch m a n It w a s th is

,
. .
l a dy s fa the r Pe t e r Sh e rid an w ho be ga n sh e e p fa rm ing i n t his co untr y

'
, , , ,
e n do w i ng D ue 0 3 l y res w it h a sta p le t ha t n o w g ives

-
‘
ster l i n g
r a n n u m T h e S h e rid a n es t a tes w e re t h e subj ec t o f lo n g liti gatio n until
p e .
,
11 se ttle m e n t w a s a rri ve d a t a fe w y ea rs a go 0 11 this e s t a ncia the J ocke y

,
.
Club h e l d it s m e e tin g l a s t Se p t e m be r : t he si l ve r c up w a s p re s e n ted by the

G o ve rnm e n t of Bue no s A y re s a n d w on by Mr To m k in son s Ga uchito , .
’
.
Th e lan d is v alued a t p e r sq u a re league To tal v alu ati o n .

,
C j n t ribucio n tax
'
'
Stock r e turn s ,
co w s ,
ho rses 2 3 2} l 6 fi ne shee p , ,
m est iz a shee p ,
and ,
s w i ne be i ng a n a ve r a ge of 50 0 c o w s 4 50 horses and
,
sheep per
, ,
s q ua r e le a gue Popu l a tion . Ar gen tines 3 5 9 E n glish 4 5 9 French , , ,
7 0 7 S p a nia rds 3 2 ! Ita l ian s 1 0 2 Ger m ns a 2 1 2 ,

—
va ri ous to tal There ,
,
'
a re 1 1 7 houses a nd ranch os including 6 3 p ul p e ria s There are 7 ,

.
a l c aldes 2 9 teni e n tes 1 4 police and 7 2 1 Na tional G uards

,
~
, ,
Agric ulture is .
ene r all in a b ack w a rd sta t e ; the re a re 3 8 0 cha cra s and qu inta s but
g y ,
.
m ostl y p lan t ations of p e a ch e s a n d po plar s

'
Ran che s i s a to w n in rui ns Y o u pass throu gh st ree ts or lane s w it h

.
r oo fle sshouses a t di stan ce s of thirt y to fifty y ards sho w ing that the place
, ,
'
onc e opulou s th e plaz a the sa e d esolation reigns nd

'
w as p [ 1 1 .
m a m
rancho used a s a church w ith one he l l broken a n d ano ther c racke d ; a fond a
,
t er m inating a ro w of e m pt y tene m ents an al m acen a cting as post office -
'
a nd a n arc h f or running see m s a sarcas m upon the drea r y

sepul c hral aspect of the to w n — voil a tout ! I f y o u extend y our w an dering
t hro ugh the te nantless streets , y ou co m e upo n a decen t h ous e that belonge d
R A N CH O S . 13 1
”
to the late D r Sheridan a quinta of Se nor Casalins a baker y a carpente r s
.
, , ,
’
s ho p a nd a b oot s hop t h e l ast s ign of vitalit y in th is « Deserted Villa ge

,
-
, . »
It i s a m arvel ho w these thre e artis a n s can eve n m ake out a l iving

'
The .
natives th e m selves sa v— « Th e pl ac e can no longer be c a ll ed Ra nch os but ,
L a s Tu m ba s » The r uin of Ranchos is generally a sc ri bed to s o m e M u nici

.
p a l ity or J ustic e of Pea ce a fe w y ears ago w h o suffe red the cattle of the
, ,
estancias to overr un the q uintas and ruin the quintero s A grand n e w .
h
c urch ca pable o f holding t w ice the pop ulat ion o f the w hol e
, p a r tido i s ,
n o w bei ng co m plete d In 1 8 63 there w e re 5 l ra teabl e houses of w hic h

.
,
'
o nl y t w o w ere valued o ver viz those of R osa s and Ebor a l l :

s ince then the rui n ha s inc rea s e d an d nothing ca n rev i ve th e place b ut the
,
e xpe cted b ranch fro m the Southern Rail w a y to the Rio Salado .
Ra nche s w a s for m er l y an o ut p ost on the Ind 1 an frontier a nd y o u still ,
s e e a t t h e street corners s o m e of the old p ieces of ca nno n used a t that ti m e

-
.
T h e st ree ts are w holl y i m pas sable in rain y w eather a nd the q ua nt ity o f dog s ,
unprecede nted The popul a tio n i s no m inall y s et do w n at

. but
c anno t reach half tha t figure ; eve n o n Sunda m ornings o u h ardl see a
y y y
d ozen people at Mas s o r in t he streets The shop of t he la te D r Sherida n . .
is n o w held by Mr Thom a s N uttall ; Se no r Ca m p ero s shO p in the o l d p laza

.
’
is also w ell supplie d a nd th e pro p rietor is m ost polite a nd attentive to

,
strangers Don Jua n Gara t runs a u dil ige n cia da il y to and f ro m Al ta m i ran o
. »
Sta t ion , placin g Ra nch os w ithin fi ve hours j ourn e y of th e cit y : the ’
« dilige n cia fare is 8 3 0 The I rish residents abou t 3 0 0 in nu m b e r belong

» .
, ,
t o the dist ri ct o f Chasco m us w hich is at pre sent thei r paris h ,

The .
state school s are a t tended by 4 0 bo y s a nd 4 5 gi rls .
R anchos is fi ve lea gue s w est of C ha sco m u s and there intervenes a large ,
l agoon calle d Lake Vite ] : it is fo ur lea g ues of Pa so R a m os on the

‘
R io Salado ; and four S W of Al ta m i rano sta tion it is nine ea st of Guardia

. .
,
Monte ten and a ha l f so uth of S a n Vi cen te and sevent e e n S W of

,
-
,
. .
Magdale n a .
J ustic e D on Bernab é Figueroa ; C urate Re v An dres Se rr ano ; Post

, ,
.
m aster R A Fl ores
, . Munici palit y six m e m bers ; Municipa l reven ue
. .
, ,
Cl ia sco m us .
Situate
t w ent y fo ur l e agues south of Buenos A y res
-
h as a n a rea of 18 0
,
s quare le a g ues and co m pris es 1 1 8 e sta n cias

,
T HE S O U TH ER N PAR T ID O S .
The princi p al estanc ias a re
m
I
Na e: S .
‘
L e a gue s .
Migu e n s fa m ily , ,
13 Huergo ,
Ne w ton ,
5 O choa ,
G andara ,
5 Alsina ,
J uan Ferna nd e z , L aco m be ,
Calderon fa m il y , ,
6 L e za m a ,
G eorg e Bell ,
. 3 Th w aite s ,
,
C as a lin s fa m il y , ,
6g lvie t o ,
'
Girado , fa m il y ,
4 Ac e v e do ,
Pl ow e s , 2 } J No w ell
.
,
e fa m il v
J a im . 1} 1 lil on a st e rio ,
Cabre ra ,
l N J ohnston
.
,
Cas co ,
1 Lla no s ,
. knch ore n a , 1 H e r n a n dez ,
Zaba l a ,
1 Go nsa l ia ,
Sa n Martin ,
1 G ar cil a z o ,
1 J os eph Green ,
Go m ez ,
I§ ~
c Ja m es Dods ,
D iaz , fa m ily ,
1§ John D ods ,
Peter B ro w n ,
1 Alta m irano ,
Ara nda , Arro y o ,
Acost a ,
A y ala ,
Aguero ,
Mrs Mul l a dy .
,
Ma e h a do fa m il v ,
Pa ez fa m il y , ,
Montene gr o ,
Robe rt Wilso n ,
P a t ric k \Va l l a ce R incon ,
Ech a gil e , Portela ,
F on z a l ida , P Max w ell

.
,
C O O .
Pe re z ,
John Pesse y ,
R obert Wilde ,
Sor ia fa m il y , ,
Au m a da , 1 Z e ba Hos,
Bar ra ga n ,
Joseph G rah a m ,
P e re y ra ,
])ua rt e ,
11 uf1111 a 11
'
Vivo t ,
Geo rge Shiel ,
J o hn Pa ir ,
J ohn Y C ue .
,
Al va rez ,fa m il y ,
Dov a l ,
R Buchana n.
,
Leg s a inoii,
tii A Benav e nte
.
,
Fri a s , Alexa n d r Bell , e

13 4 TH E S OUTH E RN P AR T ID O S .
'
m ore t h a n six lea gues sa y a cr es E nglish and the sto ck about

, ,
sheep ; horned cattle bes ides l io rse s & c In on e flock ar e , ,

.
‘
seen 3 0 0 fine sheep L inc olns and the ir cross w ith other breeds
,
The ‘
D urh a m h alf b red co w s for m a respectable « rodeo

-
w hile the half bre d ,
» -
h orse s a re reall y beautiful the se last are de sce n de d from t w o prize stallion s
,
(on e cost g n e a s)im p ort e d by Mr F a ir

i O f t he fort y t w o puesto s
’
u . .
-
so m e are h e ld by Irish m e n othe rs by Scotc h m en Ba sque s n atives & c , , , ,

.
Mr Fair ha s offered a ran ch o to be kept a p art as a C a tholic c h a p el for t he

.
,
u se o l the iri sh neighbo rs but a s y e t this liber al offer h a s not been a cted
’
'
on Th e Esp a rt ill a r i s considered on e of the fi nes t and bes t ar ranged

‘
establish m e nt s in the cou nt ry un der the exper ie n ce d m an a ge m en t of Mr ,

.
Patri ck V a ns A gne w R eid : it w a s fo rm e rl y o w n e d by Mr L udia m it is said .
that Mr F a ir w a s offered . for the es tate a nd refused it T he Fai r .
fa m i l y have ot her l a rge est a tes a t Monte Gran de a n d in the B a n da O rienta l .
Bet w een th e E s p artillar a n d the Rin con de Roch a on the Rio Sa l a do i s , ,
th e exte n s ive Vivot esta n ci a ; it h a s sever a l l a goo n s a nd th e prop rietor is a ,
dep u ty i n the Provincial L eg isl a tu re Th e e st a n cia s o f K ufl m a n a n d . .
T h w aites lie bet w een Chas co m u s a nd R a ncho s on th e bo rders of L a ke ,
Vit e l Further north i s th e G an dara est a n cia t ra verse d b v the South e rn

.
,
R ail w a y w hi ch h a s a station on t he grou n d : the G a ndara residenc e i s a

,
fine m odern b ui l d ing surrou n ded by a peach m ount w ith alle y s of left}
, ,
'
p op l a rs The p roprietor p u t up a gra se ria n ear th e statio n th e m a chiner y

.
« »
,
bei n g by Marshall of Ba rraca s ; b ut t h e w ork s are n o w suspe n ded E ast .
w a rd a re th e la n ds o f Dia z Bell Buch an a n a n d Be n avente ; a n d n e a r the

, , ,
Sa nboro m bon w e find the est a nci a s of Ne w ton a nd othe r En glish p ro p rietors .
Ne w ton s is a l a rge a n d v a l ua ble p rope rt y w ell st ocke d w ith superior

’
,
sheep a n d c attle : th e w ool i s pressed a nd baled on the estan cia a n d ,
’
ship p ed direct to E ngl a nd fo r the o n ne r s ac count Th e estanci a ho use .
-
h a s a l ine m o nte a n d cha cra supplied w ith the ch oicest fruits a n d pro ducts
,
there is a l so a p art of the establish m e nt se t a pa rt for rearing silk w or m s -

,
w hi ch a re doi n g re m a rkabl y w ell a n d the s a m ples of s il k are excellent ,

.
The late Mr Richard Ne w ton se n w as a n a cti ve a nd e nter p rising E ngl ish

.
,
.
,
m a n w h o a c cu m ul a ted a sp l cn did fort u ne : h e wa s a le a ding m e m ber o f

,
th e Arg e n tine Ru ra l A soci a tion a n d al w a y s in fa vor o f w ork s of progress

s
.
h e e ssa v e d un su ccessfull y to m ak e a n A rt e si a n w e l l o n t h e est a nci a t he

fa m il y possess vario us ot h er l in e est a tes on bot h side s of the Ri ver P l a te .
The Ne w ton est a nci a g oe s by th e na m e of Sa nta M a ri a a nd is prettil y .
sit uat e d o n a ri s ing g rou n d a bove the Sa n borom bo n .
Nex t to Ne w ton s i s Santa Cat a lina w hich has be e n sub divid e d bet w ee n
’
,
-
R obert Wilso n Hugh R obson Mul l a dy a nd Herna ndez

,
The l a te M r s, ,
. .
C H ASC O MU S . a .)
K a llad y bu ilt a chape l o n h e r land for the use of her Iri sh neighbo rs .
Next co m es th e an cient estan cia of L a s )Iul a s sub divided bet w een Mr S ,

-
. .
Ne w ton Nini an Johnston J G raha m Peter Bro w n W Shields J Bell

, ,
.
, , .
,
.
,
W Bell R Buchana n a id the old es t ancia house is o ccupied by Mr

.
,
.
,
-
.
Willia m D e dd To the south of La s Mulas is t h e Adel a es ta nci a b elonging

.
,
to Mr Ge orge B e ll a t p resent h eld by Mr John D e dd ; a nd further south

.
,
.
.
is the Est a ne ia de E spe ranz a the proper ty of O choa 6: Co o f B uen os A y res ,

. .
All these ca m ps a re usua lly co vered w ith l uxuri ant p a sturage an d w ethe rs ,
for the grase ria s fet ch 8 3 0 a h ead

« » .
The lands of D on J uan Ne p ern uce n o Fernandez o c cup y all t he iut e rm e d ia te

c ountr y bet w een the to w n o f C hasc o m us a nd the En cadenadas lakes The .
An chorena propert y is a t th e Averias la goon oc cupied by Mr W illia m Ball ,

. .
and Mr Pl e w es ha s t w o fi ne e s tates one east of La s )Iuia s the other

.
, ,
b e t w een C hisch is a nd the R io Salado : one of thes e belo n ge d t o the l ate

Mr J a m es C a rt h v South ea st of C h isch is are th e est a n cias of L ac o m b
. .
-
'
a nd Leza m a and ne a rer the Salado w e fin d G ra de Montenegro a nd iu m a da

, . .
,
The R incon de Bie d m a c o m p ri es m an y la rge estates Those o f Messrs s .
N ican or a nd J ose Bligue ns exte n d fro m th e Sa nborom bon to the Salado an d ,
touch the c oa s t o f the R i ve r Pl a te a t th e place w here the t w o fi rst na m ed -
rivers e m pt y th eir w aters onl y hal f a league apa rt The Lo m a ilta a little ,
. .
,
m ore inland is the p ro p e r ty of th e Calde ro n fa m il v ; a nd then c o m e th e

,
estanci a s of Casalin s a nd El T i g re the l a tt e r is the p rop e rt v of Mrs Pa l e in ou .
Huergo and is chie fl y rented out t e l i ish m e u The Pine v ro estancia s are
,
.
b et w een El Tigre and Chas co m us .
T ne land in this pa rti do is va lue d at to per squa re

l e a gu e .Tot a l v a lue a g a i nst in 186 1 .
Cont ribucion tax Thi s partido possesses the largest a nd m os t

flour ishi n g Scot ch co m m un it v in the co unt rv t he y ha ve a chape l a t the
Esta ne ia Adela besi des an other nea r Jep p en er station th e first being
, ,
a tte n ded by the R e v Mr F e rguson the se cond by th e Re v . . The .

.
to ta l Eng l is h po p ula tion is o ver and the p arti do is in creasing in v a lue

a n d po ulat on sin ce the ope ni n g of t h e Southe rn Ra il w a y S tock returns
i
p .
cow s ho rses , fine sheep m estiz a sh eep

. , ,
c reol e hee p a n d s w ine ; being an a ve ra ge of 3 0 0 c o w s 4 50

s
, ,
h o rses a n d , shee p p e r s q uare league There a re houses and 9 8 7 .
'
r a nc h e s inc l ud ing l 2 5 p ul p e ria s Po p ul a tion

,
'
Argen tines .
,
Frenc h . Eng l ish l 9 | 0 Spani a rds 9 7 It a li a ns 3 7 Ger m a n s 2 Indians

, , , , ,
‘
1 2 ! v a r iou s ; t ota l There are 8 alca l des 3 0 tenient e s 1 5 police , ,

.
,
a n d 90 0 Nat onal G uard s A g ric ul t u re is m ak in g m uc h p rog ress the various

i .
,
sheep fa r m e rs c ul tiva ting ch a cras for ra ising vegetables a n d fruit : there

-
38 T HE so nr u m uv m m m o s .
are in all 1 6 2 chacra s w ith a n a ggrega te of about acres under

,
till a ge .
Chasco m us is delightfull y situate d on th e m ar gin of a l a r ge l ake and ,

’
w ithin fo ur ho urs j o urne y of to w n by rail w a y In p ict ure sq ue aspect ,
.
’
co m m er cial i m porta n ce a n d rapid and progressi ve vi tali ty it can stan d , ,
co m parison w ith t he best to w ns in the p rovin ce and i s th e centre of one of ,
t he m ost val uable of o ur sheep far m ing distri cts Its annual exports exceed -
.
ste rli n g )and the to w n b oasts a h andso m e church ,
a n d plaza besides a s m all the a tre ,

O n on e side of the Pl a z a is th e C a bildo .
a rc a de co ntaining the Juzg a do and publi c sch ools The parish c ure is
,
.
Padre Am p e gna ni a nd th e Re v Mr Fer guso n i s Scotch p a stor The l atter

,
. . .
entl e m an is m uch e stee m ed by a l l classes of fo reigners a n d h a s res ide d

g ,
he re so m e y e a rs The St a te sc h ools are ver y co m m odious a nd th e a verage

.
-
,
atten da nc e i s sixt y J ive bo x5 a n d n in et y girls There w a s fo rm erl y a n En gl ish .
sch oo l ; w h ich ought to p a y w ell Pre vious to the cholera D r C rosbie . .
practis e d here but he fel l a v icti m t o th e e p ide m ic and th e re is n e w but

, ,
one n a ti ve ph y si ci a n There are t w o a pothecaries so m e g ood inn s and 4 2

.
, ,
sh e ps There a re 1 0 5 rate a ble houses t he best b e in g those of C a s co

.
, ,
'
Macha do Arist e guin C a sa ge m a s B a tie r Arias Alela r Be h a ve G a l y

, , , , , , ,
Ma t ie u Ol iv a res Pe re y ra Pe re da U n an ue Go m ez G orost ia ga Ca salins

, , , , , , , ,
Bu il t G a n dara and N e w ton va l ued f ro m

, ,
up w a rds The best ,
.
Pe t t igre w K ing Zavala and Mila n e ;

‘
hou ses of business a re those of Auld , , ,
the first n a m e d a re t h e S ta nda rd a gen ts The re i s a lso a go o d pho tographer

-
.
,
Mr F erguson But t h e gre a t or n a m ent of Chasco m us i s the G reat Southern

. .
R ail w ay te rm inus a h a n dso m e buildi ng finished in E ngl ish st y l e w ith

, ,
sp a ci ou s w a iti n g roo m s e ll ices & c all the m a te ri al s are fro m the l oca l it v
-
, , .
,
the lagu na p rov i di ng e vce l l e nt s a nd an d the Ca m a rones est a ncias (be l o n g ,
i ng to Se nor Agu e ro )h a ving su p e rior li m e So m e y e a rs a go t h e Salado had

'
’
a g rea t creci en te and the ste a m er Y erba as c e nd e d t o C ha sco m us Clos e
‘
,
.
to the la go o n is a hand so m e t w o sto ry m ansion built by Mr Cra w for d -
,
.
,
w ho m ade t he r a il w a y n o w o w ned b Mr Ar m st rong : t he re i s a char m in g

y ,
.
v ie w fro m th e m i rador es p e ciall y w hen the lake i s high

‘
Ch a sco m us w as
,
’
.
.
m a de a frontier p ost in 1 7 4 4 bu t its p rog ress w a s v er y slo w t ill the open ing ,
o f the So ut he rn Ra il w a y i n 1 8 6 5 It see m s des ti ne d to out strip a l l the , .
othe r c a m p to w ns in i m p orta n c e exce p t perha ps Chivi lc oy The iris h ,

.
Sis te rs of Merc y ha ve es tabli shed a b ran ch h o use he re fo r the e duc a tion o f -
th e irish fe m ale ch ild re n of t he su rrou n ding dist ricts Th e re a re se ver a l .
gr a se ria s for m el tin g do w n sheep a nd the f re i gh t of gre a se to the cit y ,
f o rm s a great fe a t ure in th e good s tr affic of t h e r a il w a y .
leagu e s S W of the Sa n bo rom bon S N E o f the Rio

'
Cha sco m us is . .
,
.
138 TH E S O U TH ER N P AR T ID O S .
The e sta n cias of D ia z a n d C W hi te lie b et w een the fore st of To1 dil io an d

.
valle y of the Vec in o ; a nd al m ost 1 n t he sa m e n e ighbo rho o e tl i

d are e l a n ds o f
Bell e Es cr ib a no Vadal Palo m eque a n d Zap iola

, , ,
Near the L a guna L im p ia . ,
cl ose to the to w n is the estancia of P e d ro J u a rez a n d w e st w ord is that o f

, ,
A guero d Co n e a r the F a lc on l agoon North of Dol ores w e m e e t the lands

c
.
, .
o f M a da ria ga Al m i ron Pi ne ro Co rdoba an d L u ro ; a nd the s m aller proper

, , ,
t ies of R old a n a n d A m a ral bo u n d t h e m u n icip a l chac ra s w est w a rd Th e .
o ffi cial lists s h o w o n l y th re e E n glish p ro p rie to rs Y ates L a ngra ve a n d , ,
White — but the t o ta l En gli sh popula tion n u m b e rs n e arl y 2 0 0 The la nd i s ‘

.
valued a t p e r sq u a re l e agu e : tot a l a ga nst

i
i n l S Gl Sto ck re t n r11 s —Gl 8 6 5 co w s
. horses ~ ~
, , ,
fi ne sh e ep ” 5 5 1 8 0 m e st iz a sh e e p 8 9 8 7 0 creol e sh eep a n d s w ine ;

2
, , , ,
b e ing a n a ver a ge of 9 0 0 co w s 3 0 0 ho r es a n d sh e ep to t h e squ a re s

,
lea gue Po p ulation

. Ar ge n ti nes 4 7 8 F re n ch 3 6 7 I ta li a ns 3 1 7 , , ,
Sp a nia rds { Bl Ger m a ns i2 E ng iish 7 5 l udia a s 0 0 va rious ; tot a l

‘
, , , ,
The re a re 5 1 ho us e s a nd 8 8 1 1 a nc ho s incl udi n g 8 7 p ul p e ria s

’
There are
’ '
.
,
alcaldes 5 8 tenie ntes 1 0 police a n d (3 5 3 N a tio na l G ua rds Ag ricult ure

.
, ,
.
i s m a k ing so me prog ress th e re a re chac ras co ve r in g m ore t ha n ,
ac res .
Dolores has pr obabl y p rogressed a s r a pidl y as a ny o ther to w n in the

pro vi ce
n 1 1 8 5 i th ere w e re ou ir t w o di l igen ce s m on t hl y pl y ing w i t h
11
.
‘
B uenos A y res : acc o rding to a r e c e n t c alcul a tion the re a re fort y diligen ces ,
c arr y in g 8 0 0 pa sse n gers to a nd fro m onthl y The t o w n has a taste f ul a nd .
b us y loo k w i t h a fine p y ra m id in the Plaz a b eari n g a b us t of Castelli w ho

, , ,
m ade t he fi rst frui tless revol ution ag a i nst the t ra n t Rosas the p y ra m id is
y
s urrounded by ro w s of i ro n sea ts The n e w chu rc h erect e d by Pa dre .
Erra usq uin and the M un icipali ty a t a n o utl a v of , ha s

9 6 pillars sup p o rting the na ve a nd fou r po rt icos a cuat ro v ientos The ‘ ’
.
a dj oin fn g block has b een p u rchased fo r the c onstr u ction of a Re cob a to ,
c on ta i n the s cho ols a n d t h e J uz ga d o T he b oy s school is c ond ucted by Mr .

’
.
Ab rine s a n a ti ve of G ib raltar w ho is hi ghly sp oken o f : it counts 1 2 0 l)o \ s ;

, ,
’
t he gi rls s chool has abou t half t h at n u m b e r There i s a s m all the a t re a t .
’
p re sent o p e n a bank u n der Se nor Brum n e l a n d a service of se re no s to
,
.
,
‘
“
p rotec t th e to w n by ni gh t .
T h e popula t io n of the e it v a s it is o i lic ia l iv s ty led is p ut do 11 M i 8 0 0

‘
,
souls a n d it is the grea t e m poriu m of t ra de 1 11 t h e s outhern dist ri c ts Th e re

,
.
w a s o ri gi nall a n intention to prolo n g t h e So u th e rn R a il w a y fro m Ch a s c o m u s

y
to Dolo res but thi s n o w se e m s doubtful a n d th e re is a coun ter p roj e ct t o
, ,
-
r un a line f ro m Al ta m i ra no statio n to R a nchos then crossing the R io Sa lado ,
n ear Paso dc Po nce a n d s triking i nto the h ear t o f the souther n c a m ps in

,
n ono nns . 139
the direction of t z ul At present the diligen ces r un dail y fro m Chasco m u s

. .
to Dolores alth ough the Sa l a do a t ti m es of fers gi e a t d if fic ul ties both to t h e

,
passenge r s and goods t ra tlic D a l m e s h as a C 1 im ina l T rib unal w it h Jtl l l S d 1 c

.
‘
tion over all the southern districts : also a branch o f the Pro vin ci a l Bank
for this a nd all the neighboring parti dos .
Dolore s is 1 7 leagues S S E of Cha sco m us and 8 le a gue s S of t he

'
.
,
. . .
p asse s calle d Postrera and Villar on the R io Salado : it is about 7 W of th e ,

.
seaboard 4 , of the Ca nada del

. e c ino 1 2 W N W o f T u\ 11 2 W of th e ,
. . . .
forest of Tordillo 2 7 N N W of Mar Chiquita

,
’
. . 1\ . of Tan dil and .

,
E N E of Az ul .
Jus ti ce of Peace Don Lino Lagos ; Post m aster Don No rberto F resco :
, ,
M uni cipalit y six m e m bers

, m unic ipal re ven ue 8 1 4 1 0 0 0 S t a nd a rd ,
.
agenc y at th e diligence e ll ic e .
The re is n o l rish pastor as i e t na m ed for this parti d o the d istrict belon g s ,
to the clerg y m an in Chas co m us This pa rtido is fa l l v capable of m a inta in

.
ing double the stock a t p rese nt o n i t but the e stan cieros a s k such hi g h ,
rents fo r their lands th a t i m m ense districts are m e re l v o ccupied by r odeo s

of horned cattle and m a re s .
MO TH E SO U T H coa sr rAnT m o s .
C H AP .
G U T H C O A S T P A R T I D O S .
QUIL ME S TO lii m C HIQU II A

’ ‘
Quil m e s .
SIT UA T E three lea gues S E o f B uenos A y res h a s ah area of t w ent y fi ve

. .
,
‘
-
s q ua re le a gues nearl
, y half of w hich is under till a ge and th e rest is t a ken ,
u p by t w e n t y one estan cia s

-
.
n the s ub u rban districts of Buen os A re s t here i s n one m ore picturesque

y
o r better w o rt h visitin g than Qu il m es The traveller w ho m ake s an
.
e xc ursion thi th er is agreeabl su rp rise d at t he valuable establish m ents

y ,
a gricu l tural p rogress a nd w oodland s cener of the for m er settle m ent of

, y
t he Quil m es Indians .
The road f ro m B a rracas p asses th rough fou r l eagues of m o st unp ro m ising

c o un t rv until w e reach the qu in t a latel y bel o n gi n g to Se no r Saaved ra a ,
Chil ia n re siden t w here the plantations b egin an d a sho rt dista n c e f urther

, ,
i s t h e cha cra o f th e Ala m os The p ro p ri etor Mr Latha m i s w ell k n o w n

.
,
.
,
for h is splendid b reed o f Engl ish a nd m estizo h orses : equ a ll y re m q a bl e

is h is m o del fa rm w hich is k ep t i n bea ut iful o rde r and furnishe d w ith th e
,
m ost i m pro ved E nglish i m ple m ents of a gric ulture The c ab a na of Messrs . .
L atha m B enaven te possesses the fi nes t b reed o f l ia m bou il l e t she e p i n

this C onti ne n t .
Bella Vi sta the pro p erty of Mr Jo h n Cla rke s tan ds 0 11 a risi ng ground
, .
, ,
a nd fro m the m irador is ob tained a ch a r m ing vie w w hich t a kes i n the ,
L o m a s dc Za m ora the city a nd t he w aters o f La Pl ata The p ea ch m oun t

, ,
.
f! i? TH E s our n c o a sr m a r io o s .
“
L eona rdo Pere y ra probably ha s not its equal in this provi n ce in point of '
a rrange m ent a S p a ci o us h ouse a nd beautiful garden l ar ge galpon es of

, ,
b rick mo rt a rt e x t cnsive alfalfar e s and all th e re quisites for an extensive

’
,
'
b reeding establish m ent for the best E nglis h « cria s of cattle sheep and »
, ,
h orses It w ould a ffo rd a treat to a ny lo ver of fi ne a ni m als to see h is

.
s tock : a n o ne o f his breeds are w o th the gallo p to se e ; b ut he h a s not

y r
o ne but m an y : the D urha m a short horned c attl e ; t h e Hereford ca ttle ,

-
the Cleveland ba y a c arri a ge ho rse b reed : the Sout hdo w n the Shropshire
, ,
d o w n the L ei ceste r sheep h e

, Mr Pere y ra is one of the w ealthie st m e n
,
t . ,
in th e Ri v er Pl a te .
The de p a rt m ent of Q uil m es though hav ing a c o m pa ra ti vel y s m al l ,
q uanti ty o f sh eep or c a ttle rea red in it i s sec on d to n one in the variet y ,
a n d q ua l i
.
t v of th e superio r b reeds Besides those of Don L eona rdo .
Pe y re ra a l ine h e rd o f sho rt h o rn e d c a ttle is t o be found a t Mr Davidson s ’

-
, .
e st a ncia ; the tho rough bred E n glish h ors e and his p rogen y -
D urha m b ul l ,
a nd herd o f c o w s at Mr L atha m s ch a c ra ; a nd last b ut n ot le a s t the ’

.
, , ,
fi nes t fl ock s o f Ra m b ouill e t p u re a n d m estiz a shee p in the countr y a t th e ,
ra m b reeding es tablish m ent of Don Manuel B e navente a nd Mr

-
Lath a m . .
The (loc k s of m e stiza (Ra m b oui l let )e w e s of these t w o gen tle m en aver a ged
S il t p e r fleec e this last sp ring shea rin g a nd co m m an de d the h ighest p ri ce ,
o f t he m a rk e t du ring t h e p a st t w o seaso n s viz : 8 1 9 0 to p e r arroba ; ,

.
ten m onths old p ure ra m la m bs 1 8 3 and B il l) w ool ; a n d p ure Ra m bouill e t ,

'
r a m s of t w o y e a rs and up w ards a veragin g 9 5; a rrobas w eigh t There i s n o .
n at ive ge n tl e m a n in the co untr y to w h o m greater credit i s due than to Don

Ha n ucl Benaven te w hos e ad m irable m anage m e n t a nd e xcee ding great car e
,
a nd attentio n ha s e nabled h im to take th e positio n o f th e m os t successful
b reeder of th e R a m bouillet sh eep in Bueno s A y res .
The propert y returns sho w th e follo w i ng estancia s :

Na m e. 8 . L e a g ue s . Na m e . 8 . h a guc s
L eon ardo Pere y ra ,

4 San chez , fa m i l y ,
Joh n Davidson ,
2 l sl a s,
G eo Bell .
,
If} Bar a nda ,
P onc e Leon ,
1} 4
Youn g ,
Arra sca e ta , }
1 Bo y d ,
D H udson ,
.
5 Arroy o ,
Sra Cruz .
,
Mrs W atson
-
J B ro w n
.
,
Godoy fa m il y , ,
Robson },
a Negrete ,
W Yates .
, g l sl as ,
F Bla ck
.
,
Diaz ,
1
The l and is e x ceedin gl y valuable , a nd e st im ated fro m up to
QUIL M E S .
1 43
per square le a gue O ur c ountry m e n ow n m ore than ha l f th e .
parti do and th eir pro pe rties includi n g the chac ra far m s are so m e of th e
,
, ,
’
finest in the countr y George Bell s l ands are partl y in this p a rtido but
. ,
’
princip a ll y in that of Ensena da John Davidson s lie along the Conchitas .
’
river do w n to its m outh on the sea boa rd R obson s a n d Bro w n s are
’
-
.
inl a nd bet w een the Scotch ch a pel and the So uthern R a i l w ay and Mrs
,
, .
Y a tes is near the coa st The li ne e st a n cia o f Leona rdo Pe re y ra o ccupie s .
al m o st the w h ole coast li n e fro m the Co n ch i ta s river to th e bo rder s of -
E nsenada it is w a tered m oreover b v th e Arro y o de l Pa to and t rave rsed for , , ,
it s w hole lengt h by th e telegraph w ire s c o nnectin g Punta L a ra w ith Buenos
There are 4 7 3 cha c ra s cover in g 6 0 0 0 0 acres ; the principal a re

t v re s ,
m
.
Na e C u a dr a s
K a in e
.
.
J ohn Clark Cabre ra ,

55
,
G a ra y fa m il v S ra H orn os .
,
, ,
53 5 Molino 80
lz a g uirre
,
“0 Arze fa mil y 59
W il fr e d L a tha m ,
2 0 , ,
Vil l i
a v ce ns o , i 55 Co rrea ,
J uan N F ernandez ,
.
1 10 D ura nona ,
Fo rteti
'
La v a lle 55 ,
,
P e rez fa m il v ,
Gi
’
G ons a le z ,
Ba s iga l a p ,
45 L eine ,
L e rdo n ,
Mrs M Clark . .
,
E sco ba r Lagar de ,
,
A Fernandez J os e Montes ,
. ,
He rrera ,
Que vedo ,
Sego v ia ,
M Sa aved ra
.
,
Be ra sa te gu i, V illaneuva ,
Mrs Ba rton .
,
He n r y Tho m ps on ,
C a bra l R Ma r ie l
.
,
,
G ut ier rez fa m il v , ,
N Ma rtin ez
.
,
Llanes .
M Mosqueira
.
,
Parej as ,
C Se a n z Valie nte
.
,
Baranda Senillosa
Dia z ,
C Dra y er
.
,
Fa ria ,
R a m os ,
G iraldes ,
22 Miralle s fa m il v , ,
C ar m en ,
12 O ta m endi ,
M Ba rra gan
.
,
90 Quine l i ,
M Benavente
.
,
90 Tho s San des .
,
Y Barag a n
.
,
90 Tobal ,
Bernal , 67
1 44 rm : S O U TH C O A ST p a m m os .
These ch a c ra s a s al re a d y st a ted are in th e high e st state of cul ti v a tion

, , , ,
b e i ng m ostl y in the h a nds of B a sques and I tal ians : there is also a sprinkl in g ‘
-
of e m ig rants fro m the C a na ry I slan ds .
The return s of stock for the partido a re co w s horses , ,
fin e sh eep m estiza sh eep a n d 7 8 8 s w ine b eing an a verage

, ,
of 8 0 0 co w s 50 0 hors e s a n d
,
shee p p e r sq uare le a gue Pop ul a t on
,
.
,
4 0 89 Arge ntine s 3 5 1 I t a l ia ns 3 46 Sp a n ,
iar ds 2 6 1 F rench 9 8 En gl ish 8 2
,
.
, , ,
G er m an s 5 3 var io us total
,
There a re 43 8 h ouses a n d 5 8 2 r a nch os ,
inclu di n g 5 9 p ul p e ria s Th e re a re b a lca l des 4 0 tenientes a nd 1 0 police

.
, .
The to w n of Quil m es i s pictu resq uel y situa ted o n a high gro und o verlook
ing t he River Plate w ith the ro a d ste a d a n d cit y of Buenos A y re s i n t h e
,
d s t a n ce
. T he en vi rons a n d quinta s are ve ry p re tt y a n d th e n u m ber o f
.
,
suburb a n resid e nce s w i l l be m uc h i ncr e a sed as soon a s the Boca a nd

E nsen a da R a il w a y be p rolo nged t h is fa r The q uint a s of Bilb a o Montes de .
,
Oca C a rm a n and othe r fa m ilies fro m the cit y a re er y n ea t and ele gant
, ,
v .
The p o p ul a t ion n u m bers abo ut s o uls a nd t he re are thirt y si x ratea bl e ,

-
h ouse s th e be st be ing those of A m o e do Ar riola Ba ra nda Cost a C asa re s

, , , , , ,
Joh n Cla rk Go ns a lez Ha s p e ru L e i don M a rt inez Rod rig uez R om a go sa

, , ,
-
, , , ,
a n d sanchez va l ue d f ro m up w a rds The t o w n boa sts a fine ch u rc h ‘
.
,
a n d sta te s choo l a nd eleve n good s h O p s : a m n the la t ter a re those of

o g
-
,
'
Go nsa l ez Bros L a bo urt G a rc i a Son y t h itur ra ld e and Ma rtin Pui There

,
.
, , , ,
fl '
a re t w o ho t e ls t h o s e of Ma n uel Jova l a nd Ed it both in the pl a za

, R i so , ,
b esides se ve ral billi a rd roo m s The re a re t w o b a ke ries be l ongi n g t o

-
.
,
Berna rd L e rdo n a n d Ra m ond Ra y m un do Th e re a re three black s m iths t w o .

,
of w ho m are i n Cal l e Co m ercio a nd the thi rd Do n Die go Asp e r u li ve s , , ,
n ea r the plaz a D r Wil de ha s a good m e dic a l p rac t ice a nd the apothec a ry

. .
,
is Se nio r l l a t ie nz o w h o li ves in Ca l l e M u nicipa l There i s a h ai r dre sse r s

.
, .
-
’
shop in the pl a z a In l in e w eather th re e diligenc es p l y to a nd f ro m t he

.
c ity viz : those o f J oval Rise a n d Co rdoba ; but in w e t se a sons a l l co m m a

, , ,
~
n ica t io n is sus p ended o w ing to the d re a dful state of the roa d s Th e

, .
coa ches fro m to w n m a y be t a k en e i the r a t t he Calle Poto si o r a t t h e ,
c o nfection a ry in Sout h Ba rrac a s Fr o m Qu il m es to t he co a st there is a ro a d .
c alled Ca ll e Mun icipal and pa ssen gers for L as L o m a s w i l l find a b ridge o ve r

,
the A rro y o de Gae te nea r the Atal a y a A n e w ce m e t e ry ha s been l a id out .
n e ar the far m of D o na Isa be l de E scoba r The t ra d e o t Q uil m cs is ver y .

’
li m ited o w ing to the bad state o f t he roads a nd there is little open in g fo r

, ,
a n e w co m er either as « ch a cre ro
-
, o r in a ny othe r oc cupation A m ong th e » .
forei gn s e t tl ers no t al re a d y m ention ed a re Wh e at l y Westhoven Graha m

,
, , ,
R oche Bern ard a n d so m e o the rs The sta te schools are a tt e nde d bv ti tt y

, , .
-
bo y s a nd seve n ty one girl s : -

46 TH E S O U TH C O A ST m ur m os .
T his partido extends alo n g the co a st for m ore than six l e a gues fro m the .
»
b or ders o f Quil m es t o those o f Ma g dalena a nd its de p th inland i s abou t ,
e ig h t leagues t il l rea ching the partido of Sa n Vi cente The land along t he .
'
coast is m ostl y l o w a n d m a rsh y but the d istrict is i n gener a l co n sidered w e l l ,
ada pted for sheep It is w atered by the A rro y os Sa uce Pescado Sa nti a go
.
, , ,
Gato R odriguez Palo m as and Pe re y r a T he bo un da ries a re N E t he

, , ,
. .
R i ver Pla te N W Quil m es S W Sa n Vic e nte a n d S E Ma gda l e na Som e

,
.
,
. .
,
. . .
of the best est a nci a s belon g to fo re i gne rs a n d the p a rti do is so thickl y ,
settle d t hat the re is n o roo m for n e w co m e rs -

.
O ne of the fi nest establ ish m ents in So uth A m erica is the Ol de ndorff

e stancia a n d th is clai m s a le ng thened n otice i n our p a ges The E st a nci a
,
. .
Santa Mari a w a s e st a blishe d by E rnes t Ol de n do rff in t h e aca r 1 8 6 ! It is

'
a bout one league f ro m the D o nse l a a r rai l w a y station and ele ven le a gue s ,
fro m to w n The estancia is fenced in w i th w i re on all si des a nd c ontain s

.
,
t w o squa re le a gues of p ri m e pas t ure land Th e C hasc o m u s ro a d b ise ct s -

.
the estancia The e stancia house is situated abo ut the cen tre of the land
.
,
a nd h a s a fine carri a ge roa d ne a rl y three quarters o f a l ea gue long leadin g

-
,
-
,
f ro m the ent rance gate The a p proa ch to th e house re m inds one of a w el t

-
.
'
l aid o ut E n glish far m

-
Passi ng the fi rst p uesto i m m ense fields o f w hea t
.
, .
'
a n d barle y st ret ch out as far as th e e y e can see t h e n co m e alfa lfa field s , ,
a nd a s w e near the house w e hea r the h um of the p ow e rfut ,
threshing m ach ine hard a t w ork in the vici n ity of so m e large stac k s of
-
,
w heat Furthe r on a ch a ff cutting m a chine p re p dring fodder for the cattle ;

.
-
,
c lose to a ne a t brick granar y w here the peon s deposit the w h eat F loc k s
, , .
in corra l s on all si de s cared by Ger m an shepherds a nd l ong fou r w heele d

, ,
-
fa rm w a ggons pa ssing to a nd fro

-
.
There are six flocks k ept a t the estan ci a— F irst flock bree ding e w es
'
, ,
th oroughbred Ne gre t tis ; se con d flock b reed ing e w es thorou ghbre d , ,
Ne gr e t t is y earling s ; third fl ock breeding e w es th orou gh bred ra m flock

, , ,
fourth fl ock b ree ding e w es Ne gre t t is ; Ra m bouillets A No I fi fth fl ock

, , , .
,
b re ed ing e w es Ne gre t tis R a m bouille ts A No 2 ; sixth flock breed in g

, , ,
.
,
e w es Negretti Ra m boui l let ra m s

,
- .
E ach flock h as its sheph erd and dog and is let o ut into the ca m p every ,
da y. All the shephe rds on the e stancia c a re th e fl o cks on foot In one o f

. .
t h e ga l p ous a re sho w n the three stud Ra m bouillet ra m s i m port e d by Mr .
O l de n dorff ; the y are of i m m ense size ; their flee ces aver a ge 2 1 93 e a ch

. In .
a nother galpon t h e stud Negretti s t w ent y in n u m ber fl ee ce s from t w ent y , ,
o n e to t w e n t y five poun ds ea ch Th ere a re fou rteen sheep puestos on the

-
.
e stanc ia The flo c ks are so m e of th e evenest a n d be st in th e Plate and th e ,
fl ee c e s aver a ge e ig h t po un ds in t he gr e ase ; w hat m ost attracts notice is

a s sum ux . 1 47
th e utte r ab sence o f scab T his proves th e truth of Mr Ol de ndorff s a sset ti o n

. .
’
that s cab i n sheep o w e s it s e xisten ce to sh eer neglect .
The h istor y of th i s s p len did sheep far m is pos sibl y the ver y b est proo f
-
that w ool g ro w ing in t he R i ver Plate unde r prope r m an e m e n t is s till a

-
,
i
n'
,
good pa y ing busine ss Mr Ol de udo rff w h o is a Ger m an far m er by p rofe s

. .
,
sion h a ving taken out his diplo m a in th e Agr i cultura l State College in
,
Wurte m burg a nd h aving subs equentl y m a n a ged so m e of t he largest far m s

,
and stoc k b reeding estab l i sh m ents in S outh G er m a ny founded his place h er e

-
,
o h the st r '
icte s t a n d m ost ap p roved Ger m an a gricultura l pr in ciples He .
b e gan by i m p orting fi ve Negretti e w es a n d his stud ra m s subsequentl y h e

i m ported e ig h ty m ore Neg retti e w es and the ir progen y is s een in the ,
var ious c la ssified flo cks w hi ch are ca red a t the estancia Nothin g that .
sc ience ca n a f ford that experience ca n su p pl y i s w a n tin g on this m odel

, ,
far m .Mr Ol de n dorff s w ool last y ea r att ra cted such a ttention in Ant w erp
.
’
t h a t it w a s m a rked a s exce p tional a nd could not be class ified The m e th od

,
.
a dopted by Mr Ol de n dorff in h is books is e x cl usive l v G er m an — each ani m a l

.
is classified the entri es m ade can be read onl y by the prop rietor w ho hold s
, ,
the G er m an k e y pe rhaps the on l v o ne in South A m eric a

, In 1 8 6 7 Mr .
,
Ol de udo rff g a ve h is first ra m a uction ; the resul t asto n ished all the ram
bree ders in the Plate so m e o f the pure tho rou g hbre ds fetching a s high as
,
and a vera gin g al l roun d per head the highest e ve r ,
obtained in Buen os A y re s Al l th e y oun g ra m s w hich Mr ()l de udorff

. .
disliked offe rin g a t a uction .he s old on th e esta n cia at pri vate sale Seven .
of the flocks at the puesto s are b red w ith pure thoroughbre ds ; the la m bs a re
t a ken f ro m the m others a t fou r a n d a h a lf m onth s a n d th e y oun g ra m s are
-
,
kep t a pa rt u n ti l t w o and a half y e a rs ol d Th e w ool is baled on the est a nc ia ;

-
.
and cl ose to one of the ga l p ons is the dippi ng a p p a ra tus m a de of bri ck a n d ,
Ro m a n c e m ent ix y a rds l on g fi ve feet w id e a nd fl y e fee t deep ; h ere

,
s
, ,
eight m e n ca n w ith ea se dip 1 8 0 0 shee p per da v .
Looking south fro m the e sta n c ia house w e se e the a rtificial l a ke fo r the

-
,
w a shing of the fl ocks ; here the flock is m ade to s w i m through kept out all ,
night and n e xt day dri ve n o ve n a p l an k ro a d that ru n s through the l ak e

, ,
w h ere the m e n st a nd o n either side an d w a sh th e sheep Nine m e n ca n w a h . s
about sheep p e r da y The flock s co m e ho m e in the e vening Ge rm a n

. .
—
fashion shepherd w ith his sta ff a nd dog fi rst But if the the shee p bree d
, ,
.
-
in g sy ste m carried o n a t the establi sh m ent att ra cts n otice w ha t sha ll w e ,
s a y of the ti l lage depa rt m ent ? Who in Buenos A y re s k n o w s that hut a fe w

'
ho urs gallop fro m to w n ther e i s a Ger man estanc ia w here h irt y p l ough i
’
a re k e pt constantl y going six t y horses e v er in harness tilli n g the so il a nd

'
, ,
v a s t fields o f w l z ea t cout a n i ng 3 2 0 a cre s in one tract ? The he ad far m

'
1 18 TH E s o ur n c o a sr m a r ine s .
c onta ins six fi elds of fort y square s each ; th e se cond far m nine fields :
t w ent y o n e squares ea ch O n each far m there is a regular rotati on of crops
-
.
,
thus the w he at crop on the he ad far m is a m onth in advance of th a t o f the

second far m The principal crops a re w hea t b arle y r y e a n d Irish h orse
.
, , ,
beans The second far m is all under w heat O n th e head far m there are
. .
three field s 1 2 0 5 q ua re s 4 8 0 acres under w heat All t h e w ork on th e p l ac e

.
,
.
is don e w i th the best i m pl e m ents a n d m a c h iner y the Belgia n plough h a s

given great satisfact ion There are fifteen at w ork on th e far m s ; the y are
.
v er y chea p costin g $ 1 9 0 Il l b in Ger m an y and light to w ork

, / ,
.
The thrashin g m ac hine w i th shaft is w orked by three horses A s regards

, ,
.
t h e w h e at g ro w ing bu siness w e h ave obtained the follo w i n g s tatistics :

-
“ ,
A vera ge crop o f one sq uare 2 0 fane ga s cost to raise an d deli ver in Buenos
,
A y re s 85 2 p e r fa nega o r
, ,
per sq u are ; this includes ever y charge .
A ver a ge p rice of w heat 82 0 0 per fa n e ga t ha t is ,

per s quare close on , ,
’
3 0 0 per ce n t .
The cra p on t he esta n cia last y ea r on thi r ty eigh t squa res a m ounted to ,
-
,
fa negas sold fro m $ 2 5 0 t o

,
p er fan e ga This y e ar s avera ge .
’
c rop is e sti m ate d a t fa n e g as l l e side s t he pric e rea l ised for the w hea t
.
t he stra w is used for feedin g catt l e s heep an d ho rses The g ro un d is , ,

.
p l o ugh e d u p in s p ri n g to l e t th e su m m er sun act o n
la nd i s again p loughed in April then sub so iled t hen h a rro w ed b x Scotc h

the n e
,
w earth The
,
"
.
i ron har ro w s th e n ro lled a nd the cro p s so w n in w intcr The so w in g is

, ,
.
done by a b roa d c a ste r w o rked by o ne h orse and t w o m e n each fin is h ing

, ,
t e n squares p e r da y T he w h ea t i s covered by a m a e h ine grubbe r ; t w o

,
-
ho rses a n d a m a n for ab ou t o n e a nd a h a lf square s p e r da y g

T he reaping is - .
do ne by Co llin s re a ping m achines ’

Th ere are nine of the s e m a ch ines on the
.
p l a e the rea b t t squa es e ch e da v The cra s a re ca rt e d ho m e

c :
y p a o u w o r a p r p .
in l a rge fa rm w a ggon s b ro u ght f ro m Ger m a ny ; there a re se ven on the

,
"
e s tan cia . h e w h eat is t hen m ade into stacks c l ose to the gra nary w hic h ,
a neat buildi n g w ith boarde d floors and the w a lls lined w i th zin c ; but
'
, ,
the gran a r y is n o w too s m all a n d in t h e g a lpon n ow b uil ding n ine ty by

, ,
s e ventee n the re w ill b e a loft able to hold

, faneg a s of w he a t The .
t h re sing m achine cleans a bout seve nt y five b ush els p e r da y

-
The chaff is -
.
cu t by m a chine ry for fodder The beans ba rle y and ry e are fo r t h e u e

.
, , ,
s
o f the far m
. and t he w hea t is sent by rail in sa cks ; the re are no buy e rs i n
,
.
the c a m p Mos t o f the seed w hea t is f ro m Ge rm an y ; it is stee ped in blue

.
s tone the night before so w ing to avoid polill a half pound to the b ush el ,
.
The advanta ges accrui n g fro m fencing are n o longer questionable an d ,
a l though the ex pense i s serious the gains are m or e than co m m ensurate

, .
T h e Ol de ndorff far m con tains t w o square le a gues of lan d, upo n w hich t h e re

t 50 TH E S O U TH c o a sr rx nr m o s
'
.
th e esta ncia h ouse a re the carpenters sh op the m achine depot the fi re

-
’
, ,
e ng in e roo m the stables for thirt y plo ug h h orses ; then c o m es a large

,
-
galpon eig h ty by eigh teen one e nd of w hi ch is c ut o ff for the stables for

, ,
th e thorough breds .
Next to t his is t he shearing gal pon used for the N egretti e w es sixty by , ,
s ixte en and opposite this is the great n e w galpon seven ty by t w ent y t w o ,

-
,
w ith a lof t capable of sto ring fa ne ga s w h ca t the underne ath part ,

.
for rea ring r a m s Nex t is the gran a ry w hich is n ow too s m all for the
.
e stablish m en t ; the n t h e Ge rm a n she p h e rd s h ouse and las t t h e m a iordom o s ’
,
’
co t tage a nea t li t tle b ui l ding To the right of the estancia o ther stables
,
.
fo r thi rt y plou gh horses a p a rt m ents fo r the agricultura l labo rers la rge

, ,
«
p ile t a fo»r w a t e ring t h e g rea t ki tc hen g a rden w he re e v er y spe c ies of ,
vege table fo r t he use of the p e ons and m a ster is reared In fi n e it w oul d .

,
be hard to find in the R i ver Plate so e xtens ive w el l m a naged a nd ord e rl y , ,
a n e stablish m ent At su n do w n the p lough m en m ounted o n the p lough

.
,
h ors es for m a so rt of cavalcade a nd w i th the noise of t h e ba r: ass a n d

, ,
chains a ppe a r to the s t ra n ge r a s a co m pa n y of ar tiller y

,
.
W e p ass to the r e fe ct o ry of the p e on s cl ean tab l es dish es a n d hands -

, ,
e ve ry t hin g in the m os t m a tchless o rde r The ho rses a re stable d th e m e n .

,
w a sh thei r h a nds a nd a l l repai r to their e v eni ng m e al

,
O rd e r reig n s .
sup re m e l a the even i ng t he various « cap a tazes » co m e to the h e ad h ou se

.
, ,
r e p o rt the w o rk of t h e da y t h e nu m b e r of h orses m e n a n d i m p le m ents

, ,
‘
,
e m plo y ed and re c e iv e i ns t ructions fo r t h e m or ro w

,
P re si de nt Sa rm iento . .
in a recen t v is it to the p lace e x p ressed hi m se l f e qu a ll y p lease d a nd

,
a stonished at e ver yth ing tha t he sa w [ t h a s b e en su g ges t ed to il l ] tha t

. .
it m ight be m ade a fi rst class m ode l fa rm fo r the R p ublic

-
e
.
Alo ng th e co a st lin e w e m e e t w i t h t he la rg e est a n cia s of Be l l I raola an d

-
, ,
H ue rta s Near the Punta La ra a l o w p ro m on t o ry w hi ch st re t ches o u t

.
,
ea st w a rd , a nd is a l m ost bare of veget a tio n is the e st a ncia of Mr Bell the ,

.
house is tile roo fed a nd an tiq ue ap p a ren tl y onl y a fe w fe e t abo ve the le ve l

-
,
o f t he ri ver y e t n e ve r inunda te d even in the h ighe st t ide s The sub m a rin e

,
.
c a ble is l a id f ro m Pun ta L ara to Col o n ia an d t h e overland tele g ra ph w i res ,
pass th rough Be ll s la nds e n ro ut e fo r the ci ty No t fa r off is t h e Esta n e ia

’
.
I raola a la rge w h ite bui l ding w i th so m e hi gh gro und or lo m as running

, .
a l m o s t pa ral l el T he coun t r y l ook s b l eak and thinly set tled but has fine
.
,
pastures a nd he rds of horne d ca t tle D on Me l cho r Pi11 e ro s pro p erty i s o n

, .
’
’
t h e b anks of the S a nb o ro m bo n a n d the o w ner ex p ended

,
a l a rge s um i n
bui l ding a g ra nd re si dence w hich is n o w fa lling to de ca y South o f Point .
San t ia go w e fin d the estan c ia s of Ara n a Vi dela a n d l a y l o r interse cted by

' ‘
, , ,
th e Arro y o de l Sauce ; a n d fur ther w est a re the l and s o f Cooper R u m m ell , ,

s
Ba e a s o n . 151
a nd Chaves The estanc ia of Ponce de Leon is on th e Arroy o de l G ato

.
.
The peninsula or p ro m on to ry of Point San tia go i s fa m ous fo r prod ucin g

e xcellent peaches The land in this partido is uni for m l y valued at
.
per squa re league Total valuation Sl 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 against in

‘
.
, , ,
1 8 62 C on t ribucion tax 86 0 0 0 0 Stock ret urns— 48 53 0 co w s 2 8 4 4 1

'
. .
, , , ,
h orses 3 48 7 fine shee p 8 9 9 2 6 0 m estiz a sh eep 3 0 5 6 creole sheep being

, , , , , ,
a n a ve ra ge o f co w s 6 0 0 horses and sheep per square league , ,

.
Popula tio n Argentines English 1 9 4 F rench 1 2 5 Italia ns , , , ,
S pani a rds Ger m ans t 2 vario us t otal The l rish co n gregation °
.
, ,
n u m be rs about 50 0 a n d is under the ch arge of Re v ,

Mr Mul l a dy w hose . .
,
d ist rict also incl udes M a gdalena There are in he partido 7 8 houses an d .
8 2 8 ranch os inc ludi ng 2 7 p ul p e ria s

, There a re 4 a l caldes teniente s .
,
.
1 2 police and 3 7 1 National Guards

,
A g ri culture i s ra ther back w ard there .
,
b eing onl y 9 5 s m all cha cra <

Th e ca m ps of this partido a re thickl y settled w ith E nglish I rish an d , ,
G er m an sh e e p fa rm e rs .
E nsenada de Barragan a s the p o t is cal l ed w a s used bv the earl y , ,
S paniards and e ven u p to fift y y ears a go as the po rt of B uenos A y res

, It ,
.
affords safe anchor a ge for ve ssels but the great difiic nl t v i s the bar at the ,
e ntra nce Never theless in recent r ears w e have seen vessels of a

.
,
t on s c o m e in here to t ake con sign m e n t s o f ho rses fo r the Ea st l a dies and

,
o ther places It isth e o nl y n at ural p ort th at the P ro vince of Buenos Ay res

.
c a n boast o f and the depth of w ate r varies fro m 1 8 to 2 4 f e et Mr

,
”
. .
Whe e l w right designs th e old battery o f the Sp a niards as the s ite for his
ra il w a y ter m i nus A ch u rch and st a te s chool are be ing constructe d i n th e
.
vici nit y At presen t E nsena da is onl y used a t rare inter vals a s a q ua ra n t ine
.
,
g ro und for vessels M r Wheel w ri ght s proj ect i.s to m a ke a por t.h ere ’
,
w ith w harves w arehouses & c con necting the sa m e by rail w a y w ith the
, ,
.
,
cit y So fa r back a s
. th is p roject occurred to t h e e m inent st a tes m an
Ri vada via w ho co m m issioned Mr Ja m es Be vans
,
to report on the ,
su bje ct w h ich he did as fol l o w s —

,
« T he difficu l ties o f t h e
,
pr esent h a rbor
o f Ens e nad a are s e veral : in th e fi rst pla ce t he b ar w hich i s across the ,
e n tr a n ce m akes it n ec essar y for large sh ips to t a ke advanta ge o f hi gh tide

,
to ge t in or out and it so h a p p ens t hat a w ind w hich is favorable to the

,
e nt rance of a ship into t his h a i bo r i s a w ind w hich pr oduces l ow w ater ,
a nd a w i nd w hich is fa vorable fo r a s hi p to sai l out of the river is co ntrar y

to its leaving the ha rbo r This harbo r is one m a de by na t u re a nd i s ,
calc ula ted to hold a s gre a t a n um ber of a s la rg e shi ps a s can na vi g ate the .
R ive r Plate My op : nion is that by st e p p in g up a l l the channels a cross the

.
M on t e Sa ntia go the effect w ill be to e nable ships to e nt e l or depart w it h

,
1 52 TH E S O U TH c oa sr PAR T ID O S .
a ny ind a n d to w a sh a w a y th e presen t bar acro ss t he e nt ra n ce ; m y

w , ,
r easons are as follo w : a w ind w hich o ccas ions a l o w tide blo w s dire ct l y into
th e m outh of the ha rbor and tends to p re vent the strea m of the tid e fro m
,
‘ '
r u nn ing out of the sa m e T he consequen ce 1 s that the tide fi n ds its w a y

'
out of the harbo r through th e various c hannels a cro ss the M onte San ti a go ,
k eeping the w ater w i th ver y l it tle m otio n over th e bar a nd on t he ,
c ontrar y the w ind w hi ch o cca sions a high tide blo w s directl y on t h e m outh
,
o f t h e h a rbor a n d thereb
y check ing the current of th e tide f ro m runnin g
,
o ve r t he ba r The t ide therefo re finds its w a y in by th e channel s a cros s

.
, ,
'
the Monte Now by stopping u p all the co m m unic a t ion s across the Monte
,
, ,
a l l the curren t of the tide a n d l a nd w ate r w il l be obl iged to r un over the
bar the i ncreased a ctivi ty of w hich w ill considerabl y reduce the ba r » Mr

, . .
’
W heel w right s re m a rks on th e subj e ct are no less i nteresting p ort
of E nsenada is thir ty six m iles f ro m Buenos A y res ; the o uter an chorage fo r
-
l arge shi p s 1 8 p rotect ed f ro m the south east and all dangero us w inds w hile -
,
the in n er h a rbor has a ba r w h i ch sh ips of l 4 or e ven 1 5 feet at ful l tides m a y

p ass w hil e it is s usce p t ible of being cons i derabl y in cre a se d i n depth by
,
d redging Within it for m s a pe rfe ct basin w hich by t he sa m e m ea n s m a y

.
, ,
be m ade to a cco m m o da te a vessels and eventuall y those of t h e l a rge st ,
s ize p erfe c tl y prote c t ed fro m the w in d s a n d sea s The present dee p

,
.
w ater a cco m m odatio n is a m ple fo r the const ruction of several m iles of piers
w h i ch ships m ay be able to approach w ith as muc h facilit y and securit y a s in

thb m ost favored port of E urope and w hen the r a ilroad is c ons tru c ted t h e
-
tra i n s w il l pass alo n g these p iers be placed i n i m m edia te contac t w ith the ,
ships a n d discharge a n d l o a d direct to a nd fro m the cars The Spa n ish

, .
s ur ve y s p f E nse n ada gi ve a v er
y clear idea of the port a n d the se surve y s ,
have m o re recentl y been confi rm ed by Messrs Antonio Segui .

,
a nd Colonel Murature co m m issioned by Govern m en t to surve y that p ort

, ,
a n d w hose re p ort bears a m p l e test i m o n y of t h e v a lue and i m portan ce of
E nse n a da as the n a tural port of Buen os A y res and a s c a p able of noce m m o ,
dating a l l its foreign co m m erc e W e have a lso the o fficial proceedin g s of

HE Se nor R ivadavia w ho during h is a d m inist ration or de red a sur ve y t o
.
, , ,
b e m a de b y a disting u i shed h y drau l ic e n gin ee r w h o ca m e fro m Engla nd by ,
h is ex p res s order to su rve y E n s e n a da a nd w hose re p ort re co m m ended a ,
c anal to b e cut to con ne c t it W i th the c ity : certa i nl y no hi gher te sti m ony

,
can be needed In 1 8 8 3 I i ns tructed John Co ghlan Esq to surve y

.
, , ,
E nsen a d a a n d his re po rt full y s ust a ins the fo regoi ng te s ti m on y in 1 8 2 2

,
.
I ha d the good fortune to v is it Ensenada o n t w o o cca sion s once in a shi p ,
w i th a d raught of M fee t of w a t e r a n d l m a de up m y m ind at t ha t ti m e that ,
it w a s to be c o m e t h e por t of Buenos A y re s Afte r th e l a pse of fort y one .

-
T HE S O U TH C O A ST P AR T I D O S .
The follo w ing are the principal estancias

Na m e . S . Le a gu e s Na m e .
Pi nero fa m il y , ,
20 O jea ,
C Ferna n dez
.
,
3 Maldonado ,
Migue n s fa m il y .
,
5 Ech e t o ,
Mon t e s de Oca fa m il y , ,
3 F igue roa ,
Reb e l fa m il v , 14 Suare z ,
M ulch e n , I} Mo rales ,
Villarin o , 1 3; S F ink
.
,
C aj a ra vil l e ,
1 E l iz a be ,
R a m os fa m il y , ,
Entierres ,
B ue n e , 1 } Pre ciado ,
Molina fa m il v , 1 E scribano ,
Al m i ro n , }
7 Cha v e s ,
A cevedo , i t
Can al fa m il y , ,
S a m pa y o } R Ne w ton
‘
4
, ; ,
Vasquez ,
g Salas ,
S a nchez ,
Ma chad e fa m il v ,
Velaz co ,
Martinez ,
Be l l e ,
C epeda ,
Alonzo Sa l o m on
“
, ,
Vel a sq uez i
i
l
Villalba
, ,
Maciel 1 R Si m on s
“
.
, ,
Ro m ero fa m il y ,
7 H Tho m pson ,
.
,
Mo uj a n , 1g Sra Ba vie .
,
J S F e rnand e z
. . 4 G Car m a ns .
,
O t a m endi 1k F A c haval
‘
.
, ,
L e p ez fa m ily , 35 ; V Al ba ,
.
,
M O c a m pos
. l P H a m ilton
, .
,
l ll e sca s fa m il y , 3 Be l Tne , ,
G om e z fa m il y ,
J Ma l ce m ,
.
,
Arz e fa m il v ,
Pl e w es ,
A gu ilera ,
L a rr e dia
Villega s fa m i!y , ,
The Pi nero es tan cias lie a l ong t he coas t f ro m Point L as Pie d ras to th e '
m out h of th e Sa nbo ro m bon fo rm ing w h a t is e a l l e d th e Rin con de Nua rio a nd

'
, ,
t a king in the « m on tes » of L u is Ch ico Vel o z a nd Gutierrez A n othe r la rge .

,
.
p ro p e rt y is tha t e f D e n Si sto Fernandez a l so on the sea b e ard s it goes by ,

-
th e na m e o f Es p i ri t uSa ute and is tra versed by a n arroyo called Ca na don ,
G rande Se n t h of Poin t Indi e are the es ta ncias of Je h n Ma l com , R F e rn an de z

. .
M A GDALE N A . I5 5
and Escriba ne : that o f Ha m ilton is m ore i nland and the Ch aves e sta t es a re ,
in the vi cinity of Todos los Sa nt os an a fil ue n t o f the Sa nborom bon The ,

.
la n d s of Ne w t e n R e be l and Achav a l a re w at ered by the Ca nada L arga :

, ,
w hile those of Mouj a n Ro m ero l llescas Caj ara v il l e and Montes de Oca
, , , , ,
l ie nearer the co a st The Arro y o Dul ce t ravers e s the lands of Martine z

.
,
V elazco Migne e s and L op e z the \ rre yo de l Puesto tra verses th e O ta m endi

, ,
-
e stanci a ; both t hes e fall in to the Sa n borom bon The ca m p s o f Magdalen a .
a re in g eneral l o w but w e ll sui ted for shee p and the p rices realized for
, ,
w oo l a re higher th an in a n y other p ar t ido T he land is valued a t .
p er sq uare le a gue ; total valuation a gains t in

1 86 2 . Re nts are hi gh a n d land diliicuit to be obt a ine d b ut it i s a favorite
, ,
dis trict o f sheep far m ing and the En gl ish and I ri h po p ulation e x ce e dS
-
. s
The I rish Catholics are v isited by the Re v Mr Mul l a dy C om m u . . .
n icat io n w it h Buenos A r res kept u

p b v the Southern Rail w a y a diligenc e ,
pl y ing regul arl y bet ween Magdalena and F errari Station a distance of .
,
thirtee n le a gues .
The retu rn s of stock are co w s 9 i 8 0 0 horses m estiza , , ,
shee p ,
creole sheep a nd s w ine being a n a ve ra ge of 7 0 0 c o w s , ,
8 0 0 h orses a nd shee p per square league Po p ulation

“
.
,
Argentines l 48 3 S p aniar ds 7 28 English 1 9 7 Ge r m ans 3 3 4 F rench 2 42

, , , , , ,
I talians : t ot a l There a re 40 houses and 6 3 3 ranchos includin g 7 3 ,
p pul e ria s There are 6 alc al des

. ten ientes I2 poli ce m en and , ,
Na t ion a l G uards Agric ult ure is in its in fanc y the re being onl y 3 6 cha c ras
.
, ,
coverin g altogethe r a bo ut a cres o f till a ge : the obstacle to a gri culture

i s the w ant of proper roa ds or conve v a n ce for pro duce .
The village of Magdale na con sists of thir t i ni ne h ouses s ix sh ops a -

, ,
ch urch sta t e school inn bri c k k i ln and se ver a l ranch e s w i th a p o p ulation

- -
, , , , ,
of so u l s The best house a re t hose o f Arreaga G ondra F e j e iro

. s , , ,
Mi ra nda 0 65 a nd ibre ga v a lued fro m

,
.
’
, up w ards The s tate
.
,
.
sch ool is atten de d by t h irt v bo y s and si s h three gi rl s The vill a ge is distant -

.
a leag ue fro m Poin t M ala y a on the sea b e ar d ; it is situate on a la goon .

-
w hi ch e m pties it s w ate rs h r th e Ar ro y o de M a l a y a Mag da lena figure s .
a m ong the s m aller po rt s for coastin g tr a ffic : the a nn ual p e rt retu rns show
a total of 90 vessels w ith an a gre ga ge tonn a g e e f 2 2 90 t on s
, ,
‘
The fo rm a tion o f the n e w pa rti do of Rivadavia w ill deprive Mag dalena o f

on e hal f its territo ry r e ducin g it to a coa st line of six and a half le a gue s by
-
,
-
ten a nd a h a l f l e a gne s in depth to the Sa nb oro m bon rive r Magdalen a is .
dis tant fi ve leagues N W of Point Indi e eight N of t h e Sa nboro m bon .

,
.
,
six t e e i E of Sa n Vicen t e and eight and a half S E o f E ns e na da

.
,
. . .
1 50 T HE S O U TH coa sr PAR T ID O S .
Justice of Pe ace D e n Jos e Maria Migue n s ; C urate Re v A n gelo G aribaldi ;

, ,
.
Post m as ter D on J Y ba rrzi S ta nda y l a gent Mr Richard Sim ons ; Munici

,
.
,
r
,
.
p a l it y fou r m e m bers ; Muni cipal re venue $ 1 50 0 0 0 ; Con t ribu cion tax

, , , ,
R iva da via .
Th is is a n e w p artido rece ntl y for m ed in the R in ce n de N ua rio bet w een ,
the s o uthern distri cts of Ma gdalen a a n d the River Sa nborom b on c overing a ,
e s of abou t sixt y sq ua re le a gues

s np e rl ic i It c o m m enc es at the Migu e ns .
e s t a n cia a l ittl e no rth of Point Indie a nd follo w s the coast do w n to the

, ,
m outh of the Sa nbo ro m bon l t co m p rehen ds the estan ci a s of S isto

.
Fe r n a n dez M a lc o m and E s criba no and the vast t e rritor y of the Pi ner e s

, .
,
.
T he l a nd s of C ha v e s O ta m e n di H a m i lt on Tho m p so n Mol in a a n d e thers

‘
, , , , , ,
a re a l so i ncl u de d i n this n e w d e m a rc a tion There a re no re t ur 5 of stock .

‘
1 ,
po p ul a tio n &c a ll thes e being i ncluded in the p a rtido o f M a gd a le na Th e

,
.
,
.
p a rtido t a kes its na m e f ro m the e m i nent states m a n Be rn a rdiu o Ri va d avia

(A D . w h o int roduced a l m ost e ver
y m e a sure of p rogres s a n d
im p rov un e nt that B u e nos A y r e s ca n bo a st o f : he died in exi l e a t Ca diz , ,
b ut his re m a ins w e re after w a r ds tr e a te d w ith e x t ra ordinar y h on o rs a n d are

n e w lo dg e d un de r a s p l en did m au soleu m at t he R e ti re C e m e t e i v .
The n e w p ar tido is bounded on the N W a n d W by Ma gdalen a on t he S . .

,
.
h y the Sa nborom bo n a nd on th e E a nd PL E b y the River Pl a te

,
. here 1 5 . .
n o to w n o r cent re of population T he Ri n con de N ua ri o is .
o f Magda l e na a n d a bout th e s a m e dis tan ce E of Chasco m us

,
. .
Ca ste l l i
Anothe r n e w p a rtido s itu a te on the sea h oa 1 d a bout ? le a gu e s S E o f

,
-
,
.
Buenos A y res w a s hitherto included a s a p a rt ot Tordil l o

,
’
.
T he parti do ha s a coas t lin e o f t e n l e a gues f i o m th e m outh of the R io

Sa l a do t o th e Arro y o las Viv e ra s and it exten ds inl and abo ut t w el ve ,
l e a gues t o t h e b orders of Dolo res : th e a re a is a bout seve nt y square

,
leagues There a re nu m erous l a goo ns so m e of w hic h have excellent fish

.
,
tha t co m e do w n fro m the R io Sal a do by the Enca de na das l akes .

1 58 T 11 13 so u r n
'
C O A ST PAR T ID O S .
n a m e is identified w ith all the m a terial interests of the c ountr y The .
A raza estancia ha s a po p ula tion o f 2 50 sou l s in cluding se veral I ri sh and ,
G er m a n fa m ilies O n this esta ncia w e find t he lago ons of Ca m pa m ento

.
,
Sala da La st 1 a a n d Tron cosa

, ,
.
The Saenz Va l iente est a nci a is at the Ri ncon de L opez bet w een t h e Ri o ,
S alado and the sea b o ard w i th a coast li ne eight leagues in l e n gth

-
, The i c .
'
a re so m e l a rge m ontes c a lled Ri ojanos G 1 ande s and Rio a n os C h i cos ,besi de s

, j
t hat o f Sa n A ntoni o T here a re t w o pa sses a cros s the Rio Sala do co m m u
.
,
~
n ica t ing w i t h the Mign on s e s a n c ia s in the partido of Bie dm a ; th e y a re
c a lled La s Piedras a n d El R ubio l i burc ie the l a t ter abo u t four leagues u p ,
fro m the m e tith of the Sa l a do .
D 0 11 Martin A l z a ga h a s a l a rge est a te a t L a Post rera 0 11 the Rio Sa lado ,
the estancia h ous e is a fine buildi ng surrounded w i th a natu ra l plantation ,
of tala trees Th e l a nds are w a shed by th e Sa l ad o f0 1 fou r lea g ue s an d

.
t he re a re fo ur p a sses a cro ss the 1 ive r v iz : Po st re 1 a Co n

'
ch as Villa r a nd , .
, , ,
C allejon it is p 1 o p ose d to p ut a brid ge ove r the river w hi ch w ill be a

.
l
,
reat in to a ll the di t 1 ic ts l y ing sou th w a rd 1 11 the far so uth of thi s

g ga s .
e sta ncia is a l a rge lagoon c

'
alled Lake Al m i ro n .
The p artido of Ca stelli t h o ugh co m p a ratively little kno w n ha s an

, ,
in titu tion th a t oth e r w e a lthie r di t ri c ts c a nnot boa st of na 1ne l y a n orpha n

s s , ,
a s vl um . This is p a rt l y sup p orted by Gov ern m e n t pa rtl y by the loca l ,
re ven ues a nd p a rt h h r the n e igh bors : it w a s founded by D e n Fede ric o

,
Mar tin ez do Hoz t h e p re se n t J usti ce of Peace and is under t he dedicatio n

, ,
of Santa Isa be l : th e re a re 1 8 bo y s and 1 6 girl s w ho are cared a nd ,
e ducated b a m a ste r and his w ife

y .
Tord il l o .
Situate abou t fort y leag ues S E of Bue nos Ay res has an a re a o f fo rt y . .

,
s ix squa re lea gues and co m prises ten estancias

,
The esta nc ias co m p rised .
in Tordillo a re
Na m e . S . L e a gue s . Na m e .
A n chorena ,
R a m irez ,
Sa n Ro m an ,
A rance ,
Mo rete ,
Alday ,
Vall e jo ,
L a ferriere fa m il v ,
Madri d ,
Boer ,
J oseph But l er ,
John Ha rdy ,
W 11 1 Tho m son
.
,
M ich a el Hess ge r ,
'
Peter Crin T ho m as Dav s ,

'
iga n ,
T O RD IL L O I 1 59
Previous to th e n e w de m arca tion of 1 8 6 4 t h is partido had an a re a

of 1 0 0 square leagues co m prehending the territory w hich n e w for m s t h e
,
district of Castelli .
The partido lj es along th e c o a st in a S E di re ction for a d ist an c e o f si x ,

. .
,
leag ue s fro m the Arro y o de Vivo ras to the Ca na da de Aj o a l l w hic h

, .
territor y belongs to Don To m as Anchorena Going inl a nd w e fi nd a b out fiv e .
lea gues fro m the coast th e for est of To rdillo w h ich ext e nds S E fro m t he
'
,
. .
to w n of Dolores for a len gth o f s ix l eagues Most of the An ch oren a

'
. .
p rope rt y is l o w a nd m a rsh y but inland there is a gentle slope run n in g ,
due s outh Th e estancias o f Vallej o Ra m irez a n d )l ore t e are on t h e b ord e rs

.
, ,
o f the Tor dillo w ood : those of Lafe rri ere Madrid a nd Be e r a re a djacent to , ,
the C a na da de Aj o an d nea r its m outh is a s m all holding belon g ing to o ne

,
F ul cos The l a nd i s valued at

.
p e r squa re league The return s .
of valuation stock population , a re accordin g to th e old division of the

, ,
partid os The total la nded va luation i n 1 8 6 5 w a s

. a gains t
in 1 8 6 2 Co nt ribucion . Stoc k returns

co w s,
ho rses fine sh ee p m est i
z a sheep
,
creol e , ,
sheep and ,
s w ine There a re 1 0 houses and 7 2 5 r a nchos includin g
.
,
5 8 p ul p e rias Po p ulation7—1 0 18 Argentines 2 2 Spaniards 1 6 E nglish 2 1

.
, , , ,
Italians 4 Fren ch 3 G e rm ans 2 va rio us 1 Ind ian : to ta l

, ,
The foreig n , ,
settlers have h o w ever m uch increa sed since the a bo ve r eturn s Ther e
, ,
.
a re 6 alc a ld e s 1 2 tenientes 9 police a n d 4 1 0 Natio nal G uards A s v e t

, , ,
.
th ere is n o atte m pt to establish a to w n i n this partido Munic ipal revenu e .
Justice of Peace Don Maria no )Ie n diburo The w estern pa rt o f ,

.
this parti d o is onl y four leagues fro m th e to w n of Dolores So m e l a nd in .
th is partido w a s sol d by auction in th e e a rl y part o f 1 8 0 9 at 111 1;
p e r league .
Situate forty six leagues -

S E . . of Buenos A y res has an area of ,
10 3 squar e
l eagues .
T he partido h as a coa st l ine of 2 0 lea gue s fro m the port of Tu y u rou n d

-
,
C a pe Sa n An ton io t o th e Monte s Gra n de s be y ond t he Sa l a da s l a t e s Th e l a n ds

,
.
h ere ha ve been settled in the l a st fe w y ears and are n e w overstocke d ; ,
several peopl e ha ve m oved off w ith the ir fl ock s for the Sierra Ba ndrix and
other plac es Th e pri ncip a l estanci a is that o f Gibso n B ros w hich goes
. .
,
by the na m e of L e s I n glese s : it l ies be tw een the Arro y o d e Aj o and Sa n

10 0 T H E. S O U TH C O A ST PAR T ID O S .
Cle m en te 0 11 the sea board Th e to w n and port of Tu y u other w is e calle d

-
.
i
,
La valle is on this ground z t h e to w n c onsists of a w ooden church thre e

, ,
’
w ooden houses and five or six p ul p e rias Gibson s estan ci a is often visited .
by stra ngers fro m E ngland : the stock co m pris es over 6 0 0 0 0 sheep a nd the , ,
e sta blish m en t IS conducted m a m ost orderl y m anner The estate has a .
d iver si fied su p e rfi cie s the pa rts nea r the sea b eing l o w and m arsh y w hile
, ,
thos e inland h ave so m e thick m ontes s u ch as Za l a zar Palenque a n d

C isneros : there a re also so m e lagoons ahd besides the Arro y o de Aj o are
, , ,
t h e s m alle r st i e a m s of Sa n Cle m ente a nd F ij é ra s This fine p ropert y covers .
o ve r 5 0 0 0 0 a m es En lish and there IS a good nu m ber o f our countr y m e n

, g ,
he 1 e .
The partido co m pri se s the foll o w in g estan cia s

Na m “ e . S . Le a g ue s . Na m e.
G ibson Bros .
,
8 Co rdoba ,
'
L eloir ,
13 L uq ue ,
Pa r
'
do ,
10 .
W Gil m o ur
.
,
C oh o 18 F ernandez
'
,
,
Campo s, Cab rera , 1.
i nl con , 1 l gl; R odri gu e z

‘
‘
G i rar do , fa m il y , 2 Al varez ,
Puertas , Me n de l .
Diaz fa m il y ,
1 ,
. G eorg e Bell ,
G uz m an ,
1
2 F Bla nco
.
,
E s coba r , S Bello
.
,
‘
S uarez fa m ily , ,
Diaz fa m il v
, ,
S an chez , lg A costa ,
C orosito , 1 George Pal m er ,
I barra , 1 Patrick Moran ,
Quinteros 1
Mr G il m our s estanc ia for m s the Rincon de Aj O bet w een th e c a na da of

.
’
,
the sa m e na m e and t h e p ort of Tuy n It is m uch s m aller than the Gibson .
e sta te b ut also w or th y of a visi t : Mr

,
G il m o ur has a nother prope rt y a t .
C a nad a de Bore j a also in this part ido The Leloir terri tor y lies a long the
, .
oc ean at Cape Sa n A ntonio about seven l eagu es in le n g th by t w o in

, ,
w id th : the sn i fa ce is d ive 1 sifie d by sand h ills called Med anos del Plat a ,
sundr y la goons and ca nadas an d a d nse thicket at the Ri n con de C a 1 n e i o,

e
.
Messrs Leloi 1 have 6 0 0 0 0 sheep

. .
Six l e a gue s inla nd i s the lar ge es tan ci a of the Par do f m il y ; i t is a a
q u ad r an gl e fo ur le agues o n e a ch side ; th e ca m ps a re w ild

, w ood y and , ,
t hinly settled ; south w a rd is a hil l called E spuela V erd e , and the re is 5 1 -

162 TH E SOU T H coa sr PAR T ID O S .
'
I here are th i rt een est a ncia s viz ,
Na m e : 2
i
S . Le a g ue s Na m e.
lil a rtinWAl z a ga 20 Subia urre

’
,
6
.
An chorena , Pena 4 20 ,
Ag uirre , 12 L a stra 6 ,
L el oir ,
‘
12 Trelles Bros , 3 .
Herrera ; .
5 Sigis m undo 2% ,
Serantes 3 Go m ez
‘
, 1 ,
Villegas , at P ubl ic lan ds 2 ,
T hese lands w ere for m erl y included in the depar tm en t of Mousa l vo , a nd

t h e parti do is no t y e t full y organ is e d ; th ere i s n either Justi ce of Pea ce
'
'
,
“
m un ici p a lit y to w n s h ip cu rate s c h oo l s nor church a nd h is ne cessary not
, , , , ,
t o confound this partido w ith the to w n of the sa m e na m e in the district of

Aj o w e ha ve no retu rn s of p opul a tion stock o r o th e r st at ist ics The '
. .
, ,
l a nd is valued at per squ a re league : to tal

C o nt ribucion t a x ,
’
Al z a ga ’
sta ncia of Montes Gra ndes extends south w ard fro m the Sala das
s e
la goons along the sea board a s far as Monte O liva on t he borders of L e l oir s
,
-
’
es tancia The co untry is w ild and thickl y w ooded ; there ar e n um erous

'
’
lagoon s and the c oast line co n sis t s of sand hil ls L e l oir s lands are ba re
,
- -
.
’
a nd d e solate ; the A rro y o C hico flo w s thro ugh the southern part ; w h i ch
,
goes by the na m e of L a Argentina The rest of the coast line i s occupied .

-
by An chore n a s la nds n e ar the L a guna de Gongora ; the Ar ro y o Gallin a s

’
al so w a te rs th is p a rt of the d is trict M e ss rs Ancho ren a ha ve a no th er a n d . .
l a i ge r estancia w es t of Mont e s G ra ndes : it lies bet w ee n Isla ll e don da a nd

L a gun a M ost a z as The e sta ncias of L as t ra Subia urre and Pe na h e
.
, , ,
1 a t w een Mo n ie s G ra n des and t h e bo rders of Mo nsa lvo Mada m e A n cho re n a .
de Agui rre h a s a la rge property at the Tres Lo m as ; Trell es Brothe rs a t L e s

l a t os ; the He rre ra fa m il y at Aves t ruces : a l l these are i n a souther l y
‘
di re c tion near Mar Chiq uita The estancias near Mon tes G randes are fa m e d .
for ra sin g the best creo l e ho rses in t h e co un t ry a nd Don Be nja m i n

i ,
S ubia urre is said to ha ve 50 0 ta m e ho rses o n his lan d Mo ntes G randes .
d e ri ves its na m e fro m t h e t hick forest tha t covers this p a rt of the c o u nt ry .
Ma r Ch iquita .
S itua te a b0 11 t. seve 11 ty - south of B uenos A y res is a no the r l a rge

fi ve l e a gues ,
‘
a nd n e w l v -
se ttled distri ct w ith an a re a o f ab out 1 1 0 squ a re leagues
,
.
s un e n r m r a
‘
o
163
.
T here a re fou rtee nestancias viz

m , .
Na e.
S .
-
L e a g ne s '
K am c
Anch orena
.
Bros 30
.
,
Bern al Bros
And re a An chorena
.
,
, 14 L orenz o Torres
Se nora Aguirr e ,
, 9 Ra m o n Ez e yz a
F Go m ez .
, 7 J ose Ez
,
e vz a
C Barbosa .
, 3 V Ez e y z
-
,
.
a,
Peral ta Ra m os 6
V So sa , 2 .
Se no ra Y ba nez 15 ,
1g G Ba rbosa .
1 ,
The coast line extends fo r m ore than nine
-
t h e p a rt ido goe s in l a nd a n
'
leagues along the Atlanti c and
unifor m d e pth fof t w el ve a '
,
r m a
le gues The m os t .
r
e ark ble featu e is the Mar Chiquita a g o l f w hich has a nar ro
ii
ch e o n t he sea boa rd and stretches inland in a N
r -
w e m bon ,
l ea gues ; its greatest w idth does n ot exceed a l ea gu e d irection f o r about five .
:
ne h ore n a s
' ’
. i
propert y of the L 0 m a de Go ng o ra contains about t ent
s qua re le a gues : it is situate o n the sea coast
w
y four
-
'
about 7 6 leagues fro m Buen os -

,
A yre s 2 6 f om t he p or t of Tuy n and 1 5 fro m the a

,
r
L guna de los P a d r es it ,
is crossed on t he ea stern side by the Arro o Chi co a nd on the

y sout h ern by ,
the Arro y o Grand e w h i ch t w o stre a m s a ft er n u m erou
s w in dings fo r
,
a ,
j u ction a s hort distance before reachin g the Mar

n
m ,
Chiquita The l and i s .
r y f t
gene all la but o w ing to i ts being traversed by so m an a
,
y rro y os it is
v
g
n e e r fio ode d fo r a lo ng ti m e Thi s la rge e st a te belonged for
m any
.
y ears
to Mess s Pl e s Co a n d a po rtion of it is n o w rented to D r
r ew .
.
,
Willi am
Holder w hose m aj ordo m o i s Mr Tho m as R e ddy : a go od
.
,
business i s don e
.
in fatteni n g horned ca ttle for the Buenos A y res m ark et a nd selling

t o the g ra se ria s» o f A o
'
shee p ,
«
j .
Going south w ard w e m eet the l and s of Jos e Ma ria Ez e y z a

w hi ch are ,
t ra versed by th e Arro y o Vi vorat a and fu rther so th al on g the
u se a board i , -
s
the E stan ci a Har m onia belo n ging to Don L orenz o Tor re s :
i n this last
,
m ention e d the a rro y os of Sant a Helen a L os Patos

‘
Seco a n d Los C ne ro ,
,
s ,
fa l l into th e s ea The E st a nci a Vivo ra t a lies N W of the arro o
.
y o f th a t .
n a m e a n d b elongs to Mess rs Be rna l : it h a s se veral l a goons c a lled

,
Es t rell a
.
,
Rodeo gr a n de Bla nquead a a nd Sa n Pasc ual No rth w est o f Sa
-
,
,
n Pa se na l
, . -
is t he il a rge esta te of Se nora An ch o re n a de A gui rre w hic h is bi se cted

bv ,
t he A r ro y o G ra n de a n d h a s a lso a l a goon ca l le d Arbolitos

,
Th e estan c
.
ia o f Ca rrol a nq ne n lies w est w a rd of the last na m ed

a nd
-
belo n gs to Messrs An chore n a w ho have re n te d it out to a .

,
nu m be r of ,
sh e e p fa rm e rs : it t a kes its n a m e fro m a l a goon s o c alled the

w o rd being of ,
Indi an deri va tion The l a goons of Chilca Lo m a Ver de and M

.
oj on a re als o ,
,
on this p re p e i ty and to th e N W w e fi nd the Arro o,

y Chic o Other w is e
.
,
L L2
1 61 T HE S O U TH co s sr PAR T ID O S .
c alled Na p al e ofti w hi ch fl o w s southw ard a nd is final l y lo st in the

,
m ountainous countr y n ear Sie 1 ra de l \ ol ca n Th e fa m il y of A n ch oren a

"
m a y be said to ow n nearl y the w hol e of this pa rtido l he est a n cias of
'
'
.
D o na Andrea A n cho rena at San R o man a n d of Fabian G o m e z at m y e rn a do ,
a dj oin t lie
p a rt ido of Tu y u T he E z e y z a fa m il y have t w o la r
,
. ge est a n ci as
east w ar d extending fr om L ake Hi nojal to the Arroy o Ca m p a m ento ; these

,
lands are tra vers ed hy th e Arroy o Gr and e and h ave als e a l a rge l a goo n ,
.
called El Dur a zno The esta n cias of Peralta Ra m os Sosa a n d Barbosa are
'
.
,
n ear the con fl uence of the Ca m am ento an d Dulce arr e y os

‘
p .
The l a uds o f th is p a 1 tid 0 are w ell suited both f0 1 shee p a n d horn ed

.
c attle : the fo m er are us ually placed 0 11 the b o u n daries of e a ch estate w it h

r ,
r uns to w ards the centre and es t anciero s find thi s a good m e tho d fo r ,
p revent ing their hoi n e d cat tle from stray i ng off th e land The g 1 eat bulk .
o f the inh a b i tants are na ti ves of the P1 ov1 11 e e of Sa nt ia go i1 co m a l a si m pl e ,

0
a nd h a i m l e s s 1 ac e of p e ople The land h olde 1 s are n earl y a l l w ealthy .

- .
'
residents in Buenos A y re s w h o co m e h ere onl y for a fe w m onth s in ,

'
su m m er T here are so m e forei gne rs prin cipall y French B a sques or ,

- ‘
Italians but n o t man y E ng lish, A e a p a ta z usual l y earns S5 0 0 a n d peon s

, ,
e rm onth
$ 3 0 0 p Peon s a cc us to
. m ed to hard 1 v o 1 k on horseback such at ,
m arki n g ca tt l e pa l ting o ut sa m e for the m arket 65 13 find c onstan t

, ,
.
,
e m ploy m ent a t $ 3 0 a day The us ual price s for stock are —Fa t m a re s .
,
$ 1 0 0 to 3 1 1 5 ; fa t o xen for m arke t 3 1 6 0 to $ 2 0 0 ; sh ee p $ 1 2 to 3 1 7 , ,

.
Sin ce 1 8 6 9 m an y sh e e p fa rm e rs ha ve di ive n their flock s o u t to the ope n

ca m p s of thi s d ist rict fgia nd fl a n ds have re ce ntl y b e e n rented by Iris h
‘
,
sh e e p fa rm e rs a t .
p e r a n num per le a gue
The val uation o f l a nd is $ 1 7 0 0 0 0 p e 1 square league ; total v alu a tion , ,
$ 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 C t i b i tax $ 6 8 0 0 0 S tock ret s — 3 3 8 0 3 7 co ws
“
, ; , o n r u c o n 1 1 1 1 1 , ,
.
,
6 5 7 8 5 11 0 1 se s
,
line sheep
,
m e stiza sh ee p e i e o1e
, ,
she ep and ,
s w i ne ?these 1 e t 1 1 1 ns h o w e 1 er include so m e of th e , ,
n e w l y fa n n e d pa rti dos a dj oi n in g Po p ulat ion A rge n tine s , 1 5 3 .
Sp a nia l ds 1 1 9 l re n cl 1 1 1 2 En glish 5 5 l ta l ia ns 2 1 Ger m a ns 9 1 1 1 dians

,
1
, , , ,
v a rio us : to tal 3 3 3 3 jrl h e 1 e a re 1 0 houses a n d ranchos in clu di n g

‘ ‘
' 1
.
, ,
2 ge neral store s a nd 4 8 p u l p e ria s The i c are 6 alcaldes 2 11 teni en tes 1 8 .

, ,
p olice a nd 1 , National G uards There i s n o villa ge or centre o f .
popula t ion 1 11 the dist 1 ict and the nearest to w ns a re Aj o a nd D ol o1 e s bot h

, ,
a bout t w ent
y 1ive le a
gue
-
s dist a nt : M a r Chiq u ita m a
y be considered t l n ee
’
day s j our n e y fro m Buenos A y res m a Cha s co m us a nd Dolore s
‘
.
,
Justice o f Peace Don Feli x Ber nal ,

.
,
1 60
'
Tp s
l
F AR S O U TH m a in s
r e .
This is another partido i n gre at part belongin g to the Anch orena fa m ily ,
the first fou l estates h avin g an aggregate of seventy three s quare leagues -
t hese proper ties extend in a st raigh t line S E f1 om th e p an tide of Las Flore s . .
to the Vecino a dista nce of fifty m il es English The lands o f Do na Rosa

, .
Anchorena de Iba nez begin a co u p le of leagues south of the R io Salado and ,
c ontain the lagoons of Sa n José Car dal ito Villan ueva Bisca che ra s Chapa , , , ,
l o fq u e n and E spada na
,
The estancia of Pedro A nch orena lies south of th e
.
Arroy o a nd Lake Ca m arones That o f Don Fabi a n Go m ez de Anchorena .
is further south and co m prises so m e s m all lake s called Sa rte n Larga and
, , ,
G allego . The estates of Nicolas and Juan A nch orena co m prise t he w hole
c ountry bet w een L a guna de los Cha nchos an d the Arroy o Ve cin o .
The m os t no table es tancia in th e pa rtido is Poronguito s the estate of

1
,
Messrs G eorge a nd C l a udi us Steg m ann the latter al w a y s residing here It

.
, .
w as established in 1 8 3 6 by the fat her of the present o w ners and has long
»
,
been fa m ous for its caba na of l ine sheep Th e late Mr St e g m a nn began the . .
establ ish m ent w ith ei ght y Ne gre tt is of the I m p erial c a ba na of Aust ria The .
stock n ow counts p ure Ne gre t t is and oth er sh eep T he esta n cia .
covers acres l y ing along the banks of the Salado (w h ich is crossed
,
at the Paso de Rocha )a n d tend ing i nland to t ll C CZl m a l O lIBS l ake Messrs t
‘
. .
Ste gm ann obta ined a bronze m edal fo r 1 1 0 0 1 at the Pa r1 s E x hibition .
The lands of To rr e s Girado a nd C a s co lie bet w een the Ca m a rones a n

, ,
d
‘
'
the P a so d e Vena do on the Rio Salado : h igh e i up tha n this p a ss w e m eet

the Senillosa estancia ; that of A guilera is n e ar the Paso de R o ch a The .
C asalins proper ty is sout h w ai d ont he bo rders of the p arti do de Ra nch The .
e stan c ias of G a m boa Prado Elizalde B ro w n h e a 1 e in the vicinit y o f

, , , ,
t
,
L ake Vicha h iie l and Arro y o del Toro ()n t h e banks of the C a m arones i s .
the esta ncia of D onL or enz o F A guero fa m ous for so m e fi ne shee p i m ported
.
,
direct f ro m The w ool of this establish m en t is in good repute .
The es tan cia house is one of the h andso m es t in the s out hern districts having
-
been e recte d fro m plans by Me unt It i s surrounded by a qui n t a a nd

' ‘
pl antation ,a n d the ga l po n is also w or thy of n otice The C a m arones is a .
per m ane nt stre am o f good w ate l a nd in w inter can on l v be passed i n ,
boats o r by s w i m m ing It is p iop ose d to e stablish a tow n [ 0 1 th e dist 1 ict of

'
Pila on this l a nd ; a nd a bri dge also is t a l ked of .
Val ua tion o f l and 3 1 50 0 0 0 to $ 2 0 0 0 0 0 p e r square l eague ; to tal valuation

, ,
Cont i ihucion tax Stock l e t nrn s (inc l uding s o m e

n e w l y for med p artidos ) co w s hor s es fi ne sheep , , ,
' '
m e st iz a sh e e p creole shee p 550 s w in e The a gricultura l

, ,
.
re turn s sho w 1 2 0 chacras c o ve ring about 1 , a c res Population _

.
Argent ine s 9 2 Spani a rds 8 9 Italians , 7 6 F renc h 1 0 En glish , 9 Ger m a n s ,

, , ,
‘
vn cm o . [ 67
16 In dians 9 6 various ; total T here are 1 1 h ou se s and 7 56 ranchos ’
incl udi ng 40 p ul p e ria s There are 7 al caldes te nientes a nd 1 2 police

.
.
, ,
.
The d istrict has ne ither to w n schools n or church The ne a rest to w ns are , ,

.
D e l ore s 1 2 leagues E L a s F l ores leagues W C has c o m us 1 4 NE and

. . .
Ra n ch e s 1 4 l e agues N these distanc es are s up posed to be take n fro m L ake

.
E spada na in th e centre o f th e partido Pila m a y be r e a ched in one da y .
fro m to w n via Southern Rai l w ay to Chas co m us

, .
Justic e of Peac e Don Lo renzo Ag ue ro w ho is al so Po st m a ster

, ,
.
l e cino .
Situ ate
a bout fift y le a gues S o f Buenos A y r es has .
,
an a rea of 80 square
leagues and contains the follo w ing estanc ias
,
Na m e . S . Le a g ues ,
Na m e .
O ca m po ,
7 Piza rro fa m il y ,
Ag ue ro ,
7 Ga rcia ,
Pine do , 7 Pa y 0 1 ,
Ponc e Bros .
,
7 Va sq 11 cz -
,
fa m il v
Rod riguez , 8 Fe re ra ,
y
Fres co , L ara 5 .
C asta no ,
Maldona do ,
l t ura l de ,
Ce p eda
C Sosa
.
, 15 Ma rin ,
O livares ,
l La m adrid ,
Ra m irez , 11
; Figueroa ,
Re y noso , 5 Ne w ton ,
Pa l a vic ino ; g V Sosa .

,
The partid o i s bounded on the by Dolore s on the W by Pila and ,

.
Arenales on the S by A y a c uc ho an d o n the E by Mo n sal vo and Dolores

, .
,
. .
The dist rict ta kes it s na m e fro m the Ar ro y o Vec ino w hich ris e s i n t he
l agoo n of the s a m e na m e near the forest of Tordillo a nd t raverse s the
, ,
coun tr y f ro m e a st to w est In w e t season this ca nada is flooded for m iles

.
,
o ffering so m e d iliicul t y to travellers The la nd o f thi parti do is in general . s
l o w but m o st of it is s u itable for she e p : the valuation is

, p er
square league ; tota l valua tion S l 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 ; Con t ribuc io n tax , ,
The e st a n dia s of O ca m po Ag uero Pinedo and Ponce a re N o f the Ca nada

, , ,
.
de l Vec ino a djo ining the Anchorena estate s o f Pila ; the in te rm ediate
,
bounda ry is the so uthern highroad to Ta n dil E ast w ard w e fi nd the l an ds . .

T HE F AB S O U TH '
PAR I ID O S
' ‘
'
Pere y ra , a l l borde ring on Monsal vo Th e

'
'
of
r
F re sco l t ural de , L a ra , a nd
'
e sta ncias of Ca s tano Pu y ol a n d Garcia are on the souther n bor der a n d in

, ,
t he cent re o f the partido are those of R odriguez , Piz arro O li v ares Sos a , , ,
& c al l w atered by the V ec ino The lag oons are s m all and t oo nu m erous
'
. .
,
to m ent ion .
O f l a te y ears so me Englis hm en have started as sh eep far m ers in thi s -
partido b ut their n u m ber is inconsiderable The lates t otIicia l ret urns ar e

,
.
s o fa r b ack as 1 8 59 and are a s follo w s — Population —l 5 | 5 Argentines

, , ,
1 9 Sp an iards 9 I tal ia ns 7 Engl ish 6 French 2 Ge rm a ns 6 various ; tota l

, , , , .
The re are 3 houses and 4 2 0 rancho s in cl uding 2 1 p ul p e ria s ,

.
Sto ck ret urns co w s ho rses fine sheep , , ,
m estiz a shee p c reole shee p 4 0 0 s w ine It is w orth y of re m a rk that

, ,
.
the creol e sheep exceed the m estiza c lass in t his partido : n e vertheless th e
distric t h as prog ressed of la t e y ears and the above returns ca nhardly n o w ,
be regarded as c o rre ct T here a re chacra s u nder fru it vegetables .

, ,
and g ra in co m prising altogethe r about ,

acre s There are 5 al caldes .
'
I3 teniente s I2 police a nd 2 90 Natio nal Guards Ih e partido h a s

‘
’ ‘
-
.
, ,
nei ther to w n ch urch n or s cho ols The nearest to w ns a re —

“
l)ol ore s 8
‘
.
, ,
leag ues N E ; Ranchos 2 3 l eagues N ; Azu l 3 0 l eague s W ; a nd Tandil

. . . .
SW . .
J ustice of the Pea ce and Post m a s ter Don J uan Vit on ,

.
Monsa l vo .
Sit ua te about fifty t w o leag ues S S E o f B uen os A y re s has an a rea of

‘
-
. . .
,
e igh ty s quare leagues a nd co m p ris e s the follo w i ng esta ncias

,
Na m e . 8 . L ea g ue s . Na m e .
E Ra m o s Mej ia
.
,
8 Diaz ,
M Ra m os Mej i a ,
.
8 Ac osta ,
Se nora Ra m os de M a dero ,
10 Gonsalez ,
Se no ra Ra mos de E l ia ,
10 F Ma dero
.
,
Celina Alz a ga ,
5 J ohn Logan ,
J B Pe na 4 11; E Varela.
,
,
. .
Lastra ,
4 1} In va l di,
Fran Pe re y r a . l Arosa ,
Fe l ix Pe re y r a ,
1 Centurion ,
R o driguez ,
l Sori a no ,
‘
Areco ,
9
170 TH E ra n S . O U TH PAR T ID O S .
1 Ay a cuch o
Situ a te
about 5 6 leagues S o f Bue uos A y res ,
h as an area of 1 15 s quare
l ea gues and co m p iise s th e follo w in g estan ci as
,
Na m e . S . L e a gu e s Nam e . S . L e a gu e s .
Casta no , Se nillosa ,
'
9
O rtiz Basu a ldo , Ma y o ] , 3
B l S ubia h rre R ebol , 3
L ez a m a , 3 Mi ro ,
Mona sterio , 11 Vignal ,
F erre y ra , 4 25 « Cacique Ne
gro fn
I ra o l a fa m il v
, , 16 4 R Go m ez
.
,
Gi ra do ,fa m il y , 6 2 Barga s ,
Morale s , 1} 1 1 D Go m ez
.
,
’
D ia z
, 1 Bisua rra 4 ,
Lopez 1 Ba rrientos 1 ,
G a ra y , 1 Pe re yra fa m il y 2 , ,
B a rg e s , 1 Salinas 1 ,
F ern a ndez , 1 Jos e Henrique 15 ,

»
The p a rtido i s bou nded on th e NE by Vecino on the N W by Arenale s

’
. . .
, ,
fro m w h ich it is separat e d by the highroad to T a ndil and Arroy o Ta n dil e ofu;
0 11 the s W by Tan d il ; on the S
. .
by Bal c e ; and on the E by Ma r
a rce . .
Chiquita It is one of the n e w partido s an d takes its na m e fro m the ,
decis ive v ic tor y over the Sp a n ia 1 ds w hi c h establi s h ed the i ndep enden ce of,
all Sout h A m erica It 1 s w a tered by t h e Arro y o Chico o r Na p ol e o fu , and a

.
,
1
nu m b e r of l a kes v iz z — H in oj al Cacique Neg l o Bai ra n cosa Pie dia

.
, , , ,
Cortade ra L o rna Alt a Poz o de F uego An im us Juncal Es p eranza & c

, , , , , ,
.
This pa rt ido w a s for m erl y an integral p a rt o f T a ndil a nd is not y e t p r ope rl y ,
organized It is a w ild a n d thinl y s e ttled count ry l ying about m id w a y

.
-
,
bet w een th e Sierra de Ta ndil a nd the sho res of the Atl a n ti c ; the sea b oard .
-
i s thirt een l eagues E f i o m the neare st p oint of th e dist rict .
The e s tancia s oi Casta no a nd Y ra ol a l ie S E of the A1 ro 1 e Ta n dile o fu ; .
the first go e s by the n a m e of Hinojal the s eco nd is ca l led L a Re conqui sta ,

.
Near the banks of the sa m e st rea m w e fi nd the Cacique Neg ro fori ie i l y ,
belo nging t oD on Nicolas Coronel but m ore rece ntl y sold by a uct ion t o Seno r
,
Cub e and o ther p ur c h a sers Th e a dj a cent lands of Vign a l 11 ere 10 1 so m e

.
y ears occ upied by t w o English s heep fa rm e rs f ro m Aust ra l ia w h o have -

,
s in ce ret ur n ed t o E ngland This part of th e c o unt ry is not m uch in fa vor

.
a m ongst foreig n set tlers L e z a m a s p ropert y at th e J uncal is traverse d by

.
’
the A rro y o Que tre l e ofu, and further south a re the lands o f Re bol and
ARE NAL E S v 17 '
-
Ferre y ra The estan cias o f Ba suald o Mir o and Subia urre lie N of the
. .
,
.
,
A rro y o Chico a nd this st rea m also w aters the e state o f Senillosa and G ir a do
,
fa m ilies Nearer to the « S ierras » are the lands of B argas Go m ez Diaz

.
, , ,
F ernan de z & c The esta n cias o f Monasterio a nd Bisna rra are on th e Arro y o
,
.
Ta n dil e ofti
There is neither to w n c hurch school no r J ustice of Pe a ce iu this partido , , , ,
nor have w e a n y sta tistical returns a s these w ill be included in the returns '
,
for Tandil The centre o f th e dist rict is distan t thirtee n lea g ues E o f
. .
Tandil 2 2 S W o f Dolore s 1 8 N W of Lag una de lo s Padres 1 8 W N W

, . .
-
.
,
. .
of the Ma r Chiq ui ta and 2 6 ES E of Az ul Th e journe y to to w n m ay be ,

. .
m ade in t hree da s ; firs t da

y y o n h orseba ck to Dolores se cond by diligence ,
to Chasco m us third by rail to B uenos A y res , .
Postm aster , D on Martin Linera .
Are na l es .
Situateabout fifty t w o -
leagues south o f Buenos A yr es ,
h as an area of 13 5
square leagues ,
a nd contains th e follo w ing estancia s :
Na m e . S . L e a g ues Na m e .
Pere y ra , 20 Aro y o ,
Se nora do L eza m a 17 Balbin , ,
Diaz Velez 20 , Y ra o l a ,
R ufi no fa m il y, 16 G Leza m a ,
.
,
Vela , fa m il y Alvarez ,
Po urtale B ros 4 Godov .

,
Do m i n g uez 2 Migue n s fa m il y
, , ,
Rodrigue z 1 ,
Palaci os 1 ,
Merlo , Gon sal ia 1 ,
Corbe ra ,
2 R iva s 1} ,
1
This i s another of the n e w partidos a nd it s b oundaries are— north Pila

w est Ra n ch fro m w hi ch it is separated by th e Arr oy o Langue y u;
,
south
Tandil 11 n d east A y a cucho and V e cino T he onl y w ate r co urses a re the
, .
L a ngue y 0 11 the S W and the Ta ndil e o fn on the S E the re are nu m erou s

. . . .
la goons b ut none of the m of a n y i m po rtance The Arro y o Langue y u see m s

,
.
a c ontinuation of the Ca nada del Vecino a nd here the countr y is l ow a n d ,
m arsh y the rest of th e partido is w ild ope n c a m p at pre sent b ut s p arsel y , ,
se ttled The highro a d fro m Dolores to Ta ndil for m s on e o f the southern

.
bo undaries The large st esta ncia is that of Don Eustaquio Diaz Velez w ho
.
,
2 S O U TH 1
u n inos .
ow ns i m m ense landed propertie s all throu gh the Sou th O f al m ost equal .
z
e xtent i s the estate of D o n Leo n ar do Pe re ra and th e ot he r he irs of Si m on
y
c
Pere ym a de ce a sed, The estanc ia of Mm e Al z a ga de L e z a m a is 0 11 the

.
. .
Arroy o Que t re l e ofu Th e lands of Pourtale Merlo Gonz a l ia a nd Ri vas lie

.
, , ,
n orth near La una del Chancho

, g The large properties o f the Vela a n
. d
R ufino fa m ilies a re w a tered b the La ng ue y u T h e Irao l a and Balbi n '
y .
e sta nc a s are in the cent re of the partido and south w ard on the bank s of
;
.
the Ta ndil e ofn w e find those o f Aroy o Al va 1 e z Godo y an d others Th e .

,
1
, ,
.
p a rt ido 1 1 he n firs t for med (in

, had an ar ea of 2 9 6 sq uare leagu es ,
b ut it ha s been s t ripp ed of hal f its extent in fo rming othe r m ore recen t

,
partido s .
The oilicia l retu rns of 1 8 6 1 a re a s fol l o w Po p u l a tio n Argentin e s ,
3 3 0 Sp a n ia i ds 3 1 3 F rench 9 1 I talians 3 7 English 5 Ger m a ns 1 9 Indians

, , , , , ,
5 various : to tal 15
’
There a re 8 ho uses and . ranchos includ ,
in g 3 9 p ul p e ria s Stoc k 1 e t urns . co w s horses fine , ,
sheep , m esti z a sheep creol e sheep an d 4 7 2 s w ine .

, , ,
There is no to w n s chool or chu rch in the partido but the Gov e rn m ent
, , ,
has subscribed 8 1 6 0 0 0 0 t o n ards bu il ding a state sch ool ; the centre of th e

,
d 1slz r1 ct 1 s distant 1 3 lea ue s N E of Tandil 2 1 E o f A z ul 1 9 S W o f

1
g . .
,
.
,
. .
D olores 2 3 S of t he Paso de Rocha on the R io Salad o an d 3 2 W of C a p e

, .
,
1
S a n Antonio on the Atlantic sea board .
Justi ce of Pea ce D on Fel ipe M B riz uela ; Post m a st e 1 D on Marti n

, .
1
,
.
Linera Municipal r e venu e

'
.
,
Ra 11 1 71 1
Situate b out 4 6 leagues S S W o f B ueno s A y res h as a n area of

a .
,
sq ua re le a gues
Th i s is a n ot he r (if the n e w p a rtidos and takes it s na m e f ro m the valiant
Colonel Ra n ch 11 Ger m a n by bi1 t h 11 ho beg a n his ca m paign a gainst the
, ,
I ndia ns in 1 8 2 2 : d uring seve ra l y ears h e perfor m ed a su< ce ss ion of brilliant

e xploits a nd m o r e the s u1 ages fa r in t o the desert conq uering a n i m m ense ,
t e rrit 0 1 y f0 1 the p u rposes o f in dus t ry and colonization H e w a s at last

1
.
t re a ho usl y aban doned by his o w n m e n a nd pe rishe d in the m i dst of a

q ,
glor io us and useful c a reer The bo un da i ie s of th e p arti do a 1 c N Las

.
1
-
.
Flo res f ro m w hich it is s eparated by the Ai i oy os Gua l ich u a nd Azul , W

, .
”
.
Az ul ; S Tandil a nd E Arenales and P111

.
,
The dist 1 ict is w ell w atered
. .
the Ch a pale ofu i s a l arg s trea m tra versing the partido fro m north to south ;
'
e
17 4
0
TH E F AR SO U T H m a rm os .
s i0 0 1 , to w n in t he district V ill e centre

n or
“
l eagues N of Tandil 1 5 E dista nt 1 4
o f Az ul W of ‘
;
.
; 3 8 Ca p e .
' '
Sa n
’
Antonio ; and 20 S
. ‘
o f Terrero s bridge ’
o riRio Sa l a du
‘ .
J us i ce of Peac e D on Fra ncisco M L e t a m e n di

t
, .
.
Situate fifty fi veleag ues S fW o ue nos A re s

l
-
y fl
'
ia s
an area near l y
.
oi 40 0
square leag ues a
nd co m prises i
‘
h c follo w in est anci as

N m g ,
m
1
a e .
5 . L e a g ue s.
Na e
’
Llavallol
.
,
L C0 x .
-
,
An chorena Bros .
, P Martinez
.
A costa ,
Ba rda
,
,
R osas “
,
M Rolda n.
,
Iturral de ,
Pe nal va
Botet ,
B Rold a n ;
‘
,
' .
L eloir Bros ,
Aguirre ;
.
Gutierrez
Vidal ,
,
Cordoba ;
Viton ,
l sl a s ,
Do m inguez fa m il y , ,
Ulloa fa m ily ;
,
W G rierson
.
H N Nichol son
. .
,
,
Za rate fa m il v , ,
Willia m L a urie ,
Juli a n Martinez
Pa la cios ,
,
Mosquera ,
L a hitte ,
John F reres
A lcanta r a fa m il y , , Mu noz ,
L a ques ,
Me ndieta ,
Man cilla fa m il y , , Pere do ,
Pl a nes fa m il y , , Pa rdo fa m il y ,
Pon dal ,
Sa nto s
,
,
Sotu y o ,
Peter Teno r ,
Varela ,
Se ra ntes fam il n
y ,
R o cha ,
Re y n oso
,
,
Mi na n a fa m il y, , L a va o ,
Go m ez fa m il y
, ,
Corr ea ,
Brid , 4
Arista fa m il y , ,
Alva re z fa m il y , , Avila ,
Alv a r a do B ros .
, Arist cgui
'
,
T h o m a s Tucker , Jos eph Gordon ,
A Z UL . 175
Beside s the above there i s a n u m ber of s maller holdings c all ed « L e s

S uertes del Azul » eac h co m pris in g three q uarters o f a sq uare lea gue of
,
-
land i the y are 2 5 2 in nu m ber v iz : Alvarez Alicate Ara m o Aguilar , ,

.
, , ,
Al m ada Ava lo s Acosta A guirre Berdun Ba igo rrea Balcarce

, , ,
Bardas , , ,
Baldovino Ballesteros Belgran o Barr a gan Ba l vida re s Burgos , , , ,
B ustos ,
Cab rera Calandria C h ave s Castellan os Ca rab aj al , , , ,
Cast ro Cej as Car m ona D he rs

, ,
Dia z E spinosa E ch a g ue Fig ueroa
, , ,
Hil ton Fer re y r a Fernandez G uz m a n Gon s a lez ,

Guerrico Guedes , , ,
.
G e n e va Garro Galvan Grige ra Giles Hornos,

Herrera Huerta s
, , , , ,
Iz e t a lba nez L opez

, Luj an Lara Leiva L eal L e n cin a Lasota Merlo
, , , , , , ,
Me dina Ma ldonado Ma y a Moron Montenegro Ma r tinez , ,
Mendez Morua Marquez Matas Na vas (i) O ca m pos O liver a Pre ciado
, , , , , ,
Prado Pul l isa Ponce Perez Peralta Poz o R io vo Rodrigue z

, , , Binuu , , , ,
R oj a s ,
Ro m ero Ro l da n Sequei ra Salas
,
Sa y ago S ilva ,
Ra m irez Solan o Tenor Bus ta m ante Ulloa Urbin a U rquij o Ura n

, , , , , , ,
Veg a V illal ba Viiia rn e l Z avala Z uri t a Carriso Cela y a Luna an d 1 0 4

, , , , , , , ,
others covering altogether a n area of 1 8 9 sq uar e leagues ; These suertes

,
s urround t he to w n of Az ul and a re b ounded on the E by the Arro y o ,

.
C ortaderas a nd on th e W by the Ta l a q ue n ri t er : t he v e vt e nd in a straigh t

,
.
l in e f ro m the borders of La s Flores in a S W dire ction to the desert for a ,

. .
,
d istanc e of tw e nty t w o league s The Az n l ri ve r flo w s through the m idst of

-
.
the m a nd i n the s outh there is a b a rrier of h ill ran ge s sepa rating the m
,
-
f ro m the Indian pa m pa s : these hills are de signated Sierra Re dondo ,
Pe re guiuo Sot a no a n d Bav a a nd th ree league s further out stands Fort

, , .
Per di do in a ca na da of th e sa m e na m e
,
The e stanci a s of L l a va ll ol Vi ton Vid a l and D o m iiw ue z a re sit uate , ,
b e t w e e n the Ar roy o s Co rta dores a nd Los H uesos on t he borders of T a ndil , .
F urther south in the hil l y c ountr y w e fi n d Cox Acos ta a nd Anchorena the , , ,
las t n a m ed in the vicinity of Ce rro Colo rado T he fro ntier line runs S E
-
. . .
a long these bi l l s f ro m Sie rra Quil l a l a nq ue n (i n the a dj oi ning partido

,
of Pa p al q ue n) to Sierra la T m ta nea r the head w aters of th e Quequen -
G ra nd e abo u t t w e nty four l e agues fro m the ocean

.
-
The dist a nce fro m .
Q il l l to h ierra iuta i t ent i lea gues abou t seven

'
S l
'
u a a nq ue n t e s w y s s : -
l eagues E of Quil l a l a nq ue n i s F ort Pe rdi do a nd four league s fur ther E w e

.
,
.
m eet Fort M i nana bui l t on th e estancia o f t he Mi nana fa m il v nea r L a ke

,
Nutri a : fo u r le a gues S is Fo rt O t a m endi be y on d the fro n t ie r l ine and

.
,
.
t h e re a re n u m erous estanc ias for so m e leagues e ve n be y o n d thi s fort w hi ch ,
is h e a r e l a goon called L a Barran cosa These estan cias a re Martinez Rold a n .

, ,
A guirre G utierrez Bar da Pe iia l va , fi c and bet w een Fort O ta m endi a nd

,
'
, ,
’
t
'
t h fi ont ie r w e fi nd the settl em ents of D e n F e li p e Bot e t a nd Se nor l t urra l de

e
,
17 6 TH E r a n 5 0 0 1 11 Pa nr ro o s
'
.
the vicin it y of Ce rr0 L a Plata a n d Cerro Ca nete The large estate of th e

“
in .
late I rude ncio Rosas lies eas t of th e to 11 of A z ul extending a s far a s

’
A r ro y o Corina The p roperties c f Ulloa Cordoba a nd Islas are on th e

.
, ,
b a nk s of the A1 ro y o L os H uesos .
This part of the co unt ry un til re centl y suffered m uch fro mIndi a n
in cdrsion s; b ut is n ow com p a 1 a t ive l y un m oleste d Nu m bers of y oung .
English m en are settling do w n h ere as l a nd is ab undant and cheap : so m e ,
h a ve sh e e p far m s on re n ted la n ds oth e rs occ u p y the m sel ves Ill fatteni n g

-
, ,
cattle fo r th e cit y m a rk et and in tl1 1 s w a y y o un g m e n of li m i ted capita l and

'
a ctive habits find a better sta rt tha n in a ny othe r part of the Rive r Plat e
t erritories . is not w ithou t its d1 a w ba ck s i n the l a w les s ,
O ne third o f the i n habit a nts a re w ha t

'
s tate of so ciet y a t present existing .

!
is t e rnie d « ta m e Indians but a w o rse fe a ture i s the nu m ber of es ca ped

'
v a gabonds p 1 o w l iug a bOut th e frontier The land 1 5 suitable both fo r shee p .
a n d cat tl e The e ll ie ial valua tion IS $ 1 2 0 0 0 0 and so m e Engl ish far mers
.
, ,
h ave bo ught fro ni Go vem in e n t a t $ 1 6 0 0 0 1) p e r square league ; but sale s ,
b et w een p : i vate p a 1 t 1 e s ge ne ra l l y go as hi gh a s $ 2 5 0 0 0 0 ; to ta l valu ation ,

‘
8
'
$ 5 7 ,
0 0 0 0 0 0 a g a
,
inst 3 4 1 10 0 0 t i
,
n 1 8 6 1 ; Cou t 1 ibucion tax
S2 2
, 8 0 0 0 , ,
.
Population Xi ge n tiue s Indi a ns 9 1 iF re n ch 50 3 Spania r ds , , , ,
2 3 0 I ta l ia ns G e rm a n s 56 E 1 g l ish 16 8 v a 1 io us ; to tal
, , Ther e ,
are 3 8 7 h o use s a n d 1 9 8 8 ran chos Stock ret urn s — 8 2 2 7 OO co w s 7 7

'
.
, , ,
hors e s 2 0 132 7 l ine s he e p

, ,
m es t iz a h e e p /1 2 7 6 8 0 cr e ole s heep
, s , , ,
a nd 5 \ inc ; be 11 g 11 11 a ver a ge o f s 2 0 0 11 0 1 se s and , ,
sheep p e r squa re le agu e Th e re a re 9 al ca l d e s 2 D tenientes 1 4 p olice .

, , ,
a n d 3 5 0 Natio n a l Gu a rds T he re is a con side ra ble a m oun t of l a nd u nde r

.
c ultiv a tion co m p ri sed in 1 4 7 ch a cr a s w ith a u a gg reg a te o f ne a r l y

, ,
'
a c res .
T h e t o w n of Az ul ha s lo u g h ee n a pl a ce o f t ra de a n d 1 1n p 0 1 t a n ce o n t h e
'
I nd ia n f rontie r a nd t he he a d qu a rte rs of the G ove rn m en t forc es in the

,
-
south B e fo re t he Pa ra g ua y a n w a r the g a rr i so n co m p rised 1 0 1) caval ry

.
'
o t th e L ine besides Nationa l G u a rds a uxil ia ries In

' ’
a n d 5 5 0 111 1a n t ry ,
.
fo rm er y e a rs t he place suffere d m uch in the Indian w a rs and it w a s ,
b e sieged by the sava ge tr ibes on l y t w elve y ea rs a go It is now a risin g .
'
to w n of i n hab i ta nts si tua ted 0 11 the Azul ri ver a nd surrounded by ,
chacr a s Th e re a re a ch urch s ch ools 1 6 2 shops a n d house s 11 barr a ck

.
, , , ,
two m i lls se veral brick kiln s a nd so m e w ell p lanted quinta s The best
,
-
,
-
.
h ouse s arc th ose of Ague rribe m Bri d Bolondo C ha y é Corneille M a llet ;

'
'
, , , , ,
Me drano Anira n Bastos Be l a go ni Gedru

’ ’
,
n, l ba r1 a Ire ve rria Lasalle
, , , , , ,
L e guisa m o u Pe re da Pa y 1 o Pe i e z Me a be Ro d1 igu e z and Vich y val ue d

, ,
'
, , , ,
from S7 0 , 0 0 0 up w a ddsl The m ills m e those of D he rs and Biviere

'
The .
178 THE m a S O U TH PAR T ID O S .
for m ation of t h e ne w partidos of Neco chea and Bal carce th e extent of

,
Tan dil w a s over 4 0 0 square le a gues The l a test sta tistic al returns are .
Population — l 50 6 Argentines 5 3 5 Indian s 3 4 Sp a nia rds 2 ! Italians 1 0

, , , , ,
French 6 Engl isln h Ger m an s 2 6 v a rious ; total

, these h o w e ve r ca n
, , ,
n o l onge r be considered exact Stock returns not g iven The re a re fou r

. .
'
h e u se s a n d ei ght y ra n ch os also 2 7 cha cras The parti do i s little l now n to

,
.
‘
x
forei gn res i dents : w e a re indebted to a n English sheep fa rm er of Tandil -
for th e fol l o w ing a ccou n t o f th is r e m ote territory The fl a t in t e rm ina ble

pla ins w h i ch e xist o ver the re s t o f the Province of Buenos Ayres are her e
diversi fie d by the sie rr a s the r idges of w h ich present a n a greea ble vista t o
,
the e y e of t he t ra ve ller w e a ried by the m onoto n ous s cenery of t he p a m p a s

, .
The Sie r ra s gi ve bi rth to se veral be au tif ul stre a m s o f f res h s w eet w a ter . ,
the principal o f w hi c h a re th e Ca p a l e ofu th e H uesos the A rro y o Ta ndil , , ,
the . These st re a m s a f te r ru nni ng so m e fiftee n or t w e n ty l e a gu e s los e

the m sel ves in l a gu n as and ; n a m p y gro un d s The pasture in th is dist ric t .
is less re fine d a n d t h e gra sse s coarse r than n ea rer Buenos Ayr e s a n d

,
.
,
cons eque ntly n ot s o w ell suite d fo r sheep b ut ca ttle do very ne ll on the m , .
T he e st a nc ias are p rn m p al l y o w n ed by native gentle m en and have been but ,
little s ub divid ed so that they a re m ostly fro m three to ei g h t square le a gu e s

,
i n extent ; m a ny are rented th e o w ne rs fi nding it m ore p ro fitable t han

,
stocking the l a n ds t he m s e l ve s The re n t varies fro m S .

to
t h e sq ua re le a gue c a p able of s up p or ting to sh ee p and w h e re
'
, ,
the cent re o f a n e s t a n cia is o c cupi ed by cat tle puestos are re nt e d on t he ,
b ound a ries a t to p e r puesto fo r sheep The n o m i na l .
price of l a nd i s to p e r s qu a re le a gue Th e sh ee p in this .
d istrict a re a s a r ule not s o re fin e d a s tho se n e are r to w n a n d it is only

, , ,
w ithi n t h e last s i x yea rs that fore igners have co m e to settle b rin ging shee p ,
w ith t he m S hee p fa rm ing is und e r th e sa m e dep ression h e re as in t he re st

.
-
o f the p ro vin ce Althou gh land is che a pe r the shee p w il l n ot fa t te n so

.
,
w ell n or gi ve so he av y a fl ee ce as on the fi n er pastu re l a nds a nd the heavy

, ,
.f reight fo r sending the w oo l i n to Buen os A y res i s n e arl y equi valent to t h e

h igher rent p aid for la n d neare r to w n Th e h ide s w 0 0 1 & e a re despatched .
, ,
.
,
t o Buen os Ayres i n bullock carts w hich m ake th e jou rney o f e i ghty league s
-
,
i n fro m fi fteen to t w e nty days in su m m er and one o r t w o m on ths in w inter ,

.
The freigh t va rie s f ro m $ 1 0 to $ 1 4 p e r arrob a o f 2 555 a s m uch as it costs to ,
s end the articles fro m Bueno s A y re s to Europe The freight from Buen o s .
Ayres a ve ra ges 3 50 per bulto of l SOlt of bulky goods 2 0 0 11, o f h e a vy The ,

.
expenses o f a sheep fa r m a re greatly enhanced by this he avy cartage as a l l

-
,
the m ateria l ha s to be brough t fro m to w n and the freight on pine and post s ,
for the folds , & c , is a s m uch as thei r fi rst cost

. .
T ANDIL . 17 9
“
The no inal p rice o f shee p is fro m Sl O to
m per he a d a nd cattle 3 3 0 ,
per h ea d W ith present pri ces o f w ool it is a hard busi ness fo r the shee p
.
far m er to m eet his expenses a nd m an y a re t r v ia g to m eet the de ficiency by

,
s o w ing plots of w h eat a nd m a i ze

“
.
The to w n of T a ndil is situated in a valley in th e sierras a n d has a ve ry ,
picturesque a p p earan c e A st rea m lined w ith po p lar a n d w il l o v tree s

.
w inds roun d it a nd w orks a fl our m ill o w ne d by Mr J F p gh The to w n . . .

.
poss esses a fin e n a tiona l sc hool a n d m uni ci p al ofiice s behind w h ich i s a sm a l l ,
s p ac e ent renc h ed bv a deep ditch faced w ith ston e s w hic h s erved as a for t ,
a gainst the Indians in y ears gone by About a le a gue fro m the to w n is t he

'
fa m ous rocking ston e w hich i s a h ug e boul der b a l a nc ed on th e t op of a

,
sie rra and h a l f ov erha n gi ng the pre cipic e ; th e bal a nc e is so delic a te t ha t a

”
g entle b reez e w ill m a ke it tre m ble a nd \ e t the fiercest sto r m s fa il to hu rl it

.
,
do w n . A ve r v i m po rtant t ra de is carried on here i n count ry prod uce i t ,
being t h e ne a rest to w n fo r th e i nhabita nts of th e f ronti e r dist ri c t s La g e .

r
quantiti e s of w h eat a re so w n in the n eig h b orhoo d on t h e l p e s of t he sie rra ; . s
the soil see m s w ell ada pted to this cra p a n d the cli m a te fa vor a b l e T he , .
p rinci p a l ri sks a re late frosts in the s p ri n g; w hi ch ina r destroy t he blosso m ,
a n d hail stor m s of w hich t h ere a re ge ne ra tl v o n e o r t w o in the c ourse o f

'
'
the s u m m er T he w h eat is c ut bv re a p ing im cl iin s t od den o ut by m a re s

’
a
- r
. ,
a nd dressed h i the w ind i n the ope n a i r O n a c count o f the d i st a n ce f ro m

.
Buenos \ v rcs w heat can n ot be g ro w n p ro fitabl y to s e n d the re b ut u p to

.
, .
the p resent y ea r t h e q uantity gro w n has n o t b e e n su ffi c ient to k eep t l ie in il l

s uppl i ed a n d fl our is fre q ue n t l v brought f ro m h ie iios A y res Pota toes
,
.
ro ell m aiz e is an uncertain O o n a cc o unt o f the e a rl v frosts in the

g w w ; c r p ,
a utu m n
“The c o m m unica tion bet w een here a nd l l ue nos Ay res is carried on b
.
y
d iligences w hi ch run fo u r t im e s a m o nth and sta rt fro m C ha sco m us reachin g , ,
Tand il o n the thi rd da y fro m lea vin g to w n The frontiers o f the pro vince .
e xte n d fro m fo rt v to fi ft v l e ague s t o the south o f Ta ndil Th is vas t extent .
of ca m p is occupied p r inc ipally by cattle estanc ia s the g ra ss being too ,
coarse for she ep ; the cattle w hen fa t are tra velled to Buen os A y res The v .
thri ve w ell o n these lands hav in g plenty of ro o m ; but the business is a n

,
uncert a in one on account of the In dian s but i t isto be not e d t ha t a l th oug h t he ,
"
so uthern fa rm ers have been pra ct ically un protected d uring this P a raguaya n
w a r there have been n o extensive ra ids a s in the Pro vinc es of Santa F e a n d

,
“
C ordoba .
The great desider a tu m i s the rail w ay w hich it is to be h op e d w ill b e

’
c a rried o n to Tandi l it being t he central to w n of the settled ca m ps o f the

‘
south and a l l the p ro duce of the c ountry for fifteen leag u

,
es on ea ch side
mm
1 80 TH E ra n s o ur u m ar i e n s .
w ould find its w a y to it ; besides there i s but lit tle doubt th a t as so on as

T a nd il w ith its b ea utiful scenery and te mp e ra t e cli m ate beca m e kno w n and
]
e a s y of acc ess to the p e ople of Bueno s A y r es i t w ould be co m e afa shion a bl e ,
s um m e r r e si de nce .
[ he p rinc ipal fo reign resid e nts are Mr J F ugh t h e m ill Ta n dil ; Geo rge
' -
. .
, ,
J il i a d e the l sia Cha p a l e o l u; ll Ginnis G e o rge C re bbis l Gro bbi e Ii W

'
. . .
.
, , , ,
. .
Biirn e t t W F Goodfello w W O sgood the M a ce do n ia ; Mr A

,
.
,
.
, .
M Kin l ay A a nd S J a m e s R M Ausl a nd Mr Har ro w Mr Cooney

‘
,
; .
, .
‘
,
.
,
.
,
Mr L e onard Mc Laurie Sa n Ja vi e r
. A nu m be r of D a n e s principall y
, ,
.
,
.
,
e m p l o vcd iii a gri cult u re

'
r e si de nea r Tandil Mo st of the store a nd ho tel : ,

.
k e e p e rs a re a n d g re a t n um bc rs of F rench Ba q ues resi de in the s
c o un t ry T he best ho tel in T ind l i s the Ca fe de l a Pied ra ; the cha rges

.
i -
”
a r e re a s o n a ble a n d t h e a cc o m m o dations good ,
.
The ia rt ido c o m p rises the follo w in g e s tan ci as :

r
Na m e . 5 . L e a ru e s-
. Nam e .
8 . L e a gu e s .
M g non s
i
,
Anch o rena , 3
Ve l a , Machad o 4
C a sa res , G ira do , 52
Ed a . h, A ra n ce , l
(io iis a l cz ,
Al ga ua i a s ,
l
Av a l os , Ar a na ,
i ra ol a , 6
Pi ne ro , 3 C o rdob a , 6
Pa z ,
l Sa aved ra ,
13
l l a m a s, 1 R a m i rez , 5
G o m e z fa m i l y , ,
18 Uria i te , ‘
5
Sa e nz Va l ic n t t Butle r, 5
Lo pez U rr a co 6
"
,
I ,
l l a va l ,
l M igra te s l ,
bo l a ne t ,
4 Ponc e Leon l ,
.
The l l nva l e s tanc ia si t ua te on the Arro y o Chap a le ofu w a s r e c e ntl y sold , ,
a t a uct i o n by Mr Bil l i nghu rs t fo r p e r square le a u e

.
g the h ous e s ,
a nd co r ra ls be i n g t a k e n a t a valu a tion
'
, .
l a iid il is sit ua t e IG le a g ues S E of Az ul 2 8 N o f th e m o u th of the

' ‘
. .
, .
i q e n e n G ra n de 2 7 N W of L ag una d o los Pad res S ,

W o f Dolo re s .
,
. .
2 3 S of L a s F l o re s
. .
J ustice of Pe a ce Don Ca rl os Da rra g ueira ; C ura te l l e v Jos e M Rod ri guez ;

, ,
. .
Po t m a ste r l) Nic a n o r l il iz a l de
s
,
T h e state schools are a ttend e d by 5 7
.
.
-
,
bo y s a nd 4 5 g irls Valu ati on of l anded p roperty . a gai nst
in 1 8 6 2 Con t ribuc on ta x 5
i 5 1 5
2
0 0 0 0 . .
1 82 arm 3 r a n S
-
O U TH PAR T ID O S .
i n stony ri dges running do w n to the sea a n d for m i ng the he a dland of Cape

, ,
Corrientes in l a titude 3 8 d Cm
, and further south a line of rocky cliffs
. .
, ,
w h ic h bounds the shore as fa r as C a e Andres » These hills give birth to

p .
m ost o f the strea m s that irrigate th e c a m ps of th e pa rtido Thirty y ear s .
a o this par t o f the cou n try w a s over r un by th e l ndi a n s b ut n o w it i s

g -
,
p e rfectly sec ure : t he esta n ci as are o n a l a rge scal e w ell stocke d w ith ,
sheep and cattle a nd t he pa rtido i s in fact a large g ra zi n g far m fro m w h ich

, ,
a re b rou h t e ve ry
g y ear gre a t h e rds of ca ttle for the city m arkets and the
s al a deros T he l a uds especiall y nea r the se a are co nsidered the best in
.
, ,
th e s outh .
The estancia of th e l ate Soc ieda d Rural i s n ow m os tly the pro p erty o f
Mess rs M a r ti n ez d e Hoz ; it lies south w ard of Ca pe Corrie n te s a nd th e c oast
.
,
abound s in se a ls (other w ise called sea w i ll b e fo re lo n g gi ve
rise to a lucrative bu si n es s in the sk ins a nd o il of these ani m a ls O n t he .
sa m e laud t he re a re a lso so m e chalk quarrie s O n the s a m e line of coast .
a re the e stan cias o f O ta m end i Ca m pos Tr a pani a nd Peralta Ra m os , , , ,
int e rse cted by the a rro y o s al ready m entioned Inland co verin g a great .
,
e x t e nt o f h i
. ll c ou n t ry fro m Sie rra de l os Padres to S ierra Ba rbosa a re the
,
‘
Saenz Valiente e states ; w hile those of the S uarez fa m ily are no rth w a rd on ,
t he Arro y o D ulce The l a rge p ossessions of Pe na An choren a Lez a m a a nd

.
, , ,
Ba udrix a re situa te on the t w o chief branches of the Arro y o G ra nde ; th e

E sta n cia San S im on of D on Leonar do Pereyra is on the Arro y o Ch i co nea r
, , ,
the borders of Tan dil The s m all er p roperties of Vi r e t N inian Johnstone

.
, ,
L lanos Ba rr a gan Subia u rrc Ca m ct &c a re in the vi cinity o f Laguna de

, , , ,
.
,
los Pa dre s .
In 1 7 4 7 the Jes ui ts fo u nde d a se tt l e m cnt on the la k e w hi ch still p reserv e s

thei r n a m e s i tuate fo ur l eague s i nl an d i n a N W c o urse fro m Ca p e
,
.
C orrientes The s ite w a s w el l chosen be in g su itable for a n a g ric ult ur a l

.
,
e s tabli sh m ent of e a sy ac cess to the se a and offering e very facility for

, , .
defen ce . The Fath ers w e re unable to reduc e the w ild pa m pa t ri be s to

hab its of o rd e r a n d industry and the e stabli sh m ent w a s abandon e d a f ter t e n
,
yea rs o f unava iling l a bor S om e re m ains of the buildings a nd the frui t

.
,
t ree s planted by the Jesu its s til l re m a in Th e l ake covers about t w o ,

.
square m iles in ex tent and is su rrounded by th ick pla nt a tions About three
,
.
le a gu e s e a s t w a rd at the m out h of Arroy o C ard a lito near Lo be ria C hica a

, , ,
site ha s bee n m arked o ut for a to w n a nd there is a port sui ta ble for vessel s ,
o f so m e s iz e D o n Pa tri cio Pe r a l ta Ra m os ha s a s a ladero here a bou ts w here

.
,
he slau g h te rs ca ttle m ares a nd sheep : be expen ded so m e m oney on a n

, ,
i ro n m ole w hich ha s ne ve r been fi n is he d but w hi ch w a s m u ch i nj ured in

, ,
a hea vy s tor m la s t ea r
y .
L om z a u 1 83
La guna de los Padres is situate 7 le agues S W of the Ma r Ch iquita l ake . .

,
2 0 N E of the m out h of the Queque n G r a nde 7 5 E N E of Bahia Bla nca

.
,
. . .
,
7 0 E of the Si erra la Ventana 2 7 S E of Ta ndil and 3 5 S of Dolore s

. It ,
. .
,
. . .
is fou r days jo urney fro m to w n

’
.
J us tic e o f Pea ce D o n Pedro Bo uchet ; Post m a st er D on J uan A Pe na

, ,
. .
Mun ici pal re ven ue ,
L obe rz a
'
Situate a bo ut seven ty fi ve le a gues south of Buenos Ayres ha s an area of -

,
1 9 0 square league s a nd co m prises the follo w ing estancias :

.
,
Na m e S L gu
. N m . on es a e .
G uerric o 10 ,
E Dia z Velez .
,
S V a liente fa m il v
. 10 Martinez de Hoz
,
Son s , ,
Pe redo ,
G L astra ,
S aavedra 6 ,
L ure ,
C uest a ,
5 Alegre ,
C obo ,
( Arruda i ,
Da sso ,
6 Barb osa fa m ily , ,
C a sta nera (i ()t a m c udi

, ,
Martinez 2 ,
Rico ,
S a ba t té ,
2 E ustaquio Torres ‘
,
F ara m ina n Flore s

,
w ,
Q uintana ,
Maldonado w ,
J a m es Ga y nor Pita ,
w ,
S uarez ,
O tero w ,
G andara ,
Ma cha do fa m ily w , ,
G a ina rd Bros O rtega .

, ,
F Arz e
.
, Sotel o ,
A Di a n a
.
, Rcr noso Bros a .
,
i
C arlos F Casares . Pieres ,u ,
Galiano ,
9 P icado o .
,
t
Vega Bros Albare ll os

.
, ,
b
t
a
Muiio 1 Perez
'
J : N Fer nandez
. . 10 Bl a cia s , I ,
The pa rtido is bounded on the nor th by the Arroy o Choco ri w hich ,
sepa rates it fro m Balca rce on the w es t by Ta ndil on the so uth by the , ,
R ive r Q uequen G rande se p ara ting Loberia fro m Ne cochea and on the e ast , ,
18 2 TH E ra n S O U TH p i a rm os .
b y the Atlanti c It h as a c oast l ine of t e n leagues an d here debouch thre e

.
,
lar g e arroyo s t he N utria M a risa Ma l a e a ra a n d El More

, The p a rt ido
, ,
.
t
e xten ds inl a nd t w enty l e a g ue s t i l l rea chin g the sierras of T a n di l

,
The
S ierra del Vu l c a n fo rm s the N W bo und a ry The Rive r Q uequ e n Grand e
. .
is fed by a nu m b e r of large st rea m s suc h a s th e Queq uen Chi co Qhe l a cin t a , , ,
l l ost a z a s Lo s H uesos l a m a n gne y u a n d Arroyo Sec o The Queque n

' ‘ ’
, , , .
G rand e falls i n to the Atlanti c t w e n t y — t w o l e a gues S W o f C a p e C orri entes : . .
there i s a ba r a t the m outh but the ri ver has usu a l l y a su ilie ie n t depth of
,
w ater fo r ve s sels of s o m e b u rden The l a te Col on el Mig uel Ma rtin e z de .
H oz as ce nded t he rive r i n 1 8 8 1 w i t h th e stea m b oat Bue n os A y res l a den

, , ,
w ith c a rgo as high as his estanci a o f E l Moro a n d r e turne d in the sa m e

, ,
,
w a y w i th a carg o of w ool and h i des This ri ver is o ne o f t h e m ost .
consider a ble in the provin ce a n d w a s for m a ny y e a rs reg a rded as t h e

,
frontier li m it so uth w a rd s So l a te a s 1 8 5 3 5 2 t h e In dians c a use d m uc h

.
-
a nnoy a n c e to the settle rs but no w the h ole coast is settl e d a s fa r a s Ba hia

,
Blanca a n d the se ca m p s o ffer e ve ry a d vant a g e e s p e ci a l l y for cat tl e ,
far m ing Before the for m a tion o f t he n e w p a rti dos Loberia had a n area of
.
s qua re le a gues of w h ich o n l y 3 0 6 w e re h e ld by s e t tlers t h e res t

, ,
b ei n g p ublic lan d or r a ther l nd ia n territory The ca m p s a re ri ch and

, .
fer tile an d fa m o us fo r ra ising the l a rgest c a tt l e in the provi n c e : in w inter

,
ti m e t his p a r tido sup p lies the ci ty m a rk e t s a l m ost e xc l usively t h e othe r ,
parti dos ha ving li t tl e or no fa t c a ttle a t t ha t s e ason T h e se a coas t is line d .
w ith sandhills b ut the a dja cent l a nds a re v e rv ric h

,
Th e l a n d o f this .
partid o is val ued fro m 51 1 52 0 0 0 0 to per squa re le a gue ; tot a l

v a l uat i on , C o n t ribucion t a r The r e nt for ca m p ,
is p er l e a gu e p e r a n nu m .
Th e S oc ie dad Ru ra l ha d a n estan cia of thi rty sq ua re le a g ues situ a te

bet w een the Ar ro y o C ho cori and E l Mo re alo ng th e sea c o a t ; pa rt of it ,
s
n o w be l o n gs to Me ssrs Ma rtine z dc Ho z ; t h is l a nd i s w e l l w a t e r e d a n d
.
fertil e. l il l in e a nt e belo ngs to Se nor (l ne rrico a n d thi s lie s b e t w ee n E l ,
He ro a n d the Queque n Th e es t a n c ias of (Ze b u l l a rbos a and Arrn da a re

.
, ,
o n the Q u e que n Chi co

'
Those o f C uest a Sa av e dra a nd O tero a re o n the
.
, ,
bo rd e rs o f T a ndil a m i ds t t he hill c oun tr v ; a nd a t th e foot o f Sierra Vulca n

,
fi nd Flo res Alegre Sa ba t te Cast a ner a Ri co Pere do a n d Saen z

1
w e , , , , , ,
’ ‘
Valiente In t he centre o f the pa rti do t ra v e rs e d by the Arroyo l a m a n

..
,
guey a a re the e stancia s of Arz e O t a m e n di Mach a d o D asso a n d o th ers

, , , , ,
.
The C e rro l l e do n do on the F a ra m ina n e st a nc ia is a d e tached grou p of hills

, ,
al m ost m id w ay bet w e e n th e Sierra V ulc a n a nd the l a n dil ra n ge Th i s

' ‘
.
partido , m ore tha n a ny other abounds in hills a n d w a ter courses ,

.
4 86 TH E ra n s o ur n m a ri no s .
'
o ccu p ies the de l t a of the l a s t na m ed stre a m and th e Q uequen G rande -
t here is ano th e r fo rd on this estan ci a called Paso dc O tero about six league s , ,
h ighe r up tha n the Gal ist eo pass .
The pa rtido co m prise s the follo w ing estancias

N m a e .8 L gu N m . ea es a e .
E Diaz Velez
. O livera fa m ily, , ,
Alzag a ,
Negre tto ,
Anchore na fa m i l y A rz e
,
fa m ily ,
.
, ,
Are co ,
J uan N F ernandez .
,
Hornos ,
F ulco Be bol ,
E ch e ver ri a Coho , ,
V C a na l .
,
Vela fa m il v ,
L a ra ,
L Op e z ,
[ anuz dz Crisol
. Iraola ,
T o ba l ,
La stra ,
Monte s d e Oca Eche ne gucia , ,
Uda quiola ,
R od rigue z Subia urre

, ,
G i rado ,
Ra m ire z ,
Santa Maria Casal , ,
Viton fa m il v ,
M Perez .
,
R oque P erez He rrera Co ,

.
,
La rrosa ,
O rti z ,
C ha ve s ,
Do m inguez ,
L a rriba ,
Ca nas ,
Ez e isa ,
C ornell ,
R ico ,
Bauz a ,
F a ra m ina n ,
’
l t e rre y ra ,
P O bligado
.
,
Pizarro ,
Vi e ra Real ,
Ro m ,
F Torres O rtiz
’
.
, ,
l u va l di, Ca sa s ,
O liva res , P ublic lands ,
Ra y m o n d Prat , G
The l arge e stanc ia of Juan Ne p o m uceno Fernandez i s t ra verse d

by th e a rroyos Ca l averas a nd Col a ngue y u Near th e h illy c ountry .
o f Sierra Ti nta and the T a nd il w e find th e lands of Vela O r ti z , ,
Do m inguez a n d Ud a q uiola The An cho rena pro p erty i s fur ther w est a t a
, . ,
o in t called C i n c o L o m as O n the In dian frontier n e fi nd J ohn C ornell

'
p . ,
C haves L arri b a ,
Ho r nos ,
a nd Areco Ret u nin g eas
,
t w ard by the Arroy o .
r
T E ES a nnov o s . 187
Pescado Castig a do w e m eet on th e north of this strea m the estates of Iraola

-
,
Las t ra Ca na s and Prat ; south of th e st re a m ar e Ech e n e gucia Alz a g a

, , , ,
L a nn z and O li vera O n the n orth bank o f the C ris tia no Muert o a re l n va l d i

,
.
,
Torre s Perez O livares R a m irez Sub ia u rre Santa Mari a and Gi rado On
, , , .
, ,
.
the sea boa rd there is a lagoon c all e d Sala das on the e stan cia of Marcelino
-
,
Bod : ignez : the coa s t is lined w ith sand hills .
The bes t site fo r a t o w n w ould perhaps be a t Paso O tero on the Queq ue n ,
G r ande a bo ut t w el ve lea gue s fro m its m out h this p oint w ould be th irty
,
“1
s ix lea g ues E of S ierra Pilla Huin co ; l l S W of the Sierra Vulcan ; 2
.
-
. .
W S W of L a guna de lo s Pad re s ; 1 9 S of Ta ndil ; 3 8 S E of Quil l a l a n

. . . . .
q ue n : and 5 9 E N E of Bahia Blan ca . . . . .
J usti ce of P e ace Don Luis S o m osa ; Po st m aster Don Alberto Marq uez ;
, ,
M unicipal re ven ue ,
Tre s Arroy os .
Sit ua t e about 1 0 0 lea gues of Bue nos Ayres has a n area of about ,
6 0 0 square leagues
This is a no ther ne w p artid o h ithert o s u p p osed to b e long to Lob e ria or ,
Bahia Bl anca but fo r the m os t pa rt Indian cou n t ry

, It is no w m o re tha n .
half settled on and co m p a rativ e ly safe fro m Indians The boundari es are
,
.
,
N B th e Arro y o C ristiano Mue rto ; N Indian territory ; W th e Sierra

. . .
Pil l a Huinco ; S W the ri ver Sauce G rande ; and S EL t he Atla ntic

‘
. . The . .
c oa st l ine is t w enty fou r le a gues lon g fro m the m o uth of the C ristiano
- -
,
M uerto to that of t he Sa uce G ra nd e The r ive rs T res A rroyos and Qu e q ue n .
Sa l ado t ra verse the w hole pa rtido a nd fal l in to t h e At l a nt ic There are fe w

’ '
lago ons w orth no ticing except that of the Sa uce G rande o n the river o f , ,
that na m e a bou t fourteen leag ues E of th e t o w n of Bah ia Blanca

,
. .
The fort o f Tres Horq ne ta s situa te at th e c onfluence o f the t h re e branches ,
w hich for m the Tres Arro y os river

(called b y th e Indian s C laro m ec o ) « - »
w a s fo r so m e ti m e the ut m os t point of the south f r ontier ; and here it is n o w

proposed to b uild a t o w n w hic h w il l be called Ol a ba rria The estancia s .
m a rke d w i th an a sterisk a re sit u a te bet w een th is l ine an d S auce

Grande The Qu eq uen Sal a do ru n s pa rallel w ith the Tres A rroyos a nd is
'
. ,
,
a bout sit le a gue s fu rt h er so uth The Sa a ce G r a n d e pass e s w i th in eight .

‘
leagues E of the to w n of Ba hia Bl anca The Sierra Pi l la H uinc o fo rm in g

'
-
.
,
.
i n part the w este rn li m it n ear the head quar t ers of the Sauce Gra nde is ,
-
,
d istant only t w en ty lea gues fro m the se a board ; the Sierra C ura m a l a l is a
'
c ontin u ati o n o f the sa m e range w e st w a rd ; the Sierra Ventan a lie s S W

'
'
. .
b e yond the Sa uce G rande and is about t welv e leagues fro m Bahia Bl anca ,
.
[ 88 TH E r an so m e PA R T ID O S .
The hig h est p e a k o f the Ventana range by F i tz roy s m ea sure m e n t i s ,

’
fe et a bove the level o f the sea fro m w hic h it is dist ant fort y live ,
-
m ile s : it is feet a b ove th e le vel o f t h e su rro u n din g p l ain Paris h .
m entio n s a s m al l st rea m flo w in g bet w e en the r a ng e s o f V e ntan a a n d C ura ~
m a l a l w hi c
,
h b e a rs h e na m e of In gl e s Ma l h uida f ro m the ci rc u m stan ce o f a n
t
-
,
En glish m a n havi ng bee n p ut to de a t h h ere by th e In di a ns .
The p a rti do co m p ri s e s t h e follo w ing estan ci a s :

N m a e . L gu N m
O
C ea es a e .
V a sq ue z fa m i l y ,
O l a ba rr ia , ,
E l iz a lde He rre ra ,
Maci a s ,
Pe rey ra fa mil y , ,
So a j e Bro s .
,
J a rdi n ,
Ba igo rria , Viton ,
D a ut a s Pi ntos ,
Rol l l , Ma re n co ,
V aldez Bros , Jos e Lo p e z

.
, ,
Ald a o Gueva ra ,
l ) Segui
.
, S oler ,
L e l ra n co is , S ubia urre
‘
F Moreno
.
,
L e t a m e nd i,
U riar te , G a rc ia
Vi vas , Bose t l S . V a l ie nt e ,
No re i ga , Pe re z ,
hl ig ue u s ,
‘
Ap p e l a ue s "
D e sc a l zi ,
D u ran ,
Geo rge S a n d e rs ,
'
Ec he ncgucia ,
Mire fa m ily, ,
‘
iil ia s ,
Briz uel a l d Co
‘
S
z
,
a as .
,
C ar de nas , O '
s
j J {O
'
t
‘ '
‘
Berna rdes A l v a re z
’
, ,
C a sariego ,
Ma ch a l v ‘
Oe h o a ,
G e no v a fa m ily , ,
'
il l iic l a na ,
Ca p arros tio m e z Bros
'
.
, ,
Bu st a m a nte Sa ra x ia ,
‘ '
Ro drig ue z ,
'
A
Ve l a . ,
Puyol "
F e lipe Vel a
, ,
Madero ,
'
l eon Vela
. ,
C asas , fa m ily ,
Unsettled lands ,
90 “
m i: m a S O U TH PAR T ID O S .
Ti m ber is indigeno us ; w illo w s of the « sauce c olorad o » s p e cies a re found

on the b a nks o f the S a u ce G rande a nd Sauce Chi co suitable for building or ,
fi re w oo d In th e salt m arshes ne a r the c oast abounds a sh ru b c alled

.
Ma torro very good for bu rnin g; a n d on the high grounds are found various
,
k inds of bru sh w ood s uch a s ch a na r piquilli n a l ga robil l o brusq u il l a

, , , , ,
bar ba de chi vo m anc o cab a llo h e Near Sa l ina C hico abou t fifteen l eagues
, ,
t .
,
w e st of Ba h ia Blan ca the re is a n abundance of ti m ber the algarroba being

, ,
m uch sou ght both for fi re w ood a nd for m aking corr a l p osts .
Thi s dist rict is one of the m ost fa vored in the province as r egards a n
a b undance o f w ate r courses A n u m b e r of f resh w a te r st re a m s fl o w fro m
.
the Sierra V e nt a na throu gh th e l o w gro und s neve r run ning dry a t any ,
sea son The sal t b ed of Sa li n a Chica su p p l ies excel l en t s a lt w hic h is

.
,
athe d in s r fortunat ly strea of fre h t r runs hard b v fo r

g r um m e a m w
e
e : s a e
th e use o f m e n a n d an im a ls ; there is a lso fr e sh w a ter o n the road t o

Salin as .
The t w n of Ba hia Bl a nc a sta nds t w o leagues f ro m t h e port

o Th e .
e ntra n ce to the ba y is e a sy ; th e re w a s a p i l ot in th e ti m e o f Ros a s a n d one ,
is n o w m uch w a n te d Th e co m m unic a tion by sea w i th Bu e nos Ayres is a

.
g re a t a dv a nt a g e t h e u ua l [ re igh t being 83 t o 8 5 p e r a rrobe Th e st e a m e r

,
s
.
Pa t a gon e s fo r w h ich sg uirre a; Ma rg a recei ve a s u b ventio n neglects Bahia

‘
, ,
Blanca a n d it is p ro p o s d to a k G o vern m e nt fo r h a l f the s ub ven tion an d

,
e s
t o n s te a m e r s :cia l l y fo r t hi s p ort T h di t i t of B hia Blanca h as

p a a p e s r c a .a .
po p ul a tio n o f a bout so ul s o f w h o m th ree fou rt h s resi de in the to w n

,
-
th e y m a y be e s ti m a t e d t h u s Argentin e s 2 0 0 In dia ns 2 t Itali a n s , , ,
1 0 0 S p a n ia rd s 5 0 F re n ch 5 1) E n gli s h an d G er m a n s 2 0 0 va rious
, , The re ,
.
a re [ 7 7 a zotea hous e s and o nl y 1 7 0 r a n chos The g arri son usuall y ce m

“
.
prises 2 0 0 so l die rs a nd 1 2 0 N a tion al G u a rd s besi de s w hich the fri en dly ,

«
I ndians fo rm a co m p a ny o f s eve nty l a uce s : these l a s t a re un de r th e c a c iqu e

»
Fran cisco Anca l a s w h o ra nk s as a lie u t e n ant c olo nel an d w hos e eldest son
,
-
,
hol ds a res p e cta bl e p ost in the G o vern m ent ho use a t Buenos A y re s T he -

.
Indian s of Sa l in a s G ra ndes freq uentl y co m e to the to w n to b a rter thei r

h o m e m ade p oncbos and t he sk i ns of ani m als a nd o st ri ch fe a th e rs
- .
. The histo ry of Bahia Blanca i s q uite m ode rn I n IS 2 8 the fo rt w a s founded .

'
by Colonel Martini a no R od ri guez w ho had alre a dy founded Tand il The ,

.
ga rri son suffered greatl y f ro m p r iv a tion s ic kness an d th e India us till , , , ,
1 8 3 3 w hen R osas ca m e into po w er

,
The fort w a s soon changed into a t o w n
.
,
a regula r servi ce o f p ost ho r ses w a s established in all di rection s

-
and ,
c o uri ers plied a t c ert a in intervals to an d fro m Buenos Ayres l he desert .

' ‘
ca m p s w ere s p eedily covered w ith c a ttle and m ares and a l l the arable ,
l a nds up to t he S auce Grande w e re la id unde r gra in Business gre w up .

,
B A H IA B LAN C A . 19 1
a nd Me ssrs Vel a and oth er w ealthy e stanc ieros c a m e and founded larg e
.
e s tablish m ents Th e fall of Ros as in 1 8 5 2 w a s a tten ded w ith a terrible

.
chan ge ; th e Indian s e very w here spread desolati on carr y ing th eir i n road s ,
int o the very public square of the to w n they burned t he ranchos k illed ,
the se ttlers a nd carried off the cattle so th a t s oon the neig h bo ring hil l
, ,
sides w e re o ccupied by guru a s a n d ostriches A n a tte m p t w a s m a de to get .
u p a n It a lia n Ag ricultu ral Legio n but th e leader w as m urde re d by his m e n

, ,
a n d this failed Bia D a sso p rojecte d an Italian colo n y on the Sa uce G a n de

.
r
the first fa m ilies that w ere brought o ut re fu sed to go fu rther tha n the to w n .
It w a s o nl y in 1 8 8 3 that the first e ffo rts w e re m ade to re p eople the estanci a s -
around the to w n The N a posta valle y w a s the fi rst p l a c e se ttle d on a s it

.
,
w a s suit a ble for sheep and thes e offe r little t e m p tation to th e In di a n

,
s .
In stea d of ra nche s the settlers bu ilt subst a nti a l brick houses w ith fl a t roo f
and a para p et a l l rou n d a ladde r fro m w ithin givi ng a cc ess t he reto in c as e
,
of da n ge r A m a n w ith a ri fl e ca n in this m a nner defend h im se l f a a d a l o

. s
his sheep c or ra l w i thout the lea s t ri k T he settler i s expose d to lose hi s

s .
horse s unless he tie the m u p at night w hich w ill oblige h im t o plant alfalfa
,
and keep a stoc k of ha v .
The first shee p fa rm ers w ere S ig Ca ron ti a nati ve of C o m o M e s srs

-
.
,
He usse r a nd C laraz fro m S w itz erlan d w h o s e ttled in 1 8 6 i i n the N a p o sta

, , .
va lley fou r m il e s fro m the t o w n In 1 8 6 5 ca m e Mr Ar n ol d a N ort h

,
. .
,
A m eric a n a ls o i n the N a posta ; in 1 8 86 th e w ell kno w n est a nc iero )l r

,
-
.
Richa rd Ne w ton st a rted a fa rm on the Sau ce G rand e ; i n 1 8 6 8 ca m e a lso t o

the Sauce Grande )Ie ss rs IIe ntz e o f Sa x o ny nd the fol l o w ing Engli s h a
m en z —John a nd Arth u )Iil dre d Ed m und G oodh a l l

.
, , ,
r Bry an S m yth Henr yr

, , ,
Ed w a r ds Rober t G rieve Joh n Sin cl a i r W atson a n d Shuttle O n t h e

, .
, , .
Sauce C hic o th e fi rst set tler w a s Sig Bozano a n a ti ve of Genoa ; on th e .

,
S aladillo Mr Phili p C a re nti ; a nd finally i n 1 8 3 8 the fa m ous Ba sq ue

.
"
e stanciero Don Ped ro L u re w ith his b ro ther s l n l a w I a n d T Pr a der
,
- -
,
. .
,
s tarted an e stablish m e nt a t t h e N a p osta The re are a t presen t o v e r

‘
sheep in the dis t rict The cli m ate being d ry the w ools a re light
.
a n d n o t very greas y but the she e p give m o re g re a se w hen k ille d th a n i n

,
the north a n d the i ncrea se of the flocks is so m e thin g extrao rdin a r y ; severe
,
'
w eather being rare t here is little m ortality of shee p fro m this cause except ,
w hen a night of hard frost occ urs and then so m e la m bs perish ,

.
In the present ti m e w he n w ool and sheep are l o w w hile l a n d is so dea r

, ,
in th e rest o f the pro rin c e no distric t offers b etter adv a ntages for ne w
,
be g inners than Bahia Bl a n ca and Pat a gones The che a p a n d ready transport .
affo rded by sea rende rs the price of a l l nec essa ries of l ife such a s provis io n s ,
a n d clothin g , m u ch ch eaper than in an y ot her part of the ca m p A s soo n .

1 92 .
TH E F AR so w n Pa nim o s .
as foreig n trading ve ssel s ca n co m e here direct a n d l oad a n d unl oa d along , .
s
s ide the w harf the p rice o f i m po rted good , w ill be chea per than at Bueno s .
A y res The c hea pn es s o f freig ht to Buenos A y re s a lso enhances the valu e

.
o f w o ol w hich sells he re at d ou o l e t h e
p ri ce ob tainab le a t Tandi l Mean '
, .
t i m e the re 1 5 a n a no m al y in the w he a t trade ; t h e w hea t IS m o stl y sent to

Bue n os Ay re sh a n d ite m is brough t ba ck then ce for use of t he inhabitants
t here a re a t liubi n Bl a nca so m e a t a h o na sno r m ills w or k ed by m ul e s a nd
'
«
,
a w a t e r m ill o n the N a p osta so m e w h a t out of repair N e ar th e to w n o f

-
,
.
Az ul th e re a re s o m e la rge w a t e r m ills w h ich d r i ve a bri sk business ; it is -
«
e ver y w a y likel y th a t a si m i l ar e n ter p rise at B a hia Bla n ca w oul d p a y w e l l
t h e Napo sta ha s al w a y s a s p l e nd id w a te r o w e r and w i th the o utla y oi a
p , .
l i t tle c a pit a l t he a nnual c o p o f fa ne gas of corn m ight be ground on

r
“
t he spot instead of be in g e xpo rted to Bue nos A y res The dis t rict m oreover
'
.
, ,
o f fe rs e ver a d va nt a ge t o in du st r ious o d de vote thei r

‘
y p u e st e ro s h o w u
lei s ure ho urs to c ulti va ti ng a p a tch o f w h e a t m aiz e z ap a llos o r , , ,
e g eta bles
”
il ic i c 1 s a t Ba h ia Bl a n ca a n u n p ret e n di ng inn but E n gli shm e n usuall y
'
p ut u p a t the ho use o f Mr ( eo rge Li t tle a No rth A m eric a n w h e h as one o f

. n
, ,
the bes t sho p s in th e place T h e C om an dante Colonel Jos e Llano is also .

, ,
v e r r kin d to s trangers a s w e l l a s the J ustice o fPe a ce Don Mari a no Me n dez

, ,
a n d Ca ta i n Ge ron t i t h p in cip l w holesal e houses a re those o f F 1 a n cisco

p e r a .
Bozan o Ma ria no M e ndez G a lv a n e Co J uli a n Calven te Mira n da a nd B

, ,
.
, , ,
.
C ost a Pa rt ie s w a ntin w a g ons m a y a p p l y to Santi a go Bo n fi l io or M a n uel

.
n
o
e w
Ech a ue s the firs t a L o m ba id the second a Basqu

fl '
, both a re 11 0 1 th y o f
,
e
,
a l l confiden ce and their cha rge s are reasonable There are n o liver y
, .
s ta ble s 1 11 the place but if th e s t ran e r w is h to m ake an exc u rsio n he m us t

g,
loo k up H y poli te Bra m aj o Ca y etano Arz e or J Bustos w ho h a ve a l w a y s , . .

,
fi n e rel a y s o f h orSe s at a re a so na bl e charge : t hese m e n a re ex p eri e n ce d

gui des and m ost trust w o rth y fell o w s If th e visito r w ish to pus h his .
e x cu rsio n s so m e dista nce into the l ndi a n co unt r h e w il l d o w ell to hi re a n

y
India n guide a nd th e m ost t rus t w o rth y are Ped ro L uce ro a nd l os e Andres
,
-
.
Mil ip il ; t he lat te r is b ro ther z n l a w to the Cacique Anca l a o These m e n - -

.
a lso s erve as
gu de s in m a king th e Jo urn e y o v e rl a nd to Pa ta gones a dist a nce
“
,
o t o ve r fort y le agues l ne t ravell e r m u s t be ca reful in h i ring a ny othe r

'
g u id e tha n the a bo ve na m e d unless ell re co m m e n ded by Mr L i ttle Se nor

-
,
.
,
C oront i o r the J us tice of Pea ce,

.
Bahi a Blanca is o n l y : 1 5 l e a ne s o verlan d f ro m Bu e nos A y re s b ut tl i e

rr
,
Th e l and j ourne y is so t edious an d di fficult as

.
d 1 st a nce by se a i s do ubl e
‘
sel dom to be un de t ta k cn : there is no m ail c oach servi ce Th e se a voy a ge -

.
“c ari e s accord i n g to the cath er , a nd m a y b e reckon e d a t fi ve da i s .

T HR
FM n E
S Hi
’ m m a r m os .
e r, t ree s
e th rive r
smw zel l q as i
he re d ,
an
tr 3 k b y t h e uc d f r uit ;tr
ro qe s f
wsip gp p
o no l ars a
v p
-
all fi side s ,
isl an ds oithe rive r , The y ine d e e p rema rkabl y w e l l and

’
.
,
w ine w ould be m u c h better if m ore care were t a ke n w ith th is ,
indu s tr y . The ri vers and l a goons a re line d w ith in digenous w illo w s ,
ca l l ed « Sau ce colorado th e w ood cutters m ak e « balsas » of this ti m ber -

,
'
w hi ch th e
y sell at El Car m en ; as it is v e ry useful for corr a l po sts buil din g , ,
&c These posts last six or seven y e ars and w ould last longer if the ends
.
,
w ere burned s a re a l so goft e n : m ad e of cha nar bra nch e s This

E
‘
e n
-
ce '
s
'
.
1 .
a bundanc e of ti m ber is a 1 e a t gain a nd ren ders buildi n g ve i ch e a IBe e ds

g 1
y p ,
a nd str a w abound in th e lo w land s and g ood r oofs are a l so made of

l
, y ou n g
w illo w b1 a nch es t i e d toge th er and c overed w ith t w o or thr e e la y ers of 1 m ud
a nd cho pped stra w Th e l iver in w i nding through t he vall e y form s a nu m ber

.
o f 1 rin con e s of a m az ing fe i t il ity w hich a re 1 ea sil y fe n ce d in for g ra zing ‘
1 » 1
, ,
a nd a gri c ultural pu rpo ses

O f all the settl eme n t s at tempte d by the ol d Sp a n ia
.
rds on the s hores of

Patagonia th a t o £,t,h e Rio Negro or Patag ones IS the o nl y p ne no w exi sti n g
, t ,
.
It w a s founde d in t he| close o f t he l ast: centu ry and suff ered at fii st dm a ny ,
ditlicul t ie s B g
ei
.
n cut off fro m a l l co nt act : w ith the e x te ri
,
d
, r ; w orid the ,
inhabitants st ill p re se rrve a dist n ct t y pe f ro m the Bu e nos Ay re ans

w h en Rosas m d e his g1 éa t, e x e di t i t t h desert ; he a ve a g re a t an d f
a p o n o e g
sudde n im p ulse to Patagones ; be distribu ted c attle a n d a gri cultural imp l e
.
1i1 e n ts a mong th e poor i habi tants r is q n e d th e is l a n d of a nd

n g a r
-
fo unded a n e w to w n c a lled Guar dia Con stituc ion : The p l ace bein g ,t h us c
p 1 ot e ct e d 1
e1t,
tle
1 m ultiplied a m a z m l ys t a n d the sal t de p o sits w e re soon
e in r .
:
full w ork ,Salina del Ingles is si tu te n ear th e coast Sa l i na de Pi edr a

a
1
.
_ , _
o i t he townabou t ha lf a le ag ue fro m the rive r At t he p am e ti m e th e

'
. . . .
s aladero s w e m in ful l p la y w h eat w a s ; se w n on a great scal e , a n d

,
”
w ell Th e ; fall of Ro sas brp ii gh t a {g .rea t c h ange 1 th e .
Indians d e vastate d the w hol e co u ntr y and the C aciq ue fi a nq ue truz boasted ,
’
tha t he w ou ld re duce t he w retched inhabita nts at e live on ha 1 e s flesh 11 ’

.
He ke p t his w ord t o the letter for the poor people had act ua l l y to subsis t
for a ti m e on ha re s T he pr esent Co n1 an da nt e D on Ju li a n Murga un de r
. : .
, ,
1
t oo k to 1 e vive t he ,e tforts o f Rosa s h e m a de p e ac e w i

l
t hgt h e gl ndi a ns buil t a
,
1
, ,
fe i t cal led Gu ardi a Mit re a bout fifte en lea gues ab ove PatagoneS brought 3
,
1
,
st ock 51?60 QOG shee p in to the l va l l e y sn a nd re cen tl y st arted a salade r o a nd

, 1 ,
Sh ‘3 P gra s ria
9 z e l i tp
ci ropo ses to
.
, take p o
.
s s e ssio n 1 ,isl a nd of
s ,an 1 m p 0 1 tau t s trat egi c poi nt l h e (isalgna w of L a
'
Chol e choe l g w hi
'
ch i
‘
, ,
l iédra and L a, E spu m a a re n ow in j ful l w ork , a nd the w hea t crop is eve n

’
,
[ 95
l arger tha n a t Bahia Bl anca The p rése nt bOp ul a tién counts bve r 3 0 0 0 sohl s
’
.
, ,
of w ho mmore than half a re in th e t o w n Hodse s in th e ca mp are stron gl y .
rebuilt to r esist a riy Indian fora y A pilot is po sted at t h e m ou '

th of th e ‘
"
.
_
river a nd the m aritim e t raffi c is m ore than double th at o f Bahia Bla nca :
,
1
"
.
f
the traders o to Bde nos A y re s fre ight a vessel w ith the ir 1 1 arcs an d se nd , ,
back a re t urn ca r go of s alt or wheat : Th ere IS a s m all stea m bo at on the R io

Ne gro a nd i t 1s in t e nd e d to m ake h er r un as hi gh a C hol e choe l
'
,
s .
i
o
zapallos melo ns? h p i ve notabl
'
p
,
otato es & c do re m ark abl y w e l l S ee ,th y
.
,
.
'
.
The re is a gro up 11 1 se venteen I talian fa m il ies on the south b ank Op posite

”
,
China Huerta : th e y m ake excellent ha m s a nd cheese After th ese the first .
settlers in the v al ley w e r e—Me ssrs ; He n sse r and Clara z nati ves of Sw i t z er ,
la nd w ho p urcha sed th e lands oi China Muer t a a n d Pa so F also onthe north

' '
- -
,
bank a bout ten leagues fro m Pa t ag ones : thes e a re the finest la nds i
,
gh t in e st iz a shee p fro m D on Pedro L u

‘ ’
Rio Ne gro : th ey bou ro s es tan ci a a nd ,
m ade an esta blish m ent w hich has n ow no r ival in the district w h ether in ,
sheep breeding agri culture m ilc h c o w s or curin g of m ea t : their bacon

.
-
, , ,
and m utton ha m s have read y sale in B uenos Ay res and the y have s ent so m e ,
sa m ple s to E urope w hi ch pro m is e the m a goo d m a rket there also After

,
.
t h e se ge n t l e fn e n so m e E nglish m en ca m e to buy l a n ds and have no w

’
*
,
flourishing establish ments viz Fraz er Bros Greenstreet E verett and ,

.
, , ,
k incaid Beside s there are t hree Welsh colonists : W a tkin Willia m s E

.
,
.
“
Pri ce a nd J Jones There are in Pa tagones t w o kinds of shee p ; the
,
. .
Pa m pas are large robust a nd long p oled : the y w ere brought hither by
, ,
-
the Indian s fro m Chile a nd ha ve so m e a fiin ity to deer The m eat is ver y
,
.
savou ry The e w es ha ve often t w in la m bs w hich the y rea r w ith out a ny

.
-
,
di ffi c ulty This race w ould ans w er w ell for crossing w ith s m ooth w ooled
.
-
sheep and M e ssrs Ki ncaid are going t 0 cross the m w ith E nglish b reeds The
, .
’
se co nd k in d of sheep in Patagones i s t he ordinar y m e st1 z a breed

‘
Visitor s to Pata go nes w i ll find e ve rv c o m fort at the inn of Don Gui se ppe
Ave n e n te an Italia n w ho se charges are m oderate ; another excell ent ho tel
, ,
h a s re centl y bee n opene d by Mr T ho m as D eacon a Ger m an If y o u w ant .

,
.
h or ses or guides a ppl y to Mr Av e ne n te The best guide is Coc he n go

‘
. .
,
Pied ra Buen a but w e ca n also reco m m end Ure no and Agustin Sosa
-
‘
,
.
Waggons a re diilicul t to o btain u nl ess a t ex orbi tant rates : for the south
ide a ppl y to Solano Alderet e Sa n Javier or the It ali ans in fron t of Chi na
'
1
, ,
of th e latter reside in th e to w n The Rio Negro di vides 1
Pa t aione s into t wo distinct to w ns : the c o m m ercial and old to w n is on the
“
n orth 5de co m prising the w holesale houses of Aguirre and M urga Abate
, ,
D 3 3 ) ma sca rel o & c O n the s outh side lived Mr She il e r of th e

. .
,
,
Fal klan d sl a nds w hose beautiful quinta n ow belongs t o th e E ngl ish

‘
,
96 T HE m a sourn p u r m o s .
Mi ssio n : on this side also is t he Engl ish Church w h ere D r Hum bl e ‘
,
.
.
pra ct ise sboth in m edicine and d ivinity a nd k e ep sa fre e school and a

,
, [ .
w ell ”Stocke d dispensary for the u se of poor a nd r ich The usual c ha rge s
-
.
for freight to and fro m B uenos A y res are $ f 5 to p er ton The m any J
a dva ntag es of Pat agones r ender it suitable for ne w beginner s Th e settle r ,
w h o ha s a go o d ri fl e and w ell b uilt house m ay la u -

gh a t the I ndians ; an d
t his p ar t of th e count r y is w hol ly fre e fro m political co m m otions L a n d13 .
chea p ,
fie igh t is heap t i mbe r a nd w a t e r abo und and s
,
he e p um ay be t
. , ,
.
fl
r eared here a t bet e r profit tha n el se w here For further details .
Patag on es sée Chap VL page 5 3 o f S ection A in w hich IS a l so

'
. . .
, ,
a c count of the Welsh Colony on the River Ch up at Th e trade returns of .
Patagones for the yea r sho w 2 8 v essels w ith 3 9 45 t on s b urden ‘

The ,
.
'
,
stat e s chools are attended by 52 b o

-
ys and 3 5 gir l s ; a ne w school house is r
b eing bui l t Ju stic e of Peace D on Dom in g o de Oro ; Post m ast er D on I gnac i o

. .
L eon .
A n e w settler 1 11 the partido th us describes it

« I bw e to Col on e l Mur a s kindness having had the opportunity of m a
i
’
g kin g
a ne x cursicn a s far a s th e Guardia Mitre » I h ave therefore seen t he
« .
.
Rio N egr o fro m its m outh to the to w n of Car m e n de Patagones (eight

,
l eagues )and then ce to the G uardia (seventeen leagues ) m aking t w enty

, ,
fi ve l eagues of its course The left or south side is flat and l o w w ith hig h
.
,
ground at a considerable distance th e exact extent of w hich I da i e not ,
c al culate fo1 f ea r of being w rong The n orth side is also fl a t near to th e

.
w ater as the south side ; th e lo w ground IS ho w e v e l

“
m uch 11 a 1 1 o w e 1 and ‘
,
, ,
is bou n ded by a range of h illocks of tosc a and sand of no g 1 e at l 1 e 1 gh t

fro m four to ten m etres ) The river is full of 1 sl a 11 ds of diffe 1 e n t sizes
( .
,
m ost of w hich are p rivat e property The n atural vegetation is vigorous

. ,
both in the isla nds and nea r the banks of th e river Th e red w illo w is .
v ery abundant here and al though w hite popl ar is also to b e found it has
, ,
all be en p la nted The soil 1 5 in ge n e i a l very fe rtile even to the top of the
.
,
h illock s but w ith th e exception of so m e of the lo w e 1 parts the hand

,
,
of m an has not tu rned it to use I have had but little op portunity of

.
.
e xa m ining th e higher ground and this onl y on the n orthern side The
,
.
ca m p there is covered w ith chanares not ve l y high a l p at a co piquillin , , ,
and i n a w ord w ith all the plants that a re found t h i in i t y of San

j a rr il l a ,
1 11 e v c
J uan an d Mend oza In the lo w er part there i s chilca rush e s &c as in

. , ,
.
Cuyo .
Grass 1 s ge nerally very ab undant every w here but it is not so thick ,
on th e h ige r ground
« The soil on the plat eau is sandy and loose O n the ban ks of th e r t er
.
onl y
ncrea s w h e r one ascend s l g
g ravel an d ro u nd pebbles i e th e l h t .
1 96 2 1 THE I S LAN D S oa t /r a n 11 11 11 1 11 1
”
‘
fr om th e city of B ue nos Ayire s on the northern side Wirefe t he
'
N0 fa r
‘
1
"
,
w aters of th e Paran a a nd l Urugua y im ingl e i form m m on e w id

,
e e stuar
l
1
, ,
“
w h ich flo w i g m aj estically in to th e A tl ant i c, ta k es the na me of Rio de a
.
'
” ‘ ‘
,
n f
Plata or R i ve r Plate —me

,
a te r s of t he iPara nal de bouch i nt ot h e l a t t e r
A
. i
'
by innum e rabl e a rm s f or m ing a p erfect n e t w m k of cana l sa nd

'
'
x
,
w h icht co ve rs a vast extent cf xt e rr it o ry I t is w hat 1 s kno w n as t he D elta .
or I sla nd s o f th e Para n a a s ot upon w hich n a t ure w ith a bount if u

.
l han d ; 5
p .
,
'
h a s lavished all h er t re a sure s The re m ay b e oth er spots on t he fac e of
th e g l obe m ore pict ures q ue o w ing to a m ore varied sc ene ry and m ore ,
“
ro m antic landscape by w hich nature adorns a broke n and m ount ainous soil ,
b ut none ca n sur p ass thes e islands i n t h e luxury of th eir e ver ve rd an t

b eaut y th e purity of ai r and w ate 1 the abundanc e and ch ar m s of thei r
, ,
i nnu m erabl e canals and strea m l ets th e fe rtil itv o f the soil a 11 d th e , ,
-
p l entifulness and delicious fl avor of th e 1 r frui t .
I t w a s 0 11 the 8 th of Se pte mb er 1 8 5 5 that a party 1 e cruite d fro m

'
'
, ,
a m on g the notabilities of th e ti m e e mbark ed a t th e Tigr e 1 n the Captai n ,
o f the Po 1 t s cutter
’
and under t h e guid a nc e of D on A ntonio So m e l l e ia
_ , ,
then Ca p tain 1 11 the n ava l s e 1 v 1 ce proceeded to explore th e spot of w hi ch ,
they ha d heard such glo w in g descriptions A m on g other s the party

,
.
consist ed of Colon el B Mitre (after w a rds Br igadier G e n e ra l a n d Presi de n t

‘
o f th e Repu blic )C Pellegri ni and S

,
A rcos en g ine ers Crosa and Moura
.
,
.
'
, , ,
'
m e m be rs of the San Fernando Municip al

B oard ; Sar m iento C ol A lbarracin ,
.
-
To rres &c ,
.
The e x p e dit ion e l s w ere char m ed w ith all th ey sa w a nd b ro ught back

'
‘
such a fa vorabl e re p ort th at th e publ ic fired by ?Sr Sar m iento s able

' ‘
) ’ 1
s a .
)
, .
w ritings in rt he r .
seized w it h e n thusiasm t he proj e ct of the t
1
u
'
colonization of th e oisl a n ds fi a nd peo pl e f of : all clas se s r ush ed to b eco m e

'
'
z
the ha p p y p osse ssors rof Before t he l e nd of that y e in the
fol lo w ing na m es ha d i re gist ere d t hei r t itle deeds in‘ t he J uz ga do of San
'
’ '
Fernando
nu m w v snr ru m s x r w
'
1 99
cm u c nn mm m
'
Pinero , J oa q ul n Connt ra , Blan co C iriaco Ro j as J uan Boj as D oroteo ,

i
,
'
Santos Novas Juan Pon dal , Ja cobo Parr a vi cini An tonio O livera D o m ingo
, , ,
Ip a rraguirre .
q aa l de l To r o .
Migu el M elo A nton i o O bli gado Jacinto A ntonio

. '
'
Go nzalez Sil va
‘
, , ,
,
Eugenio S eide Carl os Re y e s Ferna nde z B eyn o

‘
'
,
.
,
Ca na l de Ca rap acha y
‘
F ranco W encesl ao N avarro Mart i nRodriguez G il Mende z

Esta nislao
‘
, , , , ,
M axi m o Bros Ma x im o Y rre tra re gu i Fel ipe Ma rana D o m ingo

'
, , ,
T relles J oa q uin Silva J ose Bar gas A ntonio Bargas Francisco A lvare z
, , , , ,
Manuel G uardia Pa tri cio Book e y L a C ro ss e F ort un a te Poncel Pedro

, , , ,
J ose D iaz Florenci o Po n dal L o renzo Torres J Barros Pa z os Santiago

, , ,
.
,
Klappen bach Bort ol om é L eloir , J u an Ba ste re l l i N Klappenbach Hila ri o

, ,
.
,
m eida A ugu sto Fab ie r Nicom ede s Reynal

, ,
,
Ca na l d cl Ca m ba o .
Fran cisco Franci sco Va rela J o sé Mari a Ro m ero

Rojas , ,
-
, ,
-
.
Ca na l de l Tor ito .
Jua n Va l e nz uela Fran cisc o Ruiz ,

.
3 Ca nal de l a E s e r a
p .
1
Monica Ba rra za A nac leto Carneiro ,
.
Ca ba l de l a E sp e rita .
l Felicia no Blanco A ndres Go m ez

An ge l C ros a, ,
.
Ca nal de l a Abra Nue t a

Marc o sSastre M iguel C as al Pio Crosa Ez equi el Cordoba Manuel Monra
, , , , ,
D F S ar m iento Juan Jo s é A lsina Pedro \ 1 l l a r1 no Re y e s Sa ga ste Federic o

. .
, , ,
T oledo .
Ca nd id e l a Abra Vie/ d
'
Be nj a m inSastre Her m ogenes Salguer o Eduardo Ve ga Bernardo Correa

, ,
.
, ,
Jua n d e los Santos L e on Bordon J ose Gutier rez Anton i o , , ,
C ue t o Pe dro So to
,
1 .
Ca na l de l a Ra m a Ne gro .
Fernando Jaren ,
Em ilio F urq ue , Santiago Al bara cm José Cordero .
Ca na l de C a l ve s .
A ntonio O bligado , Juan M u noz ,Man u el Garan go Jos e Man uel Moren o , ,
R oque Pe t ro chi, Gum e sindo A ran a A lej andro F ra nc o ,

.
g 90 0 ;m n a sm uns
v
dr 1
1 11 11 1
11 1 11 1 11 1 .
1 1
1 Ca na l rde l Ca p ita n .
Hilario A scasubi
Jos e Ra m on Ogue l a,,
Re m igio Gon z ale z Moreno A n t oni o ,
G o nzal ez More no Santia go L a ca sa J ua n Ra m os , 1Sa ntiago A rc os , F ran cisco

’
a
, ,
B l ObO, L u is Vil l a rga H 1 : L iil m l 1 '

1 1 1
CARAP AY C HAY iuf

'
cua
‘
Pa ra na de l os Pa l m a s .
Man uel Ferreyra Mariano Sarratea B a m on Mancilla Te sdoro Z abne l a

, , _ , ,
F e derico Carril Manuel F erna n de z M anuel Pa z os Mateo Be ovide Santiag o

, , .
,
Y art e Fernando Ra m os Mi gu el Rivas Fernando Va z q uez D om ingo Ma rt ine z

, , , , ,
L eblanc A ntonio D ode l o A ntonio D unoy er Pablo Non gie r P Maria

, , , ,
.
Nongie r Mari ano D e l fin o Sa m uel Hale Cay e tano Cau m a rtin Miguel N ero
, , , , ,
Ma ria L ie n fe rt s Past ora Tor i es N i colas Calvo Eusta q uio Riestra A u gusto
, , , ,
R iestra Em ili o A grelo

,
H e rm enegildo Riestra Pedro Carreras Jua n
, , ,
Connell Jose M Be nt il l o Joa qui m Hornos Jul ian Martinez , B ernardo

,
.
, ,
L ie n fe rt &c 5m,
. 1 .
The enthusias m of th e g rea t m ajority o f t hos ew hoby Sarm i ento 3 po w er

’
ful w ritings a nd im p l e ssive preach ing atte m pted the col onization a nd
c ultivatio n of these favored isla nds w as not of long duration a nd m ost of , ,
the m a fter plantin g a fe w poplars and w i

,
llo w s gradually forgot the ,
e xi stence o f their A m o ng th e fe w exc eption s is to be counted an

e nterprising Fre nch m an a gardener by p rofession and i nclination Mr
, ,
.
B runet w hose l a rge isl a nd o n the C a n al del Toro m ay even no w s erv e as a

,
m odel of flo w er and veget able ga rdenin g A t considerabl e tr ouble and .
e xpens e h e has succeeded after struggl in g xfor j e a is w i th the diflicul tie s

,
natural to the locali ty a nd those co mm on to all n e w s e ttle m ents in m akin g .
u p his island an i mm e ns e a nd high ly prod uctive nursery g arden for al m ost
e ve i y specie of th e x e ge t a bl e k in d fro m t he m ost 1 are tropi cal plants and ,
val uable f1 u1t t re es to the last va riet y of co mm on do m estic cab bage a nd

ot ato M l B runet keeps a ste m in t he c ity in C all e R e con quista w here
p .
, ,
he al w ays keeps on hand a large supply of plants fruit and v egetable s the , , ,
latte r being da ily con ve y ed by a ca noe to th e Tigre and then ce to to w n by ,
t h e N orth ern Rail w ay I n February 1 8 6 9 Mr Crabtree m anag er of the

.
, ,
.
,
N orthern Rail w ay at the very l ow pri ce of $ 8 9 0 0 0 purcha s ed a nisland

“
.
, , ,
Five years ago th e late Mr Henry B arratt and t 0 other En glish m en , a l so

,
.
b ought an island
‘
.
"1 1 1
l
END OF VO L . I .

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H AN D B O O K

BU ENO S AY RES , THE U PPE R I

O R I E NTA L , AND PAR AG U AY .

is RE SPE CT ULL F Y D ED IC A TED ,

Tnn u til ity of a work like i fest as to need neith er

Handbo ok of thes e c ountries annually for the ,

we lost m on ey by our edition o f 1 8 63 ,

of so m egood to our adopted count ry .

nthe i m proved and enlarge d for m

great o bject w e al w ay s keep in vi e w l t h as b e en our partic ul ar study t o

s, ind e e d, a n a greeable one At the sa m e

T he conclusion of th e Paragua y a n Wa r and co mm enc e m ent of P resident

t rade and industry Po pular ed uca tion a l sb bids fa i r to m ak e m uch h e a d

LVolu m e I of th e Handbook cont ains three s e ct ion s

In g iving the H andbook n ow to t he publi c w e feel con ﬁ dent that it w il l

c rept in w ill b e cc rre ct e d in the next edition . , W e h ave to thank th e

n u m e rous kind h im is w ho contributed i nteresti ng infor m ation ab out their

ow n p a rtic ular d istrict , and e sp e cial l y

the Irish cle rgy m e n in the ca m p ,

to w ho m w e be g to offer a c opy of the h ook grati s for ea ch of their L endi ng

Libra ries W . l o offer a copy

of th e Englis h , S cotchA m eri c n and

of th e River Plate Volu m e I I w il l

Directory of Buen os A yres is b eing carefully co m p iled by Mr Frank . .

Ca s i) . I . The Riic r Pl a te Rep ubl ics ; G

A rgen tine Republic ,

Gl IAP II . . The Arge ntihe Rep ubl ic .

F inan cial Statist ics ,

A gric ultural St atistics ,

C R AP III . . F ore ign Pop ul a tion .

CR AP . IV . Agricul tura l Col onie s .

CR AP . V . Col oniz a hba of the

CH A P VI . . Col oniz a tion o f Pa ta gonia .

C hilian an d A rgentine Proj ects ,

F ree L and Grants a t Bah ia Blanca ,

Engli sh Settlers on the l tio N egro ,

CR AP . V II . Rio de l a Pl a to a nd Tr ibuta rie s .

T he Paran a Buenos A yres to Matto G r osso

Th e Salado and verm e j o ,

CH A P . Itine ra m esof the Re p bl ic

Gen eral Re m arks ,

Tele graph s &c

D rainage a nd W ater Supply ,

Exp ort of C a ttle ,

T re a ty w ith G reat Britain ,

T rea ty w ith the United States ,

CH t P X I . . B iograp hies of Publ ic Me n .

Vice Pres ident A lsina

G en e ral U r q uiza A rchbish op of B11 e no s Ay re s Governor Castro

D r Velez Sa rsl ie l d D r Mariano Varela D r Gorosti a ga

D 1 A vellaneda Colonel Gainza Gen eral Golly y O bes

G ene ra l Pa unero D on N de la Bie st i a

O Gorm a n, Chie f of Polic e ,

CH A P . XII . Mining in the Cug

River Plate N e w spa pe rs ,

CH A P XI V . . Mone ys, Weigh ts Me m ,

Monte v ideo , Parag uay ,

Meteor olo gical Tablle ,

I nstruction son L andi n g ,

CH A P . X VI : Itin era r ie s from Engl an

N ational Sta m ped Pape r 1 8 6 9 , ,

A d m inist ration of President Mitre (1 8 6 2

C ourts of L a w Hierar chy , ,