Dr.

Rowshan Ara Begum

Department of Zoology
Dhaka University

Zool. 302 (Animal genetics)

Lecture -3
" Chromosome Map"

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What is Chromosome map?
Morgan was the one of the first to suggest that genes of a linked group are arranged in a linear series
along the length of chromosome. In a chromosome map the specific genes are put out in a linear fashion
on a chromosome at a distance which is calculated by cross over experiments. The distance between
two genes on the chromosome shown by two corresponding alleles.

A chromosome map is a line on which genes are located and separated

by distances in point propotional to the percentages of crossing over.

Chromosome mapping:
*To prepare a map for certain species of organism have to collect as
many variants of the animal as possible and obtain their pure breeding
varities.
*Linkage groups are then prepared by breeding them together which
should correspond to the number of chromosomes in that animal.
*The percentage of crossing over is obtained between every two pairs of
gene of a linkage group.
*One way for us to understand this definition is to consider 100 oogonia
going through meiosis.
In some cells, no crossovers will occur between sites A and B;
*in others, one, two, or more crossovers will occur between these loci.
At the end of meiosis, there will be 100 gametes,
* each containing a chromosome with either zero, one, two, or more
crossovers between A and B.

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*We estimate the genetic map distance between these loci by calculating
the average number of crossovers in this sample of chromosomes.
*The result from the data is 0.42.
A chromosome in which alleles have recombined must have arisen by
crossing over.
*Counting recombinant chromosomes therefore provides a way of
counting crossover exchange points.

Map distance:
*The distance between two points on the genetic map of a chromosome
calculated by the average number of crossing over between them.
*Chromosome can be mapped effectively in terms of percentage of
crossing over obtained between linked gene. These 1.2% crossing over
between A and B establish that they are situated 1.2 units of map
distance apart from their chromosome.

*The kind of reasoning utilized in chromosome mapping can be

illustrated if, we now assume that "A" and "B" was above and a third
linked gene "C", give rise 6.8% crossing over between A and C and 8%
between B and C. In such instance, we can deduce that A is situated
between C and B in its chromosome.

Thank you
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